HOW TO USE REFERENCE BOOKS BY LEON O. LIBRARIES SCHOOL NEW YORK AMERICAN NEW YORK WISWELL STATE EDUCATION BOOK CINCINNATI Hv INSPECTOR DEPARTMENT COMPANY CHICAGO 1916, Copyright, by WISWELL LEON O. BOOKS REFERENCE TO USE HOW W. A f . PREFACE Skill in to necessary student a full the works of that Centuries by partially technical devices, result that less than they aim in assistance body no of of of use the important has dictionary, which that suggested character be given It work is some to all for been is and course the who tical prac- have this to most common. prospective had reason the this the to once of far out. devoted at with used offer For with enced inexperi- ignored, to that ticulars, par- character duty. attention some and parents this for reference in been has and filled are school elementary an teachers special training considerable book only fact voluntarily be, in this The difficult are been and generally books should have it. size, great mere mistake. a awkward do to is too use, the aggregate, really the is complicated are to the of are so persons great often are and The efforts frequently beyond in larly particucommon too This the students successful works these in and more been required. time, young the skill no or is of has It its meets library, consulting little read to wasted of art good a so early give systematic not reference. assumed ability of use school no is books from that if it does obligation training in the in information getting the most general teachers. The CONTENTS OF TABLE Library: Training What Library the Use to 9 . Books Reference are ? 13 . Special in Aids Table The References Finding of 16 Contents 17 . Index The 18 .... Taking Notes .... Reference Indispensable The Books : Dictionary How to 25 the Encourage Use of the Dictionary Words Finding 29 .... Spelling 3" Pronunciation 31 .... Primitives of Study Definitions before Classed Derivatives according to Speech Selection Second from a Series of of Etymology Significance Series of Definitions Definitions Words of of Parts of Synonyms 59 63 Words 72 76 . The Parts 64 Words Compound 56 58 . Special 25 76 .... Sections 79 Cyclopedia 85 .... 6 TABLE Reference Works in OF CONTENTS Particular Subjects : This in minds All is their focus in library. a the we the world the and of glory the all which from temple the of pinnacle of kingdoms find history world's the see may Ages them. have . . and generations wrought, all blossoms their down cast are grown, here. It is the garden of immortal fruits, dog without dragon. or Gilbert Porree. de " la TRAINING student, No to of his school if for He that in the that decides he moment world aggressive Another as learning long to rest to ceases moves and eflScient period a last. If, early achievements, past and leaves than he another doing, progress, on more person, his on that of and the the by exercises life shaU as at reminded these to period is honored is can beginning. a Commencement of process continue is to late, he or the make he he short the only can applied only industrious, within still exercises, LIBRARY and attainments superior reached period the him busy, behind. takes himself, place. Manifestly, do can habits for of one its being the comes, preparation That of education commonly has his his THE faithful course. graduating name USE however finish hope And TO no for other improvement of the is pupils to self-helpful, individual self train so them in that, when shall go school any and ways the out tion separa- strong in -improvement. single as services greatest a agency is collection 9 so potential of good a means books is LIBRARY THE lO conceded. everywhere this ; yet, while beheves do his full he is duty toward with purpose library. Lack the preparation to it as might be. tell than than the teach, easier to there finds it for ideal do task a it easier for day than to meet look to lifetime. a to pupil a himself, easier far wonder No approximated teacher, often somehow of the than prompt of the The most of the in real best suggest. to welcome and life, be may recorded the No are if he knows fact, suggestion read they how, or may are is one the more of another. for counts wisest noteworthy accomplishments they pupils appreciate offerings study possession of books his training that can he that sees time experience and mere them unless essentials the wisdom the finds helpful as comes time, gets books, supplies deficiencies,over- obtain In or often of the and difficulties, out useful as bine com- failures. are The to plans for make and do to demands immediate ahead teacher The train him to being of pupils,lack teacher, all part of the it from prevent his time, lack of the part of the on the on to charge, his pupils under the books, lack of interest of earnestly desirous difl"cultyin accompHshing find likely to is he teacher thoughtful Every thoughts and of men, but valueless. quickly turn inspiration; and nothing. The to them if his dent, stu- for private TRAINING collection is not he which school library be the profitably the school. and and libraries and is of the The the to say he is Then, if of If he not process the at to lessons ciency, end read which in mental to be in is been in order he has English, from authorities this division in any other. chiefly to learn fairlywell third to to or no he plished, accom- fourth find in books little in or acquire new ignore them, self-conceit,in of interpreting the printed of the vacuity, use taken If the child the in course credit before, he begins permitted in of inheritance in legitimatelyas this has as soon things of is earn the obserAdng every properly may the practice. of the subject. of to answers in that as function acquired by very reading by prepared find by study and course mechanical As therefore, the library properly a arise public educational an leading a is not but students first page. be for it may English as such libraries other systematic instruction assigned approve, every logicallya part periods those and use that thoughtful mind Formal chooses. ability to queries by purchase, or to should The of myriads if he importance; greatest II public are regarded training of pupils and LIBRARY THE upon library should of USE sufficient,there draw may Every means TO year, ideas. tion men- knowledge. is receiving carelessness,in ineflS- bluff. If the teacher LIBRARY THE 12 teacher, with months at most service which he is ; he is he pupils relieve the teacher of much of his be which the world and pleasure and advanced to enough they ; are only but progress. which apparent. the overestimate the reference blessed. with his beyond and books is to is a The debihtating. that or understanding interest usefulness draw there are ence experi- understanding effort to learn can books knowledge without without student learn To education. satisfaction,from The works, with appreciation good a value the benefit,and, incidentally, most that interest,and profit; upon evidence senseless try his judgment It is true no of part will receive person no labor been habitually and them reading of weak is not than other has important most help themselves impossible to good books, of the A to the success. It would most of making ability and The independently. of the promptness others himself, and being deprived of the joy of doing and discoveries read for perform to few a learning to expect from ought the on but associated will be he whom the ; then dependence in pupil is receiving lessons latter the simply gives the pupil explanations which could find, and ought to find,for himself what. some- there is little or will result in intellectual of reference works for information is BOOKS REFERENCE students and books helpful Two Study ; and How Study. to books But reading. of unrelated are intended there are the his travels, or is person that of a important other desired word passages or obscure. bridging the he refers as and or need discovery edge knowl- or If he is earnest made upon advance, which the which form it is or chasm perhaps meaning contains is to him a him obliterates makes restoringthe ; hence the unbridged an book in concise chasm he has of his A consult intelligent term, impression passage bits student, to every some the page, on information of the by particular subject. great blot of up reading, his studies, his confronted discovery is that or continuous choose intercourse, effectually blocks which that a for real information, which may understanding of some such by of social of logicalor of made some of his course conscientious, the and intended he as Art Teaching in course enlightenment frequently he lacks of the subject, In a loosely related for The and topics describe or teachers Books? related are or subject by of and imagined events, Study to Reference treat progressive order, them. How are for subject Hinsdale, are, McMurry, What Most read to this on I3 a passage. reference an of the means To it book. LIBRARY THE 14 reference which designed solely for the works are dictionaries, cyclopedias, gazetteers, Among are atlases, directories,time-tables, and concordances, each others. The indexed that any with least possibledifficulty. the works Those and Those which the which of treat Of or the a item particularsubject no which reading admirably adapted especiallytrue treatises,and of After have broader examples. special are dictionary a progressive study, to serve for advanced Whether are This works. Their by the inclusion books depends shall the on value be use garded re- that of them. the devices been tasks or arrangements mastered, of profitableways, there for of deciding ing find- still remain directingone's reading and quick what or the study books inquiries. in give greatest promise of furnishing satisfactoryanswers to is textbooks, of many such works for some reference. greatly enhanced reference intended or some is full indexes. is made fall primarily are of all voluminous for this purpose as tionarie dic- English common particularsubject a found be may or cyclopedia of agriculture,for example. books continuous arranged so cyclopedias are common relate to are technical; in this class would of music of particular general; of this class the are or of contents BOOKS REFERENCE and Teachers of duty of welcome " The on "Accessions." for should reading and be taken. books But for few a positivelyindispensable; the as buy them to means Reference books themselves students make and little will observe for such teachers or no that use school ought creased inthe as collection by perfectly accessible to all times. of will a If the the them, students alert principal investigatethe vicinity. Some expensive or to reasons than funds to to make prompt that books, reference be may to an use buy them always to in especially It is better undue for the be to amount school remembered consult from the very reading and in them limited hbrary. that, when taught, the pupils find increasingpleasure and in able profit- pretentious works, belong particularly public library. there be public Ubrary of any use It is are be may in kept are fact and of reference develops, and be at between neglect. Every in the they and available. become should where " reference,the former number for them need made books the in the to of Books be must or might use, referred or the purchase, for Physical Forms choice If for students suggestions given the paragraphs works to any with charged are selectingreference recommending books who others 15 consulting rightly faction satis- references. 1 6 THE in Only and this the and Special The is plan and the scope of the book, and author's he perhaps conditions is consulting insure the which a word theory idea an tried he to the for the He the perhaps he which it meet, reader value. reader, in purpose to of the without to on other. the index to the states that, if known matters for at one any every usually not personal writing the book, would failure. a particulartopics. preface,which It is the the in of contents on had in based, was and similar the outset, and, possibly,a intelligent, more is Reperences table of matter the which student work the If it is so, Flnding in of the to location reads formed. repeated substantially with looks He be continues Aids course book habit improved be literarytaste can way reading distasteful LIBRARY more respectfulreview. To learn should manner Life is too one to to do do tasks be short time and of the simplest part of every a otherwise. means in is too These easiest pupil'seducation. precious to aids saving time and are and allow the among so, in a any berless num- sense, of lengthening life. It will be arrangement passage observed that for the is almost the basis of the quick finding of invariably the any device or particular alphabet, or the IN AIDS Arabic numerals, Roman numerals The of study gives others. sometimes and the THE index, TABLE table of contents A topics in treated place is at the it contains book a CONTENTS of the volume. merely divisions and and course, in The Such form helps whether the likelyto him be of value a or novice, therefore,who an unfamiliar book the matter to obtain and a topics treated, on a without or any to him. glances at table of general idea or to learn particulartopic. get a fair a this in loss of time part of it, is It is only the the leaves laboriouslyturns there, overlooking the object is interest to contains, and whole, tions. rela- begins is given. moment a determine as topicsand their mutual each the volume to book in one general idea of what turn which enables monly com- thereof, aU in orderly indicate to on page table a a Most the main subdivisions usual Its chapter headings; the sometimes, however, it contains the of the summary magazine. or beginning all the described. synopsis or a in devices, the table here are OF is The advantage. to adopted useful most the both. of used devices the to 17 t)^ical works, therefore, few very of REFERENCES combination a are a Two of contents or key a one FINDING page contents, here when of its character whether of and his and it includes l8 LIBRARY THE Observe Examples: of Contents following books in the Griffis,The Hygiene; Introduction Pioneers man, THE Complementary index. This which either works most the book the index place is and most significantword exactly where includes The book to does for the to One end be but plete incom- very works, but a only topic to given makes the ordinarilyit to think be studied, and index, where find the mand de- to index, an is book. size or or each of the cyclopedia has in the which topics alphabetic arrangement the in of he passage, of the may learn if the book it. index some word the at is the contents on would The special value. pages contents in those unnecessary that of both. dictionary to of character a reference is of turn table or is of of without of page table a the alphabetic arrangement Its usual every World. INDEX to an indicates treated. Not is Life; Hudson, in the New of France nization; Colo- of Literature; Park- Study the to Brewer, Rural American Intellectual The Table of the : of Romance Hamerton, An construction the or is of value does not given topic. same purpose, also in contain The of showing whether something table course of contents ; but the in relation is useful it is compara- LIBRARY THE 20 Introduction An Hudson, Study; World; Short Method Roark, Topical of in fore part Index in back Concordance part.) Taking Taking is Teachers advice the In profitablyspend may first place, notes ; and the memory should subject this on be the If at all of the to for this written with in student and the in their only giving charge. aid an as the memory, formulate purpose to divided to fuUer recognize brief a a each phrase "notes." sentences topic title for or parts by into It should related aU be as the he aim reads it, perhaps using from titles in their consecutive condensed subjects, minor, and some degree. some of most treatment logicallybe major and other under useful the poorer cultivate. to little time a those are extended, the topics, some each to elsewhere, notes. perhaps all,may to lectures,or finds desirable the student that art an tained ob- suggestions or library,from the from Notes information of notes States; United Quotations. (Observe last named book, and Cyclopedia of Practical Hoyt, A Thorpe, Education; in History of the Constitutional in the New of France Pioneers Literature; Parkman, Study of the to the text. The order, interspersed direct quotations, Properly prepared, these stitute con- present TAKING skeleton the Skill and of the book rounded be to in into It is advised of the the the on sheet, the minor words should abbreviated. is a is schools formal record to of writing it the notebook character Notes which arranged may of the a have been is used required quite in different some pose. pura research, experimentation such of evidence a the securely in more work be may stenography Formulating it figures literary completeness is material be of understanding fixes out and right preserving them. for individual clearer a the others some making with illustration. of the in the size of sheets of note is intended margins All non-essential knowledge filingand in furnishes and and little kind a which It And A convenience There leads omitted, and tions rela- ing arrang- edge to Letters be by left the purpose. helpful. Uniformity often from above. same the little farther a items for the be used may items major that so page the eye to distances varying at the indicated topicsbe tice. prac- practicable,the that, wherever notes be than complete composition. text, in formulating topics, the analyzing discourse,later,perhaps, or full and a 21 selectingstrikingphrases, is gained by in shall NOTES record subject, memory. of the extent done. carefully collected indexed, and in themselves and may become of valuable a intend later Suppose as daily They Notes may this may or museum with the At for be part be added, the of or work, of historic outside a of record selected the or illustrated and ture lec- abstract an of account an textbook. teacher An course. the place some the as a interest visit of to a connected study. the bound lecture in phases important the by constitute done, teacher the by cussions dis- students, other exercises as providing work assigned of done besides work, of notes of abstracts contain supphed that takes He work. tory his- in course