1. hobbies and interests
2. inventors and patents

PATEI^TTS
AND
OUT
\
MOKEY
MAKE
TO
HOW
THEM
OF
BY
L^-^
(
b.'hutchiis^soi^
w.
J.
A.
CRISWEIilj
E.
?
MEMBEK8
OF
THE
New
95
1899,
by
Hutchinson
52
BAR
York
COJ^IPAJSY-
PUBEISIIIXG
FEDEIilTY
Copyright,
YOEK
NEW
StSEET
LiBEHTT
"
Broadway,
Pateats
Criswell,
New
York.
and
Patent
Law,
29323
JOHN
84
two
^"l^'
C.
RANKIN
CORTLANDT
esopsEs
PRINTERS
CO.,
ST.,
NEW
YORK.
Rscetveo.
PREFACE
object of
main
The
make
chiefly of
It treats
authors
Its
in
a
and
little honest
to
patent,
protect
an
invention
have
line.
has
or
all
I^early
in the
been
of
patents,
the
business
will
the
which
matter, the
to
transfer
inventor
that
to
fact
recognized
their
be
the
of
of
method
them,
and
hands.
prove
so
To
a
see
a
such
blessing.
to
is
Others,
no
into
which
the
slip
this
rance
ignoproper
hands
of
and
entitles
from
followed,
manufacturers
a
wrong
attorneys
if
is
hoped
law
the
waste
men
the
the
book,
been
of
the
to
vertisin
ad-
It
and
law
use
through
patents
Again,
the
has
it in
it
fall
subject
adroit
ingenious
competency
this
all
this
in
pocket
unscrupulous
that
secure
and
of
nature
to
advertiser.
men
aid.
an
and
which
exercising
procedure,
incompetent
to
the
such
of
the
many
by
To
will
book
fail
that
ingenuity
direction.
of
sell
on
form
from
to
this
on
object of
dollars
how
business
text-books
in the
or
man,
to
practically of
are
to
as
appreciated by
to have
of
that
believe
advice
literature
nature
tions.
inven-
large experience
a
be
of
side
introduce,
to
to
patents.
patents, and
to
likely
are
had
reliable
invent,
who
and
business
the
have
relating
matters
is to tell how
of inventions
out
money
book
this
their
will
and
PKEFACE.
iv
business
other
will
some
defective.
way
of
be
the
cover
to which
To
the
these
unable
their
advise-
commend
having
of
for
decisions
but
not
the
it is intended
as
manufacturers,
inventors,
generally
who
be
especial
ly,
Final-
people
trust
herein
all.
to
the
place
boom
to
of
legal
of
use
a
yers,
law-
practical guide for
and
lawyers
have
hoped
help
a
collection
a
is
is
to take
a
ducing
intro-
which
published
; it is not
or
and
way,
to
as
patents,
intended
; it is
agency
and
men
some
is not
attorney
patent
lore
in
may,
book
an
with
lawyers
all
to
practical experience
embodied
This
volume
connection
any
the
that
this
title
book
clients
of selling, licensing
practical means
It
a
particular invention.
will be a help to them.
this book
that
we
tions
inventhe
Competent
to
in purchasing
loss
great assistance.
often
are
with
meet
do not
patents which
which
they relate,or
to
is in
often
men
anything
business
to
do
with
patents.
and
book
these,
as
have
to
word
our
opinion
the
for the
and
text-book
refrained
The
facts
advice
worth.
New
York,
February,
1899.
form
from
using
reader, are
average
disconcerting.
and
of
avoided
have
We
reader
herein,
to
take
in
foot
as
it for
notes,
confusing
is asked
and
this
to
to
what
take
matter
it is
CONTENTS
BOOK
I.
GENERAIiliY.
PATENTS
PAGE.
CHAPTEK.
I.
and
Origin
Nature
of
II.
in
Patents
Kemarks
What
IV.
V.
is
VII.
1
Value
Patents
of
Nineteenth
the
Century
Effect
"
A
Few
12
Manufacturers,
....
20
27
Use,
Obtain
Patent,
a
PATENT
OFFICE
The
31
....
Patentability
Public
Use,
38
Experiments,
BOOK
II.
Their
"
Patentable
May
Prior
I.
cation
Appli-
5
to
Concerning
VIII.
Modern
Caveats,
Who
VI.
"
Trade,
on
III.
Patents
Term,
the
and
Importance
of
46
.
II.
TRADE-MARKS,
PEACTICE,
.
COPYRIGHTS.
Application,
.50
Appeals,
61
III.
Interferences,
64
IV.
Disclaimers
and
Abandoned,
Forfeited,
V.
Applications,
Reissues,
Revived
71
and
Renewed
79
CONTENTS.
vi
for
Eemedies
and
Inventions
Infringing
Infringement,
VI.
82
Infringement,
"
...
Prints
Trade-marks,
VII.
Acts
96
Labels,
and
...
109
Copyrights
VIII.
and
Mortgages
Grants,
Assignment,
Title,
IX.
128
Licenses,
X.
136
Patents
Foreign
III.
BOOK
I.
"What
to
and
Invent
-
CONSIDBEED.
GOMMERCIAIiliY
PATENTS
How
to
140
Invent,
.
II.
III.
Sale
or
or
IV.
and
Introduction
The
Sale
of
by
Promotion
Patented
Joint-Stock
.
151
Inventions,
Companies
164
Corporations
182
Promoter
APPENDIX.
195
Forms,
Index,
.219
PATENTS
AND
HOW
TO
MAKE
OF
MOl^EY
THEM
OUT
I,
BOOK
I.
CHAPTER
OEIGIN
AND
NATURE
Originally
in
mining,
for
the
in
immense
Often
the
at
for
patents
in
its
ordinary
grant
right
term
is
to
of
granted
make,
years.
for
time
the
as
in
colonizers
of
land,
to
has,
patentee
the
and
or
giving
sell
and
In
the
they
otherwise
an
patent
inventor
United
years.
persons
have
empted,
pre-
secured.
a
use
Grovernment
other
which
application
seventeen
ness
busi-
applied.
land
purchased
a
cial,
commer-
example,
original
present
the
were
general
first
homesteaders
to
grants
the
been
cases,
many
for
districts
of
name
and
patentee
land
for
the
to
TERM.
the
and
such,
granted
America
of
tracts
manufacturing
purposes,
THE
give
to
large
THE
monopolies
were
granted
monopoly
patents
OF
patents
often
which
PATENTS"
APPLICATION
MODERN
more
OF
his
the
But
is
ernment
Grov-
exclusive
invention
States
a
for
a
patent
a
2
ORIGIN
A
AND
inducement
for
it is
words,
is
but
monopoly,
and
gives
him
and
sell the
a
the
for
right
an
other
make,
use
in
term
the
of
benefits
a
ingenuity,
to
limited
a
as
In
for his
exclusive
invention
of
offered
invent.
to
reward
or
is not
acceptation,
person
the
PATENTS.
consideration
a
prize
a
OF
its modern
in
patent,
NATUEE
sideration
con-
invention
to
society.
To
secure
a
ernment
patent, therefore, the Gov-
valid
law
requires by
file in
the
Patent
his
of
enable
the
reap
As
Statute
of
which
but
statute
grants
and
twenty
sole
in
patents
called,
of
granting
trade
were
privileges for
or
under,
years
true
making
or
within
inventor
statute
of the
access
and
so
marked
or
this
inventors
the
I., 1624,
the
passed,
was
special and exclusive
the
prohibited, but
of
and
and
originally
were
so
manufacture
to
thereof.
Monopolies,
new
clear
end
records
James
work
tions
descrip-
have
can
21
in
shall
make
to
at the
*'
specifically excepted
and
This
art
the
the
privileges
for the
the
that
so
remarked,
above
and
sufficiently
in
invention,
monopolies,
by
skilled
benefits
inventor
drawings
patent the public
invention
through the
the
to
the
the
of
term
the
Office
inventions,
persons
practice
that
letters
the
patent
of
term
heretofore
of
any
one
made
of
manner
realm
to
of
such
beginning of
the
first
factures."
manu-
modern
APPLICATION
MODERN
for the
laws
patent
THE
OF
protection of
TERM.
3
and
new
useful
inventions.
In
France
In
1791.
has
the
the
grown
Federal
first
States
the
under
up
and
to time
to
the
patent is wholly
A
nations
other
have
the
and
States
are
to
the
at
have
have
countries
be
must
laws
it
as
is
a
this
States,
for
laws
patent
that
such
are
the
in
that
the
certain
a
alien
an
protection
same
native, though
within
It is contended
from
patent
a
in
for
many
invention
specified time
patent forfeited.
the
of
nations,
inventions, and,
are
stipulated
worked
no
country.
practically
invention
his
or
the
rule,
a
may
civilized
every
lowing
fol-
present
which
encourage
day, there
and
United
the
at
even
countries
and
present
nearly
As
foster
in
slov/
Nearly all the civilized
patent law.
however, recognize the importance of
system
others
Britain, the
and
some
Statutes,
in 1790, and
somewhat
Great
France,
there
time
a
of
reason
present day.
of statute,
creature
been
of
lead
by
passed
was
in
passed
was
patent system
positive grant in the
a
Constitution
time
from
law
United
first of which
the
patent
by
should
nature
as
so
buying
inventions
depriving
the
to
and
that
many
made
be
controlling
which
public
are
of
in
large
prevent
never
the
a
provision
the
United
corporations
numerous
patents
marketed,
benefit
which
thus
it
4
EFFECT
should
time
is
as
like
that
has
true
valuable
it
such
now
the
that
a
it
is
improvements.
a
of
to
'*
that
system
the
whether
question
old
and
patent
SYSTEM.
the
change.
of
as
inventions
so
is
a
success,"
brought
efficiency,
in
for
ripe
PATENT
but
receive,
is
It
OF
a
country
fact
the
nothing
pute
dis-
beyond
United
States
wonderful
leads
ceeds
suc-
state
the
world
of
CHAPTER
AND
IMPORTANCE
II.
VALUE
ON
EFFECT
Visit
oculist
an
he
ailment,
will
for
remedy
of
of
the
patent
a
ally,
politic-
the
of
perity
prosnatural
its
protection,
and
systems,
and
demonstrable
America
commercial
prosperity
other
of
system
its
is
it
believe
we
promote
so
on
fact
has
done
general
ful
wonderthan
well-being
to
more
its
supremacy,
that
any
cause.
The
of
workings
and
unobtrusive.
and
is,
man
geon
sur-
infinitum.
But
is
culty
diffi-
supreme
So,
to
policy
financial
certain
to
the
attribute
States
the
the
skilled
A
knife.
will
to
that
you
that
the
United
another
another
is
people
the
resources,
ad
ill
bodily
your
eyes.
conclude
every
set
one
tell
the
likewise
will
whatever
and,
with
THEIR
"
TRADE.
probably
originates
PATENTS
OF
as
a
greeted
not
or
the
the
The
rule,
with
orator,
patent
inventor
but
applause
he
are
does
his
unknown.
comparatively
the
system
does
of
and
the
quiet
work,
He
fighting
has
done
6
IMPORTANCE
more
for
of
VALUE
AND
tlie world
than
OF
PATENTS.
other
any
man
set
or
men.
The
to the
and
patent system
of America
inventor
that
it has
do
what
than
been
it could
to
fact
have
in the
being
The
of
who
famous
rank
as
and
would
and
It
sort
of
provided
not
work
of
system
this
stimulus,
avenue
of
forms
is
an
know
important
the
the
of
working.
be
some
The
patent
provided
has
the
almost
only
man
poor
can
enter.
still
few
States
generally recognized
patents and
appreciated
that
must
the
to
protection.
love
opened
tion,
na-
money
stimulus.
which
on
front
ments
improve-
fact
the
There
and
has
success
successfully
It
and
their
found
the
United
the
to the
reasonable
nature.
ments,
improve-
commercial
out
for
for
encouragement
as
factures
manu-
their
and
it not
human
is not
patents
States
have
has
do
withstandi
not-
agricultural
American
have, by
not
were
Government
People
made
brought
could
them
exploit
have
not
the
United
the
to
monopolies.
manufacturing
a
Government
inventions,
that
have
brought
country,
usually opposed
nature
men
the
liberal
more
other
encourage
the
communities
of any
policy of
the
is
of
branch
the
that
of
American
value
real
law
patent
of
prudence,
jurisAmerican
patent system is
by comparatively few people, and
the
American
boundless
benefits
the
world
has
derived
of
temple
industrial
When
it
in
nation
fast
of
based
the
or
have
been
subject
to
United
States,
that
the whole
is,that
the
is
the
the
then
public
has
or
articles
them
making
"
are
volume
in America
patent
to
patents
appreciated.
richest
the
manufactures
for
in the
forever.
last
and
that
"
machinery
of
value
the
now
business
patents
on
will
that
lea.d,and
the
manufacturing
made
is
world
American
niches
cut
that
fame
improvements
taking
been
have
7
PATENTS.
of
remembered
is
the
her
that
of them
Many
OF
acMevements
the
from
inventors.
VALUE
AND
IMPOKTANCE
are
or
enormous
begins
be
to
The
principle of our patent system was
early
recognized ; for instance, before the patent law
Massachusetts
of 1790
granted in 1786 a cash
Robert
and
land,
Barr, of Scotsubsidy to Alexander
and
Mr.
Orr, of East Bridgewater, Mass.,
to
the
encourage
This
machinery.
into
effect
later
to
manufactured
and
is
one
the
model
patented,
goods
of the
cities in the
most
Union,
it marks
history
in
an
of America.
also
who
Rhode
in
epoch
whose
turing
manufac-
first loom,
This
1812.
in
first
Island,
thriving
his
Har-
granted
Lowell,
made
carry
of
Slater,
inventor
being completed
and
was
and
the
subsequently
monument
Aid
Brown
cotton
to
inventions
Arkwright.
Almy,
facturing
cotton-manudone
was
wonderful
the
and
greaves
of
introduction
the
he
facturing
manu-
SOME
FAMOUS
Whitney,
wliose
8
Eli
been
of
household
a
the
word,
in
gin
the
loom,
the
that
so
States
system,
and
manufactures
Wood
mowing
and
and
other
patent
of
all
realized.
important
Heines, Ketchum,
others
machines
to
by
be
by
the
brought
of
reason
not
known
are
and
mowers
this
at
which
enables
a
of the
navigation
of Fulton
is well
of his inventions
have
would
not
is able
America
to
to
the
to
produce
competition
products
for
except
machinery
defies
American
corners
career
which
reapers
protection.
but
and
which
patent system
to public notice
only that,
price
crops
wherever
familiar
are
agricultural instruments
world, and
The
other
the
portance
im-
is substantially
industry
cotton
of
the
industry
an
scarcely be
relating
fostered
four
improved
the
supplies agricultural
the
ning-jen
spin-
of
reaping
inventions
now
invented
aid
can
and
the
it and
poses,
pur-
the
of McCormack,
names
probably
to
of America.
Manny,
been
possible
manufacturing
protection
the
the
early, through
the
duplicate
it
subsequently
which
history of
The
made
inaugurated
was
a
yet he invented
poor
previously
thus
of
The
and
for
the
and
generations
lad ignorant
a
cheaply
supply
to
for
was
1793, which
cotton
prepare
has
name
industry,
cotton
cotton
INVENTORS.
be
and
sent
to
earth.
in connection
known,
and
is understood
the
by
with
steam
importance
every
school-
10
EFFECT
that
the
that
blessing
would
have
It must
be
bered
remem-
the
has
a
blessing
American
public,
turned
luxuries
a
been
chief
the
over
and
century,
formerly
be
have
of years
contended
been
of toil
the
are
the
on
to
ders
won-
whom
by
brought
now
and
of
had
for
such
value
to
expenditure
individuals
unless
reward
for
the
in
wonderful
and
America,
has
patent system
Americans
than
such
From
expenditures.
resulted
the
that
clear
industries
treasures
vast
conditions
manufacturing
the
by
offered
have
sources
these
part of those
expenditures
endeavors
these
that
promoted
patent system
more
the
to
nineteenth
It cannot
seems
them
household.
every
the
to
still
men,
inventors
the
opened
patent system
all, been
were
and
the
these
to
the
of
to
while
after
what
has
of wealth.
source
whom
PATENTS.
patent system
laudable
has,
OF
it
been
of
other
one
effects
are
any
thing.
Not
felt
in
difference
darkest
due, in
less
almost
a
American
familiar
distribution
The
the
mechanics,
of mechanical
of
gent
intelli-
an
difference
fact
present
the
clodhopper
a
vast
to the
measure,
is at
of
facturer
manu-
knows
now
that
and
American.
with
firm
work
the
Every
peace.
every
Russia
great
beneficent
in
as
between
native
every
well
as
war
and
from
the
only this, but
that
time
owing
inventions.
to
is
almost
more
the
As
or
wide
long
EFFECT
civil
the
as
ago
rig
occasion
office,
is
navy
that
it
with
modern
fighting
one
is, of
in
of
the
illustrate
and
have
been
patent
sion
occa-
repair
if
which
in
likewise,
the
the
of
recent
the
can
Ameri-
the
in
principally
fact
mechanics
by
mechanism
who
who
and
machinery
a
necessary,
anything
could
constituting
understood
various
that
industries
plays
is
development
for
volume
a
referred
the
every
a
navy.
course,
subject-matter
only
locomotive,
chiefly
effect
American
is
lie
to
with
handle
when
superiority
great
said
familiar
were
could,
do
or
manned
was
who
So,
the
war,
that
telegrams
demanded.
Spanish
It
send
line,
printing
a
found
a
up
11
was
men
required,
telegraph
PATENTS.
it
war
contained
company
run
OF
to
the
fact
of
introduced
system.
that
or
in
part
has
a
and
primarily
played
the
general
American
these
any
instances
many
itself,
here
immensity
in
the
ter
mat-
way
tures
manufac-
manufactures
by
the
can
Ameri-
to
12
CHAPTER
PATENTS
IN
A
We
FEW
THE
comforts
condition,
same
is
concerned,
built
were
with
for
as
he
was
of the
of
the
in
about
industrial
when
Phidias
last
^Ninethe
ment
develop-
the
pyramids
adorned
which
treasures
are
we
Athens
were
a
copy
posterity.
difference
which
were
the
hardy
!N'orsemen
the
the
the
''burn
not
perused
a
pine
knot
like
will
carry
the
more
in
tallow
"Kaiser
dip.
those
the
early trips
Continent,
The
studies
One
in
student
did
with
culty
diffi-
but
by
modern
Der
Wilhelm
merchandise
ships
his memorable
midnight oil,"
a
in
as
their
made
his after-dark
or
done
the American
Atlantic.
The
degree.
principle
Columbus
across
voyage
of
one
was
navigated
and
which
with
world
in
same
Newfoundland
and
merely
was
of
trade
carrying
of
far
when
or
dawn
mankind
as
artistic
the
The
to
so
as
inventions
the
found
Century
surrounded
and
that
AND
MANUFACTURERS.
forget,
generations,
teenth
CENTURY
TO
to
apt
are
few
NINETEENTH
REMARKS
tlie many
by
III.
a
year
the
light
ship
steam-
Grosse"
than
per-
PATENTS
OF
whole
the
haps
at the
to
Boston
or
and
is
often
1812, the
long
after
to.
Our
the
get
to
with
war
took
Spain
to
message
The
the
of
than
the
of.
Tubal
United
steel
Cain
to
was
fought
agreed
than
it
return.
of
was
and
hand
mostly homemade.
great industries
yet undreamed
been
consumed
Practically everything
and
had
and
war
fought
was
Europe
the
the
as
in less time
hemispheres
a
manufacture
battle
important
slow
and
late
As
as
important
transmitted
to be
York
so
most
treaty of peace
late
in two
the
only
land
York
was
disastrous.
most
finished
New
from
far
attempted
was
the
municipalities;
Communication
that
did
traffic ; New
distant
as
now.
were
result
of
was
uncertain
events
Steam
century.
passenger
far
13
amounted
carrying trade,
were
Philadelphia
Denver
of the
ocean
trade
CENTURY.
of America
commerce
the
carrying
and
NINETEENTH
beginning
affect
not
THE
of modern
It is said
that
for
States
the
1898
of
beginning
the
the
were
as
steel
put
out-
greater
was
from
manufacture
the
times
time
of
Nineteenth
Century.
Not
era
of the
one
had
been
living
than
marched
his
across
Julius
the
The
inaugurated.
Armies
low.
was
quicker
when
great enterprises of the present
in
the
legions
Csesar
Alps.
The
could
days
from
made
standard
when
Spain
his
moved
be
Italy,
wonderful
march
the
no
Hannibal
to
telegraph,
of
or
telephone,
NINETEENTH
14
PATENTS
OF
the
electric
light,
the
machine,
the
industrial
Russell
Darwin
in
and
scientific
the
whole
stone
To
the
He
be
it
in
in
a
that
or,
Age
pages
the
than
hint
more
require
of
book
space
more
this
Nineteenth
what
has
that
this
largely
most
the
which
to
But
been
generally
most
liberal
leads
It may
be
inventions,
the
said
and
Nineteenth
within
since
of
the
tion"
Inven-
this
of
era
nations.
patent
while
the
at their
than
portance
im-
could
The
portance
im-
understood
and
is the
in
the
fact
is due
period
patent system
Naturally
system
well
socially,are
overlooked
procession
that
derful
won-
many
Century inventions,
important
beneficent
progressive
great
a
character.
is not
what
supremely
the
uous
conspic-
and
perhaps,
scientifically,
industrially and
understood.
the
beginning
these
or
of the
history
is
the
of fire.
introduction
given
who
'*The
the
compares
would
and
with
of
important epoch
period
inventions
doctrine
says
most
calls
enumerate
the
natural
observer,
age.
the
fittest"
historic
and
with
as
of
marks
Century
yet undiscovered.
Wallace, who
cooperated
the
writer
a
in the
use
necessary
formulating
of
survival
and
common
arts, was
Alfred
as
typewriter, the sewing
machine, the locomotive,
machinery, in fact nearly
weaving
of
CENTURY.
the
mowing
modern
everything
**
THE
of
we
the
find
country
in inventions.
patent system
it is true
that
one
follows
is de-
NECESSAEY.
