1. health and fitness
2. disease
3. cancer

The American Urological Association Foundation
www.KnowYourStats.org
2
Table of Contents
About the American Urological
Association Foundation
The AUA Foundation is the world’s leading nonprofit
urological health foundation and the official Foundation
of the American Urological Association. Our goal is
to promote health, provide hope and promise a future
free of urologic disease, including cancer.
As the official foundation of the AUA, the professional
organization of approximately 18,000 urologists,
the AUA Foundation is the trusted public source for
the most accurate and current information relating to
urological health.
Knowledge is power.
By reading and learning
from this Playbook, you
are taking the first step
toward your Game Plan for
continued urologic health
and well-being. Monitor
your prostate health with
regular exams and a simple blood test. Knowing your
“stats” or baseline levels of prostate-specific antigen
(PSA) and having regular prostate exams will help
you keep track of changes and seek medical care for
problems that could put you on the sidelines – or take
you out of the game for good.
I.
Pregame Preparation
Pg. 2
II.
What is Prostate Cancer Screening?
Pg. 4
III. What is Enlarged Prostate?
Pg. 7
IV.
What is Prostatitis?
Pg. 9
V.
What is Prostate Cancer?
Pg. 10
VI.
What are the Treatment Options?
Pg. 12
VII. What is Incontinence?
Pg. 13
VIII. What is Sexual Health?
Pg. 14
IX. Glossary/Definitions
Pg. 15
X.
Pg. 16
Post-Game Wrap Up
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1
The Know Your Stats About Prostate Cancer® campaign, a
collaboration between the AUA Foundation and the National
Football League, has already touched 300 million men and
their families. Through a national conversation about prostate
cancer risk, diagnosis, treatment, and for some, learning
to live with the disease and its aftermath, this campaign is
making a difference for the more than 200,000 American
men who will be diagnosed every year.
Through the example of our favorite heroes of football, these
larger-than-life athletes like Pro Football Hall of Famer and
prostate cancer survivor Mike Haynes, Know Your Stats has
been a lifeline for men who don’t know their risk, or have
already learned that they suffer from prostate cancer, a
disease that kills more men each year than almost any other
cancer. Beginning at age 40, all men should work with their
doctor to establish a baseline, and track their risk together.
As a national spokesperson for the campaign, Mike
participates in media interviews across the country to
raise awareness of prostate cancer stats. One in six men
will develop prostate cancer in their lifetime (for AfricanAmericans like Mike it’s one in three). Mike’s story gives hope
to those diagnosed and in treatment. Mike and his Team
Haynes members work together to get this powerful message
out to men everywhere.
After reading this Playbook, go to KnowYourStats.org to learn
more and find an event taking place near you. Throughout
the football season, hospitals and doctors’ offices across the
country are hosting screenings and educational events to help
local families learn about this devastating disease.
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Pregame Preparation:
What should you know
about your prostate?
Prostate health — much like success in football — depends primarily upon key members
of the team. In prostate health, the urologist is your head coach, the leader of your
healthcare team, which also includes you, your family and your friends working together
to design and execute a game plan that best suits your needs.
Any football fan or player knows the best offense is a good defense. Learning
about your prostate can help you know your opponent and give you the best
plays to keep you off the sidelines and in the game — the game of life, that is.
Only men have a prostate.* Part of the male reproductive system, the prostate is located
just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the urethra, the tube that
carries urine from the bladder and semen through the penis and out of the body. The
prostate’s main job is to help create semen — the fluid that helps protect and energize
the sperm — by producing ejaculatory fluid. Think of semen as the offensive line. As
the sperm run into the end zone, where the female egg is waiting, the semen protects
the sperm so they can fertilize the egg and form a new life — touchdown! The seminal
vesicles, located next to the prostate, also add fluid to semen. The most common
prostate health problems are non-cancerous enlarged prostate (benign prostatic
hyperplasia, or BPH), inflammatory disease (prostatitis) and prostate cancer.
Because of its location inside the pelvis, there are no simple self-exams for men to check
their own prostate. Doctors use two tests to monitor prostate health: the digital rectal
examination (DRE) and a blood test called prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The American
Urological Association (AUA) recommends that early detection and risk assessment of
prostate cancer should be offered to men 40 years of age or older. Your baseline PSA
value in your 40s can then be used to compare with future PSA tests to help identify
life-threatening prostate cancer.
*All words that appear in italics are explained in the glossary.
More than 33,000 men die
each year from prostate
cancer in the United States.
www.KnowYourStats.org
3
What is the PSA test?