a contributed references on class end of the notes, a simply as and basis evidence of the term, The together. as use of students by way use questions material expansion to may the by this courses special subject. a reference class. in in wishes permanent a additional an teach to Whole of reference. compiled student a raised or work been have study who and LIBRARY THE 22 whole reference a of new a notes is course, of as work collected class course, notes, piece are notes, available reference, weU done. for or INDISPENSABLE REFERENCE BOOKS Let the of accent be words watched and but closely be meaning watched closely and still, their let ; ; fewer will do the work. more A few words well chosen and distinguished, will do that work a thousand when cannot, fxmction of is every acting, in equivocally, one another. John " Ruskin. the By far the work which most important children of out while and it. he which is on and fully are TO is of diminished. high shelf, conscientious and should dictionary the voluntary If it is it may almost within he easy OF in as well sits down 25 so tributing con- for reader and people extent of the dictionary. THE it another feel reach been to DICTIONARY if easily accessible; of use will student casual modern be kept subjects something and USE THE of precious well-informed large a of have wise, get companion contains variety the within results, if, when dictionary It in they storehouse men first increase more constant among ENCOURAGE not, the studious even aware The I. they number generations. contained matter HOW and Few a infinite old, simple specialist. is It is the It more student's an observing young the reading. for the understanding It is and ence refer- single general dictionary. English use, information the DICTIONARY is the knowledge it THE be better to that wUl be room greatly or hidden. on Every satisfied read, he he can a has with the consult 26 INDISPENSABLE it with little effort. in the pupil board. more first instance. A small gratifyingto lazy or the work is school the consulting the of the ient conven- the unsatisfactory, and less habit early form to have usually find wiU or when size, and provided by one students dictionaries should more larger a is for each in his personal have to inadequate, proves Advanced smaller in book to access grades plan dictionary of medium a this smaller ideal almost An elementary outfit BOOKS REFERENCE larger book reference tired muscles, but a is prehensive com- satisfying to alert, inquiring more minds. is dictionary should The 2. A repulsive. The 3. which notes chair A use. the student should be light. To volume, it on and use 4. the or chairs for the carry lap to while A kept it and any may have be it on table a other books occasion provided distance, and consulting it,is regard direction to to to that so discomfort, and strength and some dirty book attract. inquiring pupil lift of the heavy a then to hold discourage its jeopardize its safety. use of the directly,positively for be should no clean. should student oblige an The enough both suffer may had to his hold to book should dictionary large enough or reference be a teacher dictionary and to should systematically. say, "There it be taught It is is; use not it if 28 does one often." indecision and holds of steadilyto one but, if its being matter dislike stead in- task a tition repe- which with it begun. was The 7. from impulse within. ? set does both and performing ? does The 8. Every of his individual own. specialinterest ownership. This and he books for Or to look ent independ- from the trol con- thereby gladly his to discard of his lectual intel- the tionary dic- training must this standard. from one absolutelyindispensableat standard Is he and ? what warrants, have the in it will arise is is need adding should Aside tiative ini- own conscientiouslycontinue success ultimately be judged by ? passes occasion duty pleasure, or forever he as a if there he come understanding look to does habits his on else to tell him When master, act OAvn study where dependent? studious his gauge somebody when of the student intensive to dictionary should the use the he he expect or his to Does Does himself for, and a as of course. agreeable duty, an as only intensifythe may desirable imposed be use forth set a mind the dictionary is largelya of the frequent use habit; of by simple repetition, It is formed rightly regulated, it relieves and, when The BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE reference all a ary good diction- convenience from book times, and reading, the it should of sense which with form a it, of is few the DICTIONARY THE nucleus of collection a that FINDING using In spends he is without in five minutes able to be wasting time and the name findinga the thumb thumb which on page the down the thumb This letter at the the The the front edge two next bottom second and of the should plainly printed pupils tested. vices, de- two are a at exact is shown by diagonal By pressing opening the the row The the the the observed the of word book. and word the book beginning includes be for be in two book. saves first the which begins finds once that guide words. by of the step in the search words there series which time ought he acquired only by letter and at user saves top of the the top initial series particularinitial sought. should be can and the proper on abilityof alphabet arranged place,the that the each pupil a convenience, the order arrangement an letters of the rows at is index the ; and rapidly in index which For the user's assistance For If seconds, it is obvious Expertness in findingwords practice. first must time. word energy. is used letters of waste to in ten to turn alphabetic order the a WORDS dictionary,particularwords a found, and to into finallygrow may library. fine be 29 The one and at membered. re- is to observe top of each the listed and page given the whether the to determine found is to be word treated to it is easy these From it. on guides as serve so right. They the on the last words first and respectivelythe show on left,the other the on one page, BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 30 words the on page. SPELLING Capitals; Hyphens varies Usage Proper as a rule rule,begin with is often there the When dictionary. and nouns The forms correct of past student has chapter " sketch, certain classes Present than Observations the dictionary verbs. the interested national Inter- New in the includes which "Rules ", and sanctions usage parts sidered con- special historical a for spelling of words." usage former is that The to access orthography, on forms irregularplurals of of be Dictionary wiU the doubt, in more one first. participlesof who applying or given, the preferable is placed the in two them, from When uncertainty. approved spellingare indicates but capitals; words. certain spellingof the adjectives derived and names consult of to as of words did. fewer The compound or to write hyphenated tendency words the is to into parts words bine com- sohd, as hyphenated un- separate DICTIONARY THE words. for both the correct heavy and hyphens of any The consulting In are word merely are Words those to tionary Dic- hj^hens, observe are given. actually to be syllables marks. accent used in that light The such separate separated by not are only h3^hens word of use International New Hght hyphens used as the 31 writing a printed in heavy type. for observation or practice: bedtick wall birdseed war bloodhound water bookstore pig iron jack-in-the-pulpit earring mince brother-in-law shopkeeper cabbage silversmith bay bobwhite market fishhook sea baseball basket waterfowl water millstone mUl battlefield cave paper water-logged horse mock-heroic mill middle-aged pie head to-day window broken-down place post-office boot-tree rover ball ten-strike bull's-eye cress make-beHeve pond battle-ax men PRONUNCIATION If a person is to regarding must have accurate the consult the dictionary pronunciation knowledge of of the gently intelli- words, he elemental REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 32 sounds they which of also must the know and syllables, position of the voice or of which the is vocal These an vowels. the As also called called are letters The vowel preceded and of degree vocal other sounds or with As obstruction but a is vowel sonant the word vowel, to and the sound is denote or, simply, be of are or mediatel im- preceded both formed to word. the generally are, with some lips, the tongue known consonant sound ; hence so with both letter which hardly practicallyalways means are larynx. as or consonants. sound consonant uses are the These organs. ; it is used voice by the careful two that from should followed, followed, by sounds in of basis them be, and or impulse an represent which may accent. sounds vowel these sounds He into proceeding located vowels, the student distinguish between the is sound (vocal hps) cords of words impulses, the of such sonorous open sounds word a ear, succession a the Syllables into the perceived by of represented. division correct Division As is each the correct and composed, are which printed symbol by BOOKS uttered the sounding). ever name a the word certain represents sonant con- kind it. of A given separately, in connection {con,means with with ; DICTIONARY THE vowel A sound sounds consonant of the voice sound, but in Listen used the to the bases as has vocal division to effort to the the a divide the printer finds aloud, the student help convenient for this purpose about of which Of correct the course one of which the is the there in when the particularlywhen, as to wishes to word. The learn dictionary; mere of and of sion occa- all; at word to and to nounce promost consult know the at in reading how best must sounds little the writer a untrained pronunciation word divide elemental are with is little printed or intelligentlyone letters the usually learned it desirable unfamiliar an has some syllablesarises line,and a is written the of of which cessive suc- syllablesis easily perceptible into Ordinarily with difficulty end word and ear a but or of imitation. by the note as (consonants). passage The as words, obstructions by marked e syllables. of illustrative (vowel), and sound strongly also vowel a of separate impulses of the voice, each are is called letters,like final silent pronunciation sonorous and impulse or word a copper, contradict,perpendicular, and open, vowel effort one syllable every vowel not with of pronunciation of Almost some ride^are combination a uttered in the syllable. a or 33 it thing some- language, signs. person every guesses unfamiliar at the word he 34 INDISPENSABLE happens to incorrect ways and see; correct one REFERENCE of chances understanding this, or with exposing his lack in the New and "Rides Writing of Not hesitatingly un- result of hstener. every Guide "A see only ventures tion," Pronuncia- to Dictionary,p. xxxviii, Syllabic Division the Print," or training to is against him. inevitable almost the several there caring, he International for usually are are not study, further For there as pronouncing it,while the way, BOOKS of Words in p. lix. Accent is the Accent word the over is manifested increase one by stress, or the relative of duration, degrees of force of by or a Every least at accent be may primary secondary (marked immediately follow either ' or the Every spoken word has at accent. least In one many ")" of The of syllable. distinguished in but in practice (marked of a three they or late. re- syllable one primary, ') marks accent than more or than more syllables to which syllable with words of two accented one all as creases in- voice, which word many), classed a prominence combination polysyllables {poly means are syllableof one loudness, by higher pitch, by elements. syllablecontains Various to adjacent syllables. This of these more prominence given or heavy, syllables and in particularsound stand. of Dictionary ; the important marks International New that system for Americans the Obviously, used systems been three generations printed words. It illustrative for is followed in accordingly taken. who the win happens to hoped for reference in this the a one publisherswill study, given large one of the New Though each as necessary himself Standard in the one on cannot to choose that which Dictionary is that reader every wiU recognize and he that ing clearer understanda phonetic be to can chart at hand fore part class. As the The system xxxviii)consists in letter forms be for ary, of his diction- for the request. one easilycopy Dictionary (seepage marks, it nunciatio pro- expensive printed be written can send an student partly of modifications diacritical a the to system to or consults, if he he pronunciation)ought to system here, and study system. own (guideor key or the desirable different a this helped by of his is not It is kinds. many International New use of phonic basis of all systems, common be is been have references purposes the and learn which books any is to understand one should student all -educated to books reference in the of famiKar have in incorporated in in Webster's used one letters systems numerous are is the known best The use. certain for which sounds or present there At BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 36 instead of readily transcribed DICTIONARY THE with pen or an exhaustive in the It is not crayon. of study better chart; each results of practical knowledge by drillingon advisable as will obtained be it appears elements number of make to element all the sufficient a 37 if a is secured miscellaneous words. The fundamental It will be the student's aim character exactly represent in this way be and the reversed, the form dictionary promptly suggests the study This distinct the has the further and utterance It is of language. correctly, the sponding corre- It is shall only by later the process printed to sound. sign which eye. that, when each make to phonetic or it to elemental produce to distinguish it readily to is the thing given as correct preserving course well to comes in the oral form. of advantages ciation asso- inducing purity the begin with of the simplest elements. oj Names (For complete " in Common Most list see tables Diacritical in " Guide Marks ciation to Pronun- dictionary) circumflex dot . macron breve two modified - w dots "" macron cedilla tilde " ~ 38 REFERENCE rSDISPEXSABLE Vowel Long letters other and soimds " for which therefore called the it stands other sounds by a of macron vowel caUed long sounds should be marked occur, for example, In each, the name letters sound of With name is another. one the a little initial y thing, the for is indicated It The a. do e, i, o, or They u. the and letter and The same. clearly observed more or second so- they so mete, mite, mote are example, longer than no they the sound commonly, soimds when consonants This is letter, as it stands is letter,a, and same. name of name vowel letter. same in the words just paragraphs more or, the y 32. the similarly,as an Take, the also, and m in use, in which the see reaUy represent for which sound it is over other mute. between are sound, name and w of the five one of the first name long sound, though some the sounds, ate, the the somid the for All the u. that except Syllables,"page into In the word i, 0, and e, distinction the consonant Division on a, they stand For mentioned. are Sounds consonants, are when vowels are letters vowel The BOOKS 1 sound it is tected. be de- different; the it stands the may word for is make; quite the of the first letter is it stands em, but the sound for is that part of the word before which occurs name THE the vowel the lipsand Each sound which through the nose. letter may stand for different sounds with while letter stands for diacritical Following therefore few are a few distinctly, giving than with Others the eye sound needs word words with study Pronounce the by word and for rather ear produce each indicate marks it needed. as which represent k sound in make by the no sound, canceled. kuh, but toward ; then letters,i.e. those of breath consonant therefore added. attention in succession (i) Observe nor be may letter,adding diacritical be may only, and miscellaneous each correct ing distinguish- mark. practice. Silent it needs exceptions each sound one and elemental produced by closing is sound words, and marks, no and 39 directingthe vowel in different DICTIONARY that is the simply following the the correctly it back is of slightoutburst a closure the of the mouth. voiceless,while the is not or explosion vocal Wh.en sounds kay passage produced of m and a voiced. are apple" when is sounds a The The outburst The first sound aspirate. the whole word is is that (5) Listen of bug. it is not Note is is silent. a slight of the vocal voiceless breathing mere the and last sound or as duh. the only voiced last sound that the word as has the word only one lu'er. Vowel series of vowel Each a It is not the carefullyto sounds, is illustrated and and 0. Short Another is I is silent lure is pronounced. syllable; is Other carefullyto spoken. a It s. in hide Listen (4) In folks, the sound The closure following the buh. nor tuh, but nor are/, h, k, p, and consonants pure te is sounds. lips closed the by the tip of the tongue. passage (3) is not of breath he produce alone. difficult to final sound with e letters,but four in beat is not made sound final The only three elemental contains first sound voiced somewhat contains jars only or produced. are printed word The spoken word (2) it vibrates that is indicated corresponding vowel, as Sounds sounds, the so-called in the a, e, words by i,6, short bag, beg, big,bog a u. . "Adam's of the side each at observe the voiced silent. the and throat difference, place the the detect To the fingerson BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 40 breve over the DICTIONARY THE Illustrative words forms and the 41 corresponding phonetic : (4) ham ham box get (i) get exist (5) eg-zist' jump jump cape (6) kap bridge (i) brij race lint lint toque (7) ring (2) ring we ii]k quest vest yet (10) yet zon by (11) bi noz hymn (2) ink (3) vest zone (3) nose (i) It g has different latter the desire of observed mark which the is the the xxxvii. (2) Listen is not The can be identity. for the (9) kwest (12) and Guide silent letters that in ng The we same in the