STIMULUS
pendent
all
nearly
much
the
on
the
for the
standard
would
other, still it is certain
world
have
of the
It
is not
show
he
to the
had
his
for
to
is
still he
which
to
family, would
not
have
labored
and
great expense
merely
to
the
secure
the
inventions
and
a
to hold
least, something
to induce
of
nature
inventor
go
have
himself
for
honor
It
to
never
of
and
at
years
great suffering in
at
great invention.
in the
tection
pro-
while
great inventors
most
denied
a
initial
would
have
forth
tically
prac-
authorities
quote
not
cases,
the
and
inherently selfish,and
approbation,
go,
so
intelligence
the
would
to
done
raised
general
it not
were
that
patent system.
man
extent
have
commercially
necessary
that
loves
and
been
developed
have
which
and
living
never
which
inventions
of
15
some
bringing
has
thing
required somepecuniary reward
or, at
the hope of reward,
out
to properly develop his
his
to exercise
ingenuity
the
to
utmost.
It is
general
the
or
the
He
men.
the
real
comprehend
and
earth.
but
has
He
orator
does
fears
a
mind
open
it may
be
found.
the
or
far
of mind
to
not
discover
He
does
and
his
a
sweep
heaven
ridicule,
even
truth
not
king
invent
everything between
nothing,
than
more
always
not
great
is the
inventor
but his breadth
machine,
of view
laud
philanthropist
some
inventor, but
among
ever
to
common
where-
always
in-
LITTLE
16
vent
macliine.
a
exercise
forth
He
his
or
human
idea
Fulton
or
of
the
the
attitude
like
the
trially
indus-
to
the
case
tal
men-
the
are
the
that
like
may,
ingenuity
in every
but
men
pour
may,
he
or
characteristics
and
such
It is to
his
race,
He
ages.
universe,
use
to
Copernicus, change
or
Morse,
help
the
ton,
Mil-
or
characteristics
mental
Columbus
Galileo
Homer
like
may,
delight
to
songs
THINGS.
same.
should
world
do
homage.
it may
Perhaps
this
has
to
do
patents, but
on
that
seen
the
modern
means
of
in
them,
great
every
the
commercial
reflection
instant's
an
which
inventions,
industrial
colossal
of
inventive
always
opened
a
work
lesser
by
of
it will
be
fabric, have
fortunes
field
value
really
for
especially in view
invention, instead
avenue
what
at first view
appear
with
these
the
not
along
which
has
all been
those
of the
of
tute
consti-
ested
inter-
fact that
closing
that
the
line, has
filled immediatel
been
iaventions
ever,
worthy, howexploitation and, as a rule,
of commercial
profitable.
The
the
inventions
smaller
profitable
most
somewhat
limited,
and
sum,
modest
of it.
while
fortunes
for
larger
to show
whose
one
because
exploited
the
to
frequently
are
means
fact
are
be
oped
devel-
comparatively
small
they
a
in
affairs
their
can
usually require
worth
or
the
lack
VALUE
18
the
of
cost
evident
the
of
trust
crush
But
or
have
a
a
given cost,
of
is of
line
invention.
having
outsider
gets
is
then
the
trust
that
the
good
for instance,
a
tain
cer-
Such
methods,
its
only
of
sumed.
con-
trust.
well-known
facilities.
better
a
machine
better
or
the
so
in
a
control
great
on
Suppose,
formed
outsider
of
quantity
manufacturing
a
means
course,
relative
or
that
or
article
make
must
of
process
terms
him.
will
offers
be
seen
almost
profits
the
business
have
outside
absorbed
There
are
destructive
form
of
facture
some
the
a
great
monopolies
articles
patent protection,
of
or
of
One
and
on
which
large
as
dinary
or-
that
is,
which
commerce.
ways
industries
trust
far
concerned,
lines
few
a
so
is
competition.
all
in the
of the
only
securing
investment
certain
pooling
of
business
protection
patent
means
reasonable
a
on
only
industrial
or
or
their
manufacture,
It
goods,
a
the
pooled
cheaper
with
close
easily,by
any
if the
so
leading manufacturers
the
can
at
and
patented
line
is
depending,
in the
that
a
goods
goods
good
a
of
cost
is of self-
staple goods
any
value
Nothing
as
in
better
value,
SYSTEM.
Competition
saving
making
PATE.NT
making
value.
small
line
OF
is
of
a
another
which
have
avoiding this
by combining
kind
certain
is to
there
become
manu-.
can
known
be
VALUE
OF
favored
and
lawful
by the
PKOTECTION.
trade
and
19
recognized
are
by
a
trade-mark.
fact
This
does
and
PKOPER
should
make
make
them
and
it should
careful
very
to
patented
also
that
see
that
so
manufacturers
good
a
them
invention
be
to
is properly
safely
can
"
up
cause
the
they
take
to
eager
"
invention
the
into
enter
its manufacture.
The
inventor
alert
lines
practical
along
"will also
strive
pointed
as
invent
to
in
out
another
chapter.
The
manufacturer
the
on
lookout
for
show
itself but
both
knowing
and
their
can
interests
and
many
patent
has
his
patent,
has
sell
or
nothing
of
for
value
a
prosecuted
Office.
when
patent
while
the
assailed
been
found
for
was
in
skilled
inventor,
of his
to
and
an
to
see
the
not
such
he
he
properly
pending
in
the
that
and
wishes
has
that
reason
less
ters,
mat-
validity
or
that
of
This
safeguarded.
those
by
or
more
careful
be
of
creature
a
instance
every
; and
qualities
is
patent
a
be
may
momentarily
properly
done
be
scope
that
are
likewise
which
elusive
skill, should
to
only
then
many
in
will
opportunity
and
the
statute, shaped
according
the
once
rights
patent
inventor
or
little
his
plication
ap-
prepared
Patent
20
CHAPTER
IS
WHAT
In
United
the
machine,
a
process,
as
mechanism
broad
As
is
and
the
if the
it is
patentable, but
improvement
to
an
wholly
a
machine
machine
if
parts
are
Usually
of elements
a
new
way
inanimate
power.
adopted
is
the
by
; that
and
must
existing
machines.
for
new
be
In
in which
made
As
seldom
parts.
to
new
consist
usually
it is very
is
is new,
machine
not
ever
patentable.
nominal
be
on
is
or
defines
applying
machine
with
one
a
courts.
does
is made
is doubtful
of
one
the
machine,
new
art
an
Dictionary
or
for
design.
a
is at all useful
this
novelty,
matter,
the
may
say,
or
of
useful
utility,this
to
manufacture,
utilizing
and
new
issued
are
combination
view
Office
Any
of
any
for
Patent
patents
Standard
The
"
machine
This
States
composition
Machine.
a
PATENTABLE.
article
an
lY.
in
a
that
fact, it
all the
new.
machine
a
old
so
as
in
to
consists
themselves,
accomplish
of
a
but
a
combination
combined
new
result
in
or
MANUFAOTUKE.
accomplisli
to
The
way.
some
difference
machine
is
its
all
to
of the
and
a
that
there
in the
must
between
contained
let
in
the
operative
be
claimed,
claims
Patent
States
intangible
to
the
the
and
and
while
the
secure
the
one
is too
a
enough
so
Law,
within
come
be
means
broad
principle
a
ture
struc-
machine
or
draw
principle, as
be
must
machine.
and
analogous structures
the inventor, still,
within
United
better
or
is
But
will
attorney
field
claim
is
parts
principle
new
ference
slight but the difvention
obvious, then there is in-
novelty
its
new,
cover
the
the
old
patentpjDle.
skillful
to
the
results
and
not
is
a
in construction
and
in
so
in
operative change
If the
ever
result
essential
one
new
new
old
an
21
ing
mean-
cannot
indefinite
of the
scope
claim.
Let
this
that
means
it be
subject
borne
which
within
to entitle
the
him
A
mechanical
Manufacture.
made
involve
scope
to
a
by
sufficient
of the
patent.
involve
means
mere
with
immediately following,
invention
is not
an
tion,
creanecessarily a new
inventor
but the
simply perceive a
may
of bettering mechanical
or
a
trivances
conway
and
the
result
proved
accomplish
by im-
come
and
in connection
those
and
means
to
mind
in
term
That
something
novelty
invention
is,the
proved
imthan
more
skill.
"
A
industrial
manufacture
art
or
is
processes
thing
anyor
COMPOSITION
22
skill,
whether
it
machinery.
is not
of matter
is
the
is
making
is
A
of
substance,
from
hides
In
or
chapter,
the
for
the
and
whether
chemically
make
in
the
an
art
the
or
improves
the
character
person
new,
or
in
art
is
invent
Beir
s
can,
An
kind
ing
polish-
a
hair
cetera.
in another
the
which
dients,
ingre-
they
combining
so
from
his
are
them,
that
any
tion,
descrip-
improvement,
usually
one
like
this
removing
otherwise,
or
advance
an
of
already
of most
will
useful
of
specify
of
construction
upon
of matter
composition.
new
indicates,
chair,
ing
mean-
some
stated
as
must
manner
the
position
com-
the
leather, et
patent
Improvements."
name
for
from
a
or
substances
example
proportions
skilled
a
more
has
substance
a
mingled
person
or
which
applicant
the
bag,
Within
two
grease
applying
a
a
plating compound,
a
patent
or
composition
a
well-known
explosive,
an
of
of trade
machine
of Matter."
substance
function.
the
by
example,
patent law,
a
article
an
article
a
by
or
of manufacture.
article
an
combination
a
for
;
Composition
of
hand
by
vendible
any
which
commerce
shoe
made
be
contemplated
as
law, comprises
a
MATTER.
Generally speaking,
manufacture,
or
OF
a
made
machine
in
which
existing. This
inventions.
or
its
as
discover
Morse's
invention
invention
of the
is
Sometimes
something
of
the
telephone,
a
tirely
en-
graph,
teleand
AKT
a
of
multitude
improve
PEOCESS.
OR
inventors
tlie
upon
if
will
tliey
the
Process.
or
reaching
distinct
from
An
is the
it
as
really
for
means
art
include
both
the
and
instrumentalities
patent, they
the
on
other,
one
one
anism
mech-
process.
of
tions
inven-
or
the
may
and
operation.
carrying
that
the
should
that
the
process
apparatus
or
as
process
for
in order
effect,but
in
the
the
or
of
result
practically
in
the
method
a
from
or
described
into
included
within
is
method
process
the
process,
certain
a
used
be
must
means
provement
im-
of
comprehensive
may
cover
such
;
accomplishing
most
and
function
or
itself
instrumentalities
Some
art
patent law,
result
the
device
the
accomplishing
or
or
the
of the
meaning
An
"
after
really improvements
are
tlieymaterially affect
device, are patentable.
Art
follow
original
if
or
23
be
may
be
so
they
pendent,
de-
cannot
practically be separated.
and
Broadly
generally
operative
new
A
result.
broadest
process
treatment
vrill
matter
cover
for
means
a
of
a
art
patent.
For
certain
those
whether
an
three
comprises
hand, by machinery
mere
performed. The
is
steps
in
fact
what
that
in
the
performed
they
they
are
the
if
a
the
claim
it will
way
a
tain
cer-
usually
steps
and
are
a
example,
distinct
steps
or
is
process
subject-matter,
three
the
or
accomplishing
for
patent
of
kind
art
an
not
by
are
per-
DESIGN
24
formed
by
unauthorized
an
of
infringement
an
if the
dependent
the
art
one
or
the
apparatus
independent claims.
process
the
and
But
to
This
for
The
the
of
or
claim
so
narrow
definit
in-
it is too
of
the
as
the
art
that
who
judge
individual
the
or
it must
be
by the
left
to
broad
so
should
there
to
are
this
the
be
in
so
matter
attorney,
of
circumstances
an
as
not
much
too
but
relating
for
patent
patentee
process,
what
only
be
not
is
tion.
discrimina-
and
a
a
included
be
include
must
in
each
case.
Designs."
The
statute
Any
person
who,
efforts
and
expense,
*'
genius,
limit
to
of claims
:
skill
under
distinctions
nice
will
should
should
They
included
be
inoperative art, they
an
practicing
many
what
claimed
process.
to
reads
prises
com-
producing
purview
can
utmost
claims
rightly
be
what
art and
an
requiring
art
of
subject
claim
can
by
law.
patent
one
process
art
an
be
the
cluded
in-
covered
though
within
come
are
be
the
both
capable
tangible, physical results, or else
so
is
employed
though
effect,al-
may
mechanism
or
be
process
other, both
it must
much,
or
into
and
patent
same
should
art
process
the
on
It
mechanism
any
mechanism
in the
and
from
the
carrying
claim.
that
entirely distinct
will constitute
party
the
understood
clearly
in
PATENTS.
relating
by
his
has
own
to
designs
industry,
invented
and
PATENTS.
DESIGN
26
be
not
Generally
regard
that
Will
:
While
the
exclusively
their
is the
patent
because,
as
covered
be
it may
not
a
man
increases
frame
a
purely
may
have
be
may
it may
be
of
designs
thousand
a
long
as
the
often
the
design
the
patent
means
For
of
to
of
one
other
usually
of
a
such
carriage,
a
carpets,
as
frame
mental
orna-
laces,
articles, and
the
protection.
is
a
patent.
the
cover
new
which
or
design
a
ple,
exam-
and
configuration
is
though
frame
fabrics, such
or
structure
even
machine,
by
body
and
form
only
the
them,
coniiguration
patent
necessary
the
the
advantageous
covered
cultivator,
and
of
value
for
machine
is
shape
design
a
case
ornamental.
a
of
because
new
design
a
be
the
Perhaps
of
by
which
shape,
Any
cases
protecting
patent
a
obtained.
be
cannot
rule,
a
line
out-
ical
mechan-
even
such
of
means
proper
relates
are
chieHy
in
?
shape,
there
ceived
de-
other
patent
and
and
shape
be
the
or
still
valuable
are
peculiar
for
coniiguration
of manufacture
articles
articles
can
the
to
in
as
same
purchaser
design
a
ornamentation,
or
where
of
claim
design.
a
trade-mark,
a
design
one
the
of
ordinary
an
mistake
and
is
rule
infringement
an
for
patent
a
the
speaking,
to
is
of
infringement
an
so
essential,
proper
and
27
y.
CHAPTER
CAVEATS.
while
Caveats,
still allowed
certain
and
filed to
are
gradually falling
really
person
he
of
written
a
done,
in
the
fee.
caveat
renewed
be
renewing
the
fee.
Caveats
can
be
States
filed
that
of
this
be
from
in
is
When
a
complete,
be
can
the
force
to
of
been
tion,
inven-
the
year
citizens
by
it has
only, though
Congress
to
less
or
will
The
can
caveat
inventor.
more
Office,
drawing, if this
Office
by paying
a
Patent
and
year,
A
description
with
together
statute
Patent
disuse.
the
invention,
an
file
into
to
the
in
extent
little value
has
can
a
the
by
scribed
prefor
by
year
the
a
United
recommended
privilege be
extended
to
foreigners.
The
does
the
it
caveat
not
right
merely
other
give
entitles
same
not
him
conferred
party
the
does
protect
right, as,
any
by
the
him
applies
thing
the
to
for
while
a
issue
inventor
for
of
notice
a
example,
patent,
in
patent
his caveat
and
case
for
but
some
tially
substan-
is in force.
28
CAVEATS.
As
the
he
the
himself
and
file
with
the
application
has
doubtful
he
had
condition
his
as
files his
then
interferences
suit
will
is mentioned
to
say
that
be
cannot
who
one
not
but
and
issued
the
be
to
proves
the
is
practice concerning
thoroughly
the
well
subject
will
complete
a
show.
a
he
If
the
same
he
it may
has
be
claim
of
it
well
a
test
con-
patent
a
on
patent obviously
has
contest
will
be issued
first inventor.
very
which
settled
be
his
styled, is
so
this
patent
filing
subject
hereafter, but as
the
as
both,
to
as
it is
The
who
applicants
of interferences
matter
the
hand.
is of
really
applicant
interference,
an
settled, and
first
other
and
say,
claims
and
treated
be
invention,
same
in
an
article
of
papers
on
filed
is to
incidentally here,
between
the
the
by
interference
an
caveat
ence
interfer-
caveat
time
the
application,
claimed
matter
the
invention
an
in
advantage
; that
at
patent,
a
has
This
and
is that
for
similar
a
claims.
that
evidence
caveat
who
to evidence
only
good
party
on
right,
notice
a
declared
character,
amounts
such
be
patent
a
similar
filed
will
other
for
exclusive
an
application
an
he
thereupon
not
from
only advantage
can
a
has
caveator
to
to the
This
important
one,
is intricate
in every
treated
in
be
and
particular,
a
separate
chapter.
Concerning
it
will
the
be
subject
clearly
in
seen
hand,
from
to
wit,
the
veats,
ca-
few
CAVEATS.
remarks
relating to
and
evidence,
it at
If
instead
of
him
to
his
application
a
and
the
who
he
caveat,
in
advantage
of
first
is
proof
had
made
to
enable
and
filed
had
would
he
patent,
a
off,because
the
first
have
applicant
interference
an
the
on
case,
second
cant,
appli-
show
by strong proof that
conceive
and
was
using
must
the
was
for
burden
of his
time.
better
decided
as
reputable
they had
that
operative device,
an
much
by
sufficiently complete
show
be
drawing
a
oath
filing his
invention
has
make
merely
would
it witnessed
could
his
been
made
is
caveat
a
inventor
merely
certain
a
that
the
had
who
persons
seen
had
and
invention
them
that
off if he
well
29
to
diligence
the
reduce
to
he
sonable
rea-
invention
to
advisable
to
practice.
There
file
a
are
Such
caveat.
where
a
where
cases
a
in
has
party
it may
and
complete
may
be
invention
evidence
the
mind
as
far
as
disclosed
of
and
filing the
In
file
such
caveat
a
which
made
caveat
the
out
completed,
having
tion,
inven-
only knows
work
to
be, perhaps,
complex
a
invention.
advantage
itself of
date
The
his
to
the
might
case
partially completed,
he will
how
general way
be
details
to the
of
filing caveats
average
inventor
for the
would
to the
is
;
it
case
be
extent
therein.
practice
a
invention
the
and
in
not
mended
recom-
first,because
at
CAVEATS.
30
of
the
inadequate
while
still, if
of
taken
in
who
is
The
supposed
not
that
owing
largely
Patent
Office
made,
the
nearly
every
to
when
cost
of
The
complete
possible
the
fees
patent
wasted.
has
as
and
better
make
this,
fee
of
inventor,
value
that
in
similar
the
another
case
still
him
give
for
is
while
thing,
to
remedy
no
the
the
such
neglect
of
him.
caveat
the
the
instance
his
notice
a
of
cost
little
fact
bound
not
notify
to
Moreover,
the
is
he
and
Office
the
for
expert,
an
wealthy.
of
are
to
say,
tion
prepara-
average
very
further
application
an
notice,
the
entitled
is
caveator
be
to
the
the
to
caveats
to
the
Government
the
something
to
expensive,
by
and
with
is
very
requires
specification,
is
that
"
itself
it
and,
caveat,
specifications
connection
fact
files
and
a
dollars,
ten
in
filed,
drawings
the
expense
not
properly
least,
at
or,
is
caveat
a
the
of
because
second,
of
protection
fees
at
application
time
is
on
is
application
to
seems
much
practice
apply
not
patent
caveat
so
invention
do
for
and
for
letters
in
money
inventor
the
early
as
be
a
date
as
patent.
31
YI.
CHAPTER
MAY
WHO
Section
of the
4886
^
"Any
*
construed
male
to
a
married
that
held
as
also
resulted
invention
could
make
the
patent
invention
States
a
valid
of the
make
must
oath
and
the
real
issues
the
oath
to them.
the
in the
the
a
only
inventor
or
made
patent
are
the
will
by
proved.
ventors
in-
duce
introfor
patent,
as,
in
United
the
on
the
inventors,
and
if the
who
one
patent
be
an
joint
first to
issue
invention
the
and
case
issue
But
can
are
inventor
to him
facts
to
forth
bringing
would
Britain.
real
been
whose
of persons
obtain
patent
It has
as
can
instance, in Great
minor,
application
foreign countries,
many
an
in
a
embraced
alien.
an
been
whether
person
number
any
efforts
and
any
ent."
pat-
a
have
and
single ;
or
combined
In
obtain
woman,
or
well
as
and
classes
further
man
that
says
person"
"any
mean
female,
in these
'^
^
may
be
or
Statutes
-^
'^
words
woman
PATENT.
A
Revised
person
The
the
OBTAIN
held
plicatio
apwho
plicatio
ap-
is not
afterward
invalid
Further,
if
the
WOMEN
32
invention
some
and
INVENTOKS.
this
make
must
If the
inventor
has
refuses
under
obligation
to the
proper
invention
the
inventor
and
can
execute
make
to
be
can
of
the
the
plicatio
ap-
only
compelled
invention
the
straining
re-
of
but
assignment,
assign, he
apply
disposing
him
no
assignment
an
to
the
to
party.
proper
Some
women
inventions
value.
This
Patent
Ofiice
has
'
'
to
of the
sale
have
such
United
and
the
published
styled
list makes
mere
great
that
has
States
many
of
been
extent
an
pamphlets
the
and
and
are
is true
for
Inventors
prolificinventors
are
of their
and
is
when
injunction
an
from
the
and
can
owner
get
compel
to
agreement
ventor
in-
application
so, the
and
court
fact, the
assigned
the
do
to
If there
an
been
make
to
ventor,
in-
application.
the
invention
by-
the
than
other
but, notwithstanding
owned
be
may
corporation
or
person
issue
to
patent
Women
"
quite
a
spectable
re-
volume.
In
connection
with
it may
of
the
first
record
a
to
the
little
:
by
'*
A
east
caves
doors, and
of
a
of
the
River
these
these
doors
Eev.
the
were
Dr.
caves
hung
N.
D.
dwelt
came
on
any
from
race
had
one
is
quote
Men
Jordan.
little
that
there
To
ago
ventors
in-
women
note
which
of
years
and
to
woman.
lecture
thousand
of
subject
interest
inventions
reported
recent
Hillis
of
be
made
was
this
to
little
hinges.
