1. food and drink
2. food
3. candy and sweets

SWEET
PEAS
AND
HOW
TO
H.
Editor
of
"
"The
THOMAS
Gardener^'
Author
in
NUMEROUS
PHOTOGRAPHS
CASSELL
London,
AND
New
THEM
H.
Gardening
WITH
GROW
York,
Town
and
of
"Little
Subtirb,"
ILLUSTRATIONS
AND
FROM
SKETCHES
LIMITED
COMPANY,
Toronto
1909
Gardens^'
etc.
and
Melbourne
3
'"/y
413
c,
c?
T-tS"!
F\.%.^'^"5^'^G
ALI,
RIGHTS
RESERVED
PREFACE
If
the
is
a
is queen
rose
of
princess
high
she
flowers, then
summer
second
;
only
advantages
possesses
the
to
in
rose
which
to
surely the
the
Sweet
popular
other
is
flowers
to
Pea
tion,
estima-
stranger.
a
,
Peas
Sweet
how
few
makes
a
they
grow
them
fresh
start
with
according
them
beauty
all
absurdly
are
every
A
!
short
plant,
in
is
soon
one
quickly
and
varying
and
treatment,
and
how
months
yet
grow,
cheap,
And
year.
few
lissom
a
its
to
of
They
!
becomes
insignificant seed
vigour
well
fullest
to
come
easiest
the
among
are
lo ! the
height
and
smothered
in
has
to
blossom
.
become
To
the
appreciate
need
they
In
and
the
Pea
soil
a
in
them
this
where
worst
and
is not
How
to
as
the
guide
unwary,
point
the
Grow
way
seem,
to
while
they
a
Pea
the
how
are
but
the
the
the
growers
short,
tediousness
you
full
it
the
1909.
bye-
direction.
cuts, for,
"
the
directions
endeavours
the
Sweet
(without
pitfalls
of
discard
seductive
short
maxims
and
choice,
Sweet
failure.
to
stint
!
to
for
to
that
going,
act
beset
and
issue,
B. n.
Janwvry,
;
ofiended
wrong
no
lures
indicating
"
and
rich
a
successful
to
take
to
them
difiicult
as
in
plainly,
bewildering
a
way
first
more
pleasing
are,
taken
and
In
journey.
successful
of
has
contains
Them,"
away
step
well
start
inexperienced,
to
"
may
to
tire
grower
it
put
baffling cross-roads
a
one
Give
they
Thus
retrace
to
lover's
the
to
its
without
to
;
it is almost
best.
famous, Sweet
of
Pea
Sweet
the
then,
these
as
the
beautiful
are
hard
it is
sulky
how
Peas
manured.
to
never
seem
of varieties
choose
to
as
well
and
and
Sweet
vivants
hons
are
dug
they
many
so
moralisings)
the
and
important,
tempting
Peas
deeply
of
grower
they
particular,
growing
is
that
selection
the
lanes, and
It
fact
ground
feeding
successful
a
T.
to
CLAY'S FERTILIZER
PRODUCES
PEAS
SWEET
IN
PERFECTION
PROFUSION
AND
AND
IS
A
FOOD
PLANT
OF
MERIT
STERLING
ALL
FOR
Flowers,Fruits,Vegetablesand
ST
It
IS
is used
and
by Qovernment
Horticulturists
pVAV^
LASTING.
anil
QUICK
SAFE,
Local
Foliage.
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throughout
and
by
World.
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;i
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"
STRATFORD,
Face
Contents]
the
(except
LIST
Mark.
^^
^^
^^
PEAS
WRIGHT,
F.R.H.S.,
GARDENING
all Horticultural
Containing Instructions upon
Topics
Bound
in
Edition, Illustrated,Enlarged and Revised.
or
Trade
^^
SWEET
on
J.
bears
CLAY'S SUCCESSFUL
Write
in
Order
with
*^*^- T^^"^)"
MARK.
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from
By Eminent
Writers.
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SON,
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MANUFACTURERS.
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"c.
E.
^"
C.ONTENTS
1.
The
2.
Sweet
3.
How
4.
The
5.
Sweet
6.
A
of
Story
Peas
the
for
Grow
to
Peas
Pea
Home
Peas
Guide
about
for
Exhibition
Sweet
to
House
for
Garden
and
Sweet
Beginner's
Chat
Sweet
and
Pea
Table
Growing
Decoration
Varieties
....
7.
Raising
New
Sweet
Peas
....
for
8.
"Don'ts"
9.
Sweet
Peas
Sweet
Pea
10.
Sweet
in
Pea
Growers
Suburban
Trials
and
in
Gardens"
Troubles
A
"
Tubs
Chapter
and
of
Boxes
Replies
to
Questions
11.
Sweet
Autumn-Sown
From
Peas
Pots
How
Grow
to
Sweet
Peas
in
Pots
"
"
Winter
Sowing
Cuttings"
"
in
and
Cupid
Flowering
84
.
12.
Insect
Pests
and
Diseases
.
103
.
...
ECKFORtfS^
SWEET
GU)^T
PEAS
Geivuiive oivly- D
SWEET
When
it cost
no
than
the
to
i.CKFOi-D
-from
fVrile
VILLA
List
for
of
for
"Special
1909;
it
suiEaMt
varielies,
lV,r,-:.,h)biLion,s-'^'t.IvmI
VILLA
lJooklc\
50 seeds
cJi'.K.i;
cut line
ol ejch
2/9
"
/)(// f'inliL-iilais
Sh'LCt
u/
I'ms,
given
oydo.
CDCp
Send
1
oured
I\L.I_,
5/6
"
suital'le
varieties,
exlDibition,
'..'illievery
r.-icli
COLLECTION
(C)
splendid
the
is
free.
COLLECTION
(E)
splendid
A
but
only
are
obtained
sent
cii
direct
Wcm.
Novelties
lr"r
show
scrd^;
y-'ur
Postcard
a
Illustrated
for
and
It
"]r'-criptive Catalogue.
Wntu
io-day.
[Kt.L hco.
HENRY
is
ECKFORD,
F.R.H.S.,
The
1
|
NOVELTIES
1909
12
does
poor
send
w/hon
g^enuine
direct
24
a
they
ember
n-"
no
neither
best
very
f""ir
grow
display
takes
space,
cultivate,
more
any
obtain
Peas
superb
A
more
to
To
re
Sweet
best.
time
more
PEAS
growing
the
only
occupies
feci
t
Sti^eet
WEM,
Pea
Specialist,
Shropshire.
Cnlfull
sent
/romWem'
SWEET
AND
PEAS
HOW
TO
CHAPTER
The
opening
The
island
of
of
its
Sicily
lovely
this
in
the
to
hundred
from
zeal
But
the
scarcely
a
intrinsic
beauty
flower
had
be
to
form
in
unbiassed
an
the
countless
the
its
finder.
ardent
delight in the
took
the
knew
tremendous
flower
petalled
the
should
be
Sweet
world
of
for
fresh
grown
in
as
he,
an
plants,
little he
How
gardening
to
Pea
small-blossomed,
poor,
are
position
a
1
the
Peas
that
treasure
its
centuries
doubt
out
was
as
grow
two
wild
can
look
new
his
in
play
to
was
on
of this
which
part
the
far
Sweet
the
who
For
always
discovery
of
eager
it
so
scarcely in
are
merits
monk,
found
found
Cupani
for
an
was
wish, still
we
exquisite
we
the
Italian
an
ecstasies
if
may,
most
of
opinion
of
we
the
records
indebted
Cupani
into
in
laid
are
calling,
Father
that
variety,
happy
eye
botanist,[one who
was
it met
his
of
as
we
Cupani,
discoverer
odoratus)
when
Nowadays,
ago.
period, and
is
authentic
Our
ago.
others
its
Pea
Sweet
Francis
concerned, for
was
species {Lathi/rvs
same
that
Pea
send
the
years
many
Pea
Sweet
of
of Father
Sweet
to
the
story
two
with
common
botanist.
the
date
some
flower
discovery
who,
in
scene
I
of
Story
THEM
GROW
purplethat
!
"
in
,
the
twentieth
Kingdom,
United
of
its
become
found
America,
interests
a
"
an
in
attempting
and
to
restore
order
number
of
itself
this
and
Perhaps
Pea
; and
B
to
reduce
sorts
no
the
of
one
flower
last
a
record
which
has
is
any
a
more
chapter is
not
something
still
of
greater
marvellous
flower
the
society
overwhelming
there
with
a
may
in
garden
every
in
distant
chief
number
like
states
work
of
of
lies
mense
im-
an
names
activity speaks
be
to
varieties
chaos,
number
the
solely
devoted
relate, whose
to
the
where
flower
have
and
industry,
progressive
is
a
favourite
society, wonderful
now
surely
it
century
"
for
proud.
fascinating story than
yet in sight. Exactly
the
how,
Sweet
when,
SWEET
2
and
where
the
know.
never
"Historia,"
it there ;
found
it.
worthj' monk
the wild
discovered
be that he
But
it does
not
did
not
shall
we
Bauhin's
John
of
is mention
until he
of its existence
know
thing that is of
The
matter.
Pea
Sweet
It may
be that he had
read of it in
which
was
already published, for there
it may
or
PEAS
consequence
bid fair to
wilding
be eternrival the Eose in popularity,andfall Sweet
ally
Pea lovers must
indebted
No mundane
to him.
pedestal marks the inestimable
of flowers,
benefit which
the world
Father
Cupani conferred
upon
is that
but
Cupani
all devotees
memory,
a
as
raised
have
Pea
Sweet
of silent admiration
time
Hies
first found
monument
a
but
that
to
strengthens
his
and
by.
England.
in
Cultivation
Pea
Sweet
of the
descendants
whose
this
monument
consolidates
First
found
its way
read
paper
to
"
is
It
Britain
in
believed
the
year
that
1700.
the
In
Eoyal Society, said that
the seed was
sent
to Dr. Uvedale
who, in his garden at Enfield, had
number
in
of rare
and curious plants from foreign parts. It was
a
of one
of the
Dr. Uvedale's
garden that Dr. Plunkenet, author
of the day saw
the famous
herbals
Lnthyrus odorntiis,forerunner
Events
marched
of the twentieth
slowly in the
century Sweet Peas.
eighteenth century and it was not until 1730 that Philip ;\liller(then
led
at Chelsea) was
gardener to the Worshipful Company of Gardeners
1713
to
Dr.
make
Petiver,in
an
Miller
a
about
announcement
had
before
the
the Sicilian Sweet
it
Pea.
to
say
the
century before
towards
the
Sweet
we
Pea.
seedsman, of 15:2,Fleet
find
It
was
that
even
of little interest.
seems
now
concerning
the
of
Apparently
eighteenth century
gardeners
in the flower,for there is no
recorded
advance
wait
until the dawn
development or popularity. We
what
But
increased
about
attention
this time
Street, London, issued
that
saw
bilities
possi-
no
either
of
was
John
in its
the
teenth
nine-
directed
Mason,
catalogue in which
the Sweet
Pea is mentioned.
Mawe's
Gardener," also published in
the year 1800 or 1801, throws a little more
lighton the subject. Annual
flowers are
there grouped in three sections,and the Sweet
Pea finds
in
the
third section, which
contained
the commonest
a place
and
hardiest
flowers.
In Page's "Prudomus,"
published in 1817, six
varieties of the Sweet
Pea were
mentioned
white, scarlet,purple,
Painted Lady."
The latter is described
black,stripedand
as
having
scarlet standard
with
white
a
and
keel.
In
1842
wings
James
six varieties.
Carter, seedsman, also enumerated
It was
not
until
that Carterjott'ered
1860
nine varieties, among
them
being a blvie
edged one,
"
"
"
a
STORY
Eckford's
were
Great.
the
on
Crown
OP
Work.
market
Princess
THE
and
SWEET
Twelve
"
several
PEA
later
years
had
3
twelve
varieties
distinguishingnames
:
"
e.g.
Black ; Invincible
Prussia, blush ; Invincible
White
Scarlet,and Invincible Striped. There Avas little
; Invincible
further
until Mr. Henry Eckford, whose
will ever
be
name
progress
with
in
the
world
of
to
his
work
conjure
one
flowers,began
great
of cross-breeding the Sweet
laid
and
the
foundation
of the
Pea,
wonderful
He
it
the
work
developments which have since taken place in the
who
it possiblefor succeeding hybridists to
made
was
of
and
improvement
the
Although
odoratus
of
this
to
marked
1700
year
country, it
did the Sweet
that
development
the
introduction
said
be
may
is still
with
of
truth
that
flower.
pursue
going on.
Lathyrus
until
not
much
promise of becoming a power
then
garden
was
Henry
gardener to
among
Dr. Sankey at Boreatton
of
at the improvement
Park, and he worked
Pea persistently,
the Sweet
skilfullyand methodically. In 1885 Mr.
Eckford
brought out Princess of Wales and Indigo King, and in the
followed
in quick sucOthers
following year Orange Prince.
cession.
In
Boreatton
and
1887
1893
came
Apple Blossom
; in
several
of Clarence, Blushing Beauty and
Firefly, Gaiety, Duke
others.
In 1894 appeared Lady Beaconsfield,Lady Penzance, Lottie
Eckford, Ovid, Eoyal Kobe, and in 1895 the greatest triumph of alL
white Blanche
the famous
largelygrown
Burpee, a variety that was
is
still.
of
and
Countess
Captivation,
only a year or two
ago,
1877
Pea
hold
flowers.
Mr.
Jewel
Aberdeen, Crown
out
Eckford
Little
and
Dorrit
were
sent
out
in
1896.
of Shrewsbury, Mars,
Coquette, Lovely, Countess
Prince of Wales, Lady Currie, Black
Prima
Donna
and Koyal Rose.
Knight, Chancellor, Lady Grisel Hamilton, Mrs. Dugdale, Duke
others soon
and
Othello
of Westminster,
followed, but so rapidly
In
1897
do
varieties
almost
came
become
now
all these
have
of date
out
been
in the
Sweet
Pea
world
that
superseded.
accomplished by Mr. W.
whose
Atlee Burpee, the Ameriijan
florist,
triumphs towards
among
the latter end of the nineteenth
Aurora, Maid
century are counted
Mention
of Honour,
the
also be made
Golden
Waved
The
witnessed
"
should
Gate
Sweet
another
introduction
and
of the work
others
Pea."
Mr.
ten
years
dawn
Silas Cole
Spencer variety,the first Sweet
Pea
ago.
of the twentieth
development
remarkable
by
famous
The
of
in
the
having
a
the
beautiful
standard
century
Sweet
Pea
Countess
with
waved
outline.
The
coming
of
this form
has
almost
revolutionised the Sweet
i
SWEET
Pea
world,
for
varieties.
the
and
standard
forms
comprise
content
reliable
has
Sweet
future,
grow
it
these
to
Peas
it
is
will
of
some
let
them
waved
possibly
be
the
only
lost
one
matter
a
of
useful
home
until
of
standards
cultivation.
to
most
go
but
be
to
with
for
flowers
substitutes.
proved
PEAS
and
all
garden
the
waved
appear
time
At
present,
Peas,
Sweet
many
to
they
however,
have
who
those
will
decoration
forms
jjlain
the
and
of
those
be
before
of
"
waved
"
very
not
provided
be
II
CHAPTER
Peas
Sweet
Most
who
people
in
display
Those
who
we
owe
they
deep
for
charm
to
perfection,
and
blindly
there
deep
of
Sweet
Peas
incorporate
the
cultivated
the
the
in
few
of
the
will
sowing
alone
are
On
is
sow
thought
be
Seeds.
and
eight
the
seeds
way
in
obtain.
.should
are
which
If
advise
six
you
you
having
or
early
Yet
how
I
keen,
am
effect.
these
as
the
and
of
out
such
and
of
sowing
seeds
beneficial
drought
strain
grow
them
produce
twelve
plant
expected
never
these
apart
the
and
really
Whether
results
apart.
row
Sweet
see
depends
creditable
inches
to
have
the
in
common.
are
apart
would
one
each
inches
distance
proper
ago
years
we
now
twelve
plants
to the
between
then
;
as
many
inches
to
to
the
not
high
propose
want
question
but
;
deep, and
bottom
very
its
row
undertaken
the
plants,
summer
all, perhaps,
feet
of
are
to
as
home
flowering.
six
feet
doubt
the
and
of
sown
no
them.
exhibition.
who
well-rooted
The
"
one,
ten
is
and
those
from
the
sow
for
not
are
for
preferably
to
their
Peas
two
value
time
Only
!
of
enough
than
more
flowers
this
season
distance
a
best
withstand
to
thorny
a
the
the
follow
to
presentable
a
border
is
Peas
responds
of
towards
have
we
there
able
Sewing
Peas
the
deep
long
a
is
do
means
well
by
imposed
to
if
Nevertheless
Early
too,
February
border
amateurs
afraid.
to
Then,
have
that
Sweet
not
important
manure
unsurpassed
flower
learn
do
only
not
grow
need
may
to
is work
Nevertheless,
for
Sweet
we
dig the
well-decayed
This
this
grow
most
to
to
we
to
wishing
prepared
ground.
middle
doors
be
some
autumn.
and
Anyone
must
to
is
lessons
"First,
cultivation.
us
While
still many
are
how
wonderfully
object
our
decoration.
perhaps,
are,
beautiful
a
home
exhibitors,
teach
treatment.
when
for
of
minority.
the
which
they
how
Cultivation.
Deep
is
show
systematic
garden,
in
and
the
sake
the
flowers
to
shows
flower
for
so
in
are
brilliance, but
and
methods
and
with
us
do
gratitude
of
Garden
and
have
to
exhibition
debt
provide
correct
for
Home
Peas
and
garden,
grow
a
Sweet
grow
the
for
upon
you
wish
the
to
I
specimens,
If
you
are
not
6
PEAS
SWEET
rather
are
if you
from
distance
any
particular put the seeds six inches apart, and
keen without
being reallyenthusiastic, put them
so
six to twelve
and
to
in
proportion
increase
far
quite
garden.
six
inches
that
as
distance
enough,
A
plan that
apart;
blooms
to
sow
home
and
the
seeds
according
plant,
and
progress
you
is,I think,
for
only
is
plants
advise
This
apart.
minimum,
a
as
would
I
wanted
are
the
as
deep,
recommended
be
can
then
is
inches
twelve
to
the
six inches
name
enthusiasm
your
when
inches
I would
apart.
other
thin
out
either
every
inclination,you
may
thus
twelve
inches
as
having them
apart finally,or leave them
have
I
in
the
advised,
as
they are.
autumn,
Prepare the border
in
level
it
time for
the
the
soil
winter,
leaving
roughly dug throughout
about
sowing on
15th, and unless other details of
February
or
that the Sweet
cultivation
assure
are
grossly neglected I can
you
Peas will blossom
from
early July until October.
As
the seedlings begin to
from
Protection
Birds.
soon
as
through the soil,which they should do in about a month, there
peep
is usually the question of protection from
birds to be considered,
and, especiallyin the neighbourhood of towns, the ubiquitous sparrow
has to be reckoned
with.
This is an
When
all-important matter.
the plot devoted
Sweet
Peas
is comparatively small I know
to
of
nothing that will keep these mischievous
effectively
pests at bay more
than strands of black cotton
stretched
zigzag fashion, so as to cover
the sown
ground satisfactorily.I am afraid I can call the sparrow
(for he is the chief offender)nothing but a pest, for whatever
excuse
to
your
"
be
may
credited
made
that
comes
after
his
favour
later
for black
with
doubt
in
fly)I
should
(he has
season
been
afraid there is no
shadow
of
am
searching
the spreuting peas,
and
the peas
that
he
only,
in March.
the
little
Sprinkling
plants with soot is
it is
supposed to be distasteful to him.
supjiosedto keep the sparrows
away
we
the
in
on
all be !
the
ground, than
disappears. One
I
am
afraid
But
were
that
a
if all the methods
reallyto do
great
deal
so
more
which
how
soot
are
delighted
falls
on
the
this
plants, and after a little rain even
cannot
keep on dusting the little plants with
it is probable that yellow leaves and sickly seedlings
soot, otherwise
would
soon
begin to tell a woeful
tale,and the last state of the
Sweet
As
Peas
would
I wrote
in
rests
on
be
worse
the
than
the first.
Sivei-'tPea
Annual, "it is no use attempting
the birds away
with flagsof rag and
to scare
net
ribbon, you must
is a drastic measure
them
This
out."
to take, but I might add
that
its recommendation
had
reference
to
Sweet
Peas
grown
in suburban
In
gardens.
on
PEAS
SWEET
8
of the
account
results
such
arc
netting-out is impossible,
and
labour
involved, unless the anticipated
care
it worth
to make
while, as, for instance, in the
large ganlen, of
a
as
course,
cotton
black
nor
neither
-\aiieties. When
fa-owing new
be
to
of the large area
account
netting-out is to be thought of on
a
boy to frij^htenaway
covered, the best thing to do is to engage
case
of
the
birds
for
week
a
seedlings
the
^Vhen
two.
or
staked
are
and
birds
to the
less toothsome
vigorously they seem
At least,a year or so ago I might
and
the latter do little damage.
I am
sceptical,for only
have
written
this with
conviction, but now
until they were
Peas
I had
Sweet
last summer
to
protect my
exceptionally unfortunate.
