1. society
2. unrest and war

and
how
to
the
By
''
Our
**
in
Comfnerce,
Our
Next
of
the
War^
in
Premiums
9n
its
of
Commercial
paid
at
*
it.
protect
author
Aspect
;
Lloyd^s^ from
seasfig^ttnd"
M/^ar;
l^ab
xo^
i^^
with
some
1805
to
account
1816^''
r^si.
^
London
Blades^
East
and
Blades^
:
23^
Ahchurch
Lane^
E,
C.
President
the
To
The
of
of
Chamber
of
Commerce
Liverpool.
Sir,
To
office
of
it
of
one
give
to
the
draw
to
a
in
step,
attention
desirable;
deemed
practicable.
the
City,
support
it
it
will
ports
address
a
the
to
national
our
deemed
your
fitly
most
public
regard
shipping
policy,
which
Experience
all
receive
the
interests
of
the
world,
work,
expediency
long
been
fairly
now
assures
the
I
designed
has
may,
high
to
present
which
and
whose
body
a
over
watchful
a
largest
perhaps,
may,
of
is
presiding
as
you,
be
that,
me
consideration
in
and
deserves.
I
Sir,
am.
Your
obedient
Servant,
J.
T.
D.
PREFACE.
In
a
Our
"
to
make
small
book,
published
in
Next
War/*
the
endeavoured
from
known,
insurance
181
that
suggest
should
have
commercial
our
of
means
old
most
disastrous
doubtful
extremely
which
under
whether
protecting
we
existing
effect
and
;
to
was
in
war,
prosperity
closed
work
would,
a
mitted
sub-
war,
that
naval
future
any
circumstances,
was
of
use
marine
was
naval
great
engaged,
be
upon
last
chief
of
course
titled
en-
Lloyd's,'*
**
at
Commerce
our
our
The
5.
the
which
to
during
in
kept
accounts
unavailable,
previously
Author
1894,
that
had
we
ourselves,
it
quate
ade-
under
the
system.
The
suggest
naval
degree,
a
new,
and
hostilities
more
adoption
material
advance
the
of
purpose
;
better,
without
costly
;
in
"
and
method
making
a
work
present
method
calculated
civilization.
of
is
to
conducting
them,
open
to
in
to
effect
any
mediate
im-
a
'*Our
Commerce
the
As
Liverpool),
in
that,
in
the
at
sea,
future
a
powerful
a
call
attention
this
assumption.
following
Post
"
of
ocean
"
"
rest
And
find
"
any
a
inst.
:
is
part
refuge
this
April,
we
should
so.
As
under
already
of
at
we
that
i8g7,
our
war
would
under
must
which
letter
be
well
stated
at
in
on
pages
is indicated
appeared
to
bearing
present
application
enemy
in
the
the
Daily
"
Not
were
even
a
that
attack.
ready
And
23rd
from
at
an
may
succinctly
found
their
and
;
supposed
traffic
"
the
2ist
is
It
"weapon
"
work
passage
the
of
be
will
facts
the
of
facts
particular
it
stand,
now
of
property
offence^
of
we
as
this
of
experience)
past
have,
(of
Post
proposal
on
private
weapon
the
to
These
the
capture
Daily
leading
the
should
we
war,
War."
the
founded
(well
naval
to
subsequently
against
assumption
right
54-58
urged,
have
the
work,
and
Times,
in
gather
about
with
the
strength
we
whole
a
formidable
could
of
attack
maritime
Declaration
the
neutral
up
seven-eighths
flag,
own
(under
the
give
thus
the
lapse of
of
Paris)
time.
J.
T.
only
world.
flag."
with
the
D.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
I.
The
Question
The
Declaration
of
Paris
-
II.
Our
The
III.
IV.
V.
-
i?
-
Position
3"
Outlook
The
Powers
The
Answer
7^
loo
ii6
THE
circumstances
of
Change
AT
QUESTION
The
property
"
Nations
all
old
^The
official
May
"
of
Danger
Public
delay
properly
War
"
needed
"
"
opinion
"
of
"
Discussion
suddenly
occur
involved
now
obsolete
system
"
ISSUE.
advancing
de-
^War
"
.
graded
by plunder
The
past
"
and
Admits
"
example
Armed
Privateering
"
neutralities
of
Paris
of
of
1833-55
of
Nature
25
Neutral
much
with
believed
and
that
should
we
for
if
Duke
of
Wellington
Army,
when
the
be
done
It
entered
793),
laid
he
ished"
"abol-
believed
is
to
be
altogether
of
element
and
to
said
anything,"
of
his
a
sular
Penin-
command.
One
point,
and
is
is
do
this.
How
a
prepared
un-
success
the
down
considered,
importance.
into
drawn
now
not
knows
now
remains
slight
no
1
to
Nation
however,
of
first
anywhere,
**
the
But
found
go
Navy
as
fit
be
Our
it.
the
"
satisfaction
war,
all
"
"
naval
by
Blockade.
"
generally
is
Goods
Neutral
Flag
"
to
Privateering
"
"
"
Increase
1854
assented
Declaration
the
made
Why
"
Mai:ch
Not
"
1856
"
It
The
"
April
16
"
Council,"
commerce,
Powers
Courts
"
Declaration
in
usage
Belligerents
"
Prize
"
"Order
Military
"
no
Neutrals
civilisation
of
the
it
is
one
fighting
to
'^
is
on
and,
than
more
our
last
during
a
hundred
great
that
naval
period,
years
war
many
since
we
(February
more
and
B
Change
of
cir-
THE
2
greater
changes
subject,
than
The
been
of
defences,
the
for
be
affect
would,
interests
The
in
changed
public
the
being
It has
the
mode
been
of
taken
be
The
The
property
a
hundred
It
without
But
its
different
should
country
probably
and
might,
of
means.
be
must
this
carried
be
now
The
globe.
the
and
be
to
disturbed,
the
and
;
be
such
engaged,
much
are
drift
is
matters,
ruling
of
from
far
conducting
a
for
the
settled
the
in
next.
let
to
past,
be
war
suitable
was
suitable
time
in
last
But
it
had
at
by
war,
not
can-
now.
property
which
ago,
years
of its wealth,
it.
be.
circumstances
than
common,
What
as
so
arms
same.
precedent.
was
do
new
will
use,
belligerents to
on
experts
incalculably greater,
character
opinion,
of the
must
which
are
neutrals
the
and
for
quarter
every
various.
more
skilful
effect
concerned,
have
intent),cannot
contest
in
stake
at
and
more
the
war,
prominently
the
warfare
most
war
even
of
naval
a
"
naval
scene
in
years
international
changed
The
the
the
and
any
this
such
of
ready
now
which
have
on
what
seafaring
under
that
design
guess
affecting
hundred
any
implements
their
than
occurred,
world.
changed,
(as regards
and
the
very
so
more
have
during
history
past
QUESTION.
and
was
be
lost
might
material
any
formed
not
but
an
without
inconvenience.
nation
a
small
important
ruin,
It is
or
not
sea,
portion
part
reduced
so
now.
of
THE
A
already
are
food,
provide
the
by
be
become
the
at
quarrel
to
by
have
the
order
to
the
that
sea
tants
inhabi-
their
such
of
and
nation
desti-
this
to
produce
the
have
to
either
the
us
those
or
of
safety
needlessly imperilled by
sea
owners
on
hand.
old
of
armed
system
ships
simple
was
all nations,
industry,
common
see
Of
industry
happens
us
suit
for,
of
part
To
means
or
the
The
of
countries,
transmitting
share
no
with,
property
the
nations.
largest
work
we
of
in
for
distant
important
an
it will
and
often
of
of all maritime
fallen
harvests
reached.
work
The
the
employment,
or
highway
must
3
expressly
grown
other, and
of
has
of
large proportion
earth
it is
QUESTION.
every
happen
may
but
;
such
its
sim-
The
old
system
grew
in
up
always
one
now
about
a
might,
a
By
so
exchange
a
or
to
business
is
civilisation
are
has
"
greater
is
never
brought
interest
deeply
now
market
world
the
nation,
Every
solitary
shipping
the
ships
of
community
its
far
industry
common
not,
of
of
Trading
sea.
strong
proportion
a
now.
by
it
it
almost
as
chance
not
when
sea
the
resulting commerce.
knows
to
and
and
armed,
sent
It
few, and
were
and
;
where
the
done
ships
armed
was
barbarism.
seeking,
It is
of
when
less
cargo,
another.
and
poverty
days
or
more
adventure,
part
the
trading ship
every
for
of
that
plicity was
in
the
whether
it
deeply
interested
in
"
B
in
the
2
obsolete.
THE
4
adequate
or
as,
more
In
the
time
as
between
meant,
and
destruction
sea,
interested
so
the
each
other's
carrying
time,
a
it on;
and
while
corners,
and
It
by
generated
have
the
got
strong
and
world,
to
thrust
so
with,
land
on
or
But
the
make
it
forms
its
put
at
quarrel
rude
due
of
with
a
yet
court.
be
limits.
or
no
maritime
a
it will
to
the
In
the
from
shaped
be
and
solely
State,
use
;
growing
embodied
longer
neighbour.
effect
to
The
state
like
and,
made
already partly
any
where.
every-
feasible,
a
must,
can
rival,
each
such
energy,
commerce,
mercy
the
dispensed
conducted
of
place
of mankind,
ocean
the
of
and
within
purpose
community
in
of
too
are
rule
of law
be
forces
its
to
peace
life of
daily
be
courts
it shall
may,
they
cannot
approach,
time,
to
other
till
authority
meanwhile
ences
influ-
fruitful
and
;
true,
sea,
nearest
executive
time
is
when
earned
aside.
official armed
the
by
it
and
ways
The
and
the
and
carried
being
now.
to
necessary
Fighting,
properly
hand
who
bye-
was
long
a
upper
too
be
into
so
gave
riotous,
those
of
be
cannot
The
sale
for
and
risky
prize-money
spent.
and
shipping.
crept
commerce
mediate
im-
depredation,
cargoes
profitable, plunder
more
its
the
to
war
parties engaged,
mutual
of
naval
grandfathers
our
unlimited
work
for
way,
of
of
plodding
a
it is
than,
so
at
property
land.
on
War
life and
of
protection
much
as
QUESTION.
fitly
be
led
In
into
short.
QUESTION.
THE
the
old
as
all
The
force
in the
the
its
to
shores
if
sea,
we
about
be
that
is
the
time,
or
us
begin
which
interest
alternative
The
be
like
placed
so
If
consideration.
much
so
be,
sign
threaten
by
that
the
all
at
us
it has
begun
adverted
is often
it
to,
a
month
to
the
it with
is
so
at
most,
brink
simply
much
at
may,
such
of
occur
taking
If
again
up
not,
any
war.
a
opposed
mankind?
of
May
suddenly.
"
days
to
common
and
know,
conduct
method
no
-
few
we
is
not
something
sides,
must
then,
yet.
as
all
-
a
it
for
are
now
can
prior
both
home
open
We
on
we
of
on
there
given,
,
deal
given
and
We
how
will,
And
be
fit
we
ing
interven-
and
Others
to
if
the
enemy.'*
it.
doing
pressed
free
commerce.
are
frontier
leaving
our
had,
But
;
be
be
to
events
the
;
in
we
war,
be
things,
ought
good
to
effective
it so,
And
a
better.
a
of
make
of
we
terms.
need
Are
mode
enemy
of
Yet
so.
will
that
in the
destroyers."
equal
to
sea,
go
sumption
re-
interested
at
of
can
that
commerce
all
for
guns.
property
our
course
of the
**
to
are
purpose,
continuance
how
we
old
our
ourselves
we
ordinary
the
to
or
interested
time
unfit
as
ships,
of
safety
equally
next
our
become
however,
the
securing
old
our
While,
not
has
practice
the
to
what
is
?
subject
vital
importance.
must
be
discussed
is, obviously,
To
;
and
be
to
fitly
that
us
dealt
from
more
of
one
with,
than
it
Discussion
THE
if
the
all, on
at
due
such
of
wide
so
We
looking
discuss
openly
without
be
of
reminded
to
enemies
and
;
The
There,
the
who
day,
in
a
action
;
benefit,
and
power,
this
those
matter,
us
(possible)
as
reference
spirit
to
of
day
is
contrives
with
the
diplomacy,
avoiding
than
more
of
art
mainly,
the
with
in
in
any
least
at
hostility.
current
consists,
safest
therefore,
are
everywhere
our
regard
must
We
common
of
In
that
sufficiently
are
the
effectually.
arrangements,
prospective
unto
compeers
likely
likely
alert
been
But
is
not
or
not
do.
we
rapid.
or
for
do
conclusion
have
we
concerned
disturbed
un-
nations
they
than
conscious
it
use
similarly
future
be
to
in
other
it, it is
that,
lutely,
abso-
leisure.
though
;
easy
our
and
;
need
ready
that
:
rivals
our
we
thing
one
weighty,
.
observe,
to
it
short,
so
that
useful
be
would,
except
ample
with
would
nay,
preclude,
to
as
more
no
And
keen
various,
assume
it, any
had.
always
but
In
matter
discussion,
agreement
not
this
men,
impossible.
so
Its
war.
men,
with
and
safely
at
of
discussion,
adequate
may
of
thoughtful
bearing
a
peace,
to
be
discussed,
such
anticipations
its
are
and
hands
juncture,
a
involves
and
the
to
be
declaration
a
by just
its committal
at
of
eve
treatment,
well
It cannot
of view.
point
one
QUESTION.
unpleasant
else,
anywhere
the
evil
to
say
smallest
doubt,
no
thereof
what
**
"
;
is
appearance
topics.
sufficient
and
he
needed,
of
is
for
reti-
THE
8
unsettled
wholly
time
and
of
danger
it for
given
many
of
tendency
of
verge
It
we
and
done
rid
and
inherent
do
to
till it
"
world
is
at
but
of
And
fair
the
question
Having
fighting
our
whom
those
has
nation
compelled
sideration
con-
determine
to
every
own
our
large.
to
known
its
things
absolutely
give
to
bearing
For
right
best
time
it be
concern.
may
deems
let
to
to
have
we
of
timely regard
the
certain
desirable.
All
the
form.
state
or
to
to
a
is
wider
of
them
them
this
a
rivals
that
same
the
much,
so
that
in
apparent
its old
of it.
give
interest
course,
it
said
the
at
counted
being
with
expedient
to
is
maritime
our
in
neglect
our
tion
resump-
promising
be
to
the
of
advantage
is
it
of
even
expected
an
a
silence, having
abundantly
as
easily get
;
to
differences
sense,
any
necessary
on
part
cannot
may
case
the
war,
threatening
is, in
is
occasional
our
run
Our
practice,
this
on
and
through
past.
sanction
old
and
;
already
is
annoyance,
mainly
of
by lapse
circumstance
years
the
become
"
that
apparent
upon
of
recurrent
and
;
has
it
as
change
source
of
QUESTION.
the
in
it
way
adopt
to
an
some
other.
The
capture
The
property^twhether
sea.
property
incident
War,
before
question
the
is
of
capture
is
or
a
in
war
the
undoubtedly,
destruction
or
not
us,
now
between
abstract,
a
nations
like
fit
of
private
desirable
or
at
is
sea.
peace,
may
be
THE
virtuous
vicious,
or
it, at
the
of
side
sea,
Of
the
it
future
prosperity
as
doubt,
with
who
it be
doubted
and
of
the
carried
hasty
it be
;
and
which
force
to
much
so
^i*"i
much
side
arises,
warship
has
and
the
very
peril
in
The
under
our
thought
foreand
consistency
of
issues
On
position.
long
when
ready
and
for
points directly
which
the
type
new
designed
extent
,f"
cant
signifi-
seen,
A
us.
been
the
"
1
have
contemplated
some
of
duced,
pro-
action,
to
the
stand.
we
'"Commerce"
flag;
if
unwise,
involving
against
of
name
which
is
as
to
11
and
already
is
be
must
ample
and
give
own
our
what
occasion
calm
rapidly
magnitude.
see,
of
signs
It
than
other
decision
for
we
be
taken,
be
must
it
it is
be
upon.
can
and
scope
So
Other
alone
national
a
it
that
by
how
to
as
course
acted
hardly
preceded
not
the
with
bring
decision
once
can
can
be
may
will
Whatever
at
Nor
is considered
it
war
circumstances,
and
adopted,
a
instant
on.
such
under
of
for
facts.
no
ultimately adopted.
outbreak
necessity
be
it
be
can
whatever
;
our
upon
there
sooner
better
the
settling
The
the
ago.
the
know
tuous
vir-
tolerate
to
question
nation,
a
that
discussed
mode
to
those
the
of
bearing
afford
century
a
the
But
is, whether,
now
can
knew
tainted
If
it is vicious.
question
we
we
as
9
conduct.
its
plunder,
mercenary
practical
in
vicious
or
with
QUESTION.
for
to
it will
be
not
^'destroyed"
be
pretended
is that
that
Public
opinion
advancing.
THE
lo
such
QUESTION.
would
preparations
if
object,
directed
have
of
that
against
sufficient
any
other
any
nation.
Fortunately, however,
though
of
less
it be
growing
a
tendency
limit
to
forces
peaceful
which,
has
the
from
be,
may
wherever
the
why
at
naval
of
European
strength, and
arrive
at
agreement
essential,
willingly yield,
by
towards
but
In
sea.
as
sense.
giving
this
the
it due
and
is needed
form
points
on
in
be
and
its
cussion.
dis-
official
an
of
a
effect.
on
difference
neither
extended
can
to
war
clearly moving
only
not
in
otherwise
which
are
is
as
no
place
for
cannot
consistent
course
taken
war,
who
events
conclusion,
century,
a
strength only,
but
cannot
fact,
only
What
of
been
not
occasion
armed
governments
an
deemed
of
apparent
has
has
recognition
ing
claim-
only
nearly
give
to
waters,
land, between
for
in
This
on.
nations
the
magnitude
any
This
between
advance
that,
is
the
war
military warfare,
in
and
;
similar
a
sea,
war
trial of
is
contest
carried
be
as
locality
common
to
missioned
com-
far
as
of
strain
effected
civilised
be
reason
made
it has
been
already
exclude,
to
the
of
occupants
between
regularly
and
so
erally,
gen-
Governments
contention
to
immediate
unhappily,
to
and
;
evidence
nations,
between
armed,
observe,
strong
the
among
nations)
respective,
also
may
surface,
contests
(as representing
their
the
on
we
as
with
feasible
desirable,
common
method
of
QUESTION.
THE
The
radical
all
like
the
partially,
and
but
the
the
into
of
has
gone
condition.
present
marches
century
value
the
armed,
developed
economy
tried,
tried
and
loose, and
free
done
much
past,
commissioned
Navy
With
,
Its
common
,
best
his
of
in
with
the
war
,
methods
sense,
the
gradually
as
chances
with
of
are
the
working
upon
time
pursuit.
"
slowly
was
money.
other
111
,
the
this
in
of
encouraged
prize
every
with
have
and
of
plunder
all
we
of
use
masses
them
But
they
the
the
paying
way
drilled,
warfare,
with
them
a
learned
variety,
cities.
as
of
forces,
privateers,
it is
imperfectly
ungovernable
same
the
ations,
gener-
voyages
modern
and
country,
sacking
our
feeding
many
under
every
less
or
;
enemy^s
the
in
more
adventurers
of
the
in
commanders
directed,
and
paid,
Italy,
of
been
national
regular
of
its
reaching
of
Before
two.
or
the
of
exhausted,
fighting
been
history
states
have
the
But
has
in
Germany,
in
through
going
and
through
petty
for
land.
on
records
we
ments
Governdesire
endless
experiments
strength
mediaeval
counter-marches
and
the
of
so
The
The
later, those
of
a
older,
is
war
contains
it
of
use
proper
trial
be
to
practised.
Europe
and,
used
It
degraded
"
of hostile
forces
War
it
hostility
the
fair
a
"
that,
is
system
active
gratification
form
more
lessons
war
organised
military
much
of
forms
of
plunder.
mere
old
of the
fatally, degrades
the
"
of
older
purpose
between
fault
ii
fruit
grown
long
and
4^."?^^^"^
civilization.
"
of
varied
r
THE
12
experience.
And
improvement
is
elapse
without
study,
that
to
the
intermittent
old
of
is
has
naval
its
neglected
this
in
so,
is
warfare,
violent
the
continuing
practical objection
of
is
generations
which
It
great
method
It
of
of
process
and
;
war
behind.
the
barbarism.
tardy
opportunity
branch
And
this
when
an
falls
naturally
QUESTION,
stance.
in-
now,
its
not
with
interference
commerce.
Europe
MUitary
havinfif
had
already
a
ereat
by
land
deal
of
or,
in
usage.
,
useful
by
words,
military
it.
the
for
for
it
art
;
for
To
refer
the
is
Even
the
naval
peace
a
naval
and
for
power
of
tury
cen-
side
far behind.
very
our
models
methods
of
"
benefitted
national
of
operation, urgent
what
the
of
And
very
we
material
warfare
^\\\x
a
to
amending,
known
details,
used
last
our
the
from
work,
on
the
of
on
war
took
Paris.
And,
our
we
need
but
to
as
how
our
done.
lesson
news
with
be
to
declaration
Directory,
London,
needs
best
fighting
When
set
perfect
greatly
use
advance
putting
see
to
naval
cxampe.
makes
footing.
same
no
"
impracticable.
that
now
in
now,
motives
past
and
has
when
in
was
that
war
effective
time,
a
way
rapidly becoming
are
purposes,
ago
have
of
and
national
this
practice
branch
economic
the
the
Its armies
become,
The
of
.
in
experience
other
the
.
wooden
this
subject began,
the
from
four
days
in similar
ships,
French
to
reach
fashion,
under
we
sail.