INVENTORS.
JOINT
34:
Joint
the
Inventors."
is not
should
a
if this
because,
mentioned
for
apply
but
if there
say,
if
idea,
another
applicants
a
distinction
carry
his
make
the
of
ideas
each
that
the
is to
general
tails
de-
improved
together,
ing
suggest-
one
join
must
when
it
as
issues,
great
will
make
less
of such
supposed
has
an
and
mechanic
inventor
the
and
and
such
to be
that
a
undoubted
this
'Not
is in
not
quently,
infrethe
does
ploy
em-
good
which
is
is the
real
thing.
of
to
does
really
he
capable
is not
workman
who
statement,
credence,
who
inventor.
an
there
skill.
inventor
an
skilled
a
employ
into
effect, but
skillful
that
however,
invention
for
mechanic
a
or
he
certain
patent,
between
to
a
is not
the
part
invention,
own
instance,
work
unusual
mechanic
more
for
understood,
be
must
work,
his
on
improving, they
else
or
distinct
invalid.
be
It is very
and
thus
another
and
the
of
part,
operative device,
contributes
they
that
part
distinct
joint contribution,
a
brings,
one
and
It
is
distinct
a
and
an
patent
a
It
invention.
another
case
constitutes
must
will
is the
all
by
joint inventors,
invent
produce or
machine, a second,
one
made
to the
make
to
be
must
is
ing
work-
minds
more
contribute
necessary
invention
an
or
application
parties who
the
a
of two
joint product
together
is
Where
The
doing
right
to
given
ventor
in-
inventor
all
things
obtain
the
WOKKMAN
best
skill
that
is
obtainable
to
draughtsman
suitable
such
long
so
the
the
as
workman,
he
and
as
his
invention
as
a
into
he
case
be
this
In
other
Persons
right
on
to
and
make
themselves
ideas
to
the
to
for
apply
of
the
and
tain
ob-
as
not
a
own
embrace
must
such
he
carries
employer,
the
in
one
to
issue
to
inventor
the
other
one
and
some
must
be
fected
ef-
work
have
assignment.
to
do
time
entirely independent
and
invention,
his
by
inventor, this
an
employed
their
is
to
or
proper
the
tributes
con-
applicant in the other.
skill is exercised, but invention
an
patent
inventor
skill
patent himself
much
not
of
thought
not
his
part, and
to
as
inventions,
must
ics
mechan-
thereby impaired
substance
out
person
by
is not
real
joined
case
the
them
by
If the
than
machine,
a
get good
workman
only
or
take
or
it be
the
effect ideas
must
skilled
a
patent.
the
whole
;
mechanical
good
brings the
perfect right
If, however,
to
be
may
get
ideas
notwithstanding the
skillful, still,
very
but
inventor
valid
a
usually
also
his
out
suggest
may
work
a
35
parts, assemble
the
has
carry
will
practical minds,
that
to
will
He
design.
changes
their
fact
his
make
to
INVENTOB.
give his ideas
if
machine,
to
and
shape,
he
say,
AS
skilled
to
but
carry
their
from
be
such
changes
those
into
ideas
of
a
effect independe
must
their
be
ployers,
em-
improvements
or
of
as
mechanism
EMPLOYEE
36
would
not
mechanic
the
without
and
employ
his
own
has
the
a
the
such
legal right
interfere
hand,
his
on
employer'
s
a
an
court
and
the
which
use
This
not
the
implied
transferable
the
in
give
not
license
this
time
such
general
on
and
his
ployer
em-
invention.
has
If,
made
and
has
an
used
the
case,
ployee
em-
the
will
the
enforce
right
to
in his business.
as
if the
is
the
employer
transferable, which
employer
license,
and
issue
to
materials, he
own
jurisdiction
the
must
invention
an
inventor, but
invention
of the
in
employee
materials,
venting
in-
duly assigned
invention
employer's
competent
will
patent
with
implied license,
of
the
be
the
of
purpose
while
to the
are
has
employee
his
result
desired
One
makes
with
and
the
the
must
employee,
is still the
has
and
the
inventor.
the
case
employer,
time
invention
his
for
things,
ideas
Employee."
employer
of the
other
is the
person
in
cannot
on
mechanic
If the
him.
which
by
chine,
ma-
merely
certain
to do
accomplish
the
to
inventor
to
application
any
legally
like
means
and
but
the
as
the
of
complete
made
hire
to
the
mechanic's
Employer
ordinary-
an
suggestions
the
the
result, then
to
would
to
and
obtained,
sign
posing
one
specifying
shaped
the
constitute
he
suggests that
right
If
really
and
EMPLOYEE.
themselves
suggest
mechanic.
skilled
is
AND
above
remarked,
employer
is
extinguished by
a
the
is
poration,
cor-
dis-
DECEASED
solution
the
of
the
that
then,
perfect
right
he
fit.
sees
act
that
do,
but
an
Inventor."
and
dies
patent,
a
the
completed,
prosecuted
loatent
his
deprive
has
it
a
invention
the
patent
seen,
do
or
any
might
owner
of
employer
the
licensee.
a
invention
the
of
be
case,
a
it, lease
and
inventor
cannot
for
If
sell
will
snch
use
any
can
Deceased
A
It
in
make
to
He
he
37
corporation.
employee,
any
of
rights
INVENTOR.
the
the
his
to
Office
legal
cation
appli-
an
is
application
be
made
or
administrator.
or
the
will,
no
makes
person
can
executor
leaves
go
a
making
before
or
deceased
Patent
before
application
by
will
If
right
to
representatives.
Persons
Employees.
in
the
"
employ
of
the
procuring
an
after
Office
while
patents
although
patent
Patent
employee
he
has
in
may
left
the
such
employment,
obtain
properly
Patent
from
barred
are
Office.
a
YII.
CHAPTER
PATENTABILITY.
COI^rCEKN'ING
invent
must
in
tliat
requires
is
did
more
Any
fairiy
machinist,
exist,
a
the
work
in
of
to
depart
but
sufficient
ordinary
he
has
who
from
had
skill
requirements
existing
is
ble
capabefore
quire
re-
building
two
forth
a
the
through
on
do
hardly
bringing
so
a
mechanics.
workman
the
in
and
is
work
will
way
as
not
his
find
machinists
same
such
did
of
scarcely
Two
has
meet
which
machine,
realm
statute
artisan,
exigencies
will
the
other
or
because
well-known
The
carpenter,
alike.
thing
some-
the
but
;
tion
invenof
mechanic,
something
exactly
word
out
exist
resourceful
One
the
ful.
use-
this.
creating
it.
whole
before
not
than
requires
of
one
and
new
bringing
or
statute
patent
a
something
contriving
which
The
obtain
to
definition
popular
the
of
order
discover
or
The
their
Invention."
Constitutes
What
not
called
models
upon
considerable
to
perience
ex-
enable
of
to
to
his
a
him
trade
certain
really
to
and
tent,
ex-
create
DOUBLE
invent
or
his
use
obtained,
will have
they
invention
by
original thought,
the
discoveries
things
is that
while
by employing
good
them, or
judgment
combining
in
things
produced
utilizes
skill
of others, either
that
so
between
is
mere
as
tofore
here-
from
one
gether
to-
ways
real distinction
skill
quired
re-
put
those
differences
The
mere
is not
to
from
combine
functional
and
he
faculty
results
to
or
combined.
already
is to say,
essentially new
different
accomplish
39
inventive
in such
things
to
; that
anything
to
USE.
imitation
by
in
or
selecting and
them
applying
to
tical
prac-
results.
If
a
uses
his
to the
world
person
really gives
and
new
the
public
for
the
patent
the
intent
not
for
merely
It
and
and
which
will
the
of
skill, no
new
to
is very
issue
statute
is what
adapt
the
Use, and
]"iirposes
can
if
it is
reward
this
but
the
the
new
courts
result
is
person
Double
merely
for
for
quired
re-
This
use.
term
cover
disdoes
change
some
a
quo
will
though
to
done
pro
a
person
previously used
used
to advantage
tool
be
that
offer
thing,
and
has
great its order.
a
even
thing
Office
it follows
a
old
unless
the
Patent
that
an
he
the
him, but
to
that
thing
some-
which
quid
a
to
how
invention,
important,
to
in
given
matter
for
use
amount
public
tangible,
has
frequently happens
a
not
is real
service
a
the
to
or
and
faculty,
useful, something
obtained
result
inventive
covers
dis-
certain
another
ISSUED
40
lie has
purpose
PATENTS.
made
not
of
has
enlarged the use
Moreover, the invention
Ibe
is not
that
one
is not
the
Issued
patents
are
which
practical use.
The
open
to the
is
presumed
fact
the
that
invention
notice
had
machine
invention
new
itself to
a
examination
man
cannot
he
that
one
of
article
been
applied
does
the
known
of
meaning
of the
wrenches
and
they
then
are,
not
old
the
is
if
a
the
If, then, the
then
anything,
tions.
sugges-
to
process
it had
the
facture
manu-
before
never
patentable invention,
a
of
old
machinery
to
form
inventions
hooks,
old, as we
provides
a
single
nor
new
well-
within
If stove
be
a
of
Aggregations
screw-drivers
one
of
obvious
out
an
statute.
if
still the
as
invented
have
invention.
do
a
would
which
to
is not
things
cover
Office
inventor,
followed
application
involve
Patent
in
put
existing patents,
to
application
cover
may
been
built.
oi
readily suggest
ordinary skill,after a perusal
held
merely
an
use
is
of
be
has
The
been
they
any
know
to
description
the
really
person
and
but
and
subsequent
any
that
and
patents may
been
made,
never
file at
on
must
public
never
issued
drawings
are
to
has
has
makes
is to say,
; that
though
subject-matter
which
he
object.
skill.
mere
inventor
subsequent
their
existence, even
machine
which
obvious
of
result
well-known
a
ply
sim-
but
invention,
an
the
socket
tool
know
hav-
DISCOVEBY
42
size
of
form
or
composing
other
or
AND
whole,
a
the
it would
not
porcelain
for
the
been
porcelain
inventor
without
composition
the
utility,and
be
of
new
heretofore
have
some
result,
Defined."
Law,
certain
it
of
or
from
makes
or
duce
proany
the
function
a
able
patent-
amount
obvious
not
a
feature,
new
which
gives
principle
of
or
law
consists
of
in
tion
invennot
use
to
practice.
Tests
of
Patentable
stated, probably
patentable novelty
existing
a
in the
skilled
art
mechanic
and
of the
one
:
Is
would
the
As
best
there
the
reducing
Novelty."
is this
which
first finding
within
nature
patentable subject-matter
same
to
the
existing.
some
the
which
to
use
a
possess
patentable discovery
range
of
composition
of the Patent
must
else
the
to
information,
or
a
Invention
meaning
new
as
then
put.
and
must
some
it
had
knob.
composition,
new
cover
may
invention
source
a
regard
Discovery
Within
were
common,
porcelain
door
a
merely
substitute
to
though
does
another.
be
to
invention
for
dye,
a
for
knobs
used
curvature
does
material
even
could
of
shape
one
door
wood,
of
Neither
involve
before
matter
A
of
of articles
number
degree
the
as
wooden
Supposing
If the
the
to invention.
substituting
never
the
or
or
dimension,
amount
not
thing
a
DEFINED.
INVENTION
viously
pre-
tests
of
anything
naturally
alleged
gest
sug-
inven-
TESTS
tion
If
?
OF
there
is
it would
held
be
If the
; for
important
and
it makes
makes
a
better
in
results
the
judge
one
utility of
shown
as
when
of
by
made
of
A
even
decided
though
to
good
possible
not
which
come
It is not
to
that
unusual
scheme
the
contrivance,
for
art
by
it
evidence
is, nevertheless,
in
to the
the
trary,
con-
or
in the
result,
quite
means
existing,
fluence
in-
ilar
sim-
is ordinarily
of invention.
Patentable."
not
the
for
It
great ingenuity and
use
which
within
as
controlling
heretofore
evidence
one
is
Or
true
evidence
accomplished
or
evidence
direction, and
in the
advance
is useful
advertising
cost
betterment
or
exercise
generally
something
and
in that
Inventions
for
is
it
invention,
something
Some
it
pretty conclusive
will
less
generaL public demand
is not
conclusive
known,
highly persuasive
absence
machine
the
and
novelty
of
instrument
machine,
a
a
invention.
''While
says:
achieved
conclusive
involves
matter
new
a
is
essentially better
fact
it is almost
significantand
that
this
way,
that
true
result
at
has
or
tion,
func-
of function
if it is
article
articles
any
the
but
in
change
change
example,
given
43
generally
as
essentially obvious,
not
NOVELTY.
essential
an
is invention.
there
is
PATENTABLE
has
and
never
of the
a
to invent
which
is
an
yet may
patent law.
purview
person
vent
in-
existed
before
valuable, and
is
excellent
a
certain
thing,
44
wMcli
has
is not
scheme
put
in such
head
of
or
Many
there
is
latter
new
business
does
which
shape
of
the
along
out
can
scheme,
the
of
but
lines
rule
one
would
he
a
of
have
be
has
do
a
or
able
patentmethod
the
work
under
comes
its
peculiar
patented,
evolved
is to
get
the
an
but
idea
what
discover
people
invoke
cannot
not
can-
patentable
and
may
other
ever
intangible things.
book
can
is
which
but
this
and
have
may
render
but
mental
a
which
may
one
all he
it, before
he
the
protection
of
law.
which
Inventions
are
When
method.
these
book
the
arrangement,
not
is in
is
one
be
to
as
unpatentable
invention
the
so
vice
de-
a
advertising.
classification
which
or
tive.
remunera-
It
valuable,
the
art
an
advertising
scheme
accurate,
more
head
the
If
or
the
of
And
or
is
under
bookkeeping,
easier
under
between
method
subjects. Likewise,
of
be
very
difference
a
method
come
are
simple.
in such
put
not
it cannot
on
patentable.
not
ingenious,
out
them
or
and
pure
be
is
scheme
a
process
so
of
some
the
yet
of matter.
taken
are
tising
adver-
and
because
composition
a
But
The
better
before
patentable
and
and
done
been
patents
devices
to do
tangible shape as to come
a
machine,
manufacture,
a
process,
PATENTABLE.
tlie advertiser
enables
than
a
NOT
INVENTIONS
not
patentable,
cannot
be
laid
are
and
down
against public policy
while
as
a
to
hard
what
and
fast
inventions
INVENTIONS
against
are
has
for
class
public
held
been
gambling
and
that
slot
such
are
such
not
machines
are
not
45
still
or
purposes
as
PATENTABLE.
policy,
whether
knows
usually
It
NOT
inventions
patentable.
the
inventor
is
used
the
case.
merely
of
this
46
CHAPTER
USE
PEIOR
The
invention
any
country
invention
to the
thereof,
the
proved
statute
is
given.
It is
is
a
good
of the
the
the
use
for
to
provided
defense
patent
to
original
and
invention
by
another
and
invention.
use
for
show
his
than
public
than
the
but
the
first inventor
patented.
than
the
use
Such
or
by
of
in
prior
the
unless
The
its substance
statute
that
it
infringement
patentee
or
or
sale
on
years
was
not
discoverer
prior
inventor,
occurring prior
or
prior
years
two
only
action
that
two
abandoned.
further
an
discovery
patent,
been
quoted,
not
before
printed publication
any
more
have
used
or
before
for
application
is
same
States
in
in
to be
discovery thereof,
more
application, or
United
to
or
invention
an
known
or
described
EXPERIMENTS.
tliat
be
not
or
patented
in
USE"
provides
mnst
applicant's
the
PUBLIC
"
statute
patentable
YIII.
to the
use
the
of
means
edge
knowl-
patentee's
PUBLIC
The
use
not
not
been
this
A
country.
and
the
made
have
the
prior
take
to
make
will
invention
and
the
invalidate
prior
takes
If
use
is set up,
that
as
the
prior patent
will
unless
the
he
really
have
Years'
made,
used
the
The
is
has
disclosed
claims
of
the
for
later
a
when
it
and
defense.
the
same
patentee,
identical, the
not
are
a
will
as
proof,
such
periment,
ex-
doned
aban-
defendant,
by
invalidate
an
nature,
a
statute,
issued
been
of
such
establish
to
of fact,
These
of
the
some
substance
nature
burden
on
that
to
the
fense
de-
the
of
matter
a
the
of
subsequent
the
as
not
are
patent.
though
Two
in
meaning
a
invention
was
patent
happens
abandoned.
strong proof
even
American
containing
was
prior patent
a
tion,
inven-
same
reference
a
was
experiments
within
ent
pat-
a
public before
often
thing patented, when,
prior
the
advantage
it very
use,
alleged prior invention
the
publication
or
made
the
in
invention.
defense
of the
printed
a
invalidate
or
been
obtained
attempting
of
it had
invention
its
substantially
who
the
In
application
must
person
before
foreign patent
disclose
must
abroad
in
described
or
anywhere
anticipate an
to
invention
the"patent here, providing
patented
publication
47
of the
knowledge
or
affect
will
USE.
subsequent
patentee
can
show
one
that
first inventor.
Public
or
Us"."
sold
his
The
inventor
invention
may
in
the
EXPEEIMENTS.
48
United
States
tMs
but
valid
for
will
than
more
for
patent,
the
fact
two
and
long as his work
If, however, the
the
used
be
can
as
a
'Not
he
can
with
either
be
it to
allows
or
without
Experiments.
of
public
experiments.
public
so
use
long
for
the
as
for
that
the
If
profit,and
is
and
use
A
public
for
by
or
than
more
and
a
connection
as
public.
if
generally,
prior
use
with
is the
experiment
of
meaning
is bona
experiment
the
testing
the
inventor
not
for
use,
uSe
patent
persons
the
of
the
valid
fact
patent,
long public
to
two
this
valid
a
or
compensation.
this
is
the
never
statute,
fide
the
of
matter
and
qualities
uses
ject
sub-
of
is
the
invention
experimental purposes,
though in some
instances, if
incidental,
profit was
in
result
profit to show
the
sold
obtain
public
within
purpose
invention.
In
"
so
years,
made
invention
used
been
has
such
inventor
any
many
obtain
of the
more
have
may
application,
construe
for
nature.
publicly
abandonment
an
he
lic
pub-
experimental
an
cannot
in
States
for
inventor
he
will
of
his
continued
been
not
United
though
was
to
proved,
court
in the
article
prior
years
has
invention
the
on
a
prior to his application
oath
to
honestly make
can
even
profit,
obtaining
been
not
invention
sale
for
from
has
years
the
on
him
use
he
years,
work
at
two
that
or
use
debar
not
and
extent
great
a
if sucli
patent
than
to
or
it
the
was
necessary
inventor
how
to
to
50
II,
BOOK
CHAPTER
APPLICATION.
THE
The
of
matter
is
patent
of
more
it
is
his
be
Patent
of
natural
practice
this
that
if
they get
Office
Patent
patent
from
had
not
the
is
a
a
this
patenting
who
and
attend
truth.
all, it
at
to
patent
covers
under
and
added
and
it.
to
Many
in this
the
could
their
experience
people
think
line
seal
everything,
Nothing
liar
pecu-
naturally
are
have
experience
patent.
all
Moreover,
is intricate
persons
work
to
competent
have
that
well.
patenting
those
is
him, and
to
necessary
of
worthy
ventor.
in-
that
again,
other
any
qualifications by study
who
a
is
only
qualified for
are
than
a
invention
an
him
to
the
to
properly safeguarded.
Office
and
has
absolutely
invention
worthy
he
for
application
importance
come
therefore
if the
is
never
importance
rights
tlie
that
be
may
will
as
making
of supreme
one
It
such
I.
of
and
be
the
that
farther
THE
A
APPLICATION.
application
patent
which
patent
will
which
prosecution
let the
patent go to
protect the
will
not
him
Patent
the
Office is often
in
manner
which
In
sacrificed.
issue
but
that
the
claims
by
such
claims.
a
An
is anxious
who
will
sometimes
and
permit
which
the
are
the
patent
Patent
Office
powerless
may
matter
he
until
attempts
develop
is
a
a
lot
of
help
to
to
to
or
to
to market
are
it often
be
so
so.
reject
the
torney
at-
allowance
rejected claims
issue
fault
claims
upon
The
examiner
and
inventor.
is
at
cally
practi-
The
nothing
exploitation
sell it
and
the
know
probably
in the
at
the
see
drawn
quick
get
not
to
unscrupulous
insufficient.
wholly
in
essentially
must
or
to go
is
would
to
cancel
given
examiner
been
examiner
incompetent
sonable
rea-
allowable, whereas
not
they
the
case
have
are
amendment
proper
In
they
when
interests
subject-matter
is
claims
invention
important
the
he
have
inventor's
the
in terms
with
Every
that
that
of
case,
inventor
happens
new,
petent
incom-
an
exasperated
the
an
the
would
protection.
adequate
if
The
difficult
charge
of
skill
and
diligence
and
details
to.
most
has
person
and
application
the
properly
negligent
or
likely to
draw
to
tlie
;
referred
of
one
petition,
a
oath
hereinafter
be
specificationis
instruments
embodies
and
specification, drawings
of
51
entee
pat-
of
the
of his invention
get money
it. The
to
erly
prop-
prospective
ATTORNEYS.
52
investor, being
a
be
experience,
may
but
almost
he
will
his
to
counsel
the
invention
His
counsel
tlie world
of
man
with,
pleased
if the
see
capital and
seeing
the
interest
so
sees
the
must
that
that
the
report
from
he
him,
to
invention
an
have
it would
of
tried
has
of
;
interest
to
mortification
out
if his
infringement
and
claims.
so
away
whom
fortune
a
his
slip
further
person
making
to
fortune
a
same
similar
matter
valid
is
patentee is unable
have
the
invention,
by the
properly covered
will, on investigation, see
consequently
may
having
the
patent
patent is wholly inadequate and
and
the
refer
invariably
to
and
been
patent had
pable
pal-
a
been
erly
prop-
obtained.
Business
is the
cheap help
it is not
say,
the
employ
dug
a
and
best
the
always
cheapest
is not
such
small
proper
work.