Perhaps I was
practically in bloom.
are
growing
more
.
It
at
was,
Sweet
rate,
any
experience
new
a
for
has
who
one
grown
for years.
Peas
the
Plants."
When
Staking
high they need some
support, and
seedlings
the
kind
the best
are
give them
to
sticks,tho.se twiggy pieces that
of the tops of hazel
inch
an
are
or
so
is that
excellent
so
of these
twigs,
they have got well hold
final
takes
and
six inches high, the
staking
place,and
are, say, about
I know
for this purpose
nothing more
satisfactorythan hazel sticks.
described
Alternative
methods
later on, but personally I prefer
are
for the
tiny tendrils.
When
such
to
generally practised. Attention
applications of manure,
practices as those of watering, occasional
during the season.
picking off dead and faded flowers,is necessary
"The
Peas
for G-arden
Decoration.
Sweet
following notes
of renown,
will be read with interest.
by Mr. T. Stevenson, a grower
bare
be brightened by a clump or
dull and
Many
spots may
of
Peas
suitable colour,and the flower border is one
of Sweet
a
two
the
old-fashioned
one
FIG.
W,
thick
placed
placed
/, drills
on
fashion
both
on
scetion
k,
;
sides
j, .soil
showing
and
0,
"B,
sowing
G inches
sowing
clump
in
on
or
drawn
are
more
from
:
wide
over.
winds
made
bottom"six
1
font
; m,
and
after
row
I, sliort
troublesome
circles, drill about
covered
Y, sowing
placed in each
Z, double
opening
at
single wide
apiirt.
seeds
covering;
sharp
m,
OUTDOORS
in
sowing
out.
cats
borders
thin
of line, and
of
where
row
PEAS
3 inches
depth
protect early sowings
A, clump
SWEET
(inadvisable), X,
alternate
drill drawn
apart:
SOWING
1."
sowing
in
so
drill,but
in
double-row
drill ij inches
covering
branches
stakes
seeds
of
Ldd
seed
:
hawthorn
over
to
row
frosts.
with
or
across
hoe
about
seeds
ipore
to
3
are
contain
incbe"deep
placed
12
in
seeds
;
"
w
W---^:^
OUTDOORS.
PEAS
SWEET
1.-
SOWING
FIG.
10
,PEAS
SWEET
to
advantage ; there
be seen
places where a few clumps may
be
they can
are
generally a few bare patches at the back where
planted. The colour of the flowers with which they are to associate
will
colours
tdgether which
be borne
in mind, so as to have
must
of the
harmonise
or
There
pleasing contrasts.
form
small
often
are
beds
dwelling house
the
round
borders
and
clumps can also be placed advantageously, and the scent
of the flowers would, in many
be much
appreciated. If the
cases
house happens to be of red brick,it would
scarcely do to plant the
to the same
show
not
red and rose
coloured
varieties,as they would
ing
for hidAs a temporary
screen
advantage as the whites and blues.
A
also useful.
of Sweet
Peas are
frames, old sheds, etc., rows
short row
few clumps
a
garden, and
or
two, say in the kitchen
where
few
a
scattered
fresh
about
interest.
brighter than
for
a
a
sheltered
few
isolated
Details.
the cultivation
that the
add
to
there
is nothing
positions on lawns
clumps, especially if they have shrubs
be
less than
liberal
a
If the
foot
one
reallynothing much
various
about
parts of the garden, except
dressing of
In
the surface.
up
deeply
as
Spent
manure.
strong and
is very
manure
from
to say
reallywell,broken
be cultivated
given
be used.
is
in
Peas
ground should
not
There
"
of Sweet
possible,and
should
not
In
borders, all tend
flower
background.
Cultural
as
mixed
the
among
most
manure
fresh it should
it would
cases
early in February in pots, and plant out when
the seedlings are strong in April. Both
trouble in going
time
and
;ifter
the
about
the garden looking
various
plants in the young
stage
should
thus
saved.
Whatever
method
of
is
it
staking
are
employed
and
Care
be done
be
taken
must
thoroughly
neatly.
during the
be
advisable
to
sow
H, upright staking
of Sweet
row
I,oblique
or
FIG.
2."
with
hazel
Pea
single row,
1 foot
in
of
3
all
galvanised
heights
stopped
and
('lump
of
at
apart.
feet
that
S'.VL'ut Peas
hazel
.sticks
inches
diameter
1
(J inches
with
"", row
in
and
row
sticks,3 feet
J, staking
:
PEAS
high (above ground)
apart
hazel
(that shown)
with
i
of
feet
wire
plants
alternate
in
height
5
:
r,
jolantsin
Pea
feet, double
thinned
to
12
double
order.
trellis,called
and
",
:
trellis,
framed
inches
apart
height.
staked:
feet
at
SWEET
sticks, i feet
plants,
slanting staking
standards,
STAKING
K,
hit^h ;
bottom
and
with
M,
hazel
showing
3 feet
sticks
use
3
of
feet
high;
cylinder
high, galvanised.
L, with
trellis
10
PEAS
SWEET
12
keep the slioots well tied in. If the weather gets
should
when
possible,
dry, a good mulching of manure,
very hot and
and
systematic
be given. This, with a plentiful supply of water
growing
season
removal
of
SWEET
to
the seed
JANET
PEA,
VARIETIES
As
to
where
be
varieties
others.
than
:
a
best.
Dorothy
for
Those
screen
Good
is
pods, will
SCOTT
a
(DEEP
PIXK),
EXCELLENT
FOR
ONE
GARDEN
I find, are
clumps, some,
of a bushy habit
most
are
wanted
varieties
Eckford,
continuous
ensure
Helen
the
for
stronger
the
and
season
OP
THE
of bloom.
OLDER
DECORATION.
much
more
suitable
adaptable, although
taller growers
would
garden are King Edward
^'11.,
Pierce, Unique, Lady
Cooper, Black
NEW
THE
PEA
SWEET
BOTH
FOB
(BRIGHT
MABQOIS
GARDEN
AND
EXHIBITION,
MAUVE):
GOOD
PEAS
SWEET
li
Wright, Romolo
Scott, Mrs. Walter
Knight, John
Ingman, Janet
Sybil
Unwin,
G. Higginson,
Paradise, Gladys
Piazzani, Mrs.
Sweet
in
in
beds
artist
colour
in
exists
Collier.
Peas
Peas
Sweet
a
Mrs.
and
Eckford,
or
well
as
reference
arranging the colours of
to be
borders
the gardener really needs
this necessity
iloricultural one
; of course
When
Borders."
as
to
a
the
flowers, but
other
many
Pea
Sweet
has
of its family" by contrast.
killing members
A clump of ma.^enta
George Gordon, beautiful though it is, against
of Dorothy
looks very
of Scarlet
Gem
unhappy, while groups
one
and
to
Lady Grisel Hamilton, lavender, seem
Tennant,
mauve,
in
Borders
the
because
be
are
excellent,
ever
quarrelling.
open
and
obtained
from
heat
all
are
sides, yet perhaps the loveliest
light
be made
in borders
can
against old grey fences or
arrangements
white walls, and if these face south or south-west
they are delightfully
such
sad
a
of
way
for the
homes
snug
about
Peas
late.
it here
in any
;
A
them
cause
to
begin early and
Sweet Peas
facing west full of well grown
its value
other
during a hot July and August, for when
proves
borders
will be fresh and
showing signs of fatigue this one
are
rich soil in so
that I will say nothing
sprightly. Good
necessary
to
blossom
plants, and
border
gardener, surely, would
no
other
to
attempt
Sweet
grow
!
is suggested on
16.
Arrangement
page
is a row
of Sweet
At the back
Peas, of true red tone, such as Mars,
"\'II. This
Firefly, or the splendid King Edward
A, will
row.
the
tall as
Peas
to
feeding, to induce
require rich
as
grow
from
youth should be conducted
so
as
possible,and their training
The
B
at
and
C look best filled up with
height.
to secure
spaces
A
Graceful
Simple,
FIG.
Thinning
:
of
drill
row.
plants
row
AND
of
thinning
seed
from
q, thinned
double
THINNING
B, part of
necessity
plants
3."
seedlings from
to
placed
1 J inches
to
D,
row
thinned
apart, stopping
them
at
in
wide
thick
drill in
apart
plants
6 inches
fi to
SWEET
asunder
12
inches
high
to
make
blooms.
inch
1
rows,
3 inches
s, extra
seed, showing
fine
unthinned,
to
:
of
and
double
; r,
thinned
PEAS
sowing
sturdy plants
secure
distance
with
to
STOPPING
1
inch
thinning
them
apart
apart
E,
apart.
to
C,
12
branch
:
in
doubleinches
freely
if necessary.
[Stopping: F, plant stopped when
oJE. G, plant stopped when
6
12
inches
inches
high
high.
:
t, growing
point nipped
""'^'
-7
""""
"
ilN.=
INCH
SCALE
1
3."
THINNING
FIG.
AND
STOPPING
SWEET
PEAS.
10
SWEET
PEAS
do
Peas, which
as
others, yet
the
choice
of
which
light
is best
The
Pea.
the
according
the
Pea
Sweet
the
1), and
on
C
the
off
u
and
of
to
the
foliage
for
of
carefully
of
charming
be
m
colour
well
Sweet
schemes
as'in
the
other
By
colours
grown
many
associations
flower
is
There
not
in
vanced.
ad-
shows
Peas.
selecting
should
one
far
arrangements
many
produced.
why
blossom
illustration
varieties
the
the
quite
is very
of
borders
shown
and
and
D
well.
as
become
season
This
one
scallops
are
advantage,
hidden
only
it
Peas
sticks
the
the
of
supjiorting
before
carmine
foreground
side
great
have
centrepiece all
Sweet
by
the
repeat
other
Clumps
of
the
length, and
it
to
necessary
as
planted
arrangement,
hedge
or
row
may
border
a
be
to
this
to
only be
would
Donna,
were
of
sort
one
Supposing
open
would
Enchantress,
Prima
choice.
be the
creamy
foreground
all
pink
paler pink
a
pink,
with
rich
purple
a
The
planted
what
some-
standards
Piamona,
with
;
Ferry,
are
the
and
beautiful.
look
in
wings
flaked
white,
dwarfs
is
Blanche
hut
and
rose,
real
not
high
as
these
pink,
Sweet
grow
among
the
shaded
or
not
are
limited,
bush
the
of
varieties
two
Sweet
flowers.
can
Ireason
no
work
Peas
out
as
III
CHAPTER
How
rajiid has
So
real
by
of
on
of
Sweet
ordinary
astonishing,
the
grown
means
by which
these.
In
another
and
in
a
receive
will
if you
tiie
might
of
His
become
sorts.
and
growers
is
advice
contemplate
first
culture
soil below
you
may
step
is
exhibitors
practical
the
make
towards
and
the
A.
of
Sweet
to
The
2
over.
feet
owing
Malcolm,
of
point,
Sweet
to
and
say
trenches
If
above
exhibitors
18
as
be
latter
rich
of
2
spit is
as
you
must
you
which
selection
most
famous
the
subject.
all
to
:
deep
porous
])lease, but
is
ground
spikes.
a
who
"
the
feet
of
judge
bad
on
exhibition
must
the
it
of
watering,
Now
invaluable
Pea
preparation
production
a
in
out
success
the
of
one
Peas, has
the
to
in
sown
of
the
soil
manure
are
way
are
deep
the
Aloreover,
!
you
as
the
feet
2
planted
are
otherwise
to
Peas
decayed
the
Peas
the
And
operations.
necessary
lost
Mr.
ranks
the
forked
the
in
Ground.~The
essential.
that
be
may
what
entering
Preparing
the
yours
hear
attention
obtainable,
Sweet
seeds
seedlings
of Sweet
of
altogether
; sometimes
up
February
or
is
least
at
of well
The
other
exhibitor
an
been
But
all
and
varieties
finest
have
January
cabbages
Well, briefly they
dug
is broken
frame.
or
?
feet, plenty
3
scrupulous
training,
manuring,
of
In
greenhouse
and
April
grow
depth
that
that
they
blooms
of
exhibitors.
day
is well
six
produce
are
fine
a
results
even
the
long, such
or
The
to
those
vigour
obtained
ground
of
or
with
a
present
are
below
of soil
the
incorporated.
being
pots
the
autumn
to
of
results
of
inches
18
skilful
such
foot
is trenched
stems
more
the
shoots
the
to
by comparison
grower,
flower
Five
resemblance
greater
a
reduced
and
in
sooner
exhibitor.
been
growers,
the
began
grower,
an
has
phenomenal.
judge
to
Pea
and
by
of
bearing
Peas,
exhibition
flower
every
become
successful
most
short
nothing
Sweet
for
Peas
almost
would
degree,
favourite
this
of
throughout
shows
Pea
Sweet
though
as
lesser
the
of
progress
seems
or
leaves
stem,
a
than
it
of
are
rise
Exhibition
for
Peas
Sweet
amazing
Sweet
some
obtain
the
greater
cultivation
art
been
that
earnest
later, in
Grow
the
since
country
to
Deep
and
the
nature
if not
it
20
PEAS
SWEET
be worked
must
into
condition
that
by
the
incorporation of some
This
operation should
old
be
rubble, ashes, or similar substance.
be
in good weather, when
the soil works
done
can
easilyand the rows
is to take
firm
made
error
(which is very
important). A common
this is done and dry
in a piece of undug groiind. When
out a trench
their
weather
likely to make
huge cracks are
comes,
appearance,
the soil is increased.
The whole
then, of course,
evaporation from
and
the special part, which
border should be trenched
ought to be as
broad
taken
afterwards.
The manure
out
used must
as
possible,
be
lime
old
and
sweet, and
thoroughly incorporated with the soil.
I find this gives better results than
Manuring."
Planting
in layers,although a layer of fresh cow
placing the manure
manure
the drainage is good, and
tends
to retain moisture.
over
A sprinkling
and
of soot
as
the
and
work
goes
prepared
as
lower
in
the
centre
of the
FIG.
lime
reduced
topowder, with
makes
on,
ideal foundation.
an
advised, the bedp, if of
than
centre
the
rows
RAISING
4"
circular
if grown
SWEET
PEAS
FEOM
a,
(outer leathery coat)
radicle
(seed-leaves) ; d,
SEED
IN
is
;
inches
and
the
half my
POTS
FOE
OUTDOORS
seed, bold, dark-coloured, sound.
testa
6
I grow
way.
meal
ground
about
in that
TRANSPLANTING
A, the
If the
a
form, are
ground level,like a saucer
the
same
dusting of bone
a
B, section
of
seed
A, showing
i, endopleura (inner coat)
;
(young
root)
plumule
e,
;
; c,
;
cotyledon
(young
stem),
(llagnified).
D, the
C, light-coloured seed, perfect.
E, unsound
seed
G, section
of
out
/,
;
of 5-inch
diseased
pot
entire
pot
when
; (, soil ; j, seed
H,
position
glass.
J, the
hardening.
K,
of
subsection
seeds
ten
frrcnces
ashes
on
each
for
cold
if used
inverted
sprinkled.
at
L, plants
I, and
frame
to
:
n,
pots, placed
in
plants
be
to
turned
A, rougher parts of
;
pots:
for
post
com-
stood
near
saucers
the
1 foot
cold
to
from
frame
for
healthy.
be
about
divided
stage
in
shelf
m,
removing
placed
to
placing
keep plants
the
sown,
seed
and
at
pots
E, mnynified.
I, watering space.
seed
plants
seed
are
stage
plants sturdy
C, magnified.
drainage
g,
;
placing
H
pot, the
H,
as
:
li,fine soil
pot
G.
tor
as
of
two
('"-inch pot with
in
greenhouse
section
;
in
I, plants
seeds
planting
greenhouse
in
F, the
spot.
in which
seed
for
cold
on
in
from
frame
and
which
side, say,
planting
from
removing
ashes
glass
h inch
at
to
harden
; a, line
sturdy
a
to
; p,
little
time
; re-
shelf
off.
height
in
M
of
pots stood
sujphur
is
K
4:IN=I.FT
JfIN=I.FT
FIG.
4.
"
RAISING
SWEET
TRANSPLANTING
PEAS
PROM
OUTDOORS.
SEED
IX
POTS
FOR
PEAS
SWEET
22
and 8 feet
circles are 6 feet in circumference
The
plants each way.
be
ample if it
circle ; six would
each
high, with eiglitplants round
true, but 9 inches is a good
certain that every
plant would come
were
The
training is to the outside and
distance to plant out in any case.
growth
the
any
get bent
the
growths
double
being
Seeds.
"
10-inch
hard
pot, and
seed
skins,
to
with
and
supports
have
little
are
FIG.
I
ideal first supports,
be obtained
can
on
are
they
is
1st
good date
a
that
Some
done'
round
to
the
moment
frame
and
the
snip a
edge of
tiny portion
seeds
have
abnormally
germination
the
which
on
I
germination
knife.
is
seeds
ten
sow
even
sharp
time
dates)
the
is
tops of
The
uneven.
hawthorn
knobs
be
should
water
TRANSPLANTING
5."
the
seedlings are
hedges.
and
is
them,
on
tying
easily done.
for planting out (and do not be in a hurry,
comes
in April for England and the last week
for Scotland
week
safe
February
ensure
unless
These
the second
when
singlewire, but
a
canes
parts
many
off.
a
for
the
in
"
them
best
When
raspberry
on
The
glass in slight heat.
sowing under
them
cold
to
a
through the soil remove
plants peep
gradually harden
off each
wild
Old
the
start
a
nuisance, and
a
in woods.
or
Sowiug
make
are
trained
them
seen
length, and
nice
a
roadsides
a
or
I have
is excessive.
work
stems
If in rows,
out.
outwards
way.
Bent
plant in the centre and train
clear. A
to both
sides, leaving the centre
for such
training,and it is a
stakes is needed
them
cut
of wires
row
splendid
kept straight.
is
withheld
SWEET
three
for
PEAS
FROM
four
or
POTS
INTO
days
OPEN
GROUND
N, seedling plant from
entire
roots
shelter
Plants
from
entire,thus
of soil
"
out
(called
12
a
inches
Q, plant
of
pair
from
plants.
split")
"
distance
C-inch
raised
evergreen
cold
winds
in
of soil with
to afford
height, plants
O, turned
apart
P, plant from
; ?/,
12
out
corresponding
and
0
apart
planted
position for
pot similar
to
inches
second
in row.
with
"
ball
turneij-
to
0, the pair divided
P
respectively,about
and
apart.
:
\\
6-inch
twigs placed
and
4 inches
and
; r, ball
hazel
or
pot, Fig. 4, K, L, M, carefullybreaking up
separating plants
planth
about
sturdy plant
twigs
some
spring frosts, the twigs arching slightly
1 foot
about
at
and
q,
; t, birch
5-incli jjot,Fig. 4, G.
in
raised
level
winds
keen
plants
the
over
deep (4-inch) pot:
; s, surface
spring
with
roots
some
pot planted
at
sides
frosts.
of
(i
row
soil ; w,
inches
of
depth
apart
Sweet
:
x,
Peas
of
and
planting. R,
spruce
to
ball
or
other
protect from
6
FIG.
IN
=1
IN
5."
TEANSPLANTING
SWEET
OPEN
GROUND.
PEAS
FROM
POTS
INTO
few
operation. Plant
the
prior to
a
PEAS
SWEET
24
in
is apparent
simply
run
needful.
be
must
A
stimulants
hoed
prevents
DISPLAY
BY
kind
but
hoe
cannot
SUGAR
no
they
once
necessary,
are
evaporation of
THE
out
planting
and
but
movement
start
they
training
are
the ground
It aerates
much.
too
seedlings
the
day, keeping
daily attention
supports, when
of any
frequently. One
No
soil and
the
the
up
awhile,
for
growth
the
After
wires.
clear of the
inches
dull
a
on
moLsture.
SWEET
WAFER
CLUB
PEA
(KEADING).
Summer
for three
Treatment.
weeks
"
feeding
may
When
the
plants have been in bloom
solution of
Begin with a weak
start.
and
that
the
beds
soot, and
sheep manure
see
or
rows
get a
thorough soaking. Gradually increase the strength of the liquid
and
brands of artificial manures
sprinkle any of the well known
on
the
look
stand
and
surface
the
work
on
feeding"
well enough on
err
up
firm
and
them
the safe
sure
the
side.
bush,
on
in.
the
but
Be
When
they
exhibition
careful
not
over-manured
carry
the flowers
badly,and
table.
If
overdo
to
one
will not
cets
stems
ONE
OF
THE
MOST
BEAUTIFUL
PEAS
:
PRINCESS
OF
THE
A'ICTOKIA.
MANY
PINK
SWEET
15
to
inclies
18
little
of
are
balanced
is
stem
Hints
9.nd
in
worry
intend
growers
and
shows
to
to
know
and
cannot
that
last
broken
had
with
I tested
year
hedge
the
feet
13
and
beds
is
it
manure,
a
to
it"
by the end
of
stems
well
are
be
may
To
interesting
yards long
feet deep,
2.5
trenched
was
covered
main
rows
unnecessary.
without
row
high
The
splendid blooms.
thick
advised
methods
daily, it
ground
plants. The
the whole
depth, and
up
dense
a
but, whether
out.
the
suitable
procure
twenty-two
well
of work
exhibits
that
who
;
worth
quality are
the
those
Peas
Sweet
not, the
or
alone, when
prizes,and before
the art of setting up.