latter soimd. case. also that Note who respeU- bri"ig^.See tables Prommciation," canceled. have test in ink the the "soft," without to are bridge the Persons in two ring; it letters of this is that indefinitely prolonged without Observe him the j sound. representing a singlesound. it we carefully to the first sound Observe ur. " tok in get and get and in ras (8) pronmiciation words phonetic symbols page that (6) soimds, the "hard" indicate to ing may of will be boks n losing its alone stands distinguishingmark INDISPENSABLE 42 (3) Compare the former latter it is sound of is case, (4) See box is In printed word Nose of another, that has combination different may be of the this in as ; in in exist the in box. those In voiced. pairs are the same. marked of and which letters. The they note observe the less voice- are positions vocal sound Without of i. sounds two of c, regularly represented by are a quite are voiced See for stands box, both The x. race, also x gz, but sounds, are (6) In cape the sounds. that is sometimes bination com- a Though sounds, ks. exist,both for both for stands only three letters the spoken word of two from (x) which separate elemental four both for the substitution The i. letter a (5) Observe X note in sound; z. In nose. common. of two has in vest and s sound, that of letter one of hissing, voiceless a voiced a nos^. marked sounds the it is BOOKS REFERENCE respeUing, they be may other marked "eap^and rag^. (7) it Observe word (8) The or 00 does. always The in as that a last The in we would very by listeningto k sound. letters two here semivowel. wood, but is for the This sUent. are toq]4^. be marked may w q stands be classed It is much brief,as the like as 00 the learner distinct and a nant conso- in food wiU natural or ceive per- pro- Other Illustrative (i) The neither short e (e). It is not in and It positions. the how of the It in a it is not (3) The a (a), but the Any to try a in a to the is a predominates is often imitate if and fails with manner it without in in in sound several called between compromise well natural and vowel Italian vowel passage easy sound common perfect a musical most fare, it is often cultured of it he should vocal in very in task is neither a pupil who the very is ark with languages, and, indeed, but prolongation a to pronounce organs is the language. (a), short easily described, be produced with to ; knows. sound it is that open who one The sure forms long (a) nor fare is neither cannot a phonetic their and quite equivalent some (2) oj Sounds is it the student ask words in a BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 44 other Italian a, English. a (a) nor short them. Like incorrectly pronounced. these of should listen pronouncing affectation. The intently them power and to THE hear DICTIONARY be cultivated correctlymust to reproduce correctly. The an old song furnishes There that task (4) and The task sound that 6rb, so two letters here, word I, page (5) The sound from The word be may any, (7) There the is syllables,with or obscure a the of in 0 have we cases, Without smajl'. See marked is hke was was. stands e for as that of described no in note distinctive incHnation little effort to a 4. sound, those as in sounds, which the unaccented possible. novice, in is liable to miss. pronounce, in which they as occur. in the utter establishingas reputable certain words hot, . general to in 0 (e) particularly it is best entire in marked effort to be accurate, of them be that sound. same sound a a sounds, in is like other the but for that of short resulted in small may of is different vowel away. 41. and (6) In dance, sir ; care in many as practice: be avoided. to a from chance, sir, representing the respelling,the note dull the power as France, sir, to Httle are of of for how gave drive To " Both knew only And king a well as following stanza material was Who 45 This has shortened his In the very study conversation, The pronun- 46 REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE lead may sounds of long 52.) modified word then occur In arise, the somewhat dot a sound sound, but The a. In senit. even from to a is characteristic is further both the sound e, of which slighted enunciation of cellar,c has c as the sound ried hurmore so-called breve above and represented by is uttered the only short slighted. or its sound with the italic a in e with a slightedor to is a. roman shortened the italic relation is not a its task, but also an an short sound by both by of in a resembling its close indicated by indicated and the accuse, to thus (a) thus showing above indicate sound like is indicated sound enunciation In is almost obscured, The distinct vowel of the or the generations pass. as river. by senat, changes in language forms fundamental many senet alphabetic order This thongs, diph- on ordinary conversation In a. change the when ation indicating the slighted enunci- practicallybecomes i. ends a is indicated sound The long often to long which with macron the Observe : deliberately. (See paragraph page such exactly long, as it lacks the is not a (e) sound e it is uttered of illustrated pose pur- Four mispronunciation. to here are a In senate, the the syllablesfor this of separate unaccented ciation final BOOKS It is (a) to its relation the roman once. of s, and only one / is THE The sounded. it is a equivalent paragraph. marked to silent,nor e, which Without 47 is it Italian is discussed respelling,the word a (a); in another may be fel^ar. Illustrative forms: is not DICTIONARY Words for Other Sounds words and Practice of e corresponding phonetic 48 (i) There sounds of clearly distinguish the in appear the the is used to a, i and are A o distinction (2) The long followed by is to be made in euent first e It is almost e. that of thus producing This is indicated modified is used u and u to obscure them by marking to (i). i to of serve Ob- slight the syllables, form with of u. form short usage e syllables. in unaccented or be may shortened a good vowels long a between is first symbol in unaccented r equivalent it is considered enunciation of them. the modified ("^). macron (3) the Observe that full short of it is It is sound which In or the Equivalents heavier. second, the e The many. represent the first,or lighter; represent e puzzled has It perceived. Both syllable, of sounds these between difference second accenting the syllable Hghtly and not other. uttering pervert. By word in may ear the from one syllables mono- other the untrained syllables. The unaccented in r, one syllables,and accented and by it is followed where e slightly different but similar two are BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE in recent sound of e, but shghted almost printed in from italic that of is indicated general, the by use the second to to short a roman that the e the is not enimciation point of omission. distinguish this e in accented letter obscure syllables, with of italic letters in given a breve. representing THE elemental of the (4) sounds Without two of ng form hissing or form so a and another be may there digraph. bar The (aspirate) th, as n marked represent (vocalized)th voiced is marked to accordingly. but across guish distin- in thin. represents digraph representing The a the letters voiceless hushing sound. Other Illustrative : a in that, in English, Words forms th the voiceless Observe sound sh letters is to indicate it from (6) ing obscur- an signifies respelling,eight sound, and them in this system 49 sound. (5) The one DICTIONARY words for Practice Sounds and of i corresponding phonetic (i) In of e and (2) In which the u study of sir and in note forms them. two the the French, in for this letter. Sounds and the discussion of o corresponding phonetic : (i) that words see of i is from regular sound Other Illustrative elixir 48. i, page police the sound it is the BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE so When properly given, the of neither The 6 mark 6, but nor used just given, (*). is sound of is intermediate a combination 0 in softis between of the Other Illustrative forms corresponding phonetic the and u (4) fuU between on (3) 66) fool the The marking study of urn, rude, distinction the see sounds name of fied significanceof the modiof the in unite. u the discussion see of u and 48. the Note and the Note 38. i, page indicated = rood shghtly different two phonetic form (4) (u 00) the in the in note = unite macron In (u studying page (2) sur'kws (4) rude In urn (3) circus (i) ti-nit' (i) (2) urn e words of Sounds : unite u BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 52 significanceof the italic in u the of circus. pronunciation without of rude and and respelHng by rud)?^ Words full may be full. for Practice pure buU bum inure usefiil intrude furl humorous Diphthongs A diphthong is in one pronounced i in ice (a + e). a combination syllable; of two vowel as, oi in oil , ou sounds in out, THE similar A combination {= tsh) ch (= hw) in in white, of wh in rush a The h is h and the The the called w be noted na'chur and is as, with connecting indicates a diphthong. the in t or Notice d are it na't3mr, though conversation; vur'jur In the indicated with has connection familiar are or pronounced te'di-us is nature sound Examples this In wag. conversation. slightedor h. (or y) i following vowel a standards na'tur,vur'dur. out silent,though both vur'dyur, though the precedes thrown as "consonantal" te'jus; double nunciatio pro- represented by the that tedious is to be is thongs. diph- so. of the in familiar these is wh in the of h regarded it is not allowable verdure allowable bar which y), yard, = be may impure an consonantal that as and queen, white, the sound almost ted'yus, not or fact combination genius {i may curious word are semivowel been the aspirate; w in as of breath an {= kw) known in sounds, consonant are as The w. S3 of chair, qu Observe that of DICTIONARY the also ary diction- by a following that the modified less marked is sound of tie u, macron long u. Digraphs A digraph indicate a is a combination single simple sound thin, sh in she, ng in sing. of two letters used ; as, th in to this,th in REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 54 BOOKS Glides pronouncing In sounds, the voice elemental the positionof sounds the to ought or are, be detected can that which sounds and by example, in sound h to sound to the as so indicate exactly and to at the the or of intermediate letters no these binations com- these exaggerate them not prominence a For approve. in ghding magnify the word correct point for of I to the the tion addi- ui In certain able it is easy against the warn words Other would to make dictionary gives appearing give and that is that number a ear. prolong to pronouncing of not to fleeting. Yet very trained the sound represented by speakers cultured which does represented by letters, also be, to sounds intermediate voice one result are are it is easy the from The contains word spoken the in positions change, but, continuing easiest way. in the able remark- change a The organs. interruption,ghdes without next the vocal the while cease demands more or with each utters each rapidity, though of two composed word a the a'bul. mediate interfore, There- pronunciation error from more just indicated, a'b'l,the apostrophe difl"culty. form of practice are evil,gentle,spoken, people,solecism. For further is referred to study of the article pronunciation, the on "A Guide to student Pronuncia- THE tion,"to be found in the front Dictionary. with a fulhiess and DICTIONARY a The ss part of the New subject is there completeness which are national Inter- treated ticable imprac- here. Words for Marking Practice in Accent, and Dividing into Giving Phonetic Syllables, Signs 56 known It is well originalin of The simple a former that while form others home, is said word and is called so before a any placed of (See later paragraphs 72.) the primary simplest A main The derivative the this upon prefixesand suffixes word and the likened home, placed is called or is of it is based. root to a after). Suffixes,page derivative which are from under Prefixes is called is therefore simple means part of every word form on sub, and prefix {pre means a a atives. deriv- of less to the addition Any after are primitive ; derived is caUed suffix,{suf,a form latter a be to derivative. word simple and before), a a additions. by the addition homeless, being formed simple is or tion combina- a more the home by or one simple are made are and word example, For words some primitives,and are DERIVATIVES BEFORE PRIMITIVES or STUDY BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE or the plant, of the branches. course In its stem. which THE is It be DICTIONARY readily seen built that derivatives, aU several is It follows of word primary in student dictionaries,while derivatives. to write,is in the basis a of many knows who another and be with an added he interest and a that is which is knowledge contain of the as means form, he or common and a it, pupil essary unnec- derivative one to it. it appears writing; as of quite fully in this after recognizes it as a already partiallyacquainted, profit are of those correspondingly of of which are creased in- primitives should modifying particles, suffixes,beginning with use, many key a only relieved of much but is generallygiven Wherever increasing knowledge prefixesand common word his attention which There gains treated less space idea study, to effort one script,serves the given learning the meaning derivatives. comes his To form this is not word word primitive carries of course, be example, scribe,which For modified ing understand- it is based. always are common the central should derivatives the Besides, primitives to at may modifications. thorough a a as varying which on of aU meaning in the the so, for in doing primitive the the another one that, for the sake of economy a having derivative,specialattention a the to with presented primitive one upon idea, but all differingfrom idea 57 those fuUy defined in most in every 58 INDISPENSABLE REFERENCE These large dictionary. that in as used are generally means of il,ir, im ig, to harmonize or therefore which to the simple and is well within corresponding noun form to tion of the illustrates words. the The of this use change of the or to n for the m on, which the mind, the pupil (not impure prefixin or specificappHca- any word scribe In- Having on. in meanings understand to form first letter write fundamental prepared the the it it is attached. broadly, a writing within means, takes with means literally inscriptionis the adverbs, where It sometimes not. primitive word in the and in, within, into,towards adjectives and in except on, illustration, For over. prefix generallymeans a ' or als word-building materi- are and over BOOKS pure) adjective,and an sake of smoother pronunciation. DEFINITIONS CLASSED ACCORDING TO PARTS OF SPEECH A word that there in any used are sign of far language. to though the is the represent related sense result several, or ideas. in which ideas more The idea, but it is well known an a The word than is that speech a. (adjective),cdv. (adverb),etc. it belongs,as is to n. words is often different many, first step in is used are word a even of to which there indicating give the part (noun),v. (verb), A verb is further 6o as INDISPENSABLE a is used noun notice " " " idea may bear the as The often head. will,directs and the next step directs the or leadershipor honor phrases indicate for reasons Aea(^ of cattle ; the head head It the of of a a of the other which a it that or or a its seat in such a intellect,through the members of the known body, who to a person the as head So, of profession. The of uses place a ; ; the the procession ; the head of AeoJ a of for following word, easilyperceived cabbage stituti in- an the head as common Aetw/ of steps applied has army. will be the of stream a ten : bed ; the nail. might be argued with application of things became of it is called head the word the ment. develop- to it in form the the the of of to upon as others, head example, the head the As apply to commands or hair to controls was attached intellect,which referred wise a of original division resemblance growth hair. order upper are in the quite possible by successive was fancied or The within, is word the it is cases the to things that real of some ways, definitions perceive the to body, function. phrase In applied other thirty different through all of them First some head but BOOKS lettered or elsewhere as to than more traced. be human in the numbered dictionary, here REFERENCE is very the word same confusing show some and to of many difficult to reason that different learn, but ; THE there is not the and easier than The fundamental unifies it and and is a idea effects a this is far word new marvelous in series in vocabulary There everybody. similarities detecting figurativelyin idea. every economy to this 1 simpler for every ruiming through a pleasure words using learn that corresponding rehef a even sHghtest doubt to 6 DICTIONARY and to manner ia express them. Definitions when the different similar have or lettered are a appHcations marked illustrations,see For rather numbered than of the word characteristic lamina, despot closely are in conmion. and i, table, n.,9. the For further classification the word of definitions some which subjects to the another, One Agriculture). " See also given by they apply. race. Hort. inquirer, the the is Zool. ing indicat- See, for ample, ex- is headed definition (Ethnology); another, Ethnol. still of assistance (Zoology);and (Horticulture and Agric. division, quarter, group, distribution. It perhaps of usage a word is not of is that state as (obsolescent,that objectionablefor ordinarilyto be formal avoided. every Archaic, Obs. use). Slang, Colloq.