THE
armed
with
shot, and
of
smooth-bore
and
the
merchant
like
and
on
muskets
his
which
an
We
had
London
elevated
clear
in
could
scraps,
gallop.
what
of
had
having
to
enemy
;
usual
vessels
side,
of
to
authorised
and
to
be
to
this
and
;
a
or
pect
pros-
and
arm
worth
best
armed
with
merchantmen
had
far
as
possible,
as
afloat
this
to
attended
been
it
the
regular
States,
but,
suitable
the
under
end,
private adventurers,
equip
.for
business,
was
found
only
not
his
unarmed
combatant
in
work,
to
got
pursue,
And,
enemy.
call
it
destroy,
or
the
could
horse
a
sport,
what
and, when
employ
to
of
for
out,
else
the
pre-arranged
understood
well
made
first
capture
of
party
vessels, the
everything
flag
each
and
gain.
seek
to
"
to
than
placed
daylight,
in
faster
was
of
wooden
and
in
element
an
go
crowded
to,
which,
combatant
time,
the
do
to
individual
Each
and
when
white
of
arms,
messages,
sent
without
not
the
be
And,
they
was
movable
weather,
"
effective
consisting
by
spots,
sea
signals, indeed,
semaphore
with
at
the
see
as
experience
deemed
could
you
Dover,
to
supplied
posts,
on
till
the
scale,
not
the
out
of whoni,
use
smaller
a
ers
show-
mostly swept
men
many
to
were
enemy
eyes.
from
bring
encounters
against
of
by
service,
could
privateersmen,
slinging
and
manned
round
throwing
far-reaching,
not
"
from
of
and
canister,
chain-shot
13
guns,
occasional,
grape
errant
in
QUESTION.
on
who
was
armed
each
were
ships
for
Privateering,
THE
14
the
capturing^
others,
as
by
could
they
their
in
aim
was
of
for
just
better
than
piratical profit.
the
pirate
halter
round
spare
a
to
US
old
naval
to
the
method
been
"
of
rights
so
of
of
far
as
those
he
to
at
method
raise
engaged
of
more
fought
or
with
afford
not
done.
not
sea,
with
atrocities
had
a
to
This
no
reason
his
raise
always
common
tolerated.
amply
acquainted
results
international
fighting
the
should
have
records
of
is
were
form
legalised
there
those
if both
Ordinary
carried
the
level
In
interfere
could
he
himself
privateers
with
that
removed,
the
a
and
methods.
traceable,
and
Their
piracy,
personal
what
of
its
not
been
neck,
pirate
Our
Belligerents
his
to
the
The
consciousness
however,
methods
did
as
And
inducement,
of
legality
always
witness
the
why
have
the
to
dread,
Neutrals.
of
the
less,
character
much
so
resist
fight,to
ordinary
the
because
was
practice.
partake
which
in
piracy,
went
to
it
bent
but
being caught.
their
the
nothing
was
of
was
the
of
apt
really designed
not
thieves
as
"
having
very
fact, it
it
so
much
also
volunteers,
they fought,
danger
was,
employment,
had
If
help
not
supplemented
fighting capacity,
any
when
capture,
as
control, and
plunder.
on
thus
individual
of
the
to
profit.
were
band
in
operate
solely
navies
official
no
belonging
of private
official
scattered
a
under
to
merchantmen
matter
a
The
QUESTION.
whenever
any
in
of
it has
discussion
it.
the
When
as
the
1
THE
6
the
freedom
right
The
Armed
*
*Armed
Denmark,
the
instance
of
the
was
the
States,
*'
of
Right
our
that
brought
181
181
2,
on
particular offence,
search
forced
of
for, and
British
The
distance
class
of
offer
them
for
the
vessels
material
sea
for
was,
the
loss
the
time,
of
had
we
our
the
then
not
competing
in
also,
was
of
command
that
from
cepting
ex-
sought
who
complain
to
from
did
our
vessels,
little
ships.
complete,
so
Navy,
our
trade,
and
the
rather
seamen,
our
in American
exemption,
gangs,
That
small;
comparatively
the
time, and
supply,
2,
in
instance
American
that
at
181
States
for
advantage
trade.
and
States
trade
could
they
any
in
United
of
of
was
impressment,
the
carrying
our
then
of
localities
maritime
sidcf
serving
seamen
exercise
the
this
in
our
on
of
1806
with
war
by
vessels
the
by
between
though
1814;
3,
And
1
assumed
resisting)the
our
80
1
respect,
(and
Search,"
bardment
bom-
.
this
in
this
of
was
April,
at
us,
Nelson's
by
in
enforcing
United
1800,
it up
in
against
in
Copenhagen,
in
to
Sweden,
of Russia,
formed
broke
attitude,
Navy,
our
"
Napoleon,
We
two
or
search.
Prussia,
of
one
combinations
powerful
Neutrality
and
character.
it
of
in
flag ; and,
formed
they
the
resist
their
of
instances
QUESTION.
press-
our
that
in
of
direction.
The
lay,
naval
in
war
root
the
to
of
first
the
complaints
instance,
degenerate
into
in
evidently
made
the
plunder
tendency
;
and
of
then.
DECLARATION
THE
as
commerce
could
such
to
grew
not
OF
thrust
it aside,
of
two
the
PARIS.
17
that
dimensions
in
the
absolute
if
pursuits,
war
patibility
incom-
carried
not
on
quite apart.
In
of
point
taken
by
vessel
"good
had
country
been
either
being
and
absent,
having
spirit
also
of
hostility and
suffering
more
and
hardly expect,
The
in
of
chief
most
and
violence
end
to
elapsed
any
in
serious
proceedings
extent
that
often
for
;
and,
period,
attention
of
of
the
the
fair
deal
in
begun
not
concerned.
however,
now
practised
was
fortunately,
assembled
about
to
way
mid-
the
received
of
Powers
Europe.
In
European
seven
or
March,
less
engaged
1856,
the
States
in
the
representatives
who
Crimean
had
Deciara-
was,
good
a
those
subject
The
play.
ashore
had
have,
a
and
readily believed,
method
old
by
gain,
get,
What
any
years
country,
fight, could
to
way
be
may
equity,
the
the
the
it
eighty
of
not
peculation.
since
great
from
the
there
affected
did
open
was,
in
About
of
to
cases,
perjury
mere
apt
result
less
was
aggrieved,
enemy's
greed
Courts,
captor's
had
parties
some
or
of the
persons
Prize
captured
court
an
with
deal
to
in
or
the
port
a
the
But
so.
till
authorised
duly
a
it
adjudged
into
man-of-war,
a
prize"
taken
and
;
by
or
whether
ship,
captured
a
privateer
a
deemed
not
form,
been
War,
of the
more
being
1
DECLARATION
THE
8
assembled
and
in
and
;
in
the
record
of
Plenipotentiaries
Prussia,
Congress
of
the
and
Considering
That
of
subject
the
neutrals
That
even
is
the
their
Governments
respect
conflicts
so
been
long
of
of
the
duties
the
opinion
in
between
serious
occasion
may
;
advantageous
respond
the
international
in
Congress
intentions
than
at
which
by
seeking
to
principles
in
by
fixed
relations
a
;
assembled
to
establish
to
point
a
animated,
Plenipotentiaries,
attaining
have
concert
to
this
the
;
being
themselves
among
object
adopted
and, having
following
duly
to
as
to
come
ation
Declar-
solemn
"
Privateering
is,and
2.
The
flag
war,
has
and
law
important
are
resolved
of
exception
of
hundred
eight
war,
which
1.
3.
Paris
"
differences
to
above-mentioned
agreement,
:
of
;
authorized,
an
on
better
into
means
Treaty
;
Plenipotentiaries
cannot
introduce
rise
of
the
of
consequently
doctrine
Paris
the
time
in
law,
belligerents
it
The
in
assembled
the
Conference,
in
gives
difficulties,and
That
the
by
France,
Austria,
thousand
one
uncertainty
and
uniform
on
:
matter,
a
signed
Turkey,
signed
deplorable disputes
That
this
March,
maritime
of
Britain,
who
Plenipotentiaries
thirtieth
put
:
Law,
and
up
i6th, 1856.
Paris, April
at
fifty-six,assembled
such
Great
peace,
took
manner
Paper
Sardinia,
Russia,
business,
Maritime
respecting
of
terms
formal
State
following
PARIS.
the
that
somewhat
a
Declaration
The
settle
to
despatched
having
this
Paris,
OF
neutral
of
Neutral
are
not
goods,
liable
to
with
abolished
enemy's
covers
of
contraband
remains,
war
;
goods,
with
the
;
the
capture
exception
under
of
enemy's
contraband
flag
,"
DECLARATION
THE
is to
that
to
prevent
knowledge
to
of
Congress
the
States
Paris,
of
that
world,
the
the
and
maxims
taken
they
with
will
it.
to
now
gratitude
claim
prothe
by
doubt
not
obtain
to
be
in
part
accede
to
the
to
Plenipotentiaries
thereof,
adoption
them
Governments
their
of
tiaries
Plenipoten-
not
which
received
be
really
Declaration
have
invite
to
sufficient
undersigned
which
ive,
effect-
be
enemy.
present
undersigned
efforts
general
the
19
must
force
a
of the
the
the
but
cannot
by
of
bring
binding,
be
to
coast
to
Convinced
that
the
Governments
engage
whole
order
maintained
say,
access
The
the
in
Blockades,
4.
PARIS.
OF
the
with
crowned
full
success.
The
binding, except
or
shall
eight
at
to
and
(Signed)
who
have
be
not
acceded,
it.
Paris,
hundred
shall
and
not
Powers
those
between
accede,
Done
is
Declaration
present
the
sixteenth
of
April,
thousand
one
fifty-six.
BUOL-SCHAUENSTEIN.
HUBNER.
WALEWSKI.
BOURQUENEY.
CLARENDON.
COWLEY.
MANTEUFFEL.
HATZFELDT.
ORLOFF.
BRUNNOW.
CAVOUR.
DE
VILLAMARINA.
AALI.
MEHEMMED
The
of
was
the
not
most
DJEMIL.
important
and
which
ended
in
law
movement
anything
the
general
most
in
of
this
cause
document
nations
"
the
or
c
2
why
made,
DECLARATION
THE
20
law"
"maritime
of
last
our
increased
naval
the
from
subject
increased
deeper
interest
time
been,
disposed
prior
the
throughout
of the
exposed
A
to
had
military,
after
throughout
attention
subject
and
;
rather
incurred
at
likely
not
taken
all
felt
chiefly
than
At
to
a
time
of
went
the
wrecks
hand
lights.
winter
up
of
The
for
Providence
Lords
winter
stores),
"a
of
is
far
Europe,
of
had
been
which
had
been
valuable
deal
to
interested
in
neutrals,
very
of
coasts
which
had
been
with
what
in
but
the
neutrals.^
as
It
yet
not
inevitable
supplies
all
general
"
condemned.
be
dangerous
the
of
bias
The
public
the
repeated,
partly
less
or
more
majority
*
and
discuss,
to
be
to
soon
years*
mainly
deemed
opportunity
an
sea,
greatly
but
to
those
of
than
less,
or
called
peace
risks
the
three
naval,
of
very
more
or
sea,
and
also
Europe
view
in
escaped,
two
long
a
and
quantity
extent
some
by
on
course,
oi
war
some
immediately
always,
of
and
;
for
rapidly
the
thus
of the
in it.
had
had,
sea
increased.
and
;
It
view
had
years,
and
any-
war.
carried
world,
property
at
duration,
take
commerce
increased
greatly
value
the
1856,
to
of
and
twenty
some
such
importance
were,
to
it
was
point
all
the
During
another
the
since
nor
;
commercial
a
PARIS.
existed
war
of
probability
obviously,
was,
had
it
as
"
close
OF
as
good
was,
Manors
but
this
regarded
the
grow
winter
occasionally,
claimed,
and
;
and
forced
welcomed,
observed
control.
the
more
naturally regarded
them
long, public
"
be
near
blessings (bringing
nights
wrecking
very
to
lacking
yet
villages,
and
"
local
rather
nature,
when
distant,
as
is
matter,
human
it is
by
the
prayers
even
use
wreckage,
"
welcome
times
some-
said
that
of
false
as
they
THE
DECLARATION
We
have
practically
which,
the
we
it
public
clue
its
to
For
us
origin,
have
been
form,
to
acted
from
to
practically, there
of the
only
It had
that
found
long
did
been
Treasure
authorised
not
that
**
(of
say
the
least,
to
not
up
retain
of
and
in
the
old
unnatural.
a
all,
at
in
opportunities
of
of
must
doing
control
We
air
serene
wreckage
readiness
occur,
to
had
it
game.
the
and
;
disputes."
absence
fair
inevitable
pieces,"
will
sively,
oppres-
stated,
deemed
arrangements),
the
if
powers
is
(especially
the
and
the
even
deplorable
day,
to
had, consequently,
as
popularly
ever
promote
commercial
picking
willingness
some
to
in
is
have
neutrals
to
this
to
wreckage
desired
breakage
lies
subject
And,
agents,
suppose
profit
the
trove.
diplomacy),
where
whence,
neutrals,
upon
**law":
naval
weaker
pected
ex-
which,
in
modified,
hardly,
the
upon
**
bear
to
sea
necessarily
as
one
and
;
taken
accepted
state
a
"
but
fective.
de-
commonly
been
been
influence
to
went
time,
war
is, yet,
stronger.
under
been
of
state
a
wars
deemed
and
to
ancient
arisen, and
had
time
the
naval
been
who
and
;
it"
distinct
a
which
strangers,
enemies
upon,
incident
1856,
all
when
meet
their
meet
to
have
to
seen
was
times
in
drift.
had
a
framed
and
under
usage
conducted,
It
who
afford
long time, prior
a
of
facts,
they
purpose,
still tolerated
and
and
;
have
of how
the
those
to
ceded
pre-
nor
statement
But
cussions
dis-
the
years,
Declaration,
about.
to
2r
of
some
connected
known
nature,
known
are
and
brought
was
for
this
of
making
PARIS.
record
no
probably
distinct
any
OF
do
it, may
of
and
of
war
high
;
but
palpable
it, and
be
by
need
even
deemed,
THE
2^
DECLARATION
These
to
materially,
incidents
and
5);
181
previous
had
hopeless
Order
March,
1854.
the
evil
nature,
of
the
But
in
^
a
view,
issued
by
of
in
Russia,*
Maritime
declared
that
neutral
in
The
bottoms
fact, little
in
than
the
by
most
been
Further,
and
of
modern
*
The
Council
was
dated
of
war
25th.
to
the
under
was
waived
her
and
be
carried
capture.
April, 1856,
and
what
a
petuation
per-
done
was
for
had,
was,
the
us.
of
neutrals
determine,
improved
had
commerce,
Declaration
by
our
then
enforced,
adoption,
influence
contributing
belligerents,
of
in
the
of
Thus
initiated
the
to
**
to
against
war
Declaration
subsequent
part,
prior
liabilityto
an
Order.
Council,
m
should
goods
declaration,
of, this
being
immediately
Britain
without
more
of
wars
apparently
also,
previously
as
enemies*
subsequent
and
reference
Great
Rights,"
fact,
without
recent
with
differences,
pending
in
naval
Order
then
which,
which
to
was,
immediately
the
the
disputes.
had,
Queen,
our
with
it
past
signincant
very
annoying
18 14,
3,
prominence,
these
(1793-
war
sense,
Assembly
Declaration
our
the
atious
vex-
France
And
diplomatic
most
more
181
2,
review
a
with
struck
even
referred.
to
in
Europe,
with
war
181
the
of
during,
tended
particular,
some
been
in
already
impossible
our
and
States
have
I
of
to,
United
in
disputes had,
aggravate,
PARIS,
OF
gazetted
been
28th
March,
in
the
ing,
affectaction
conditions
illustrated
and
the
Order
THE
24
Increase
of
value
of
DECLARATION
the
exports,
our
PARIS.
OF
only
measure
then
we
Commerce.
had
of
the
foreign trade, had,
our
in
war
increase.
had
But,
though
The
with,
diverse.
the
Those
effected
dread
hardly
all
be
however
claimed,
powerful
at
crippled by
Not
the
This
assented
by
of
the
could
misconduct,
of
Right
often
states
;
Search,
ruthlessly
the
by
thus
and
.liberty
greater
trade
carrying
was
purpose
any
neutrals,
belligerent
neutrals
were
relieving neutrals,
by
and
against
as
served
privateering,
for
the
of
extent
great
previously
to
and
atrocious),
mon
com-
(as privateers
liable
made
be
on.
the
abolish
merchantmen
ever
will
naturally weighed
Accordingly,
to
a
place
taken
be
to
it
and
;
undoubtedly
was
neutrals
of
by agreeing
of
a
motive
no
1855,
however,
detail, further
interests
heavily.
most
the
in
leading
but
;
had
This,
of
close
to
threefold
less, increase
Europe.
dealt
down
date
than
more
throughout
best
that
the
1833, shown
about
to
from
increased
similar,
to
down
1815,
from
belligerents
more
leaving
take
to
ercised,
ex-
up
more
or
the
less
war.
to
attempt
reform,
to
extent,
some
all
Powers.
the
practice
agreed
to
by
to
the
of
assent
Spain
and
to
naval
the
assembled
all the
other
all, excepting
Mexico.
the
warfare,
of
The
Declaration,
having
Powers,
Powers,
the
United
not
been
municated
com-
was
and
United
received
States,
States
because
jected
ob-
they
adverse
were
but
the
on
enough
of
the
of
any
that
ground
and
;
the
as
to
of
did
they
the
of
changes,
not
at
war,
far
go
abolition
entire
private property
contraband
regards
25
proposed
they suggested
capture
PARIS.
OF
DECLARATION
THE
except
sea,
and
breach
of
may
be
to
blockade.
Since
1856
been
acted
have
assented
the
even
the
States
with
the
said
who
Powers
occurred
civil
acted
in
with
contest
(April,
Government
and
;
have
to
seem
it, during
Confederate
the
has
opportunity
United
accordance
all
by
upon
it, as
to
Declaration
the
1861
to
April, 1865).
another
However,
the
circumstances
a
record
of
and
with
expedient
to
greatly
much
date,
the
by
and
reference
as
that
;
intended
was
further
at
has
years
to
more
deemed
was
principal
powers
Europe.
doubt,
No
indication
we
what,
of
of
tendency
regards
of
gather
respect,
the
war
at
now
have
at
these
and,
least
the
date
prevailing,
of
it, may
leading
with
the
at
the
ting
unhesita-
generally
powers,
"
strong
a
and,
was,
be,
Law
from
only
not
would
Maritime
'*
;
here
that
probably
date,
present
time
it
forty
regarded
of what,
immediately
Declaration
the
perhaps,
be
now,
of
which
It cannot,
future,
of
been
again
changed.
than
date
to
have
apply
the
the
since
elapsed
period
the
future
in
improbably
not
disposition,
the
as
same
in
this
Powers,
of
Nature
^^
^^
the
*""'
DECLARATION
THE
?6
and
with
probably
entire
the
view,
all.
need
for
assembled
and
for
the
that
apparent
been
had
specific
And
a
would
document
as
with
on
the
first
was
not
and
practice
naval
we
are
The
and
with
might
with
issued
have
far-reaching,
fit
and
be
dealt
It
in
referred
all
the
ordinary
pressed,
ex-
particulars
this
for
and
something
strongly
was
for
those
of
any
of
remedy,
warfare,
and
attention,
sense
a
;
to
forward
opportunity.
serious
of
proposed
there
to
was,
reason.
speakers
were
fitly hesitate
authority,
it.
lightly by
capable
perhaps, ample
deal
brougfht
favourable
though
of
remedies
of
so
was
received
But
to
as
effect.
approached
assembled.
meeting,
beforehand,
to
already recognised,
evidently
the
in
condemned
was
had
wrong,
them
and
been
weight
provision,
formal,
imperfect
evil
an
much
so
It is
had
their
;
nected
con-
with.
dealt
hardly, otherwise,
so
What
purpose
purpose
enable
to
powers
they
though
the
all
to
suggest
different
before
of
the
by
was,
immediately
additional
deemed
1856,
somewhat
here
subject
in
already
not
was
this
a
distinctly in contemplation
and
still,undoubtedly,
action
for
met
which
with
of
point
place that,
deemed
had
one
first
such
some
They
this
from
is
the
in
Powers,
urgent.
PARIS.
consideration.
It is evident,
the
And
Declaration
of careful
worthy
OF
where
dealing
to
with
themselves
express
blame,
as
equals,
to
the
past,
DECLARATION
THE
be
might
same
;
the
drift
of
to
the
new
if
we
desire
practice
unfit
The
but
of
by
Here
is
one
the
naval
been
of
should
be
This
those
put
done
it
except
an
that
is
also
that
by
it
a
had
will
common
is
go,
that
the
the
old
entirety.
in
ber
num-
categories
the
merely
quite positive
where,
?
likely
to
seem
to
record
of
mode
of
end
:
verse
con-
fact
the
that
previously
in
effect
agreement,
not
it had
matter,
the
privateering
if
nothing
not
like
be
or
a
firm
fact, that
abolished,
been
be
more
resumed.
in
perfectly obvious,
not
if
unmistakably
will, in fact,
not
previous
that
handling
even
a
something
something
even
it
in
require
the
and
abolish
To
^^^^h'
and
;
how,
prevail again,
evinces
to,
*'
effective
so
speaking,
and
;
privateering
and
bare
a
conviction
But
so
certainly
desire
to
remains, abolishedy
abolished
**
would
done.
however,
were
it
and
wars,
than
was
three
when,
prevalent,
so
prevented,
more
have
four
were
island
ask
to
was
practice
its
being
language
tempted
whom,
see
other.
Privateering
"i.
in
into
three
far
so
we
deeming
changes
and
each
in
fall
that
we
it
retained
they
two
'*
be
to
proposed
numbers
that
unanimous
were
and
It is, therefore,
wherein
know
to
powers
;
themselves
rules
not
were
changes,
desired.
they
27
only when,
definite
what
PARIS.
interests
it is
and
they proposed
as,
Their
implied.
the
quite
OF
"
abolished
by
a
declara-
"
28
THE
tion
the
on
only
DECLARATION
of
part
the
its
familiar
the
ucutral
Neutral
3.
contraband
under
of
an
practical
are
not
war
the
goodsy
s
enemy
of
with
be
;
and
of
exception
liable
to
while
they
Sy
in
mistake
no
in
not,
are
Blockade
""
capture
future,
be
to
neutral.
remain
order
the
to
as
be
to
binding,
must
effectived
effect
The
vessel
entering
blockaded,
is
blockade
is
There
make
clear
;
the
of
said
unless
capture
a
be
to
efficient
the
of
independently
ticular
par-
general
due
to
of
capturing
very
it
with
and
of
to
Declaration
the
effect, if
amplification
put
here
expressed
purpose
consistently,
undoubtedly
way
to
port,
a
enough
not
but
be
leaving
that
is, apparently,
capture.
whole
to
seem
or
liable
is
out
this
not
the
carried
of
proved,
of
act
could
what
be
would
expression,
material
obstacles
private property
at
sea
is
in
for
future.
Hitherto
the
for
covers
goods
can
with,
^^
the
of
is, from
diplomacy
contraband
Neutrals
meddled
the
continuance
dis-
its
flag''
s
there
intention.
be
not
instance
an
become,
to
flag
war,
enemy
Here
Blockade.
apt
exception of
**
Neutral
^*
''The
2.
with
of
ready,
enforce
to
here
language
and
unintelligible.
purposes,
^"
have
peculiar reticence,
Neutral
also
but
We
how
able
Powers
proclaim,
to
PARIS.
OF
most
part,
its
capture
has
by privateers
been
;
and
effected,
this
it is
for
pro-
THE
posed
to
altogether.
stop
vessels
and
past,
to
of
merchantmen
of
of
Declaration
the
from
neutrals
private
of
conclusion
the
escape
would
it
that,
however,
been
would
value
also
the
of
of
trade
belligerents
Declaration
the
*
The
to
form,
to
a
a
practical
perhaps
the
**
of
will
result
to
be
National
The
familiar
to
be
regarded
by
American
attention.
however,
light during
found,
Association
in
a
a
other,
the
neutrals,
the
war
as
carrying
which,
;
commercial
a
this
as
lawyer
responsible
these
and
discussion
that
of
discussion
view
a
historian,
the
Social
is
have
the
to
with
and
of
government
of
in
compass,
promotion
with
the
details
of
point
compendious
a
ill-encumbered
be
the
of
in
subject,
the
most
to
have
each
designed,
of
moderate
for
contribution
clearly
to
in
and
previous
the
Had
materially,
it, would
past,
to
far.
so
from
written
with
dealing
Fortunately,
brought
The
the
necessary
country.
and
of
of
framers
considerable.*
consideration
practical
the
sharing
are
business,
all
hardly
can
of
engaged
being
of
men
method
details
many
work,
present
addressed
suggest
of
stands,
view,
one
made
chance
there
if
exempt
against
concessions
their
diminishing
to
reduced,
relieve
but
;
it would
as
have
purpose
to
gone
done,
here
is
as
war
some
have
belligerents
hampered
and
that
willingly
chasing
was
capture,
time
capture.
tendency
from
property
times
in
immediate
by
strong
a
have
to
evidently
disturbance
also
not
was
and
in
had,
to
liable
direct
the
sioned
commis-
chance
a
them
29
without
do
to
feeble
so
finding
short,
likely
more
for
supposed
usually
enough
quite
come,
PARIS.