The
If
is not
adopted here.
removed
prepared and the blooms
wins
the
ment,
Arrangefollowing
the
fairly even, usually
are
the
in
big shows
practise
exhibiting
and
removal
of lateral growths
budding
dis-
of choice
flowers
procure
send
to
lot
tremendous
a
showing
with
connection
is
There
Exhilaiting."
on
well
a
when
balance
of
of want
risk
a
have
must
One
easy
length.
in
inches
18
over
is
there
and
stem,
abnormal
to
exhibition.
for
by the
length, but they
is
It
needs.
one
them
force
to
use
no
or
all
is
that
long
nitrates
application of
.
PEAS
SWEET
26
3
of the
I
season
from
top
bottom
these
plants
to
were
as
little
finger.
"When cutting blooms
for an exhibition
Cutting
Packing.
the spot and place the stems
select the best twenty-five sprays
in
on
that take them
for three or four hours.
After
water
out, wipe the
in tissue paper
oft the stems, wrap
surplus moisture
; pack in single
as
and
in boxes
rows
They
weather
them
at
FIG.
6."
that
so
a
carry
"
in cold
PROPER
DISTANCE
S, plant injured in being
no
"
replaced
and
with
made
hole
hole
turned
ROWS
out
of pot
Should
treatment.
unpacked
the
;
pla(;e
will get firm.
PEAS
IN
is shaken.
BY
TROWEL
AND
:
AND
BETWEEN
ROWS
sound
y, root
DIBBEE
broken
; z, stem
use.
T, planting by trowel
d,
they
SWEET
the box
be soft when
may
when
water,
such
after
the stems
warm
TRANSPLANTING
AT
fairlysteady when
are
long distance
be very
once
they
trowel
; c,
; /, plants
()
inches
the
young
:
a, hole
made
;
*, plant
inserted
plant properly planted.
dibber
plant placed in hole and
after
distant
; c,
X, plants placed
planting.
in
plants.
the
row
:
g,
plant
row
;
and
soil
taken
out
U, planting by dibber
inserted
in
rows
for
i
closing
feet
A, twiggy sticks
apart
to
tect
pro-
'2,S
Varieties
with
like
muslin
collections
is
the
National
shades,
all
very
A
newer
DISPLAY
which
OF
should
SWEET
west
twenty-four
give
also
PEAS
FLOWER
sorts
varied
a
be
and
left
glorious
THE
SHOW.
PAjrOUS
attention.
sorts
other
is
the
of
the
nineteen
(five having
display.
tried.
AT
small
exception
The
growing.
worth
not
great
the
list,with
colour
King
For
sun.
fixed
for
guide
shaded
groups.
receive
should
seed
the
to
be
may
the
of
sides
exposed
splendid
are
The
will
ones
good
Society's
good.
recommendations)
the
of
A
Pea
fully
grown
purchase
Sweet
magenta
of
best
Varieties."
The
and
east, south,
Lewis
Helen
and
Eckford
Henry
the
on
VII.
Edward
are
PEAS
SWEET
SlIKEWSHUHY
two
Some
CHAPTER
The
Beginner's
Guide
Points
Preparing
rooting
the
broken
and
consists
than
in
owing
the
easy
is
the
of
thus
small,
so
of
Antamn
Work.^
The
digging
done
in the
ground
surface
should
the
soil
composing
trenching
and
elements"
to
rough
spade
a
and
opposite
be
feet
end.
;
The
to
if
only
the
do
the
the
drying
feet, then
lie
It
from
influence
levelling
and
the
of
the
sowing
of
roots
of
and
the
broken
find
water
an
roots, which,
sun
or
wheel
subsoil
carry
in
up,
must
one
below
out
then
spring,
planting.
by
ground
It is in
at
the
left
the
when
The
the
ridges,
time
the
natural
to
the
sweeten
with
his
one
must
the
soil
to
but
left
below.
dig
this
both
deep
how
shows
gardener
broken
south,
to
is
the
plot and
to
up
really well
Peas
the
29
readily
life
pulverise and
than
ground
is best
north
pervious
im-
water,
more
the
winter.
broken
will
these
Sweet
the
work
thoroughly
finest
fork.
ridges of soil
the
"under
the
this
of the
is
of
fibrous
fibrous
illustration
is not
;
the
end
one
the
two
The
satisfactorily
subsoil
grow
for
up
those
preparing
of
ridges
"
less
or
applied
hot,
importance.
done
break
at
more
disturbed
and
throughout
are
frost
To
rain
In
advantage
great
die, ;and
been
benefiting
work
left
more
trench
with
loosened
to
fork.
able
deep
and
far
ground
wide, deep
To
rain
has
dug,
better
only.
small
is
deeply
applications
the
feeders,"
greatest
those
ridging
Thus
autumn.
be
a
is
and
which
moisture
surface
ground
deep-
a
soil
or
have
rain
feet
and
the
is best
and
hard
of
only
the
on
soil that
three
or
of
"
chief
reaching
are
the
in
soil, retains
of
Chief
naturally
capillary attraction, it parts
In
two
is
trenched
former
retain.
its
are
depth
the
The
Illustrated
Pea
been
dug
shape
it may
shortened.
passage,
though
force
which
Pea
to
up
in the
moisture
plant,
Sweet
in
latter, for
the
to
what
been
growing
the
has
particles
has
and
successfully
grown
fine
Growing"
Sweet
which
that
moisture
to
with
be
can
plants
those
and
The
ground
weather
over
Ground."
largely of
lumpy
dry
Explained
Ground
up.
Pea
Sweet
Concisely
plant, and
well
to
IV
two
open
or
needs
digging
sides
it is
the
three
to
so
will
be
that
come
necessary
ridges of soil
are
PEAS
SWEET
30
made
about
they
effect
rough
wider
much
are
better will
frosts penetrate.
understood
the
THE
harm
more
LEFT
IS
SIIIL
much
It does
wish.
such
have
ficial
bene-
a
how
matter
not
a
RIDGES
IX
all,perhaps, is farmyard
an
subject often
SHOWIXG
WINTER.
cause
may
is
inexperienced amateurs,
good is likelyto follow
and
than
THE
THROrcSHdUT
since too
This
Manures."
by beginners
far
case
it
of
could
one
will not
frosts
liigh. If
foot
one
lumpy the soil is
ridges may appear ; the more
be pulverised in the end, and also,the deeper will
the
Use
as
least
at
the
the
The
base, and
deeper the
or
the whole
on
lumpy
and
at the
feet wide
two
.\RE
and
an
THE
HG1V
SOWX
imperfectly
this being
application,
IN
irretrievable loss of plants.
SEEDS
.'iPRIXG.
Safest of
since,so far as Sweet Peas are
be dug some
neath
eighteen or twenty inches beconcerned, this should
the soil in the autumn
when
is dug or trenched,
the ground
liberal use
attach
to its too
is discounted
danger that may
by
any
the
fact
that
seeds
the
or
plants are not put into the soil for some
One
afterwards.
months
thing -the amateur
would
do well
to
in direct contact
is never
to place manure
remember
with the roots.
The
mixed
latter
with
derive
the
the
soil.
manure,
greatest
Then
and
benefit
the haulm
when
of the
the
manure
is
well
plants is strengthened
SWEET
while
they
quite young,
are
artificial manures,
blooms.
Sowing
Seeds
and
should
up,
drawn
out
be
where
In
Out
broken
and
of
Doors."
north
from
soil
light,sandy
In the sketch
p. 30
on
A
soil is
are
extra
an
A shows
south
thoroughly
are
made.
pared
pre-
These
visable
especially is this adside
side.
are
by
grown
covered
about
only
1^ inches deep,
inch of covering soil may
be put on.
of Sweet
clayey soils the seeds
but in
The
advised, before the drills
as
rows
many
31
applicationsof superphosphate, and
will have greater effect upon
both growth
other
and
GROWING
PEA
to
;
Peas
the normal
level of the border
soil,B
the shallow
up
to
and broken
trench,and C.the soil which has been manured
in the sketch, the
depth of nearly three feet. As shown
a
seeds
are
sown
in
about
nine
inches
zigzag
manner
the
flat bottom
of the
drill
be impossible
Now, this would
often
the
drill has a
not
were
Very
narrow
crowded
overbase, with the result that the young
seedlings are
and become
Let
have
weakly.
plant
ample room
every young
in which
Sweet Peas that are overcrowded
to grow.
throughout their
existence,only actuallyoccupy a space a few inches across
; but those
with unlimited
in which
to grow
produce many
sturdy side
space
shoots from the base upwards, and each side growth is stronger than
the main
of the overcrowded
stem
plant.
if the
apart
drill
flat and
Sweet
Some
each
on
Pea
way.
wide.
Pests."
If
mice
or
rats
are
troublesome
them
as
they are wet, then sow
shoots as they push
advised.
To prevent slugs eating the young
be
through the soil a layer of sifted ashes from a coal fire may
Alphol," or
Kilogrub," used according to
Vaporite," or
put on.
useful.
The
be done
instructions
also most
sowing may
are
any
of February is the best
time from February to April, but the middle
roll the
seeds
in red
"
lead
"
while
"
time.
raised
Sweet
Peas
are
Earthing
Up." When
and
in pots in the autumn, or early in the year
planted out in the
spring,there is always a tendency on the part of the inexperienced
them.
For instance, there are probably at least three young
to crowd
each clump is
out
roots' in each
they are turned
pot, and when
Planting
and
distance
apart as is advised in
generally planted about the same
to form clumps.
the case
of single seeds when
or
sowing these in rows
The plants from
pots should be put out quite fifteen inches apart
drill.
But
in the shallow
and in a zigzag manner
deep planting
the
of
of the plants
stems
the
lower
is advisable ; that is to say
part
After having been put out in this manner,
as
ought to be covered.
illustrated,
a
to the
or
known
as
sketch
A
U shows
where
is
In
work.
the
of this will fall
harm,
than
rather
in^licates also that
in, and
and
manured
is well
which
row,
commonly
broken
to
up
a
depth
feet.
three
Staking
be driven
of
Some
good
do
will
This
bit
B B.
from
sides of the
both
be.
may
case
up
sticks must
the
to
up
invaluable
an
plants, and
young
part of the ground
of about
is
the soil drawn
shows
the
the
as
"
A
drawn
be
little soil should
plants in the clump,
earthing up," and
amongst
C
PEAS
SWEET
32
netting is
wire
meshed
Coarse
Plants."
the
serviceable
now
it is too.
largely used for supporting Sweet Feas, and most
But
the majority of growers
sticks.
These should be put in in
use
the
When
good time.
plants are only an inch or two high
young
BABTHINO
THE
UP
STAKING,
TWIGS,
SEEDLINGS.
twiggy sticks
from
HAZEL
them, and
in the
sticks
case
of
seedlings
in
necessary
are
put
The
how
shown
in a few weeks' time
at A, and
as
placed to the rows
be driven
in quite eight or ten inches deep. It
tall ones
B, must
wise plan to fix a few
stronger sticks, or rather stakes, in at
first
are
the
is
to
STICKS.
directly
accompanying
completed.
earthing-up are
sticks.
The
to put in the
small branching pieces
planted out
planting and
shows
placed
pots, the
the
sketch
are
WITH
AFTERWARDS
TALL
small
SMALL
WITH
FIRST
a
every
feet
nine
of
string or
to
be
sticks
about
are
of
wire
one
row
on
foot
; then
each
one
side.
apart,
and
can
The
not
fasten
all
securely by strands
tops of the tall sticks ought
meet
closely together. Hazel
the best.
Pinching
or
Stopping
Young
Plants."
Autumn-raised
SWEET
plants often
produce
especiallyliable to
in the greenhouse or
side shoots
I have
do
GROWING
somewhat
weakly
if
so
they have
frame.
But
to grow
commence
often
a
PEA
noticed
that
as
these
shown
side
main
base
A
at A
shoots
they
;
are
of the
in the
stem
sketch
strong
below.
rapidly and
grow
soon
B, but possess greater
plant is pinched off immediately
strength than the latter. Now,
the side shoots as shown
at A, the lateral growths B B will
above
make
still more
satisfactoryprogress, and branch out freely also.
it is not
to pinch off the main
Of course
absolutely necessary
or
do
but
I
to
so.
originalstem,
prefer
The young
Peas
in Pots."
Sneet
plantsare grown
Growing
reach the
height
same
the central
stem
insufficient fresh air while
the
near
33
as
haulm
if the
PINCHING
in
small
those
"
the middle
about
tbey
pots
STOPPING
Oil
of
January from
repotted,in pots ten
full possessionof the
diluted
sown
across,
pots, and
PLANTS.
in cool
in
and
soil it is advisable
clean
Use
manures.
diameter"
seeds
inches
are
taken
in
inches
3i
YOUNG
THE
frames
September.
after the roots
until
Then
have
to feed
liberallywith
thoroughly drain them, but
place the crocks in carefullyso as not to take up too much
space
soil.
The
soil
for
mixture
limit
that
and
thus
required
unduly
leaf soil and
should
consist chieflyof good fibrous loam, to which
in the proportion of one-third.
added
well rotted manure
are
some
Near
the
the soil
as
bottom
the latter is
of lime
D
of each
with
pot mix
a
little old mortar
being put in,and three
every
bushel
of the soil.
ounces
rubbish
of
with
phate
superphos-
A,
0,
The
accompanying
ball
of
and
the
that
so
moderately
top-dressing material."
close
moist.
the
to
not
with
a
on
after
the
removed.
with
a
course
a
be
not
turves
are
Train
; but
clear water.
stage
or
placed
the
haulm
even
under
to
the
plants
The
soil
when
are
kept
air
doses
of
floor
pots
strands
always give weak
the
mixture
They
of 50" is suitable.
the
are
should
possible. They will
airy greenhouse
light and
A
on
;
POTS.
all wet.
temperature.
night temperature
central
at
also
Make
the
use
IN
given all the fresh
are
warm
maximum
grown
in due
in
PEAS
SWEET
It must
glass, and
thrive
and
potting is done,
plants
Pea
Space
turf.
done.
be
soil mixture
new
Sweet
the
the
enter
may
GROWING
moderately
B, the
;
pot when
the
and
the
when
firm
plants
young
roots
watering
for
of
roots
potting should
how
shows
drawing
placed under
turf
rooted,
left
be
soil
whole
a
well
be
PEAS
SWEET
84
of
the
and
house.
the
latter
string, and
may
should
be
But
not
feed liberally
only after
a
watering
A
DIFFERENCE
IN
FLOWER
When
it out.
last
flowers
when
longer than
association
to
of colour
produce
perhaps
ON
:
THE
bruised
4.D
ON
this way
by cutting or
the arrangement
In
B
THE
RIGHT.
gathered in
are
Association."
Colour
trouble
the
ARRANGEMENT
GOOD
LEFT,
to
PEAS
SWEET
36
they
breaking.
of the
are
Ukely
blossoms
the
important ; it is possiblewithout much
delightful effects. As a rule I think one
colours, in the same
give the most
vase
is all
some
two
colour, or
Such
former.
the
than
often
pleasing results, the latter more
the variety Mrs. W.
as
bright mauve
Wright, for instance, looks
a
well in a vase
alone, but I think the crimson
King Edward
very
is less attractive
than
when
alone
associated
with, say, the white
Whether
the addition
of a flower of a blue shade
Dorothy Eckford.
is an
is,I think, open
to much
The
doubt.
improvement
variety
with
Helen
blue on
Pierce, mottled
white
a
ground, is one that
makes
vaseful by itself ; and
a
particularlyhandsome
the bicolors
"
those
Jeannie
is with
in
which
there
Gordon, Triumph,
the
colour
more
delicate
associations.
two
are
and
shades
For
distinct
others
that
are
"
one
instance, the
shades
of
colour, e.g.
usually best
can
obtain
some
alone.
It
ful
beauti-
apricot-coloured Henry
FOR
Eckford,
Black
with
one
Knight
Curtis
TABLE
of
the
lavenders
with
(maroon)
the
or
mauves
Hon.
Mrs.
(primrose)is
also very pretty. But
little practice,will soon
convince
perhaps a
other charming
associations
37
DECORATION
be
to
a
Kenyon,
Clara
or
little consideration, and
one
worked
delightful.
is very
out
there
that
in
are
many
arranging Sweet
Peas.
Different
which
in
way
Kinds
the
of Plowers."
blooms
those who
as
varieties,
have
There
arranged
are
grown
on
Sweet
is a great difference in the
in different
the stems
Peas
must
have
noticed.
clustered
is when
the blooms
are
perfect disposition
an
fairly closely together, sufficientlyclose to hide the stem
example of which is seen in the right-hand spray of the illustration
To
my
mind
the
"
SWEET
CURVING
PEA
STEMS
ALFRED
MBS.
MAKE
HOME
WATKINS
THIS
VARIETY
DECORATION.
(PINK)
VALUABLE
:
THE
FOB
38
PEAS
SWEET
the leftis shown
on
totallydifferent arrangement
of
hand side of the picture. This, I think, altogether lacks the charm
soms
blosthe other.
varieties show
a tendency to produce
Although some
dispersed on the stem in this way, it is often due to rich feeding
to an
extent
at the root, which
has the effect of elongating the stem
Peas in
that is to be deprecated. Now, in the arrangement
of Sweet
on
A
36.
page
THE
TOPS
OF
SWEET
FOLIAGE
a
this kind
vase,
at
exhibition,but
an
prefer the
The
or
Art.of
in fact
crowd
any
blooms
beauty.
seen
more
were
Some
ON
PLANTS
THE
"PLOWERS
SAjrE
AND
STEM.
of flower
that it is not
It is true
PEA
is apt to produce a disappointingeffect.
to be despised in setting up a vase
of blooms
for
natural
the
filling
vase
for the table
or
hail I much
arrangement.
The
art of setting up Sweet
Arrangement."
Peas,
of flower, lies in disposing them
lightly. To
in a vase
is quite to spoil their natural
and
grace
kind
of
the
most
arranged by
the
successful
decorator
vases
first
of
Carnations
bunching
the
I
have
flowers
AN
EPEBGNB
OF
SWEET
PEAS.
PEAS
SWEET
40
in
loosely
quickly
blooms
all that
was
best
slightreadjustment of
A
vase.
found
was
is the
this
that
say
in the
placing them
and
I do
necessary.
of
way
them
turning
then
downwards,
blooms
hand,
the
not
Peas,
Sweet
setting up
far
so
go
or
up
some
as
to
even
just to show that the simpler
the more
the arrangement
likely is it to be satisfactory. The art
that comes
only after much
of arranging flowers
naturally is one
that one
teach by writing on the
can
practice,and there is not much
subject,beyond the fact that above all things the flowers must not be
Carnations, in
a
in the vase,
crowded
is the
likely
take
out
that is
here
stem
a
be
to
it is the first work
to
that the
and
result
than
it
I mention
but
vase,
there is the less
pleasing. In this matter, at all events,
invariably the best. Directly you begin
put it in there
and
it was,
rearrangement
more
unless
you
make
the ment
arrangeThe
art of
expert.
quite
simplifiedby various appliances
setting up flowers has been much
whose
object is to keep the blooms exactly where they are placed.
Floral
Aids.
Perhaps the most
popular is the metal stand
that
is put in a bowl, or the piece of zinc with
holes in it that
worse
are
you
"
fits in the neck
of
It is
to
comparatively simple matter
the
produce a pleasing arrangement
help of these appliances
is
the
be
feared
that
of
Perhaps
danger to
disposing the flowers too
I
t
needs
fine
skill
attractive
to
vaseful of Sweet
a
stiffly.
produce an
has
the
neck
of
the
in which
Peas when
to fix
simply
one
vase
open
the
blooms
the stems.
Even
that
then, by carefully disposing
so
stalk is supported by another, after a little practice progress
one
is no
There
doubt
that when
is made
is able
quickly.
one
natural
effects are
obtained
flowers skilfully,
than
to arrange
more
a
vase.
a
with
when
are
is had
recourse
useful, and
most
remember
the Sweet
and
as
with
arrange
an
that
those
use
of
who
artiScial
not
are
aids.
Still,the latter
expert in the
art
of flower
can
riowers
It is
to
the
them.
The
chief thing to
confidently recommend
is that the more
lightly and, in reason,
looselydisposed
Peas
the more
are
delightful will they appear.
arranging I
to
to
axiom
the
of
concerned,
Foliage."
Sweet
of flower
plant
Peas
Then
or
whether
arrangement
but
itself,
venture
there
to
that
I think
is the
so
no
use
question of what
the
foliageis
far
as
the
flowers
so
alone.
well suited
Sweet
Pea
is
modify this slightly. Only so far
as
foliageis used it must
be on
the same
say
that
the
carrying
growth as
blossoms, or, in other words, the tops
shoots"
of the
flowers,buds and leaves together, must
be cut off
If
of
illustration,
38j.
the
pieces
(see
page
haulm, or growth, are
to
one
that
may
if Sweet
Pea
to
FOR
inserted
the
has
vase
are
an
think,
generally
for
the
numbers
sorts,
decoration
of
;
Pea,
it
shown
of
characteristic
which
This
seem
peculiarity
the
to
Mrs.
the
illustration
this
lend
may
sort
is
themselves
be
readily
that
it
is
One
37.
in
the
to
photograph.
use
pink
peculiar
curving
gracefully
well
lovely
a
to
home
for
adapted
page
very
beautiful
very
Watkins,
particularly
noticed
as
are
especially
invidious
many
well
has
bears
shoots.
and
perhaps
so
on
better,
which
mentioned
now
Alfred
variety
in
it
especially
are
nothing
flowers
be
are
is
Of
branching
Pea
might
there
which
is
Sweet
and
diflferent.