(colloquial), or is and to that is characterized (obsolete),Obsoles. out necessary is, passing Dial, speaking or lectal) (dia- writing Its appearance in 62 the dictionary does but merely is There to the in a serves series. In reputable standing, a and lexicographers as among Webster's of the definitions International New dictionaries other might be described standing,what warning. a of arrangement nearly aU and the as tionary Dic- of good chronologic order, just illustrated,is followed. historical or record a disagreement order it give not as best BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE it,after the etjmaology,the originalmeaning first,then plan the the key whole series order An that is presented is to placing first,for of the idea of New seeker, the definition at extent some with the the this By by convenience Standard the of the word used. commonly most meanings. comes of this is followed reverse Dictionary derived the to beginning. the as later the In It is obvious that, in the study of any word having is required to discriminate definitions,care several between that the various definition,if any, particularpassage of of correct of which meaning apphes in mind. judgment, sound practice in use shades This and to and its select in the use calls for the is therefore thinking as to weU as cise exer- excellent in the correct EngHsh. Among the numberless definitions which characters in every items of interest other large dictionary includes fiction,legend and mythology, than are histori- THE cal names, and Lady the of Roses, others be the the most at the end is or clear combination given term by with little other that little is not after both words is proper a begin name. /. with by inserting definitions,when which, in each technical or the In as that a a down fuU, but the is whole. second to the by little repeated represented of Little capitalsbecause Observe, too, each is followed groups case made words; observe the binations com- sions. expres- be meaning first group in case, of the Many auk, which printed its initial letter is be considered pairs or crowding information separate and little, to tions defining combina- the the must group Bear, and Note could by defining begins of one idiomatic instance or of series tried while One definition. are illustration, see world. the lars particu- have accurate form. words more no with second a subject of In all the readers regular series occasion, so to describe of pages of the is the main Little of DEFINITIONS of condensed of two series Shalott, Wars dictionary makers convenience in For the OF task long a hundreds quite of SERIES in which there tration, illus- For etc. It would many variety. Sleeping Beauty, Prometheus, Lake, Lady SECOND serve in great Micawber, see 63 DICTIONARY the Bear, couplet alphabetic 64 INDISPENSABLE of order words the makes finding of the easy the follow immediately that which little, word common BOOKS REFERENCE particulargroup. any In this series may be the same definitions marked for illustration an h. begins It with of two which of one group, the other and a found is the couplet littleking. dead, study, further For bring,break, point. come, Practice Who in the divide cold flag wave track ; ETYMOLOGY " done in the should learn have various of at an races some to " elementary ancient and of the bread salt-rising is the sometimes side in- of "the not been already students English words varied times, that of City grades, the origin, that has ; DEVELOPMENT) AND they that nationalities, of them the ? (ORIGIN most ; continental a meaning schools,if it has that change, ; Europe" is Which is the WORDS upper different whole bring to the advanced In and What of What signal? or of OF Gentleman of the Love? " Groups Mask"? Iron committee ; Brotherly use "First the was "Man cold,light,public, common, see all the in now came from tion pronuncia- in different countries livinglanguages rapid, sometimes dergo un- slow, THE words and that the mind, character, and who the 65 DICTIONARY of any language are index an experiences of the to people them. use "Brief The which in appears International It is not of History the the fore EngHsh be Dictionary,may to be of part expected that a Language," Webster's read with student wiU New profit. this at stage dig deeply into the subject of philology,but little general knowledge native language ought of word him The of each given and within condensed the page word as of and page process. meaning the of the on to later it, the word this for both traced of each it constitutes up to are a whence times, Somewhat the development described of Parts Series parts of sort a recent earher or used, is was development from back word, language in which "Significanceof "Selection 59, pleasures foreign languages, or This attaches to system his been early forms brackets. paragraphs 72, and words, its etymology. interest a the history or, in other same of the significantpart it came, wonderful has ancient more statement a words most or one and deeper a daily. use origin of through and to that his necessities signs which compel in of his development give him to intelligentinterest more of of the a of in Words," of the tions," Definisame 66 REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE In his study of etymology the scholarly specialist the languages in which notes finds that the languages meaning, and, evolution the govern of existence tribes and has whose with and science attention no pays most to a and rare etymology. middle in He definition ground. perhaps If the He oft the word public With will hold school will at recurring brackets, comprises parts, he will observe he wants and of has ing. mean- be dictionary might the the given within each. hasty duced re- fifth its size. one student of it. has who language and of art modern common his purpose simple and mind need, who patience for the study of fine shades The of between immediate dictionary only the gives to as the superficialknowledge, for the For take prove to relations is for the concern little taste little that who unscholarly person the narrowly practical, contrast, the is contented only the laws deduce to races. only glance and language, and strong leaning toward a quite separate changes in form unknown hitherto marked who of appeared, has sometimes are result,is able a as word each the exact origin,traces in racial In BOOKS this the least observe form of the and two the the or form fundamental key not college will or more and the word meaning cant signifimeaning information only to the accom- in 68 REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE is definition quite BOOKS and correct is plain as phrase the at end, it until word defined is illuminatingpower an one and the fact, the word In the that events boy every his Caesar's the in every with the has who or girlwho of Latin read has Commentaries, will Roman far the up observe Romans now called the language with and The with a it became illustrates dictionary how hints that the the of or as from all took of may our sometimes historic a others slight change part in modified of the events quered con- the name it would wars, and passed, years provided they English a one of They Romans, French correctly, that part in them. long ago of great expeditions and in tive appreciacame prevailing language As enough conquered Gaul, including France, and the natives. for those the language through form, became of the translation French. is word. history, and Latin the the of it to history advanced take that the use crusade Latin, name, There understanding that the word know what first used. history of most to study of it forth. called student The was in the is familiar who person it way means etymology the understands tame and incomplete somehow seems illustrative the expected; yet, notwithstanding be could as in very be ferred, in- active adopted the pronunciation language. get and from other This the in- THE fluences coined that have them language one A few brought of out old, and additional from the Greek of Teutonic the has ninth, being derived nine. The word in this In the month, just before list of with This counts ac- Liverpool, from our Novembris or Latin novem, is understood. in the dictionary may abbreviations of the dictionary. the ninth was March. began had its origin in luna, Under the word the changes formerly of month, the year as Lunatic moon. the body the dialects,as some November days of the Romans, of understood, as means the main first nesday Wed- honor used (scilicet), the by referringto inserted from sc. connection, b). down mensis, meaning abbreviation The in November means phabet, Al- silent in standard come forefathers. Saxon subject. and neighborhood word dicate in- of the in d, now still sounded of and peoples." of the in the given this day, named the but The found of scope (a dialect from selected beginner beta English, be the letters,alpha and for the presence heathen interest names comes Woden's England. etymology, the "highest god the of from was in passed them great number the widely it is seen, two words, perhaps new have examples dictionary,will perhaps more forth another. to promiscuously 69 DICTIONARY the name of the lunacy it is explained that of the moon were supposed to and sometimes mind the affect BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 70 of intermittent insanity. Quart, fourth, and so of a of an was old " Enthusiasm words en, now often from two overlooked Peter. The words, after and as and of word the fine a origin, Petroleum is was strikingly of the one Apostles, into man in part same his walking so suggests named sea; observed. hand, running manu, the other the on stone, will be or of Greek first part the to with inspiration meant dictionary, of meter, therm, heat, illustrates and making be bird, supposedly pages of contraction on was for sea part oleum, oil,and of of use several measure, a fourth rock, and surname convert repeated through a The petrel,a petrify,to The oU. in allusion Peter be to forgotten. or recurrence in as one That old words, petra, by Christ it is theos, god, and literallyrock used like quarter, meant primarily spiritwithin. kind a parting, "God at is based in, and divine a is is found of address form ye. by called because gallon. Good-by produce to the phase one of economy early learning the etymology of words. Certain classes of words interesting ways. taken name which way have Some geographic secondary meanings, of a winding meant some made as river in Asia in biographic originated in names at first the and damask, meander, Damascus. have have names Mmor, In come very a similar into the THE language, land boycott,from as agent, and nobleman been who set because adopted ancient Israelites first to imitate the mamma, conscious of others being that familiar are verb form fly; strength,from The words some before. fire. of study Volcano The of steam and giant forges at word cereal men were could whom the very and not it is not it was and forms flight,from the plants Ceres. the mountains. a the in the it to came earlier of of a a to growing to rude which divine us the this ages they spirit through Greek, and nymph, his The mystery phenomenon, Echo name ancients goddess attributed existed escaping jets the the is us Vulcan, god of surprising that this that ones to grow given has earth, and indicated language from earlyage at parts of speech, Roman Ceres, the explain,and called the the impressed by they Latin How modified mythology beneath is from vegetation. day, of work used strong. is from smoke, migration were different put life into old rumbling exodus, child's first half- of shove; ancient has or signiiicance, the are many as have hiss, crash as of the one Very utterances. shovel,a modified as sounds English an and Some Egypt. similar last historic describe to Irish an Some coats. password, used from of name in of their a literally going out, of the the style a 71 Capt. Boycott, raglan, from shibboleth, an as DICTIONARY at a daugh- INDISPENSABLE 72 Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined ter of Air and nothing until away left of her was has PARTS OF SIGNIFICANCE As BOOKS REFERENCE significantforms, basal WORDS OF learned, there been three are called forms voice. her but classes stems of roots, or suffixes. prefixes,and Prefixes The that a part of own. In has lost its word a build part is about brought words, and new the of some fact old word an also its which illustrate the by combining parts with ease the which, in the significantparts may unrecognized. pass A ab, meaning from or ar, as, at) " " to, toward cor) col,com, " (of) after ; pre It sup, will (ac,ag, al, am, ad ; circum in, into ; " " sur, be before sus) ; observed letter of the stem, ox ex ; con (ef) " {ig,il,im, ir) in " through " (red) back " that changed or around ; sub ap, an, ; {co, out ; not ; post " " [sue,suf, under, after. " prefix is sometimes re " e ; against, facing ; per " sug, ; with, together " (il,im, ir) ob the the significanceof a individuality. They study of words, in have may cases many changes in form to prefixes illustrate following common to some the to last the other same letter as letter whose of the the first sound THE harmonizes in as with will also in the a as This change such toward, meaning a person under Any one the force who but draw; with a as a others suffer. whole heavy like draw attract, to as case has for euphony, derivatives Some word the of port. p in im- and m speech be difficult to pronounce to is the as of organs sake hear. bear, and figure of bears. tract thought, to means the would to represent sounds example, is for words adjacent letters two the easily understood, are little For It in-port,import. ; the with stem, ad-tract,attract; just described position. disagreeable these that same otherwise first letter of the accuse; produced are 73 sub-fer,suffer ; perfectword in the or of the observed be both and that ad-cuse, properly ob-fend,offend that DICTIONARY to require Fer here presents the which he burden reallysuffered can ciate appre- of the word. Additional Prefixesfor Study hydro bi poly hemi psycho anti pro epi dis ante mono counter Observe as that prefixes all by a See such hyphen. distinguishing them words. listed when separatelyin forms This from are mark the same counter, for example. the dictionary immediately is one forms means used lowed folof as INDISPENSABLE 74 While the it is wise study of is profitable, of it in number a leaving it. before of words prefix alone any practical use make to BOOKS REFERENCE Suffixes Less, little of; of it is called (whence ly, like; has other mind, the words adverbs let, ; en, made who, that which With these meanings readily understands more the make fy, to superlative degree one er, ; the contain that the meanings). student ; diminutive) ; a indicates est adjectives and (italso in without, free from means corresponding suffixes,as homeless, beautify,booklet,golden, brotherly,lightest, baker. Like proper alphabetic prefixes,sufi"xes order in It is to be noted is listed separately distinguishesit to select each and as a define suffix that he has may Additional ful y (ie) the also or of every before h3^hen a given body that too suffix. one are The student more words in their the tionary. dic- suffix that it. This is advised containing study. Suffi-xes for Study metry itis ness oid ish logy some ward ee able dom ship ed ite WORDS COMPOUND is called one as of two combination A used familiar long and The them. in the the connect to or distinct more word. compound a BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE 76 is of prevailing usage except the warrants usage used Hyphens words component words are where omission of indicated course dictionary. Illustrative Words headlight so-called snowball heart-rending snow-bound hard-hearted SYNONYMS Synonyms the same do meaning based on already of the or their general origin in different been observed essential same words have meaning. exactly the though they same agree in significance. Synonyms different metaphors. by language having same application,even broad have two any or often words nearly the or Rarely their are the languages It has student or are doubtless that, when DICTIONARY THE resolved words their example, based the on is from carry figureof by space is from the burden a toward and being is Saxon, which only that with in each discussed at the and a of made use a person head or the from one Anglo- the stump and between of be can a moved re- the several of synonyms is tions regular series of defini- is a of the synonym expresses the which ; of culture and, conversely, the is an evidence training in English, of inabilityto ideas, or most of the meaning indication marked inappropriate word between obstinate words, following the caption Syn. discriminating mind an across ; and opposed of groups of the aptly writer or be end the accurately and borne face picture of of hundreds Manifestly, be a synonjmi Again, is undesirable to of the one a in difficulty. distinction speaker being stubborn, derived presents the tree, something of Latin, is and removed suggests the figure of approaching thing to of its synonyms words the beast. a French standing persistentlywith an The Old burden a or person the Latin animal or a English many metaphors. it,gives the idea of of of very while transfer, from (cart), car use elements, condensed are For a into 77 of gross make of lack tinction fine dis- indifference and carelessness. The Enghsh language, being composite and draw- 78 REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE ing its vocabulary from in rich culture high civilization and ideas. study of the The of cultivated utterances stock one's simple together. A yet quite A child or apple as good, other than but so lacks good, as this such as sound of synonyms more or There know are of good, would Synonyms see. High, tall,lofty. Raise, lift,elevate. make more in such the satisfying. for chief priate, inapproof ways being consulting the a Practice an word The it is : application and many without suffice describe him. go ish, child- suitable in its delicious,both definite,clear and Look, here that not the extend almost an most to broad the substitution and widely might occurs with ideas, for they of the adjective is definiteness. may of of listeningto will adult being that it is very one and untutored that which range must difficulty slang that objection to narrow and' illustration common an a persons of words both ideas dictionary together reading of good literature the those exactness produced. have denotes vocabulary small A with of elemental modifications innumerable peoples, is peculiarly many expressing of means BOOKS tionary, dic- specificword, a case statement being far THE DICTIONARY 79 