Regularly
have
war
much
are
In
OF
DECLARATION
the
noted
been
subject
;
and
Transactions
Science,
^^
especially
of
1861,
"
worthy
II."
since
Made
OUR
naval
last
our
Maritime
POSITION.
Our
Law
ago
in
accounts
1
"
After
level
Electric
rapid
1833
"
Since
1856
"
interest
of
other
Our
Colonies
only
specific
uses
by
Made
our
Maritime
the
AH
since
affects
Ships
all
"
Commerce
have
be
to
not
"
Commerce
have
we
terested
in-
alike
All
"
Forbidden
destroying
"
Law
"
leaders
purposes
"
Summar)\
"
risk
at
this
in
matter
we
may
as
chants
mer-
last
-
...
naval
common
profitably
diverted,
question
present
for
"
The
Shipping
Our
"
We
Imports
"
"
"
The
of
Excess
"
1839-53
"
"
Imports
"
States
"
transport
trade
Free
"
quantity
and
Value
Steam
reform
Exports
"
"
"
Postal
telegraph
dead
A
"
increase
century
a
"
1819-32
15
The
"
And
1856
801-
stake
at
"
commerce
"
official
The
Interests
war
be
,
said
wealth
naval
to
have
to
war.
and
ship-owners
and
in
with
risks
we
at
stay
can
These
have
in
can,
we
than
incur
we
commerce
our
risks
sea
;
and
Let
as
we
the
us
has
the
of
are
commensurate
also
with
much
interference
of
stand,
rising
with
concerned
event
now
the
to
continued.
hostile
of
look
and
be
to
of
spell
now
extent,
immediately
are
we
it
last
our
present
in
growth
our
great.
which
under
What
the
its
to
and
;
since
been
mto,
grown
power,
has
origin,
conditions
are
gradually
warfare,
its
11
1
war
;
no
more
to-morrow's
with
that
lies
tingency
con-
a
avert
sun.
all
we
beyond
OUR
32
What
issued.
the
was
of
commerce
lost
And
looked,
We
almost
are
council
Paris,
its
that
by
regarded
authorised
to
they
matters
a
first
the
for
world,
in
engaged
those
sea
of
express
dealt
common
intelligence
a
subject
was
of such
a
it
was
of
thus
joint opinion
an
there
body
of
at
the
so
and
on
the
important,
submitted
men
It
well
as
competent
new,
the
is.
was
men,
A
with,
day,
and
;
history
commerce
very
our
it
the
each
the
commerce,
in
no
of
of
Further,
it.
time
body
a
by
view,
though
mutual
in
seven
commerce
extended
more
benefit
all who
concerns
the
the
mutual
more
be
this
with
it is of
own,
which
in
the
commerce
shall, all through,
it
that
its
advancing
the
of
essence
sea
to
apt
In
of
For
so.
mainly
too
Their
the
effect
justly
and
"
them.
dealt
was
Europe.
in
regarded
Power
and
of
Powers
world
subject
they
as
concerned.
representatives
embraced
doubt,
the
the
by
principal
as
the
of
be
to
thing
a
the
drift
look,
perhaps,
exclusively
however,
case,
the
suggested
as
we
rapidly
now
to
commerce
as
of
value
which
so,
which
and
aright
have
or
but
new,
commerce
sea
ourselves,
own
our
that,
great
a
the
we
facts
are
regard
the
and
them,
the
at
quite
:
view
years,
In
understand
to
to
twenty
us
in
mainly
1856.
to
in
proposals,
attached
we
novelty
growth
increasing
their
the
something
saw
its
world.
had
preceding
they
has
authors
its
immediately
know,
POSITION.
as
to
might
POSITION.
OUR
fitlypretend
with
due
the
present
various
is
said
shared
As
1
in
ship represents
ship's
liabilities
about
to
like
get
on
some
on
agree
and
peace
adhere
to.
existence
It
is
of
the
parties
expression
and
use,
If
any
differ
of
a
a
or
fight
it
reconsideration
of
these
;
and
;
have
know
is
to
in
and
in
court
no
rules.
such
in
their
to
agree
need
constant
especially
rules, when
and
conduct,
either
the
going
soil
agree
must
Hence
prior understanding
also
any
cannot
they
out.
and
may
enforce
to
competent
interests
of
there
that
true
territory
they
all
which
war,
every
afloat.
native
rule
rests
of
deck
them
common
in
it
others,
with
amicably
is
Law,
which
marine
their
of
has
which
Maritime
**
the
of
with
sections
it
1-1.-
has
common
that
ourselves.
national
thus
crew
in
nation
no
subject
on
area,
much
so
in
on
the
other
any
connected
.
that
our
happens,
other,
this
assumption
be
to
Each
of
.1
theoretical
seems
of
fact,
(so-called)
the
regards
1
the
In
largely by
more
for
tolerably complete
a
part
any
it
as
every
present
suffice
through
that
of
ever,
how-
world,
that
intimately
whole.
the
interest
not
spirit,and
it will
and
;
than
that
to
of
epitome
any
the
at
best
so
with
ways
be
look
larger
and
country,
may
of
1856,
to
know
we
much
so
in
at
purpose
That
is
it
commerce
looked
was
own.
broad
effect.
Though
the
a
it in
discuss
to
33
a
now
material
of
P^
"Man-
time
Law."
POSITION.
OUR
34
of
change
basis
It
eighty
rules
than
naval
war
broke
into
in
ending
To
Our
out
fell
the
the
regard
about
is
the
and
almost
each
years
the
first
year.
of
commerce
exactly
"
last
second
old
The
disuse.
falls
forty
and
1856,
it
;
into
thus
of
and
;
since
years
ceased
war
disuse
periods
two
hundred
a
warfare
their
of
period
that
since
naval
of
to
practically inapplicable.
more
years
the
affected
so
originally agreed
were
now
is
last
our
they
them
render
to
as
which
on
has
circumstances
the
United
commerce
-tr*
before
1856,
"
^
Kingdom,
as
It
is
but
In
same
;
essentials
it
implies
communication
with
to
in
But
less
and
directly
thus
looking
then
much
much
veyance
con-
exchange
the
of
the
port
trans-
"
and
for,
except
costly
back
we
is
have
the
:
upon
of transactions,
What
and
;
means
slow
range
had.
the
course
and
conveyance
paid
small
be
of
then
were
comparatively
observe
profit.
were
"
was
of
of
did
persons,
way
and
these
Aow
bears
is
it
as
by
to
facilities
profit
now
goods
communication,
when
trade
our
between
view
a
is
It
mark
to
its
on
purpose.
all
of
enlarge
it also
And
grown.
merce,
com-
existed.
hardly
period.
instructive
more
present
our
this
looking
that
said
to
easy,
during
it is
be
it, then
it is
like
is
ago,
might
know
and
it has
wAy
It
now
extension
easy,
on
we
common,
great
century
a
was
world.
another
into
"imii*
it
as
now
enormous
and
a
little
to
POSITION.
OUR
repressive
influence
commerce
which
the
limited
very
for
existing
for
place.
The
to
seen
the
waggon,
still
be
it has
have
We
sea.
the
and
saddled
place
ation
Declar-
the
is thus
the
freedom
got
beyond
sailing ship
with
each
from
of the
on
then
with
goods
purpose
old
our
by
facilities
of all like movements,
bearing
by
the
of
sending
essential
in
conveyance
of
of
exercised
was
communicating
the
Paris, and
extension
period
character
of
road
that
persons
other, and
the
upon
at
35
but
;
style
of
the
we
of
may
naval
warfare.
this
In
country
roads
already good
other
any
of
these
canals
in
had
we
in
been
those
a
of
the
aid
work
at
use
making
previously
century
a
than
To
had
we
ago
fact
Europe.
also
about
for
better
;
country
century
a
and
;
.
there
of
Britain
either
fact, in
in
were,
few
towns
not
to
importance
any
salt
by
1790,
water
by fresh,
or
in
Great
reached
be
well
as
by
as
road.
all facilities
But
general
very
costly, and
what
slow.
horses
carriages
the
value
would
to
seem
have
been
;
post
horses
and
;
taxed
every
and
;
;
progressive
commercial
by
high
were
the
were
consider
now
heavily
very
regulated
was
of
tolled
thus
kingdom,
rates
were
facilities for
such
of
Postage
service
Postage
heavily
roads
the
should
we
intolerably
though
transport,
throughout
made
and
of
purposes
little understood.
distance,
like
the
single she^t
D
of
2
century
ago.
POSITION.
OUR
36
from
sent
paper
Dublin,
pence
distances.
But
welcome
far
a
and
;
its
beyond
surplus
to
revenue
in
brought
revenue,
As
early
over
pool
Liverother
for
large
a
to
or
to
proportion
the
cost.
and
pence,
in
so
postage
addition
Edinburgh,
to
fifteen
charged
was
ten
London
and
being charged
805 it yielded
1
as
of
expenses
million
a
isterling.
For
horses
and
private
coaches
an
These
hour,
while
waggon
or
had
constantly
on
and
of
this
and
capital invested,
though
a
exchangeable
passed
produce
from
place
much
greater
the
heavier
to
charges,
losses
good
road
by
as
our
the
means
the
at
his
supply
increased
price.
the
Thus
the
of
then
a
much
was
stantly
con-
under
was
subject
In
of
sale,
and
was
way.
from
it
hogsheads
present
market,
and
rate
kingdom
for
an
mingham
Bir-
the
proportion
place
it than
of
larger proportion
on
to
of
by
in
at
up
retail
an
mile
a
four
keep
smaller
much
very
miles
getting
seriously
the
made
grocer
or
other
taken
sugar
and
to
alone
public
have
to
A
three
way
the
few
about
went
India
have
to
then
eight
or
week,
a
were
a
said
saddle
passengers,
West
the
course
and
stoppages.
hogshead
Liverpool,
be
seven
boat,
including
a
mails,
and
goods
selling
of
of
canal
which
distances,
may
speed
average
hour,
long
the
conveying
conveyances.
besides
carriages,
for
used
frequently
had,
we
passengers
to
much
fact, comparatively
internal
commu-
;
POSITION.
OUR
nication
profitable
more
in
of
ports
the
York
Had
and
of
as
we
the
in
plunder
At
a
time
articles
taken
now
by
of
coast.
in
and
three
near
to
much
foreign
clearly
accounts
than
and
a
And
measured
times
the
at
kept,
the
as
exports
statement
of
to
from
castle
New-
are
now.
taxed,
not
was
so
total
British
from
imported,
was
been
far
sea,
our
very
Two
House.
of
port
then
we
the
gave
and
are
as
at
they
period
had
;
port
voyages
Custom
and
One
the
mutual
such
coal
its
exported
that
at
century.
of
traffic, especially
everything
we
commerce
But
itself
vessels
from
all
long
as
what
recorded
an
:
grievously
by time), were
almost
another
produce.
got
way.
were
sea
only sailing
were
production,
all
of
still
heavy
London
Though
and
the
of
then
four
what
at
coasting
many
by rail, went
(as
home
practice
there
foreign
that
road
war.
had
large portion
in
tion,
conten-
other's
at
and
peace,
course,
we
in
observe
to
primitive
of
of
But
ships.
of
the
sea,
counties.
each
seen
wise
coast-
painfully developing
interests
by
it,
been
then
with
commerce,
imperilled
send
northern
own
have
even
grown
neighbouring
to
capturing
familiar
too
were
our
Lancaster
might
imperfect
in
to
old, and
traffic, we
than
continent
otherwise,
or
the
to
century,
wheat
surplus
counties
southern
our
the
send
to
last
the
It, in
found
we
were,
37
s
for
more
imports,
and
Irish
imports, though
The
official
^^^^^
^
POSITION.
OUR
38
recorded
nominally
only
III, it
was
that
called
each
imported,
value
time
practical
of successive
of
trade.
There
of
as
imports,
indicated
past
an
Colonial
and
Foreign
the
also
was
account
of
produce
;
recorded
was
declared
value
affords,
produce
available
now
years
however,
though
afford
fair
a
of the
quantities
in
long
a
during
that
they
leave
indication
of
best
indicated
by
And
exportation.
directed
values,
not
much
the
to
as
made,
The
so
as
to
actual
commercial
thus
made
unstated,
period
present
a
gress,
pro-
which
at
it
produce
to
is
enquiry
quantities
advance
by
These,
commercial
our
of
trade
much
power
measured
figures
the
our
the
home
material
period.
our
a
of
only
comparing
especially during
since
exports
this, like
but
exports
the
therefore,
for
succssive
for
the
year.
The
was
recorded
value
the
to
be
exponent
for
only
reference
by
could
current
a
all
for
actually
as
years,
from
Thus,
the
to
the
exports
alone
at
was
declared
as
exports
reference
by
This
exporters.
the
it
adhere
to
the
present,
the
by
values
our
at
as
value
to
years.
For
the
marking
and
;
future
value.
purposes,
compared
current
all
"
official
**
taken
to
then
for
price
was
time
article
price
the
of
way
William
of
reign
by
market
to
the
in
determined,
of
quantity
the
For
quantities.
indicated
really
values,
in
common
available
we
or
have
scale.
are
given
OUR
40
addition
fluctuating
varying
a
good
millions
a
year.
of
closing
of
our
And
clear
got
dead
The
level.
commercial
still
some
living,
of
experience
of
autumn
The
when
figures
in
resulting (as
in
commercial
first
our
crisis
the
in
of
exhibits
almost
of
a
this
short,
there
is
small
decline.
really
in
And
population
It is
fourteen
advance
no
of
seldom
;
be
taken
to
the
account
indeed
is,
as
seen.
years
but,
country
to
turbed,
dis-
on
(1819-32),
the
whole,
this, it will be observed,
the
;
thus
level-^such
kind,
fell
then
years
of
rest
the
preceding
It
three
1826,
from
years
trade.
the
dead
the
two
directions,
other,
for
recession
of the
opposite
each
is that
amount
if the
But
balance
the
and
marked
a
was
depression
great
In
the
chiefly, to
remember),
may
for
of great
years
directed,
annual
lowest
there
matters
were
America,
great
a
;^3 1,536,000,
in
these
those
are
1825.
exaggerated
and
Both
South
of
becomes
amounts
speculation
States
new
annual
1825.
disturbance
war
till 1832.
highest
and
1824
the
on
account
export
"
turbance
dis-
Continent.
the
the
of
the
18 19
singularly uniform
A
with
it
this
that
quite ceased,
accounts
five
that
appear
1818
accounts
we
about
would
year
trade,
export
averaging
it
the
war
from
say
"
real
our
but
deal,
the
When
1819-32.
to
till after
not
was
POSITION.
was
probable,. however,
while
steadily
that
were
a
creasing.
in-
the
POSITION.
OUR
fall
the
in
materials
of
interest
of
into
taken
of
account
the
the
trade, both
our
would
of
indicate
actual
our
and
trade,
the
increase
of
But,
leaving
upon
quite
and
years,
given
the
result
of
profits derived
sufficed
prices
to
increase
steady
the
of
cessation
export),
but
fall of
though
the
and
small
the
to
the
changes
freedom
greater
import
a
it ;
once
attributable
part,
raw
in
fourteen
(these advantageous
"
and
war,
the
also
and
these
during
money,
of
and
provisions,
manufactures,
our
in great
being,
of
prices
41
from
conceal
to
quantity.
the
a
new
the
era
the
steamships
1832,
year
reaching
improvements
transport
which
have
at
railways
and
greatest
in
of
era
"
two
"
enter
we
far-
most
communication
yet
marked
onwards,
the
the
and
of
history
mankind.
From
1833,
c
01
exports
our
Here,
the
rose
I have
as
made
entirely, to
of
the
the
had
increased
declared
distinctly,for
see
of the
advance
been
due,
and
we
almost
decreased
and
are
causes
veyance.
con-
quite
apparent.
In
opened,
*
1830, the
between
15th
of
first of
existing railways
our
Liverpool
September,
1830.
The
and
author
Manchester;*
was
After
1833
rapid increase.
regularly.
rapidity
several
value
11
J
communication
of
the
we
causes
//
means
And
said,
main
since.
the
and
rapidly
^
first time,
have
cost
-ji
present.
was
OUR
42
POSITION.
for
thenceforward,
and,
the
of the
resources
rapid
to
as
as
was
Of
railway,
suppliers
others
to
and
plant,
elsewhere.
And,
before
of
assurance
had
we
solid
led,
we
of
fruits
of
the
railways
had
who
could
waited
follow
facilities
in
where
the
first
rapid
a
of
and
manufactures,
first
labour,
and
making
those
new
users
the
largely reaping
were
our
and
skill
for
lowed
fol-
were
we
also
success
our
transport
makers
the
of
machinery,
for
railway
became
we
chiefly
turned
course
first
the
as
of
years,
many
were
increase
an
and,
the
of
country
practicable.
;
good
a
tension
ex-
our
borne
sea-
trade.
Steam
Steam
transport.
of
days),
eighteen
days)^
(fourteen
England
April,
in
sea
eight
about
powerful
in
the
period
Tel^^ph.
down
in
theory,
In
give
to
the
took
same
Each,
the
to
a
new
of
it
of
and
aspect
to
in
ance
appear-
commerce
however,
us,
from
in
appeared
growth
before
now
the
a
gave
commerce
chiefly
trade
our
tributed
con-
from
1856.
Electric
The
Electric
land.
its
service
than
(in
together,
made
steam
later
Atlantic
nearly
effective
impetus
to
1833
the
years
by
carriage,
that
So
1838.
(in
"
Western
the
York,
available
**Sirius"
Great
crossed
New
to
at
the
and
**
the
subject
a
become
not
till after
service
ocean
been
long
did
but
experiment,
for
had
transport
Telegraph,
a
long
practical shape
year
Rowland
before
in
known
1837.
Hill
proposed
POSITION.
OUR
the
brought
into
And
in
the
Free
and
scheme;
Postage
penny
43
in
it
1840
was
postal
Reform.
use.
January,
Trade
1846,
Policy,
finally adopted
we
which
to
we
have
since
new
and
adhered.
within
Thus,
distinct
personal
goods,
carrying
than
had
very
soon
I
have
foreign
before
the
the
said
that
reflected
Declaration
the
by
1856,
twenty-three
by
and
What
the
of
of
work
lay
observed,
was
from
years,
our
exports,
our
authors
the
was
Trade.
1832
to
the
called
had
level.
world,
upon,
of
18 19
dead
And,
Free
adopting
indicated
a
mercantile
the
in
world
give
to
we
powers
from
as
nearly
at
new
way
commerce,
remained
and
led
we
the
though
as
of
means
before.
achieved
afterwards,
to
the
throughout
been
scope
originating
"
to
more
of
transport
all
use
commerce
ever
greatest
use
common
cheapening
the
and
adding
on
and
accelerating,
into
and,
us,
four
years,
communication,
came
with
into
of
means
few
a
1833
the
to
sequent
sub-
1855,
inclusive.
The
seven
of
average
ending
years
trade
export
our
with
1825
had
for
the
been
;^36, 790,000.
The
with
of
average
1832
Here,
advance.
was
as
;^36, 1
I
have
the
seven
years
ending
79,000.
said,
we
have
no
tible
percep-
Free
Trade.
OUR
44
Then
1839-53-
POSITION^
followed
:
"
Seven
ending
years
1839,
do.
;^46, 7 76,000.
average
2*54, 70,000.
1846,
1
"
do.
/71, 158,000.
1853,
"
and
Two
(average) ending
years
And
thus
Powers
European
Paris
in
had
the
of
risen
from
fourteen
the
millions
the
War,
of
maritime
the
that
had
good
peoples
s
for
of
of
a
states
the
war
to
better
interfere
and
by
to
get
to
so
learn
And
under
they
the
how
enabling
(ever impending)
must,
the
promising.
before,
gone
and
ing
touch-
from
so
aptitudes.
them
naval
something
us
accomplished
other,
and
all of
to
of
take
to
disputes"
and
different
wants
do
manifestly likely
had
close
the
to
why,
and
induced
were
a
like
something
bequeathed
been
each
to
nearer
other
what
saw
with
year,
arrange
welcome
so
years,
thirty-six
how,
deplorable
'*
and
progress
a
assembly
law,
past,
to
they
their
settling
centuries
millions
Paris
of
level
dead
our
having
twenty-three
understand
in
of
commerce
maintaining
now
advantage
much
its
can
met
evidence
in
years*
of
Crimean
towards
value,
of advance.
they
They
to
representatives
sea-borne
rate
We
with
them
ninety-six
to
same
the
before
in
prospect
when
their
world's
steadily
fair
sent
the
when
account
1856.
They
share
the
stood
;^96,436,ooo.
1855
much
each
saw
spect
pro-
existing
POSITION.
OUR
circumstances,
such
to
tend,
advance
all
and
dread
If
1856,
it
had
trade
shall
we
whence
the
the
begun
;
that
but
;
account,
the
strongly
calculated
are
conveys
any
future.
up
how
see
increased
the
take
now
we
had
Trade
much
check
to
apprehended,
event
Free
over-hung
yet
the
fruits.
its
less,
or
in
and,
;
diminish
more
45
Declaration
that
The
impressions
those
confirm
to
of
from
as
evidently
year
sprang.
It
happens
so
give
accounts
of
from
years
the
the
imports,
and
with
actual
indicate
bulk,
and
board
which
goes
exports
in
our
latter
to
make
of
deal
commodities
which
return,
whole
the
not
the
alone,
up
British
as
the
and
order
the
comparative
the
of
actual
abroad,
included
vessels,
stated
by
official
Irish
these
extent
do
they
years,
not
exports."
**
by
way
to
come
in
the
and
clared
de-
the
on
though
But
bales, barrels
merchant
and
better
rely
expected
is
figures
exports
in
to
successive
great
a
for
on
in
forty
previously.
exports.
degree
nearly
send
in
the
some
trade
our
than
far, had
so
of
in
include
in
detail
the
the
these
view
the
have
we
of
wider
For
both
of
each
and
have,
value
We
values
more
We
1895
to
official
our
and
progress.
1856
for
1854,
clearer
much
a
commercial
our
of
us
that, after
of
change
ex-
home
cargoes
sent
cases
the
value
the
shippers,
statement
produce.
of
of
our
growth
merce
^^^6.
since
POSITION,
OUR
46
We
ship,
But,
value
the
only
at
the
of
these
is
realise
than
as
there
But
imports
and
do
paid for,
in
the
We
skill
other
and
also
the
in
these
the
a
deal
good
places
;
and
additional
of
Stocks
and
sterling,
the
Statist, i8th
and
British
Bonds
annual
in
send
we
home
been
the
return
July, 1896.
a
invested
United
from
States,
which
and
other
some
which
Land
puts
is
most
for
exaggerated
in
are
India,
it
keeping
not
also
these
(as savings)
all
From
manent
per-
out
in
in
no
they
remuneration
way
apparently
capital
form
when
required
the
and
returns
abroad),
and
as
have
we
careful,
A
amount
its
imports.
since
*
of
the
investments
is
the
find
to
go
instance,
what
be
to
to
can
and
:
sometimes
much
finds
services
that
of
cargoes,
has
addition
ability employed
governing
outward,
largely, capital
manifest
For
Further,
the
which
imports
for.*
remitted
of
the
the
and
;
this
further
of
profit
no
profit.
and
;
export,
ship's
be
of
not
port
homeward
valuables
(which
in
the
a
profit bearing
appear
such
ways
the
made
value
did
they
course,
is
stated
the
at
carriage
effect, by
imports.
for
all
both
freight
earn
place
of
often, also, of
very
we
value
have
as
even
If
profit
cover
usually
we
And
that
ported.
im-
we
shipped,
cargo
would,
trade.
return
addition,
fully exhibited.
more
the
this
shipment.
not
destination,
in
the
of
of
port
with
of
previously
produce,
even
deal
good
a
manner,
colonial
and
foreign
like
in
at
an
the
least
total
follows
official
estimate
Mortgages,
at
forty
in
of
the
Railways,
2,000
millions.
millions
The
POSITION.