Gypsophila,
slender,
on
and
flowers
quite
there
of
although
since
is
Peas
sprays
variety
decoration,
distinction
Sweet
with
One
When
result
flowers
admirably
table
the
as
small
of
employed.
suitable
make
good,
satisfactory,
seldom
is
appearance.
with
so
mass
result
shoot
arrange
nothing
associate
the
unnatural
same
to
elegant
These
Sweet
the
on
41
DECORATION
flowers
heavy,
a
material
foreign
I
the
amongst
leaves
or,
TABLE
stems
in
vases.
VI
CHAPTER
It
is
in
the
no
light task
to
1909
not
year
distinct
scarcely
them.
that
only
not
them.
Most
future,
these
and
lines.
varieties
the
waved
petals
last
varieties
when
weather,
than
scarcely
well
so
conditions
Waved
plain
grown
attractive
very
of
the
new
older
and
sorts,
are
are
getting
introducing
away
some
For
with
the
this
much
which
to
their
rule
their
they
;
in
colour
spell of
of
think
I
latter
dull,
for
is
it
on
beautiful
a
beautiful,
the
lose
to
very
as
it
working
do
standards,
tear
in
of
were
the
a
and
wear
we
lose
follows
perfectly
"
Pea
advantages
to
waved
market
are
than
about
form, and
example,
likely
this
Having
said
and
admit, that
fascinating
delicately beautiful
we
when
to
beauty
greater
and
tbe
many
certain
fact,
wet
of
many
true,
yet
garden
ordinary
forms.
must
of
on
moment
there
are
less
varieties, I admit,
Peas
written
Sweet
a
substance
are
texture
Varieties."
standard
Sweet
possess
greater
adapted
the
as
they
Peas
for
and
varieties
be
pities if
not
strangers.
Sweet
delicate
of
are
the
be
are
In
Pea
standard
thousand
a
only
especially
the
put
are
is to
not
and
out,
sunshine,
strong
but
of
might
waved
forms, and
are
thicker,
are
longer
these
them,
among
this
be
for
probable,
the
other.
practise cross-fertilisation
who
plain standard
thing
a
those
Still, it would
sight of the
such
that
book
which
of
are
year
indisputable
that
whole
a
some
standards,
Sweet
of
Peas
distinguish
names
the
subject
Sweet
but
plain
nor
one
the
varieties
new
every
be
to
seems
the
"with
the
of
aspects
chapter, but
of
large numbers
neither
are
the
a
different
forms
forms,
of
innumerable,
they
are
varieties
on
others, although
which
are
Varieties
chapter
a
only
waved
are
numerous
write
from
There
intermediates
so
:
About
Chat
A
about
their
than
from
the
than
of
stronger
crude
think
waved
the
colouring
exquisitely
tender
42
of
in
are
the
has
far
more
others.
There
is
thing
some-
waved
margin
to
some
colouring
tints
of
who
everyone
varieties
exquisitely
shades
the
the
I
favour
in
are
the
the
shades,
tender,
more
older
new
"While
sorts.
Peas, and
Sweet
is there
more
not
a
want
PEAS
SWEET
44
point that
this:
"la
=^.f=,9" 1
sorts
'
is
not
If
forcing itself
now
the
'
PEA
PBIXOE
BLUE
the
too
pronounced in
last state
ON
of the
"
to
(MARKED
OLAF
AVHITB
GROUND).
waved"
Sweet
Pea
the
of
some
developed
this characteristic becomes
SWEET
extent
'
waviness
of expert,
consideration
the
upon
is
lates
abnormal
an
WITH
will be
than
worse
the first.
One
of the
services
many
both
exhibitors
rendered,
for ordinary garden decoration
has
much-alike
to
varieties.
which
This
the
only, is the
is
National
of the flower
and
Sweet
to
Pea
those
publication of
quite indispensable
to
a
Society
who
grow
list of too-
all Sweet
Pea
VARIETIES
growers,
that
so
I include it
45
here,with
full
acknowledgment
to
the
authors.
Too-BEuchbrackets
to the
given
( Etta
"The
following varieties
exhibition
at any
Varieties
bracketed
of the
one
Alike
the
as
varieties
of the
too
shall
National
National
much
be
Sweet
alike.
shown
Sweet
"
Pea
Pea
Not
the
on
more
same
Societythan
stand
Society." Priority is
first name.
Dyke
( Flora
\ White
Spencer
( Queen
Alexandra
\ Scarlet
t Miss
Norton
Philbrick
f Modesty
Gem
I Duchess
f Her Majesty
\ Splendour
of Sutherland
I Sensation
I Countess
of Aberdeen
of Sutherland
JDuke
"^Monarch
"
C
( Ivy
ord
Miller
Ingmau
George Herbert
J. Castle
Rosy
-
Mom
Rosie
Sydenham
King
.PhyllisTJnwin
Mrs.
I Black
Knight
Stanley
"
John
E.
of Honour
Maid
"
Eckf
Lottie
W.
(Boreatton
( Countess
(
Lord
Rosehery
I Cyril Breadmore
"{Enchantress
Olive
IMrs.
Felton
Mrs.
Dora
Cowper
Dorothy
Yellow
f Captain of the
(Bolton's Blue
( Gorgeous
" Miss
Eckford
("LadyGrisel
) Countess
of
Best
Whiley
Ward
Blues
f
of Lathom
Countess
Gem
Coral
Hamilton
Radnor
( *Princess
Countess
\ Princess
B.
Mildred
[_
1
The
Bolton
Rose
(.Codgall
CblKer
I New'
Spencer
I Paradise
1 Pink
May
Sweet
Peas
for
Exhibition."
Victoria
Gem
The
editor
of The
recently organised a competition amongst readers of the
the best vaiieties
were
the object of ascertaining which
paper with
in order of merit,
The following list gives the names
for exhibition.
Gardener
*
with
Dobbies
Princess
carmine
standard.
Victoria
is meant,
not
Hie
old
variety of the name,
which
is cerise
46
SWEET
SWEET
TEA
JEANNIB
BICOI-OR
their
position being determined
PEAS
(A
"ORDON
CHARMING
VARIETY).
by
the
number
of
votes
received.
J
Helen
( Helen
John
King
Mrs.
Wright
Gordon
Unwin
VII.
Lady
G. Hamilton
Saint
George
Sykes
Spencer
Eomolo
Alexandra
Hardcastle
Dolby
Collier
Dorothy
Henry
( Jeaanie
Nora
Edward
f Countess
t Frank
Nelson
W.
Knight
( Queen
Mrs.
( Lord
I Mrs.
Ingman
Black
(
Lewis
Pierce
Eckford
Eckford
Piazzani
Sybil Eckford
The
Miss
Marquis
WiUmott
Dainty
Duke
of
Westminster
they
VARIETIES
47
Others
following in close succession were
Gladys Unwio, Etta
Dyke, Coccinea, Phenomenal, A. J. Cook, Queen of Spain, Jessie
Cuthbertson, Evelyn Heraus, Audrey Crier,and America.
The
followinglist is
varieties
in
are
PEA
SWEET
it
are
order
approximates
that sent
in
of merit.
MISS
WILLMOTT
by the winning competitor ; the
It
will
be
(ROSY
fairlyclosely to the list above
noticed
that
vrhile
other
sorts
ORANGE).
a
few
mentioned.
Lewis
Helen
Countess
John
Spencer
Ingman
Dorothy
Eckford
Helen
King
Pierce
Edward
Mrs.
Hardcastle
Mrs.
Collier
VII.
Sykes
A
BEAUTIFUL
PICOTBB-BDGBD
ELSIE
HEBBBBT,
SWEET
PEA
:
VARIETIES
Black
49
Knight
Jeanuie
Walter
Mrs.
Gordon
"Wright
Pink
Bolton's
Frank
Dolby
Dainty
Queen
Alexandra
Eomolo
Piazzani
Henry Eckford
Lady Grisel Hamilton
Nora
Duke
of Westminster
Dora
Breadmore
Janet
Scott
Lord
Nelson
Syhil Eckford
The
Best
of
the
Varieties
Sent
XJnwiu
in
Oat
1908."
Another
effected in the same
interestinglist the compilation of which was
from
of The
Gardener
is the
in by readers
sent
votes
way
following,which may be taken to represent the best of the varieties
It will be noticed that
in the spring of 1908.
put on the market
of varieties several have received a
owing to the restricted number
"
"
similar number
f
Evelyn
of votes.
f Paradise
Hemus
\ Mrs. Henry
\ Prince
Bell
)
( Constance
J S'"'?^
^T'^'"'
Breadmore
^ Mrs.
Hannah
Dale
XT
1
u
tMenieChristie
(^^""^^^
9"^"^
rSilasCole
^Ydie
Spencer
Adams
{ 5".^ie
( Prmcess
,
Victoria
Sutton's
|Lord
Queen
j
The
Eed
Willis
Curtis
following list
way,
grow
of The
"
Sweet
Nelson
May Perret
Nancy Perkin
Bobby K.
Marjorie
Clara
Carmine
f Paradise
Oliver
-Pi^-^
Herbert
(Elsie
Grieve
I James
of Asturias
\
reader
Spencer
Cream
(Etta .Dyke
ISt. George
(The Marquis
Prince
small
Ivory
Olaf
Flake
Lorna
Paradise
Doone
I^Miss Dray
will
Peas
Gardener, who
be
found
of service
for exhibition.
comments
on
be of interest and
It
it thus
to
was
son
those,who, in
compiled by
a
a
:
whose
My experience may
I grew
and
too
garden space, like mine, is limited.
varieties,
many
local show
came
consequently,when
our
round, although having fine
of each variety
blooms, I was unable to stage the regulationnumber
list of the varieties,
I send herewith
to compete.
to enable me
a
bracketing those which I consider similar in colour (not too much
them
I would
all,and many
others,
alike,for if I had room
grow
first in each
section proved most
beautiful). The
so
they are
From
successful with me.
eightyplants placed one foot apart I cut
E
value
to amateurs
over
PEAS
SWEET
50
2,000 bloom
spikes
during July and
for several weeks
week
per
August.
Eckford
Dorothy
Nora
\
(
Unwin
White
Spencer
Phenomenal
Mrs.
J
Hardcastle
Countess
Agnes
Sykes
")
Spencer
Helen
St.
Effect, pink
"
J
Eckford
InjTman
John
Effect, white
j
"j
V
Lewis
Effect, rosy
orange
J
George
Prince
Olaf
Helen
Pierce
")
[" Effect, blue
3
Zoii
Eady"ri^e'^Han.ilton
[ Effect,
PnmSpencer
} Effect, pale prin^rose
lavender
Eduard
King
yil.
Knight,
"Black
Marquis, rich
The
Sweet
ir/iilf.
Dorothy
Crinf^oit
and
"
HoNe
and
YrUoiv
Bhw.
Peas
Lord
"
"
Buff.
Xrlson
TiiiJ:.
"
and
Tarph'.
"
I'lruter
"
Ulnpid
and
and
Nora
Striped and
ii/"w:r."
I'hilivd
Marhlcd.
FIa];ed
Jeannie
"
"
Helen
following
Queen
Unwin.
Alexandra.
and
Paradise
Ivory.
Oliver.
Constance
and
Hamilton
George.
St.
and
Frank
The
Marquis.
Dolby.
Adams.
Hemus.
Wright
Black
(Med
and
and
Knight
and
Rose).
"
Hannah
Jessie
Dale.
Cuthbertson
Flaked.
BicoUjr,
the
mittee
com-
Christie.
Walter
and
floral
Cook.
and
Kosie
"
Maroon
and
Dyke,
J.
Lewis
edijid. Evelyn
JV/Hf//."Sybil Eckford.
Maacr."^bs.
The
Sykes.
(Iriscl
Meuie
ilur/entn.
Red
A.
Helen
"
a//d
Colonr."
:
Edward
Grieve
Spencer
OraiiijcSlinih's,
Lady
Lavender,
The
Unwiu.
Counti'ss
"
blue, and
Ingman.
Hardcastle
Chrissie
"
each.
Etta
King
James
"
Nelson, dark
colours
John
"
crimson
"
Society recommends
Pea
Eckford,
^iciirlrt,
Ula^/i."Mva.
J'i'def
of
Sweet
Carniim;
inifl
Cerise.
Lord
the best in their
as
'
quite distinct."
are
of the National
Effect, bright
J
maroon;
mauve,
Best
varieties
\
Alexandra
Queen
{Purple
Gordon.
Pierce.
and
Prince
i(/;(c)."
Olaf.
and
Paradise
52
of
description
it
is
The
be
in
come
is
threes
It
and
waved,
Threes
The
fail
cannot
to
the
favourite
highly
popular
(W.
A
borne
are
with
the
alike
for
striking
Lumley,
Dawn
variety,
threes
in
public,
the
market,
and
class
marking,
The
flowers
and
Denvilles,
in
fours.
The
is
with
colour,
large
are
colour
likely
and
exhibition,
the
certificate.)
pink
variety
stem.
in
Nurseries,
and
and
on
deep
waved.
is well
the
substance
form
(First
border
flower
manner
of
both
lovely
rosy
The
abundance
this
The
standard.
in
flowers
colouring
of
pink.
popular.
beautifully
and
the
is
charming
"
with
and
exquisite
Oliver
one
a
There
variety
and
substantial,
of
bold
The
"
hues
the
of
bordered
heart
in
become
centre,
very
broadly
they
or
The
rose.
Carnforth).
idea
an
marked-
certificate.)
class
Warton,
give
is
Hants).
creamy
Bolton,
disposed
C'oii.stniice
Havant,
(First
delicate
with
full
prominent
a
blush,
pale
wings
and
clearly
is
but
the
rose,
overlaid
will
plentiful.
are
bloom.
(R.
into
is
soft
is
standard
deep
imposing
size,
huge
of
are
considerable,
not
fours.
is cream,
and
flowers
Jeannie
and
massive
most
broad,
cream
Bell
deeply
descends
is
as
Queen
variety.
the
The
beautiful
a
Henry
Sutton's
of
one
But
than
flower
substantial
more
Gordon."
Jeannie
Spencer
"A
remarkably
described
Mrs.
is
waving
standard
might
and
it
The
feature.
be
introduced.
yet
substance.
The
would
indeed,
;
varieties
of
this
larger, bolder,
a
Gordon
of
PEAS
SWEET
and
is
a
become
to
culture.
garden
of merit.)
(Award
Paradise
A
Severn).
variety
large, substantial,
that
of
The
flowers
variety,
merit.)
(Miss
Ivory
the
and
of
is
the
flowers.
sure
The
yellows,
borne
of
in
a
Holdfast
Hemus,
all-conquering
waved
so-called
are
Evelyn
and
threes
wide
Spencer
is well
and
is
colour
type,
quite
It
most
of
growers.
a
is, with
distinct
by
is
Upton-on-
that
indicated
fours.
constituency
Hall,
the
from
name-
pleasing
(Award
of
CHAPTER
Raising
Cross
Fertilisation."
in
or,
has
fact, of
a
knows
never
flowers
one
value
monetary
Sweet
Peas,
been
but,
lot
the
of
grows
is able
of
raise
to
beautiful
very
Sweet
Pea
Show,
and
be
others,
will
up
the
Robert
to
be
apparent
to
upon
blossoming
will
reason.
The
than
the
plain
standard
fixed,
and
when
stocks
indeed
to
find
break
Many
are
obtained
"
"
rogues
from
them.
among
53
of
honour
been
my
were
me,
National
been
believed
plussed
non-
and
myself
with
common
many
something
day
one
good
garden.
of
many
latter
reliable
Who
are
growers
will
dare
two
or
rogues"
difficult
more
and
not
are
season
"
throw
the
a
Mr.
raising
varieties
after
are
flowers.
the
of
workers
most
of
waved
and,
varieties
sorts.
in
the
and
away
waved
I
experience
true,
come
to
was
who
intents
all
unstable
that
says
to
the
to
experience
most
wide
a
varieties,
new
depended
of correct
no
of
has
who
the
It has
visits
which
own
my
it is the
which,
on
that
is the
It
"
no
to
Peas,
doubt
hope
peculiar
that
Pea
Sydenham,
distributing
on
Flower.
Sweet
Pea
of
I,
it.
the
grower
familiar, I have
what
the
in
!
seeing,
Still
!
alas
equally
Sweet
something
"
Unstable
among
at
possessor
plodding
am
turn
An
other
new
Sweet
who
that
the
with
goes
of
but,
new,
some
same
sole
the
quite
or
cash
breeding
cross-
everyone
rightly claim
may
have
are
many
and
gardens,
prove
which
happens
frequently
who
varieties
new
disappointed
the
purposes,
!)
so
the
cross-bred
many
almost
though
it
may
sweets
that
Now
as
seems
hand
the
one
ling
seed-
be, but
and
raised
tasted
not
whatever
and
and
have
I
variety first is he
several
will
light in several
to
comes
its introduction
lot
to
trying
fix the
to
his
of the
per
raisers.
it
(and
fact that
they
perpetuating,
Peas,
varieties,
new
the
to
probably
worth
have
I
due
cent,
raiser.
fortunate
Peas
is
variety
same
far,
so
more
Sweet
them
the
raising
to
largely
Sweet
Ninety-nine
most
be
may
to
is
up."
worthless,
cent,
per
view
a
that
turn
may
be
may
remaining
of
"
of
cross-fertilisation
charm
a
Peas
Sweet
with
fiower,
any
what
New
The
special charm,
VII
to
for
fix
absolutely
it is
rare
prophesy
54
PEAS
SWEET
when
the
waved
will
varieties
the
disappoint,since
to
cease
first
dency
Spencer, itself still exhibits a tenvariety known, Countess
be done
that much
is no doubt
There
may
to sportiveness?
to
true
stocks
ensure
by careful selection and seed saving, and
least
of
rigorous elimination
rogues,"and lastly,but by no means
waved
"
of
all,by holding
growing
stocks,and
the
is satisfied that he has
them
until the grower
on
of
influence
The
true.
them
soil,or situation,
Peas.
effect on Sweet
climate,or all three combined, has a- marked
home
at
which
Varieties
have
by the
proved true when
grown
raisers have sported in the most
extraordinary fashion when grown
in University College Gardens, Reading, in the trials of the Sweet
Pea Society.
Self-Fertilisation."
There
is no reason
who grows
why anyone
should
not
Peas
raise
varieties
Sweet
new
attempt to
by crossor
fertilisation if he wishes
do
to
is to say, there is no
reason
work
is concerned, for it is
so, and
far
so
thinks
it worth
the actual
as
while.
carrying out
That
of the
perfectlysimple, and to a certain extent
operation. All that I can attempt to do here
purely mechanical
is to explain* to the
a
It is for him
effected.
to
the
achieve
carries
who
best
the
flower
bees
have
go,
results.
be fixed
Mr.
the
actual
is
if he wishes
study of the matter
Biffen, of Cambridge University,
and
selection
that
statement
absolutely. So far
bud
cross-fertilisation
of the
stage.
Sweet
One
has
as
on
any
my
Pea
Mendelian
variety, even
experience and
is effected while
often
been
told that
noticed
been
the flowers,carrying
busily at work among
the
other, and this has been taken by many
one
amateurs
conclusive
to
such
But
the
a
the fertilisation
pollen from
by bees.
with
is still in the
as
make
to
credited
sorts,may
observation
how
cross-fertilisation
out
is
principles,
waved
reader
evidence
observers
that
cross-fertilisation is effected
fail to take
into consideration
the fact
get the
only
pollen when the flower has passed the
bud
that self-fertilisation has
experience goes to show
then taken place.
There
is,however, one
touched
point that I have never
seen
to leave a loophole for some
and that seems
slightdoubt as to
upon
that
the bee
can
stage, and
whether
the action
of the bee
with
been
proved (not
cross-
fertilisation has
a
cross-bred progeny
at
so
late
a
stage
be void.
must
It has
Sweet
Peas, but with other flowers)that when
taken place a short time after self-pollination,
has resulted,owing to the action of the
foreign
pollen being stronger than that of the flower's
of the Sweet
I should
imagine in the case
Pea
pollen. But
self-fertilisation
own
RAISING
would
actuallyhave
It is
generallyadmitted
NEW
SWEET
PEAS
55
taken
place before foreign pollen could possibly
be introduced
since at any
several
rate
by insect agency,
days
elapse between the period of self-fertilisation and the opening of the
bloom
of the stigma being reached by the bees.
to admit
sufficiently
Pea
I,
blooms
in
with
common
convinced
by
have
can
that
no
that
a
small
beetle
which
is fond
of Sweet
part in effectingcross-fertilisation.
the
great majority of Sweet
cross-fertilisation
of the
Sweet
Pea
Pea
In
fact,
feel
growers,
is
possible only
artificial means.