The
Patent
familiar
either
are
fees
with
it is
but
if
-digger
so
very
Office
they
advises
matters
cannot
an
' '
or
have
is
ence
differ-
the
The
widely
incom|)etent
than
counsel
and
great.
to
is to be
ditch
Good
end
is to
profitable
rather
advertise
that
such
in the
a
that
professional
a
less money.
patent agents who
cheaply
put
reasonably,
for
in cost
of
ditch,
ditch
him
pay
man
poorer
a
to
rule
; that
expensive
most
profitable
digging
to
man
the
usually recognize
men
majority
work
and
else work
afford
applicant
to employ
for
to
do
unless
a
com-
IMPORTANT
SOME
petent attorney
largely
inventor
an
skillful
and
skill.
many
incompetent
reliable
and
who
of
their
have
clients'
to
to
fortune
a
Sections'
short
most
in their
4884.
title
"
inventor
and
assigns, for
a
a
right
to
ten
the
by
copy
of
the
for
penditure
ex-
he
sum,
may
the
person,
inventor
or
work
of
ture
na-
any
parts
of
the
to
the
use
his
and
years,
vend
the
particulars
specification and
and
heirs
of the
the
a
or
nature
patentee,
of seventeen
make,
invention
its
:
contain
shall
patent
follows
as
discovery throughout the United
the
Territories
thereof, referring
specification
of
prosecution
or
and
to
It is of
essential
Every
grant
term
from
but
discovery, correctly indicating
design,
will
end.
patent
description
or
care
employ good counsel.
important statutes
relating
to
of the
are
any
any
fees
to take
additional
for
and
reasonable
case,
in the
country,
competent
the
for
legal
doubt,
no
competent
Office
having
patents
for
small
whatsoever
Some
work
more
importance
otherwise,
cities
perhaps,
Patent
himself
utmost
large
the
excuse
poor
the
person,
of this
save
in
The
dollars
of
no
are,
interests.
such
pay
twenty-five
an
ordinary
there
thoroughly
are
is
through
attorneys
who
attorneys
patents depends
There
While
in most
are
53
preparation
suffers
if he
advice
still there
of
value
claims."
and
specification
for
the
as
the
npon
STATUTES.
or
clusive
ex-
tion
invenStates
to
the
thereof.
A
drawings
shall
54
IMrOETANT
SOME
annexed
be
STATUTES.
the
to
and
patent
be
part
a
thereof.
Section
4886.
discovered
or
known
useful
his
used
or
in this
or
prior
years
use
two
or
is
thereof,
in this
prior
proved
matter,
or
thereof,
not
ented
pat-
or
before
his invention
more
than
and
for
been
two
in
not
application,
have
to
not
before
country
country
his
to
any
printed publication
any
application,
sale
on
years
same
in
his
to
art, machine,
of
foreign country,
any
invented
discovery thereof, and
or
discovery
or
useful
in this
others
described
or
has
improvements
by
invention
and
composition
or
and
who
person
new
any
manufacture
new
Any
"
lic
pubthan
more
unless
the
abandoned,
may,
payment of the fees required by law, and
due
a
proceeding had, obtain
patent
upon
other
therefor.
4887.-1^0
Sectioi^
shall
thereto
for
his
be
the
by
or
application
than
more
the
no
for
Section
shall
4889."
or
his
or
be
a
this
When
be
unless
in
in this
nature
w^as
the
to
country,
the
of its
ented
pat-
legal representatives
prior
granted
ent
patshall
to
foreign patent
months
in
caused
foreign country,
a
said
seven
application
patent
patented
in
receiving
discovery, nor
invalid, by reason
inventor
assigns
from
entitled
or
declared
first
been
having
debarred
invention
patent
any
be
otherwise
person
the
filed
filingof
which
case
country.
of
the
case
SOME
of
admits
one
copy,
in
which
of
Patent
as
filed in the
be
the
drawing,
Office, shall be
of the
Sectioit
4890.
is of
if
furnish
When
"
the
of
he
does
same
state
oath
was
what
be
may
United
made
when
oaths, or
the
country,
before
consul,
commercial
under
the
before
any
in which
Section
by
applicant
of
applicant
On
make
oath
be
to
the
or
patent
a
believe
used
provemen
im-
that
the
shall
Such
citizen.
a
the
; that
; and
person
within
law
administer
to
resides
in
a
the
foreign
commission
agent, holding
notary public
489B."
pose
pur-
minister, charge d'affaires,
Government
the
the
composition
is
any
the
of
or
he
before
any
shall
discoverer
not
known
authorized
States
cant,
appliof
for
shall
solicits
does
country
the
himself
or
he
and
before
ever
of
applicant
which
covery
dis-
or
and
quantity
manufacture,
know
not
in
first inventor
for
patent
Commissioner,
verily believe
original and
art, machine,
a
the
to
invention
ingredients
The
4892."
does
; and
the
to
of matter,
the
by
specimens
he
Office
attached
composition, sufficient
of experiment.
that
witnesses,
two
specification.
required
Section
ney
attor-
furnished
be
to
his
or
Patent
composition
a
55
axDplicant sliall furnish
signed by the inventor
attested
fact, and
by
part
a
STATUTES.
the
drawings,
shall
copy
IMPOETANT
the
of the
may
the
United
States,
or
foreign country
be.
filingof
any
such
ap-
56
COMPLETE
tlie
plication and
the
by law,
invention
it shall
to
sufficientlyuseful
is
same
Commissioner
shall
Section
shall
4894.
be
one
and
the
one
shall
shall
be
of
such
will
As
of
which
it
in the
art
if any,
the
by
seen
in
the
carried
from
the
inventor
uses
therefor.
for
for
patents
tion
examinathe
within
same
of
therein,
to the
by
the
to
the
the
statutes,
good
by
counsel
to prepare
If he
can
his
judgment
and
attorney,
those
skilled
drawings
assumed
and
prosecute
the
mits
ad-
accurately
so
be
to have
specification
a
invention
It will
that
latter
specification,and
oath.
the
faction
satis-
Patents
to
effect
which
applicant,
abandoned
shown
cation,
applifailure
upon
where
into
good
see
the
the
petition,
a
the
be
an
important,
or
reference
justly
the
of
invention
describe
and
and
complete application
a
drawings,
can
it be
unavoidable.
of
will
that
unless
ination
exam-
is
filingof
as
new
that
patent
given
was
it is necessary
drawings
been
Commissioner
be
law,
action
the
delay
the
thereof,
regarded
parties thereto,
claimant
prosecute
any
have
the
the
cause
such
on
prepared
default
after
if
applications
after
to
the
and
a
and
year
in
year
they
All
"
applicant
notice
issue
completed
within
of
alleged
under
patent
a
required
of
that
appear
fees
shall
; and
discovery
the
of Patents
made
be
to
or
entitled
of
payment
Commissioner
examination
an
APPLICATION.
latter
that
employs
his
will
case.
get all
EXAMINATION
58
other
taken
of the
the
examiner
by
np
the
nature
in their
invention, and
in
from
in
except
they
this
the
ing
accord-
of the
charge
and
filed
are
Office
Patent
regular order,
departed
not
of
divisions
the
to
applications
The
applications.
in certain
APPLICATION.
OF
are
sion,
divi-
order
is
stances
in-
following
:
wherein
(1) Applications
deemed
of
of the
the
of
orders
of
duty
such
the
prevent
head
and
found
to
unexpired
be
the
over
such
calls
the
to
missioner
Com-
it shall
case
in
of the
be
to
order
patent.
interfere
to
appear
as
which
of
Application."
the
examiner,
are
any
typographical
attention
of
matter,
or
with
When
he
specification,drawings
there
it is demanded
in interference
patents.
insufficient
this
or
or
by
if
and
or
the
reissues.
placed
patent
is reached
claims
ment
Govern-
department
a
allowable,
be
Examination
papers,
reason
applications previously considered,
shall
case
the
such
issue
which
(3)Applications
other
of
Commissioner
improper
for
in
of
the
(2) Applications
with
that
and
are
branch
some
for
action
; but
before
represented
when
immediate
so
to
and
to
department
some
requests
be the
inventions
peculiar importance
public service,
head
the
an
the
goes
fully
care-
and
other
technical
tions,
objec-
irregular
drawings, he
errors,
improper
the
applicant
and
usually
or
his
at
the
ney
attorsame
KEJECTION
tie passes
time
the
which
the
invention
be
can
if
claims
especial
the
are
and
human,
the
that
the
to
Office
be
will
case
allowed,
cancel
patent
which
they
tion
examinathe
to
report
is one,
and
allows
and
objectionable
skillful
inventor.
are,
as
skilled
well
will
and
and
a
the
that
the
claim
and
the
other
no
as
at
the
claims
he
can
so
claims
the
is
is sufficiently
may
attorney
necessities
are
'Not
examiner
or
claims
the
they
which
discriminating,
see
until
claim
attorney
to
require,
art, but
infallible.
not
case
amend,
examiners
their
the
or
of
rule, conscientious,
a
reject
if
is
attorney
The
in
therefore
and
usually present
will
the
matter
an
a
found
not
are
skillful
he
such
makes
the
issue
to
existing
Office
infrequently they
really allowable,
that
for
pass
that
others.
use
Patent
careful
as
here
is
order
record, if there
of
rejects the
in
making
public
books,
technical
mind
cover
After
Patent
attorney
It
to
States
foreign patents
in
new
art
pares
com-
United
borne
claims
construed
the
such
be
and
invalid.
are
be
must
must
issue,
to
and
examines
and
catalogues
or
of the
state
even
In
allowing
such
over
and
obtainable,
it
the
existing
art, goes
documents,
because
claims.
either
considers
with
the
are
as
the
application appertains
case
in
patents
he
of
and
claims
construing the
rejecting them,
to
merits
the
on
59
APPLICATION.
OF
left in
of
the
dispute
ISSUE
60
but
all
remaining
official
The
to
and
time
during
the
the
the
different
Office
the
the
two
and
made
prior
his
of
appeals
in
separate
declared
and
time,
of
the
invention
as
to
or
filing
the
of
appeal.
cations
applibut
in
patent
issued
of
the
tion,
applica-
show
that
the
cases
be
he
of
filing
This
will
ent
Pat-
pending
interference.
interferences
the
by
a
the
these
any
ability
allow-
more
that
can
to
attorney
can
a
on
before
either
chapters.
the
or
applicant
in
If
pending
rejected
In
patent.
are
be
the
at
or
applicant
be
lars,
dol-
issues
once
two
which
twenty
subject-matter,
will
years
that
at
that
same
will
of
agree
same
the
at
application
has
cannot
the
in
patent
months.
six
inventors,
within
paid
happens
for
the
paid
claims,
sometimes
months
fee
be
can
examiner
of
It
is
this
fee
The
six
Government
when
him.
has
which
issued.
is
then
final
the
pay
and
allowance
applicant
after
allowable,
are
of
notice
PATENT.
OF
the
ties
par-
matter
considered
61
CHxiPTER
II.
APPEALS.
The
of
rules
of
patent
cases
would-be
The
expense.
the
do
the
the
applicant
the
ruling
who
the
of
of Patents
of
for
him
The
the
Board
Patents,
the
Columbia,
to
obtain
practice of
he
has
the
of
Appeals
there
his
deserts.
the
primary
and
been
preceding chapter,
but
Office
the
right
aminer
ex-
is
sioner
Commis-
for the
ample
on
already
it sometimes
trict
Dis-
means
in making
examiner
passing
;
Commissioner
Court
that
if
with
primary
the
to
the
has
But
Examiners-in-Chief
from
so
honest,
so
Patent
and
examination
claims
ever
the
of
of
the
dissatisfied
Examiners-in-Chief
to
of
the
the
him
give
decided
is
decision
ventor
in-
left to be
claims,
or
the
the
to
undue
in
examiner
in
appeals
great injustice.
patent
a
claim
from
to
from
for
tion
prosecu-
without
though
who,
an
and
rights
not
are
inventor
of
rejects a
appeal
to
claims
individual
might
his
of
liberal
patentee
to obtain
opportunity
to the
and
applications
are
extremely
patent
and
by
practice relating
the
gone
ability
patentinto
in
happens
62
APPEALS.
that
the
examiner
cannot
a
right, as
the
on
claims
agree
In
allowable.
be
to
and
above
that
which
This
the
to
Board
is
the
the
For
to
the
the
of
petition the
have
the
the
of
question
shall
the
is
first
be
to
instance.
fee
which
claim
the
or
invention, for instance,
division
and
entered
whether
or
Commissioner
an
considered, he
fee, and
without
considered
question
and
questions
are
on
Government
a
patentability of
the
merits
amendment
can
in
an
involve
not
as
taken
appeal there
dollars, but if there
of ten
affect
is
Board
pass
patentability of claims,
appeal
such
to
competent
persons,
and
scope
them
do
skilled
has
composed
.
of three
torney
at-
thought
applicant
appeal
to
his
or
are
the
case
stated,
of Examiners-in-Chief
applicant
decided
and
by
him.
Before
appeal
Examiners-in-Chief,
twice
an
before
the
usually
on
which
if he
the
can
the
the
a
brief
he
desires
Board.
appeal
payment
same
he
If the
to the
of
Commissioner
hearing
a
for
reasons
authorities
to
maintain
have
can
rejected.
as
of the
relies
must
an
decision
oral
fee
of
reviews
and
his
have
been
The
ing
hearis
in
and
appeal
arguments
appeal,
to
in person
twenty
the
court.
and
hearing before
is adverse
Commissioner
the
of
Board
of Examiners-in-Chief
files his
appellant
the
to
claim
twice
Board
the
substantially
The
the
and
presented
had
be
can
him
he
upon
dollars, and
decision
of
the
APPEALS.
Board
as
and
the
must
brief
each
state
his
the
setting
on
which
forth
he
the
the
of
for
Appeals
of
for
or
erred,
grounds
relies,
etc.
persons
and
of
and,
applicant
the
sioner
Commis-
the
District
the
appeal
reasons
person
it
reverse
desires
case
from
appealed
decision
of
In
wherein
lie
or
decision
the
Court
Columbia.
state
if
from
appeal
to
of
affirm
remarked,
before
may
either
can
63
the
pellant
ap-
appeal
the
making
should
appeal,
;
file
ities
author-
a
64
III.
CHAPTER
INTERFEEElSrCES.
An
is
interference
tlie
of
purpose
between
claiming substantially
The
invention.
an
has
the
no
the
that
or
one
proves
all
parties
Between
to
practice
claim
invention
patentable
two
the
the
of
ties
par-
patentable
of
the
ties
par-
will
not
vent
pre-
sioner
Commis-
the
he
may
invention
same
be
in
more
patent,
to
declared
be
the
a
for
question
same
cancel
for
according
Office, will
(1)
patent
who
Interference
to
power
another
person
when
fact
mere
two
a
patent
already obtained
interference, for, although
has
grant
the
determining
of invention
priority
instituted
proceeding
a
prior
inventor.
in the
Patent
following
substantially
to
cases
the
same
:
or
more
original applications
containing conflicting claims.
(2)
Between
unexpired
when
the
patent,
invention
filed.
the
original application
and
an
patent containing conflicting claims,
applicant, having
shall
file
before
an
the
been
affidavit
rejected
that
he
on
made
patentee's application
the
the
was
OP
DECLAEATION
66
the
made
for
before
earlier
patent
interference
than
two
prior
years
application,
such
will
the
declaration
questions
examiner
date
tween
be-
subsequently
issued
of
for
more
filing such
of
reissue
a
of
subject
will
and
be
have
shall
it.
is
It
technicalities
Such
who
matters
is
not
accuracy
unless
person,
familiar
think
with
of
but
represent
of
that
the
moreover
to
require
here
the
to
and
detail.
he
be
a
interference
prosecuting
would
get
him.
The
an
some
they
mony
testi-
go
or
into
proceeding.
subject
a
to
necessitate
interference
an
the
interference
uninteresting reading
in an
specially interested
enough
with
proposed
not
form
unless
shall
clearly
respective
are
and
case
trial
the
the
the
mary
pri-
decided
condition
finally decided
on
be
be
of
after
alteration
been
adduced
justify
claims
the
by
is to
must
in such
all preliminary
must
which
the
put
require
not
issue
the
controversy
patentable
settled
be
invention
the
parties must
of interference
must
and
The
defined.
the
filed
application
an
or
declared
patent
a
the
to
be
patent.
Before
be
filed.
not
31, 1897, and
December
original application
was
original application
an
to
ttie
invention
the
(9) An
INTERFERENCE.
volume
for
one
ence
interfer-
is comprehensive
to treat
Further,
no
it
sane
attorney or
proceedings, would
patent
interference
competent
practice
in
case
self,
him-
lawyer
interference
to
IMPOETANCE
EAELY
OF
proceedings is intricate
of
proceedings
equity
required
to
the
made
proper
rules
when
they
conceived
of
way
if any,
the
to
show
conceived
and
matters
as
inventor,
tend
of
Importance
take
will
to
applicant,
was
one
takes
fact
the
that
an
if he
favor
has
his
one
invention
is the
time, the
the
who
one
party,
an
step
part of
invention
has
into
he,
so
to
to
first
the
practice
invention
reduce
will
be
in
sequent
subis the
but
practice
to
used
the
important
another,
it
others
Moreover,
the
of
parties will
called, and
so
invention
and
same
first files his
the
on
conceived
who
first
pending for the
neglects unreasonably
the
then
proceedings
of the
who
prove
conception
the
first to reduce
generally such
first inventor.
important
to the
other
and
question in issue.
Early
Application."
first reduces
who
the
probability that
is the
in
done
invention
evidence
the
overcome
have
they
when
senior
strong
when
real
in interference, but
the
invention,
and
applications are
subject-matter at the same
application is
the
invention
If several
be
testimony
complete
to
is the
which
are
take
they
completed,
will
in
contest
a
if any,
what
making
The
interference
to
drawings,
tending
matters
of
the
to
services
experience.
nature
parties
they made
a model,
when
and
67
the
requires
under
prove
the
in the
are
and
and
skill
lawyer of good
a
APPLICATION.
and
to
the
tice,
prac-
decided
in
in
ting
put-
diligence
practical shape.
Now
it
68
EVIDENCE
is held
is
tliat
complete application for
a
constructive
a
make
reduction
specification are
a
be
to
process
The
which
device
or
put together in
of
necessity
and
enable
to be
carried
operatively
be
to
patent
practice, for, to
to
required,
machine
operative
a
application, drawings
complete
a
INVENTION.
OF
made,
out,
or
a
or
position
com-
the
tion
applica-
is therefore
ference
inter-
Fortunately,
apparent.
not
so
common
proceedings are
very
the
on
other
therefore
it is
for
application
the
hand
this
and
for
other
patent
a
It is believed
rather
be
owing
less
to
a
be
must
of
or
for
patent, and
a
will
when
importance
the
of
inventor
should
also
be
able
his
invention, outside
he
conceives
the
ferent
difin
alike
involved
he
of
files his
a
his
tell
can
one
in
an
ference
inter-
application
prudent
inventor
invention.
The
early application by
shown, but he
already been
making
has
of
claims
No
therefore
evidence
preserve
be
may
proceeding
will
cases
interference.
an
he
get
can
tion.
applica-
substantially
Invention."
not
such
an
formerly because,
decision, the
recent
Evidence
whether
than
constitute
to
for
interference
that
common
parties
order
shape
proper
they
as
soon
ventors
in-
make
to
reasons,
as
and
of
interest
the
to
;
unusual,
not
are
decidedly
into
matter
they
a
practical shape.
early filingof
an
an
to
an
furnish
of his
invention,
good
evidence
application.
When
it is well
him
for
of
to
REDUCTION
make
the
a
sketch
and
same,
sketch.
has
then
he
case
one
at
have
may
take
and
no
at
proceed
once
its
proceedings
equal, usually be
has
used
reduce
These
in
decided
he
in
may
of
matters
favor
be
if it be
of
there
and
and
are
his
of
them
as
to which
It
that
no
statement
case
be
the
inventor
by
general
in each
laid
first reduce
a
drawing
to
a
protect
the
or
be
can
affect this
as
of
arise
of any
important,
down
ceive.
con-
each
which
importance
most
tion
inven-
proceedings
relative
is the
can
always
form
that
one
reduction
conception,
questions
many
ference
inter-
first to
the
interference
in
so
the
concern
ever
what-
the
practice, diligence, laches, etc., are
great importance
vention
in-
things being
perfecting
not
later
his
machine,
a
other
will,
diligence
though
even
to
A
public.
to
for
it in practice
to
or
in
tion
inven-
an
complete the invention,
the
case
character, and in such
machine,
who
build
; to
reduction
proceedings,
to the
he
matter
early conception of
further
steps to put
practice
to
important
an
it of value
may
''
as
interference
an
make
inventor
is
ing
work-
possible as
as
is known
the
to
complete
a
date
a
date
and
witnesses
to make
what
This
69
possible, sign
early
as
into
gets
PRACTICE.
competent
well
effected
and
a
have
practice."
to
it if
of
It is also
invention
TO
for
one
made
the
cumstanc
cir-
matter.
good rule, however,
his
interest
conception
description
as
to
should
tangible
soon
as
he
70
HEARING.
do
can
that
Second,
his
carry
and
so
have
he
if
invention,
it be
whatever
his
that
for
has
the
after
the
which
the
the
the
from
either
say,
of
Chief,
person,
of
the
the
to
the
Board
and
from
the
for
the
to
of
the
Commissioner
District
by
counsel,
decision
is
of
the
tically
pracunder
that
examiner,
Board
the
ences
interfer-
appeal
from
mony
testiin
considered
appeal
can
from
Appeals
of
the
an
of
his
renders
the
in
laid
are
argued
usually
primary
party
If
of
the
cide
de-
can
sides
examiner
already
as
interferences
counsel
question
same
get
and
records
examiner
The
case.
appeals
is
case
tion
applica-
can
both
on
the
before
manner
and
of
briefs
and
patenting.
the
proceeding,
and
he
as
worth
taken
been
his
make
application
is
matter
interference
proper
the
third
and,
soon
the
completing
nature,
as
the
building
by
or
should
just
patent
the
testimony
on
its
he
subject-matter
effect
possible,
as
soon
structure,
a
important,
for
as
into
witnessed.
matter
should,
conception
structure,
most
the
is
to
examiner
Examiners-inin
Commissioner
to
Columbia.
the
Court
71
CHAPTER
lY.