OUR
48
English
for
annual
large
goods
The
1856)
;^ 1
of
excess
period
there
cent.
and
was
an
about
forty-nine
value
of
bales, and
increasing,
of
like
a
be
can
nature.
tend
course
to
It
It
be
cannot
not
British
fair
of
matter
in
our
flag
has
only
and
investments,
various
permanent
abroad,
fixed
to
a
us
wide-spread
into
In
various
other
forms
British
to
in
give,
to
capital,
larger proportion
commerce
our
has
abroad
of
our
and
the
and
or
more
that
;
and
and
vast
fixed
less
incidentally
been
by
words,
a
of
our
the
of
promotion
of
the
continually increasing
are
on
that,
floating, agricultural
property
existence
abroad.
continues
sources
which
character,
only
traced
wherever
but
advances,
and
manufacturing,
giving
safety
ordinary
knowledge
and
creased
in-
to
income
common
given,
the
be
national
causes
down
in
can
Colonies,
of
assurance
It
same
invariably
only by
set
for these
of
sources
is
and
the
boxes,
the
in
for
diminish.
to
additional
outward
accounted
of
with
bulk,
in
per
excess
an
constant,
profits of trade,
earlier
compared
as
was
twenty-four
cargoes
being
excess
it
the
at
(in
ago
1896
period
shipped
cases,
in
of
cent.,
per
years
words,
later
recorded
This
year.
forty
excess
the
at
the
the
of
excess
and
other
In
45, 399,000.
;
Imports
;^33,324,ooo;
was
in
always
outwards.
ship
we
afloat
credits
thus
have
We
account.
called
commerce.
property,
beyond
the
invested
sea,
in
is
in-
with
creasing
need
hardly
and
have
Britain
is
to
progress
we
ourselves
liable
the
of
of
capture
be
war,
the
quarrel
One
ficance
sidering.
commercial
worth
the
for
and
more
we
we
have
we
of the
well
may
least, but
not
this
find
most,
let
process,
at
can
the
world.
century
in
sea,
time
hardly
fail
may
choose
of all who
the
to
as
figures
year
on
is
figures
being
ultimately represent
have
we
mark
to
everything,
is
of
to
particular signi-
Value
and
"
The
are
half
they
us.
Justly
the
We
that
what
of
under
prey
action
consider.
year,
with
States
entering
are
private property
common
word
of
And,
continued,
the
habitable
part
States,
invasion.
to
have,
existence.
making
of the
of
skirts
another
now
And
We
we
the
small
for
sea-way
large proportion
a
with
are
one
become
to
and
;
is,
owners.
one
our
of
a
the
obvious.
widened
but
It
property
of
its
national
islands
now
defend
and
But
our
less,
rapidity.
such
safety
is
to
so
or
and
the
it
of
phase
coasts
all
invasion.
to
more
and
ourselves
already
cover,
49
especially dependent
on
deemed
new
that
be,
points
liable
a
said
between
this
hitherto,
on
steadiness
value
lies
least
like
be
its continued
what
POSITION.
always
must
which
OUR
world,
not
all
the
of
while
the
on
the
;
been
the
that
or
process
but
sustenance,
our
money's
we
hour,
con-
of
effect
the
the
carried
in
just
what
have
to
of
the
of
change
ex-
these
improve-
'^*
OUR
so
and
ment,
of
mankind
this
in
And,
nation.
significant every
afloat, in
of
the
it did
commerce
Our
same
We
Colonies.
and
also
have
in
into
of
progress
more
mean,
the
of
the
of
exhibited
here
trade
the
to
that
remember
to
exchange,
part
the
always
must
more
going
goods
for
1856;
sterling
one-third
least
of
more
money.
proportion
as
in
means,
the
for
at
a
as
become
million
Every
description
same
they
the
at
prosperity,
sense,
meant
practical
lies
really
our
year.
1896,
than
use,
and
power,
their
"
what
is
"
our
life
of
adornment
utility to
root
POSITION.
trade
of the
benefit
to
proper
a
large
is
cated,
dupli-
Empire,
Colonial
our
possessions.
Though
both
sides, much
from
only
not
and
of
commercial
the
political and
parts
solicitude
at
of
an
gravely,
Some
indeed,
.i
its
us,
we
ship,
kin-
community
share
regard
capture
gladly
also
must
of
to
incidental
must
we
Recognising
around
but,
Colonies
The
the
of
sea.
Empire
financial
and
on
profitof both,
inevitably
;
which
with
the
preference
feeling.
of ourselves
renewal
property
natural
of
of
perfectly free
considerations
advantages
interest, and
outlying
the
is
to
enures
the
identity
to
of it
by
extent,
some
of this trade
most
any
are
all
spective
pro-
of
private
the
growth
recognise,
responsibilities.
of
even
in respect
our
of
time,
distant
now
Colonies
nearer
to
are,
Britain
POSITION.
CUR
than
the
were
Scotland
London
to
mainly
capital
whereto
the
danger
such
of the
old
the
distances
time
would
place
than
of
extension
this
of
share
interests, thus
OCX)
trade
with
j^200,ooo,ooo
said
of
the
have
carried
on
"
do
common
use,
Here,
continuance
we
invasion
at
are,
than
of
in
any
annual
value
and
exports
under
quite within
the
limits
carrying
but
where
it
we
are
it is obvious
method
we
on,
we
may
of which
Canal,
fact, becoming
other
tion
popula-
may
Suez
old
about
them
the
the
we
with
trade
again,
if
of
foreign territory,unless
so
form.
probably
now
for, in
:
touch
strength.
a
our
Empire
to
not
tructive
des-
ours,
total
a
taking
us,
and
;
be
to
nowhere
said
is
together,
of
The
360,000,000.
larger
the
area
and
;
year
a
its old
in
an
even
Colonial
our
within
and
now
miles
or
every
of
and
of
much
places
warfare
have
square
their
be
And
commerce
sea,
resumed,
if
great,
own.
naval
of
exceeding
be
our
India,
imports
our
fourth
a
and
as
pass
sailing ships,
of
outlying possessions
include
of
in
beyond
scope
8, 860,
even
warfare,
Imperial,
our
These
days
naval
property
danger
greater
the
is
view
now
we
or
voyage,
in
communications,
our
Colonial
this
in
of
have
third,
a
What
longer
now
and
ago.
Though
in
required
method
the
we
especially applicable.
over
century
is
us
Ireland
of
cities
a
separates
SI
of
more
all
in
present
that
naval
with
fare,
war-
liable
to
State.
E
2
OUR
52
Our
So
Shipping.
Hiuch
commerce,
but
pre-eminent
The
imports,
sea
have
we
hence
;
our
large
a
is
wealth
at
that
to
relation
to
our
and
exports
own
business
other
as
The
greatly
carriers
as
much
is
;
question,
our
shipping
with
system
shipowners.
it adds
our
purpose,
present
as
from
our
comparatively
to
significant
Apart
of
present
the
indicate
to
more
there.
power
said
a
the
the
latter, while
has
wealth,
of
position
be
may
sea.
under
directly
more
value
and
extent
settlement
a
former
the
exposed
perhaps
our
by
for
as
regards
POSITION.
larger,
than
nations,
is
our
commerce.
The
end
of
1895,
Register,"
sail
gave
Under
tons.
share
whole
millions
different
sail
steam
with
thus:
tons
23,475,000
under
and
;
tons,
British
flag (Home
thirteen
The
tons.
that
So
of
out
our
twenty-
remainder,
divided
was
Steam
tons.
3,004,000.
was
of
or
eleven
under
flags.
the
Dismissing
minor
the
13,342,000
was
and
10,233,000
of
the
at
"Lloyd's
in
appears
5,897,000
under
10,238,000;
three
afloat
tons.
Colonial)
the
nations
aggregate
1
tonnage
of
it
as
an
steam
7,577,000
The
and
far
so
all
of
shipping
shipping
and
consequence,
tonnage
reference
of
to
the
their
under
dividing
world
several
into
sail
the
five
flags, it
as
of
entire
groups,
stands
OUR
The
United
POSITION.
Kingdom,
53
'^^^^
her
and
Colonies
10,238,000
France,
Spain
Germany
and
Russia,
and
Italy
and
of
on
to
be
that
The
a
to
deal
of
we
about
be
the
of
and
countries,
For
the
inwards
suffice
in
instance,
Kingdom,
British
amounted
to
*
refer
(Blue
Book
to
to
the
the
to
us
go
afford
the
us
the
In
stract
Ab-
of
tonnage
from
foreign),
from
the
ports
to
the
latest
complete
for
1
for
1893
ports
of
steamers
in
27,000,000
the
so.
larger.
according
only
being
Statistical
native
are
thirds
point.
of
they
liable
two-
enable
clearing
instances,
some
thence
accounts
account
an
Generally,
but, in
carrying
much
not
be
might
from
this
on
entering
returns.
and
latest
annually
several
it
now
is far
do
(distinguishing
the
10,238,000
sight,
very
shipping
of
hold
we
this
tons
15,900,000
risk, only about
light
have
920,000
-
world,
number
twenty-second
y*
-
records
detail, but
good
the
But
official
1,456,000
-
tonnage
would
proportion
into
-
-
steam
war
British.
be
1,577,000
first
at
of
exposed
The
far
the
of
commerce
would
-
afloat,
this,
From
the
-
mark
Den-
of
total
a
shipping
inferred
.
of America
that, of
tons.
1,701,000
Holland
States
steam
-
Sweden,
.
So
-
Austria
Norway,
United
-
inward
(C. 8,045), i^9^i Account
the
United
entering
It
tons.
entries
No,
;
1892.
o^*
1894
894
8.)
will
only,
54
as
nearly
they
this
Taking
the
to
British
about
the
as
of
In
addition
amounting
have
we
of
same
on
bottoms
ports.
If
count
to
and
;
we
for
1894,
the
tum
of
ports
therefore,
doing,
In
tons
fifths
of the
Then,
find
native
the
(British
entries
for
foreign
and
or
other)
than
more
a
two-
to
the
similar
account.
there,
steamships
and
tons,
1,239,000
that
the
foreign
of
extent
foreign
nearly
ment
elefour-
whole.
the
of all
ports
corresponding
or
ac-
cargoes,
tons;
show
showing
;
taking
steamers
inward
with
of
entries
present
was
the
foreign (British
Italy
Italian
to,
4,653,000
that
apparently,
of
the
amounted
bottoms.
work.
ports
1894,
the
;
British
in
was
corresponding
3,706,000
tons
The
the
steamers,
French
of the
find
we
8,869,000
thirds
to
about
four-fifths
foreign
in
may
be
to
nearly
year,
remainder
France,
was,
that
we
ships
that
our
ality
nation-
distinct
Whence
of the
in
entered
also
their
average,
now
French
of
size
trade,
inward
our
shipping
an
to
year
steamships
foreign
statement.
the
that
in
tons
bqt
;
no
infer, assuming
the
this,
7,294,000
year
aggregate),
tons.
to
to
(amounting
the
ports
our
that
seem
year
in
tons
27,000,000
that
in
in that
of
entering
as
extent
ports
afloat
millions
ten
it would
guide,
our
outward.
those
with
correspond
vessels
appeared
Our
POSITION.
OUR
.
4,616,000
figures
tons
other) 6,336,000
;
tons
Germany,
for
and
;
1894,
of
we
of
foreign
giving
the
OUR
56
tell the
tale
same
these
greater
part
of
the
which
have
we
Whence
is
almost
of
risk
made
long
world
of
wherever
from
supplied
most
likely
to
this
is
we
it
to
the
to
happens
native
have
been
not
without
alone,
have
supply
such
the
of
rest
deficient,
be
to
the
sources,
if
mainly
business
our
to
which
guessed,
and
accommodation
and
;
be
We,
Powers
comes
ports,
may
error.
it part
shipping
is
these
exclusively,
much
as
in
the
far
by
ourselves.
element
foreign
conspicuous
so
tonnage
all the
of
address
to
the
steam
figures, doing
trade
now
"
Foreign
**
:
to
according
IS,
POSITION.
deficiency
under
supplied
our
flag.
But
being,
moment,
break
war
be
will
It
made
as
small,
or
Each
ship
for
her
her
the
the
we
are
ship
the
better
voyage
being
the
in
it
the
worth
more
of
the
is
or
her
without
likely
a
;
or
outside,
exposure,
capturing
long.
appearance,
And
the
larger
and
the
capture
or
account
appears,
of her
is
large
aggregate
she
frequency
considering.
that
the
short
But
size.
the
distinction
taken
whenever
the
no
being
entered
tonnage,
to
that
ships employed
voyages
is
most
to
to.
observed
be
risk
a
only partially answered
referred
to
reference
to
is
found?"
accounts
would
afloat,
this
at
flag, should
involving
"
the
question,
what
Under
shipping
property
by
**
The
to-morrow,
out
merchant
all.
not
longer
for
"
the
the
OUR
is the
longer
which
we
she
is
exposed
see
the
have
to
observe
more
It is
that
British
coasting
is
That
It
follows
that
accounts
in
hundred
or
port
a
once
times
vessels
a
in
smaller
war-time,
much
see
In
probably
be
her
on
found,
board
vessels
could
the
so
we
larger
with
be
employed
take
in
capture
to
and
to
and
;
never,
while
liable
it
stantially,
sub-
port
same
out,
a
both
But
occupied,
;
an
entering
exposed
time
the
while
probably
ship
short
year,
;
less.
the
would
fact, British
be
of
the
tons,
record
probably
value
more
in
or
should.
entering
tons
thousand
trade
half
(British
they
and
record,
enemy's
an
than
more
the
these
doing
continuously
vessel
would
vessel
for
be
might
it
which
on
thousand
a
Whence
than
work,
would
year,
their
steamer
would
of
steamer,
especially in,
less
native
five
for
do
foreigners
much
coasting
of
foreign
the
voyage
best
entries
port
week,
aggregate
the
for
ton
voyages,
four
the
ment.
employ-
short
their
appear.
we
trade.
countries
receive
in
long
on
foreign
or
in, and
based,
are
other) figure
A
is
siderable
con-
coasting
generally
can
trade, that
voyage
of
trade
usually,
they
themselves.
long
it
of every
employed
the
seek
steamers
Nor
trade.
and
distinction
distinctly divided
it is
voyages,
in the
not
over
space,
this
trade
less
as
:
the
of
the
or
"
short
wider
attack.
to
that
classes
voyages,
57
importance
is
port
three
the
and
time,
To
into
POSITION.
the
very
taken.
would
account.
POSITION.
OUR
^8
on
day,
given
any
the
of
eighths
the
open
the
world,
constitute
to
entire
and
sea,
of
mass
liable
the
were
to
least
at
in
afloat
shipping
throughout
capture
old
seven-
system
that
on
day
revived.
Our
in
far
so
will
to
and
;
of the
do
is
much
to
be
would
that
say
make
to
now
war
wherever
upon
like
carriers*
is
the
old
fashion,
the
which
too
referred
plundering
vans
hardly
powers
in
us,
and
profit
it is
of the
any
hired
cheapest
Hence
for
States
are
we
The
and
;
something
and
trucks
ours
world,
of other
dOj also, all
of others.
voyages,
the
of
part
restrictions
demand.
it is in
short
and
every
we
trade
service
sought,
in
fiscal
the
as
permit
best
to
ourselves
for
do
we
long
trade,
own
railway
them
serve
ashore.
Of
of
the
whatever
as
I
own,
our
each
flag
latter
is, in each
for
and
;
armed
an
in
need
others
own
will
have
in
should
to
the
extent
case,
the
measure
We
are
like
answer
exceed
regard
will
Navy
event,
any
its
purpose,
in
of
over
a
even
strength
of
the
sensible
to
under
value
the
need
that
of
that
doubt
no
it.
have
.
sources
marine,
have
as
strength,
same
and
and
case,
own
the
from
mercantile
Navy.
our
Our
and
the
provided
countries,
Their
nothing.
say
it is, is derived
have
these
of
Navies
armed
legitimate
very
large
in time
that
of
ployment,
emarea
;
of peace,
any
likely
POSITION,
OUR
combination
local
great
to
rest
of
for
it has
the
in
has
nearly
Steamers,
and
all
the
all the
much
as
rise
given
Mail
of
which
Telegraphs,
Ocean
the
at
mainly,
lines
great
others
of
service
the
by it;
and
to,
is
but
;
benefitted
largely
hands
our
supports,
albout
of weakness
source
world
abroad
interests
our
The
States.
Maritime
of
extension
relatively, a
us,
are
other
of the
59
as
of ourselves.
The
interest
common
elusive
the
possession
is
it
holding
at
that
the
the
point
range
and
extent
vast
Britain
or
of
been
arrived
commercial
at
of
prices,
largest
share
bound
to
have
of
our
other
of
to
only
and
also
its substantial
again,
us.
has
The
exchanges,
choice
of
markets,
effecting
of
remittances,
equalising
which,
interest
states!'^
of
interests
by
of
the
The
world's
the
but
quite
as
not
which,
system
view.
us,
particular
"
property
in
keep
;
as
we,
the
of
nation,
is
area
which
subject,
purpose
There,
inevitable!
is
opened
the
financial
and
and
we
Ex-;
of defence.
limit.
interest
a
that, arid
to
particular
any
mainly through
sales, purchases,
of
of
from
any
unity
such
no
importance
apart
commerce,
limit
interest
especially
this
is
common
far
are
At
local
a
is
State
a
territory.
same
common
a
by
risk,
within
puts
there
sea
open
impossible,
and
the
in
justifiesthe antagonism
and
exclusive
union
social
in
possession
suggests
In
of
bond
6o
POSITION,
OUR
ourselves
availing
the
during
use
built
of
facilities
the
last
fiftyyears,
up,
not
but, incidentally, for the
and
deal
the
intricacy
with, strikingly
involved
of
in the
their
them.
defend
how
regarded)
to
their
comparative
the
war,
disputes.
A
the
the
obviously
be
of
in
only
and
world
try
be,
and
all
with
of their
solution
they
need
connected
settlement
sought
when
as
the
its
particular
problem
due
to
(broadly
rights
the
our
right
is
far
as
of
rest
thus
also
our
now
their
strength,
fit
and
nations,
assert
and
extent
and
us;
question
inextricably
into
commerce,
before
for
act
we
interests
production,
may
dragging
interests
the
maritime
go
without
indicates
the
profit
own
of all
the
cessfully
suc-
now
our
benefit
For
next
for
world-wide
the
question
in
prominence
have
we
only
into
brought
can
consideration
of all it involves.
We
The
only
slowly
and
grown,
finely contrived,
now
leaders.
r
pt
processes
by
which
the
other
several
harvests
and
brought
into
through
a
has
efforts
and
local
and
at
the
Providence
other
have
doubt
no
done
been
direction.
of
joint
has
advantages,
given
the
or
to
are
their
in
organised
us,
thus
are
part
expense
chiefly by
material
these
values,
been
their
by which,
and
taken
i
surplus,
and
life,
market,
common
all who
to
of
r
the
producing
enjoyments
a
production,
has
all nations,
just equipoise
distributed
it
in
of
exchange
of
aptitudes
necessaries
joint
and
assessment
11
by
the
of all.
But
under
our
us,
through
leading place
in
POSITION.
OUR
the
work.
but
cannot
us
its
to
labour
But
we
the
fruits
of
it has
contributed
all
in
due
as
motive,
employ
are
in
desires
without
buying
and
to
a
;
and,
it
best
share
entitled
all
its
these
to
fact,
that
the
extent
produce,
and
for
his
wish
to
but
whoever
therefore,
most
it
by
may
those
who
cheaply.
our
his
own.
one
needs
must
means.
desires
more
consumer
We
money.
be
cerned
con-
with
every
have
sea-
getting
get
same
us
among
the
much
and
end;
same
are
consumers,
as
we
as
We
regards
as
selling,of carriage,
and
hands.
who
capacities,
goods
of
The
our
competitors
seeing
exception,
and
the
profit,and
into
also
in
our
producer
more
of
production.
are
are,
great
his
of
most
nations.
is
especially
the
to
distribution,
well
we
diverse
in
for
money
do
of
we
Every
of
each
work
We
their
employed,
carriage
main,
commercially
many
nation
to
but
;
now
activity, in proportion
ourselves,
we
among
the
most
several
necessity,
common
our
producers
and
of
each
and
advantages,
is
supply
operations
the
only
one
are
We
resulting property,
fallen,
has
power
the
in
in
and,
skill, and
the
of
part of
greater
distinct
a
of what
most
it.
between
intermediary
of
control
required
right, and
conduct,
we
capital, most
attained,
protection.
main
also
have
certain
a
thus
position,
very
direction
for
the
In
the
give
done
be
we
our
in the
mastery,
to
And
6
the
work
of storage,
done
can
In
all,
by,
and
all
of
and
done
will
these
1
O
62
there
functions
service
which
in
the
what
they
their
for
in
goods
transit
all
to
desire
freedom
wilful
damage,
whose
in
matter
no
and
each
from
of
efficiency
to
all
do
to,
especially
hands
they
be.
may
And
have,
All
entitled
are
and
gives
and
contribute,
And
freedom
exchange
depredation,
or
it is
all
of
liability
to
practice
of
in
the
will
countries
it receive.
as
of
process
all
of
competition
several
which
to
earn
proportion
free
the
of
pay
all who
much
as
laws
the
for
permit^
is
the
as
POSITION,
UR
time
of
this
that
view
regard
to
of
private property
at
a
we
present
our
resumption
by
capturing
of
point
mainly
us,
injury,
the
sea,
war.
Under
alike
from
the
long
which
peace
has
prevailed
interested.
"
m
.
there
is
better
now
the
can
now
in
be
few,
the
destruction
their
way
and
of
the
number
several
fruits
the
benefits
are
of
or
to
great
accrue
also
those
;
not
than,
have
would
and
not
fruitless
merchantmen
destroyed
of the
of
and
on
their
world.
commercial
from
'
there
and
would
who
wilful
of
markets
this
he
any,
the
for
intercepted
The
undisturbed,
are
is
respect,
generation
if there
any
cargoes,
to
station,
the
world,
who
earth
material
and
worse,
the
i
i
possible
commercial
of
previous
any
but
be
the
every
place
m
made
alone,
of
off, in
same
been
has,
inhabitant
no
"
"
condition
present
in
and
time,
our
i
"
system,
maintaining
every
class,
it
as
POSITION.
OUR
64
invention
fruitful
and
efficient
applied,. and
but
two,
all the
by
facilities
of
use
and
production
discovered,
or
right
several
advantages,
the
under
formed
force
the
even
is
watched
part
is
price,
it is
at
consequence
observed
Every
like
of
process
interest, with
place
or
be
and
nation,
by
earned
intermediaries
where
produce,
it will
Capital
interchange,
sustain
demand
good
in
for
soon
the
best
is, everywhere,
held
its
at
as
in
readiness
exactly
products,
the
final
in
and
market.
is
daily
is
intent,
various
fetch
labour,
price
the
Every
whether
it be
concern.
of
irrespective
of
of
and
the
profit
innumerable
bringing
it is
as
done
subject
a
regardful only
engaged
of
to
like
a
where
whatever
manufacture
now
remunerative
a
and
common
is
sent.
becomes,
once
of
not,
or
be
to
and
world
crop
account,
find
;
sources
Every
the
into
may
observed
being
of
ing
add-
All,
separate
affected.
expected
it
have
action.
most
taken
which
hands,
continually
are
part
any
and
of
in
market,
to
in
other's
combined
directly
are
and
profit, they
which
their
cerned.
con-
powers
each
mutual
distant, and
grown
being
any
of
to
most
commerce
that
in
stimulus
of
groups
other's
into
working
inter-relations
new
of
and
one
merchants,
and
each
by
not
national
agriculturists,manufacturers
Recognising
of;
been
have
labour,
availed
which
by
each
scription
de-
available,
price.
along
to
the
pay,
lines
feed, and
proportion
the
of
prospect
to
the
of
a
POSITION.