Whole, total,entire,complete, perfect,intact. Content, satisfy. Custom, habit, usage, practice. Fast, rapid, swift,fleet,speedy, hasty. immense, Enormous, pendous, huge, vast, prodigious, stu- gigantic,colossal. Brave, ous, gallant, daring, vahant, valor- courageous, hearted. bold, heroic, intrepid,fearless,dauntless, stout- Above, over, Abandon, on, desert, forsake, leave, quit, forego,resign,give Calm, beyond. upon, up, tranquil, renounce, surrender, relinquish. placid, peaceful, cool, serene, composed, collected,unruffled. Tire,fatigue,exhaust, jade, fag. SPECIAL Gazetteer or references it? the Where desire is it? of name having the would be now it be further large How at the hand in of the existence of gent intelliWhat are tions ques- convenience the many this is should How These highly appreciated by aware which is it? pronounced? just answers full periodicals are information. frequently arise, and that not and places concerning to readers Geographical Dictionary of travel Histories, books of SECTIONS of dictionary who section. are INDISPENSABLE 8o The of system Webster's REFERENCE of much is given in thousands, even in Dictionary makes information within example, for Observe, space. used abbreviations International New possiblethe condensing small and signs BOOKS as 9 the that lation popu- (9000) or 6,581 (6,581,000). for Practice Names Adams Cheyenne Fukushima Aden Dardanelles Ghent Baalbek Dead Gizeh Barre Dry Tortugas Gloucester Beirut Dwina Herculaneum Berlin Echo Cadiz Florence Karlsbad Cavite Friesland Mecca long is the How of ? occur? Hastings of the Canon Amazon York of New State Sea What ? When and How many Ithaca name Jerusalem is the of the area did the battle where different tions applica- given? are Biographical Dictionary This contains persons, pronunciation of and death. that The the the of names thousands slight description a each name, omission person was and of the the of the worthy note- each, the dates latter livingwhen of of birth date cates indi- dictionary THE published. was spell or to included which he has only a or list, part, a know to he of identification in for of wise, other- or lived, he this section Pepys Pindar Gail Ptolemy Hamilton Geikie, the geologist Recamier Irving, the Rochambeau actor Stanley, the explorer Junius Mascagni, the was each Welsbach composer Lincoln born? and Browning to words Muir Goethals bear of Practice John Fiske Robert name Mendelssohn Fouque When he any desires. Addams John few period how of name a effort,find Names Jane certain the full wants in what moment's preciselywhat is not wants or the purpose wishes with can, student correctly the in the descriptionfor or If the pronounce person 8l DICTIONARY Elizabeth other, and relation What Barrett is either of did Browning them living? Arbitrary Signs (Used Words are representing the in writing and chief, but ideas. In the not printing) the section only, on means of "Arbitrary 82 INDISPENSABLE " Signs given are used in likelyto are in the and to foUows as of the some BOOKS of the many occur person classed REFERENCE technical and arts signs sciences. reading of monly com- They sional non-profes- any require explanation. They are : Astronomical, botanical, chemical, mathematical, medical, meteorological, miscellaneous, monetary commercial, musical, typographical. and Observe the alphabetic order Some {Used t Additional in Webster's obsolete means basquette,which of-date form by IImeans from be a New International variant this that In the the word printed in itahc see mademoiselle. which For shown New first term be an the see out- tionary Dicdouble immediately following it The and letters fiance; joins have is to Standard that if used viva voce; New a Standard it would the same missing, the word is usually in EngUsh. la carte; attache; For tains Dictionary consign. corresponding distinctive (the sign of equality)means that it example, and obsolete, no = Dictionary) variant. foreign language example, of. sign is of basket. dagger (f) means terms. Dictionary Signs dagger (f) means the of these the meaning. used as two terms Where the the subject 84 of a golf,ship, saddle, under illustrated picture,as BOOKS REFERENCE INDISPENSABLE sextant, elbow. Illustrations Pictorial Words well serve understood, but mind the to which the have best. would as then, fail to section a give as from the Each of them the near main classified in given inserted that the of and grouped alphabetic at the order each tive locomo- illustrations, features book, under of in each of them and similar of pictures and section. are All these index subject is appears a other. the of the repeated. which selected national Inter- pictures, are each definition to New of by subjects, begiiming pictures in the merely related tion descrip- a necessary dictionary on are of of Webster's and of the are idea of it ient conven- of himdreds corresponding that most pages of purpose, picture a the an like in its pages. end is named picture. These objects and many body given the page the or Pictorial it would. Dictionary both clear they abound dictionary, and In example, highly important are it For picture of a of latter the For model the objects picture is usually A obtain. to material ready al- are clearly present cannot seen. object itself,a serves a been not they of ideas that represent ideas to are are which is Observe arranged in THE order alphabetic subject the pictures of by of it their classed insects, under If, for example, names. be inquiry are 85 CYCLOPEDIA farm under machinery, the agriculture;if it be zoology. Following the order, the pictures of insects follow the fishes,and the great be compared with in may animal an fiea follows the By ease. some After the of which name of reference of It object known. cyclopedia (variously it may several. The indicates the be all of in the of it,and up of of the included, the if only mechanics electricity, technical. in work a or ments depart- one ment, depart- of the plan as last part, If aU is called music, the is a well pedia, child, indicates work. in or cyclo,circle, name, department one aU volume, one the often most subjects in comprehensiveness character cyclopedia ; special or on published bringing educational are or information first part completeness is, the generally and most contains knowledge, and that pictures, Cyclopedia dictionary, the consulted. the is not here may of the means Note cyclopaedia,encyclopedia, encyclopaedia)is the work as dragon fly. easilyidentifyan cases The written the pictures of variety of insects,fishes,etc.,that also,one or the alphabetic the ments departgeneral included, work as is called 86 INDISPENSABLE articles the skiU to select the indicate little subject of do practice,to in mind, the student in any This series he of page the last right volume in tops of the if he is volume of each or in the the volume. finds next begins by observing which in the are about the the printed dictionary. seeking information it as indicate They hand, he as pages article. the guide words two their abbreviations or volume which treated article the with subject word the him. and shall it is easy, contains back the words example, the shelf before which on guide at the the With more or on subject and With this. by observing the does on Generally it. that noun, a article judgment the has one desired any by dictionary the first determines two their abbreviations stands with appropriate word, an order alphabetic find to one cyclopedia,provided in the first in all article,and separate a famiharity will enable therefore in arranged are sMght topics. A a treated topic is Each BOOKS REFERENCE For Benjamin Franklin, he looks first for Franklin,then for Franklin, Benjamin. If he wishes II, he looks first for is careful treats of country. to the then for whether king of England The title,king, is considered name, Again, Henry, about note to a know to the or of King Henry Henry article a king of II, and before some him other subordinate Henry. suppose the subject of inquiry to be the THE classification of ; he races of may these on that mankind and then in finding difficulty have topics,though the trying point 87 CYCLOPEDIA he select the He to would be may the be to little though the a or and find to in the the applies is headed is hint, though be can obtained reference cross word exact is to word would the tion defini- the This tion abbrevia- always not at wanted. consult race, Ethnol. such that matter right direction, for word the try race, This, however, itself,the under that a only satisfaction obtain to then may end. See Ethnology, gives the way characteristics, sportsmen. lead no dictionary. There, be case.^ the the Though dictionary of department one language, and that the overlap The student would reference. and should the of scope there, be professedly a only, character it has warned probably prevent his so that that word fairly broad so cyclopedia well-trained misspellingof the in English it is the even the finding of by work the become by it and fields covered here is knowledge though distinctive, the word to article short Another 1 He expecting of interest prove from and fident con- right subject word. only doubtingly, quite The try classification, mankind, disappointed. be thing any- something. may be characteristics may contains work is to the and a the subject desired 88 INDISPENSABLE and name a make technical Zoology ; Statues of each couplet first is more individual proper but only not the a a of is worthy cyclopedia. By article for further If the search To which a of that insertion directed of a the to cussion discross right in choice. err it may difficult, give is always be pursued on to any be subject found in singlearticle is to lose sight of the fact that, for the of the parts, each of reader, many which subjects are is inserted alphabetic place by topic heading. a extended all the information cyclopedia can convenience in Both interestinggame. suppose a at all is dictionary, a to to second art. an in The applies the or study if he happens proves thing. of any the members and definition For Animals two same science reference, the inquirer is often sort The the mean applies to second things. conditions, while subjects in a to common a Numismatics; distinctivelyconcrete and are or Sculpture? or do between for related name objects or broader as add to sometimes, for must choice a shall it be Coins example, or of range it is for him guessed, one be now may subject word, a the wider will of it. his store As easier the knowledge, one's The service. better give the work which occasionally uncertain are persons BOOKS REFERENCE fine opportunity for the student to in Here exert treated its proper may be his power THE of selectingthe general Fish general Both maybe but, even do and where they from the in each Some short long articles which of references. are widely in small and others are adapted to together of the Additional Fish headings others. into paragraphs is headed with facilitates the pronunciation and selectinga cyclopedia for it should differ are the or the finding etymology indicated. sometimes In The This articles two numerous which specific. resources the or cyclopedia; inquiry. divided it treats. is the the of and of broad used, the so under are example, one in the other, and found chapters, each topic of discussion field Culture, Fisheries,Cod For terms, exhaust this be may choosing between other, which are means any cyclopedia articles related are subjectsfor by not arise in reference. specificterm. a including different very synthesis,in promising topic for Trout and of process difficulty may term and reverse most similar A a the analysis,or 89 CYCLOPEDIA be borne and in mind and character well-educated ground Little confidence and Some adapted for purchase, or cyclopedias tary elemen- are to children; exhaustive, and adults best are ; still others occupy preferable for general are is to that size. well are scholarly and middle reference be placed in high-sounding titles,for they give some evidence that of use. bear being INDISPENSABLE go largely work the guide of the Even owing cyclopedias rapid been After "year books" of main the is his the to Other devices have been from the printing. To books, meet to tried. year The of to a a edition new of obtaining subjects main of later age not of from must one by work difficulty old. the accumulated then, any, real volume of into the times, new the some the copyright, a year sure, of if the with pace of be difficulty this meet extensions on reading year discovery incorporated information supplement invention, substance work. trustworthy as in every and the period, a serve unreliable, keep To corrections containing paste. become How issue publishers some should and soon progress study. a shears publisher development. long has with purchasers. best the to social and the intending to novices of reputation The BOOKS REFERENCE ence refer- publication. just a mentioned work the dates year of Science, all the in that has man of sufferings the world," world we of move philosophy, literature, art, done, a the " hundred with There, the " all crowned " are realities, among kings of has man has that experience generations, books. that all " been with bought garnered in thought, up " a for substantial thought. Edwin " P. Whipple. us GEOGRAPHY breadth The list of its physical of chief and works school largely textbooks publications that is to change for atlas reference is of and becoming of collection and bound increasing marvelous the a is lives interest riches of travel one and in each the great in every are a swift whole scriptiv de- high reference The of conditions specially arranged volume. world of men all. to 93 times of is in The by the tion communicaand more any work a when Whatever region. other Such means community. open for the questioned. in these of character and Some treat of maps usefulness inventions subject, required. not be voted de- ATLAS THE The this well serve of may reference character. popular is man political treatises upon treatment old a geography, of of phases some a books exhaustive accuracy which of college and when to by geography. special depend must suggested biological geography, are exclusively is mathematical commercial there Though subject divisions, geography, geography, student this one more affects region beauty is and REFERENCE 94 and definiteness The anything that results atlas be in frequent in the demand is, of history in the that aid the and making, would newspapers of current study lack and student traveler. the to of It is events, without in of use substitute a the necessity to a history, and and geography Unless memory. it is employed, the explains why of by improved understanding an retentive more a in ideas one's of decidedly increased are This learning its location. the clearness place has SUBJECTS PARTICULAR IN WORKS its interest and value. in Perhaps of contents table and For end the index of contents maps, index and gives the page point any be may of reference are the table The so-called alphabetic list of all the essential. so an which on the on or each is to be found. difficult to map consulted. volume of the work other no This may elsewhere. find, the appear it the In the at places (mountains, rivers,lakes, counties, cities,etc.) are inserted in alphabetic order atlases, the some names in are standing separately. Just map page, on which and and by maps vertical look location the is indicated Usually to a lines. on divided The classified,each after each is indicated letter and are general list. one it of a name, number by the In class the or place sought figure. into blocks spaces thus by horizontal formed are GEOGRAPHY lettered horizontallyand vice versa, place 95 that so location the indicated be can numbered by vertically,or of nam" . ing the horizontal vertical the strip. intersection indicates the the letter a information in rivers,the which cient, suffi- are accompanying and It is also the the index condensed itself form, such of civil divisions area diagram. statistics maps. in X Thus contain as " strips found. the give to of in well as the figure atlases matter at within be a B^ Some block space and as the of will place strip and The particular any descriptive sionally practiceocca- little a as and the the special length tion popula- of cities. Political boundaries, lines and men are the need consulted may be other is The up-to-date. each are is followed the development the Some on work which idea of its wUl of ; hence is to be reliabihty by observing the date of copyright. obtained gazetteer is names and that assurance THE A transportation,population things dependent subject to change of of a GAZETTEER dictionary of geographical names. arranged by one in or alphabetic order, more paragraphs and of 96 by to regarding statements THE This is of the railroads different a given region. The subject to frequent change. learning to plan road, one or recognized. by an or continuous two on be atlas a a or observed. train schedules It bear may course, trip by are train on be of any connecting roads, more a- practicalvalue guide should The be schedules, of These name. the containing in subject are GUIDE RAILWAY booklet a that matters copyright should of change, the date misled against being guard To descriptive text. SUBJECTS PARTICULAR IN WORKS REFERENCE will supplemented map. Literature Of of reference works are books and have illustrations mentioned, there Baker's A New and are Children's gies antholo- many literary wholes classified of the Skirmev's Books Library of Poetry into of and volumes able valu- most quotations, concordances, selected As the literature, collections other been needs. of in to various meet class numerous Selections that last ing, for Memoriz- of Poetry, and Bryant's Song. Some each. Merit are tended ex- varies widely. AU will agree that no collection can be a satis- LITERATURE factory substitute standard classic or practical value by of of persons is for complete authors good book works of sifted from value its force his or select words compiled sound that ment judg- passage, wishes and a a obtain to identify to other to text, light on read the quotation, and expression which any in and gleaned a to reen- ence refer- enjoy the it contains. using it is easily taught, but with be It is of great obtain allusion,or simply thought been complete to ful use- should one centuries. who most wise, witty, forceful have writings of of the one of store a person