DISCLAIMERS
The
disclaims
of the
specificpart
object
of
of
reason
entitled
has
he
to
neglect
right
and
case
of
than
the
to
be
lost
file
litigation,
by
unless
own,
the
plus.
sur-
unreasonable
in
disclaimer
a
is
owner
disclaim
right
to
his
truly
having
the
Office.
in
stated
As
stands
falls
or
is
claim
suit
have
to
he
does
the
or
one
he
will
not
not
This
as
care
put
those
rendered
and
claims
makes
to
be
of
case
It is usual
patent,
more
does
In
to
these
in
them
it unnecessary
and
one
bringing
into
counsel
the
finds
invalid
passed
questionable
claims,
only
probably
are
have
if
made
case
claim
litigationa
before
examination
an
each
chapter,
by itself.
infringed.
validity of
and
another
decision
favorable
issue.
more
may
delay
or
Patent
that
the
preserved
in
and
justly
This
is to avoid
invalid
claiming
as
patent
a
definite
some
disclaimer
a
to
patent.
patent declared
by
REISSUES.
amendment
an
issue, wMch
after
a
is
disclaimer
A
a
AND
upon,
claims
to file
a
principally
in
claimer
dison
DISCLAIMERS.
72
this
disclaimers
account
not
are
often
very
used.
sections
The
are
of
4917.
fraudulent
has
claimed
than
more
original
the
material
assigns, whether
of the
interest
therein,
may,
($10.00) required
by
such
of
parts
choose
hold
of his
interest
shall
be
in
in such
and
witnesses,
recorded
thereafter
in
it shall
the
original specification to
under
claiming
But
no
pending
far
as
the
possessed by
such
at
the
may
neglect
relate
or
of its
time
to
delay
the
in
of
not
of
the
the
extent
disclaimer
one
or
Patent
the
the
shall
disclaimer
by
more
Office ;
part
as
extent
claimant
after
him
fee
shall
virtue
considered
be
or
the
he
Such
the
and
heirs
of
as
by
attested
thing
disclaimer
patent.
writing,
is
sectional
any
assignment, stating therein
or
interest
his
make
is
same
the
payment
law,
to
or
of
or
thing patented
claim
to
patent
the
the
patentee,
on
was
part which
part
whole
he
discoverer, his
provided
own,
any-
patentee
a
of which
for all that
such
any
without
or
substantial
or
; and
patented
that
first inventor
or
patent shall be valid
truly and justly his
a
and
intention,
deceptive
or
ence,
through inadvert-
mistake,
or
claimers
dis-
to
:
Whenever,
"
accident,
relating
statute
follows
as
Sectioi^
the
of
of
the
and
by those
record
thereof.
affect
any
action
being filed,except
question of unreasonable
filingit.
so
KEISSUES.
74
in reissue
or
applications,
does
ant
in which
amended,
subsequently
claim
not
described
It
title to
differs
also
filed
originally
as
the
disclaimshown
matter
from
or
those
and
made
to
.
continuance
avoid
the
latter
disclaimers
in
and
It will
the
the
(the
one
the
while
in
think
all it must
be
or
a
which
patent
when
occurs
insufficient, or
invention
right
to
or
claim
the
the
new.
while
filinga
inoperative
under
if filed
and
claims
ter.
mat-
filed
unreasonable
patentee
may
the
at
delay.
reissue
is to
invalid.
or
specificationis
discovery
as
of
be
only
for
is
party
recorded
counsel,
reason
different
a
view
thus
under
claiming
be
filed without
ent
differ-
are
one
different
those
by
thereof."
have
may
should
The
and
disclaim,
because
a
claimant
record
those
competent
"
the
by
may
should
disclaimer
of
This
others
take
Reissues,
of
patent
advice
correct
' '
if there
one
affects
disclaimer
the
after
patent,
a
the
may
A
the
him
disclaimer
another
the
under
rights
disclaimer)
rights
the
a
but
that
quoted
of any
or
therefore, that
of
affecting
right
the
under
owners
witnessed,
duly
sections
possessed
making
It appears,
him,
patent
interests
claiming
the
disclaim,
may
only
from
seen
of the
same
be
must
cant
appli-
the
signed by
fee.
no
be
owner
any
and
These
interference.
an
be
must
person
require
of
defective
as
his
own
more
than
he
had
If the
error
has
arisen
a
REISSUES.
accident
by inadvertence,
fraudulent
any
the
a
broaden
the
is
invention
has
there
invention.
been
or
years
fact, much
held
be
less time
the
claims
In view
be
for
such
a
that
find
himself
does
not
The
in
Section
have
In
held
to
have
infringed
patent
his
the
while
the
of
statute
tion
applica-
pending
to
in
to
may
which
patent
and
the
attend
inventor
a
the
instance
the
competent
be
to
that
first
and
invention
commercial
held
importance
in
with
patent
be
generally
possession
principal
follows
tional
excep-
others
reissued
a
Otherwise,
protect
no
or
in
been
where
not
utmost
those
by
matters.
little
has
carefully prepared
Office
of
unreasonable.
this
would
skillfullyprosecuted
Patent
be
making
delay
a
unless
would,
than
will
it is of the
application
should
fact
claims
invalid,
when
original patent.
of the
broadened
been
particularly
of the
in
a
the
where
delay
to
that
occurs
patent
has
to
field who
the
merely
particularly
If there
unreasonable,
entered
reissued
this
for
rarely
unreasonable
more
cases,
It
broadened,
application.
two
be
a
out
with-
to him.
applied
are
sustain
will
court
be issued
reissues
Usually
the
will
patent
new
and
mistake,
or
deceptive intention, and
the law,
complies with
or
otherwise
applicant
75
is of
which
value.
relative
to
reissues
is
as
:
4916.
"
Whenever
any
patent
is
inop-
REISSUES.
76
erative
invalid, by
or
insufficient
specification, or
patentee claiming
if
the
accident
and
the
on
of the
payment
for
patent
with
accordance
issued
death
duty
of
or
undivided
the
patentee,
of the
unexpired
part of the term
surrender
of the
of
parts
of
the
be
to
patents
the
fee
required
for
thing
patented
for
letters
claim
in
revision
reissue
case
restriction
together
shall
on
have
with
the
same
the trial of
all
for
The
such
original applications
of
or
then
the
the
actions
separate
upon
demand
payment
of
of
such
specifications
shall
same
corrected
effect
upon
several
and
Every
are.
and
for
for
sioner
Commis-
cause
each
in the
to
original
effect
The
his
any
of
distinct
upon
patent.
every
and
a
in
assigns,
discretion,
and
and
or
take
issued
applicant,
a
whole
patent.
his
in
may,
shall
amended
the
cause
case
original patent,
the
issue
in
or,
administrators,
the
and
patent
specification,to
executors,
Such
as
Commissioner
corrected
his
patent.
claim
lent
fraudu-
the
the
covery
dis-
any
the
of
part
to
or
inadvertence,
by
such
assignment
an
the
required by law,
same
invention,
the
to
of
reason
without
of
surrender
or
right
a
arisen
mistake,
defective
invention
own
had
has
a
by
deceptive intention,
shall,
be
he
error
or
or
new
his
as
than
more
new,
of
reason
be
the
sued
reisand
subject
to
manner
as
patent
so
sued,
reis-
specifications,
operation
causes
in law,
thereafter
EEISSUES.
if tlie
arising, as
such
in
shall
in
or
when
the
specification,nor
is
the
model
each
by
neither
amendment
was
a
omitted
was
from
accident
by inadvertence,
proof
such
of the
part
the
nor
upon
that
Commissioner
or
model
made
be
may
matter
new
no
except
there
the
invention, and
but
;
amended,
satisfactory to
originally filed
patent shall
amendments
drawing,
been
into
machine
a
drawings be
other; but
matter
form
introduced
of
case
had
same
corrected
be
77
new
original
tion
specifica-
the
mistake,
or
as
aforesaid.
Patent
The
for
application
the
besides
statement
(1)
Office
usual
be
or
reason
why.
it is claimed
(2) When
inoperative
or
insufficient
(3) When
or
more
than
invalid
as
he
been
original
the
patent is
such
of
reason
so
defective
a
insufficiencies.
or
it is claimed
that
invalid
reason
his
had
specifying
to have
the
invalid, and
that
by
"
a
fying
specification,"particularly speci-
defects
such
claiming
inoperative
file
must
:
believes
to
an
applicant,
oath,
applicant verily
patent
or
follows
as
filing
the
that
petition and
oath
on
That
reissue
a
when
requires
"
by
a
patentee
or
discovery
right to claim
the
part
improperly
claimed
(4) Particularly specifying
as
parts
or
operati
in-
of the
invention
own
patent is
such
the
as
new,'
so
'
tinctly
dis-
alleged
new.
errors
which
78
it
EEISSUES.
is
claimed
mistake
or
arose
That
the
any-
"
intention
for
the
for
his
for
dollars.
prosecute
necessary
original
arose
fee
(30)
under
more
they
without
*'
government
to
is
how
and
the
on
part
applicant.
thirty
even
dent
acci-
inadvertence,
upon,
errors
deceptive
or
The
is
relied
said
fraudulent
of
the
occurred.
or
(5)
constitute
Owing
a
most
the
work
applications.
reissue
patent
favorable
than
for
the
to
reissue
attorney
applications
volved
in-
work
properly,
it
circumstances,
usually
the
to
preparation
charge
of
79
CHAPTER
Y.
APPLICATIONS.
EEXEWED
abandoned
An
not
within
one
the
within
Office
has
his
include
such
the
may
case
to
the
nature
cial action
Revival
the
of
The
will
but
on
the
of
the
proper
action
tion,
peticute
prose-
therein
which
or
of
the
by filingin
of abandonment
not
of
abandonment
as
the
mere
save
must
of
condition
fact
the
amendment
response
the
of
ing
offerfrom
case
to the
in
be
must
last
ofii-
case.
Abandoned
application
or
action
require.
a
to
filing. Prosecution
proper
of
any
the
failed
abandoned
it from
save
abandonment,
tion
examina-
fying
assignee, if any, identiby title of invention, serial
amendment
an
has
has
and
date
application
for
filingof
declaration
invention
and
number
which
one
duly given,
expressly
himself
signed by
after
been
written
a
the
applicant
has
is
prepared
after
year
one
notice
applicant
the
and
year
which
or
which
application
completed
been
AND
EEVIVED
RFEITED,
prosecute
abandoned
can
be
Cases."
by
revived
failure
as
a
Before
to
plete
com-
pending
APPLICATION.
FOEFEITED
80
it must
application
of the
application
rejected
or
and
same
was
is filed
in
will
if
and
the
withheld
be
one
When
reason
of the
the
the
years
patent
the
In
for
original application,
The
second
purposes
but
must
but
a
bear
fee
of
of twenty
from
said
withheld
final
the
by
fee, any
assignee,
who
has
which
such
ent
pat-
a
will
from
of
the
such
two
oath, petition,
if any,
for the
will
be
of
original application.
used
fee
new
continuation
date
the
model,
be
may
within
made
the
and
application
as
allowance
months
for
of
membered,
re-
the
of
renewal
specification,drawing
application,
the
be
between
be
must
allowance
such
within
file a renewal
issue, may
the same
invention, but
application
after
fee
it will
been
or
been
time
has
invention
to
application
second
six
plicatio
ap-
has
final
final
some
inventor
ordered
was
at
forfeited
time,
non-payment
in the
interest
the
after
and
whether
person,
new
a
abandoned
patent
a
is, the
paid
allowance
date.
an
That
be
must
If
the
A
This
time.
application.
ecution
pros-
used.
be
to pay
is six months
of
of
place
which
on
prescribed
date
in the
new
for failure
dollars
delay
Application."
is
the
satisfaction
unavoidable.
suitable, may
Forfeited
to the
ing
specification,oath, drawrequired, but the old model,
a
one,
fee
if any,
the
that
Commissioner
of the
sliown
be
of the
second
be
required.
regarded for all
the
time
original
of
one,
renewal,
82
YI.
CHAPTEE
liSTFEINGEMENT"
ACTS
The
EEMEDIES
"
such
FOR
of tlie book
scope
subjects
does
xDarticularlythe
is
and
such
is
the
impossible
But
relating
a
a
the
ject
sub-
make
of
it
so
questions requires
that
citations
many
work
to
out
this
subject,
the
tions
inven-
of
money
it
The
way.
with
do
to
into
go
general
very
treating
them.
matters
tions
prosecution of patent applicabe, in
questions of infringement must
to make
such
to
the
make
work
plete
com-
fairly familiar
matters
inventor.
Definition
issue
of
of
the
exclusive
the
patented
States
so
present
considered,
and
and
ences,
interfer-
the
to
measure
to the
to
in
and
the
is to tell what
how
even
and
in
purpose
and
of
in the
except
main
and
in detail
because
former,
nature
discrimination
matter
include
not
large, the questions arising within
so
many,
INFRINGEMENT.
infriBgements
as
AND
INVENTIONS
INFRINGIIsO
and
a
patent
right
to
gives
make,
to
use
the
grant
patentee
and
vend
throughout the United
territories thereof, during the
invention
the
The
Infringement"
INFRINGEMENT.
period for
The
right
who
whicli
who
one
such
is not
the
thing
must
same,
as
the
is apt
the
to be
inventor
other
are
can
wrongs
be
cannot
same,
or
by
the
covered
that
The
has.
the
what
patent,
into
gone
by
infringement
in
rights
there
be
cannot
clearly
patent
discloses
it to
practiced by
and
need
to
such
not
be
invention
which
above
must
render
be
is,
it may
art from
a
if any,
be
study
out
with-
skill,
average.
new,
the
the
that
"
help except his
the
that
unless
that
drawings
is
inventor's
the
invention
in the
other
covers
follows, then,
extent
an
he
capable of
is
of
the
skilled
any
fact,
infringement,
an
specifications,and
regard
of
which
It
discloses
one
think
may
subject-matter
invasion
an
It makes
patent.
matter
a
invention.
the
infringing
substantially the
patentee
as
only the patentable
specifically claimed,
The
patentee.
infringement, the
an
be
difference
which
the
or
that
course,
the
which
patentee
constitute
of the
of
one
only,
uses
by
there
by
extent.
to any
To
who
which
although
complain,
against
one
infringement
injury against
granted.
is invaded
authorized
of
matter
chief
by
been
and
sells, presuming,
person
This
has
patent
is exclusive,
manufactures,
by
no
the
83
and,
to
a
certain
valid.
But
supposing the patent to be valid, the next
the
is, does
alleged infringement
tion
ques-
extent, useful, to
patent
come
84
INFEINGEMENT.
within
the
It is not
but
of
scope
infringes
within
patent
majority of
them
no
if
single
in
its
then
s
have
claim
is
fall
or
of
been
It
with
the
connection
it may
should
construction
or
patent
that
meaning
same
borne
in
mind
but
result,
only
result, whether
or
process
The
a
first
an
this
the
be
stand
in
with
in
of
means
not
the
posed
pro-
be
cover
producing
in the
be
the
It must
does
patent
means
inferred
claim
claim.
which
question, then,
infringement implies
with
that
those
nature
things"
the
alleged infringement,
many
of
ways,
may
bat
arises
means
the
is,the patented
two
in
entee'
pat-
a
this
of
a
mechanism.
identical
different
the
fringe,
in-
given meaning
a
consistent
a
the
to
clearly expressed
more
of
that
would
construed
another
a
construction
and
have
because
is not
the
on
must
sometimes
not
has
a
descriptive part of the
not affected
by the other
claims, although
claim
and
is read
it is
a
and
one
that
A
infringed.
specification,but
that
bearing
hold
independent,
itself.
law.
thing alleged
will
court
rights
Each
the
terms
the
a
fringem
in-
an
claims,
many
have
may
claims,
it is
the
?
patent
all the
of
meaning
infringing article,but
include
the
claim,
great
a
of
infringe
one
any
the
have
may
claims
it
that
necessary
if it
the
tially
substan-
patent.
invention
be
the
cerning
con-
The
and
essentially
alleged
in-
85
EQUIVALENTS.
fringement
has
combination
or
of
like
those
of the
terms
then
in
claim
include
but
the
patent
law,
at
the
time
the
the
patent
an
element
take
of
the
and
of the
equivalents
instead
as
or
that
a
has
It
said
been
is
merely
that
not
with
the
at
put
a
of
the
its
to
function
of
can
in
driving
and
leys
pul-
similarity
the
variations
patented
by
develop
of
in
terial.
imma-
are
identity
original
the
is,
ment
move-
for
belts
patented
use,
that
"
clock
a
of
the
tion
inven-
its condition
construction
infringing thing
the
resemble
when
perform
time
say,
the
in
examples
gearing
determined
be
to
is to
closely
may,
for
the
parts
embodied
materials
that
alleged infringement
or
invention
This
and
which
patent
effect
for
wheel.
shape, size,capacity
"
a
exist
to
Well-known
weight,
the
meaning
known
element
being established, then,
means
the
without
substitute
a
means,
well-known
same
spring
a
friction
a
the
another
are
if the
have
even
given part
a
patent.
of
mechanism
for
of
place
said
of the
granting
part
the
within
anything
produce
or
claim
the
is
substituted
tially
substan-
have
may
of
be
are
that
not
may
Equivalent,
can
operation
exists.
equivalents.
of
of
so
patent,
would
elements,
which
the
infringing article
same
mode
or
elements
infringement
an
The
function
a
may
invention,
features
patented
not
but
that
invention
BY
INFEINGEMENT
86
the
by
this
As
exclusive
intended
to
invention
right
becomes
a
part
it true
which
the
parts
to
mechanism
and
C
to
These
foregoing
defraud, then
or
and
in
done
liable,but
his
the
the
employer
is
intent
spiracy
con-
is.
guilty
the
simply
making,
the
ticipates
par-
of
owner
who
article.
who
who
defraud
D,
the
to
selling
employee
to
to
of
second
the
person
to
intent
with
parties
liable
a
complete
a
is to
pieces
sold
are
or
without
that
B
piece,
thus
with
only,
thereafter
three
using
connection
shall
covers
the
an
or
make
article
"
been
all
although
using
is not
has
each
infringer
an
user
patented invention,
pieces
making,
infringement,
works
the
infringers. Any
in
patent,
in
invention,
to
or
one
them, making
are
of
be
makes
If the
to
an
invention
maker,
and
claim
a
third.
combines
by
the
machine
produce
A
:
a
which
by
patented
intended
are
supposing
say,
of
parties conspire
is held
each
then
ing
be-
participates
the
the
patented
combined
be
who
and
words
valuable
that
of
infringer
an
of
patent
using
method
appropriation
if different
but
the
these
made
person
ment.
infringe-
an
making,
every
be
any
is
only
seller is
cover
performs
infringer.
an
Not
of
invention,
can
infringer, and
wrongful
any
be
to
mentioned,
selling the patented
the
be held
heretofore
the
If it
operation.
it will
result, then
grants
of
mode
same
CONSPIRATOES.
selling
patentee
To
consti-
MAEKING
tnte
PATENTED
there
infringement
an
of the
derogation
how
matter
the
to
87
be
must
owner's
patent
strong
infringement
AETICLE.
rights,
the
for
expose
invention.
patented
actually made, used
sold
or
sale
It
to
and
no
it is not
presumption,
possess,
in
act
some
an
vertise
ad-
or
be
must
constitute
an
infringement.
Intent.
The
"
where
the
a
invention,
with
the
real
uses
or
sells
other
the
invention
the
ignorance,
if
mark,
stating that
was
issued.
of
capable
patent
after
owner
actual
notice
proved
article
must
that
was
be
the
is
to
ing
mark-
patent.
order
the
patent
marked,
infringer, and
then
he
will
if it
knew
be
the
arising
the
infringer really
if
invention,
damages
Although
that
owner
recover
proved.
patented,
the
by
invention,
when
marked,
no
infringer's
patented
so
of
patent
patented
notice
the
the
the
only
can
In
of
notice
of the
of
and
patented
Unless
be
the
is
by
owner
fringin
in-
makes,
have
and
requires
possible,
being
who
one
bined
com-
intent
invention
taken
be
the
actual
to
of
infringe
make
Article."
law
it is
is to
is,
the
by
may
part
the
patent
Patented
advantage
not
supposed
the
of
publication
but
that
is
does
to
portance
im-
some
part only
a
part
patented
He
Marking
to
this
"
of the
no
that
infringer
importance.
the
he
complete,
act
makes
because
some
is of
intent
person
knows
he
unless
of
matter
such
can
be
that
the
liable.
It
MARKETING
88
is
practicable
not
and
therefore
Office is
the
the
and
INVENTION.
AN
mark
to
art
an
or
the
publicity given by
of the
record
supposed
be
to
process,
patent
in the
sufficient
notice
cation
publiPatent
to the
public.
No
Unless
Infringement
Issued.
It
"
is
invention
new
mark
alleged
an
or
^*
it
Patent
is
the
going
the
to
believe
to
do
this
for
for
remedy
the
statute
issue
A
he
is in
Patent.
call
the
a
chances
to
has
is
a
if he
person
in
the
he
of his
is not
has
a
placing
true
the
the
and
set
up
rights.
Issue
be
to the
well
of
to
foreign
some
first
inventor,
article
valuable
on
in
tually
ac-
infringer,
an
it may
issue
the
it
cannot
full
that
until
grant
Before
fact
no
of statute,
actual
against
will
patent
legal right
no
connection
patent
facture,
manu-
has
one
creature
him
the
from
in the
but
unless
Invention
this
attention
even
if
only,
proceed
an
In
"
countries
time
possession
Marketing
the
article,if they have
they will be permitted to
patent
and
ownership
is
the
by the
patent, therefore,
a
it
others
deter
engaging
infringement
patentee
gives it to
of
until
that
short
a
issues.
and
of
sale
or
use
reason
of
expense
if
before
invention
it may
patent issues, because
''Patent
or
practice
good
a
market
to
necessary
for"
a
and
invention,
new
applied
which
pending,"
practice to^market
common
a
Has
Patent
market
he
cant,
applithat
so
takes
in
the
90
vention
foreign
on
abroad
American
CORPOEATIONS.