OUR
It
of
the
that
true
IS
interests
these
But
of
action
the
all
to
quiet,
constant,
but
about
and
in
dust
as
the
combined
bringing
intelligent effort, usually,
viduals.
indi-
of
the
in
are,
and
only
signs
result, by
general
occasionally,
classes
common
and
;
of
are
obstacles
human
much,
hear
we
competing
temporary
65
the
scale.
It
is
complain
the
and
;
majority,
they
by
and
with
exception,
each
with
the
industrial
so
to
impede
carried
would
is
of
dent
depenand
vast
a
under
of
effective
to
By
a
destroy
thus
particular
injuring
should
as
enemy,
anywhere
commerce
with
inconsistent
whole
the
which
therefore,
against
on
exchange
guidance
War,
clearly
purpose.
efficiently for
telegraph, brings constantly
or
be
without
now,
world.
be
possible
as
whole
the
of
which
but
silent
which
centre
men,
operation
mechanism
complicated
through
And
efficient
by
less
or
directed
every
far
vast
fields,
general
as
more
other.
the
upon
and
filled
all, are
working
offices
and
each
a
The
hourly,
even
keeps
co-operating
its
and
rest,
work.
at
who
uneasy
The
few.
are
factories
the
daily,
exertion,
and
are
intelligence, local
an
reaches
who
silent, and
are
workshops,
now
those
only
it
one
alleged
its
injure
must
all.
The
sent
to
ships
to
as
they
sea,
be
attacked
being
longer
no
**
once
were,
as
mere
adven-
ships
for^
common
tures"
but
as
serving
daily
more
closely
and
P"rposes
have
66
the
exactly
OUR
POSITION.
several
definite
combination
of
labour
regarded.
Each
itself, iii build
to
do, and
like
and
destination,
every
efficient.
fit time,
is
to
the
Commerce
more
bears
Constantly
its value
of
place
these
injure
out
South
to
nearing
probably
find
for
corn,
available
there
intimately
due
and
anticipation
time
of
of
and
of
any
and
market,
British
in
or
only
a
in
on
duly condemned,
and
bearing
England
taken
Continent
and
in
view
offered
a
would
of
their
of
of
"
captive
of
a
captured
cargoes
"
the
had
hands
the
and
from
Channel
the
dozen
went
bullion
cargoes
at
be
instance
port
they
market
no
time
Islands
bearing
readily marketable
most
good.
Western
every
home,
Let
captors.
the
all.
in
price
now,
no
working
Elizabeth*s
Spain,
to
suited
good
a
It
transactions,
Galleons
America
cargo
at
lost.
common
some
of
about
the
for
waited
and
that,
be
disturbance
to
and
;
burden,
elements
or
seamen
cruise
to
cargo
many.
the
When
sailing, its
great
the
many
fatal
be
may
must
or
of
in
it has
from
everywhere,
on
thus
precise
a
is the
neglect
and
;
its
must
of
part
dependent
consideration
and
of
Diverted
of
thus,
work
fit
a
vast
fitness
a
the
fitness
^
profitaWy.
for
of
purpose
is
has
nature
vessel
whose
Profit
not
this
removal
machine
the
much
how,
be
in its time
fit market.
a
capital, must
now
fitness
in
Each
this
capacity,
makes
year
matter
vessel
and
a
and
of
uses
those
cotton
into
Europe,
for
sale.
any
and
If
POSITION.
OUR
sold
all, they
at
addition
to
for
in
the
day, hardly
All
supply.
in
of
well
of
understood
all
each
article, in
it is
A
of
place
eliminate
have
but
the
never
for the
fetch
now
Then
like
which
the
be
owned
they
sold
the
and
;
of
the
indeed
of
marketable
and
very
men
every
one
":ontinuallytowards
a
nicer
is
and
they
to
can
to
cannot
supply
a
price. Deluge
British-
with
earn
whose
aid
of
thing they
is
would
for
less,
or
which
interested
problem
out
Cargoes
worse
as
commodity
whole
always
last
the
instance,
you
is
is, more
next
for
Rouen,
;
article
an
time
for themselves,
market
of
it is
the
fit market.
all calculations
of
The
in
a
of
putting
direction
war
; and
dealers
coming
at
will fetch
large
the
in
now
purpose
chance.
of
in
only
money
wheat,
curses
a
money
upsets
market
and
captured
by
is the
readily
been
the
the
every
operation
every
managed
in
existence
prior
supply
effort
and
directly
quality, precisely
and
chance
for the
;
is
is
and
wanted,
most
vise
impro-
attained
times,
quantity
wanted.
most
all
is,
"placing"
short,
In
commonly
at
commerce,
where
as
and
mand
de-
a
to
the
the
demand.
adequate
an
than
in
upon
and
commodities
quantity,
invariably dependent
an
on,
anywhere
easier
success
commodity,
any
counted
such
of
only
best,
at
improvise
quantity
any
present
a
of
To
be,
already
supply
a
for.
provided
would
67
only
need,
you
in that
miles
grain
round.
moves
commerce
adjustment
the
of
supply
F
2
OUR
68
demand
to
and
;
through
POSITION.
profit
to
disturbance
arbitrary
an
for
hope
to
outsider
an
of
tions,
condi-
its
is absurd.
Follow
Commerce
es
roying.
^^^
those
who
enemies
large.
In
the
over
place,
its loss
and
most
in
and
most
secure
abounds.
for
the
capitalists of
their
by
and
of
a
article
any
rise
would
bread
and
be
of
wheat
will
nationality
if it tells
America.
at
;
and
all, on
If
not
for
loss
every
Even
of
a
year
of
British
a
market
destroyed,
good
to
goes
without
it
wheat,
nation.
one
in
it will
the
of
If
for
be
would
much
so
"
the
of
destruction
the
market
a
dearer
one
for
most
pay
ment
invest-
centres
remained.
be
any
of
to
as
not
it
insurance.
price
slightly
would
these
world's
who
destroyed
of
use
distinguished
are
effect
of
and
;
accordingly.
marine
its way
on
corresponding
commodity
in
it
Foreign)
this
financial
Switzerland
ultimate
only
there
favourite
a
is distributed
activity
The
the
rance
Insu-
abundant
for
is
sea
this
of
most
needed
all
kind
man-
distributed
once,
because
it is also
in
capital
world;
at
Most
and
But
the
to
goes
England,
skill
also, the
most
thus,
of
capital (British and
needed,
there
there,
is
area.
effected
is
whatever
effective
but
particular foe,
any
first
the
as
issue*
its
to
process
it appear
to
considerable
a
is
of
at
;
destructive
resort
not
insured
is
the
many,
The
those
regard
cargo
Europe
tell
on
to
tells,
and
price.
POSITION.
OUR
somewhere,
sold
be
not
as
69
If
supply.
a
tell
will
and
anywhere;
destroyed,
as
it
will
a
loss
everywhere.
and
and
So
with
the
rest
rises
piece goods
the
market,
have
its
there,
for
to
out
the
world
and
for,
makes
be
if
the
article
the
his
importers
it is
not
palpably
will
at
suffer
be
eyes
Large
of
article
all times
in
effected
by
all
market,
by
a
rise
he
when
open
of
heavily,
most
will
it
get
market
to
suffer
efforts
any
be
way
the
margin
general
its
on
fifteen
to
new
purpose
the
or
fell.
is, in fact,
best
the
to
hostilitydisplayed,
the
a
probably
not
entirely forgotten
that
price
paid.
Then
mere
article
prevent
probably
shipper
bargain,
a
To
if the
will
the
such
the
ten
price
England
and
;
customers
price;
not
raise
to
double
that
of
them.
to
it from
destroying
the
far,
by
to
once
enhanced
reaching
exclude
at
have
seldom
sale
large,
at
general,
that
England,
holder
the
before
profit held
in
be
foreign
holders
every
thus
observed
it be
would
of every
reaching
a
and,
;
yarns
goods,
cotton
becomes
It
article
any
cent.,
per
it.
let
of
of
do
so
effect
cargoes
purpose.
Then
price
the
few
a
And
price.
and
;
infliction
particular
misses
in
wearers
bear
to
Burn
cotton.
our
destruction
resistance
not
be
in
the
of property,
of
armed
and
transfer
not
in
but
in
the
overcoming
organised
bodies
of
Forbidden
"^Maritime
^*^'"
but
men,
in
of
the
market
peaceful
the
to
regarded,
the
already
existing
which
denounces
belligerent,
any
"is
**he
the
feel
in
fitly
may
be
of
one
And
proportion
sea.
submitted
is
to
advantage
them;"
such
and,
as
punishment
deem
fit,
to
competent
then,
and
inflict
interest
by
in
increasing
other
every
the
be
only
can
and
increased
shared
its
which
law.
that
greatly
it
of
part
of
the
shall
power
it
of
the
on
to
if
Law,"
effect
position,
of
is,
Maritime
**
from
and
present
deemed
the
derive
and
of,
world
with
upon
Our
of
destructive
called
Summary.
in
the
sea
vindication
peril.
proceedings
comparison
dominant
itself
the
to
infringement
an
all
himself
can
such,
all
of
out
"
of
taking
service
the
lowing
fol-
and
of
all
clearly
rule
injuring
unarmed,
the
of
purchasers
strictly
and
occupation
for
be
as
resistance,
commodities
open
punish-
molesting
capturing,
incapable
men
and
POSITION,
OUR
70
commerce
state,
THE
72
No
though
do
to
can
one
seems
by
those
who
into
come
formal
and
effect
to,
maritime
been
made
In
the
Council
in
imparting
different
Continental
in
capture,
in
repeated,
and
other
been
the
been
given
attached
be
British
to
and
a
board
on
cargoes
this
the
by
by
neutrality
us,
of
fully
was
of
Declaration
either
belligerent,
on
an
board
on
cargoes
liability,in
the
from
exempted
prior document,
insisted
case,
lay
as
to
anything
the
had
it
ascertain
alleged
neutral.
admitted.
officer
in
as
the
right
never
it is
the
of
the
This
taken
by
ever,
effect, how-
a
apparently
words,
in
right
himself
be
in
enemy's
and
;
to
maritime
to
had
which
have
Council
behind
But
referred
for
wider
likely to
future, neutral
ships
always
British
of
1854.
to
used
in
eneiiiy^s ships,
as
this
seems
Order
Paris.
wider
sense.
Our
neutral
it
when
terms
same
March,
meaning
a
independently,
of
to
attention
no
the
and
As
gave
against neutrals,
as
previously,
Order
oiy-
"
rights
and
waiver
'*
what
to
after.
comes
prior
changes
regard
due
mainly followed,
certain
a
Such
it.
what
to
this
act,
framed
;
intended
been
have
with
alone
operate
can
to
only
use
before,
kind
this
this
so
goes
to
of
act
OUTLOOK.
They
of
the
fact
of
charge
to
subject
the
to
continental
our
say
ship
the
in
of
word
question
neutrality.
Right
have
powers
Search.
We
of
is
say
the
to
be
that
OUTLOOK.
THE
It
be
may
unsettled
only
was
but
;
to
create
old
the
In
capturable,
found
in
The
flag freed,
it carried.
of
evidence
given,
of
did
or
taken.
Under
evidence
leave
increased
extent,
difference
of
parties
the
a
far
so
which
;
of
that
'thus
of
and
less
of
the
it is obvious
these
the
be,
may
;
and
is
to
an
In
to
short
less
made
now
of
the
of
the
consequence,
one
to
to
rather
moment,
Right
was
between
wide
private
not
particular
was
flag
calkd
international
theory)
of
all
and
involving,
agreement,
of
flag.
cargo
it
well-known
was
was
important
more
point
others
and
so
suspected
the
rule,
new
public question
important,
more
the
a
new
the
belligerent
satisfy him,
dispute already
settle
to
the
If
practice (or
the
to
embitter
than
a
if it
was
neutrality, .whatever
unsettled,
cargo,
ship
neutrality.
therefore,
becomes,
to
once,
ship
cargo,
the
of
it
as
the
neutral
a
its
not
leave
ship, by verifying
carrying enemy's
for
at
condemned,
if
to
question
settled,
was
or
And
that
the
time,
enemy's
an
left
difficulty.
new
not,
or
point being
intentiohally
was
manifest
it is
this
that
suggested
indirectly involved,
only
73
ownership
settlement
Search
is
of
most
necessary.
It
Search,
be
cannot
as
manifestly
we
ships suspected
carrying
regard
applies
of
contraband
that
supposed
it,
and
has
been
always
breach
of
the
of
war
must
Right
waived.
;
and
It
apply
blockade,
these
of
or
to
of
are
g^s^\^"^
THE
74
expressly
and
We
strictest
to
And,
a
even
181
of
this
in
81 2-14
that
give
to
it
as
power,
of
1793to
was
power
maintained
and
the
by
enforcement
constant
United
If, then,
to
saddled
ourselves
with
made
imperfectly
of
change
of
another
in
changed
as
much
done
of
facts
which
to
of
And
suggested
so
deprived
practical
it.
In
at
find
we
and
the
the
then
was
relevance
order
see
further
much
what
in
hastily
great
a
period,
question
its
we
peace,
of
view
similar
have
made
changes
arrangement
an
in
British
for
long
our
with
war
right (since
the
circumstances.
and
circumstances
of
in
impressment.
the
on
first half
of
be
no
And,
vessels
law
rest
we
obtain
to
went
of
her
our
to
contrary.
defence
search
the
1856, after
rapid
in
States,
to
could
reluctantly,
very
we
about
was
and
the
to
because
1807,
it
Napoleon,
subject
seamen,
that
evidence
up)
in
again
Danish
the
destroyed
we
suspect
to
we,
given
and
to
satisfactory
end
so-called
a
period
that
up
it,
1801,
over
and
War
and
upon
reason
handed
the
of
naval
had
we
right.
Fleet
1
faith
our
the
built
Acting
had
of
assertion
persistent
to
observing
extent
great
a
which
in
its
in
it,
fact, it is impossible
end
without
5,
ation."
"Declar-
the
applied
good
regard
the
at
in
cases
the
in
cursory
stood
all
to
granted
immunity
always
suspect
neutral.
the
continued
have
sense,
reason
from
excepted
"Order"
the
by
OUTLOOK.
to
to
the
release
OUTLOOK.
THE
neutrals
from
practice
entailed
position
that
little
as
left
have
Whatever
old
the
without
we
did
in
has
Paris
given
is
international
by
serious
the
defined
have
to
of
a
power
succeeded,
as
Declaration
what
what
and
which
it
and
;
admits
it
this, in
of
authority,
time
"mari-
which
of
a
also
has
new
a
effect
of
formerly
was
had,
we
discover
to
;
latter
the
by
nor
was
is
an
ment
adjust-
no
creates
nation,
well
was
its
a
very
though
it
use
of
use,
successive
enforced
oped
devel-
decisions
such
as
sprang
by,
acceptance
with
;
well
was
it neither
general
and
the
or
and
established
recognised
custom,
its
dim
a
gradually
upon
expounded
through
but
practice
And,
existence
had
of
rested
authority,
into
it
abundant
It
parties.
but
days
invariable
and
all
itself
"law"
generations.
called
of
common
old
in
common
ago,
revert
shorn
The
practical
foundation
distant
from,
as
predicament.
The
by
of
affair
any
a
practice, of
in
now
strength,
difficult
extremely
time
century
a
we
so
not
us
of
the
law,"
if
all.
not
lieu
in
In
by.
gone
source
us,
and,
could
deprived
valuable
left
present
made
do
must
we
this
But
the
to
Paris,
we
times
are
interpretation,
of
which
all, we
old
the
then.
the
system
which
it been
us
Declaration
the
us
suited
had
evils
the
upon
concession,
would
of
some
75
every
of their
any
had
time
mariPrize
THE
76
Courts,
and
to
The
rules
new
the
of
capture
similar
so
certain
States,
old
all.
of
way
of
instance,
might
now
neither,
the
old
might
definite
are
definition,
applicable
to
different
mari-
States
which
either,
war,
the
the
the
in
combatants
yet
severally
become
may
the
rules
new
or
range
while
thus,
And
and
t7
"-
ror
within
be
they
none.
the
^
cisions,
de-
important.
naval
a
regulations.
rules
have
"
maritime
in
both,
new
awaiting
ti
tical
prac-
judicial
by
acceptance
two
any
engage
or
of
could,
into
brought
especially
is
powers
they
interpretation, we
"
of the
examination,
And
use.
to
imperfectly
whether
"
time
and
cursory
be
(only) partial
Its
*
of
a
doubts
consistent
by
by
on
concerned.
correction
curtly
so
are
applicable
or
circumstances,
any
Declaration
are
no
place, they
now
subversion
serious
suggest
and
to
in
have
sea,
powers
are
sense.
regulate
to
at
first
the
they
as
even
as,
the
all
practice, they
under
assented
In
to
far
expressed
not
1856, purporting
foundation.
Then,
that
in
operating
private property
applicable
not
to
of
"international,"
termed
extent
great
a
law
of
body
a
OUTLOOK.
same
quarrel.
It is clear
only
as
board
neutral
would
between
France
with
on
which
States
those
that
be
Declaration
are
parties
If
themselves.
we
neutral
goods
the
on
equally
could
take
not
ships,
board
bound
nor
French
as
to
binds
only
them
it, and
we
at
were
French
could
ships
regards
war
goods
we
take
and
they
;
us.
Also,
THE
as
against fhem,
how
But
if
?
States
ships,
Are
to
we
to
also
neutral
and
privateering
goods
goods
American
board
on
French
with
France.
partners
in the
Declaration,
tolerate
for
it.
relations
our
Thus
with
Declaration
the
of
shall
combatants
where
only
where
neither
with
the
any
of
it.
them
of them
of
with
or
and
to
but
would
its
shall
be
it is
least
three
where
both
terms
be
(2nd)
;
so
;
(3rd)
and
so.
impossible
to
say,
enemy's
an
neutral
containing
effect
establish
at
(ist)
shall
our
into
carry
would
As
a
responsible
certainty, whether
degree
have
States.
stands
now
first instance,
laden
ship,
that
be, within
of
one
be
United
practice,
varieties
conflicting
In
it
as
uniformity
not
the
it is obvious
shall
we
not
a
American
they probably
would
They
and
neutrals,
As
at
French
take
we
ships,
be
hardly stoop
ships,
quarrel
not
if
ships.
our
shall
can
And
again.
board
on
in
we
in
goods
our
If not,
we
United
privateers
out
take
Yet
disadvantage.
the
goods
?
likewise
do
send
might
privateers.
out
with
war
might
and
neutral
send
at
were
They
us,
77
cannot
we
we
against
serious
OUTLOOK.
is
goods,
.
or
is
evil
liable
not
results
In
the
terms
and
at
just
ground
subject
to
very
a
of
least,
at
or,
it is clear
that
(as
Declaration
the
with
;
to
all the
process.
second,
of
war
capture
that
of
the
to
State
not
complaint
serious
so,
to
a
an
State
within
agreement)
must
either
neutrals,
disadvantages.
give
or
be
THE
7?
And
that
in
United
will
practice
and
As
the
the
but
difficult
to
things
:
a
to
it
;
the
to
previously
as
the
say
least,
the
given
to
it
is
context,
general
the
not
The
meaning.
effect
net
illegal,for
ship,
The
neutral
But
used
established
the
of
capture
s
of
them,
of
is
future, three
the
private property
by
except
war,
The
enemy
been
their
capture
of
3.
of
being
their
to
make
vessels
an
the
"
time
2.
of
expressing
as
warfare,
and
to
or
The
1.
with.
conclusion
application
naval
and
purpose,
forbid,
in
the
gather
to
obvious
borne
of
policy, explicit enough
construction
used,
words
old
the
methods
the
is, throughout,
liberal
A
with
so
deficient.
lamentably
rules
old
the
disputes,
be
to
and
it,
new
a
of
it
practised,
New
of
facts
still
find
indicating
as
known
unintelligible.
have
we
the
one-sided
preamble,
document,
drift
and
;
in
instance,
Spain,
together
and
will
for
as,
and
past,
sharp
to
general
prevail
time
settling them,
place,
States
still
in
deplorable
short
third
the
the
of
OUTLOOK.
the
the
regularly
neutral
sea
missioned
com-
State.
capturing
of
at
goods
on
board
on
board
and
capture
of
enemy
*s
goods
ship.
here
the
meaning.
of
"
capture
due
without
act
**
term
to
seems
reference
to
its
Strictly speaking,
seizing,
or
taking
have
wellit
nifies
sig-
possession;
8o
THE
to
that, (in
suppose
submitted
ships
with
in
put
private
it will
little
goes
what
of
view
to
a
Declaration
all
OUTLOOK.
have
forethought,
at
property
their
effect,
as
sea,
cargoes
find
to
in
near,
very
happen),
may
the
that
making
to
rule, free
a
of
capture.
Cargoes
Test
tfuth
fh^
is that
of all the
conceivable
tests
of
Ownership
of
liabilityto
of
time
the
also
immediately
the
but
any
it is manifest
the
with
still
be
old
that
are
This
reminds
to
have
are
not
been
not
us,
fitted
and
their
for
in
question,
are
remain
of
the
business,
as
to
days.
where
then
seems
diplomatic
work
would
unsettled.
what
that
other
applicable
and
ones,
ones
purpose
and
ticable,
imprac-
in these
new
"
clusive
con-
;
or
them
rules
new
however,
forgotten
the
as
capture
successors
open
took
further
to
being
old
Their
assemblies.
fencing;
the
into
been
the
where
and
practically acquainted
go
their
to
disputes they
they
to
and
;
favouring
way
any
of
strongly
overhauled,
are
have
so
facts
liabilityto
ownership
more
So
to
that
would
and
the
one
persons
forefathers
vessel
all who
to
subject
evidence
Our
of
evidence
in
is
capable
nor
acting
evidence
cation
appli-
act
obvious
in
the
of
The
the
at
of
private, by
very
capture.
rightful flag
capable
regard,
to
upon
of
act
in
interested
deeply
ownership,
circumstances.
disposed
appreciating,
of
least
committed
violence,
neither
the
is
capture,
under
of
that
capture,
of
we
make
ings
meet-
legislative
all
know,
hits,
is
not
THE
cJways
apparent
workable
laws.
located
machinery
for
Courts
a
are
is
books,
worse
their
at
hard
is
the
for
the
The
who
made
clumsily
they
administered,
thick
through
of
this
class
that
property
have
their
and
the
larger
thin.
cases,
have
service
us,
it
if
to
be
however,
paid
assume
fessional
prois
a
in
of
the
are
of
to,
hand.