This blood test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in
the blood. Very little PSA is found in the blood of a man with a completely
healthy prostate. Keeping your opponent’s score low is the name of the
game and a low PSA is better for prostate health. A rapid rise in PSA (known
as velocity) may be a sign that something is wrong. One possible cause of a
high PSA level is enlargement of the prostate. Inflammation of the prostate,
called prostatitis, is another possible cause. Prostate cancer is the most
serious cause of an increased PSA level. You should know your PSA score and
discuss changes with your doctor so you can stay on top of your game.
The male urinary tract. The prostate
surrounds the urethra, through which
urine leaves the bladder.
Image provided courtesy of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
What is the DRE?
During the DRE, the doctor inserts a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum.
He or she feels for abnormal size, shape or consistency in the prostate. The
DRE can help the doctor decide if a man has an enlarged prostate or other
prostate problems. However, the DRE by itself is not the only way to detect
prostate cancer. A man should also have a PSA test.
Digital rectal exam (DRE).
4
Image provided courtesy of National Institute of Diabetes and
Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
www.KnowYourStats.org
More than 200,000 men
in the United States will be
diagnosed with prostate
cancer this year.
AUA International Prostate Symptom Score Index
Total score: 0–7 mildly symptomatic; 8–19 moderately symptomatic; 20-35 severely symptomatic.
Not at all
Less than
1 time in 5
Less than
half the time
About half
the time
More than
half the time
Almost
always
Incomplete emptying — Over the past month, how often have you had a
sensation of not emptying your bladder completely?
0
1
2
3
4
5
Frequency — Over the past month, how often have you had to urinate
again less than two hours after you finished urinating?
0
1
2
3
4
5
Intermittency — Over the past month, how often have you found you
stopped and started again several times when you urinated?
0
1
2
3
4
5
Urgency — Over the last month, how difficult have you found it
to postpone urination?
0
1
2
3
4
5
Weak stream — Over the past month, how often have you had a weak
urinary stream?
0
1
2
3
4
5
Straining — Over the past month, how often have you had to push or
strain to begin urination?
0
1
2
3
4
5
None
1 time
2 times
3 times
4 times
5 times or
more
0
1
2
3
4
5
Delighted
Pleased
Mostly
satisfied
Mixed:
about equally
satisfied
and
dissatisfied
Mostly
dissatisfied
Unhappy
Terrible
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Nocturia — Over the past month, how many times on average did you
typically get up to urinate, from when you went to bed until you got up
in the morning?
Your
score
Your
score
Total IPSS score
Quality of life due to urinary symptoms
If you were to spend the rest of your life with your urinary condition
the way it is now, how would you feel about that?
6
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Enlarged Prostate
The prostate may become larger and start to cause problems as a man ages. Enlarged prostate is also known as benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The prostate of a 50-year-old man weighs about 20 to 30 grams and is about the size of
a walnut or golf ball; however, it may grow to 50 to 100 grams (almost the size of a baseball) or more. As the prostate
enlarges, it can squeeze the urethra, which can cause some men to experience lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS),
including symptoms from the International Prostate Symptom Score Index on the previous page.
Who is at risk for enlarged prostate?
Aging is the biggest known risk factor for an enlarged prostate. Clinical
trials suggest that family history, obesity and high blood sugar could also be
risk factors.
How is an enlarged prostate diagnosed?
The American Urological Association (AUA) designed a series of questions to
determine how often symptoms occur. The International Prostate Symptom
Score Index, on the previous page, helps doctors measure the problems
caused by an enlarged prostate, ranging from mild to severe.
Side view drawing of the male
urinary tract, showing the prostate.
Image provided courtesy of National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
When a doctor checks a man for an enlarged prostate, he or she takes a
thorough medical history. The doctor performs a physical exam, including a
DRE. He or she may also ask questions from the AUA International Prostate
Symptom Score Index. The doctor will often do a urine test called a urinalysis
and may offer to conduct other medical tests, including the PSA blood test,
for a man who may have an enlarged prostate.
When should a man see a urologist about
an enlarged prostate?
A man should see a doctor if he has any of the symptoms mentioned
previously. In addition, he should see a doctor immediately if he has blood in
his urine, pain or burning with urination or is unable to urinate. An enlarged
prostate is not cancer and cannot lead to cancer, although both conditions
can exist together. There may not be any symptoms during the early stages
of prostate cancer; therefore, yearly physical examinations and PSA tests are
highly recommended.
What is the game plan to treat enlarged
prostate problems?