Cross-Fertilisation
will
be
gathered from
these remarks
that when
wishes to impregnate the stigma of one
one
Sweet Pea with pollen from
other distinct variety with a view
some
to effecting
be removed
from the seed-bearing
must
a cross, the anthers
this just as the petals
to do
parent early. In fact it is necessary
One first removes
the petals (although when
begin to show colour.
one
a
has become
small
Explained."
expert in the work
pair of scissors with
the
It
this is not
fovrnd necessary) with
long pointed blades.
which
It is then
bear
easy
to
the
pollen.
to
pollen
already
sure
necessary
vain.
otherwise
the
labour
will
be
off
the
shed,
By stripping
petals
from the flower to" be used as the male
the
anthers
pollen parent
or
has to do is to transfer the pollen to the
are
exposed, and all one
get
at
stamens
and
It is most
stigma of
cut
off the
anthers
make
the flower
which
the
that
is to
act
as
the
is not
seed-bearer.
That
is
an
when
the stigma
explanation of the operation. The proper moment
is ready to receive the pollen can
by experience,
only be ascertained
and the state of the pollen is also important. It should
be used
when
in young
of a bright yellow colour, invariably to be found
When
it has lost its yellow colour
though properly opened blooms.
and becomes
sure
greyish or white it is useless. In order to make
after crossthat no
by insect agency
foreign pollen is introduced
treated
is
of the flowers
effected each
so
pollination has been
enclosed in a small muslin
bag.
To those who
to the practiceof raisingcrossbred
altogether new
are
Peas, the first year'scrop of bloom from the seeds of the
cross-fertilised flowers will be disappointing, for it usually consists
of blossoms
of uniform
or
mauve.
colouring,ugly purple, or maroon
but in my
The
colour varies in different crosses,
experience seed
from
the same
produces flowers of similar colouring. But
cross
of disappointing colours gives in the
seed saved from these blooms
following year a variety of flowers, possibly one or two good and
Sweet
many
bad.
It
is then
that
one
must
determine
whether
or
not
56
SWEET
saving. Tlie accompanying illustrations
points not already
to elucidate
serve
any
variety is worth
explanations should
any
one
and
made
PEAS
clear.
A
Simple
of
Exposition
in
Theory
Mendelian
the
taken
widespread interest
in Mendel's
theory relative to the cross-breeding of plants, a fewbe welcomed
by raisers,or would-be
elementary observations
may
Sweet
Pea.s. To follow out Jilendel's laws to any
raisers,of new
extent
is an exceedingly intricate study, for it leads to a multiplicity
than to
of confusing equations that are
calculated
to repel rather
Cross-Breeding."
of
view
In
the
assist the student.
Mendel
and
Experiments.
His
considering the
of place to take a
Before
"
be out
laws it may
not
application of Mendel's
Mendel
of Mendel
himself.
a
George Johann
was
passing view
Alt-Briinn.
In 1851
he
at
priest in an Augustinian foundation
and
moved
to Vienna
spent four years there studying physics and
natural
science.
the
From
report of the Koyal Horticultural
FIG.
CROSS-FEETILISATION
7."
Z, external
of
parts
i, alee, or
flower
wings
;
j, carina,
of
k, calyx, composed
of them
nine
remaining
this
at
even
ovules,
pollen
is free
one
is seen
become
to
to
is
PEA
other
be
of
n,
carried;
blossom
in
ten
anthers
number,
inside
of
which
by
stamens
stigma
usually
self-fertilisation
pistil
or
the
are
of
o,
:
solitary carpel,which
a
pod,
young
a
of
fila'nentsor stalks, the
VaeK
by
standard;
or
parts
sepals ; 1, stamens,
tube
sced^;
fertilising"dust"
or
a
SWEET
/(,re.villnm
A,
pistil,consisting
; m,
early stage
destined
called
into
being jnined
keel.
or
leaves
corolla:
of
parts
or
THE
OF
which
receptive
organ.
stem
B, flowering
:
effected
been
of
anthers
;
p,
stamens),
; the
burst
C,
; r,
anthers
which
D, emasculated
desired
be
effected,
removed
are
emasculation
;
stage
from
wings
and
the
being
the
flower
held
open
(',
wing
are
to
flower
variety
of effective
by
depressed by
pollen cases
keel
a
before
(shown
keel
; n;
be
cut
to
be
; x,
section
carpel
for
clearness): t, sepals ;
pod
or
; y,
stamens
from
off.
(in section) :
is
in
feathered
stigma
applied liberally by means
-z,
to
which
of
a
pollenof
camel-hair
brush.
E, result
of
(removal
emasculation
the
has
; s, keel.
wings
standard
10,
when
at
flower-dressing tweezers,
anthers
before
flower
must
when
stage
at
q, blossom
Chrysanthemum
needle
flower
pollination and
fertilisation
:
a,
pod
open
;
b, seeds.
POLLEN
V.
100
Z-E
FIG.
7."
CBOSS-PEBTILISATION
OF
THR
SWEET
4
t+AT.
PEA.
58
PEAS
SWEET
Society
on
that
was
it
the
Conference
during Mendel's
interested
in
the
sojourn
1906,
that
Vienna
at
it appears
he became
afterwards
he
hybridisation,for
of
problems
in
Breeding
Plant
on
began in the gardens of the Cloister
in confirst series was
nection
The
remarkable
series of experiments.
a
with the edible Pea, and
closely is the subject of his
so
more
Pea that something
early experiments related to the Sweet
returned
than
Brtinn
to
brief
and
mention
at once
of his
is
work
appropriate
We
here.
can
notes
picture Mendel
tending his plants and making exact
upon
their characters,for he was
As a result of these
keen
observer.
a
the results
discovered
certain laws that govern
experiments Mendel
be applied to
of cross-breeding. As
laws
far
how
these
to
can
Sweet
be found
Mendel
out.
to
Peas, a great deal still remains
worked
their
behaviour
continuously with
Peas, and followed
through many
law, his
example of Mendel's
generations. As an
experiments in crossing green-seeded with yellow-seeded Peas are
tabulated
the opposite page.
be mentioned
that both
It should
on
types
in the
were
results
the
are
From
first
place taken
whichever
same
this table it will be
it will continue
obtained
to
similar
relationshipof
result
only the
in
occurrence
in the other
occurs
which
the
in
in
see
pure
and
the
generation is to be entirely dominant, but
of the same
quality,in the one in an active,and
this relation
inactive,condition.
Hence, whenever
first
revealed
in the
applied
generations
certain
and
Sweet
pairs of
raisers of Sweet
active
Peas
laws
Peas.
Peas
or
the
character
dominant
cross.
Unbalanced
these
Sweet
of
matic
syste-
whether
decides
that
parents chosen
two
the
It is not
purple flowers.
is alone
far
is pure
the character
once
in other
;
it is the
to
to
that when
seen
parents
how
the seed-bearer.
parent is made
the
Balanced
to
an
stocks,also that the
true
words, it is fixed. Mendel
results by crossing other pairs of characters,for
wrinkled
seed, tall and dwarf growing kinds, and,
breed
instance,round or
singularly enough, white
the
from
Crosses.
of
heredity
We
"
can
can
be,
Mr.
Biffen
asserts
follow
the
^lendelian
characters, while,
on
the
proceed
now
or
have
been,
that
successive
laws
in
regard
hand,
most
other
agreed that it is impossible to foretell the
of a cross
with
nature
its parents.
degree of certainty from
any
Messrs. Mackereth, of Ulverston, announce
that they hope soon
to
bring some
startlingresults to light bearing upon
Mendel's
laws
which
will simplify the process
of fixing Sweet
Peas.
With
these
somewhat
before us it may
conflictingstatements
be of interest to
are
60
PEAS
SWEET
the
note
applicationto
is either
there
evidence
for
crossing of Sweet
the
against Mendelism
or
A
Peas.
remarkable
and
its
instance
by Mr. C. C. Hurst, Burbage,
of Black
Knight,
the following varieties ; specimen flowers
among
their
Sadie
Cupid, Salopian, and
Burpee, Pink
Cupid, White
in Fi (firstgenerdominance
ation)
hybrid formg, showing Mendelian
of red over
Cupid, long over
red, tall over
white, purple over
round
pollen grains,whilst the segregation in F^ (breaking up in the
in support
second
of Mendelism
generation)
accordance
few
with
the
cases
to revert
to an
is recorded
and
Mendelian
purity of recessives
the
laws..
hybrid characters
older
or
But
^Slr.Hurst
like neither
were
form, e.g. Black
ancestral
in
F3
also found
in
were
that in
a
parent, but appeared
Knight x Pink Cupid
obtained at
A
similar result was
purple cross-breds.
Cambridge by crossing "White
Cupid (dwarf habit, round
pollen
grains)with White Bush (tallgrowing, long pollen); the hybrid was
much
taller than the taller parent and had purple flowers,being,
therefore,a reversion both in height and colour.
all wild
gave
Yet
another
foregoing
of
case
even
more
remarkable
than
the
delian
Menon
independent workers
laws.
Most
Sweet
have
Peas
it might be observed
long
has usually round
pollen grains, but the white Emily Henderson
A
few
of
this
found
to have long pollen,
pollen.
plants
varietywere
like most
other Sweet
Peas.
pollen variety was
Now, the round
crossed with the long pollen variety. Not
losingsight of the fact
that both varieties were
and having white
for practicalpurposes
one
flowers,nevertheless the result of crossing gave seed, all of which
chocolate
produced plants bearing flowers with
purple standards
and
purple wings. Although these instances of reversion do not
conform
to the law already described,yet Mendelian
workers
ably
reasonclaim
obtained
reversion
was
that
such
by
cases
two
may
occur
in
accordance
with
relative
far
imperfectly understood, and here it might be pointed out
study is still quite in its infancy" to which its many
fections
impershould
be attributed.
^Mendel's
to
Strange
work,
say,
conducted
fiftyyears ago, remained
unknown
the
over
to
practically
until the year
world
his patient investigations were
1900, when
laws
so
that this
re-discovered
In
and
made
known
to
science.
conclusion, let it not be imagined that by crossing, say,
Spencer with Lady Grisel Hamilton
that the resultant
will be all pinks or all lavenders.
Some
Sweet
Peas never
and
will
been,
probably never
be, fixed, and to none
does this
Countess
crosses
have
apply
more
than
those
of
the Countess
Spencer type.
In
crossing
RAISING
varieties
unfixed
characters
limit,
be
in
least
in
obtained.
The
horticulturists
is
select
only
the
pairs
of
horticulturists,
do
find
an
opponent
of
scope
of
cause
former
at
are
characters
the
diversity
confusion
in
once
of
other
laws,
the
in
single
these
parent.
and
of
and
of
there
colours
with
is
Mendel's
constant,
antagonistic
no
to
so
scientists
between
following
are
dealing
obviously
Mendel's
which
regardless
in
is
to
61
PEAS
one
generation,
the
which
whilst
not
the
first
that
SWEET
natures
whole
characters
with
their
outside
quite
at
NEW
and
footsteps
and
deal
qualities
;
rules,
cross
qualities
which
VIII
CHAPTER
"Don'ts"
for
DON'T
sow
the
seeds
before
DON'T
sow
the
seeds
in
fail
DON'T
to
them
placing
the
omit
wish
you
placing
autumn,
inches
that
flower
seeds
omit
DON'T
a
feet
two
if
sorts
show.
in
deep
about
manure
that
and
the
eighteen
to
general
sowing
the
inches
flowers.
Sweet
grow
plants
to
with
Peas
result
of
be
in the
seen
those
of
small
planting
in
really
unlike
not
the
are
the
long.
vigorous
leaves
finer
to
the
soil is cultivated
the
soil.
the
seedlings
the
week
in
is the
best
second
April
January.
in
that
note
high, if the
feet
ten
say,
possible
the
with
out
sown
are
is
texture,
plant
Peas,
twenty
or
gardens,
to
forget
if the
best
very
other
any
(in reason)
it
well-manured
deeply-dug,
DON'T
the
least
at
plants, and
the
that
fact
size
in
cabbages
be
remember
to
growers'
best
April.
in
or
able
suit-
flowers
grow
deep.
deeper
eighteen
stems
fail
DON'T
for
will
the
ignore
foot
one
the
vigorous
DON'T
National
heavy.
early February,
or
to
growing
of
Sweet
grow
only dug
forget
more
doors
layer of well-decayed
a
can
you
is
ground
DON'T
of
soil is
deep.
deep.
think
DON'T
you
feet
two
garden
wish
if
ground
the
dig
to
the
at
compete
to
out
item
necessary
neglect
DON'T
Plant
least
January
in
pots
greenhouse,
a
exhibition.
for
DON'T
in
in
at
if your
autumn
seeds
sow
soil
the
digging
the
Growers
Pea
Sweet
the
of
middle
Sweet
of
Peas
February
out
of
doors
for
time
garden
decoration.
fail
DON'T
to
eighteen
twelve
or
several
feet
DON'T
your
remember
distant
think
it
aim
is to
is
that
inches
from
absolutely
grow
flowers
exhibitors
in
apart
each
62
the
out
their
row,
plants
having
the
some
rows
other.
necessary
for
set
house
to
practise
and
garden
this
method
decoration.
if
PEAS
SWEET
64
DON'T
Peas
expect Sweet
in
DON'T
April to
be
as
fine
those
as
sown
February,
forget that
cultivation
early sowing
PEA
(ON'E
imagine that
plot of ground for
you
an
battle in the successful
.
LORD
OF
is half the
Pea
of the Sweet
SWEET
BLUE
DON'T
in
sown
THE
can
NELSOX
FINEST
grow
OR
BLUE
Sweet
indefinite number
BRILLIANT
VARIETIES).
Peas
well
on
the
same
of years.
be far better to grow
forget that it would
two
one
or
crops
of potatoes occasionally,for there is such a thing as
landwhen
kind
of crop is grown
for
sickness,"and this occurs
one
DON'T
"
a
DON'T
number
of years
forget that
as
on
a
the
rule
same
ground.
the varieties with
plain standards
are
A
SWEET
PEA
FARM.
PEAS
SWEET
m
better
suited
of the
newer
some
flimsy petals.
rather
have
sorts, which
waved
than
weather
effects of bad
the
withstand
to
in gathering Sweet
Peas, cut or break the stalks, but gently
DON'T,
the stalk joins the
of the socket, that is, where
out
pull them
stem.
DON'T
forget that
October
is
which
DON'T
must
you
recognised
fail to
if
nine
the
hazel
sticks
Sweet
Peas.
inches
Sweet
quite
are
the
sticks
firmly, putting
of the
are
growers
best
material
to
issues
the
fifth week
either the last week
the
first week
in every year"
in February.
opinion that
for staking
use
forget that l^ie (gardener
DON'T
hoped
and
for.
soil.
Pea
the
to
(,'iinlener,
all dead
remove
is to be
the
in.sert
to
in
to
of bloom
season
July
paper.
essential
it is most
long
most
Pea
The
in
given
advice
from
bloom
in
Peas
the Sweet
as
a
ten
or
forget that
DON'T
follow
staking, neglect
when
them
Sweet
that
note
fading blossoms
DON'T,
have
to
specialSweet
a
Pea Number
in
January
or
live in the suburbs, neglect to grow
if you
Sweet
Peas in
DON'T,
this
is
of
the
most
quite one
delightful phases of
tubs, for
suburban
gardening.
be in too
DON'T
and
a
to
Curtis
imagine that
with
DON'T
think
are
Peas.
that
because
you
a
these
Sweet
straight rows
or
three
are
few
the
are
They
kinds
strong
grow
fall off.
may
of Sweet
Peas
together,
pleasing.
the result is most
associations that
only colour
are
but
a
nearly everyone
obliged to do the
forget that zigzag rows
from the straight rows, but
you
all the buds
colour
DON'T
DON'T
Peas
Eckford, with Komolo
Piazzani, Clara
AValter
VII.
with
"Wright, King Edward
Dorothy Eckford,
pleasing results.
DON'T
or
Sweet
your
Henry
Mrs.
with
make
carefullychosen
are
forget that
to
manure,
two
grow
for if the colours
D"_)N'T
hurry
lusty by applying
neglect
DON'T
big
not
are
arrangements
sible
pos-
Sweet
Peas
Pea
in
same.
only provide welcome
new
most
of many.
grows
themselves
fail to try some,
at least,of the
of the sweets
miss one
of Sweet
advertised in I'he Cardencr,
few
give
very
relief
attractive.
varieties
growing.
every
They
year,
are
or
all
IX
CHAPTER
your
of
light and
why
inclined
small
The
efforts.
kinds
all
is
this
not
of
flowers,
Peas
the
reason
so
mediocre
failures,
attributable
are
I
the
to
create
their
own
and
grow,
satisfactory
most
results
think
which
will
it
Sweet
an
Perhaps
to
achieve
For
am
have
raised, and
flowers
only with
not
Peas
from
give
to
many
1
I
been
more
of
cultivation
reason
Peas.
to
has
expect
easiest
the
of
one
as
that
Sweet
share
good
cultivation.
of
to
fair
Sweet
somewhat
difficult
come
elementary
found
be
generally
have
described
be
only
can
is
are
a
Sweet
which
tended
well-grown
Pea
most
Yet
results.
of
Sweet
has
flowers
of
stir
its
scarcely
is
cultivation
years
growers
only the
needs
tremendous
standard
the
even
the
these
that
impression
attempt
than
less
soil, this
good
few
has
and
the
last
Oardens
Suburban
suburbs,
and
that
the
during
that
the
not
think
to
it is that
in
sunshine
should
you
made
is
garden
If
in
Peas
Sweet
most
Peas, but
neglect
with
elementary
of
details.
the
And
of
chief
of
a]iplications
(as
French
the
give
to
in
suburban
really
dig.
Dig
the
but
two
I,
soil
is
Sweet
grow,
eight
ground
the
dug,
in
Peas
feet
;
feet
while
three
three
will
higher
Mr.
feet
which
high
T.
deep
the
so
So
who
seeds
feet
the
;
in
Jones
and
Peas
only
dug
other
Peas
grow
68
to
The
Sweet
ground
and
in the
deep.
contain
the
to
and
is
I
Sweet
grow
is to
be
not
sown,
deeper
in
grow.
For
twelve
exhibitors
twelve
can
Peas
dig, dig,
foot
one
the
reason
instance,
inches
deep
hanced.
en-
have
to
advice
suburbs)
and
soil
said
best
feet
mesure
of
be
very
famous
ten
A
latter
digging
it may
about
two
of
heavy
the
plants.
value
are
fact
render
to
of
application
In
conditions
wishes
well
the
the
garden
grown
where
even
tubs
six
say,
be
can
roots
as
usefulness.
gardener
border
or
say)
free
digging.
liable
are
suburban
the
of
(and they
dee]
would
the
even
of
the
to
suitability,
in
maximum
any
soil
undug
gardeners
well
neglect
uncongenial
Therefore,
the
reached
digging, for
for
up
manure
decrease
atmosphere
is
to
altogether
and
these
make
cannot
manure
sour
of
of
they
trench
feet
soil
reach
the
high.
PEAS
SAVEET
(From
a
GROWN
IN
pliotograplikindly
sent
TUBS
hy Mr.
AND
BOXES.
Breadmore.)
But
PEAS
SWEET
70
in the latter
send
them
manure
height.
a
There
is
below
the
so
this and
of
hold
get well
or
digging alone does not
a
layer of well-rotted
that
doubt
no
eighteen inches
some
roots
such
to
up
is
there
case
three
the
when
surface, and
the
cultivated
of
feet
-
soil
they rise !
Deep digging, early sowing, careful watering in spring,thorough
of all incipientseed pods, are
and
the removal
watering in summer,
of and
the chief items to be taken
note
practised by the suburban
would
be successful,but above
in fact who
by every grower
grower,
varieties
I can
all by the suburban
Sojne
thoroughly recommend
grovi'er.
it is little wonder
that
are
King Edward
VII.,
garden in the suburbs
Mrs.
Walter
andra,
AlexHelen
Wright, Queen
Pierce, Jeannie
Gordon,
all
and Dorothy Eckford,
vigorous free-blooming sorts.
No
Sweet
in Tuts
Boxes.
and
Feas
one
can
plead lack
Sweet
of space as an apology for neglecting to grow
Peas, since they
for
the
"
will
that
succeed
prize
I do
in window-boxes.
even
flowers
be
had
from
not
far
so
go
plants thus
the
to
as
say
but, at
if kept well watered
(that is to say, if the soil is always
any rate
kept moist) and all blossoms
picked off as they fade, there
are
will be quite a fair display. But in tubs and boxes when
the plants
to root, reallyfirsthave, say, twelve inches depth of soil in which
be had, plants that will give, at any
rate
plants can
rate, three
blooms
on
a
may
July until October.
look
the
butter
All
they
need
careful
excellent
an
which
to make
them
substitute
as
will
blossom
is found
in
had
very
from
for shrubs
made
are
cheaply from
look quite presentable is a
be
may
attention
tubs, such
Ornamental
best, but
tubs
with
stem, and
grown,
the
disused
the
grocer.
coat
two
or
of
paint. They will last at least two seasons, and to make
them
efficient as plant growers
few holes are bored in the base by
a
covered
with
of a red-hot
a
piece
means
poker. The holes are
of
of flower-pot, some
material
such
pieces
turf,or dead
rough
as
the tub is
is placed in the bottom, and
leaves, or rough manure
ready for fillingwith the prepared soil mixture.