On
justice
first
hands
it, and
a
will
claim
for.
for
in
always,
their
care
laws
to
adhered
is
have
take
to
as
conveniently
be
in
laws
which
the
be
remains
to
occupation
There
will
the
the
willing
property
and
soon
much
so
upon
administrators
;
in
if
their
must
some
the
longer
the
Let
and
grip
they
longer
they
will
make
cannot
for
The
still harder
and
;
tice
prac-
And
lucrative
a
them
serve
their
litigation,
is
Prize
precedents
in,
so
old
thing.
and
labour
clients,
to
those
who
parties
is
private
up.
view,
Litigation.
be
the
ends.
brought
cases
men.
of
set
in
are
out,
needless
impose
be
and
finger
make
to
to
trouble
forms
fees
with
resumed,
it will
dis-
however,
well-settled
when
them
dealt
be
institution, and
their
and,
apply
to
settled
this
capture
again
working
have
lawyers
law
is
frame
to
from
may,
the
tolerably
a
is to
It
ever
sea
not
arising
apparent.
at
and
;
**
law
"
that, if
property
have
the
of
state
supposed
time
confusion
anywhere
not
the
at
the
How
8i
OUTLOOK.
moment,
the
the
;
8a
Neutrals
favoured.
OUTLOOK.
THE
the
that
Sent
material
no
by
the
the
new
the
lawyers
favourable
be
to
safe
is
cargo
to
carry
are
not
be
to
port
the
seeing
that
with
at
that
and
ships
neutral
any
and
will
neutral
imperil
not
be
probably
a
profit,
other
State,
at
flag
will
and
And,
when
cargoes,
with
in
met
bulk,
probably
any
belligerent
for
the
on,
be
free
a
cargo
will
taking
up,
trade
acquire
so
scope
hampered
thus
a
into
run
ship, great
shall
when
will
carrying
which
articles
belligerent.
neutrals
to
they
of
by
a
any
war.
distinct
value.
money
is
But
merely
now
desirable
as
to
transferring
so
extensive,
for
candidates
capture
it
such,
as
of
means
sea
and
freely
as
given
neutral
The
a
not
are
say,
may
dealt
belligerent ship;
to
excepting
cargo
goods
enemy's
an
but,
be
must
almost
warlike
certain
their
and
is
of
effect.
They
that
:
either
of
and
;
ships.
carry
they
port
sea,
Their
war
belligerent;
of
out
of
blockaded,
is
neutrals.
ship
by
admit
shall
mainly,
their
in
safe
fetch
to
expressed
It is
enemy's
an
contraband
either
for
in
to
of
drift
general
1856,
drift?
general
exclusively,
are
duly
and
in
pre-
handled
carried, substantially, into
somehow
is its
the
conceived
as
assembled
Powers
What
that
and
;
will
Declaration
difficulty,when
policy,
being
the
of
language
of
each
it ?
And
other's
to
so
make
the
and
favour
every
carrying
so
also
cargoes,
neutrals,
naval
war
a
trade
of
the
profitable, to
by rendering
new
the
by belligerents.
THE
OUTLOOK,
difficult, probably
more
destruction
shall
deem
we
it
and,
the
on
accustomed
neutrals,
of
trade
and
the
and
the
And,
'*
got
"
and
is there
to
the
sheer
proved
it into
of
fitted
small
free
perplexity
the
world
to
share
competition?
of
the
brought
into
purpose
capable
of
mately
ulti-
effect ?
ignorance,
Declaration,
greater
less
the
earth
on
means
the
to
those
the
"
trived
con-
the
with
on
by
we,
have
effect, when
power
this
of
it
those
rights
"
who
to
be
to
the
Shall
possess
it, under
its obvious
carrying
Much
is
this
any
it
give
carry
sea-carrying
benefit
to
of
the
of
carrying
to
of
it is ?
who
and
ing
hand-
hands
those
of
by
fitted
so-called
greater
as
;
assuming
law
use,
of
order
work
have
they
hands
with
and
the
some
peding
im-
encouraging
by
taking
built it up,
large, in
do
the
methods
success,
at
risk
of the
out
less
are
it in
to
as
words,
for
hand,
occupation
allay disputes
other
In
one
other,
belligerentsto destroy
whose
the
who
mere
fit occasion
a
on
those
to
?
sea
commerce
over
it on,
at
war
their
making
convenient
more
its
to
83
of
is
clearly
who
those
subject they
traceable
framed
the
undertook
to
handle.
Ships
what
ago.
being
long
they
and
were
Cargoes
usually
been
their
eighty
Kkely
bound
resolving
or
years,
to
for
far
are
cargoes
be
themselves
being
forty years,
even
liable
long
from
to
capture,
have
voyages,
into
three
G
or
2
Modem
^'^oes.
THE
84
four
classes,
OUTLOOK.
and
distinctly,and
are
class, sailing
high
nationalities
letters
all the
they
look
that
for
driving
van
of
into,
of,
nearly
be
amined
ex-
taking.
might
you
postal
of any
London
a
if
which,
worth
contents
out
or
"
could
best
tents
con-
Mails
all those
ownership,
in the
the
include
and
cluding
in-
various
as
"
be
and
Ocean
These
capture,
nationality
to
the
by
detail, would
in
well
almost,
goods
to
open
as
so,
so.
valuable
were
And,
be
to
more
persons
of
steamers
of
by
passing
well-known
and
as
much
as
"
by
intervals,
regular
at
owned
goods
of
carried
cargoes
more
classes.
those
into
exclusively,
(05.)General
falling
year
every
railway
station.
(^.) General,
by
Ocean
they
go
the
change
when
in
and
order,
land.
if
also
very
of
owners
less
worth
all convertible
at
markets
an
in
to
which
It
may
additional
be
things,
at
for
it
any
were
to
This
;
and
early
An
commonly
effected
motive
monly
com-
ownership.
afterwards.
is
they
embarkation
before
respect,
sea,
other
their
of
indeed
this
to
go
amongst
effected
commonly
change,
goods
nationality
is sometimes
on
also
conveyed
being conveyed.
are
Then,
very
the
in
except
money,
and
of
but
;
readily, if
not
;
property
nationality
one
because
capture,
the
speed
less
of
cargoes
character,
less
of
including
than
more
valuable
steamers
commonly
into
less
and
various
assorted,
or
aimed
at,
moment
supplied
;
OUTLOOK.
THE
the
by
the
risks
of
or
buyer,
the
for
or
destination
he
is
foreigner
a
seller,
of
is
by
such
are
worth
be
to
conversion
maritime
into
far
under
to
there
would
be
no
and
risk
existing
not
and
Port
much
such
for
any
would
British
would,
go
than
the
captor
a
then
but
;
be
to
quently,
fre-
more
facilities
;
and
legitimate prize
handle.
all
these
other
respects,
they
all
have
comparatively
The
have
a
end
one
subject
to
and
:
are
elsewhere.
unfitness
in view
the
in
characteristic
common
enactment
new
differing
specific destination,
useless
it has
though
cargoes,
practical
Every
made
trouble,
Others
them,
to
for the
time,
from
have
But
the
far
Court.
money
likely
money,
cargoes
sea,
less
very
Prize
at
also
British
claim
of
nationality
one
A
be
class
with
law.
often
without
This
the
against
substantial
met
of
persons
cargoes
others
of
when
drawn
some
others.
to
would-be
the
is not,
has
fixes
frequently,
and,
;
if he
given
likely,
owned
and
;
and
ownership
more
cargoes
frequently,
most
consignment,
of
such
the
is
commonly
now
as
almost
It
market.
who
owner,
bulk,
in
chosen
also
specific
a
new
frequent.
more
timber,
or
hasten
certainly
single articles,
of
corn,
invariably
it
make
(^.) Cargoes
cotton,
it would
war,
and
process,
85
the
Declaration
is, indeed,
remarkable.
of
must,
contingency
no
doubt,
of
be
partial
86
THE
unfitness
for
regard
to
short,
they
untried
an
have
to
seems
OUTLOOK,
been
such
any
fitting
no
had
their
the
producing
and
gathered
ScaSr
from
the
for
of
At
first
supply
working
of
of
is made
be
its
the
Nor
only
would
too
piracy,
branch
the
for
of
such
to
private
that
naval
the
the
motive
of
supplied
"legal"
an
it
a
instance
crime
"
and
"
it alone.
stop
a
enemy
becomes
letting
put
if
But
probable
its destruction
to
to
seems
The
to
a
warfare.
practice.
property
easy
make
deemed
be
trace
alternative
tion
destruc-
effective,
and
Declaration
any
that
have,
we
**
apparent.
it be
To
be
fact
mere
to
provisions,
the
practice.
the
means
made
difficult
so
almost
with
for
only
capture
no
sight, indeed,
becomes
a
by
motive
cated
indi-
shape
the
feasible
a
shameful,
no
of
way,
any
as
seen
means
document
of
as
attempt
any
heard
"
or
in
is
this
of
commerce
criminal
And
remarkable
influence
apparently
yet
consistent
a
of
terms,
is said.
first time,
the
and
what
less
Hardly
under
in
cannot
quial
collo-
and
had
law.
not,
are
of
(by neutrals)
nobody
effect
as
hint
no
general
considered
effecting, by
to
way
facts,
curt
a
most
which
but
;
;
been
long
desirable
the
in
expression,
than
more
the
time,
in
find,
We
to
the
at
adaptation, nothing
what
law
the
of
slightest
the
liability.
obvious
were
without
made
this
But
purpose.
to
pursue
to
such
class
it
it
ac-
88
OUTLOOK,
THE
that
suggests
they
Principles.
about
were
them
had
what
with
dealing
occurred
dimly
^-j^^preamble
\^
a
the
to
reference
vague
disputes,"
law,"
of
mode
a
to
of
some
expedient.
as
from
such
they
relations
respect,"
order
**in
A
the
into
in
principles
but
search,
this
tiniform
a
the
of
introduce
establish
hopeful
most
"deplorable
to
fixed
to
starting
uncertainty
seeking
**
propose
international
certain
to
from
arising
**
Declaration,
trine."
docacted
not
upon.
They
observe
to
seem
those
specify
in
the
it, or
could
they
distinct,
That
admits
this
to
(3.)
harmony,
how
it
That
regukted
when
usual.
Ever
tinguished
might
be
of
(2.)
That
was
since
foul, the
extremely
"
it had
going
under-
military
about
engaged
fair
its
as
human
slowly,
honourably
most
on,
apparent,
from
those
gestion
sug-
point
in
bring
to
among
effectively carried
Fighting
especially
process,
and
aspect;
;
in
of
form
though
was,
line
no
other
every
still
experience;
directly
so
civilisation
of
and
long been,
like
like
war,
conduct,
or
the
to
or
handling
recent
found
for
traceable
as
subject,
most
have
looked
themselves
were
own
surely
so
(i.)
their
to
even
they
this
they
do
nor
they
applicable,
of
history
which
in
manner
But, had
any.
obviously
most
either
"principles,"
no
anything
in
as
war,
and
most
desirable.
fighting
was
dis^
"principles" suggested
OUTLOOK.
THE
by
these
considerations,
in
and
of
history.
duel
clearly thought
are
far
not
few
wherever
the
from
State,
much
less
of
Substitute
arms,
(05.)
A
**
combatants
duly
mode
their
confined
(^.) The
open
sole
trial
practices,
and
it is
over
the
extent
combatant,
plunder
otherwise
suffering
one,
to,
or
seek
on
The
of
ditions
con-
:
"
(b.) The
;
(^.) Weapons,
;
;
tilities
((i.)Hos-
officiallyengaged
free
whole
be
to
;
fair
a
and
and
underhand
from
range
hear
do
we
the
manner
the
by
of the
subject,
of any
dispute
in
relations
not
force
intent.
victory
those
or
ordinary
for
common
when
unarmed
the
to
favour
permitted
might,
the
in
strength,
wide
Anaic^
judicial
common
more
complete.
no
those
in the
a
to
"
malicious
Nowhere
and
to
down
invariable
and
use,
issue
of
is
designated
of
been
civilised
a
argument
field and
fair
has
has, by
effect,
of
parallel
precise
were
and
it
than
Justice.
force
the
and
are
approximate,
and
of
Court
a
There
tournament
to
form
in
they
.
made
roughly,
of
jurisdiction
prize ring,
most
But
fighting
"
been
practice
of
mediaeval
"
consent,
happens,
remarkable
justly
form
maligned
it
as
regulations
direction.
more
the
the
thing
any-
widely
most
developed.
any
any
within
practised
the
in
things, indeed,
that,
been
in
and
out
seek
to
have
here,
as
common
as
observable
because
;
are
They
continuously
the
89
which,
fighting
of
each
either
began,
other,
or
inflicting gratuitous
engaged
in
the
fray.
decision,
with
OUTLOOK,
THE
90
what
are
we
it around
the
is
us,
now
the
on
from
it, when
The
same
and
It
is,
out
passed
agreement
it
and
home
at
or
and
tends
which
interposition
In
home,
us
its
in
civil
"
Judge, Jury,
men,
Police-
through
Judge,
Turnkey,
Magistrate,
:
is
do
we
which
of
nature
criminal,
matters
It
contest.
blind
to
amicable
of
Solicitor, Counsel,
through
Bailiff.
the
to
disputes
At
abroad.
human
of
case
the
public
a
the
each
region
by
or
always
to
which
settled
mechanism
matters
derive
great
form
as
the
of
familiarity
very
its
use,
we
and
every
by
be
may
a
its
**war,"
bottom,
public authority,
by
not
"war"
of
benefit
of
in
at
have
same
the
is present
method
the
alike
fact, everywhere
requiring it, a
of
than
see
we
action
very
problem
true
society.
see
we
duly regulated.
is, in
;
regarded,
and
as
instructive
illustrating
purpose,
became
we
result,
more
the
but
side,
its
small,
even
outcome,
every
abuse,
eventual
Rightly
process.
only
the
and
;
how
shows
history only
But
and
Jury
Hangman.
and
aside
unaffected
the
their
done
the
by
dealt.
towns,
outside
the
they apply
work,
without
court.
the
far
as
do
crime
excited
disturbing
It is their
authority they
fair
they
in
day,
special
wield
by
which
with
it, every
stood
possible,
as
feelings usually
They
busiest
have
immemorial,
injustice or
imputed
have
time
from
These,
market
or
merit
with
the
a
that
single
the
the
of
So
required
effect
for
acting
sends
towards,
and
trial
strength.
that
be
can
identical,
public
of
the
in
stronger,
J
and
order;
J
may
"art
said
of
war,"
sea
The
best
be
to
in
its
naval
our
It
is
advancing
less
that,
true
which
have
greater
antiquated,
And,
of
and
with
a
not
a
this
all the
in
of
the
ment
refinecase,
violence
view.
still
that
Yet,
barbarities.
international,
necessity
also
called
into
century
difficult
patient regard
use
get
to
rid
the
the
and
practices
for
likely
are
to
slower
that
true
in
discarded
not
needless
and
is
been
not
of
matters
it
have
of
to
the
be
of.
past,
War
in all
government.
"
we
And
have
we
is
but
part
will
requires
refinement
a
purpose
in
process
perfect;
a
all civil
of
root
effected, in every
rid
ancient
most
of the
government
been
practice
of its
some
is
closes
equally
essence.
the
to
It
same.
11
'^
it
only
obviously
needless
J
land
or
by gradually getting
was
all
is
effect, actual
which
the
at
1
by
be
has
is thus
i_
control.
moral
that
no
present.
as
order
Military
simple
a
this
demonstration
decisive
a
final
is the
case,
principle, with
war:
to,
failing, and
the
But
either
in
possible,
or
always
moves
available,
being
done.
army,
international
regard
Agreement
judgment
supreme
with
the
concerned.
an
field,
of
by
commanded
the
is directed
backed
those
and
into
it
always
State, when
civilised
a
decision
just
a
among
organised
decision
of
but
strongest
well
a
91
"
dispute,
in
points
will
OUTLOOK,
the
to
eye
THE
we
OUTLOOK.
THE
98
that
admit
must
Some
forty
public
and
one,
armaments
existed
when
the
streets**
fight
to
not
and
would
included
be
not
on
this
the
yet
will
of
the
of
users
who
those
of
one
the
and
public
for
the
apparent
in
time
being,
reason
in
why
applying
necessary
ment
settle-
their
of
all
the
the
should
time
include
related
to
they
and
all
some
keep
lously,
sedu-
collusion
active
official
conflict.
we
for
business,
avoid
this
unarmed
provided
own
that
and
to
as
be
to
representatives
advance
of
mode
so
;
their
who,
batants,
com-
should
way,
insoluble,
extended,
manifestly,
those
the
further
a
contention
combatants
to
of
peaceful
happen
may
attend
apart,
with
be
who
being,
the
the
to
the
of
area
shall
being,
as
otherwise
of
those
struggle.
strongest
partial exemption
time
of
international
disputes
sea
into
quarrels,
any
out
suggested,
rude
the
of
the
in
it is
Now
keep
the
of
descend
**
it,for the
to
public
nearly agreed
we
their
related
clearly
a
highway.
did
out
of
peaceful occupants
were
nations
now
"
commerce
thought
date,
same
differing
and
crowded,
even
the
at
effective,
the
help
to
which
in
era
to
private
pockets
nobody
and
Further,
that,
and
;
agreed
of
in
own
an
less
common,
a
from
were
hardly
as
fill his
to
survival
needless
called
be
to
all
sort
a
"
used
advancing.
nearly
privateer*'
**
who
policeman
been
we
ago,
years
the
down
put
have
we
capacity
combatants
And
not,
there
all
as
are,
is
of
no
us.
OUTLOOK,
THE
thus
on
go
in
The
bears
is, whether,
strength,
that
which
from
and
that
beneficial
The
would
what
The
the
1833
attention
The
in
1
85
1,
continued
the
no
of
the
1854,
opening
peculiarly
vexatious
a
a
great
to
to
in
but
it.
of
from
years
general
importance.
the
such
and
British
;
^^^""""*"
Paris
at
drawn
had
in
all nations
of
a
feeling, which
in
Order
voluntary
of
in
commenced
gathered
war,
London,
oped
fully devel-
more
distinctly
making
of
;
commerce
sea
interests
of
of
sign
Exhibition
intervals,
The
since.
been,
concerned
twenty-three
had
at
pose
pur-
have
thought
the
of
the
periodical expression
March,
see
strongly marking
commerce,
ever
of
we
Industrial
great
the
meeting
line
inclusive,
mutuality
this
the
its international
to
to
deviations
all
to
:
trial
a
singularly adapted
a
there
during
in
to
practised,
been
such
1855
to
observed
of
rapid growth
world,
question
?
none
action
done
was
the
injurious
have
to
into
needful
occasion
very
seem
bring
to
observed,
ourselves
limit
and
hitherto
manifestly
are,
and
when
be
justice
not
relevant
course,
applicable
present
seeking
should
especially
;
the
on
in
we
is
it will
suggested,
precisely
very
which
of
analogy
and
citizens.
good
as
international
our
useful
find
we
relations
our
in
assimilating,
relations, whatever
93
a
has
strength
Council
of
surrender,
hostile
foreign merchants,
at
right
and
OUTLOOK.
THE
94
the
indicating
the
upon
how
the
carried
a
conflicts
of
and
issue, without
the
and
influence
The
had
themselves,
naval
and
a
by
of
part
land
and
and
the
taken,
military
and
naval
by
naval
and
together,
in
under
their
by
in
common
eyes,
the
purpose
phase
of
closely,
to
an
with
had
strong
variety
every
endurance,
the
powerful
allies, for
only
naval
thus
had
expended
most
their
excepting
extensive
warfare
modern
and
and,
;
peculiar
and
of
fortified
years,
of
be-
seen
strongest
two
her
all
combination
effort, and
world,
and
had
Almost
several
hostile
seen
;
vast
some
large
a
well-defended
a
and
;
a
France,
over
Russia
times.
been,
States
of
force, the
modern
military
recently
very
had
of
taken
blockaded
and
of
Conference
Britain,
They
territory
seiged,
of
and
Russia,
sea.
ports
the
at
Great
by
possession
European
place
unlimited
to
commerce,
conflict, involving military
severe
Turkey,
military
transmission
of
actually
operations
Sardinia,
area
pecially
es-
depredation.
in
engaged
legitin;iate
private property,
parties represented
been,
their
to
course
of
of
freely
be
might
nations
the
in
just
War.
practical example
fine
submitting
needless
Crimean
conducted
when
under
the
lay
highway,
common
And
afforded
on,
a
as
table.
had
over,
sea
the
war,
been
interest,
ations
operevery
watched
by
those
assembled.
Throughout
these
operations,
and
a
under
OUTLOOK,
*THE
96
in
the
the
friendly
public
of
with
done
each
both,
to
effect.
the
of
been
of
most,
Crimean
its
misery,
have
it
their
Though
the
the
have
escaped
subject, they
apparent.
men.
gentleus,
in
side
of
by
naval
did
evidently
the
of
been,
the
to
for
not
these
had
drawn
if
course
abundantly
pointedly
outset
the
attention
have
success,
been
to
seems
that
legitimate
its
much,
in
usqal
suggestion
for
must,
were,
than
final
and
bably
pro-
private
war,
more
than
responsible
War,
Yet
rather
war,
that
and
the
of
less, the
fit purpose,
its
or
hitherto
the
none
method
and
state
a
with
suppressed
But,
means
to
;
therefore,
were,
precision,
more
incidental
irregularities,
as
other
of each
presence
duties
'
not
the
see
contrast.
when
Even
who
glance
the
what
perceive
that
nothing
more
inherent
vice
the
of
a
could
not
system
glaringly displayed
was
action
thought.
They
merely
be
and
of
the
abolished,
was
their
let
**
:
was
and
whose
by
that
shallow
as
added
complaint
and
of
necessary
vicious
their
language
warfare,
they
almost
plainants
com-
reforming
a
complained
And
contrast.
their
thus
an
incident
naval
begun,
was
than
turn
to
of
had
we
interested
some
hand,
usages
what
characteristic
by
at
were
upon
continue
urged
Let
neutrals
fiat
as
to
teering
privanot
be
disturbed."
Giving,
then,
due
weight
to
all the
facts, it
OUTLOOK,
THE
is
not
much
too
to
97
that
say
present
our
position,
More
now
as
is
a
sea-power,
one
liable
perilled,by
that it has
the
by
those
and
than
war,
been
times
effective
existence
continued
our
Having
due
regard
spread,
and
giving
and
ships
with,
it
of
mode
It
is
the
also
be
remembered
partial in
remain
reducing
our
regards
we
may
alone.
operation
of
said
Some
in
to
of
been
;
Declaration
partial in
is
and
which
operation.
likely to
thus, while
at
to
sea,
possible enemies,
some
in
have,
this, and
be
any
power
of the
two
or
we
In
up.
has
1*1
under
Declaration
warlike
that
one
weapons
given
its
own
unaffected
leave
too,
there
scribed
pre-
that, under
or
the
been
in the
",
probable,
have
we
and
.
seem
of
worse.
circumstances,
present
yet
the
to
force
force
our
it is
changes
to
;
for
I
the
as
increased
using
nation.
comparison,
change
material
a
than
rather
reduced,
in
to
which
over
very
has,
and
mercantile
area
the
last
we
necessary
weight
due
but
least
at
immediate
more
a
the
to
armament,
defend
to
as
is
when
its
is, also, far
defence
p^"*^^^*""-
for defence,
sea
was
and
;
less
interpretation
at
it
as
it there
defend
to
exposed
great
as
;
property
exposed,
receive.
ultimately
may
property
twelve
before
been
ever
with
im-
deeply
more
1856; whatever
of
changes
had
it has
nation,
materially weakened,
changes
Our
only
not
.
commercial
a
as
be,
to
,
.
-
formidable
most
compliance
some
other
stand,
most
the
other
of
with
it,
respects,
ably
unfavour-
maritime
H
OUTLOOK.