As men age, enlarged prostates can get worse. Knowing if you have an
enlarged prostate can help your game plan. An enlarged prostate can lead to
bladder damage, infection and even kidney damage. A doctor will examine
a man with an enlarged prostate to determine the best treatment options.
One way to tackle an enlarged prostate may include medication. If medication
does not work, some minimally invasive options and surgical procedures may
help with the lower urinary tract symptoms. If the symptoms do not improve
after treatment, men should consult their doctor to determine if a different
issue might be causing their symptoms.
www.KnowYourStats.org
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Researchers estimate that
10–12% of men experience
prostatitis-like symptoms.
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Prostatitis
Occurring mostly in young and middle-aged men, prostatitis is a common and painful disease of the
prostate gland and its surrounding structures. Although prostatitis is not the end of the game, it can put
any player on the sidelines. Doctors may have difficulty diagnosing prostatitis because the symptoms are not the same
for every man. Many of the symptoms — such as painful or burning urination and incomplete
emptying of the bladder — could be signs of another disease. Researchers estimate that 10–12%
of men experience prostatitis-like symptoms.
How is prostatitis diagnosed?
Although the term prostatitis means inflammation of the prostate, doctors
use the term to describe four different disorders. It can be chronic, and
keep coming back. It can also be acute, and come on suddenly. Some cases
of prostatitis are caused by bacteria. For some men, the cause of their
prostatitis is not known.
What is the game plan to treat
prostatitis?
The treatment is different for the different types of prostatitis disorders. It
is important to make sure other conditions — such as urethritis, cystitis, an
enlarged prostate, or cancer — are not causing the symptoms. To help make
an accurate diagnosis, several types of examinations are useful. These
include a DRE and PSA.
A prostate infection can raise your PSA level. The doctor may also analyze
samples of urine and prostatic fluid for signs of inflammation and
infection. These samples may help the urologist determine whether the
problem is inflammation or infection and whether the problem is in the
urethra, bladder or prostate. The urologist may use cystoscopy — passing
a small telescope through the urethra to see inside the urethra, prostate
and bladder. The urologist may also order urine flow studies, which help
measure the strength of your urine flow and any blockage caused by the
prostate, urethra or pelvic muscles.
The treatment recommended often depends on the type of prostatitis a
man has. For many men with prostatitis, the urologist may give antibiotics.
Depending on his symptoms, a man may receive other treatments as
well. Although prostatitis may place you on the sidelines, it is not life
threatening. Treatments are available once you are diagnosed.
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Prostate Cancer
This year more than 200,000 American men will learn they have prostate cancer — more than twice the number of
fans who could fit in FedEx Field, home of the NFL Washington Redskins! Sometimes this cancer can be small,
slow growing, and of limited risk to the patient. Other prostate cancers may threaten a man’s well-being or life.
More than 33,000 men die each year from prostate cancer in the United States.
What are the causes and risks of prostate
cancer?
Although prostate cancer is rare before age 40, the risk increases with age.
One in six men in the United States faces a diagnosis of prostate cancer in his
lifetime. Researchers are still studying what causes prostate cancer, but men
with a close family member (father, brother, or uncle) and those with a high
intake of fat in their diets are at a greater risk of getting prostate cancer. Most
doctors agree that, if you do things that are heart healthy, you will also help
keep your prostate healthy. Eating right, exercising, watching your weight and
not smoking can improve men’s health and help them stay in the game.
What are the symptoms of prostate
cancer?
In the early stage, prostate cancer often causes no symptoms. When
symptoms do occur, they may include any of the following: dull pain in the lower
pelvic area; frequent urination; problems with urination, such as the inability
to urinate, pain, burning, or weakened urine flow; blood in the urine or semen;
painful ejaculation; general pain in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs; loss of
appetite and/or weight; and persistent bone pain. Some of the symptoms can
be similar to those of BPH, so it is very important to have a PSA and DRE when
you have such symptoms.
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
The PSA and DRE are the main methods for screening for prostate cancer
(see page 4). Based on 2009 recommendations from the American Urological
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Association, men should be offered a baseline PSA and DRE starting at age
40. Each man should talk to his doctor about his risk factors and the best
screening schedule for him. Just as knowing the score and time in football
games leads to a particular game plan, knowing your PSA “score” will help
you identify changes in your PSA that may indicate prostate problems —
including cancer.