PKIVATE
AND
PUBLIC
if it is
vessels
tbougb
even
they
thereof
has
While
the
the
natural
by
But
and
cannot
the
of
reaps
the
reasonable
corporation
the
by
the
and
the
is not
a
him
as
therefor.
liable
contractor
of
poration
cor-
tion
corpora-
liable
use
by
use
to
is done
infringement
corporation
result, it becomes
or
have
A
if the
infringement committed
for
public works, nor
by him,
it will
may
municipal
infringement the same
for
in
compensation.
the
municipal
government
invention, but
and
person
officers
a
invention
Corporations."
is liable
a
official
liability,
though
emergency
inventor
Public
any
sell it without
public
appropriate
to the
ernment,
Gov-
States
or
government
right
no
or
nse
of
give
in
waters.
still the
cases
be
may
Government"
by
Infringement
the patent is granted by the United
make,
tained
ob-
lawfully
for
an
on
its
patented
of
cles
arti-
infringing
processes.
A private corporaCorporations."
tion
is liable for infringement, if the infringing
is done
act
by any of its agents or employees,
fit
so
long as the infringement is done for the bene-
Private
of
the
ratified
extent
the
by
individual
share, in their
for
and
corporation
the
is
directly
corporation.
stockholders
private capacities,in
infringing acts is still somewhat
or
To
pliedly
im-
what
and
officers
the
liability
of
a
ques-
JOINT
tion
and
in
Joint
the
make,
is not
as
of
extent
he
may
of
the
have
other
make
the
to
an
he
territory
either
in
though
So
a
he
or
he
is
the
sells
or
licensee
to sell
or
the
others
general,
;
may
owners
the
of such
exclusive
under
can
handle
the
fit and
is not
liable
entire
ment
assign-
an
interest
interest
a
for
to
stranger
a
in
the
certain
the
patent
the
ritory
specified teran
infringer if he makes,
patented invention, just as
through
any
under
use
the
the consent
makes
one
other
or
to
sees
the
had
never
specified rights
or
If
"
becomes
toto
and
part of
profits.
entire
the
or
he
of the
of
grant
or
the
absence
not
general,
as
Etc
Assignor,
uses
in
accounting
patent
license
invention
patented
to
several
in the
can,
any
and,
patent
without
in
to
and
specificallydefined
contract
He
right
go
some
the
of
joint owner
even
and,
owners
invention
seen,
unless
be
to
common
the
A
to
Joint owners
rights.
contract,
has
coowners.
his interests
some
relative
in
affecting the rights of
alienate
by
Joint
patented
as
points
character.
tenants
already
independently
act
fine
either
disclaiming
without
patent
and
have
we
be
to
to his
91
Patent"
sell the
liable
PATENT.
many
a
held
and
nse
may,
of
right
A
of this
work
a
are
patent
he
too
Owners
patent
a
GF
embraces
considered
of
OWNEES
person
the
or
to
in the
interest
patent
do
all
having
either
or
any
patent.
certain
to
of
make
these
92
COMBINATION
acts
in
any
other
specifiedterritory,infringes if
a
license
him.
gives
will
be
carrier
common
patent,
if
but
conspires
carrier
it may
of the
that
out
be
cooperating
and
"
of
to
the
it
ment.
infringe-
natural
or
that
porate,
cor-
patented
a
such
It has
combination
a
selling,
generally
as
a
where
of
vends
or
of
is liable
patent.
claim
already
claim
included
elements
if the
stated
uses
other
out
guilty
private,
or
Claims.
Combination
is
another
States,
is
infringer
an
owner
United
the
public
is
article
or
or
invention
patented
makes,
tory,
terri-
infringer
an
with
invention
pointed
be
carrier
who
the
corporation
the
person,
any
license
territory which
using
Finally,
the
license.
may
jurisdiction of
be sold, the
may
the
the
only by making,
the
which
that
not
transport
makes
sell in that
other
railroad
A
"
he
that
having
person
into
in his
Carriers.
to
A
taken
included
not
than
patent
given territory,can
he
knows,
though
a
even
sold
of the
nse
sell in
to
CLAIMS.
in
is for
been
the
covers
operative
an
the
compound,
combined
ingredients, and that, therefore, only
the combined
things are covered
by the claim,
device,
while
or
the
Therefore,
individual
if
combination
the
function
infringer,but
one
leaves
adds
or
of
if
elements
the
one
an
out
a
are
an
element
covered.
element
so
combination,
substitutes
not
for
as
he
one
to
of
the
change
is not
an
element
ABT
a
well-known
OR
mechanical
comprises
he
elements,
Art
is
usually
not
art
enumerated
the
in
claim
for like
so
leaving
out
claim.
To
the
whole
art, that
steps
in the
art
an
for
of the
be
itself, as
bank.
improved
To
infringe
same
it is
article
must
made,
or
be
the
are
infringe
steps,
will
avoid
practice
infringe the
must
one
not
of
some
mechanism
art,
or
the
scribed
de-
makes
use
improved
or
new
from
a
chair,
a
a
patent
itself
or
on
one
The
manner
machinery
used
made.
article
improved
or
manufacture,
a
an
the
the
new
is the
making
An
art.
distinguished
of
means
art.
tion
combina-
a
art
the
the
out
A
manufacture
the
does
uses
or
does
several
only practices
carrying
Ma,nnfactnre."
of
is, he
if he
of the
of
infringer
an
claim,
result
step
a
it
to
of
be
which
steps
one
not
may
of the
these
which
and
art
element
an
out
the
to
the
it
does
which
claim, and
out
results
claim
several
carry
leaving
claim
the
which
by
the
on
out
of
the
must
vention
in-
is not
process
resulting product
consists
usually
or
carrying
the
or
mechanism
any
in
cover
art
therefore,
;
if the
of mechanical
apparatus
effect
cover
employed
An
"
the
into
produces
equivalent,
infringer.
an
npon
is carried
93
combination
a
Process.
or
dependent
it
PEOCESS.
thing
machine
for
as,
shoe,
such
or
a
an
ample,
ex-
toy
vention
in-
substantially
in which
in
its
con-
94
PATENTS.
DESIGN
struction, or
makes
be
generally
difference.
no
made,
The
used,
or
used
invention
actual
sold
or
material
the
even
must
constitute
to
fringin
in-
an
act.
Composition
claim
which
combined
is
such
make
really
claim
a
composition
forth
sets
to
claim
of
is
or
them
of
any
leaving
adding
the
element,
an
of
nature
are
out
the
if
instead
if,
or
if the
of
the
substituted.
of
one
similar
a
gredien
in-
equivalents for
specified,well-known
them
ingredients
infringed
be
made
several
by
Such
a
composition.
combination
claim, and
a
would
marked,
re-
is covered
matter
the
the
then
before
As
Matter."
composition
a
a
of
the
So,
dinarily,
or-
ingredients
or
really changes
latter
avoid
will
composition,
the
claim.
Patents.
Design
the
the
shape,
thing
of the
or
not
matter
the
If
the
the
would
the
Remedies
a
patent
invention
the
it for
claim
on
to the
the
as
patented design
deceived
and
patented design, it
for
is
design,
of
is
Infringement.
it
so
much
a
ion.
ordinary opin-
that
so
an
would
an
made,
whether
and
is not
alleged infringement
be
composition
invention
is similar
testimony
appearance
its
to
to
of
ornamentation
or
than
similar
relate
patents
refers
rather
of expert
If
person
the
invention
infringes
or
configuration
and
structure.
Design
"
closely
sembles
re-
ordinary
purchase
infringement.
"To
go
in de-
REMEDIES
tail into
the
FOR
remedies
necessitate
nature
and
title
courts,
the
character
which
The
law
injunction
an
the
using
A
the
and
after
or
an
is
there
not
the
an
it is
much
and
the
actual
the
court
damages
divide
the
ascertained
patent
can,
in
as
its
as
it
sees
fringer
in-
the
granted
gated
liti-
court,
whether
and
if there
is
ing
restrain-
infringements,
been
discretion,
costs
for
from
the
decides
nearly
has
owner
ask
already
cases,
during
award
and
costs
been
further
accounting,
action
accounting.
injunction
an
ticular
par-
an
usually
testimony,
from
defendant
orders
how
equity
grants
each
that
an
infringement,
an
infringement,
and
In
how
infringer
is not
has
work.
and
and
issue
sustained.
considering
the
or
in
patent
things
know
in
court
the
of
ment
infringe-
bring
render
to
injunction
preliminary
unless
usually
compelled
will
facts
invention
patented
be
the
the
tency
compe-
this
for
lawyer
restrain
to
of
scope
competent
a
the
other
remedies
to
will
before
equity
the
of
jurisdiction
hundred
ample
He
the
pleadings,
a
according
proceed
case.
in
of
competent
any
would
consideration
and
provides
95
infringements
patents,
within
not
and
to
of
witnesses
are
for
exhaustive
an
of
INFRINGEMENT.
to
fit and
which
as
ceeding
pro-
possible
damaged,
increase
either
proper.
the
party
VII.
CHAPTER
who
One
the
followed
lias
the
noticed
increase
in
certain
a
is
that
patent,
the
to
to
of
owner
the
registration
under
the
and
Interior
has
owner
mark
for
of
is
a
practically
Unlike
not
goods
to
the
not
Office
which
by
value
it is
inventor,
obliged
to
and
in
put
the
value
lege
privi-
of
the
of
of
owner
make
a
early
race
a
mark
trade-
improvements,
the
the
Unlike
years.
are
the
trade-mark
constantly
an
the
of
use
the
applied
too,
of
that
invention,
or
its
of
the
its
superseded
remarked,
is
Patent
with
improvement
is
the
and
to
Department
with
to
a
of
the
to
years
right
perpetual
increases
patented
just
thirty
The
issues
evidence
right
of
nature
Commissioner
the
facie
prima
of
term
the
mark
trade-
certificate
a
of
by
exclusive
renewal.
trade-mark
as
is
an
the
marks
tradea
government
seal
signed
which
Patents,
in
trade-mark,
the
of
registration
the
say,
of
number
extent
have
must
years
the
The
registered.
is
several
of
Gazette
Official
tlie
for
Office
Patent
LABELS.
AND
PEINTS
TEADE-MAEKS,
but,
if
grows
any
the
value.
mark
tradefor
application
the
to
CHARACTESISTICS
98
be
trade-mark,
a
of
the
it would
that
the
to
be
of its
its
word
'
might
One
color.
'
"
Best
as
the
be
not
indicate
very
recent
held
the
their
mint
soda
would
gather
mint
The
is
from
descriptive, but
the
Soda
far
other
this
as
is this
characteristic
merely suggestive
word
and
for
perhaps
mark
not
A
his
for
be
?
is
a
scriptiv
de-
One
some
often
particular kinds
the
has
a
which
the
of
one
any
that
soda-
bromid.
or
matter
to
be
cerned,
question is conthe alleged trademark
Is
:
of
trade-mark
this
and
title
such
merely descriptive of
or
In
to be
bromin
hold
not
criterion
Mint"
the
with
so
ply
sim-
of Patents
article
reading
might
courts
would
non-registrable, because
combined
was
goods
quality.
or
well-known
a
the
his
Commissioner
therefore
and
possibly
because
mark
it
as
would
but
soap,
the
'*Bromo
word
appropriate
character
the
case,
words
the
not
and
best
might
registered,
trade-mark,
a
right
the
good qualities and
could
dent
is evi-
One
and
be
probably
that
so
exclusive
an
soap
descriptive of
suggestive
of
have
^'Gold"
be
not
tive
descripIt
case.
descriptive adjective.
a
would
would
in either
should
word
**Gold"
either
be
palpable untruth,
a
valid
one
of
use
the
use
or
be
no
it would
as
soap
not
TRADE-MAEK.
OF
quality,
goods
right
is
best
goods,
to
or
color
is
select
common
trade-mark
is
a
suggestive
kind
but
of
it must
descriptive.
very
it
the
word
a
CHAEACTERISTICS
"
Eoyal
"
character.
for
The
similar
a
but
of
of
and
reason
both
is used
the
in
highest
is often
words
which
word
a
99
used
have
been
Sometimes
trade-marks.
good
adopts
person
TRADE-MAEK.
goods
*'Qaeen"
word
held
repeatedly
a
indicative
as
OF
is
descripreally tive
foreign form, that is, a
a
out
foreign word, purely descriptive, is taken, withused
as
a
change into the English and
has been
held
as
trade-mark, but such a mark
valid, because
not
meaning
if
which
a
valid
and
words
connection
the
it is rather
validity
the
not
mark
One
words.
word
figure
the
to
which
is
a
though
is
some
true
in
fact
trade-mark,
emblem
which
the
arrangement
but
lends
of
article
one
is not
or
cannot
a
a
use
graphical
geoword
descriptive or geographical
suggestive, if
is not
use
it is not
in such
and
an
the
But
in
instances
some
arbitrarily selected
word, so long as it is
use
common
descriptive of
even
or
scriptive
De-
trade-mark.
valid
a
a
in such
and
emblem,
or
than
can
word.
but
be
may
the
in
figure
a
whole
valid
a
in
usually make
frequently
are
not
they
used
are
with
Sometimes
fancifully spelled
usually
are
scriptiv
de-
as
combined
are
do
but
trade-mark,
they
case
words
the
just
was
English.
descriptive
Such
phonetically
cases
in
understood
it
that
see
used
are
single word.
who
person
it would
of
as
words
a
it
suggests something
; that
suggestive
term
is to
which
say,
would
one
which
might
indicate
that
of
article
the
made
of
which
on
fruit when
fruit
such
to
use
which
meaning
is
made
that
thought
somewhere
given
this
wrong,
of
course,
live in
the
town
valid
of the
rule
to
be
might
the
use
or
word
^'
New
person,
right
be
firm
to the
enforced
of
of
or
use
to
of
in the
a
it
and
mark,
is not
it would
be
have
sole
the
a
there
when
located
in
'New
goods.
The
trade-mark,
the
as
seeing
name
Trade-Mark."
corporation,
of
not
novel
"
York
others
lines
a
did
term
the
example,
person
of
owner
the
be
But, generally speaking,
a
similar
making
who
been
would
majority
allow
thousands
have
one
geographical
; for
Registration
a
a
It
insignificant
it
with
town.
trade-mark
right to
word
is that
great wrong
York
the
its
to
Maurier.
are
of
use
vast
a
Du
which
there
the
popular
a
well-known
several
deprive
to
because
think
the
If
it
although
the
West
ceptive
de-
be
proportion
by
are
from
associate
never
there
name.
trade-mark,
would
popular
article
exclusive
no
have
Ta.ke
in the
towns
all
part
invalid.
has
may
of
out
the
name,
word
meaning.
Trilby,
term
the
is
geographical
One
was
no
would
and
geographical
that
happen
may
trade-mark
Name."
a
fact
into
fraudulent
Geographical
used
was
of
entered
the
hence
mark
matter
a
as
case
and
right
the
composition
in
and
a
NAME.
GEOGEAPHIOAL
100
has
prietor
pro-
whether
it be
common
law
a
which
right
ordinary courts, but
the
can
ob-
OF
REQUISITES
ject of registration is
jurisdiction in
easier
for
seems
that
there
rather
are
intimately associated
can
register his
for if he
and
have
used
right
to
But
view
for
the
-mark
Office.
J^ot
only
for
that
the
given
certificate
less
liability of
user
of the
is unlike
already
that
under
in
but
a
owner
goods
for
and
is
there
by
tered
regis-
it,the
ter
mat-
will
be
innocent
an
use
States
to
to maintain
is
it must
be
in business.
bearing
A
patented article in
stated
and, further, in
obliged
trade-mark
used, and
for
a
United
the
is not
patent
but
reason,
Trade-Marks."
of
Requisites
trade-mark
as
the
mark.
Certain
ways
it is advisable
registered in
issued
infringement
better.
necessity
trade-mark
publicity
more
the
mark
this
if the
his
years,
the
his
protect
trade
reason
and
so,
title
derived
much
so
son
per-
to do
hundred
one
so
A
for him
he
fact
it is in lawful
as
whom
be
the
Union
the
soon
the
and
a
as
practice
to
of
matters.
have
further
is
mark
arise
to
the
from
of
in
necessary
those
the
may
Patent
mark
registration will
in
which
States
an
tlie mark.
in view
in trade
it is not
but
use,
make
of
infringement
many
Courts
and
cases
necessary
so
101
tlie Federal
give
to
trade-mark
remedy
This
TRADE-MAEKS.
his
used
He
put
his
good
law, the
his
so
trade-mark
not
of
owner
the
long
continuously
need
this,
patented
right to
only
many
vention
in-
patent,
as
it is
by
make
sales
every
day
the
of
or
VALID
102
ONLY
week
every
it in
or
every
constant
the
goods bearing
for
montli,
but
must
have
and
use
forfeits
thereby
time
the
the
to
it for
sale
he
mark
he
and
same
the
the
neglects
the
use
have
must
for
If
to
right
adopt
can
person
lie
mark.
trade-
unreasonable
any
GOODS.
CERTAIN
OX
other
an-
line
same
of
goods.
Valid
Trade-Mark
Goods,
goods
trade-mark
A
"
which
on
in
dealing
it is
groceries
but
does
not
his
and
starch,
sugar,
of
goods,
of
only.
cotton
he
the
A
mark
from
to
registration
foolish
which
mark
in
be
his
of
the
oath
To
foreign commerce
he
tribe, before
or
same
the
on
or
goods.
a
variety
exclusive
but
these
on
trade-mark
for
another
prevent
mark
on
entitle
a
ens,
woolperson
trade-mark,
there
law, which
will
ably
prob-
least
should
be,
or
at
proprietor
that
to
identical
our
changed,
requires
to make
the
of
provision
soon
will not
silks, etc.
on
a
canned
on
on
goods,
have
this
using
another
such
may
but
mark
then
can
the
use
or
goods,
groceries
the
person
canned
only
thereby
on
person
"Star"
a
articles, he
other
is entitled
word
on
the
on
If
can
uses
only
used.
mark
person
flour, or
goods,
person
to the
actually
person
use
right
other
on
another
goods,
a
it
use
star
a
Certain
on
valid
the
uses
representation of
If
is
actually
the
maintain
Only
he
uses
in trade
is entitled
to
or
of
owner
the
with
is
the
trade-mark
an
Indian
registration.
a
As
INTERFERING
our
chiefly interstate, the absurdity
Persons
requirement is manifest.
ing
own-
of this
valid
trade-mark
and
it,therefore, must,
mark
to
above
stated,
the
103
is
commerce
a
TRADE-MARKS.
mark
before
certain
a
to
is,he
Indian
in
as
the
practically the
England,
or
same
whether
not
or
does
usually
not
who
person
is the
is the
for
trade
a
it not
were
had
person
goods
in the
Patent
and
had
Office.
taken
place years
an
applicant makes
the
alleged
then
in
use
the
The
case.
continuous
registration. For
applies
would
fact
the
for
that
tration
regis-
be
for
tered
regisother
some
mark
ample,
ex-
the
same
mark
This
registration may have
before, but if the second
affidavit
by
interference
proceedings
to
as
already registered the
in constant
been
placed
the
between
question
which
-mark
is
concerned,
fide and
person
appropriated
line of
has
to
a
far
ing
diligentin register-
first bona
for
is
into
enter
that
suppose
the
been
entitled
one
to
as
applications, so
but
has
one
other
rule
to interferences
as
ways
some
The
registration
applications,
patent
user
of
of the
goods bearing
mercially
comship them
or
in trade-mark
question
their
use
sell
foreign country.
Trade-Marks."
Interfering
interferences
register
to
so,
one
must
tribe
Canada,
to
doing
extent
that
an
wishing
will
since
use
the
his trade-mark
that
a
time
antedating
registrant, he
with
the
be instituted
can
be
registrant, and
to determine
VALUE
104
who
him
to
second
will
be
applicant
lawful
first
and
given
the
the
there
been
in
use
come
to
be
be
the
older
and
to
of
of immense
are
in the
United
value,
behooves
a
good
such
manufacture,
if he
has
mark
registered
in
time, people in the trade
a
brand
becomes
the
of
manufacturer.
valid
who
one
and
gets
unique
a
is
to
and
then
this
brand
is at
patent.
continue
mark,
have
a
call for such
eventually
chance
of
this
After
identified
and
a
mark
trade-
a
good
will
happy
lous
fabu-
turing
manufac-
Oflice.
adoption
mark
for
so,
is
used
almost
some
Patent
There
in the
greater.
proposes
valuable
extremely
discrimination
and
and
goods
value
and
who
done
the
grows
the
valuable
a
adopt
already
not
getting
certain
unusual
then,
to
is
some
of
are
and
goods
on
than
person,
have
of trade-marks
which
more
have
country
greater
it is not
worth
be
to
and
this
a
mark
hundreds
States
which
extensive,
becomes
already
There
It
As
tries
coun-
which
and
in America.
goods
granted
European
and
value
more
and
registration
existing
distinguishing
of
first
be
that
generations
commerce
some
line
for
case
will
In
trade-marks
are
the
If the
another.
to
of Trade-Marks."
Value
be
fact
granted
been
already
user
decision.
registration
him, notwithstanding
has
continuous
to
proves
then
user,
TRADE-MAEKS.
the
really
was
and
OF
a
idea
and
once
in
for
with
great
trade-mark
adopts
a
possession
PRINTS
106
damages
LABELS.
AND
to the
according
of
circumstances
the
case.
Prints
used
and
in the
:
^An
manufacture
fashion
as
A'
is
whether
to
manufacture
in
in the
other.
Patent
be
it
the
A
by,
an
one
one
case
or
be
No
Office
hundred
had
or
of
article
Patent
prior
to
the
to
stance,
in-
Patent
cording
ac-
article
an
of
trations
pictorial illusthe
fine
arts
in
registered
belong to, but
manufacture
the
not
or
dible
ven-
registered in
prints were
been
in
Congress,
with
to
relate
commodity.
the
belongs
print
Office must
borne
of
connected
works
or
in
both
Librarian
the
of
thereof."
registrable
with
and
as
borne
not
advertisement
an
print
Office
print,
by an article
vendible
but
or
commodity,
pertaining thereto, such, for
production,
some
word
fined
providing for registration,is delectual
artistic
representation or intel-
act
'
as
Labels.--The
1893, and
registered
than
less
up
to and
cluding
in-
to
in the
act
1898.