THE
98
Powers,
find
it
with
not
the
and
;
do
course
In
effect,
their
war
or
less
and
or
should
It
tion
indeed
may
its
it would
being
all.
It
was
would
the
led
constitution
up
to
purpose.
affairs.
only by
European
They
our
aded,
block-
ports
more
the
ports
Were
ours
resource.
alleged
that
the
defective
But,
joint
of
of
for
such
any
form,
of
seven
Congresses
hitherto
are
the
authority
could
authority
upon
if
formal
Its
similar
agreement
have
due
Europe.
call
assuming
advantage,
in
of
be,
may
even
any
work
Declara-
it
easily effected,
Powers
amendment
these
promised
the
of
materially impeded,
amended.
be
not
succeed
through
use
such
be
of
little
ports
neighbours.
amendment
assembled
be
their
of
however
Fans,
of
that
no
aid
very
more,
or
were
their
even
have
oi
admits
one
uses
their
of
they
to
must
we
effectually supplied
railways
Nottgbe
the
All
would
with
and
;
Any
have
blockaded,
we
sea
antagonists,
could
war,
so
they
operate
nowhere.
or
by
were
little
took
time,
keep.
to
can
by
do
a
us.
event,
any
they
best
we
European
and
in
with
so
could
trade
except
there,
at
system.
the
for
endangered
Not
heartily available,
would
protected, might
dispense,
to
together,
these
as
be
found
they
old
neutrals
all
difficult
trade
the
neutrals,
of
Declaration,
very
the
under
aid
the
under
now,
us
the
by
a
not
been
common
day
every-
few
in
;
number
and
;
in
in
until
the
(as
proved
wars,
OUTLOOK,
likely
are
have
THE
Powers.
of
this
in
use,
any
so
fitter
see)
for
changes
remain
we
rules
framing
world
to
form
giving
99
;
for
settled
to
the
future
To
obtain
case,
would
siderably
con-
and
they
use
after
than
results,
action
pendent
inde-
of
likely
one
be
do
to
be
to
its work
beforehand.
All
that
all
by
is
concerned,
lies before
us
it
before
clearly
That
and
;
had,
being
conclusion
one
really needed
:
we
other
maritime
there
could
hardly
that
a
the
further
nuisance
would
in
is, must,
the
view,
considered
as
new
best
the
ture
cap-
of
war,
magnitude.
of is
rid
got
be
uniformity
in
us
not
The
;
a
a
of
position
worse
yet
and
or
not
yet
which
dislocated
forded
af-
basis
common
than
an
as
are
we
before
;
:
the
the
and
intelligiblydefined.
outlook,
awaiting
a
without
;
for, whether
it has
States,
action
;
it
as
practical
a
enforced,
completed,
several
Paris,
in
as
failure
be
to
discredited,
system
one
a
deemed
of
well
as
law,
a
the
to
old
be
to
agreement,
all of
be
but
any
time
first
Declaration
technical
a
of
for
be
question.
Meanwhile,
point
of the
bring
to
of
in
sea,
now
Powers.
resumption
at
it
as
prepared
the
private property
be a public nuisance
How
full consideration,
a
question
are
of
would
the
of
as
is
then,
our
is
decision
of
one
to
foolish
change
fusion
con-
it.
n
2
Declaration
The
Paris
of
Peril
affected
in
Our
duty
"
Other
in
"
best
Our
The
1^
relied
relied
have
We
Their
us
hitherto
ence
experi-
recent
"
Training
War,
a
now,
"
fine
of
admitted
it
Were
that
ii*
Faris
^
embodies
Declaration
the
the
of
of
law
it
has
it
received
not
whose
it
assent
would
the
hands
example)
it
of
right
of
to
formulates,
Powers
before
as
;
(the
and
regards
the
it
in
States,
further
neutrals,
and
fully
United
already
suggested
;
as
such
indeed,
;
but
abolition
privateers
use
it.
any
privateering
its
avail,
no
purported,
;
to
without
upon
initiate
opinion
effecting
several
as
of
not
because
of
rely
It
public
by
method
left
not
abolition
the
condemned
no
did
improvement.
record
to
to
is
subject
character,
unsafe
it
fact,
in
But,
it
those
of
assent
that
is, in
ment
amend-
an
be
to
if
yet,
agreement,
an
the
equally
be
material
as
as
because
said
are
invalid
or
;
who
all
to
Law,
provement
im-
warfare,
invalid,
Maritime
the
applicable
that
deemed
be
document
material
a
naval
of
practice
"i*
r
tor
proposal
a
on.
that
art
"
to^-r^.
not
much
too
led,
"
with
Powers
"
affairs
Foreign
out
The
on
course.
Evcii
Decia-
ration
Our
"
speak
to
Military
War
be
to
probably,
States,
"
not
delay
"
ignored
POWERS.
THE
IV."
has
the
for
concessions
had
been
pre-
THE
made
viously
could
by
The
in
material
aid,
which
its
withheld
us
concession
made,
so
of
return
a
it, on
events.
(as
embodied
yet
in
guidance,
or
is, at
in
once
affords
us
with
dealing
and
new,
that,
or
no
a
sent,
pre-
imperative
now
requirements.
No
public
for
occurred,
it
to
discussion
Law"
last
in
and
relevant
to
with
But,
in
reviewing
national
Inter-
nothing
larly
particu-
topic.
present
without
or
ference
re-
Edinburgh
upon
it contains
the
public
the
"Commentaries
"
has
subject
(1875)
III.
Art.
296
Phillimore*s
R.
The
I think
made,
was
the
of
years.
many
No.
Review
Sir
by
public document),
other,
any
in
then
past,
been
implied
all
at
us,
and
belligerent;
one
the
Powers,
to
part,
loi
have
And
other
to
their
to
us
other.
any
us,
by
afterwards,
not,
from
POWERS.
gfuidance,
have
we
the
'
other
Powers
"
to
with.
these
to
the
not
We
can,
here, aim
will
not
share
;
field
common
of
Such
is
;
obscured
independent
and
real
by
States
of
;
others.
equals.
benefit
no
is
peaceful
or
they
clear
to
a
warlike,
of
annoyance.
relation,
more
are
desire
and
desire
we
and
these
but
achieve,
action,
our
tacitlypartners,
"
Partners,
or
all
for
partners,
so.
at,
obstruction
needless
interests
less
in this matter,
Powers,
of
substantially, that
but
us,
1.1
deal
relations
Our
is,
'^^^Powers
affected.
or
We
less, for
ambition.
and
with
regards
as
own
our
are
all
We
views
all
our
of
of
are
selves,
our-
competitors
POWERS.
THE
102
for
Thence,
desire.
to
the
regard
main
a
all
are
view
to
are,
for
best
war,
for
selves
our-
the
being
opposition,
of
worthy
times,
at
matter,
all, of rivalry and
us
less,
or
losses
as
the
of
aspect
more
disposed,
others
of
gains
with
source,
is, with
we
this
and
;
all nations,
which
advantages
continuous
attention.
We
with
1856,
which
of
the
these
States,
and
privateering,
commonly
are
Maritime
under
present,
of
some
to
as
the
then
Law,
from
dating
neutrals;
to
as
regarded
ments
engage-
amendments
as
and
made,
in
now
operation.
all
To
this,
far
so
as
faithfully adhere.
must
the
powers
this
difference
to
such
no
it
But,
with
them,
similar
result
is
we
three
or
agreement
with
to
come
two
carries
contingencies.
ready
With
have
we
bound,
are
we
;
and
threatening
some
also,
we
are
whenever
terms,
of
they
please.
Peril
in
The
delay.
in
on,
net
of
time
a
a
plight by
business
mutual
and
may,
at
in
haste),
be
a
no
;
time,
and
condemn
fool's
calls
paradise)
which
into
and
care,
a
hasty
sense
from
be
is
a
thought,
fore-
common
common
;
It
such
driven
but
should
we
for
factory
satis-
cannot
we
war,
Without
be
less
or
a
going
are
desirable.
means
practices
must
of
we
more
pressing,
event
care.
any
of
to
the
that, in
see
in
not
seems
in
peace,
ignoring (as in
manner,
what
that, while
which
we
sumption
re-
(not
all
POWERS.
THE
I04
shall, within
our
a
month
merchantmen,
as
easily
the
the
may
silent
of
change
overlooked.
it
well
may
with
be
others
somebody
falls
most
the
leading
the
and
marine
the
coasts,
care,
facilities; and
taken
of
of
new
telegraphs,
whatever
the
selves
our-
sea
"
the
change
ex-
harbours,
channels;
of
vants
ser-
and
dangerous
the
the
and,
maritime
and
and
servants
passengers,
of
ocean
and
upon
surveying
insurance,
banking
and
the
of
become
commerce;
and
goods
is
merchants
work
common
diffusion
and
by
properly
of
news,
distant
the
conveyance
collection
of
have
[that capacity
all
have
indirectly,
served
are
but, what
;
we
the
widely
most
known
also,
come
be-
largest,
and
Leaders,
are
who
nearly
as
world.
we
all
the
of
sea-carriers,
the
duty
century,
present
purpose,
seamen,
commerce,
of
in
present
of
bankers,
of
hitherto
Empire
to
more
the
wealthy,
most
demands
that
and
so
posed
dis-
equally
time
out;
inheritors
the
only
extended
but
it is
us.
during
populous,
most
speak
be
ourselves,
that
granted
short, the
In
should
have,
not
the
it.
directly, upon
We
s^^'k
out^^
with
so
a
to
come
equally interested,
;
that
be
for
taken
ignore
to
this
if
in
under
two,
or
circumstances,
And
So
course.
anomalies,
dangerous
generation
a
plundering
of
matter
a
most
of
course
be
two,
or
the
the
ing,
lay-
system
of
closing adjustments
nation
every
else
must
using
these
needs
lie
in
POWERS,
THE
the
the
One
has
sought,
rather
and
outlying
places,
have
to
had
and
widely
The
long
ever
since
The
this
of
fitted
best
within
living
Mediterranean,
the
first and
with
almost
only
portion
upon,
Dey
and
of
by
of
Algiers.
He
of
interests
far
still,so
ished,
flour-
its
on
And
fruits.
after
States,
St.
were
us,
Helena,
to
had
a
new
about
fleet; that
consent,
common
seas,
generations,
with
our
of
State
to
we
the
that
considerable
European
Napoleon
peace;
a
the
many
settling down,
general
called
the
of
themselves
for
exclusively,
when
deportation
of
was,
had,
them.
known
best
by
thence,
recollection
one
cerned
con-
discharge
history began,
that
have
most
have,
the
piracy,
its borders,
those
to
navigated,
since
commerce,
assured.
duties
in
been
visible
was
world's
to
others
been
sea
these
and
them;
become
had
at
the
It is yet
was
power
upon
has
It
exclusively,
with
on
in
prominently
conferred
has
predominance
our
general
invested
and
most
obvious.
been
fallen, almost
which
widely,
apparent.
most
practice,
British
protection
vigilance
themselves
make
been
and
most
of
need
in
work,
than
those
British
benefit
has
now
"
this
us
subjects,
been
long
urgently,
most
sea
of
upon
British
having
property,
results
grown
that,
is
the
use
inevitable
the
of
most
of nations.
highway
great
which
who
those
of
way
105
to
long
to
we
deal
defied
it
the
felt
era
mantle
diswere
with
his
\ye
have
led
io6
POWERS.
THE
the
neighbours,
down
in
In
deal
good
a
similar
rendered
we
newly-opened
where
East,
could
with
compete
us
between
made
"
our
outlying Navy
we
these
survivals
of
hunt
to
It
is
and
should
act
of
have
entered
of
foremost
on
Providence
desire
foremost;
now
as
only
to
of
old;
wherever
flinching.
to
of warfare,
future
we
the
by
the
hold
ourselves,
and
vivals
sur-
usages
"
which,
in
we,
station, present
We
As
and
;
we
still
the
past
better
the
that
war
but
are
neglected
with
us.
of
usages
which
and
inconsistent
all
favour
evil
an
Being
cleared
we
spirit
same
of
extirpate
follow
to
find
China
past.
in force,
the
legitimate,
as
and
the
work
ordinary
wished
We
now.
regarded
plainly
who
precisely
in
the
non-commercial
a
those
for
infest
and
down
and
primitive
to
the
of
first there, in occupancy,
way
other
Indian
the
Empire,
freely,
continued
it part
seas
of
Napoleonic
certain
the
now
incubus
commerce
and
"
States
piratical
channels
their
push
again
the
the
and
Revolution,
have
we
powers
from
partially
but
and
up,
the
relieved
with,
French
the
for
manner,
afterwards,
the
explored
and
same
him
sternly put
we
elsewhere.
service
to
but
;
the
In
1816.
years
many
French
expectant.
the
do
duty
needless
without
it lies before
the
of
us
;
and
sumption,
as-
without
'
pending,
this
and
yet
doubtful,
position is, indeed,
the
methods
only
one
POWERS.
THE
to
open
only
act
We
us.
uninvaded,
this
In
Our
however,
instance,
but
:
of others
it
can
we
rights being
own
those
leave
must
we
counsel
offer
may
ourselves.
for
107
intact.
that,
happens
so
.
only
not
duty
duty
our
that
ourselves
to
of
existence
which
else
might
the
in
perhaps,
in
concur
"
be
primary
our
preserving
"
national
and,
but
others,
to
that
making
of
matter
long
perative
im-
debate
of
run,
our
;
mutual
agreement.
have
We
to
in
war,
beyond
the
in
others,
some
merely
very
vitality.
already
of
for
upon,
if need
suggest,
in
possible
their
is
part,
our
all
The
But,
expediency,
be,
at
to
involve
acting,
question
present
discussed,
be
to
one
our
upon
on
is
the
decided
necessity;
for, without
struck
quences
conse-
as
but
of absolute
as
be
as
little
comparatively
be
all
and,
hesitation,
costs.
have
long been,
peace,
we
of
causes
;
line
the
facts, and
probable
natural
to
to
which,
disturbances
the
us,
of
property,
strength,
much
so
affects
exposed
importance,
short,
In
of
in
readily
us,
our
not
one
ground
and
for
upon
but
be
inestimable
of
not
;
would
might,
moment,
widely
and
earth
reference
locally
most
person
the
of
nations
to
the
comparison
depredation,
which
form,
any
with
become,
only
not
but
all
war
of
more
and,
to
even
therefore
consequences.
Such
this
it
in
instance
they
less, apparent.
or
hesitate
;
reasoning
suggest
to
discuss
hesitation
is
becoming
THE
io8
It
dangerous.
shaped
our
against
factor
our
present,
safety.
The
naval
of
system
in
which
naval
old
the
that
practicable
still
is
being
inconsistent
are
assumption
the
and
used
being
of
policy
as
a
of
some
neighbours.
in
thus,
is
suddenly.
Their
if observed
not
is
hand,
feeling,
and
facts, for
kept
As
states
imperfect
this
to
of
out
is
not
at
nearly
most
warmth
by
acquaintance
due
when
and,
;
parties
incapacitated,
or,
practically
discretion
The
readily giving
been
thus
and
sound
out
unobserved,
unconsidered
it check.
are
break
wars
are
us
excited,
concerned
thus
causes
upon
give
to
that
part,
discussed;
come
passion
weight
to
of
with
the
what
has
sight.
Question,
the
has
only
not
time
^
with
.
us.
unnoticed
past,
obviously
shaping
ignored,
probably
the
warfare
is, very
us
It
Other
from
the
by
leaves
inevitably
derived
influences
with
POWERS.
when
come
is
obviously
also
have
in
approached
be
peace,
It
methods,
is
last
event,
we
the
unwilling
apparent
their
disposition,
the
advanced
under
not
forty
believe
to
reason
any
ostrich-like
policy
seriously dangerous
some
and
powerful
whom,
and
i-
i-i
i
.
this
contmue
to
has
years
that
of
shall
;
have
as
and
greatly
and
to
act,
of
regards
more
with
will, if
unbroken
with
us.
and
war,
changed
of
its
their
probably
especially
we
States
co-operate
position,
been
the
but
the
that
influence
to
;
during
late.
POWERS.
THE
advanced
States
and
therefore
all
upon
is
(which
"
period,
same
this
good
deal
come
to
have
they
relation
to
to
them,
through
and
its
of
of
memories
gains
and
one
the
the
;
of
another
and
its
better
its destructive
study
"
though
nation.
of
of
been
of
the
forty
has
part,
regard
the
the
it, we
their
as
factor
last
the
with
to
losses
the
work,
a
in
work
them,
in
which,
in
invite
now
war,
unwelcome,
its
the
avoiding
topic
would
it ; of
in
Hence
very
nature
in
and
of
been,
of
the
to
;
other.
has
much
written
way
to
of
been
success
families
best
been,
succession
a
perils, as
economy
And
has
it, it has
of
of
the
and
the
attention
every
in
period
part,
means
millions
aspect
needful,
the
generation
a
same
its later
securing
last
main,
of
the
during
much
before,
assiduous
an
sufferings,
and
have
experience
understand,
earlier
its
with
and
war,
had,
useful
preceded
through
occupied
alone,
itself,and
continuance
a
which
peace
;
and
They
in
"
the
us,
than
years*
wars
value,
promoted,
sea.
topic)
done
ever
other
hardly
and
rarer
of
its
commerce.
While,
of
to
have
; and
than
a
both
fact
a
have
by which,
by
in
progress,
continued
freedom
importance
more
of
its
especially
with
its
facilities
be
can
progress
also
the
these
so
and
;
acquainted
upon
all
ourselves,
with
period
dependent
more
war
that
better
of
peoples
greatly,
much
become
and
the
during
commerce,
its
have
only
Not
109
their
sometimes
the
the
life of
fruit
of
this
has
study,
been
preparation
for
effect, when
it shall
Theirreccnt
expenence
in War.
POWERS.
THE
no
fhe
Crimean
little
which
we
and
distance;
a
and
in
Though
Sebastopol,
closely
us
that
Civil
(1861);
War
(1870) together,
may
disturbed,
part
American
North
What
last
form,
us,
held
have
generation
and
in
we
incorporate
two,
on
a
loosely
too
had
or
only
India,
have
to
and
intimately,
the
the
tended
ex-
have
to
greater
and
European
cannot
but
with
do
to
has
tightened grip
;
and,
war,
been
distant
our
regular
;
Prussian
Francosaid
the
continents.
we
to
tribes
population
(1864);
years
of
But
theAmerican
;
eleven
affect
Italy,and
War
be
and
not
and
the
of
siege
people.
War;
and
severely,
the
of
than
more
over
powers.
the
our
Danish
and
midable,
for-
least
did
war
Mexican
the
Italy,
chief
France
(1866)
War
German
War
the
(1859);
Austria
only
the
in
disturb
between
War,
then
much-needed,
some
all
at
nor
;
Italian
the
to
us
gave
only
France,
the
of
sense,
painful experience,
very
with
military blunders,
our
and
;
as
the
was
Russia,
against
naval
a
The
regarded
It
in alliance
and
Turkey;
be
may
involved
were
for.
remarkable.
overture.
an
rapid
more
called
are
(1854-6)
than
more
in
one
at
War
with
be
next
facts
mere
.
renewal,
its
skilful
and
extensive
an
in
borders
of
elsewhere,
of
government
ignore,
it has
and
can
the
an
official
;
yielding
Empire
a
for
had
we
gradual
jection
sub-
uncivilised
but
slowly
(of necessity),given
us
THE
112
of
military
especially
history,
as
the
on
been
The
increased
now
it is
tactical
was
order,
the
and
which,
of
little
from
or
its
itself,
shade
in
its
the
by
of
and
new
combined
other
a
pendent,
de-
of
provision
and
;
to
discipline,
increasing precision,
skill
become
always
the
into
of
in
method
the
spicuous,
con-
success,
in
steam,
on
cast
without
be
has
valuable
Like
;
personal
War,
in
it
as
warlike
mankind,
now
use
of
science,
a
of
importance
it would
time
invariably
so
of
effect,
its
application,
fine
element
force.
motive
trained
first
so
universally effective,
all, however
of
weapons,
the
bravery,
history
eyes
their
for
Europe,
ordinar)^ education,
an
for
War
almost
personal
earlier
mere
of
made
to
as
the
have,
of
made^
known.
previously
the
been
now
Continent
they
addition
an
have
success
that
familiar,
POWERS,
with
appliances
modern
warfare,
avail.
no
inception
close,
its
to
has
art.
i
properly
now,
more
conditions,
which
necessity
the
in
with
their
that
expect
now
has
service,
something
compelled
and
of
like
war,
and
nature,
that
the
at
with
it
use,
their
fulness
other
them
and
effect.
nations
arts,
to
shall, when
cost,
its
serious
that
assumed
i
become
become
now
be
may
have
give
to
; and
art
acquainted
have
It
obstructions.
tine
a
states
prepared
barbarities
Ancient
will
intimately
and
r
become
all these
of
less
or
i
speakmg,
inhabitants
the
"
i
be
of
stand
underused
applied
aptitude
of
POWERS.
THE
that
and
design,
of
arts
whose
less
In
popular
be
well
be
the
of
war
is
not
But,
have
their
interests
are
those
but
they
policy,
own;
to
and
other
may
life
as
and
purpose
expediency
eyes,
households,
our
the
and
;
prize
rivalry;
least,
not
too
and
much
their
ours
regard
most
States
have
with
identical
possibly
these
though
hand,
They
so.
dislike
say
of
tranquility
an
make
by semi-military
even
habitually
not
sole
the
Where
things,
doubtless
they think)
the
as
to
of
the
country,
that
primitive
and
ideas, of late years
they
and
likely.
many
widened
of
at,
all
learned
all
might
more
destruction
army.
the
on
It
the
to
s
habitual
at
and
nations,
warfare.
return
enemy
looked
the
of those
sea-commerce
s
military warfare;
invading
is
possible
the
by
wide-spread
an
and
new
humanise
to
other
naval
to
past
in
more
deep, widespread,
each
of
mode
of
means
disposal
hardly
retained
through
that
it is
willingly
property,
an
this
of
of
mere
of
face
proposed
usages
in the
readily effectual,
more
plunder
accepted
the
cation
appli-
warfare.
change,
mutual
can
and
costly,
the
it
certainly is,
it
of
only
not
at
are
in every
For
peace.
interest
methods
the
and
;
which
power,
success
military force,
increased
make
to
skill
of human
familiar
of
economy
essential
palpably
so
113
our
and
; some
are
(as
friendship;
deem
exclusively
yet
main
perceive
our
our
that
our
course.
best
THE
114
every
loss
a
Our
to
best
like
proffer
to
but
;
own
favours
for
position
dis-
our
occasion
as
nothing
them,
; to
each,
to
nations,
between
but
needed
And
needed
;
we
can
what
we
what
and
graciously
event,
For
so.
hold
cannot
offices,
so.
more
what
only
properly
also
costly,
always
shall, in any
get
attitude
dependence.
means
We
continue
to
leave
to
be
with
having,
and
As
often
are
guidance
and
;
course.
is
for
them
ask
to
them,
to
accustomed
our
good
our
with
seem
times
neutrality";
force
needed
would
"
guidance
no
the
of
continue
their
take
take
and
:
quite
take
cannot
hold
cannot
we
wise,
other-
or
we
we
are
without.
better
Diplomatists,
seeming
head
;
to
forward
and,
The
and
look
to
sometimes
the
to
feed
future.
back
wants
and
as
the
phetic.
prothe
cobbled
who,
of
initiate
emergency
providential
us,
the
by looking
the
1856
of
and
;
distinction
is, for
the
backward,
the
past
of
men
It
look
making
both
wise
left it.
have
business,
the
won
seemed
in
eyes
on
Bismarck,
:
rule,
a
their
wear
wanted,
;
as
sit, solidly,
nothing.
to
or
helped
dealing
credit
hopefully,
suggest
may
in
present,
signs
them,
to
past
more
have
might
then,
the
''benevolent
he
be
must
sea,
deserved
the
towards
of
who
them
give
read
us,
those
course,
questions
to
"
at
it.
consume
on
sunk
cargo,
less
POWERS.
men
morrow,
of
POWERS,
THE
The
Powers,
then,
disposition, generally
benefitted
the
desired
by
end
our
;
;
are,
and
we
probably, with
can
in
us
will, certainly, be
in
success
but
115
moving
expect
no
towards
aid
from
them.