This should
Tubs.
consist chieflyof turfy loam,
Filling the
turves
pulled into pieces about the size of a pigeon's egg-^and
be made
firm by ramming
all things it must
above
with
flata
In
wooden
bottomed
rammer.
mixing the soil well decayed
dark
green
"
"
may
manure
three-fourths
tubs
in
within
an
inch
be
added
of the
unless
or
at
former.
the
the
rate
Sweet
soil is made
less of the
rim,
for
of
one-fourth
Peas
cannot
firm.
The
of
be
latter to
grown
tubs
the soil will sink
the
are
fully
success-
filled to
quite
an
inch
FOR
the
during
eight
or
would
experience
a
apart,
a
certain
do
not
in
the
each
in
the
until
out
give
in
tubs
plants
as
dozen
a
than
would
Peas
much
least
at
my
might
apart
Sweet
so
have
to
method.s
with
met
slightly
by
sown
in
plants
progress
of
with
away
artificial
manures
requiring
the
the
to
buds
when
diluted
This
is safer
found
for
by
to
most
with
it
the
and
and
most
so
to
the
as
advisable.
suburban
off.
garden
the
fertiliser
Sweet
As
Peas
to
are
suitable.
plants
is
soon
of
be
matter
a
will
cause
given
only
recommendation.
directly
varieties,
is
tubs
makers'
in
places,
application
should
This
together
the
overdose
least
general
outline
The
in
have
two
or
As
of
formality
The
fall
one
seen
but
pulled
neat.
growing
according
far
them
have
The
are
in
flowers.
attention.
careful
water
and
Peas
sprinkling
than
;
Sweet
sticks
during
tubs,
sticks.
them
or
shoota
yellow
turn
it in
watering
to
the
in
Peas
hazel
keep
to
stiffness
I
;
careful
(3)
supplies
flowers.
if the
round
tied
sufficient
tendency
any
of
use
firm
made
;
copious
Sweet
improved
string,
just
but
the
to
is
plants
February
fading
staking
soil
of
believe
I
success
turfy
rooted,
and
for
superior
means
tightly
dead
adopted
the
well
to
good
middle
are
of
essentials
with
the
plants
any
of
appearance
tubs
in
removal
The
"
the
seeds
the
and
various
have
reckon
(1) filling
:
sowing
summer,
done
or
.Success.
to
these
be
watering
not
reason
branch
and
each,
plants
that
is
tubs
satisfactorily
dozen
six
at
the
inches
more
the
seeds
tub.
(2)
not
doors
apart,
The
plants
six
at
the
followed
dozen
a
of
out
sowing
were
plants
inches
I
ground.
open
ground
vigorously
so
grow
six
tub.
a
half
71
of
method
than
three
at
return
Essentials
to
of
think
to
this
although
area
plants
better
it
as
more
that
GARDENS
absurd
is
contain
is
dozen
a
It
season.
inches
hardly
cover
SUBURBAN
tubs
those
on
are
the
soil
and
concerned
already
mended
recom-
I
X
CHAPTER
Sweet
Pea
Trials
Questions
to
New
Sweet
Countess
Spencer,
(irieve,
Helen
do
Peas
A.
J.
mention
Sweet
the
in
will
plants
varieties
VIL,
and
but
pay,
Countess
are
rather
that
this
Yes
for
they
they
and
Hamilton,
in
a
Excellent
Edward
King
procurable
are
you
accessible
grown.
Eckford,
Dorothy
as
situated
readily
are
well
be
must
but
matter.
are
blooms
James
Oliver, and
not
you
advise
Ingman,
expensive,
will
if
;
cut
Spencur,
Grisel
Lady
assume
markets
good
be
may
sliould
Constance
Ireland,
Market."
for
which
tbese
price I
the
Peas
district
of
Some
John
Dyke,
Etta
Andrew
Mrs.
I
Garden."
Small
a
Hemus,
Evelyn
Cook,
Lewis.
not
for
Replies
of
Chapter
Troubles-A
and
at
able
reason-
prices.
Selection
should
I
but
also
to
A.
liosie
airy place.
the
pods
a
suitable
stable
manure,
for.
looked
fences,
and
ramble
the
for
Manure
but
it
worked
afterwiinls
be
must
at
dry the
until
time
time
least
as
you
for
kind
Pea
is of
and
of
Sweet
;
of
a
in
feet
get
out
both
I
mention
you
for
great
pods should
seed
in
paper
on
taken
maybe
seeds
loamy
soil
it does
sowing
round.
soil,plentifully enriched
which
the
.service
for
covering
look
of
out
comes
from
not
dry
a
amiss
results
best
arbours,
allowed
when
to
rockery.
Peas.
applied
can
sowing
is the
stones
ih
the
The
"
spread
thoroughly
trelliswoik,
over
three
the
Pea,
ripe, and
dry
This
rather
often
are
quite distinct, but
Of
Everlasting
quite
kept
ought
Menie
and
Ingman.
or
When
and
is
March
with
.John
one,
You
blues,
as
blooms
are
twelve.
excellent
an
Uuwin.
Nora
the
ilarquis
of
is
Nelson
Lord
The
set
a
"hen
collected
and
aie
in
Perennial
The
and
and
Adams
recommend
should
be
J.
required
not
Cook
for
Dyke
Etta
list
The
"
colour, cerise, though
its
for
small.
Peas.
Sweet
substitute
grow
Christie
are
of
the
in
on
Farmyard
"
autnnin,
depth.
the
72
and
In
ground,
is
manure
the
prick
should
ground
February,
in
nr
a
excellent,
as
mixture
be
soon
of
3
TRIALS
parts of superphosphate of lime
at the rate
manure,
of 3
with
water, will
12 inches
oz.
the
to
occasional
be
and
Everlasting
persistentgrowers
not
Peas."
2
parts of sulphate of potash
yard. Surface mulching of short
and soot
waterings Avith nitrate of soda
square
of great benefit.
asunder, and
73
TROUBLES
AND
The
than
more
These
are
plants should
three
stems
useful
and
must
be
at
least
be retained.
showy,
and
such
positionswhere
that
they will live and thrive in
be seen
and
then they may
plants
exist,fpr now
in courtyards sending up their shoots between
the joints of bricks,
or
running up and supporting themselves
by grasping with their
in
tendrils the branches
in hedgerows of cottage gardens or shrubs
borders
which
fresh
with
overwhelm
but
clothe
they almost
This
habit
and
of themselves
beauty.
fucility for taking care
render
these Everlasting Peas
of the way
of great value -for out
in either of
places,or the backs of borders in front of evergreens,
which
positionsthey are very effective.
of Lime
for
In the event of
Sweet
Peas."
Superphosphate
liberal with
a hot, dry season
to be very
you will find it necessary
the water-can
in growing Sweet
wall ;
Peas against a south-south-east
mulch
of long manure
about
the beginning of July will also be
a
few
other
very
beneficial.
would
Y'ou
Clay's Fertilizer
of
at
the
should
; the
once
other
not
dig in both
superphosphate
rich in the essential
latter is very
and
stituents
con-
but as
it also contains
phosphates
would
the
ammonia
it would
be better used for feeding later than
superphosphate. Of this,I should think 2 ozs. per square
yard a
plot,seeing that you have well manured
very good dressing for your
it. Do not dig it in ; scratch it in with a rake.
for Exhibition."
The
Sweet
Peas
Twenty-four
following
would
make
selection
A.
J.
Chrissie
Cook,
Unwin,
:
a
good
Dora
Constance
Oliver, Countess
Breadmore,
Dorothy
Spencer,
Eckford, Elsie Herbert, Etta Dyke, Evelyn Hemus, Frank
Dolby,
"
viz.
"
Hannah
Grieve, John
Dale, Helen
Lewis, Henry Eckford, James
Nelson,
Ingman, King Edward
VII., Lady Grisel Hamilton, Lord
Menie
Sykes, Mrs. "Walter
Christie,Mrs. Collier,Mrs. Hardcastle
Most
of the principal
and
The
iMarquis.
Wright, Queen Alexandra
I am
of your
to hear
colours are
duplicated, as you wish.
sorry
disappointment with several varieties of the Spencer class, and
shared
it. They
have
fear that
others
are
certainly not fixed,
Spencer. I note that
particularlyAudrey Crier and Burpee's White
George Herbert
that
the
former
and
E. J. Castle
is the
better.
have
As
both
done
regards
well with
your
you,
complaint
and
that
PEAS
SWEETS
74
there
is too
noticed
what
much
the
in
"Meantime
PiucMng
and
I have
Le\yis,
in Helen
little orange
too
places ; Imt I should like to see
ing.
before deciding that the variety is deterioratUJ09
I suggest your
trying ^laggie Stark.
thing in
same
happens
pink
many
will make
Peas
]ilnohingSweet
Peas.-That
Sweet
plants bushy, and
the
also induce
form,
to
%
\
V"
""^
\
taken
4
established
I
m.
'
"
a
as
should
would
the formation
cause
nodules
on
These
are
the
to
of certain
the
to
care
pinching
roots.
due
be
fact, but
not
of
the
may
thoroughly
that
say
lets
root-
more
presence
bacteria
in
soil,and
though
a
pinched plant may
nodules by
carry more
of its increased
reason
root
is
of
to
system, yet there
nothing in the act
pinching directly
promote the growth
bacteria
of
ask
snowixc;
OB
now
the
TAKINIt
SHOOT
out
mkthod
tub
ABOUT
TiHIXGS
OF
A
of
rOINT
OF
THK
STURDY
Sweet
Feas
sowings of Sweet
Ruined
Peas
when
plants run
up
spindly in
not
try
Why
pots.
both pinched and un-
WEAK
weak
MENT
DEVELOPPLAXT
pinched plants for yourself this
by
in pots and
year
vantage
adif any
is gained by
pinching. I certainly
think
especially
so,
.stoitixg
A
the
of nodules.
formation
You
or
and
Mice."
note
I
have
and
the
difference 1
heard
of
several
It
by mice.
how
these creatures
is wonderful
know
where
to find the seeds,and
do well to place some
would
poison about, or traps. I saw a
growers
portion of a valuable sowing of novelties completely destroyed in one
boxes
being ruined
PEAS
SWEET
Spencer, pink
A.
J.
Cook,
Clara
;
but
blue
Curtis, yellow
not
dark; George
'IIIIO
SIIOWINli
EFFECT
.\]Ti:il-llAC-J-|SRIXE.
PR(J,M
(iROWTH
XOTE
be
put
marbled
on
the
OX
IXOei'l.ATEIJ
FROJI
market
variety
with
,j^
^
IXdCUI.ATKIX
SEED
LEFT
:
NOT
OX
I'BEVIOUS
the
Stark,
scarlet
THE
SEED
before
waved
()].'
Dolby,
Frank
;
OX
(tinswill not
WITH
(JROWTH
THE
IXOCIM.ATED.
RIGHT
(SEE
PAtiE.)
of
autumn
standards.
lavender
I
is no
IfXKt). There
should also recommend
;
SAVBBT
PEA
AS
8 INCHES
GBO^VN
IN
IN
DIAMETER.
A
FLOWER
POT
PEAS
SWEET
78
Ireland, bicolor ; IMrs. Henry
Andrew
King, crimson ; Mrs.
with
a
Bell, cream,
deep border of rose ; Evelyn Hemus, cream,
standards, violet wings ; Constance
pink edge ; Eosie Adams, rose
and
Elsie Herbert, white, pink edge,
centre
Oliver, rose,
;
cream
varieties.
All of these are splendid exhibition
You
should
have taken
Peas."
and
Sweet
Superphosphate
out
trench at least twice as wide, viz. two
feet,if you wish to get
a
The
good exhibition
flowers.
Again,
it
was
mistake
a
to mix
the bone meal
I
always believe in keeping
artificials of all sorts
the surface, as they work
down
near
rapidly
with
buried
have acted
rains,and are wasted when
deeply. You
quite correctlyin scattering on and raking in the superphosphate
and
need
not have
the slightestapprehension as to its harming
you
either the seeds or the plants. The
first week
in ilarch is a very
good time to sow, but better wait a few weeks than sow if the soil
is wet
and
does not work
easily.
with
the soil at the
Peas
Sweet
a
are
so
for
Market"
remunerative
very
growers
many
of the
bottom
There
if well
crop
send
now
trench.
is
and
that
Sweet
Pea"
intelligently
handled, but
the London
to
doubt
no
markets
that
competition
is very
keen.
If you
can
dispose of the flowers locallyI would
advise you to do so by all means,
first
as
more
you will make
money
and also avoid railway rates.
hand
In bunching, keep strictly
to one
variety
colour
or
Cut
little sale.
bunches
into
up
a
much
to
get
2s.
Market
Garden
bunch,
flowers
two
of twelve
for
sprays
few
mixed
as
on
spray
bunch,
per
hours
a
Sweet
Peas
opened, make
are
and
command
stand
the ends
before
If
despatching them.
shake about, no packing
are
packed so that they cannot
few sheets of tissue
will be required. Prices vary
paper
to
the supply, but in early June
according
it is not unusual
the bunches
very
each
when
in water
of the stems
beyond
in
Gd.
per
the
a
dozen
bunches
advances
of twelve
sprays
in Covent
prices drop to about
sending to London, select only the best
for
inferior
nothing
has
flowers,
of selling.
a chance
Sweet
Peas
for Early
Bloom."
If your
greenhouse is very
heated, and well equipped with ventilators,there is
light,efficiently
Is. per
no
dozen
apparent
Sweet
Christmas
Peas.
; as
bunches.
why
They
are
reason
onwards
season
the
In
you
should
easy
to
not
manage
successfullygrow
and
will
if the
Telemly
flower
from
plants are kept clean and healthy.
Sweet
Pea
Seedlings
and
Soot."
I
that you
afraid
am
far
have
been
too liberal in the application of soot
to the seedlings
and this is borne out
by your own
the seedlings
experience, i.e.
"
TRIALS
have
to
appear
seedlings
sent
AND
sufifered most
for
TROUBLES
where
examination
the
79
themselves
are
is thickest."
soot
by no
only be
The
free
means
Now,
applying soot it should
given as a
the plants,and if by any
dressing to the soil around
chance
soot has
alighted on the foliageit should
be washed
off with
rosed watera
Generally speaking, soot is a perfectly safe thing to apply ;
can.
be given to the extent
not
which
to
however, it must
you
appear
have
about
is that the soot
done, and another
thing to be sure
from
in
soot.
itself is pure.
Feas,
Sweet
think
that
hard
Tallow
water
Diseasei
was
and
Hard
responsible for the disease
which
that you
have
cleared the
; neither do I think
If Sweet
Peas are
allowing it to lie fallow.
planted on
describe
site
this year there is every
If possible give them
again
attacked.
probabilityof
a
as
their
mixture
you
ground
the
by
same
being again
position,and
complete change
yellow spots.
of
of the first
closelyfor the appearance
they show spray the plants with Bordeaux
watch
I do not
Water."
or
a
As
soon
solution
dose
A
of
sulphide of potassium, ^ oz. to 1 gallon of water.
nitrate of soda, ^ oz. in 1 gallon of water
would
also help the plants
With
to fightthe disease.
regard to softening of water, a simple plan
is to drop in a lump of ordinary washing soda and stir till dissolved.
of
Clumps
growing two
of
Sweet
varieties
Exhibition."
for
Feas
together in the
for exhibition purposes.
Wright a much
stronger
For
same
instance
The
clump is
you
would
not
system
of
able
always suit-
find Mrs. Walter
Queen of Spain, and Helen
will
Lewis
taller and more
vigorous than Henry Eckford
; thus you
that the weaker
variety in each pair hardly has a fair chance.
see
of your
The
remark
clumps ; the
same
applies to several more
would
at all well,
contrast
not harmonise
or
colours,again, of some
One
lose points for garden decoration.
that the clumps would
so
is of such
instance of this will suffice : George Herbert
a
strong and
look like a dirty
Waved
Primrose
vivid colour that it would
make
grower
than
strongly advise you, at any rate for exhibition
to have
only one variety in each clump. You will require
purposes,
of any
variety exhibited, and it will have to be a
wenty sprays
good clump to yield twenty sprays on a given day in spiteof weather
clumps of
If you are entering strong competition, two
fluctuations.
be
too many.
each variety,five or six plants in each, will not
the analysis
Feas."
for
Sweet
Judging from
Manure
Fish
and one
that should be very
obtained
good fertiliser,
a very
you have
will probably be sowing seeds
As you
Peas.
suitable for Sweet
white.
I
would
PEAS
SWEET
80
within
the
once.
Do
scatter
it
per
next
few
weelis
dig
it into
not
square
for autumn
surface
the
on
should
you
bottom
the
it in with
scratch
and
give the ground a dressing at
at
time, but
or
any
soil,now
yard will be a good dressing. The
early winter application.
or
a
raUe
; about
is not
manure
2
oz.
suitable
When
Pea."
a
new
plant or varietyis
Sweet
Fixing a New
after
seed
it
will
true
from
come
properly fixed
year
year without
The
showing any great variation from the original stock.
present
that
and
re-select
is
to
select
to
out the
of
to
is,
pick
fixing
;
system
type and
true
the
It is sometimes
remainder.
this for many
before
necessary
to
and
varietybecomes
properly fixed,
Sweet
be called fixed until they have been proved so
Peas can
never
Yes ; it is possible to take cuttingsof
for at least three seasons.
Sweet
Peas, and it is always advisable first of all to propagate plants
in this way
in the case
of valuable
sports occurring. Yon may
experience a little difficultyin procuring the old-fashioned bicolor
Pea, which as you say, is so sweet scented.
type of Sweet
for
Sweet
Peas."
Ground
As you
Preparing
speak of club
root
I infer that your land is on the light
being bad in cauliflowers,
side.
This being so, you
find superphosphate of lime better
would
than bone-meal
both.
Soot is good on any land,
want
you do not
in from grass
and
would
be especiallyuseful on yours, as land taken
tasteful.
soot is disto which
generally contains a lot of insect and animal life,
have appKed,
You
say nothing of the quantity of lime you
do
"
discard
to
seasons
a
"
but
as
harm
trench
Sweet
Peas
by giving
the
Sweet
soil ; I would
insect pests dislike it you can
another
light dressing. Next
you
year,
Pea plot,and mix the dung with the lower
not
like lime
advise
and
you
to
interfere
with
do
no
should
spitsof
in spring,
it further
beyond giving the soot, superphosphate and lime.
Peas
Sweet
Sweet
Peas
should
not
on
which
care
to
Bamljoo
you
The
Poles."
describe
guarantee its
is such
success
system
unnatural
an
; in any
case,
of
one
it will
growing
that
I
give you
Runner
often trained up
Beans
good deal of trouble.
are
very
single poles in the way you suggest, but they climb naturally,and
without
round
the pole. The
assistance,by twining themselves
and
borne
Pea climbs
Sweet
of tendrils, which
clingsby means
are
a
on
the
ends
of the
Iraves
and
some
distance
from
the main
stem
or
side
out
vigorous plant also throws
numerous
from the
again carry tendrils,but still farther away
branches, which
Thus
will see
main
that by fixingone
stem.
central Bamboo
you
pole to each plant you will be deprivingthe Pea of any support from
central
axis.
A
PEAS
SWEET
82
its tendrils, and
you
will have
to
keep all gruwth
in
place by tying. Try
if successful
the result "would be very pretty,
as
poles by all means,
of work.
You
than the ordinary amount
but be prepared for more
ash
better
than
find
would
rough poles" such as larch, oak, or
each
to
should
plant a nice
give
prefer
bamboos.
Personally, I
twiggy hazel bough.
The
for Exhibition,
Peas
following sixteen
Sweet
Sixteen
"
"
distinct,vigorous, and carry three to four flowers on
stem
Spencer or Paradise, Frank
Nelson, Countess
Dolby,
; IjOrd
a
Helen
John
Helen
Herbert,
George
Pierce,King
or
Ingman
Lewis,
Edward
Unwin, Mrs.
VII., Queen Alexandra, JNIrs. Collier,Nora
Hardcastle
Sykes, Jeannie Gordon, A. J. Cook, Sybil Eckf'ord,Black
varieties
are
all
The above list includes none
of the
Knight, and Dora Breadmore.
of the 1907
and
older varieties. They
IfiiJ.s novelties,but the best
in all but
the
should
be quite good enough to win
strongest
competition.
When
Iiead
and
Sweet
Peas."
Red
properly applied there
is no question that red lead safeguards Sweet
Pea seeds againstbirds,
generally. I do not, however, think you
mice, and ground vermin
will find it efficacious against slugs,as these attack the young
plants
the
the
and not
seeds.
To coat
seeds properly put a little red lead
in a 1 lag, damp the seeds, and then drop them
into the bag, shaking
that they get coated
all over.
them
round
and
round
I do not
so
in what
the red lead could
be injurious to the plant ;
know
way
of any
I
have
heard
certainly never
injury following its use.
It is a deadly poison, but Sweet
Peas are, of course,
that
not
eaten"
On
the other hand, culinary Peas" are
dusted
is,by their growers.
with red lead very generally,and no harm
results.
Pea
Exhibition
S^eet
List
If you
for
Criticism."
only
intend
exhibit
to
in
classes
for twelve
for six varieties you
will
sufficient. However, I may
or
probably find the sixteen'sorts you have
allowed
point out that Countess
not
Spencer and Enchantress
are
stand
the same
varieties
on
by the N.S.P.S., .so that reduces
your
fifteen.
to
Then, Horace
"Wright is scarcely likely to give you
exhibition
I
would
advise
flowers, and
to
Nelson
get Lord
you
I
instead.