find a as key verb a a which or better. is great facilityin of work reference, acquired only by practice. To a the been and least at composition, to own of art quotations is sentences consulting it, as is of the some QUOTATIONS literarysetting, to an of gems a OF It is the of learn have literarytaste reference, and the to author The of library. graceful or of freelyconceded. good every works quoted, yet that many BOOKS A 97 kind an He of particular quotation, it or guide at least one the of the contains, preferably a adjective will then turns index, and, to sometimes the if the seeker noun, be as must principal though good or concordance, which key word is present. gS it finds in of feature key words quotations words in the even seeker The that the is successful in passage he very the less time Suppose a to earth book of he a that Hoyt's key instance. words The can of number of be in done information truth would truth concordance, and reads the cerning con- being crushed help Cyclopedia of his as farther the among identify the indistinctly. Almost select may pose Sup- Practical tations Quo- key word, down phrases him. any find in its proper discover may a : t. crushed The need general quotations has mind, tell it. about recalls he in and, if he to This occurs. has phrases. he has learn to key is observed it occurs, required to student alphabetic place line which it strikingsentence He it in the and wants is than word in which which succeeding lines search, is able his which on page order the particularkey phrases in brief of these glances down next the contain observes connection arrangement taining con- found, it gives enough alphabetic The cating indi- to quotations where be to the show to book the are used. are is that, in addition concordance places in the distinctive A alphabetic place. its a SUBJECTS PARTICULAR IN WORKS REFERENCE to earth are often passage shall rise 621 abbreviated he wants /. as is in the this 6th WORKS REFERENCE lOO selection / "Some and on are page 287 he finds the born great, achieve have some knows now Act that Shakespeare, and Night, in Act (index) in Bartlett's Flood and leap into arched the of mortal shadow taken lies order In those in work, by the by, 150. ice,yon, 473. the, 640. fiery,48. likened the their first treating of the The as key accompanying this concordance the, 115. at that by the no. floating on passions are several line 157. at ills prevailing, 770. Floods, bathe Observe play Twelfth the, 599. angry, motionless seems by Quotations: field,accidents bridge that written in the from Familiar 'em." was beginning selection greatness, l--^S1- See,- quotation 5, quotation, full upon it appears II, scene illustrative An II. the that some thrust greatness Twelfth Night. He SUBJECTS PARTICULAR IN word is phrases to, 25. flood, and are in that the alphabetic words, accidents,bridge,leap,etc. selections the author same are are arranged together, not that so those subject. same selections best in some books of quotations are LITERATURE classified and indexes of of his authors included such any all that subject,or which represented writings appear. find all that there arranged by subjects,and author every lOI show and the With such work contains it includes the where it is easy on of the name places helps are to particular a writings of any containing a few particularauthor. CONCORDANCE THE A concordance words from is the principalword a kind passage in the is used. When book, it is devoted works the of taken observe to it is based. other any The use in the of the Perhaps a on THE A in The a glossary is book, an to each a Bible, to is "Books to the of In sulting con- should care school great any rate sepa- concordance versions or each a or Shakespeare. the concordance paragraphs as ordinary concordance as single work version no which published a to of with text only, concordance a concordance a to single author a Bible, of index on be which could use advantage. illustrated sufiiciently of Quotations." GLOSSARY alphabetic Hst of which specialdifficultyfor is which of difiicult words given it an explanation. provides usually REFERENCE 102 lies in the which WORKS of use the reader the in the by dialect a of be familiar. Burns, dialect, are Scottish SUBJECTS of technical or not may poems PARTICULAR IN some of terms For which Examples for practice Pink of Let An perfection. have us honest Our peace. man's echoes walls First in war, Chip of the Words are is do not old block. things. of is stranger Some books are University a Silence mien. be . fiction. tasted. collection of books. its head. on in stones. and Honor child thing Millions Hope than to sunshine Sermons A . eloquent. Eternal The of God. prison make. a . Truth work first in peace. monster a noblest roll. Stone Vice the of shame from is father beauty for defense. springs eternal. a condition no of the is tration, illusare ordinarily accompanied glossary. a with man. joy. rise. LITERATURE Find 103 appropriate quotations gratitude, example, these on subjects: night, immortality, dissension, character,words, life,cowardice, reputation. TO HOW allusion An " is ALLUSIONS TRACE hint a illustration,suggestion Dictionary). that For has he to interestingand might It effect. or pages by them. Not to ignorant of in the ever more that been than exist. directions. be followed This not a man would be know the be prepared minutest They Those are to whose ; those import rhetorical form No contains fraction be traced origin is whose sent repre- is permeated defined. is to of the of many that striking explained, not English language. there touched use of literature their meaning the to sake the All trace to practice in this condensed to are able the he everything for way volumes. They be the of them Some (Century said of does who of way gold. this in metaphors be touch. that been long has by suggestive mythologic story of King into turn it may person wished who Midas, Midas any used insinuation" or example, the meaningless reference or remain finest passages singlework has explanations the of back in of allusions in many history must origin is in literature REFERENCE I04 WORKS be followed must furnished a far By useful most study of allusions is the If it does the it often give not book of work the science,and information desired to look hidden meaning It is to be some allusions must come of the Kind And the pedia, cyclo- gazetteer, discovering to advantage. be consulted the that obtained of the of history explanation from general knowledge of books, but and ence experi- student. Examples for 1 The possiblemeans be the the works may cannot in to acknowledged from have directly, next. quotations, other consxolt to biographicaldictionary, indexes and sciences large English dictionary. gives hints where the and arts of them. portion the The there. SUBJECTS PARTICULAR IN hearts simple are Practice than more faith than coronets Norman blood. Tennyson. 2 The A 3 forest is my Delphic And Till While Kiss hast loyal friend, shrine thou to sworn perjuries are on every common thousands, the book's Emerson. me. as careless outside who slightpretence, bad of the pence. damning ne'er look sin. within Cowper. ? LITERATURE 4 The iron of tongue 105 midnight hath told twelve. Shakespeare. 5 6 What lost world, a The timid The whirligigof in tear and bade hero a fly? Cleopatra's eye. time brings in Byron. his revenges. Shakespeare. 7 a To-morrow traveler 8 is that and resources, the upon marsh reacheth. never (Hamilton) He lamp Tupper. the smote abundant rock of of streams the gushed Webster. LITERARY be must for every book the wise sane to As they worth. rude. with The the As to from range the best the printed poorest to form and books, he wisest and differ profound the to widely to wicked, caUow, from is no if he noblest. in shallow, from meanest may, author, companionship righteous mature associates, of its of authors CHOICE of as nature form a men, unsound, from to of the foolish,from to IN of books is one other. from made partakes the reading character; access DISCRIMINATION VALUES; Choice with national revenue forth. and which tured culof guaranty citizen has will, commune If he can- lo6 REFERENCE not, alone, choose SUBJECTS PARTICULAR IN WORKS aright,he easilyfind can worthy trust- a adviser. Not the only do of his variation in the of many works character. value, success by failure book on at at another. on its that any time one reputation gained in of may complete wise The sets therefore that uniform it followed or time only writing another. be or the of money author's selection The evidence in is to choose course expend to recommend to wide being preceded merits, not has shows far from are different at or follows It authors another; one sometimes development, periods from moods author, in different same each differ authors lack of criminat dis- History It is well broad as view loosely in been done takes interrelations the of a the unrelated separate events, is that all events the the of the any has that of regard are set out- subject pursued, details, parts and Dividing tory his- treating work, all of which impression profitably without truth up whole. for sufficient reasons, design, to give studied he each at sections, classifjdngthese, and each mass obtain to possible of clearlycomprehend into The as the easilysee can more a Student that, later,when so he for every has tended, without it deals which to linked the with may a be others. together by Io8 In subject is other no philosophy which to important so be and is the task. harder passions are of the as of civil or it Though abiUty The is of is and fairness that violent which for the or also critics be are severe historian. of the importance, must the place, the or reUgious rights,are of competent estimates time by prejudices. for reforms those secondary quality a colored his in struggles, Great judgment of point aroused, maintenance tests in events though difficult ; and is very impartial history the nearer the system and significanceis shaped opinions, perhaps distorted by write To the tion disputed, his explana- not of their his know to holds ; for, even he of events his narrative it SUBJECTS of the author personal characteristics of PARTICULAR IN WORKS REFERENCE Uterary considered. therefore to sought.^ be Histories limited usually are in particular regions, institutions,or not so limited present general. librarycatalogue will the numbers called are in the by or subject library the to their periods. If cards by which consult Those properly indicate to scope class the of pared, pre- those regarding any particulartopic. ' One of the most formeriy professor who the included, in helpful of such of history his Manual and of critics is Charles president Historical of Kendall Cornell of interest to Americans, igoi. University, Literature,references leading histories in print at the time of publicationand Adams, to all likelyto be HISTORY There history are many that are concise exhaustive? or there the table a characteristics will advance, they least at be may treatment profound? or trations? pictorialillus- interesting? is from Is portant, im- more If these learned each that Is the and, what not are or index? good and and diagrams contents, a about popidar style dry of is there or Is it maps, Is have to catalogue. in the it contain Does of information desirable be indicated not items 109 qualities critics observed by in the readers. Good would clear his in the freely for the text. By this time kept to on time a topics by on page to earn Good which preserve lists of the with passage students. the volume must tioned men- consulted add to the their gratitude. references up number from If each subject and begins, it of other meet looked are and title,the needs pages similar a illustrations they as teachers each dent stu- text. card, is headed author, the the doing he fixes atlas also is to be of the the geographic feature purpose. to of lasting, he them so The good plan a important to to every effectiveness It is of map in his mind. map If the understanding memory the on his make and locate absolutely necessary. are maps and is almost is gives the tain cer- busy inquirers and WORKS REFERENCE no IN PARTICULAR SUBJECTS Subjectsfor Reference Practice (Selected from Syllabus State York New for Secondary Schools) Education Greek in invasion of Greece Social life in Greece B.C. 450 Socrates Alexander's conquests patriciansand The the The Magna The Armada The Puritans The Long Parliament vikings The crusades The making England Charta beiansThe pleroad and roads Roman in Normans games Persian Britain Early Sparta invention of the printing press Relations of and The paigns cam- The Rome Iroquois eracy confed- Carthage Hannibal and in The A Europe of the type in the first best cen- Alexander of engine steam Imprisonment tury for debt Hamilton's career The catacombs The Goths, The Vandals and Huns After development the residence of Terror" "Reign The Gauls Roman . his " Northwest " Popular sovereignty Modern reasonable in philanthropy practice,the looking history or any in 1804 other subject up of references should be NATURAL a SCIENCES pleasurable task. and Natural no It of the age sciences they sometimes issued are the here history, so reference of out from question be must latest editions consult. to In following. page of old To quote read, by preference,the the those The must oldest." which value also Students contain of a date almost press. As Lord the date on depend largelyon as with the first answer is of of which ing, print- be is on books new or subjects are works should on by observing "In Lytton, newest serious work and The these on fect ef- of reliability the it? general, only ones so of considered; copyright, notice of date limited un- Books title-page,but the on are Uving. of old is inquiry naturally is,How found not to be by observing given during as arts, and the vention in- materially very useful in ways changes and discoveries natural as each these possibilities.They subjects are soon rapidly so and Arts discoveries other of working for. Useeul have III of confidence sense in their marked these each ARTS well worth and world Some years. modify develops a Sciences followed recent USEFUL in self-instruction power In AND ; in the the cent re- safe science, Uterature, warned against misinformation. either the of these fullness and subjects correct- WORKS REFERENCE 112 of the ness of his experience, and of criticism and reviewers competent regarding the rehabihty of from reputation of the The is well which adapted another. to would while of the the For it of the some works have of the reference for be nothing book ten writ- welcomed to use acter, char- the by former. erence professions,specialrefform of best high school as and concise coUege and books text- up-to-date books. Pictorial and make A ist machinin published in the admirably serve no useless dictionaries. cyclopedias or Some and trained technical perhaps been had book a quite in it. might be of trades and be could person popular style would latter,but highly a mentioned terms be may widely; decidedly untrained an strange in work a ment. judgtion indica- some work might one example, For want differ to his pubhsher. the of readers needs a extent disinterested from advisers, or and of soundness the In the absence kind the knowledge, author's SUBJECTS PARTICULAR IN illustrations reference or a and purposes diagrams no book are helpful, except cyclopedia is complete without tionary dic- a a good index. Sociology Within does to recent the years relations this of men subject, applying with each as other, it and SOCIOLOGY including government, etc., has education, risen in indeed, the history to underlying bond of knowledge, and that to the unity he though gradual, and change on which in the somewhat changing for the education since the hberahty, by laws advances are It follows the any branch them of in and criminals in as is consequence, ; and adults by the the state has been increased compulsory, libraries to in observed ago fathers only here, then, proper years attendance free is known of this broad our theory prisons stands practices. How arts, that useful and place making modern other such days of standing under- the John Howard children estabUshment the a of ing correspond- responsibilityof the of the hundred a of theory evidenced by than in which a of as an constant, are example, punishment ; attention some by is subjects complete a it is arts there all theory For them to that more useful change and, a of care contrast strong the is followed practice. is based present in each plainly undergoing the to give must Advances others. phases between the to its that obtain to one any and toms, cus- of will remember student of some commerce, estimation public In highest importance. closely related 113 and by merous nu- widespread the very ing. observ- natural sciences in the consulting old subject,the books student perspective, " not on should regard them undisputed as the present the author One such material, may be schools. States the Printing of of issued made by the to issued by of State corporations had. copy authority, respective State the annual, the variety of interest and latest World the the from had. Almanac, a book to use United made to the in which information corresponding a list For those should the or mayor him ; for and be those ber cham- business sometimes complete of rest Government may seems number latest be application material miscellaneous the institutions large library No of valuable by Departments to From commerce. much ; be may municipality, a of Documents, publications of reports, the should D.C. and occasional issued Office, Washington, available of for be apphcation Superintendent of most form an would publications Government, the Only class this on The apphcation; on this reference in is made. in For it at judgment Government. of some charge pamphlet for the free had nominal or is subjects other material of source accepted weighed. be to be and knowledge especially are SUBJECTS to statements The time. PARTICULAR IN WORKS REFERENCE 114 be without a justly popular is given of a great current statistics. The able of ocean to our time Let our perform in only literature is a even voyage, dalliance reward on be the that without to shore of limit. a moderate ? Our then How shall if distance, only hope is in industry. RiNGELBERGIUS. " we we waste exertion. be LIBRARY A LIBRARY people the volume, size The of young and it is to be he its need has, in of this a In maintain annually the state of secondary from and is require the New increased of York schools state and work, the the may nearly more becomes system, urgent. more special preparation give employ of trained of money who for are compensation.