The
word
''label,"
relating to prints
and
as
referred
labels, is defined
as
:
"An
artistic
representation or intellectual
production
impressed or stamped directly on the article of
a
manufacture, or upon
slip or piece of paper
or
other
to
the
boxes
the
material
to be
manufactured
and
contents
packages
of
the
attached
in any
articles,
or
to
containing them, to
package, the name
manner
bottles,
indicate
of
the
PEINTS
manufacturer
articles
the
or
of
quality
is meant
hand,
by
JSTo label
can
unless
properly
by
it
of
To
the
entitle
Patent
there
when
the
print
certified
under
the
seal
Patents
and
returned
like
certificate,
for
extended
if
the
second
and
further
a
the
the
other
months
from
applicant
thereof
must
to be
fee
dollars.
for
print
is
the
cause
a
for
printed
Examiner
a
the
filed
in
of
of
in
of
the
force
original
regard
of
to
Within
the
weeks
the
six
renewal,
in
United
or
can
years
with.
said
the
The
within
with
print
at
in
filed
four
one
copyright
a
copy
the
registered,is
of fourteen
is
plicatio
ap-
label,
or
continues
complied
date
sign
proprietor.
like
label
or
the
term
are
registering
If the
be
expiration
published
newspapers
must
regulations
original applications
print
Commissioner
application
before
months
term
for
and
years
years,
the
copyright,
a
twenty- eight
be
The
of any
label
to
tion
registra-
in 1896.
also
of
borne
several
again
or
art.
OSce
be
though
of the
copies
by
is to
for
must
are
Patent
and
refused
labels
or
the
and
proprietor
Office five
of which,
more
machinery
registration, the applicant
and
two
by
to
By
commodities
vendible
allovv^ed
be
to
which,
in
etc."
use,
all
of commerce,
the
manufacture,
to
belongs
was
107
for
registered
labels
they began
to
be
article
an
of
place
manufacture
applicable
produced
LABELS.
directions
goods,
of
AND
the
record
one
or
States.
label
is six
Patent
Office
FEINTS
108
decision
examiner's
print
the
of
use
similar
one,
The
and
of
the
matter
as
trade-marks.
the
Patent
the
label
mark,
trade-
by
the
or
a
lawful
un-
very
thereof.
entitle
of
them
to
as
not
may
print
Office
the
registration
to
similar
in
a
owner
registration
a
Like
examination
an
of
the
construed
though
have
label,
than
for
is
and
infringed
or
another
by
because
trade-mark
print
without
but
practice
the
labels
registration
novelty,
is
label
providing
act
prints
reviewed.
or
petition
can
fee
without
Commissioner
the
applicant
the
registration,
refuses
LABELS.
AND
or
is
require
to
to
label,
be
first
to
their
be
fused
re-
the
all
tered
regis-
109
CHAPTER
yill.
COPTKIGHTS.
Many
right
have
people
is intended
Law
for
and
tradesmen
notion
a
the
This
copyright.
artistic
as
is, in
regard,
Sectioit
"
as
or
a
and
tors,
inventhat
a
protected by
The
right
Copy-
of
purely literary
book, a musical
Perhaps
Librarian
best
Copy-
sometimes,
even,
statue.
a
the
the
follows
4952.
of
idea.
protection
published by
this
benefit
be
mistaken
picture
a
as
map,
a
or
can
productions,
composition,
law,
is
is for the
Act
or
mechanism
or
process
the
mannfactnrers,
label, a print, a trade-mark,
a
tliat
of
Congress,
and
guide,
the
is
stantiall
sub-
:
(.
designer or
chart, dramatic
.
.
.
proprietor
of
musical
or
author,
The)
ventor,
in-
book,
any
composition,
or
engraving, cut, print, or photograph
tive
negathereof, or of a painting, drawing, chromo,
statue,
intended
arts,
and
statuary
the
of any
with
the
be
to
and
of
perfected
executors,
such
models
person
provisions
of
as
works
or
of
administrators
shall,upon
this
designs
the
or
fine
signs
as-
complying
chapter,
have
the
COPYRIGHTS.
no
liberty of printing, reprinting, publishing,
completing, copying, executing, finishing and
sole
the
vending
same
of
composition,
assigns
shall
have
shall
United
of the
In
of
any
the
connected
labels
of manufacture
law, but
And
that
of
there
dollars,
of
copy
Commissioner
eight
years
the
for
are
from
of
Patents
Patents,
to
time
trol
con-
prints
of
expense
of
the
is
or
vided
pro-
prints, except
under
granted
and
regulations
the
.
Patent
the
record,
.
right
copy-
recording the title
a
trade-ma.rk, six
not
cover
or
articles
the
such
of
plied
ap-
works
in
the
(.
same.
Copyrights
with
paid
label,
other
under
of
be
prints
supervision
be
a
the
the
copyright
shall
laws
words
or
no
for any
registry
or
the
shall
arts, and
registered
be
which
right
copythe
act
Commissioner
or
which
illustrations
be entered
to
as
this
shall
with
shall
print
any
the
law
dramatize
under
used
entry
their
or
to
"print"
fine
labels, in conformity
by
for
to be
the
the
and
may
hereby charged
of
of
the
designed
Office.
works
pictorial
with
authors
right
or
(....)
*'cut"
to
matic
dra-
a
performed
be
obtained
been
construction
only
And
their
States.
engraving,"
of
case
it to
exclusive
have
translate
or
'*
others.
represented by
the
publicly performing
causing
representing it, or
or
in
and,
;
the
the
nishing
fur-
seal
party
of
tering
en-
.)
for the
of
term
of
recording
twentythe
title
COPYRIGHTS.
thereof, and
and
within
the
six
be
still
the
term
his
widow
exclusive
thereof.
right
assignable
in
the
to
in law
writing, and
sixty days
its
it will
recorded,
void
be
with
the
is
has
complete thing
and
foreign
if
production,
set
within
if
be
instances, which
to
these
Statutes
Section
the
printed,
must
is very
4956.
States.
imported,
will
details.
the
be
Section
of
'''No person
the
vious
pre-
is
deposit
title
the
copies
or
the
of
first
lished,
pub-
copyright is a
United
States,
The
from
of
as
type
copyrighted
in
except
is
quent
subse-
a
hereinafter
specific,and
"
of
be
4956
so
valuable
a
when
of
United
cannot
form
are
within
any
make
two
of
owner
outside
the
matter
in its best
and
copyright
Congress
deposit
to
resident
the
of
the
for
the
to
a
clusive
ex-
it is not
notice
no
necessary
description, also
If
Before
Librarian
the
Congress
against
as
get
can
be recorded
must
of
the
instrument
suitable
a
mortgagee,
assignment.
it
have
and
execution.
purchaser or
consideration, who
complete,
by
Librarian
after
be
shall
assignment
office of the
in the
if he
or,
copyright,
and
the
for
Copyrights carry
property covered,
the
to
copyright
years,
children
or
right
continuance
fourteen
of
designer,
or
the
renew
directed,
expiration
inventor
author,
of
the
before
living, can
further
dead,
hereinafter
manner
months
first term,
if he
the
in the
Ill
few
a
given.
the
Revised
follows
shall
be
As
:
entitled
COPYRIGHTS.
112
to
of
day
United
printed
chart,
of
copy
dramatic
the
description
statuary,
of
or
model
a
the
fine arts, for
nor
unless
of the
he
Congress,
deposit
in the
District
Washington,
or
musical
cut, print
a
photograph,
or
work
statue;
of the
chromo
photograph,
copies
of
deposited
set
from
within
fine
the
as
above,
the
plates made
limits
foreign
of
States,
Congress,
dramatic
chromo,
of
case
model
at
copies
two
chart,
in
;
day
Librarian
engraving,
ing,
paint-
a
or
design
arts, a photograph
of the
in
book,
or
the
shall
of
of
case
lithograph,
required
same
the
any
Columbia,
or
of
of Columbia,
of
map,
work
a
United
the
statuary,
that
provided
same,
of
composition,
drawing,
for
within
book,
copyright
or
District
Librarian
the
to
such
mail,
statue,
than
this
or
copyright
a
office of the
Washington,
at
addressed
of
at the
deliver
for
later
not
graving,
en-
chromo,
or
desires
publication thereof, in
country,
or
he
also,
map,
composition,
design,
or
which
shall
book,
painting, drawing,
the
of
Columbia,
of
the
cut, print, photograph
a
the
Librarian
the
of
of
within
District
title
try,
coun-
Librarian
mail
musical
or
foreign
the
to
Washington,
at
of
the
before
or
any
the
or
Congress,
or
office
deposit in
States, addressed
Congress,
a
the
at
shall, on
in this
publication,
deliver
lie
unless
copyright
a
to
be
printed
the
United
or
from
the
delivered
be
therefrom,
a
from
two
or
type
States, or
negatives,
COPYRIGHTS.
114
above
612
to
referred
to, being included
516,
these
are
Books,
512.
unbound
or
bound
engravings, photographs,
than
and
maps
and
printed
been
more
paragraphs
:
etchings,
have
shall
in
twenty
which
charts,
bound
tured
manufac-
or
at
years
the
date
of
importation.
Books
513.
in
and
books
and
languages other
music, in raised
Books,
514.
bound
unbound,
or
for
or
515.
use
for
the
Books,
or
maps,
in any
for the
sively
exclu-
ings,
etch-
charts
of the
use
of
Library
ported
im-
United
Congress.
lithographic prints
invoice,
one
and
maps
of the
use
not
and
than
more
two
good faith, for
in
the
society incorporated or established
educational, philosophical, literary or religious
of
any
or
purposes,
fine
arts,
or
for
the
in the
as
United
the
prescribe.
516. Books,
other
from
abroad
by
for
by
or
of
the
libraries, or
or
household
effects
of
parts
them
one
than
of
any
lations
regushall
libraries,
or
actually
year,
the
ing
learn-
such
persons
if
less
to
of
Treasury
foreign countries,
not
of
order
seminary
or
States, subject
Secretary
of
encouragement
use
school
college, academy,
and
also
;
photographs,
charts, especially imported,
copies
English
print, used
engravings,
by authority
States
than
sively
exclu-
blind.
the
by
printed
pamphlets
and
lies
famiused
not
COPYRIGHTS.
for
intended
for
sale.
1244
; 26
Statutes
record
other
or
for
the
of
that
hath
of the
of which
wit
right
whereof
he
proprietor,
or
with
the
under
to the
the
the
a
designated
fees
1.
any
2.
in
States
of
may
scriptio
deto
the
he
shall
to
rendered,
ing
respect-
tion,
descrip-
or
of
Librarian
mity
confor-
Congress.''
title
of the
persons
are
case
a
(originator
be),
may
Congress,
require it.
of
Librarian
the
from
title of
the
author
of
B.,
description)
United
copy
The
bered
remem-
A.
as
or
whenever
4958."
shall receive
case
seal of the
proprietor,
Section
of
C. D., Librarian
give
it
office the
as
of the
laws
shall
he
claims
as
copyrights.
And
title
the
kept
article),the title or
the following words,
is in
insert
(here
:
this
be
following;
Be
otherwise,
or
description
or
wit:
to
in
to
words
day
deposited
(map, chart,
book
a
the
the
on
,
in
Congress,
of
Congress
copyright book,
such
in
purpose,
"Library
be,
of
name
chap.
604.)
p.
Librarian
article,forthwith
that
book
The
4957."
nor
persons,
Session,
1st
Large,
at
or
person
(51st Congress,
Section
shall
other
any
115
Congress
the
whom
the
vices
ser-
following
:
For
recording
copyright book
For
every
actually given
or
his
copy
to
the
the
or
title
other
under
person
or
description
of
article, fiftycents.
seal
of
such
claiming
assigns, fiftycents.
the
record
right,
copy-
COPYRIGHTS.
116
For
3.
of
the
ment
instru-
any
of
assignment
a
copy-
dollar.
riglit,one
For
4.
for
writing
certifying
and
recording
of
copy
every
assignment,
an
one
dollar.
fees
All
of
treasury
the
so
for
of
the
be
United
States
:
the
title
recording
article
any
shall
the
charge
of
received
entered
a
United
not
person
into
above
to
defray
the
the
articles
as
hereinafter
And
it
is
Librarian
the
copyright
two
Treasury
copies
completed
of
such
book
limits
with
deposit
or
produced
prepare
copies
in
of the
and
the
week, catalogues
to
United
offices
States
the
and
of
of
States
such
collectors
to the
type
directed
to
for distributio
of
of all
such
the
than
more
customs
and
dance
accor-
and
title-entries
receiving foreign mails,
in
set
made
;
postmasters
of
article
of not
of
the
by the
hereby
intervals
of
and
act
United
tary
Secre-
deposit
from
other
the
wherein
States,
this
is
of
entries
the
of such
Treasury
print, at
the
by
United
provisions
of two
Secretary
a
the
of
printed
of the
paid
States,
the
to
articles
other
be
duty
furnish
been
the
of
copyrighted
the
has
copies
within
made
to
and
resident
for.
provided
Congress
titles of all books
duction
pro-
United
lists of
of
hereby
of
or
of the
treasury
expenses
the
dollar, to
one
That
description
or
citizen
a
the
Provided,
copyright,
States, shall be
as
of
for
into
paid
the
post
weekly
COPYEIGHTS.
lists,as
all
they
parties desiring them,
and
the
rules
required
and
regulations
prohibited
Section
4959.
book
or
office of the
the
mail,
this
The
"
additions
made
to
they
act, unless
a
any
Provided,
revisions
and
editions
new
deemed
part
effect
taking
capable
for
provided
the
at
(....)
of
in this
series in
the
this
time
of
shall
act
effect.
of the
4960.
"
proprietor
deposit
copies,
by
and
form
Congress,
:
the
to
above
as
publication
Section
or
held
of
wherein
which
of
in
foreign authors,
by
subsequently
being copyrighted
take
books
the
at
deposit
made
be
alterations,
published,
of
edition
right
copy-
or
Columbia,
shall
act, shall be
course
Librarian
subsequent
the
of this
articles
all
deliver
shall
of
District
That
appear
portatio
imupon
of every
Congress,
to the
however.
shall
the
prevent
proprietor
of
changes
heretofore
such
States, except
article
addressed
substantial
enforce
specified, of
Librarian
of every
copy
ered
empow-
act.
other
Washington,
Secretary
hereby
shall
as
above
by
the
and
United
the
conditions
make
to
ing
exceed-
not
sum
a
are
to
furnished
be
; and
annum
per
into
the
at
Postmaster-General
and
a
shall
issued,
are
five dollpvis
at
117
or
Sections
in
the
For
of
every
description,
4956
and
on
the
to
deliver,
copyright
any
mail,
failure
either
or
of
the
photograph,
4959, the
part
published
required
proprietor
of
the
118
COPYRIGHTS.
five
dollars,
district
any
the
of
court
reside
Section
4961.
The
"
copyright book,
if
shall,
; and
twenty-
Librarian
of
States,
in
of debt, in
action
within
United
States
the
delinquent
may
found.
be
or
the
the
United
an
which
of
jurisdiction
the
of
nature
of
penalty
a
by
of
name
in the
action
to
recovered
be
to
in the
Congress,
an
be liable
shall
copyright
other
title,or
article
requested, give a
so
delivered, he
when
to whom
postmaster
such
is delivered
for
there-
receipt
shall
it to
mail
its destination.
Section
action
for
he
the
on
4962.
the
shall
several
the
'No
"
of his
infringement
give
notice
of
copies
if it be
thereof
book;
a
copyright
less
un-
by inserting
if
a
in
published,
immediately
chart,
map,
page
or
an
edition
every
the
title-page,or
maintain
shall
person
lowing,
folsical
mu-
composition, print, cut, engraving, photograph,
chromo,
painting, drawing,
model
or
and
perfected
intended
design
or
completed
statue,
fine arts,
some
by inscribing upon
thereof, or of the substance
shall
same
viz:
the
'
'Entered
year
Librarian
his
with
option,
the
according
,
of
year
the
mounted,
be
by
A.
Congress,
the
the
word
to
at
of
visible
tion
por-
which
the
on
of
the
Congress,
office
Washington";
"Copyright,"
copyright
the
following words,
act
B., in
be
to
work
a
as
uary,
stat-
was
of
or,
in
the
at
together
entered, and
COPYEIGHTS.
the
of
name
out, thus:
the
'^Copyright,
decorative
whom
by
party
manufacturers
That
119
it
A.
B."
(....)
designs
for
molded
by
18"
of
taken
was
articles,tiles,plaques,
articles
or
of
put
subject to copyright may
pottery or metal
4962
the copyright mark
prescribed by Section
additional
acts
of the
Revised
Statutes, and
thereto,
articles
such
place
usual
been
employ
merchants,
to
manufacturers,
of such
bottom
or
other
heretofore
has
of
such
in
or
back
the
upon
cles,
arti-
them
upon
it
as
for
manufacturers
for
the
placing
of
trade-marks
and
thereon.
Section
or
4963.
such
impress
in
purport,
dramatic
or
engraving
whether
notice,
upon
such
article
shall
bearing
which
has
be
notice
a
been
not
shall
or
lithograph,
which
be
import
liable
to
recoverable
sue
for
such
he has
of
or
or
same
chart,
issue
article
words
penalty
one-half
penalty
a
States
of
of the
in
one
this
country
the
and
one-half
;
chromo
such
tice
no-
purport,
country, shall
same
hundred
for
cle
arti-
copyright
in this
bearing
or
right,
copy-
sell any
or
book, photograph,
other
or
copyright
to
obtained
not
United
copyrighted
a
the
print, cut,
other
article,
copyrighted
any
copyright
is not
map,
subject
knowingly
or
of
book,
insert
composition,
otherwise, for which
or
of
photograph,
or
shall
words
or
any
musical
or
who
Every person
"
dollars,
who
person
to
the
shall
use
of
120
COPYEIGHTS.
the
United
United
States
States
; and
of any
photograph,
or
notice
of
thereon
; and
States
to
circuit
in
equity
the
enjoin
marked
United
States
person
complaining
this
act shall
of
sale of such
United
States
Section
4964.
of
recording
this
by
the
copies
within
consent
of
or
be
so
or
any
copy
thereof
and
suit
:
hereof.
and
as
the
proprietor
after
who,
of
writing, signed
or
import,
or,
the
to
pay
such
such
civil action
in
a
of
competent
book,
shall
proprietor,
and
without
copyright
in the
presence
forfeit
tize,
drama-
the
same
lated
transto sale
every
shall
damages as may
by such proprietor
jurisdiction.
of
the
knowing
and
positing
de-
provided
printed, published, dramatized,
imported, shall sell or expose
of such
the
provisions
limited,
term
into
brought
book
to
of any
importation
any
book
of such
the
Provided,
passage
any
any
of
witnesses, print, publish,
more
translate
to
the
in
first obtained
of two
the
to
person
act, shall, contrary
act,
this
at the
to the
title of
sellingof
or
articles
or
Every
"
the
of two
prior
authorized
violation
apply
goods
United
in violation
of such
not
is prohibited
the
hereby
copyright laws,
That
the
of
courts
imported
or
existing
no
States,
issuing,publishing
article
is
United
are
such
bearing
there
in the
the
sitting
or
when
copyright,
copyright
article
the
lithograph
chromo,
book,
other
or
into
importation
tlie
be
also
copy
feit
for-
recovered
in any
court
122
COPYRIGHTS.
tlie
arts,
from
made
grapli
under
brought
shall
be
more
than
of
a
in
work
of
of
of
the
this
thousand
copyright
the
United
4966.
dramatic
or
at such
for the
and
such
not
ered
recov-
sions
provi-
than
two
than
more
of
the
to
all the
going
fore-
proprietors
half
to the
of
of
use
musical
shall
be
just.
person
or
all
less
as
be
persons
been
proprietor
for
than
one
to
the
unlawful
willful
shall
be
sessed
as-
hundred
for every
court
his
or
damages
to
cases
fiftydollars
If the
representation
liable
in
not
has
composition,
be
damages
first and
of the
consent
musical
or
copyright
a
the
sum,
dramatic
any
which
or
publicly performing
person
performance,
to
and
be
the
less
not
other
Any
assigns,
therefor, such
dollars
to
One-half
the
"
composition for
obtained, without
heirs
be
go
photograph
a
through
shall
representing
of said
sum
design
or
States.
Section
or
arts, the
shall
and
nor
infringement
of
dollars.
the
dollars,
or
arts,
fiftydollars,
penalties
section
m^odel
or
brought
section
and
hundred
fine
action
this
painting, drawing, statue,
a
fine
the
of
such
any
etching, print,
in any
ten
of
copyright
action
dollars, and. Provided,
of
case
any
hundred
one
of fine
work
a
in
provisions
five thousand
work
a
recovered
than
less
not
engraving,
for
be
the
further, That
of the
object
to
sum
not
any
shall
sequent
subpear
ap-
performance
and
be
for
profit,
guilty
of
a
COPYKIGHTS.
and
upon
; but
the
misdemeanor,
123
conviction
be
imprisoned
for a period not exceeding one
Any
year.
be granted
injunction that may
hearing
upon
after
notice
the
to
defendant
by any circuit
of
the
United
court
States, or
by a judge
thereof, restraining and enjoining the performance
or
or
representation of any such dramatic
musical
the parbe served
on
composition, may
ties
such
be
against whom
injunction may
in the
United
granted
States, and
anywhere
shall be operative and
be enforced
by promay
ceedings
to punish
for contempt
otherwise
or
other
circuit
court
or
by any
judge in the
United
States
or
motion
may
said
in any
be
reasonable
circuit
motion
shall
of said
in person
circuit
or
the
be
made
motion
or
jurisdiction
same,
as
action
were
in which
be
determine
herein
deem
made
a
provided,
pending
motion
or
the
on
as
brought
is made.
;
action.