Alexandra
have
if
an
^liss
\i. ".
but
list,
think
should
take
you
that
the
variety in
orange
want
you
also
the
either
\ll. or
Iving Edward
Queen
place of Henry Ec-kford,as you already
Helen
Lewis, and no crimson or scarlet ;
latest and
best
in scarlets
Drayson-. j\iidreyCrier
do
not
want
Bobby
K.
would
with
should
purchase
certainly strengthen the
you
ilrs. Hardcastle
Sykes, and
XI
CHAPTER
Autumn-Sown
Autumn-Sowu
is
Pea
Sweet
few
is
Sweet
that
plan
a
doubt
little
that
Gardens
in
the
moisture
passes
of
danger
rooted, and
of
with
8."
SOWING
2-inch
protecting
drawn
j,
inch
other
or
refuse,
on
plants
of
Sweet
north
;
row
Pea
/,
of
h, mulching
lines)
4
;
of
:
feet
drill
y,
with
apartinches
3
order
; a,
ashes
coal
on
hollowed.
plants
Pea
but
not
on
i, place
from
manure
;
ashes
the
Protecting
short
conifer
preferably
Sweet
thick,
row
that
border
sifted
not
plants.
side
weather
south
tree,
;
inches
2
For, of
alternate
of
raised,
the
account
seeds.
it
in
apart
of
or
PEOTECTING
from
feet
is little
good
a
wet
(dotted
evergreen
fibre
giving
0,
thickness
d, soil, thus
of
:
Peas
m,
varieties
bush
dwarf
of
row
1
side
stems
4
which
weather
the
rows
re,
which
spring already well
north.
on
do.
to
in
There
AND
distance
north
formed
Sweet
up
clumps
S, border
on
b,
;
;
for
it
earth
where
or
g,
or
soil
partially
leaves.
R, earthing
or
;
soil
those
spring-sown
and
(N)
the
AUTUMN
:
inches
yew,
cocoanut
It, bank
:
rotted
spruce,
with
contact
ridge
fine
2
surface
placed
of
mulching
is
c,
:
branches,
in
of
ashes
; c,
hedge
in
in
thing
through
best.
during
shelter
shelter
to
placed
covering
soil
fine
seeds
; z,
wall
or
with
parallel
row
deep
fence,
riglit angles
at
soil, than
IN
best
inclement
growth
OUTDOORS
the
while
practice, there
are
thrive
the
fairly dry
general
winter
to
but
autumn,
is
opportunity
hot, dry
a
the
into
better
comparatively
light soil
a
during
start
keeps
board
hedge,
P,
in
off
they
much
a
which
drills
Q,
dying
soil
FIG.
N,
their
and
in
likely
are
it
have
readily
Peas
themselves
course,
wrhich
Sweet
months,
winter
for
gardens
some
country
away
autumn-sown
no
in
the
in
seeds
recommend
cannot
one
that
"
their
sow
growers
believe
I
Feas,
Cuttings-
Pots
in
Peas
Sweet
Growing
from
Peas
Sweet
Peas"
Sweet
or
bush
tall
:
ditto
variety
I, ridges
varieties
furrows;
protected
tall
; p,
ditto
; m,
;
)",
variety
south
84
or
by
tt,
Spruce
protected
sunny
side
of
rows
branches
by
earth
open.
plants.
dwarf
; o,
ridge
; jf,
SC4^"
FIG.
8."
SOWING
OUTDOORS
i
IN=
I. FT
IN
AUTUMN
AND
PROTECTING.
PEAS
SWEET
80
in winter
comes
be
obvious
the
is also
nniisuallydry
Sweet
Peas
that
days set in stand a
than
plants sown,
say,
Sowing
and
rooted,
of
giving
greater cliance
February.
far
in
But
Treatment."
Winter
it will
Thus
summer.
already thoroughly well
hot
return
in tlie
in
heavy
before
a
good
soil,soil
sowing is
keeps wet and sticky all through the winter,
will
die off"
that
the
than
seedlings
likely
a mistake, for it is more
tried autumnhas it. I have
off,"as the gardening term
"damp
Peas
in a garden in the suburbs, but
not a
Sweet
they were
sown
that I
They began to damp off so badly in early December
success.
took them
potted them, and in this way, keeping them in a
up and
the majority. There
is one
to save
cold frame, managed
important
those
who
Sweet
Peas
in
which
the
autumn
sow
ought to
point
be sown
not
too early. The
observe, viz. that the seeds should
is soon
month
of October
enough. If they are put in earlier the
is often
weather, which
rapidly during the warm
plants grow
experienced in late September or early October, with the result that
several inches
high before the winter, and are so much
they are
frost than
liable to injury from
dwarf
more
plants from seeds sown
later.
Earthing up the soil about the base of the stems is advisable,
it protects from
vital part of the plant" the
since
injury the most
collar" a name
commonly applied to the point of junction between
and root.
Another, and a safer method, one that may be pracstem
tised
in any garden prossessinga cold frame, is to sow
the seeds in
in the frame.
The
following is the
pots in October, and keep them
of his Sweet
who
Peas this
most
annually grows
experience of one
and is altogetherpleased with the results ;
way,
Effects
of Applied
Heat."
I would
like
at once
Injurious
autumn
that
to
say
in any
dry,
that
way
8"
or
should
not
frames
some
shining
on
When
Peas
will not
be
if the
plants are coddled
be improved but injured by forcing. If
; they
frost
will
kill the jilants
not
10" of
; but if possiblethey
be subjected to any
frost.
If they are
frozen in the
Sweet
a
success
will not
mats
the
should
plants.
treated
at
The
thus
the
once
mats
be
are
put
kept
on
on
to
prevent
until
the
the
sun
frost has
plants will not suffer. But it would
frame
place
plants in a warm
very
during the
be
to
in
winter.
the
border
They ought
planted
at the end
open
in
and
of March
then often experience very
early
April,
as
or
we
to growth would
cold weather, a serious check
result.
when
Even
the
cool
frame
in
must
be
further hardened
a
pliints
before
grown
in
their
flowering cpiarters. This can
they are planted
easily be
goni".
be
unwise
to
the
CUTTINGS
done
a
wall
by placing tlie pots on boards, or
or
hedge, tq give protection from
during
the
before
this is done
fortnight prior to the
need
when
frosts
the
take
to
off
in front
north
and
east
of
winds
long time
the lights altogether
rains
heavy
or
of ashes
bed
a
planting.
final
it is advisable
day except
every
87
for
And
a
There
occur.
is
no
repot the
plants.
young
I recently treated
autumn-raised
briefly how
my
plants,which eventually did better than any others that I have
raised
in pots. In January they were
My plants were
grown.
and
out
planted 7 inches apart in a prepared
carefully turned
bed
of soil in a cold frame.
Almost
shallow
immediately very
to
will
I
state
strong basal
shoots
commenoed
to
strengthened wonderfully well
I was
obliged to put small
the
when
and
the season,
time
grand specimens, strong
were
in the
first and
frame
main
haulm
too.
sticks
plants very early in
for the final planting the plants
few ashes
a
hardy. I put down
came
and
them
made
the
and
grow,
these
to
smooth
firm ; on
the ashes
and
finallya good
and
layer of well rotted manure,
the
matter
to remove
a
compost 6 inches deep. It was
very
easy
plants by placing a spade under the soil. The roots formed
young
all came
clean
at the bottom, and
in the manure
a network
away
I
placed
from
thin
a
the ashes.
by
Sweet
Peas
it is
commendable
a
practice of increasing
Cuttings." The
of cuttings is not generally known, although
and rare
method
to adopt, especiallywith
new
from
Feas
Sweet
varieties.
means
When
has to
one
at
pay
seeds,the fact that one can
knowing.
cuttings,is worth
when
cost, it is not
seeds
advisable
or
necessary
half-a-crown
off the tops, and
of standard
the case
In
quantity of
practicallyany
of
take
dozen
as
the rate
are
obtainable
a
varieties
at
a
small
stock
the
increase
to
for
insert them
from
in January, preferably in a heated
cuttings. The seeds are sown
greenhouse. This will induce quick germination and growth. The
plants are allowed to attain a height of 4 to 5 inches. Then
young
about
a
2
inches
of the
top of the
cutting. This will leave
which
two
or
three
in
from
3
taken
for cuttings.
from
to
each
4
necessary
length
2
one
plant ; these, with
each
plants from
be
seed
obtained
least two
may
leaves
growths will push
new
Thus
at
shoot
which
from
inches
can
off
have
the
on
an
be
on
the
out.
seedlings,from
these
When
ends
average
form
oft' to
taken
may
four
be
are
again
cuttings
five youL^
will make
plant itself,
could, if
germinated. Many more
each
seedling, but this is scarcely
the
8.S
PEAS
SWEET
advisable, as any further propagation would
plants and the summer
growth would be poor.
How
to
Root
the
weaken
place in which to
bell glassplaced on
suitable
A
Cuttings."
the
probably
light,or
the cuttings in pots filled with sandy
greenhouse stage. Dibble
soil,placing four cuttings round the side of a 4-inch (large 60 size)
root
the
cuttings is
a
hand
close frame,
the
pot,
or
singly in the
of
centre
a
'^WEET
size.
smaller
PE
\.
If watered
as
soon
as
CITIINGS
from
inserted,and shaded
sunshine,the cuttings will root in about
is
Air
ten
then
days.
gradually admitted, until finallythe young
for
plants are ready
potting oflfsingly,if rooted several together in a
The
rooted
plants
pot.
singly in small pots,
be moved
into
on
may
4-inch
pots.
oft and
the
past
When
transferred
nicelyrooted
to a
frame
subsequent treatment
summer
we
have
the
with
the
being the
raised
a
plants are
varieties
same
fair
for
number
gradually hardened
raised
both.
of
from
seeds,
During the
plants from
cuttings,and
difference
those
On
these grew
well
discernible
was
raised in the
Sowing
from
way
The
profusely. In
plants
fact
no
cuttings and
from
seeds.
practiceof sowing Sweet
THE
WELL
HOW
SHOWINft
the
between
ordinary
Seeds."
flowered
and
89
SEEDS
AND
CUTTINGS
Peas
in pots
FOBM
CUTTINGS
BOOTS.
and
growers
placingthem
in
a
cool
with
elDeciallv
Id ea'ht'he
price,for
Sykes, it is risky to
sow
greenhouseor
new
or
scarce
frame
sorts.
is f"^d
instance, recentlypaid for
them
m
the open
^^^
Mrs. Hard
^^^
the
With
When
ground.
seeds
cost
latter
HOW
THE
TO
SEEDMMiS
SDW
r\vi":et
KKADY
OL'T
ri";AS
FOR
OP
ix
tdts.
TRANSPLANTING
Ilil(]R8.
92
PEAS
SWEET
light on
occasions
all favourable
to
sturdy plants when
ensure
the
air is
given
ground.
planting in the open
to
keep out
be placed along the opening
wire should
a piece of net
or
and
sunning
of crawling in a frame
fond
cats, as they are
very
be
removed
lights may
under
themselves
glass in spring. The
at night
of March, and
the end
fine days, towards
altogether on
by the beginning of April. The exact date of planting them in the
flowering quarters depends largely on the weather : from April 10th
in which
to 20th is a good time.
to place the
Holes
plants should
time
be
and
arrives
niade
When
for
with
in the soil round
Carefully work
trowel.
a
the roots,
firmly.
press
TO
HOW
Peas
Sweet
demand
for
are
is
for
useful
very
them
PEAS
SWEET
GROW
providing
great that
so
it is the
cut
aim
flowers, and
the
of all cultivators
possible. To this end, where
in the shape of a good-sized,light,and
there is suitable convenience
of popular varieties should
be grown
in pots ;
airy house, a number
then they may
be had in bloom
quite early in the spring,say, during
to
secure
long
as
a
FIG.
of 5-inoh
T, section
parts
of
of
meal)
made
water
in
pots
V,
GEO
pot
in
;
v,
and
SWEET
to
an
charcoal
firm
PEAS
five seeds
sow
POTS
IN
:
s,
drainage
;
t, rougher
part decayed
(four parts turfy loam, one
old hotbed, one
in
equal
proportions
part
soil
from
as
dust,
with
seeds
; v,
a
; w,
sprinkling
steamed
of
fine soil ; x, space
for
bone-
holding
watering.
of
small
lean-to
be
to
are
greenhouse
placed
night,
z, front
;
40"
to
45"
:
y,
sashes
;
day,
shelf
glass on
near
opening
45"
to
; a,
50", the
which
seed
top ventilators
with
latter
:
free
full ventilation.
plants
transferred
from
oyster shells,cinders)
in
WING
which
tolerably
temperature"
or
9."
leaves
sand
sharp
U, section
season
compost
and
manure
of bloom
POTS
IN
5-inch
; c, J inch
8-inch
to
bones
pot
(steamed)
:
and
after
plants
X,
position
of
potting
plants
named
Y, plant from
into
G-inch
seed
into
in
under
sown
pot.
8-inch
cool
pot
and
greenhouse
(" nuts ")
charcoal
equal proportions; d, rougher parts of compost ; c,
firm ; /, ball of soil and
roots
; ff, watering space.
W,
(crocks,
J, drainage
soil made
ably
toler-
staking.
(frost excluded),
or
with
perature
tem-
U.
in 3-inch
pot, stopped
at
third
joint and
shifted
-
ma.
9."
GROWING
SWEET
PB.VS
i
SCALE
IN
IN
POTS.
-I.IN-
SWEET
PEA
DOROTHY
IN
AN
ECKFORD,
8-INOII
POT.
AS
GRO-WX
SWEET
PEA
TRIUMPH
GBOAVN
IN
A
POT.
PEAS
.SWEET
96
April
or
At
early May.
of
out
Stevenson
bloom,
they
so
of tlie forced
many
bulbs
are
Mr.
particularlywelcome.
are
ing
go-
Thomas
of cultivation.
following method
the
recommends
time
that
in September,
be sown
may
September. "Seeds
months,
and these,if kept growing quite steadilyduring the winter
it
but
of
must
be
middle
April ;
ought to be nicely in bloom by the
Sow
remembered
weakens
it is very
in
Seeds
that
the
apt
Sweet
plants,and
to
pots, placing five
make
or
Peas
cannot
at
the time
the
six
buds
seeds
fall.
round
forced
be
;
a
The
seeds
edge
the
of
temperature
warm
first flowers
the
begin
to
open
in 5 -inch
are
sown
the
pots in
a
fairly
rich,leaf soil and loam with the
of a little sand
and a sprinklingof bone meal being suitable.
addition
The seedlings are placed in a cold frame, the lightsbeing kept oflfin
fine weather.
In fact,they need not be put on
except to keep off
the frame
heavy rain,though it is advisable to put a fish net over
to protect the plants from
birds.
A Sprinkling
and
of Soot
around
the pots will ward off
over
of slugs. Mice
the attacks
fond of the seedlings,and a
are
very
be
kept for them ; if they put in an appearance
sharp look-out must
be
trapped or poisoned. My usual practice is to place a
they must
light soil mixture
that is not
too
pieces of bread and butter about the frames upon wliich has been
mice can
be kept
spread a little phosphorus paste ; by this means
When
the weather
down.
begins to get cold and wet, it is as well to
the pots to a shelf in a cool house.
In this position they
remove
remain
till early January, when
the plants ought to be from
may
in height. Until the end
of February growth will be
4 to 6 inches
few
is made
it will be found
of the roots
slow, but if an examination
of
that they are getting well hold of the soil,and with the advent
rather longer and brighter days, growth will be quite fast enough.
mild
is very
heat may
be given, but unless the weather
A little more
of doors, 50" should be the maximum
out
night temperature.
Treatment
Winter.
throughout
Very little water is needed
I prefer to keep the soil rather dry,
during the winter months.
water
more
although, of course, not quite dry. As growth advances
will be needed, but at all times
it must
be judiciously applied,
the plants just show
especiallywhen
bloom, as an overdose of water
will possibly make
at that season
them
or
manure
drop their buds.
As soon
the flowers begin to open
as
nicely they will take water very
with the
horse manure,
freely, and manure
or
water, such as cow
be given at each watering. Also a
addition
of a little soot, may
the
little artificial fertiliser,
such as Clay's or any other manures
on
"
97
STAKING
market,
be
given,say,
greatly to
well as lengthen the period of blooming.
as
be
In the young
Staking, etc.
state a few birch twigs should
around
the
the
put
plants to keep them upright, but later I think
of
neatest
to each
staking is to use four or five long bamboos
way
pot, tying the tops of each stake to a hoop of wire or hazel of about
15 to 18 inches in diameter.
Matting or string may then be used to
tie round the plants as they make
growth. Green
fly is about the
times
only pest that is likelyto trouble the Sweet Pea indoors ; this somemakes
its appearance
in the points of the shoots,and if left
there long enough will cripple the plants, but if syringed with a
httle soft soap, or the house
occasionally fumigated, green fly is
easilykept down.
By following the above directions a good supply
of flowers may
be had from
April till the middle of July, and even
after that if necessary
is extremely
; but by then, unless the weather
It is a good plan to save
bad, there will be plenty out of doors.
these pot-grown plants,especiallyif a new
a little seed from
variety
favourable
is being tried in pots, as not all seasons
to
are
really
varieties
which
the ripening of the seed
few
of doors.
A
out
have
Gracie
in
Greenwood,
proved very satisfactory
pots are
John
Edward
VII., Lady Grisel
Ingman, Dorothy Eckford, King
may
once
a
week
and
this
will add
the size of the iiowers
"
Hamilton, and Paradise.
of
plants of
one
I think
sort rather
than
it is advisable
many
grow
grow
a
number
varieties.
5WEET
WINTERFLOWERINQ
Comparatively few
to
winter-flowering Sweet
PEAS.
Peas
;
even
the
The
strains most
commonly
giving them
up.
and
cultivated are
known
the Telemly, Zvolaneck
Engelman's.
as
The first originated with
the Kev.
Arkwright, at Telemly,
Edwyn
in the United
States,and
Algiers,the second with Mr. Zvolaneck
Mr. Arkwright gives the
the third with Mr. Engelman
in England.
market
growers
are
discovery of his strain of winterblossom
Peas
(in
Telemly Sweet
until Easter, only ceasing in May, when
followinginterestingaccount
The
Peas:"
flowering Sweet
of the
Algiers) from Christmas
the English varieties begin. I got this treasure, as I did the White
thing to see
Iris,by a happy accident. It used to be no unusual
ing
American
Ferry, occasionallybloomthe old-fashioned
Pea, Blanche
particularplant in this
ten
in March, but about
ago one
years
This was
promptly isolated, and
in February.
out
garden came
08
PEAS
SWEET
them
of
one
the
seedlings blossomed
of her
some
red.
was
From
next
in
year
this last has
January,
lo !
sport after
one
sprung
and
all the Tisual
includes
now
T^leraly strain, which
termedi
varieties from
white
and
pale primrose, through various inpure
shades to duplicates of Lady Grisel Hamilton, Salopian,
David
Williamson, and Black Knight. I have of late years had so
suggested my
applicationsfor seeds that someone
advertising
many
sale
the
benefit
and
of
their
to
of the
them,
devoting the proceeds
British
This
I have
done
with
Cottage Hospital at Mustapha.
found
satisfactory results, and the Telemly Peas have now
very
their way
the Riviera, to Madeira, to the Cape, to Australia,
to
another
and
the
"
America.
to
The
Value
the
from
in
the
of
Winter
point of view of one
the following notes
-
who
them
grows
which
Sweet
Flowering
Pea,
for
cated
market, is indicontributed
by Mr. C.
are
the ordinary Sweet
Peas for some
Engelman : I have grown
years
them
in
and
under
the autumn
glass, sowing
keeping them at low
until
the
early spring, when with the lengthening days
temperatures
In this way
the heat is increased.
it is comparatively easy to get
flowers in April,but almost impossible-to have them
sooner, for even
if the plants have reached
a considerable
height as early as February,
refuse
to
flowers.
Peas I found,
they absolutely
produce
Among some
plant in a row of Captain of the Blues which
a few
years ago, one
though the flower was in every way identical with this variety was
of dwarfer
habit and did not form a bush, but simply ran
in one
up
"
"
shoot
and
flowered
I got
October.
a
after Christmas.
soon
little seed, and
about
It
was
at the end
sown
of
kept the
the ordinary grandiflorus
75 per
cent,
of this
parent's habit, while the rest went back to
The
strain of
following year I heard about Mr. Zvolaneck's
type.
I found
of them.
winter-floweringSweet Peas, and purchased some
these to have exactly the same
therefore of
habit as my
I am
own.
the opinion that all these,
winter-flowering Sweet Peas are simply
also had
Since
then I have
sports of the ordinary L. odoratus.
similar
Miss
Willmott, Dorothy Eckford, and Lady
sports from
Grisel
the
Hamilton
Algerian kinds, which
be able to select
a
year
or
advances
some
also crossed
are
these
with
Mr.
practicallyall the
Zvolaneck's
same,
kinds
strong, large-flowering
and
in
the
sports.
But
and
hope
course
to
of
two.