If the PSA and/or DRE suggest further testing, a prostate biopsy is the next
step for diagnosing prostate cancer. The biopsy removes small pieces of
prostate tissue. A pathologist, a physician who examines human tissue to see
whether it is normal or diseased, examines the prostate tissue to confirm
if cancer is present. If cancer is detected, the pathologist will also grade the
tumor. The grade indicates the tumor’s degree of aggressiveness — that is,
how quickly it is likely to grow and spread.
What is the game plan to treat prostate
cancer?
There are many treatment game plans for men with prostate cancer. Like going
for it on fourth down, you and your healthcare team must examine the risks
associated with each treatment and determine the most effective play for you
to win. The best option for each man depends on various factors, including
age, overall health, stage and grade of the cancer, and personal preferences.
Just as a head coach must prepare a separate game plan for every opposing
team, prostate cancer patients are treated differently depending upon the
characteristics of both themselves and their disease. Once diagnosed, men
should discuss their treatment options with their healthcare team.
1 in 6 men will be
diagnosed with
prostate cancer
in his lifetime.
Choosing a Treatment
Your treatment choice should be based on your personal health and thoroughly discussed with your physician and
family. While treatment choices vary, every year more men are surviving prostate cancer and winning back their
lives. Prostate cancer can be a manageable disease if caught early and treated appropriately.
What is the game plan to treat prostate cancer?
Active surveillance, or “watchful waiting,” is monitoring the cancer via
PSA, DRE and possible biopsies on a regular basis. Your prostate cancer may
never become life-threatening and you may not need immediate treatment.
This treatment allows men to maintain their quality of life. It is a suitable
option for men not experiencing symptoms, when the cancer is not expected
to grow at an aggressive rate and for older men and/or men who have other
serious health conditions.
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays or particles to kill cancer cells.
An initial treatment for cancer still confined within the prostate or only
spread to nearby tissue, radiation therapy is also used if the cancer is not
completely removed or returns after surgery. Imaging tests are performed to
determine the exact location of the tumor. There are two forms: interstitial
brachytherapy and external beam radiation.
Radical Prostatectomy is the surgical removal of the entire prostate,
the seminal vesicles, the immediate surrounding tissue and some of the
associated lymph nodes. Cancer cells may be scattered throughout the
prostate gland in an unpredictable way, thus the entire prostate must be
removed. There are several types of radical prostatectomy procedures, which
include: retropubic open radical prostatectomy, perineal prostatectomy,
robotic-assisted prostatectomy and laparoscopic prostatectomy.
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Cryotherapy freezes the prostate to destroy cancer cells. During cryosurgery,
your doctor places small needles into the prostate. A cold gas is placed into
the needles, freezing the prostate tumor and surrounding tissues. After
each freezing process (there are usually two), the tissue is able to thaw; this
repeated freezing and thawing cycle kills the cancer cells.
Hormonal therapy uses medications to lower testosterone and can stop
or slow the growth of prostate cancer in the prostate or other organs in the
body. Chemotherapy drugs may destroy prostate cancer cells that have
spread. Hormone therapy and chemotherapy are most often used as a
method of reducing prostate cancer growth and minimizing prostate cancerrelated symptoms.
After treatment, you may feel like you ran into the end zone while scoring the
game-winning touchdown – very emotional and potentially exhilarated. You
could also feel anxious with thoughts of recurrence. Whatever you’re feeling,
talk to your doctor about any issues you may have so you can work together
as a team. Now that you know your stats about the disease, and you’ve
developed a solid game plan with your doctor, it’s time to plan out your
defense for any side effects of treatment.
Life After Prostate Cancer
Incontinence is the inability to control your urine. After prostate cancer treatment, you may experience leakage or
dribbling of urine. While this is very common, being incontinent can affect your physical and emotional recovery.
What are the different types of
incontinence?
There are several types of incontinence. Stress incontinence, the most
common, is urine leakage when coughing, laughing, sneezing or even
exercising. It is caused by problems with the muscular valve that keeps urine
in the bladder (the bladder sphincter). Prostate cancer surgery or radiation
may irritate or compromise the muscles that form this valve or the nerves
that keep the muscles working. Overflow incontinence occurs when you
are not able to empty the bladder completely. You may find yourself taking
longer to urinate, and when you do, it is not a powerful stream. This can
occur because of a blockage or narrowing of the bladder outlet caused by
scar tissue. Men with urge incontinence have a sudden need to go to the
bathroom and pass urine even when the bladder is not full because the
bladder has become overly sensitive. Mixed incontinence is a combination
of stress and urge incontinence with symptoms from both types. While
uncommon, some men can experience continuous incontinence, the inability
to control urine at anytime.
