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‫مـركـز الــدراســــات والـبـحـــوث الـتـعـديـنـيــة‬
‫كـلـيـة الـهـنـدســة – جـامـعـة الـقــاهـرة‬
‫الطرق الغير تقليدية لسد الفجوة بين‬
‫االنتاج واالستهالك‬
‫تحليل احصائى‬
‫‪May 2014‬‬
Cairo University
Faculty of Engineering
Mining Studies and Research Center
“Future of Petroleum Energy in Egypt”
Challenges and Opportunities
Plugging the Gap Between Demand and
Resources
Unconventional Recovery
Techniques
“Statistical Analysis”
May 2014
Introduction
 NG Production & Consumption Patterns
 Oil Production & Consumption Patterns
 Oil Reserves Estimate
 Gas Reserves Estimate
 Unconventional Oil Recovery
 EOR
 Oil Shale
 Shale Oil
 Unconventional Natural Gas Recovery
Shale Gas
Tight Gas
 Conclusion

Oil
• Average daily oil production
700,000 bbl
• Average daily oil consumption
755 ,000 bbl
• Average daily N.G. production
5,200 Million cubic ft.
Natural
Gas • Average daily N.G. consumption
Almost the same
Oil Production & Consumption in Egypt
Production
Consumption
7000
6000
5972
6479
6471
6376
5900
6006
6404
5962
5911
5498
MMSCF/D
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
08/07
09/08
Produced Gas
10/09
11/10
12/11
Sales Gas
6
Gas Production by Area
2011/2012
Med. Sea
67%
Delta
11%
G.O..S
1%
W. D.
21%
7
MMCF/D
5500
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
5014
3821
08/07
4018
09/08
4245
10/09
4534
11/10
12/11
8
Industrial
%27
Electricity
%58
Petrochemicals
& added value
industries
%12
Cars & Houses
%3
9
Gulf of Suez
Western Desert
Eastern Desert
6 Billion bbls
(24%)
1.7 Billion
bbls
(7%)
17.5 Billion
bbls
(69%)
OOIP
Produced
25.2
Can be Produced Conventionally
Remaining Oil
Billion bbls
14.7
8.4
2.2
OOIP
Produced
Can be Produced Conventionally
1.7
Remaining Oil
Billion bbls
1.2
0.3
0.2
OOIP
Produced
Can be Produced Conventionally
Remaining Oil
Billion bbls
6.0
4.1
0.7
1.2
OOIP
Produced
Can be Produced Conventionally
Remaining Oil
Billion bbls
17.5
9.3
7.4
0.9
Med. Sea
77%
G.O.S.
8%
W.D.
10%
Delta
5%
Remaining Reserves 30/6/2012 = 72.2 TCF
15
Robi
Raven
24“- 26 Km
West Abu Qir
Naf
El obyed
Abu Qir
Abu Madi
South
Belquas
30“- 26 Km
Talkha
Desouk
Salam
18“- 12 Km
Tarek
Intergene
South
Dab’aa
Bed - 2
Bed - 3
Bed - 1
Vegas fields
Ameriya
24“- 14 Km
24“- 26 Km
El Qasr
Meleha
Deep
Sedi Krier
Ameriya Borg
Cement Elarab
Neag
Mahmudiya
Nubariya
Arish &
El masaid
Fayroz
265 Km 24“-
El Sheikh
Zowayed
East Gas
42“- 40 Km
South El
Mansoura
West
El Tena
South
El-Tina
32“- 85 Km
East Port Said P.S & Ind. Area
Sinai Cement &
industrial Area
36“- 196 Km
24“- 215 Km
36“- 264 Km
10 BCMY
Qusina
Banha
Sadat
6 October
El Fayoum Offtake
A/GH
South El
Manzala
12“- 40 Km
Theka
Flower
Helm
North Sinai
Port said
Wastani
Shabshir
Tanta
28“- 86 Km
Port Fouad
UGDC
North
Bardwell
Ameriya
24“- 26 Km
12“- 14 Km
Abu Sannan
El Gamil
22“- 40 Km
Abu Hommos
16“- 9 Km
Temsah
North Port Said
24“- 50 Km
LNG
Damietta
Qara
Med. South
East Fields
Denise
Akhen
Hap’y
Roseta
King
South Aum Barkah
Taurt
Scrab/ Saffaire
Tarouse
Baltem
safron
El-Max
32“160
Km
North Idku
Abu sir
Shams
Theth
Simian/ sienna
32“- 75 Km
Cairo
Abu
sultan
24“- 25 Km
Suez
Mostorud I-A
Fayoum
Karoun
A’youn
Moussa
Tebbin
Dahshour
Jordan
22“- 87 Km
24“- 10 Km
30“- 28 Km
Koraymat
El Sokhna
Za’frana
A/R
Suco
Belayim
16“- 192 Km
20“- 660 Km
16“- 256 Km
Beni Suef
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Existing . PL
Under cons. PL
Future. PL (5 Years)
Gas fields
Future Gas Fields
Facilities
Distribution Stations
Power stations
Industrial Areas
Consumer
Distribution Co.
Export
Upper Egypt P/L
930 km, 1 Billon $
Ras Bakr
El Menia
Unit 103
October
Abu Rudis
Ramadan
Esma 2
Esma 8
Unit 108
Badri
Morgan
Ras Shukir Unit 104
Shoab Ali
New Assuit
Assuit
Capacity: 180 MMSCMD
Length : 18000 km
(High/ medium/ low pressure)
20“- 40 Km
Suco
Agiba
Zeit bay
Deshna
Sharm El Shikh
Sea bird
Qena
Quos
Hurgada
Luxor
Aswan
West
Aswan
Kima
Safaga