I know
never
; I have
that
this
bears
some
say
a
Sweet
theory evidently means
two
distinctlycoloured
Pea
never
that
a
single Sweet
flowers,such
as
we
whoever
plant
occasionally
Pea
SWEET
100
PEAS
All the pros
clirysanthemums, carnations, roses, etc.
the difference of opinion as
and cons
of this question originatewith
these wintersport." Whatever
regards the definition of the word
flowering Sweet Peas are, at present they are certainlynot what they
Some
of them
are
might be, at least in the winter.
very good in
in January, planted in a cool,light,and airy
if sown
the spring,and
good blooms about April. They can
house, they will give some
very
in
in
flower
also certainlybe had
throughout the winter, if sown
August or September, but owing to the lack of lightthe blooms are
No doubt
in Algiers, or under
small and open
badly in midwinter.
glass in the States,where there is bright sun, even if the temperature
outdoors
is low, these winter-flowering varieties can
be brought to
value.
perfection,and have doubtless a distinct commercial
Here,
who
however, they are hardly likelyto be of great use to the man
for profit.
grows
Sweet
Peas."
of
these
the merits
to
Cupid
Opinion as
somewhat
who
has
divided, but a writer in The Gardener
appears
find
with
''
cultivated
be
them
worthy
since
their
introduction
in 1895, declares
them
to
and
race,''
gives the following hints concerning them :
use
They are
cutting,owing to their short stems, but
the
tall
that
will
seeing
give a constant
type
supply of cut bloom, one
afford
to
well
The
Cupids purely for garden decoration.
can
use
After
great trouble is that the buds drop off before they open.
of this to be due
to position. It
repeated tests I consider much
be remembered
that Cupid White
must
first originated as a sport
from Emily Henderson, in California,
and it is generally supposed
that the climate caused the break.
Cupid Sweet Peas will thrive on
to the tall sorts.
To plant Cupids on a
a
dry soil quite unsuitable
for the plants
heavy soil in the ordinary fashion is to court failure,
will not stand excessive
moisture.
If planted on
the level in such
soil the first rain will cause
the buds to drop wholesale,although the
with them
plants will grow vigorously. To succeed
on
a heavy soil
to
it is necessary
is
plant on a raised bed or bank.
The
water
carried
off
then
quickly. Eain naturally lowers the temperature,
dense
the
and
foliageof this type prevents evaporation.
a
"
of little
The
greatest
them
for
success
we
bank.
The
soil
made
with
old
ever
achieved
with
Cupids
was
when
we
extremely poor. The foundation
was
raspberry roots, crowfoot weed and
the like, the whole
solid and
being well trampled. The base was
made
to break
it up owing to the network
of tree
no
attempt was
roots.
Cupid Sweet Peas in small pots were
pricked out 2 inches.
grew
of the bank
on
a
was
o
f5
P3
"J
O
H
"I
p
"
H
PM
H
H
H
03
They
apart.
given,
was
July
at
will.
deep
of
pots
must
be
gives
them
from
are
separate
in
cultivation
quite
colours
used
a
effect
lifted
varieties,
of
is
pot
protection
be
may
special
no
delightful.
of
strongly,
and
and
view.
be
must
placed
borders
when
to
is
take
the
be
them
treatment
will
closely
can
a
open
grown
made
grow
necessary,
dozen
but
necessary,
from
Water
application
slight
away
from
dung
cow
April.
allowing
and
8-inch
the
all
number
the
they
apart
an
a
ribbon
pots
;
Plants
rain.
Peas
inch
1
grow
soil
Beautiful
sowing
For
frame
cold
shelter
There
by
end
went
the
miniature
succeed.
not
them
but
A
will
to
They
covering
mass
these
out
began
plants
the
at
of
coating
light
place
supplied.
was
dense
setting
they
with
soda
one
were
In
or
of
nitrate
the
when
and
took
This
fSreviously.
A
high.
inches
three
were
in
dug
was
of
PEAS
SWEET
102
seeds.
they
and
need
potted.
in
blocks
in
CHAPTER
Insect
meadow
Old
of
first year
another
and
I
know
that
argue
lain
benefits
of
by the
immense
in such
land.
of
Cockchafer
these
in
eat
a
the
complete
size.
moth.
Not
far from
of
scourge
in
is
do.
can
a
large, healthy
The
be
white
more
worm
decay,
it is
Sweet
opinion,
for
years
This
I
of
but
grant,
the
outweighed
always
pests
and
it must,
than
more
the
present
not
are
plant will
"
shall
in
supposed
need
I
the
the
attack
say
fortunately
tissue
to
some
of
the
attack
other
103
"!" is
stem
pest's
allied
one
does
tiny pests
rate
at
which
astounding.
larger and
attacked.
vegetation
clover
what
;
is all but
much
Unlike
already
attack
;
that
in
are
such
The
deal
attacks
surprise
which
are
for
of
Pea
which
pest
eye.
good
presence
quantity
Sweet
no
naked
its
the
the
responsible
the
a
of
great
a
to
that
of
are
do
and
damage
collapse after
only
generally through
These
that
and
and
These
is
grow
wait
pests, which
land.
cause
of
amount
to
known
other
by
can
in
be
two
or
caterpillar
well
the
one
begin,
pests
sickness,
fact
and
lying
the
eelworm
and
the
other
visible
to
to
sure
cultivator
be
two
regulated
clover
terrible
the
are
grass
clover
are
present,
Worm."
that
so
the
above
stem
less
Slugs
stuff,
broken
the
or
is the
readily detected
eelworm,
of
They
excellent
contrary
a
other
perhaps
or
The
farmer,
That
surprise
makes
likely
that
-White
Peas.
attack
also
a
the
newly
knowledge,
common
should
it
than
garden
of
and
is
grass.
for
and
also
all
pest,
on
the
land
the
cause
another
Sweet
in
are
most
Eelworm
to
used
be
week
destruction
of
uncommon
harm
pasture
of
But
so
Stem
of
plants
devourer
cabbage
been
animal
and
grubs, too,, may
more
work
omnivorous
it has
far
Jackets,
Millipedes
month.
the
After
ground
are
insect
I^eather
will
is, in
these
Wireworms,
abundant.
that
constituents.
deposit
of
Eeas,
hold
the
on
Sweet
while,
a
people
fed
number
Of
for
many
manurial
for
good
pasture.
manurial
in
the
from
has
Diseases
and
all
at
fallow
that
rich
necessity, be
not
stock
as
Pests
it in
taking
crop
soil.
Pea
is
land
XII
can
the
in process
whether
this
PEAS
SWEET
104
that when
positivelyto say, but I know
there
on
by these white worms
a
once
plant has been fastened
found
This pest is commonly
is very little hope of its recovery.
in old pasture land is readily
its presence
in cow
dung, hence
these pests accomplish the death of the plant
Both
accounted
for.
i.e. there is nothing on
in what
be called a mysterious way,
may
for its collapse. I have
the plant to account
seen
plants
or
near
feet
high.
or
more
collapseat all stages from a few inches to 2
is
so
I would
not
or
not
attack
of either
anthing to do when
the plants on
as
quickly
suspected, is to grow
and
there
is
is best done
by feeding them,
best
The
Remedies."
pest is noticed
as
possible.
no
better
or
This
food
care
the
for
the
effect upon
should be stirred
of
into
gallon of water,
a
clump or 6 feet run of
nights will have a wonderful
result
that
adopt this practice as
nearing the flowering period. At
flowers
to
varieties
in
a
hours, and
Half
ounce
an
"
who
first rate
want
preventive until the plants are
that time nitrate is dangerous to
I
hands.
some
a
warm
this
and
effect upon
all readers
advise
I would
few
quantity given to
such waterings on alternate
the plants in fact,so good
Three
row.
In
soda.
felt in the soil in
its presence
the plants is almost
immediate.
each
some
nitrate
this makes
weather
is the
than
purpose
have
also
the
used
patent
destroyers,Vaporite, Slugene, Kilogrub, Alphol for both of these
good results. Sulphate of iron is
pests and I think I can
say with
also exceedingly valuable
against eelworm, and for this reason
FIG.
PEA
SWEET
10."
PLANTS
BY
INFESTED
STEM
EELWOEM
devastatrix)
{Tyleni'lnii
F, infested
plant
which
eelworms
or
found
are
plant
G, plant collapsed from
and
stems
passed
H,
bit
of
I, ova,
I, embryo
J,
stem
roots
into
in
a
attack
of
state
of
of
stem
Sweet
swollen,
somewhat
by eelworm,
decayed,
root
so-called
of eelworm
eelworm
an
cl,collar, or ground level, above
decay; /,
cutting
eelworm
nodosities
and
;
rotted
off
"shell"
;
ground
e, undereelworms
of
supplies
ti,top
away,
Pea
in which
seed;
withered
and
eggs
g,
of nourishment.
i,
;
and
root
larvs
soil.
decayed
or
is in
caused
roots
on
;
found
usually
stem,
when
nodosities
seldom
are
root
stunted
top growth
; e,
in
stem
eggs
:
j, sound
of eelworm
developed
mature
state
in egg
plant
; m,
or
ova
(female).
cells ;
young
case.
h, destroyed
eelworm.
tissues ;
X4-0O
PIG.
10.
"
SWEET
PEA
PLANTS
INFESTED
BY
STEM
EELWORM.
106
SWEET
Mackereth's
one
Sweet
Pea
PEAS
which
manure,
this
contains
substance, is
of the
As
best fertilisers the grower
stock.
can
either gas- lime or the patent
Preventive
a
used
in
destroyers maybe
the
not
be grown
Peas should
on
winter, but Sweet
the same
white worms
The
ground again for at least three years.
with animal
that it is a good
are
so
commonly introduced
manure
plan to mix with this equal parts of soot and lime, at the rate of
about 2 lb. to the barrowload
of dung.
This should
be done while
the manure
is in the heap,-well mixing the whole together.
of
Diseases
of the
Sweet
Pea."
Fortunately for the grower
Sweet
Whether
Peas the plants have been attacked
diseases.
by few
in a few years, if the present high cultivation continues,some
dread
disease
only be conjectured. Mycologists tell
can
may
appear
that too
liberal treatment
diseases
is responsible for many
us
sensation
was
now
prevalent in gardens. Some
amongst
growers
caused
in the spring of 1908
by several writers in The Gardener
Streak
Disease."
discussing what
they called
Judging from the
flowers staged at the principal shows
in the
same
only an
year
"
FIG.
LEAF-SPOT
11."
DISEASE
OF
SWEET
"
PEAS
(JPeronosporatrifoliorum rar.)
K,
infested
seedling
of
mycelium
dark
q,
or
point
appearing
not
blotches
black
or
does
;
fungus produced
plumule
but
been
have
may
radicle,
on
extend
not
first
latent
yellowish
underground
or
then
stem
;
collapses,sometimes
plant
ground.
when
a,
few
leaves"
s, under
side
;
which
spots
j't infected
and
stem
on
brown
;
often
infected
plant
L, young
; o, disease
black
above
in
cotyledons
n,
fungus
brown
growing
:
f, stunted
inches
high
early stage
of leaf
where
growth,
the
pale yellow spots or
r,
:
of
infection, ultimately
condition
of
advancing
to
spore-bearing
plant
seldom
satisfactory flowering.
of
M, portion
leaves
flowering
; i', brown
condition
N, seed
and
seeds
X,
by
on
from
seed
P, cluster
of
some
diseased
pod
and
with
"
or
fungus
side
externally
contained
:
u,
of leaf
on
pale yellow spots
which
on
spore-bearing
resting spore.
but
fungus growing
(N)
; w,
perfect seed
by fungus at point of
stubble
"
within
the
seeds.
of
conidiophores bearing
spot fungus.
Q, Oospore
on
sound
of the
partiallyaffected
disease
under
by
fungus produced.
pod apparently
pod
0,
of
infected
stem
blotches
and
conidiophores
conidia
or
normally
line ; y, seed
on
spores
healthy
;
destroyed
surface.
of
Sweet
Pea
leaf-
PEAS
SWEET
108
isolated
here
case
there
and
could
From
appeared.
have
the
probably the
disease
Pea
pisi). This
{Brachysporium
Blight
the
attacks the young
on
seedlings. Mouldy black patches appear
collapse. The way
leaves,which turn yellow, and the plants soon
all the young
from
to prevent the disease
spreading is to burn
by
plants attacked and spray those remaining with a solution made
of
soft
in
dissolving 1 oz. of liver of sulphur and 3 oz.
soap
2 gallons of water.
of mildew
Mildew
principal cause
{Erysiphe polygoni). The
sudden
A
of
is found
in
climatal
spell
damp, cold
changes.
mildew
to appear.
weather
after a few bright days often causes
of sulphur.
The
usual remedy is to dust the plants with flowers
descriptionit
Seedling
was
"
"
FIG.
(T/iielavia,syn.
E,
ceased
having
or
axillary
collar
S, collapse
underground
seed-leaves
killed
blackened
stem
only
stem
h,
;
upwards
spots
more
;
b, side
stem
on
near
less blackened
or
killed.
above
seriously
Pea
growing point stunted,
curled
; e, roots
not
; ;,
high
:
radicle
; n,
ground
affected
from
passed
stem
inches
killed
i,
; o, dark
probably
few
a
:
and
just springing
roots
; m,
browned
of roots
when
mycelium
when
high
withered
root
on
of life in Sweet
parasitic mode
plant
and
stem
where
inches
; a, leaves
spots
plant
Torrila, iasicoJa)
18
/, extremities
;
of young
killed
to
browned
d, blackish
;
12
develop
to
shoots
destroyed
and
T,
when
plant collapsing
PEAS
SWEET
AFFECTING
FUNGUS
ROOT-ROT
12.-
g, black
:
i, remains
;
of
saprophytic
to
level.
ground
ceased
k, top growth
affected
least
and
;
I,
; o, remains
of seed-leaves.
U,
bit
of
rather
fresh
stable
showing
manure
:
p,
of
mycelium
fungus
as
saprophyte.
V, portion of leaf mould
as
W,
threads, which
threads
out
Y, chlamydospores
Z, ascospores
; v,
borne
the
up,
and
from
the
bit
tissues
pushed
of
diseased
of the
host
externally and
endospore
q,
of
mycelium
fungus,
:
r,
septate
plant
producing endospores:
endospores
where
; t, point
case
of K
stem
endospores,
on
same
chlamydospore
; w,
breaking
fungus
mycelium
bearing
pushed
thread
of
penetrate
of
X, special thread
are
with
saprophyte.
a
vegetative portion
s,
only partially rotted,
acting
as
mycelium
thread
resting
containing eight spores
;
x,
as
endospores
chlamydospores
spores,
:
the
c, free
brown
or
:
;
v,
y, the
blackish.
ascospores.
endospore
same
U
^
X200
FIG.
12"
BOOT-ROT
xzoo.
FUNGUS
AFFECTING
SWEET
PEAS.
no
Mildew
is
fairly
little harm
be
for
burnt,
live
of
in
the
flower
fruiting stage
The
reached,
otherwise,
ruined.
In
Badly
attacked
If all the
the
and
by
dark
spread
not
As
to
the
to
to
dots
form
the
practice
gallons
for
Sweet
of
of
Pea
This
"
and
stage.
probably
most
removing
to
with
a
potassium
all
tion
preparaand
plants
the
4
are
to
pick
all
to
assist
of
copper
Spraying
blight is also
the
in
be
can
other
oz.
sulphate
with
beneficial.
the
1
is
lb.
of
solution
pods
velop
desoon
removed.
As
flowers,
and
by
this
disease.
all
the
affected
entirely.
it out
mixture
and
spots
These
their
done
pods,
the
on
not
diseases
stamping
Bordeaux
the
these
fruiting stage.
pods
if any,
of
case
As
if the
growers
form
spots
deformed.
the
attacks
usually
Pale
and
indicate
solution
water.
disease
leaves.
stunted
many
1| lb. of
sulphide
the
to
resting
or
sprayed
of
rapidly.
addition
will
be
soon
may
spread
to
is
stage
of water.
which
burnt
weak
a
oz.
this
addition
be
is the
before
winter,
in
This
neighbouring
In
disease
stems
infect
likely
the
should
of
seed, little harm,
be
consists
16
be
in
should
1
stems
of
burnt,
the
remaining
surrounding
let them
with
This
them
is
presence
the
on
plants
burnt.
there
preventive
a
pisi).
the
recommended
plants
As
(Ascochyta
cause
is
are
of
common
its
forms.
and
is
be
to
not
of
mould
clump
or
is
cases,
removed
disease
ought
gallons
3
occasionally
and
the
dissolving
in
soap
Spot
plants
be
row,
disease
parts, those
made
of soft
this
spring.
affected
should
dressing
a
disease
indications
about,
will
repetition
a
ground
This
"
and
afterwards.
soon
greyish
blow
whole
plants
old
in
reappear
the
first
a
then
parts
against
the
does
should
existence,
of
leaves, and, in bad
mature
weather
of
The
the
spores
moist
stage
summer
trifoliolorum).
on
diseased
give
then
however,
haulm
guard
it in
fork
but
autumn
stage
To
year,
and
late
Pea
resting
a
plants.
the
plants.
Sweet
the
When
;
The
in
winter.
autumn,
blotches
buds.
plants
following
leguminous
pale yellow
and
the
{Peronospora
many
tlie
has
during
in
in
Blight
on
mildew
ground
disease
on
season.
the
quicklime
are
common
that
for
the
the
of
it
PEAS
SWEET
ing
Spray-
recommended.
slaked
lime
recommended
to
INDEX
E
The
Arrangement,
of
Art
Earthing
Flower,
36,38
in,
Sowing
Autumn,
84
;
Work,
29
Eckford's
Great
Eelworm,
103
Peas,
Exhibition,
Sweet
from,
Flower
How
82,
18,
Peas
in,
30, 38
Arrangement,
Frost,
35
Gather,
to
Sweet
Borders,
for,
83
6
110
Blooms,
Peas
28
Protection
Blight,
73
Pea
Sweet
to
3
72,
26, 45, 73, 79,
Guide
Growing,
Birds,
Work,
Everlasting
B
Beginner's
31
Up,
Inoculation
against,
75
H
G
Decoration,
Garden
18, 24,
10,
Details,
Cultural
the, 29,
Preparing
80
29,
68
H
Cutting
100
Peas,
Sweet
Cupid
Peas
8
Ground,
53, 55, 56
Fertilisation,
Cross
for,
3G
Association,
Colour
Sweet
for
Packing
and
Home
bition,
Exhi-
for,
26
Peas
Sweet
Cuttings,
from,
Garden,
and
Sweet
5
87
I
D
and
Diseases,
"Don'ts"for
Peas
Sweet
Decoration,
Table,
Insect
for
Pests,
103
Home
35
106
Sweet
Pea
Leaf
Growers,
Leather
2
111
Spot
104,
Disease,
Jackets,
103
106
Peas
112
PEAS
SWEET
M
Manure
Spot,
for Sweet
Manures,
Story
78
'"
Theory, The,
Mendelian
Sweet
and
Mice
Thinning, 14, 32
and
Stopping
71
for, 72,
Peas
Sweet
Market,
Staking, 8, 10, 32, 97
Teas, 72, 73, 80
of, 30,
Use
110
Disease,"
1
106
5G
Peas
Sweet
Gardens,
Suburban
74
Peas,
in,
68
lOS
Mildew,
Peas,
Raising, 53
Sweet
51, 72
Varieties, The,
Newest
Best,
Pinching
Planting,
Peas, 32,
33,
Peas
Sweet
in, 20,
'.)2
Preparing the Groand, 29,
from
Protection
for Autumn
Stopping,
92
14
Varieties, 45
Transplanting
Seedlings
and
into
22, 2G
Ground,
Open
Trials
Sown
Seedlings,
Too-Much-Alike
SO
6
Birds,
for
Temperature
Thinning and
74
31
Pots, Growing
for,
Peas
35
31, 103
Sweet
Colour, The
each
50
Decoration, Sweet
Table
Pests, Some,
78
of
Peas
for Sweet
of Lime
Superphosphate
Peas, 73,
Sweet
24
Treatment,
Summer
N
New
Pea,
Sweet
of the
Streak
Troubles,
Pea,
Sweet
72
Peas,
84
Peas
Boxes, Sweet
and
Tubs
in,
70
B
Raising
V
Sweet
New
Peas,
Seedlings in
Red
Lead,
Root-Rot
Pots,
53
Varieties,
Fungus,
51,
Newest,
of, 82
Use
Chat
A
1908,
lOM
45
;
of, 20,
of,
91
White
Seeds, Sowing, 5, 8, 22, 31, 75, 84,
Soot, Use
Pr.INTED
BV
Sweet
Peas,
97
103
for, 9G
of, 6, 78,
CasSCLL
of, 42, 75
75
Peas,
96
Outdoors, 8,
Sowing
Introduction
105
Worm,
Wireworm,
54
Self-Fertilisation,
Slugs,
Pea,
3 ; Varieties
Winter-Flowering
86, 89
Sweet
Best,
;
of
42
Waved,
Sweet
Waved
108
Blight,
Treatment
42
W
Seedlings, Treatment
Shading
; The
72
Too-Much-Alike,
49;
S
Seedling Pea
about,
20
ANU
Yellow
31
COMPANY,
Disease, 79
Sweet
LTD.,
Li
BeLLE
BauVACE,
Pea, 75
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HlLL,
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