How long can incontinence last after
treatment?
After surgery or radiation, improvement in urine control can take several
weeks to several months. It varies from patient to patient, and your particular
recovery could be quick or slow. You should talk to your doctor about what to
expect after treatment.
What is the game plan to treat
incontinence?
Treatment is based on numerous factors, including the type and severity
of your incontinence. While you may feel embarrassed, it is a common
occurrence and can be treated; you can potentially regain complete control
and get back into the game.
Before and after treatment, you may be told to perform Kegel exercises,
which help to strengthen your bladder control muscles. These exercises
involve tensing and relaxing certain pelvic floor muscles. You may need to
modify your diet, liquid intake and medications to decrease your urination
frequency.
For more short-term options, your urologist may prescribe medications
that affect the nerves and muscles around the bladder, helping to maintain
better control. Neuromuscular electrical stimulations can strengthen bladder
muscles. A long-term treatment option is additional surgery. Surgery can
consist of injecting collagen (a natural protein) into the bladder opening and
urethra to tighten the bladder sphincter, surgically implanting a small device
called a urethral sling to tighten the bladder neck, or an artificial sphincter,
which is a device used to control urination.
If your incontinence is not adequately managed with these options, talk with
your urologist and create a game plan. There are a wide variety of products
such as adult undergarments available to help you cope with this condition.
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Life After Prostate Cancer
Now you have completed treatment, and it is time to begin thinking about the post-season. Maintaining a good
sexual lifestyle is important not only for your health but also for the health of your relationship with your partner.
While erectile dysfunction (ED) is common after treatment, it can be treated.
What causes erectile dysfunction after
prostate cancer treatment?
What is the game plan to treat erectile
dysfunction?
Surgeries may cause damage to nerve bundles that control blood flow to
the penis, causing ED. Nerves that are involved in an erection surround the
prostate gland; and, while most surgeons try to perform a nerve-sparing
procedure, saving the nerves from damage is not always possible. The cancer
may have spread, encompassing the nerves and making it necessary to
remove them. Once the nerves are damaged or removed, the signal that is
sent from the brain to the penis to stimulate erections is lost.
To get the maximum benefit from treatment, it is important to be able to
clearly communicate not only with your doctor but your partner, who is an
important part of your team.
In addition, there could be a decreased amount of blood flowing to the
penis post-treatment. During surgery, the blood vessels that supply blood
to the penis to help it engorge during arousal are damaged. While blood
will still flow to the penis, it may not be enough to create an erect penis for
penetration.
How long can ED last after treatment?
Men can experience ED issues for varying periods of time. However, the
ability to recover is partially dependent on sexual performance before
surgery, as well as the type of treatment. It is important to know some men
may regain full ability after surgery, but many men will not. If you are having
trouble, do not feel embarrassed. Your doctor can provide you with a variety
of treatment options for your playbook.
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Oral medications are generally the first line of treatment for ED by improving
blood flow to the penis. Vacuum pumps are mechanical devices used to
create an erection. Medical injections are used to allow for more blood flow,
which creates an erection. Your doctor can help you decide which option is
best for you. If ED persists, a permanent penile implant may be an option.
This surgical procedure places a device in the erectile tissue of the penis.
There are two types of implants and, depending on your need, your doctor
can help determine which one is best for you.
If any of these treatment options are necessary, your urologist will help
you decide on the best choice for a game-winning season. What is most
important to remember is that there are options that can work for every
patient. In order to achieve better sexual health, you should have an open
and honest conversation with your doctor.