^ does teachers regular authorities those to and honor 117 And increasing are educational the to appropriations tion collec- any access. and grows in of size. in librarian to have, every waste of out to force right of libraries that library responsibility The ' mind trained it for most likely rightful place professional qualified is or number in tendency The the the without how, volume. great a regulate not taught single small a short, it is the obtain to school the reaches be to ; of young care of of separately the use does In borne both rapidly As effort, which the volume to person to the the is bound having book great one applies equally obUgation. the time in them duty of as of which of those duty train to regarded chapter if it is the and be may reference, each ECONOMY cities and librarians for this not villages that and purpose. receive Il8 AND ORGANIZATION diminish simply helped of coming the on EQUIPMENT librarian; all the are higher efficiency. to CLASSIFICATION One of the together those related lesser. conceivable who has of Practice and, judgment, every between who one the thousands subjects that so of the be respect does collection simple, shelves far of exercise in and of the must the The and the great service found and Every be arranged earnest But as the the and further good public policy to permit the energies of creases in- cation of classifi- It is not and on number widens, the scheme further should history,science, save time serves de- this. may carried skill variety be may detail to the librarian great a by subjects, as scope be a enjoyed, small, the classification literature,miscellaneous. and on and every be may public. than books groups books doing is tions rela- almost library. a of more the observation particularone any instantly,is capable If the in treat consults ing show- and greater comprehensive knowledge arrange librarian exercise subject, this and distinguishing the books as quahties the in things is fine of by similar have connection the to that mixed simplifying any classifyits parts, putting is to complicated matter or in first steps the use into student. of the LIBRARY libraryto be attended absolutely is classification with where In choice size the of of and comprehensive judgment of scope those who most general use is the Decimal subdividing by This 10. out, and it is permit has it to be in by subjects is, the nine a 500, main number or The been of the training much idea a in one as the dividing and ingeniously most easilythe natural done. System involves these : The that library System, which, surprisinghow Briefly stated, the Decimal I the guided by books. the on be had handling indicates,is based features easily library require to have in conditions of classification, of the it is well one, experience worked in scheme a and name learn to are plan the (a find them. to making where student books what records of system the 19 than difficulty more supplement to enable to definitelyboth and A necessary 1 any necessary. catalogue) is and ECONOMY all subjects of classes,each in even general field of all other books of which as, these is To in classes. are knowledge, hundreds, History, goo. class,very which upon character This are is written, grouped represented Natural Science, prefixed a and includes tenth covering the cyclopedias, etc., is given the title of generalperiodicals, and is designated by the symbol ooo. Works General classes in turn, are, of these each of hundreds is and is tens the divisions,and number a hundreds consisting indicating the Thus, agriculture,which arts, is represented by the number the 600 of Useful Arts, alone and representing the completing one 6^0, entire related the the is of the useful number main subject represented by the division. a in nine grouped tens, the of each represented by class of which main in subjects included The 2 EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION I20 class of group divisions. ten division Each 3 admit is still so of, subdivision. each subdivisions, each of three standing three American related The meet form and scheme is the classifications to symbol 800 Literature,and Literature. is and the this By are nine number a units Essays, class the subordinate one 814 in grouped special significanceby a American for subjects comprising represented by figure. Thus, subdivision require,or to as turn, figures,the given are division The therefore, in their are which broad sisting con- tens the 810 the always for simple indicated ceding pre- for alone of the means at once, another. carried considerably further to the needs of very large libraries, and the full of it is given in Dewey's Decimal Classification Relativ Index. right,following a Extensions decimal are point, as made at the 621.3, Electric LIBRARY ECONOMY read six of significance this Engineering, commonly three,etc. be may One The shown The and Indeed, the small of be sufficient has system contains for An prepared find entered on and Relativ Index. a label number pasted of or on the of index subjects of each. adopted should The and Abridged The of thousands reference. class very entered form is entitled system the be abridged of for easily available a summary") afterward classification the "first of considerable proper the full outline to collection alphabetic list an libraries. in the as "second the a arise. been indicates expect in and Classification Decimal of needs. figures (hundreds two figures may should if occasion largest very quite practicable for given as varying meet figure only, be Additional size. book the one would only, would A but any collection; and tens to it admits significant figures is generallyfully use summary," quadruple symbol is that system contraction for point twenty-one : of the of three use sufficient and thus advantage expansion 121 student symbol the be may of each back, and to order titles. by all author, stand Instead off,the ink, and in white shellac with to prevent of first step in library is a to record to record, called a is somewhat bears to library. There and its the a the name are to is It on them over ing accord- is to second the make inquirer wanted. are a resources in classes relation that a most Such to which forms, the two the known indispensable in a a library an index a large logue dictionary cata- catalogue. lows indicates,the dictionarycatalogue fol- alphabetic order, arranged the that any classed combination list come may to varnish enable similar book. a one the numbers enter the books catalogue,bears which As making shall that obtain to any rubbing. arrange of them quickly then orderly plan, some to any CATALOGUE THE If the labels,which practice is on easily found. most are using gummed common books subject by same and together of the back the on all the names, sur- alphabetic in author plan this By subject, and one each by those and each authors' the by ical numer- of those numbers, order alphabetic in in shelves the on class their by order class arranged books find the EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION 122 of author in one and it usually consists list,title list and alphabetic series. The of subject classed card The for in their record, and of the in There three are descriptionof Of subject. the other any book author there on a of first the treats. of very it title author by that wants So the or want such But occurs only, or young a cases the known importance. but In and it particular a author. are a to necessary book a These concise of which it often first fairly name Then, old, who suitable the one subject importance. title of as of set the best are students, real find identical,but a be may record a important. most favorite particularbook no Librarians is a in inquirer has the particularsubject. becomes it by those are for come written in type large, a more or authors; and inquirer remembers the one fiction than of their names is author, the the the of by these, if the books many book a made elements or mind, the title is the in book be may reference. for parts identified: be may ones be may collection convenient is most be may necessity of handling the besides, if the cards full entries new scriptwithout book; old favor disturbing the orderly continuity without removed, cards New places, or proper with regarded one size. Ubrary of considerable a inserted or only is the form EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION 124 rule class and the sometimes they name, tween distinguish be- subject of nearly are not. The or which quite subject usually consisting of LIBRARY one words, two or ECONOMY Music, as Animals, Mechanical is extended, perhaps a more of the Standards of Public however, that contents, clear idea be of the alphabetic and subject that, in can by their be found first word, For example, referring to counting not Sesame subject of order find work a standards. and the are student initial titles he what it shelves. of the author gives for word the no one find to an short, nor for the word of both records a the,is known. expect by looking in as when just quoted, the a title arranged only or usually prepared from contains the a would title titles at these wants, The the and author top, surname for every and card, understands who determine on title the book, subject alphabetic place. is filed in its proper each book a needed. card, the author Lilies. it treats, the a as of the words, it is lost first large Ubrary a cards card, and The In subjects are Three ethics on hint no Kst of titles a an or and which English history by looking to frequently occurs, title of specialinformation without It little gives complete worded so title often exphcit,statement more Morality. title the the History of the English People, Sharp Eyes, as when Even may the Domestic Biology, while Drawing, Short subject,as 125 how to do whether the if where so card gives and first, so stantly in- can collection to the the find name title 126 ORGANIZATION justbelow ; the title card of at the top subject card, with the it appears need The of number S3Tnbol is or of corner indicates book belongs and class no the name the name Hnes of the in order. The treats biography of on surnames, In than more custom to the shelves those all in large libraries arranged class numbers. on cards biography card one quires re- contains first, surname title no on separate ally usu- individual An ; a collective person one. group by of B, for biography,is of the Life of alphabetic group are their letter shelves. subject no about, the exact the treat poetry, subject written class which the on for the class number. biography It is the in class place the author, and crease in- left-hand upper Individual of the person substituted small its relative card, and books particular book. a subject numbers. title no the the subject generally require definite and in which, like fiction and Books the exceptions, the some the out, title below. the as relatingto both This and grows written card every written card, called third author With in number. subject is a cards subject title at the top and gives the ; if the just below author the EQUIPMENT AND all books of fiction alphabetic order each author in order by by authors' constituting a titles. the books, with the shelves in their This gether to- explains why some the tions, excep- order by attend- LIBRARY who ant is to get class number he from without books in the name same class number. of both This is a there the for title, is enabled to title card number of the book under the of the author's suggested in number" book or ter's Cut- consists then the author under more each cases combination and or authors two In such "caU The two are corresponding number the call number See when specialbook a table. author desires the and and number," represented. distinguishedby a author class,or when same are initial and the shelves delay. complication arises A 127 the to "call the as find the book is book a in addition it treats ECONOMY ber. num- "Illustrations," page 131ANALYTICALS When of a book a series distinct of subjects or topics are cards. A separate value kind in a this on the page an Ubrary. the Each it may card found, especial of this REFERENCES question as to heading shall be adopted. is often be is of extra title cating item, indi- for each where and author analytical. CROSS There topics, the related though Hsted subjects,or more practicalrecord, which small is called or subject card and the book completes of two treats a what Shall form a of subject book on 128 classed be apples for heading made and head, subject made by Apples card cross a eral gen- made be the Agriculture, headed This entered. called it is to allied an may or subject the reference headed be may is subject another and the on Apples also book, example, For term. is card subject each on See particular the term specific orchards fruits, apples, under The agriculture? EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION guide to reference. ILLUSTRATIONS cards The exactly 3 should in. by lines from 2 the cm. be 5 in. and (about f i an inch) and Author 631 Ho pkins, Soil tur e. Cyril fertility c. 1910. by 12.5 cards lines the almost cm., zontal hori- contain (about cm. vertical two of cm. Standard beginning top, 7.5 f at other of the 3 an inch) left, cm. one from Card G. and permanent agricul- LIBRARY the edge. left vertical The author's line, and ECONOMY name the book 129 always begins title begins at the at the right vertical line. Title Card Soil 631 fertilityand tur e. Ho pkins, Cyril G. c. 1910. permanent agricul- ORGANIZATION I30 For marked AND instead bearing of pgood, Lincoln, number, 920. Card the man of the pie. Cross Tw sometimes Norman Abraham peo class are Abraham Lincoln, Ha the Subject Biography B cards biography convenience B EQUIPMENT ain, Mark, Clemens, Reference Card pseud., Samuel see Langhorne Author Los with Card sing, Benson (The) Hale Andre subject biographies two should be entered Analytical Andre, 973-3 Los sing, The on in a Subject John Benson two Note spies two John are Subject J. Nathan Here EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION 132 spies one separate book, Each card. Card see J. LIBRARY ECONOMY 133 Analytical Subject Hale, Nathan 973-3 Los see sing,Benson The J. spies two Examples for the Does where contain Ubrary each may Lew The be in Rann Kennedy, the House; Ralph Waldo Emerson, James Name written The Lowell, Lorna Percival Poems; Thomas She Goldsmith, Blackmore, if so, Charles Teaching of English; Russell books, and these Hur; Longfellow, Essays; Practice found? Wallace, Ben Servant Oliver Card Macaulay, Essays; B. Stoops to Conquer; James Biglow Papers; Doone; Chubb, John Richard Burroughs, D. John Audubon. the'books by each in the of the library,if following: any, that were EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION 134 Dallas Hawthorne Nathaniel John Ruskin Herbert Charles Jacob Louisa Dickens books History of Greece the Battle does the library of Hastings George Washington Parliament British Insects engines Constitution United S. Shaler Transportation Raising poultry The Riis A. Gardening weather Steam Conn following subjects? on The Sharp W. if any, passages, or contain The L. Nathaniel Alcott M. What Scott Walter John Fiske Hygiene of the The States American dians In- Trees The Forms Physical or Books SELECTIONS selectingbooks, In good book from the by not binding stiff gaudy. should the sides,and The be held on The the cover know should paper and corners outside on design books or cords. in be of clear, good subject to The a edges protected by something stronger preferablyby tapes to glossy,the print large and not secure, advantage an one. poor a good qualitybut it is taste, much than use paper, binding should be PHYSICAL THE flexible that SO the book strainingthe It is true that only, so of But works the the cheap is content lesson out with- or he is and of the demand but of annotations as they buying chaser purplete com- a latter, he omissions. The illustrations or add may the if the the issued are abridgment An purposes; classic or editions more some for choice. standard copyright and no tion edi- one much to the work. of the poor, opportunity no extent observed, be printed in are whether absence or usefulness often for 135 opened widely rival firms. by know know presence the is BOOKS injuringit permanently. abridged work; an should be including or desirable or A there there is should should books firm same be may most continues, two for which by and many, which on OF can back that very FORMS book than is better but valuable; provided none, low-priced goods are expensivein the end, and there is a fine ethical manship in every possessionthat exhibits good workthe and Incongruity between good taste. physicalform of of its author should a book and should the character be avoided. Great representedby substantial,even be and ing standauthors handsome, editions. MAGAZINES Some of in the best magazines. material Without for reference a catalogue of has peared ap- articles 136 it is AND difficult,however, to learn of them, considerable any number articles find to EQUIPMENT ORGANIZATION Such needed. useless is there included are expensive hand on list. in the stock a Only a at when best, and of the few odicals peri- of the best for schools.