I
2
v."
No
THE
of
capture
more
^The
United
"
Collateral
trouble
give
Our
of
alternative
is,
clearly,
of
admit
No
the
to
The
other
by
carried
of private
captuTC
it
without
just
to
seems
effect
into
or
the
to
us,
any
powers,
^The
"
happily,
involving
same
benefit
answer
one
And,
being
without
and
more
of
^The
"
advantages
supplied,
being
and
;
Its
but
State
Any
common
a
"
with.
began
we
prisals
re-
Maritime
"
want
own
sea
course
question.
There
offence
of
at
this
^The
telegraphs
limits
^The
"
once,
No
"
supremacy
Consistency
question
search
of
"
The
"
reserve
fail
it
be
May
"
"
"
others
for
Should
Ocean
topics
"
may
1854
"
Right
and
"
of
States
Compensation
"
to
Precedent
Method
us
"
"
Law
by
property
result
"
opposed
"
private
Probable
means
ANSWER.
them.
at
property
of
cause
of
any
at
in
sea^
^
capture
of
private
Pro-
/.
.
,
perty,
by
us.
time
-
must
wary
Of
r
cease,
far
as
we
as
are
concerned.
to
necessary
its
of
affairs
own
all
it
as
deems
is
entitled
is
fit
to
to
even
"
hardly
conduct
its
mode
fighting.
We
due
it)
repeat
(it
State
independent
Every
have,
publicity
time
to
therefore,
that
come,
we
the
only
renounce,
right
to
declare,
now,
we
have
and
with
for
formerly
THE
of
exercised,
where
at
such
blockade,
time,
to
been
of
pending
submit
capture,
of
of
exercise
effect
to
us,
the
at
all
same
future,
in
such
any
the
into
intend,
not
of
wise,
other-
or
war,
distinctly
do
we
against
as
breach
by
hostilities)
; and,
that
the
to
(excepting
war
shall,
brought
intimate
to
of
contraband
carrying
of
private property
time
property
have
service
in
sea,
117
the
capturing
enemies
our
ANSWER.
right
of
have
in
we
view.
The
An
Order
**
that
which
March
obvious.
have
we
which,
and
;
only
effect,
the
abide
regards
as
used,
equally
are
suffices.
and
affairs
own
our
That
Order,
the
well
are
we
and
means
by
of
maritime
held
signature
to
fortunately,
other
Method
to
25th
the
on
before
Queen's
it into
carry
;
accustomed
do.
The
it
for
is bold.
step
rests
the
on
marches,
it
and
established
and
equal
to
The
taken
in
method
us
certain
always
The
given,
by
conceding
the
supplies
strictly analogous
issued
had
we
hand.
at
are
means,
Council,"
was
1854,
rights
to
in
the
and
method,
the
other
the
the
But
of
foundation
power
;
and
;
Empire
our
clear
with
everywhere,
is firm
ground
;
right,
calls, only, for
will
a
occasion.
immediate
in time
of
ordinary
Powers,
and
peace,
result
and
of
course,
would,
no
discussion,
of
of the
our
a
our
if
step,
communication,
Declaration,
doubt,
of
such
be
an
to
early
the
sideration,
con-
action, by those
Probable
and
THE
ii8
What
concerned.
probably,
those
such
calmness
due
to
and
be,
at
to
warp
to
would,
say
be
circumstances,
and
;
hand,
the
any
is,
war
is
or
the
obscure
to
apt
are
sidered
con-
from
apart
when
feelings which,
supposed
views,
have
we
under
with
of
ANSWER.
of
judgment
every
nation.
Our
Precedent
of
1854.
would,
action
in accordance,
in
recognised
was
would
be
civilization
the
troubles
of
and
it.
concession
which
than
and
the
is
the
former
which
reciprocity
consistent
is
a
in
one
would
more
;
be
and
;
of
cerned
con-
It, also, would
nothing
alone
the
alone
step
enemies
prospective
in
immediately
this.
take
advance,
relieving
by
not
took
so
to
for
return
by,
We
should
we
those
war
It
to.
advance
warfare,
also
That
1854.
further
a
cisely
pre-
but
acceded
an
"
fact, be
form,
in
once
than
more
naval
of
in
at
direction
same
in
did
we
and
;
nothing
the
in
what
of
point
only
not
with
substance,
in
be
pected
ex-
suggested
such
with,
an
advance.
May
be
Of
it would
course,
be
to
open
of
any
the
opposed.
Powers
to
reasonable
any
clear
in
an
The
United
right,
any
way,
step
on
our
invade,
on
side,
own
American
hardly
of
part
the
nation,
any
at
upon
exercising
should
we
impede
or
the
but
;
While
ground.
equal right
The
this
oppose
not,
thus,
exercise
other
a
of,
State.
least, would
be
at
States.
one
when
with
us.
asked
The
to
States
United
concur
in
the
have,
already,
Declaration
of
THE
I20
make
only
Declaration
of
the
losses
sustained
of
opponent
our
should
we
sustained;
of
old
would
loss
our
system
inevitable
What
there
was
inflicted
as
in
precedent
apt
result
intention
could
in
such
its
an
have
an
"Alabama."
for
be
damage,
doubly
and
due
unprovoked
for,
would
the
occasion
as
in
regard
The
to
from
the
world
better
the
the
to
on
pursue
our
first, give the
large
supplied
the
marking
of the
course
protection
at
in
offender
result.
of the
private plunder
could,
effect,
temporary
the
of
punishment
good
character
Meanwhile,
rather
in
use
pressed
case,
a
of the
without
judicial
we
the
serve.
postponement
no
be
the
with
us
due
would
dentally
inci-
under
paid,
was
first
occasion,,
an
the
the
the
here
deliberate
of
and
"
Nor,
be
and
due,
for
of
this
than
of
case
our
damage
it
leave
"
end
for
such
should
by inadvertence,
the
should
the
account
of
greater
We
future.
strict
were
on
example
good
a
of
claim
it would
while
;
of
credit
be
not
terms
the
at
even
defeat
pursue
unwarrantable
payment
And,
by
a
our
the
peace.
barred,
the
and
;
and
;
the
by
present
making
condition
with
we
progress,
protest
however,
keeping,
;
conduct
war,
formal
a
in
then
war
accordance
in
course,
our
the
Pending
outrage.
could
ANSWER.
of
would
war,
having
account,
own
effective
more
molested
our
be
markets)
the
for
merce.
com-
better
not
(by
losing
ANSWER.
THE
what
had
we,
have
towards
the
we
should
for
the
gain
complete
in
and
;
have
not
to
this
in
keeping
If
the
be,
have
only
Having
we
as
we
well
of
place
a
the
continue
the
up
stake,
at
our
also
be
to
best
best
done
for
fair
worth
war
of
presence
bance.
disturit would
as
trifled
for fair peace
;
we
may,
and
;
with.
it is
winning.
moved
done
an
be
unprovoked
now
have
should
of
fight
are
we
given
use
predominance
it would
afford
not
to
quite
what
its
even
our
existence
have
that
All
in
kept,
face
fought before,
something
goods,
the
could
eventually,
;
power,
find
as
effectually,in
our
we
naval
our
sea,
assert
to
in
With
nounced
pro-
ashore.
most
and
others,
be
opponents,
done
of
at
to
had
such
against
a
be
experience
doubt,
no
peace
it has
we
that, in
some
increase
would,
realms
governed
had
garded
re-
would
piracy,
with
be
failed.
yet
as
;
should
him,
with
then
could
of
have
we
end,
passage
leave
deal
to
what
dealing
compelled
Any
We
how
form
a
as
form,
then
And
compensation.
lesson
against
case,
only
when
use.
something,
save
coming
a
its intended
future.
Our
and
from
would
enemy
paying
reprisals, should
to
diverted
or
the
Even
resorted
we
destroyed,
121
undisturbed.
advance
right
refrain
to
do
will
We
already begun.
to
capture
from
neutral
capturing
goods
any
ship,
advance
entirely
free
from
all
belligerents,
As
freely yield
of
benefit
character
"Mari-
to
selves
them-
hold
hostilities
pending
themselves
other
to
and
such
should
we
of
of
Much
of vessels
exemption,
;
the
what
and
claiming
afford
and
nationality
claiming
cargoes
hitherto
has
and
all such
should
as
the
of
vessels
of the
still claim,
belligerents,
search,
evidence
satisfactory
Law.*'
is
character.
right of visitation,
The
with
that
:
shall
divesting
not
make
before
as
which
should
time
the
only
on
should
we
ships
words,
any
commerce.
of
neutral
the
carrying
respect
other
in
belonging,
reservation
same
in
of
of
further
the
only
in
and
work
This
say,
whomsoever
to
;
unarmed,
peaceful
Right
ANSWER,
THE
122
been
it.
termed
'
"
"
the
-
law
would
"
War
with
whom
he
an
is
so
armed
this
the
fighting
punish,
of
directed
as
be
reference
required
;
will
concerned,
benefit,
the
and
to
be
the
or
general
likely
ship,
friend-
material
and
to
the
on
while
even
at
of
detect,
to
which,
supply
war
by
distinctly,
and
;
neutrality,
While
to
desire,
conduct,
to
and
Contraband
know,
to
;
circumstances.
''
natural
a
use
effective
more
to
as
of
is
aspect
always
by
for
changing
enemies.
will
States
to
rule
-
.
its
the
belligerent,
and
wearing
.
retam
made
result
every
prevent,
his
the
the
is
of
part
be
adaptation
instance,
"
would
nations
probably
its better
For
"
.
of
sea
aid
opinion
be
satisfaction,
on
goes
if it be
to
lated
reguof
observed
of all.
the
;
ANSWER.
THE
collateral
Many
"
"
will be
involved
that
it will
itself in
war,
kept in,
its
is,
is
or
and
it has
as
naval
be
to
not,
this
and
;
principle
perfectly clear;
practice,
place
proper
The
whether
it is
Shortly,
military
is
topics.
however,
leading question
with.
question
vindicate
before.
the
Collateral
1
1 hese,
when
dealt
been
in
nni
^"
questions.
readily settled,
have
shall
themselves,
topics suggest
i"i"
subsidiary
raising
123
done
like
war,
and
put
into
will
settle
the
rest.
No
is
State
its
at
each
this
doubt
peril.
has
State
conceivably
of
to
these
its
for
and
dealt
are
interests
of
of
sea
right
a
others.
to,
and
They
them,
protect,
so
naval
and
are
it is
much
so
far
these
as
we
concerned.
are
munion
com-
State
no
the
to
the
But
we
a
consequent
especially
interests.
that
the
and
as
us,
State,
ours
are
for
;
under
Such
the
these,
be
must
from
;
been
general
States,
view
But
days,
order.
invade
to
Perhaps
commercial
in
the
individual
not
and
here
have
or
to
nature,
very
arising
commerce;
own,
much
of
different
a
its
latter
collective,
inevitably
we
have
can
others
their
because
discretion.
own
State,
by
itself;
defend
may
with, by individual
interests
of
purely
in these
are
responsibility
the
its
entitled
so
it
every
for
answer
have,
which,
They
shared.
is
at
power,
every
importance,
It
which
interests
added,
to
interests,
so,
which
question
a
entitled
equally
own
utmost
is
must
that
injury
leading
to
look
apart.
defend
THE
124
the
Take
Ocean
ANSWER.
Ocean
Telegraphs,
for
instance.
Telegraph.
The
Commerce
them,
as
a
mode
of
as
against
us.
though
they
there
such
service.
requiring
in
world
similar
the
service,
The
when,
;
for
a
though
time,
we
it
to
the
to
full
the
even
interests
happen
goes
reap
them.
peace,
well
may
doing
protect
equally
State
all the
of
routes,
can
are
war,
will,
incidentally possible
international
particular
any
cease
by
and
are,
Mail
as
of
interests
all States
of
far
any
interests
service
be
and
;
than
they
various
so
disturbed
when
shall
chiefly,
are,
British
the
cular,
parti-
property
more
at
in
more
But
that
as
will
as
;
far
so
;
they
British
are
remain
event,
any
is true
destroying
and
;
interests
because
of
warfare
It
British
serve
;
naval
exclusively,
not
others
talk
Destroyers
that,
it
war,
will
advantage
of
them.
Any
Doubtless
State
give
may
trouble.
and
forward
insisting
interests,
of
source
true
is
now
together
From
appeal
abide
at
by
;
for
by
will
and
its
times,
of
sense
a
power
the
all
of
those
issue.
it
only
its
who
resort
ticular
par-
commerce
need
value,
repressive
to
equally
enough,
there
a
nuisance,
a
to
own
stronger
is
of
strong
such
any
the
But
if it becomes
and
and
independence
communion
general enough,
and
ample
The
thrusting
private
its
others.
trouble,
abated.
be
can
such
its
make
to
unduly
by
upon,
may
trouble
that
State,
any
knitting
to
afford
purpose.
is, in
force,
where,
every-
war,
have
no
to
ANSWER.
THE
The
sufficient
and
just
125
definition
all
of
want,
r
freedom
IS
State
no
best
measure
it
that
method
risk
of
is
given
has
As
only
But
all
thus
defined
in
our
The
apply
it is with
and
them.
equally
when
they
this
to
;
and
men
"
average
"
and,
morals,
as
States,
as
But,
hold
States,
of
the
being
individual
"
a
law
unto
a
much
display
without
States
political
other
in
like
avoidable
un-
individual
and
the
of
in each
the
internal
together;
themselves,"
of
matters.
race,
much
the
But
deal
good
predominant
they
So
affairs,
of
capacity,
average
one
ours.
that
only
respect,
of the
men
qualities.
which
this
in
are,
is
own
with
inter-dependence
States
"'
affairs.
their
qualified by
it is
The
equally independent,
contact
is
must
we
question
manage
into
come
independence
action
are
which,
;
extended.
external
our
They
entitled
affairs
somewhat
present
especially concerning
compass
precisely,
The
others.
secure.
the
our
shall
we
can
within
measure,
same
to
be
to
and
;
ring-fence of
happens
case,
a
recent
one
suggested,
well
lies
the
by
incur
to
than
more
take
can
we
"
less
or
been
already
desire
we
anything
warning.
us
what
get
more
which
of
Negotiation
seek
to
We
know
best
we
or
;
effectually.
purpose.
and
;
and
that
not
because
its
always
duplicity ;
has
event
place
in
it
want,
and
use,
has
want.
1
"
affairs;
own
which
defend
our
is, its
here
not
our
manage
and
assert
what
is
to
independent
is
cannot
can
rr
"!
limit
The
we
o^r
.
and
they
same
laws
being,
have
to
'
same
"^
^^'
ot
THE
126
their
in
seek
the
interests, from
apparent
which
guidance
of
ANSWER.
its
each
in
strength,
of
can,
we
made
effecting
of
limits
a
own
time
reliance
the
vary
Thus
time.
to
contracts
on
States
in
and,
;
in
freedom
framing
the
within
purposes,
power.
it may
be
of the
world
all the
that, for
objected
Sea
other
States
right
to
leave
would
how
But
is
its
?
;
it
extension,
unsafe,
sea
suits
the
our
when
or
to
exports
;
and
;
the
only
way,
there
it
is
that
new
we
see
and
;
trade
then
gave
proportion
to
exactly
we
would
make
the
what
least
promote
important,
for
a
time,
forty
ports
of
rail
bring
back
route
it.
has
years
take
their
never
we
and
Russia,
the
;
With
prevent.
this
Baltic
power
in
is
most
that
a
still is bent
To
cannot
we
to
in
ours.
learned
Antwerp
promotion
;
sea,
which
was
and
even
it ; and
closed
two
any
land
We
cost.
there
surely
where
divert
we
year
is
on
power,
great
that
at
invulnerable
too
ever
trade
trade
only
can
and
ancient
invulnerable.
too
harmless
be
in
The
us.
and
all
to
be
the
up
property
power
if
And
direction
open
sea
anything
tended
that
private
our
our
can
harmless
which
the
capture
give
to
common
benefit.
influences
greater
our
own
our
Possibly
supreat
with
act
this
These
other
and
us
duct
con-
interests, and
less
place
the
to
the
from
direction,
course,
may
and
macy
and
day,
to
receive
They
from
States.
between
return,
Our
other
of
gives
subjects.
own
guidance, also, partly
powers,
State
day
at
ago,
for
a
their
ports
im-
lost
128
THE
this,
make
to
and
to
in
easily compatible.
if
Only
"
It
Consistency
this
the
the
;
him
at
"
not
all else,
we
commerce,
our
sea.
observed
be
our
for ourselves.
seek
liberty we
;
less
being
two
this, and
in
persist in destroying
any
will
course.
war
But
destroy
must
we
of
others
to
easier
peace,
effectually,from
it, more
occupation
leave
in
occupation
our
separate
welcome
ANSWER.
the
that
here
course
'
i
suggested
all
principles
of
done
which
mankind
and
of
do
we
but
found
the
but
;
suggested
where,
success
also
is
the
by
circumstances.
existing
advance
it
that
i
the
with
and
ruled
hitherto
"
only with
not
past,
civilization
seek
course
In
short,
we
have
already,
it.
The
the
of
war-troubled,
traceable,
four
as
causes
and
sea,
the
and
free
trade.
effect
:
and
news
new
:
will
be
of
the
warfare.
directly;
this
We
and
the
the
new
change
would
without
is
operation
of
land
by
the
in
seek
exchange
exemplifies
of
applying
in
same
the
our
needless
to
necessary
international
way
general
same
power
Each
being
purpose
with
a
century,
transport
all have
These
or
sea-
telegraph, postage-reform,
electric
commodities.
power,
one
steam
indispensable
an
the
to
the
earlier, and
present
seen,
:
economy
the
since
the
of
have
we
distinct
character
world,
years
of
extension
extraordinary
commerce
a
the
strongly
and
recent
i
"
consistent,
in
have
in
directly
i
absolutely
have
we
i
i
"
is
manner
all.
of
object
of
either
old
an
So
naval
more
suffering,
and
it
ANSWER,
THE
(otherwise
them
much
less
be
able
out
more
1.
of
less
Relief
the
of
before
enjoyed;
the
on
they, themselves,
which
disturbance,
a
the
as
war.
ligerents
bel-
between
war,
they
have
and
a
never
that
condition
character
their
preserve
the
from
such
sole
"
"
naval
any
:
:
world
disputes
in
latter
the
exchange
of
itsadvan-
freedom
character,
future
neutrals,
for
freedom,
and
of
incidental
the
general
apprehension
closing
and
and
commercial
of any
The
of
also
shall
we
following
in
extent,
accompaniment
and
;
by
effectually,and
as
promotive
mankind
regards
our
differences
communication
incalculable
2.
the
in
ever-pending
now
before
settle
may
quite
than
or
we
national
sea,
count
of international
As
at
cost,
to
all
gains,
it,
insoluble)
fighting
at
made
Having
waste.
129
as
neutrals.
3.
the
fair prospect
A
future
the
enforcement
it of the
4.
of
greater
such
of
A
6.
the
of
is
naval
be
to
and
all future
the
by
;
forms
steady
uses.
advance
as
mon
com-
application
its proper
warfare
for the
of
misnomer.
a
obtained
footing
same
the
efficiency of
power
Prevention,
degradation
law
"
of
Law
means,
which
without
considerable
very
civilisation
on
to
power,
devotion
5.
"
term
The
naval
;
the
and
sanction,
Maritime
specific international
acquiring, by
agreement,
to
of the
in
the
placing
it substantially
military
warfare.
future, of the
personal loss, which
no
misery,
insurance
K
THE
I30
could
incidental
cover,
merchant
of
time
vessels
The
backed
by
of
And
The
probable
percentage
The
9.
happen
full
The
10.
naval
of
our
the
of
war,
a
(i)
we
as
to
form
commerce
;
No.
enemy,
attend
a
and
3
better
The
T*"e
great
only
naval
the
our
to
the
at
it three
;
discarded,
other
the
(2)
purposes
protection
none.
be
the
gainers.
outbreak
several
to
we
tasks,
protect
that
plunder
to
future, of
of
Navy,
of
our
the
certainly
can
two.
"
on
the
shall
alternative
war
the
and
:
power
for
for
of
difference
every
we
force
(3)
being
a
of
source
invasion
before
fighting
a
of
value
legitimate
abuse)
outset
have
in
use,
all
and
are,
or
war,
whole
foreign
a
for
very
now
will
closing,
capture
present
a
free
and
rights,
From
For,
of
by past
own
;
afloat.
with
power,
(unhampered
sea
Power
from
the
ourselves,
to
have
to
of
naval
on
have
closing
threat,
covert
at
"
next
our
then
:
saving
considerable
shall
flag
one
Maritime
any
ourselves
during
we
least
at
capable
of
destruction,
our
in
safety.
regard
as
8.
we
armed
un-
cruisers,
safety
power
ports
that
disturbing
of
commercial
naval
a
effectually, the
what
of
capture
armed
by
establishment
guarantee
a
the
to
war.
7.
as
ANSWER.
to
old
again,
engage,
system
is
"
in
hardly
ANSWER,
THE
to
open
without
enemy
his
sweep
in
costly
of
part
but,
;
because
it
national
be
must
beginning
of
unworthy
be
in
antecedents,
no
which
commerce
of
cost
of
our
from
But,
would
conduct
effort, if
ful,
success-
with
and
and
by
future, of that
free
;
the
become
now
us
no
sea
glory
true
Britain.
The
question then, is, whether
destructive
and
obsolete,
under
fair
To
no
and
^Ise
the
fighting,
have
we
well
and
kept
them
sea
and
on
Her
York
the
;
and
ours
is
sea
made
we
take
our
shall
tacit
the
be
The
tinued,
con-
approval.
of its need,
measure
peaceful
justly
tion
occupa-
all
to
paramount
there.
and
roads,
open.
took
messengers
;
;
but
knew,
duties
;
;
place
a
imperial
fell
full
the
in
of the
finds
that
of
barbarous.
a
practice,
sanction
objection
use
Rome
is
it, simply
improved
the
has
do
position,
a
way
for
extremely
it.
the
in
us
promotive,
means
line
a
And
us.
leave
would
do
sea,
be
to
to
the
off
It would
such
end,
to
have
not
port
every
would
done.
existence
should
we
unarmed,
It
should
we
that
shortly afterwards,
or
it.
absolutely
blockade
very
armed
flag,
every
and,
;
be
require
delay, effectually
the
of
would
That
necessary.
it would
in
Success
us.
131
have
about
about
did,
the
yet
duty,
to
many
way,
complete
forty days
as
that
of
foot
her
wherever
Our
first
it.
to
reach
,to
reach
Question.
ANSWER.
THE
132
Yet,
Sydney.
two
specks,
stones)
that
we
of
out
Gibraltar
rood
yet,
held.
Rome
Malta
and
not,
own
and
Britain,
dominion
So
and
our
(mere
of
stepping
all
the
oceanic
distinctly
duty.
"
J.
Grasmere,
February,
i8gy.
land
a
ever
our
the
excepting
T.
DANSON.
is