The Prostate Health Playbook Glossary
Active surveillance/watchful waiting: Monitoring the
cancer via PSA, DRE and biopsies on a regular basis
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): An enlarged
prostate not caused by cancer. BPH can cause
problems with urination because the prostate
squeezes the urethra at the opening of the bladder
Biopsy: A tiny piece of prostate tissue is removed for
examination under a microscope to determine if cancer
or other abnormal cells are present
Bladder: The balloon-shaped pouch of thin, flexible
muscle in which urine is temporarily stored before
being discharged through the urethra
Chemotherapy: The use of medications to destroy
prostate cancer cells
Cystitis: Urinary tract infection that causes
inflammation of the bladder and results in pain and a
burning feeling in the pelvis or urethra
Cystoscopy: An examination using a narrow, flexible
tube-like instrument passed through the urethra to
examine the bladder and urinary tract for structural
abnormalities or obstructions, such as tumors or
stones
Cryotherapy: Destruction of prostate cancer cells
through freezing
Digital rectal examination (DRE): The insertion of a
gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the
prostate and check for any abnormalities
Ejaculation: Release of semen from the penis during
sexual climax
Erectile dysfunction: The inability to achieve or
maintain an erection
Incontinence: Leakage of urine. There are various
types: stress, overflow, urge, mixed and continuous
Hormonal therapy: Use of medications to lower
testosterone to stop or slow the growth of prostate
cancer
Kegel exercises: Exercises to strengthen bladder
control by tensing and relaxing certain pelvic floor
muscles
Lymph nodes: Rounded masses of tissue that
produce cells to fight foreign agents invading the body
Nerve-sparing procedure: Surgical technique to avoid
damaging the nerve bundles surrounding the prostate
which control blood flow to the penis
Pathologist: Scientist skilled in identifying the cause
and progress of diseases by examining tissue and fluid
from the body
Pelvic: Relating to, involving or located in or near the
pelvis
Penis: The male organ used for urination and sex
Prostate: In men, a walnut-shaped gland that
surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder. The
prostate supplies fluid that goes into semen
Prostatitis: Inflammation or infection of the
prostate. Chronic prostatitis refers to the repeated
inflammation of the prostate
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA): A protein made only
by the prostate. High levels of PSA in the blood may be
a sign of prostate cancer
Radiation therapy: Use of radiation to treat prostate
cancer; two options include brachytherapy (small
radioactive “seeds” implanted in the prostate) and
external beam radiation (carefully-targeted beams to
treat the prostate)
Radical prostectomy: Surgery to remove the
entire prostate and cancerous tissues; includes two
approaches: retropubic and perineal
Rectum: The lower part of the large intestine, ending
in the anal opening
Recurrence: The return of cancer after treatment in
the same location or another part of the body
Semen: Also known as seminal fluid or ejaculate fluid
Seminal vesicles: Produce fluid to provide sperm with
a source of energy to help it move. This fluid makes up
most of the volume of a man’s semen
Sperm: Also referred to as spermatozoa. Male
reproductive cells produced by the testicles that are
capable of fertilizing the female partner’s eggs
Tissue: Group of cells in an organism that is similar in
form and function
Tumor: An abnormal mass of tissue or growth of cells
Urethra: In males, this narrow tube carries urine from
the bladder to the outside of the body; it also serves
as the channel through which semen is ejaculated.
Extends from the bladder to the tip of the penis
Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra
Urinalysis: Examination of urine to assess general
health of the body
Urinary tract: System that takes waste from the
blood and carries it out of the body in the form of
urine. Passageway from the kidneys to the ureters,
bladder and urethra
Urinate: To excrete urine
Urine: Liquid waste product filtered from the blood by
the kidneys, stored in the bladder and expelled from
the body through the urethra by the act of urinating
(voiding)
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15
POST-Game Wrap Up
Prostate health is important for all men. Winning the battle against prostate diseases involves a team approach.
With a solid head coach (urologist) leading the way and a team made up of healthcare workers and your family
and friends, you will be on the path to victory. When a prostate problem arises, be sure to huddle up with your
entire team, move into formation, and keep your head up as you advance toward your ultimate treatment option,
leading to a cure … touchdown and the extra point!
The American Urological Association Foundation
The AUA Foundation provides this information based on current medical and
scientific knowledge. This information is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute
for professional medical advice and should not be used or relied upon for such
purposes. Please see your urologist or other healthcare provider regarding any health
concerns, and always consult a healthcare professional before you start or stop any
treatments, including medications.
Please go to our Web site — www.KnowYourStats.org — or call the National Urology
Health Line at 1-800-828-7866 for more information about prostate or other
urological health concerns.
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Notes
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17
Any football fan knows the best offense is a good defense.
The American Urological Association Foundation
Prostate Health PLAYBOOK
Now that you have been informed, please help us get
the word out in your community! The AUA Foundation
is committed to helping the one in six men who will
develop prostate cancer in their lifetime. One in six — that
means that one of your friends may already be facing a
future with prostate cancer. Please help today by making
a donation in support of this vital educational outreach
program.
For more information, contact the AUA Foundation
1000 Corporate Blvd.
Linthicum, MD 21090
Urology Health Line: 1-800-828-7866
www.UrologyHealth.org
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© 2011 AUA Foundation. All rights reserved. The American Urological Association Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Donations made to the foundation are tax deductible to the fullest extent of the law.
Patient resources supported by an educational grant from American Medical Systems, Inc.