^ suitable very where know to or of contents particular subject any catalogues are unless magazines on the DETINITIONS ordinary In or together in printed in copy sheets a once a extended cover. A with book is in year small book book that may to a characterization of is bound collection of manuscript is a author's a is published regularly revised edition. carried be subject ; in the manual A hand ; an handbook. a Periodicals to periodicals,see Walter's for the Periodicals Library (publiclibrary). Small For a catalogue of to Periodical Guide sixth,ninth, and articles in the Literature. twelfth listed in the same pretty well supplied with so A cover. Relating 'Publications For is pamphlet which or elementary guide that typewriting. or new a singlework a article,especiallyan or a is either work paper a handwriting annual An is one unprinted an an of part any volume a usage, much numbers year. leading periodicalssee It is Small of this kind, but in the nearest public library. a mention schools periodicalswould work for the third, of all articles ously previ- published monthly, and contain it can not or any Readers' The others be warranted that in probably be found are not expending and sulted con- THE A PHYSICAL series is succession a subjects, or and issued of books is a the form edition is or covered cloth)or when size of is been ; in cover edition An is one annotated is by from one omitted. is of flexible cover when incased therefore cardboard of coarse, half leather in cardboard; the (a kind are is either accompanied it is of stiff leaf,and a revised the full leather of the corners The has text leather edition new text cloth, buckram with copiesprinted abridged edition when or of changed. is in paper cloth,buckram number scheme. or hterary work a been An in boards paper; in which the lated re- collection a plan a A in which one Binding and has set is lot. new a on general title A A 137 articles common time. one part of the a form whole comments. or which at of which text notes a form. common (a) the BOOKS or that, together, complete published new OF of books bearing published ; (b) the and a in edition is An FORMS when the is able durback in leather. the of measure a approximately by a term which fractional part of a large sheet that has book, is indicated indicates been the folded to of leaves The make into greater the A sheet leaves, four pages, an the of leaves. which, like which so, number the smaller it,and of the indirectly,the sheet has folds, the folded been makes largest size; and atlas, is made of very folded. and more once ber num- a the two book large leaves is 138 called a leaf. of AND ORGANIZATION A folio. This word second fold makes A literallyeighth. Folding The sheet a sizes thus to the to which of school reader follows cm. List hshers' the leaves indicate makes called octaxo, octavo. an leaves, twenty-four ; folio,30 20 from Copyright book the United the trimmed. There is to to lists. them. cost is the of by the American quarto, 25 cm. to 25 cm. ; cm. prices advertised Discounts Net be pub- the prices sold,and they do transportation. States government and an right may by D.C. publish and to be obtained from the author. Two application and deposited with Congress, Washington, in sometimes may prices are will not years be in inches as for 28 dollar,must ency tend- a are exclusive copies,accompanied by extent respective heights 35 full the books the used, and the cm. cataloguesor according by giving dimensions cm. the prices are include somewhat recommended As octavo, which a fold is pages, ordinary is that are sizes : allowed below size a twelve sheet Library Association, one The third A designated vary centimeters. sell leaves, eight pages, make to size of the to not folium, meaning gives a size called duodecimo, Uterally twelfth. pages, be four quarto. a eight leaves, sixteen 30 is from size called quarto, \\te.xa\b/ fourth. a large dictionary is or EQUIPMENT A the a fee of Librarian renewal of of copy- in that code embodied To 1. a open the table few leaves in the same with from reached. been back, it will break the in place, and one dirty hands thumb or to For 3. pencil or effects show acts a lack of characterized as the them each upon edges, or left the on the be cannot Vandals good them shelves to them strains the for works of the lean to thin mark book- a such of years ago. Piling their front on backs Such of art books. the as with repaired. hundreds forms with telltale. a as object other, standing them allowing is something thick are moistened page appreciation of the Preserve 4. any injury that an them with leaves, marking using or pen sanitary. They soiled use down Turning paper. to as easily except leaves the The them. bookmark a has wide so open and clean by rubbing turn middle repulsive by holding unsightly and made never side, and injury is permanent. the books the Keep 2. opened be a ; follow other till the on open down the on side to book a then them press few a side If time, place it first edge down; back side and way rules simple few a are the book the one on Here : new with alternate so it. violate knowingly EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION I40 right and or the destroys 5. regular forms. Stand them shelves, otherwise together in rather removing them loosely the on the sides after ACCESSIONS a short backs time become may become may tightlypacked 141 marred pulling them from torn by rubbing, or the of out a mass. Accessions accumulating is moral There of is owner his moral and the A he company wiU If well bound and pride and weU-bred whose older nothing at to They but or is that source delights in early begin they wiU and and those necessarily expensive. tions collec- make need even may to the need guidance protection undiscriminatingfriends birthday gifts of books recommend price ; one weU-dressed, a society one but them vicious, the vulgar and any choose constant a It is like In this generous holiday make The own. persons. those is is like select books book by likes to imitate. one of their from whose people should Young of tastilyillustrated person ways always possibleto satisfaction. ber cali- selectingbooks possibleto the by is known man rightly selected, a good read. of It is not it is "A and keeps ;" associates,but one's made of his tastes, his mental character. choosing friends. ownership mere collection private indication an library strength in the books. good a their the inane of the best that who have cheapness. would quaHty be dear are not Whether the uplift or abUity degrade depends to individual; and it shall take teacher a but much, considerably inexhaustible pupils toward is pure, and sets influences. to The wall a up outlook of collections ; school and of turn parents. faithful is skill and wiU add faces the pleasure that protection against evil must be never lack hopeless through grow and teacher sources habits the interest successful The more. and and and to means judgment Understanding be added. must teachers on enough; it is not a taste conscientious be to the on be responsibilityfor heavily rests shall read to of each For EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION 142 of permitted suitable public libraries private supply must all deficiencies. No library,public and make so ; for the personnel,or their ever if it were even not, without readers are growing are points of more view, and constantly supplanting are must it up A private, is perfect; but, it so, it could long or therefore to date good be and book indeed, only is well time, made to meet is not a new constantly changing mature, a to any or old and to for individual bright boy time varying of any or books Additions ones. time in ing chang- are newly published proportion adapted possible to accessions, remain necessarilygood small and from plete really com- to keep conditions. everybody ; lection general colat girl can any ticular par- exhaust ACCESSIONS the of resources personal need at variety is material always There and the then, duties their to the other from the Fresh collection. well library as the in without equipment considerable school and one credit, active directions or the her or Hbrary. pupils. The not A in the toward his meet school a interest teacher, if to any in the to period. one renews toward often, are collection any desirable are, duties as small a 143 Ubrarian same person, securing waiting for supervisory sions acces- tions sugges- officer or person. SELECTION largely does So the teacher and that advice buying depend so the on seems disinterested Some the on affect the The of the the of competent, sought when lists that selectingand of judgment published tions, selec- the of the school task be and of the books character welfare should advisers librarian the suitabilityof simple far from wise. of success vitallydoes bought are the sary. neces- exceedingly are helpful.i ' Paragraphs relatingto this subject pages to meet Literary values specificneeds as ; Discrimination have follows been inserted ous previ- : in choice ; Selectingreference ; Selectingworks (in general); Selecting cyclopedias of science; Selecting sociologicalworks; works books. in the of works ing history; Select- Physical forms of In positive value of mediocre, and importance The and for dry This grade, that school from provided inducing present of good the in the child to provided only out hand, withstance. sub- without needs of every highest, should the for imposing suitable other froth mere teacher The who has be had a and interesting, light than in that history,science and has only failed of fiction bounds to be travels haps per- there supposed. it is true. he is not can by offering of which poems, story because succeeded highly important a reading would estimated under- be to habit reasonable stories and be objects to is not novel-reading kept within to fiction attractive an interestingtrue more are collections,the part of the Hbrary. be are that the on be and for. ; yet it works lowest the value The of immature without be done can profound or The to are needs the to readers. readers scholarlyadults, and, In far adapted prospective offeringany in be should uncultivated them on order in the price. the others. with forth Hterary form, physical subject matter, of their the are set or Rated be books Most passages be harmful. are books tastes contain many and form excellence. and would ideals that should literaryform, the books and content EQUIPMENT AND ORGANIZATION 144 He are No wants singular. Biography, furnish interest- ACCESSIONS ing material without should be 145 end. observed A in reasonable tion propor- selectingbooks and in reading. It is just as their titles their names unwise only as only. character select books to to choose A title or The one is another. by considering friends a by considering is name is no thing ; one indication sure of the other. is It generally unwise it is much fare. like The such idea is the of in art pleasing picture to but children unit in a that a size has At not library where It is at sold become of the the eye, taking or any been beautiful sizes set a children winning have some other works, choose in to in to a prices. ; any break binding in the the order a and school shelves. case books of them by subscription. None and, if stiU wanted, they can be greatly reduced a withdrawing quahty access and whole a cause by set to present as to to rate, uniformity a carried tiresome and bindings generally unwise, except and are to as distinctiveness,or complete book. biU a for easily be can generally reluctant are lacks on watchword good a uniformity Uniform repugnant. named series ; or teacher. extreme an full sets taking everything Discriminate librarian and take to are had of cyclopedia that pensable, indis- later 146 ORGANIZATION Thin the have editions paper private library,but they usage for certain are EQUIPMENT AND some they to advantages for withstand the cannot receive in collection a tended in- general service. Bibliographies A bibliography is particular subject or for a list of author, particular a from a that been accumulated for sale. offered A the chieflyto subject or in to be consulted may be bought. prevail. the Both by some and by state and is the person for A helpfulin and needed scholars on charge is sometimes ticular par- does not and they always librarian of various and a copies terms issued are and the by education, associations specialists. or the advise case terest in- guidance what the by of education given a where departments request, a desires distinction state individual department small be pursuing show chieflyto where or are particular purpose; a public libraries,by library will, on most who Bibliographies the that or student This may teacher. national or reading who ommended rec- list of books a is of value catalogue is of value may is a differs It purpose. for and bibliography selections making relating to classified or catalogue, which somewhat have books nearest which how made for public would to obtain those The be them. pub- 148 ORGANIZATION dealers prices made in from directly lot one and a in list be can publishers. separate saving from purchases though the effects discounts Buying transportation charges postage. books ordering In the title, and binding is title a obtained, be can liberal and jobbers, or EQUIPMENT AND if the money The treating desirable. should advance. order or purchase of the the be by of same If other Prices given. be may exact items well as be may made are should shipment office express Payment edition The one. the dealer. author, particular than more the express, office in are the the give to necessary; to by post desirable and there absolutely made is pubMsher the convenience be it by as tained ob- postal draft. more than subject one is seldom expensive necessary work or COURSE OF INSTRUCTION As be given advances pupil than More the school his of with books them for ; and that purposes should his he so should will of to as in as be lead the of so acquire in manner best held that he knowledge, the to be brought unconsciously of to as occasion on reading he acquisition the instruction reading he this, matter work in definite more systematize may in the as other any constantly a which possible to ready should strict results. account of part into contact skill in reference. _ j^^g he Baldwin. his using LESSONS FOR through All stands in to first the in form subject. habit the policy school. No In due in a be systematic in study given, looking school secondary the elementary give can up ences refer- easy arise, preparation This way. gressive pro- benefit. occasions as books, is the school the success good good in in to books, lasting practice key read to every done and great time, should work the good in pursued such read, To English courses, is It reading of other of promise school public importance. other every SCHOOLS ELEMENTARY wiU for always severer prove most helpful. This should outline The necessary. FOR The How to open How to hold Cleanliness Preservation care a a should lessons OUTLINE new book modified be be simple. SCHOOLS ELEMENTARY of books extended or {Grades 1-4) book and turn the leaves as OF COURSE 152 dictionary {Grades 5-8) The Finding INSTRUCTION words Alphabetic arrangement Thumb index top guide words ; SpeUing Capitals; hyphens Pronunciation Division into syllables Accent Diacritical marks Definitions Selection Abbreviations from a that series frequently appear in body Special sections Gazetteer (geographicaldictionary) Biographical dictionary The How to use to find index subject matter The table of contents The index of and cyclopedia {Grades 7-8) Special Book (Grades 7-8) table of contents The How atlas quotations aids {Grades y-8) of work LESSONS The How to lessons add to the of any Lessons for mere to course that tendencies to avoided that : of the exactly as of the class and needs and already have, who changes local meet ought the worthy This to to be do or one class may should course conditions so. given The to each secondary school of the name. that of that out of the which therefore must be is best for the best be on soon if it has for modified perfectly if lessons cious capri- frequently so be a knowledge There not more class stickler outlined, regardless his direction instruction, but individual occasion to presenting these lessons,two be utmost to as Schools detail in the another. so riculum. cur- school. prevent his arrivinganywhere. order one condensed the the students to full conscientiously foUows person, as in make " already an the profitable, more to to as form, who of the that way Secondary for It is advised a and small supplement to easily be can needs opposite 153 title such subject new They serve in enjoyable a and intended subjects easier,more not SCHOOLS of author are of other study SECONDARY library catalogue {Grades y-S) find entries These it FOR there is library economy after its entrance access to a library OF COURSE 154 Although this outHne formidable, it should work has already been done, in the the briefest Instruction books subject, and of to open to be a it should have to that of very of the some failure. the part of the students This care course is a very practical accordingly. SECONDARY elementary trations illus- by abundant SCHOOLS as found desirable) of books book new Preservation Special table The index aids in finding references of contents The Finding English dictionary words Alphabetic arrangement Thumb index of satisfactorily Cleanliness The been library and of reference be treated FOR a school, and of the some ought or practiceon The How that accompanied continual OUTLINE (Review observed disposed use is not is certain somewhat appear mention. in the which and be may may done, elementary remainder the by be INSTRUCTION ; top guide words 156 (pictorial) Illustrations Brief history of the English language Guide pronunciation to cyclopedia The How to subject matter find subject word of Selection technical Common; General Classed INSTRUCTION OF COURSE as specific ; : Elementary Concise Scholarly Exhaustive Reference The in geography atlas How The works table to use of contents and index gazetteer Reference works in literature Forms Book of quotations ; How to find How to trace concordance quotations allusions Literary values Discrimination in choice ; anthology LESSONS FOR SECONDARY Reference Relation history of SCHOOLS works in 157 history geography, biography, to Htera- etc. ture, information Supplemental be to found in all Author characteristics Personal Critical estimate and Character General mental and attitude of works of treatment scope special or Text Concise or extended Popiilar or scientific General outline Table and Value of contents use of : Maps Geographical; historical Diagrams Illustrations Historical (pictorial) scenes ; historical objects; portraits Index Reference works in natural sciences Importance of consulting recent date of copyright and and experience and works. for author's useful arts Regard for knowledge
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