Rapid increase of population

Oil and gas are the only sources for
petrochemicals industry

Risk associated with finding new
concessions
Unconventional
Recovery
Techniques
For Natural
Gas
For Oil
Enhanced
Oil
Recovery
(EOR)
Oil Shale
Shale
Oil
Shale
Gas
Tight
Gas

Targets depleted oil reservoirs

Increases oil recovery factor up to 60%
HOWEVER

More expensive than primary and
secondary recovery techniques

Difficult to implement
Number of Projects
140
Immiscible EOR Methods
Thermal EOR Methods
Miscible EOR Methods
MEOR Methods
124
120
100
80
60
62
44
40
20
0
27
13
3 1
10
2 1521
1
8
2
5
11
1
Worldwide EOR Projects in 2012
3
1
Based on Successful Worldwide EOR Projects
 Recovery Factor of Thermal EOR = 40%
 Recovery Factor of Chemical & Miscible
EOR =15%
EOR Expected Production from Western Desert
Candidatate for Chemical & Miscible EOR
WD
OOIP: 1.7 billion bbls
Remaining: 1.2
billion bbls
Candidatate for Thermal EOR
Residual Oil
0.2 Billion bbls
16%
0.1 Billion bbls
11%
0.9 Billion bbls
73%
EOR Expected Production from Eastern Desert
Candidatate for Chemical & Miscible EOR
ED
OOIP: 6 billion bbls
Remaining: 4.1
billion bbls
Candidatate for Thermal EOR
Residual Oil
0.1 Billion bbls
3%
1.3 Billion bbls
32%
2.7 Billion bbls
65%
EOR Expected Production from Gulf of Suez
Candidatate for Chemical & Miscible EOR
GS
OOIP: 17.5 billion bbls
Remaining: 9.3 billion
bbls
Candidatate for Thermal EOR
Residual Oil
1.3 Billion bbls
14%
7.8 Billion bbls
84%
0.2 Billion bbls
2%
EOR Expected Production from Egypt
Candidatate for Chemical & Miscible EOR
TOTAL
OOIP: 25.2 billion bbls
Remaining: 14.7 billion
bbls
Candidatate for Thermal EOR
Residual Oil
1.6 Billion bbls
11%
11.5 Billion bbls
78%
1.6 Billion bbls
11%
EOR Expected Production from Egypt
Total EOR
Expected
Production
Recovery
Factor
Increases
3.2 billion bbls
From 40% to
55 % of OOIP
Data Management
Preliminary Screening
Laboratory Studies
Simulation Study
Project Feasibility
Field Pilot Implementation
Pilot Performance Monitoring and Detailed Simulation Studies
Full Field Project Development and Implementation

Sedimentary rocks containing a high
proportion of seaweed organic matter.

Transformations of this material being
not complete, shale are rich in Kerogen.

Heat and pressure transformed the
materials into Oil.
Reserves in Egypt
Safaga
Quiser
Reserves in Egypt
 Safaga and Quiser
 Contain 9.1 Billion tons
 Geological reserves: 2.3 Billion bbls

Nile Valley
 Very large amounts compared to Safaga
& Quiser
 Shale
Oil is more accurately termed as oilbearing shale.
 Oil-bearing
shale contains oil (and some
gas), trapped in relatively low permeability
rock, commonly shale or tight siltstone
limestone or dolomite.
 These
rocks have been buried deeply enough
to convert part of their kerogen into oil.
Reserves in Egypt
Reserves in Egypt
Khatatba Shale
 Contains about 114 billion bbls of shale oil
in-place
4.6 billion bbls can be technically
recoverable shale oil


Gas that is trapped in its source rock

Shale gas is characterized by adsorbed
gas

Very low matrix permeability
Reserves in Egypt
Reserves in Egypt
 Approximately
 Expected
Recovery Factor is 20%
 Recoverable
Tcf
535 Tcf of Shale Gas in-place
Shale Gas is approximately100
Production Technologies
 Horizontal
drilling ( Multi-well pad drilling )
 Hydraulic fracturing

Low porosity and low permeability
sandstones

The pores are either irregularly distributed
or badly connected

In-situ permeability less than 0.10 md

Ultra tight gas reservoirs may have in-situ
permeability down to 0.001 md
Reserves in Egypt

Approximately 20 Tcf Gas in-place

Expected Recovery Factor is 25%

Recoverable Gas is approximately
5 Tcf
 The
gap between production and consumption is
increasing with time
 Unconventional methods:
EOR would increase the Egyptian production with
3.2 billion bbls
Oil Shale would increase the Egyptian production with
at least 2.3 billion bbls
Shale Oil would increase the Egyptian production with
at least 4.6 billion bbls
Shale Gas would increase the Egyptian production
with at least 100 Tcf
Tight Gas would increase the Egyptian production
with at least 5 Tcf

Conventional methods, alone, will
never plug that gap

Detailed studies are indispensible for
Unconventional Methods

Scientific research is important to bridge
the gap between consumption and
production

U.S. Energy Information Administration: June2013,
“Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas
Resources”, EIA/ARI World Shale Gas and Shale Oil
Resource Assessment, XVII. Egypt.

Koottungal, L., “2012 Worldwide EOR Survey,” OGJ, Apr.2,
2012, p.45

BP Statistical Review of World Energy: June 2013, p.6-22