The
have
shall
and
dissolve
to
fully
in
vice
ser-
plaintiff
injunction
motion
the
said
proper
thereof
said
upon
whom
in the
attorneys
enforce
to
said
shall
solve
dis-
to
plaintiff as
before
judge
they
or
injunction
the
judges
or
he
a
representing
or
said
to
to
his
on
coui'ts
and
the
tion,
ac-
make
composition
notice
court
said
may
in which
performing
aside
in
them,
musical
or
set
of
circuit
in
engaged
or
hear
other
dramatic
such
either
or
any
defendants
as
the
if
to
the
the
circuit
124
COPYEIGHTS.
The
clerk
of the
court,
injunction, shall, when
said
to said
are
court
the
Sectioist
the
said
4967.
publish
or
such
under
delay
the
papers
that
granted
was
shall
print
without
whatever,
author
for
who
person
.)shall
.
4968."
proprietor
or
be liable
all
damages
No
action
the
action
first
author
to the
occasioned
within
has
by
plead
special matter
Section
the
the
all
actions
laws
terms
same
the
cause
is
of
under
arising
the
defendant
and
give
courts,
and
issue,
general
"
The
have
circuit
the
jurisdiction
power,
the violation
bill
upon
party aggrieved,
any
course
the
the
in evidence.
prevent
to
In
having
shall
by
"
4970.
courts
filed
after
years
penalty
or
unless
respecting copyrights
may
courts,
two
tained
main-
be
arisen.
4969.
laws
shall
forfeiture
laws,
copyright
Section
the
of
case
any
commenced
such
all
force
en-
injury.
in
the
the
.
Section
by
Every
manuscript
proprietor
or
of
the
or
without
injunction
"
of
(.
by
to dissolve
transmit
copy
do
to
so
the
office.
any
consent
obtained
application
certified
a
file in his
on
required
injunction,
which
on
the
hearing
court
judge granting
or
to
of any
of
in
grant
trict
dis-
circuit
equity,
tions
injunc-
right secured
respecting copyrights, according to
and
principles of courts of equity, on
as
the
court
may
deem
reasonable.
COPYKIGHTS.
The
Large,
approved
1st
Session, chap.
pp.
1106
1110),
further
for
"That
volume
of
such
the
before
of
a
in
volumes
this
4952, 4954, 4956,
provides
4967,
of
two
shall
or
volumes,
separately,
been
effect,and
periodical shall
issued
each
considered
be
of
shall
act
July,
Domini
Anno
this
such
foreign
of the
state
;
nation
is
which
provides
of
the
to
party
a
day
and
international
America
party
of
either
shall
determined
of
of
to
such
the
by
its
as
state
or
which
granting
agreement
at
its
ure,
pleasThe
agreement.
conditions
the
of
agreement
in the
may,
citizens
benefit
foreign
terms
when
basis
same
the
citizen
a
to
the
reciprocity
existence
be
the
such
an
of
to
permits
for
States
become
first
nation
or
America
when
or
copyright, by
United
of
substantially
on
a
state
nation
or
States
citizens
own
only apply
foreign
a
United
copyright
of
eighteen hundred
shall
act
of
subject
or
form
the
on
pendent
inde-
(Sec. 12.)
ninety-one."
"That
effect
into
go
ber
num-
an
publication, subject to the
(Sec. 11.)
copyrighting as above."
"This
each
act
more
have
not
take
shall
this
published
are
one
act
the amendments,
to
and
purpose
book
first
at
:
the
a
Statutes
26
;
in addition
4964, 4965
follows
as
565
gress,
(51st Con-
1891
3,
above, of Sections
4958, 4959, 4963,
and
Marcli
act
noted
when
125
President
aforesaid
of
the
COPYRIGHTS.
126
United
time
time
to
require."
The
which
her
at
Large,
relations
vol.
October
May
vol.
p.
p.
28,
p.
(Statutes
(Statutes at Large,
Italy.
1892"
(Statutes
at
Large,
1893
Denmark.
"
(Statutes at Large,
1219.)
(Statutes at Large,
Portugal.
1222.)
Spain. (Statutes at Large,
1895"
vol.
p.
Large,
vol.
May
p.
The
and
case
whole
27,
Mexico.
1896"
(Statutes
at
29, p. 877.)
25, 1896
Chile.
"
(Statutes
at
Large,
vol.
880.)
courts
of the
United
strictlyguarded
and
owners
of
the
covered
are
of
have
interests
provide
to
of
the
of
a
jealously
copyright
a
except
copyright
and
in
remedy
The
copyright.
publication, for instance,
copyrights
by
States
the
quick
infringement
matter
by
not
Switzerland.
1043.)
871.)
February
29,
Britain
Great
France,
1021, 1022.)
July 10,
29,
established
have
Germany.
July 20, 1893"
vol.
countries
981, 982.)
27, pp.
31,
8,
28,
may-
:
1892"
27, pp.
27,
act
foreign
States
Belgium,
1891"
April 15,
vol.
list of
a
possessions, and
and
vol.
is
United
the
copyright
July 1,
this
from
(Sec. 13.)
following
with
of
tlie purposes
as
made
proclamation
States, by
that
the
may
be
is
ered
cov-
title is
a
trade-
COPYRIGHTS.
the
but
mark,
and
one
either
in
a
if he
does
them
and
so
he
it be
and
book,
make
the
he
cannot
is
use
not
the
composition,
prevent
the
either
the
a
called
is
especially
the
to
herein
to
the
and
Section
of
has
the
this
4966
referred
questions
an
to
of
action
a
connection
of
and
even
if
prevent
can
as
can
tion
composi-
and
he
If
dramatic
or
of
well
as
the
and
copyright
memorized,
In
use
singing,
or
copyright
by injunction.
is
which
were
spoken
being
of
relief
of
owner
speaking
by
intelligible.
musical
a
as
publishing.
public performance
composition
it from
in
if
so
infringement,
be
matter
copyrighted
and
necessarily
as
book,
quotations
without
matter
tent
in-
publish
a
commercial
any
The
copyrighted
of
readable
make
able
color-
a
quotations
and
review
a
ter,
mat-
author, that
the
liberal
review
copyrighted
such
make
the
to
from
write
may
of
selections
selections
as
a
But
make
the
this, however,
credit
gives
cannot
he
but
with
liberally
use
the
in
or
of
infringer.
an
do
to
of
part
shape
as
is copyrighted
permission
identical
make
merely
work,
the
extended
is liable
may
is to say,
to
any
something
person
publication
without
the
variation,
has
the
who,
publishes
owner,
of
body
127
the
which
damages
for
right
fringeme
into
tion
atten-
Statutes,
refers
and
junction
in-
128
IX.
CHAPTEE
MORTGAGES
GRANTS,
ASSIGNMENT,
TITLE,
AND
LICENSES.
A
is
patent
real
estate
like
other
or
or
an
be
must
signed.
the
as
will
has
and
restrictions
necessary
sealed
it
United
or
form
for
There
interest
in
assignment,
transfers
in the
States.
is
The
and
to
and
duly
the
usual
and
its
long
so
intent
the
follow,
for
ment
assign-
required
absolute
the
patent
printed
permit,
nearly
form, as
as
provisions
It is
thoroughly understood.
that the assignment
be witnessed,
acknowledged,
witnessed, sealed
or
An
:
interest
well-known
become
ferred,
trans-
license.
better, however,
circumstances
and
an
assignment
especial
is
assignment
this
not
a
written
No
It is
clear.
as
of the
portion
every
of
of
that,
Statutes.
wit
to
and
undivided
then
expressly provided
transfers
An
piece
a
sold
be
Revised
patents,
Assignment."
whole
is
as
follows
it may
right
mortgage
a
It
of the
4988
concerning
grant,
property
chattel.
well-known
fonr
or
a
this
Section
are
a
property,
and
by
mncli
as
but
and
it is better
to
acknowledged,
have
as
130
ASSIGNMENTS.
title
of
An
tlie
patent
assignment
the
identify
if the
in the
but
pending
inventor, the
of the
date
be
license, and
on
the
to
take
Where
the
not
the
an
of
a
the
are
concerned,
but
and
if the
assignment
It is
as
ment,
assign-
an
or
not
pear
ap-
it may
be
conditional
on
stipulations,
the
to
the
the
future
contract
such
makes
by
will
a
customary
to
by
assign
can
not
provement
im-
be
an
improvements
will
be
valid,
improvements
court
competent
stipulated
the
or
all future
assign
the
unless
by
instrument
One
or
so
record
court.
to
and
transfer,
the
on
the
whether
fulfilled,
instrument
as
of
notice
absolute
agree
far
an
no
competent
compelled
ber
num-
times
some-
should
certain
parties
party
title
incumbrance
made
are
an
so
assignment,
to
still if it is there
canceled
and
are
amount
matter
are
show
the
invention
not
lien,
have
can
is
of
decree
be
do
conditions
will
possible, the serial
Instruments
of
and
can
if
of the
name
of it.
notice
transfer
consent
the
the
assignments
records
the
application, the
records,
Office
patented
of
such
performance
Patent
is not
the
lates.
re-
well
as
Office
mortgage,
while
number
Patent
which
grant,
and
it
should
conveyance
date
stated.
recorded
wliicli
to
invention
invention, and,
should
well
other
or
patent by
by title,or
as
invention
or
in the
make
to
he
make
tract.
original con-
assignments
of
ASSIGNMENTS.
inventions
and
therefor
before
such
in
but,
that
of
be
may
this
issue
to
important
reason
desirable
to
assignees
the
title and
one
if the
whereas
questions
it is
usually
equitable
dies
title
owning
makes
kind
every
include
The
form
of
which
come
for the
competent
papers.
to
in
the
have
title is in
the
this
the
of
all
it
assignment
There
are
If
concerning
parties
to
a
patent lawyer
prepare
son
per-
ministrat
adIf
property
the
of
rights.
almost
questions
and
is to
a
it would
with
nice
transfers
and
or
patent
varies
transfer
a
thereof.
his
no
reason
executor
his
many
other,
legal
person.
transfer
with
posed
pro-
assignee
For
his
patent,
a
come
be-
the
description whatsoever,
an
up
title
one
transfer
carry
case.
every
way
and
a
make
a
and
to
in
of
it should
equitable
legal
merged
for
quibbles concerning
the
desirable
This
shadow
patent,
be raised.
can
can
person
raise
the
and
the
sioner
Commis-
interested
is any
patent issues
such
ment
assign-
patent.
parties
assign
that
and
the
the
the
parties
may
hold
person
the
the
equities between
If the
request
issue
later
not
paid.
and
if there
that
;
is
assignee,
so
to
date
a
the
to
Patents
at
final fee
the
authorize
must
has
Office
which
on
issue
may
actually issued,
be remust
assignment
corded
the
Patent
which
patent
patent
case,
is to
patent
the
the
in the
than
of
131
the
have
safe
some
necessary
132
A
A
Grant."
tlie exclusive
and
use
make,
and
and
and
use
vend
a
States, excluding
whole
the
a
grant
is, an
than
that
to
has
between
the
for
the
is true
as
A
Mortgage."
It
property.
title
is
a
conditions,
time,
are
as
in
law
lating
re-
to grants, and
in relation
regard
of
to
other
of
nature
is
to
then
with,
the
things,
at
the
if
say,
of money
payment
piece
and
assignment
that
is
patent
a
of any
the
an
one,
complied
less
regards grants.
than
the
while
interest,
The
also
mortgage
defeasible
for
something
mortgage
can,
more
no
convey
a
for
an
the
States,
country.
in this
said
The
and
sectional
relates
United
thereof
part
to
vfithin
conveys
United
the
whole
substantially like
of
assignment
interest
assignments
been
right
grant
a
exclusive
an
the
therefrom.
undivided
exclusive
assignments
A
patentee
an
conveys
others
make,
to
thing patented
specified part of the
territory of
that
what
or
to
patent
grant
the
the
is that
interest
the
grant
difference
assignment
whole
under
to
throughout
essential
acquires by the
grantee
right
vend
LICENSES.
MOETGAGES,
GKANTS,
the
given
a
transfer
comes
be-
void.
The
must
three
A
and
be
License."
from
A
different
conveyances.
one
A
as
in the
recorded
months
a
good
be
to
mortgage
the
date
license
from
license
against
Patent
Office
ties
par-
within
of its execution.
carries
any
may
third
a
less
interest
of
the
be
oral, if
foregoing
it
can
LICENSES.
be
but
strictly proved,
printed and in such
A
license
vend
may
it
or
within
interest
A
other
license
of
the
United
thereof.
whole
the
It
above
the
leave
to sue,
right
license
the
to
title
the
under
sell
and
thing throughout
the
United
the
that
license
shall
legal
owner.
such
an
or
for
States
in
right
and
cease
The
extent
under
patent
What
distinguishes
grant
is
that
conveyed,
but
the
that
otherwise,
or
a
already
license
referred
whole
is
a
rights
a
patented
of
the
the
an
to
use
conveyed
by
has
interest
in the
been
not
ary,
reversiontimes
Some-
owner.
as
it.
and
assignment
interest
an
the
to
conceivable
be
can
revert
subdivided
be
merely implied,
to, where
have
patent,
contingencies, the
certain
remains
of
any
it from
a
exclusive
territory
can
almost
has
or
the
term
all
patent
that
a
full
merely,
who
the
convey
whole
all
Sometimes
give
of certain
case
license
it.
the
convey
reissued
patent
part
for
or
it may
a
It
territory
in another
to
grant.
small
a
months
and
enough
make,
except
six
any
a
whole
still be
disclaim
to
is broad
right
and
have
or
the
patent
or
or
three
all
convey
cover
or
for
be
may
rights
for it may
right
States
use
irrevocable.
or
Ifc may
of the
term
it may
revocable
exclusive.
be
may
be
may
or
do
to
assignment
an
or
duly signed.
make
to
right
a
territory ;
than
be
right
a
written
usually
must
convey
certain
a
is
case
convey
may
133
in the
employee
case
makes
WAREANTY.
13i
invention
an
materials
such
which
the
court
If
thing.
is
will
to be
forfeited
work
certain
acts
clearly
set
decree
of
of
great
care
the
is necessary
license,
by
some
other
As
the
same
for
conveys
all
has
held
of
he
does
not
should
prove
he
amount
to
conveys
become
had
such
an
warranty
to
he
interest
Undivided
no
is held
to
nice
a
with
such
ters.
mat-
is practically
the
to
feiture.
for-
a
rule
course,
transfer
liable
under
If
warranty.
amounts
to
a
it
warranty
only such rights as
liable, even
though
rights, for this does
the
assign
If
title.
a
certain
to warrant
he
invention
patented
of
a
assignor expressly
of
the
this
undertakes
interest, then
in
that
if he
a
the
breach
a
right
title,but
has,
If
regard
be
else
patent, is
be
prepared
the
by
must
declare
in
is
or
itself,or
warranty,
it is in
they
license
fact
skilled
title,he is, of
his
covenant
been
as
to
property.
warrants
must
person
any
when
to
a
In
on
if the
license
under
and
Warranty."
of
the
or
patented
forfeited
licensee, the
court
contract
the
use
of conditions
in
a
the
breach
tools
employer.
conditions
forth
A
form
the
by
of
to
forfeiture,but
a
the
implied license,
an
be
to
the
specified conditions,
arise
of his
expense
license
a
with
or
employer has
will enforce,
the
case
a
the
at
or
time
the
on
that
the
he
it
not
signor
as-
specified
he
has
assign.
Interest
in
Patents."
It
is
a
UNDIVIDED
common
saying
interests
in
Either
of
the
of
course,
sell
other.
other.
his
that
held
been
the
by
has
said
any
right
It
is
exercise
to
or
difficult
to
contribution
the
through
if
whole
there
be
for
losses,
use
due
is
parties
claim
a
not,
are
mutual
contribution
require
even
more
be
obligation
in
the
making
and
cannot
for
than
them.
over
of
profits
of
right
them
less
un-
extends
right.
contribution
of
each
interest
his
copartners,
ties
par-
patent
on
be
has
other
correlative
a
counting
ac-
judge
and
the
for
also
an
diligence
It
these
and
any
of
an
interested
parties
term
should
profits, there
the
even
one
equitable
an
the
do
has
to
as
of
among
all
includes
it
And
exist
can
It
supervision
how
see
of
can
called
be
action
any
license
each
parties
the
though,
rights
fit.
sees
the
of
control
to
the
because,
other,
None
*'
:
he
consent
exclusive
an
cannot
one
the
speaking,
what
common.
license,
a
with
generally
interest
in
without
grant
interfere
undivided
tenants
grant
can
cannot
But,
with
like
interest
Either
he
135
parties owning
are
his
would
this
as
that
patent
a
can
INTEREST.
claim
party
able.
profitthat
contended
but
the
and
losses
copartnership."
to
idea
would
of
136
CHAPTER
X.
FOREiaN
patents
so
States
United
Many
under
which
onerous,
keep such
States
in
the
Whether
or
patent
not
patent
of
nature
of
means
whether
with
make
into
enter
may
the
patents
the
invention
in the
of
use
he
not
people
the
has
;
in the
or
his
or
can
very
make
A
of
on
the
on
his
on
connections
invention.
who
United
this,that
term
eign
for-
largely
it is
may
States
granted
of seventeen
design patents)
assignee is required to
case
a
largely
countries
in
facturer
manu-
States.
largely, too,
also
unless
obtain
foreign
patent is almost unique
unconditionally for the
patentee
depends
the
parties
United
shall
exploiting it,and
or
(except
the
a
with
competition
in
the
times
some-
in
here
because
inventor
or
inventor
an
foreign patents
Canada,
do
complied with to
Generally ing,
speak-
force.
for
of
value
conditions,
be
to procure
be, perhaps,
holding
the
advisable
frequently
of the
must
in
patents
it is not
it
of
and
foreign patents
foreign
procure
and
misapprehension
a
United
inventors
inventions
their
on
PATEITTS.
years
and
pay
the
no
FOREIGN
138
like
$400,000
Britain
African
are
known
where
the
and
largely
had
its value
carried
and
Much
realize
he may
depends
invention
in
France,
Australia.
While,
properly
in
of
would
in
the
South
the
handling
which
America
Australia
of
or
more
value
than
of
Europe.
machinery
may
be
are
Sweden
to
not
and
patent
great
the
in
from
them.
the
tion.
inven-
able
profitBritain
America
there
natural
the
Certain
of
pertaining
stock
countries
absurd
that
live
be
may
or
Norway,
be
of
the
kinds
mining appliances, some
agricultural instruments, inventions
to
to
hand,
certain
are
the
tries
coun-
very
other
if
referred
Great
or
value
on
be
has
such
money
character
no
or
are
and
countries
Belgium,
or
of little
be
might
it
the
much
that
in
perhaps
invention
an
patents
the
on
Britain,
manufactures
bring
to
obtain
to
and,
they
of them.
Great
America,
partiesin
him
An
in
proved
of the
in
if
and
of how
dispose
certain
on,
prepared
are
to, it pays
how
that
Hungary,
very
attention
and
idea
Belgium,
France,
parties should
the
definite
it is known
Germany,
have
foreign patents
but
and
patents
course,
Austria
patent rights in Great
countries.
stances
Many in-
valuable,
fairly clear
owners
Ms
few
will work
or
of
a
very
a
Of
out
and
proved
have
PATENTS.
in
ucts,
prodSouth
thickly
ulated
pop-
ing
woodwork-
profitable in Canada,
it would
Kussia, while
invention
manufacturing
in countries
centres
and
FOEEIGN
is
wood
where
the
to
while
for
and
Europe
be
must
and
the
meet
statement
foreign
patents
with
the
at
whole
nature
of
be
can
almost
the
to
command
of
country
adapted
No
these
because
but
rules
they
well-informed
any
to
etc., of
taxes,
country,
every
the
One
country.
a
cost,
given,
northern
list.
is
such
and
France,
in
the
tain
per-
way
and
Italy
of
as
some
invention
requirements
general
vary
his
may
value
the
by
not
or
and
through
on
governed
whether
in
without
be
so
fruit
Spain
would
it
of
139
invention
An
scarce.
handling
valuable
be
PATENTS.
are
patent
lawyer.
If
has
the
the
become
States,
but
invention
stage
and
invention
then
in
is
still
and
the
United
the
a
chance
should
he
in
to
prove
of
has
owner
reap
of
a
good
value.
and
mental
experi-
special
no
where
other
here
an
confine
better
States,
for
done
somewhat
in
certainly
almost
been
which
value
invention
has
had
line
a
proved
can
the
nothing
to
of
one
if
abroad,
field
and
foreigners
countries,
to
relates
established
United
interest
the
invention
new
his
there
harvest
is
nections
con-
tion
attena
wide
if the
140
m.
BOOK
I.
CHAPTER
WHAT
tMs
Under
specificallypoint
order
in
invent
advice
such
intelligently and
energies.
to
man
confer
a
is
and
new
ideas
are
and
they always
the
and
line
typical
a
inventor
enable
him
from
him
way
and
a
his
vention
inbe
can
invent
his
wasting
to
a
poor
time
same
than
to
invention.
because
so
to
or
of
humanity,
good
are
self
him-
should
to
the
so
he
open
at
upon
invent
minds
out
an
better
perfect
Their
some
will
acquire wealth,
lasting benefit
it.
in
no
inventors
Most
help
as
to train
which
money
thought
be
to
invention
things
prevent
There
forth
bring
the
make
to
how
good
a
INVENT.
propose
just
man
out
TO
not
forth
it is
but
given
a
HOW
do
we
bring
to
as
so
title
to tell
specific as
AND
INVENT
TO
they
cannot
constituted
that
constantly presenting themselves,
or
see
other.
inventor
haggard
look,
chances
for
There
was
had
a
wild
but
that
improvement
a
eye,
time
when
long
day has
hair
passed,
STATE
and
OF
tlie successful
business
a
in
men
life poor
and
are
who
placed
the
best
then
others
the
so
to be
of
cost
immaterial,
and
manufacture
few
a
possible.
patent
on
a
These
the
the
A
man
keep
that
the
first
the
was
consent
a
be
may
would
cannot
time
as
have
afterward
and
patent.
patentee
to
may
that
on
use
great
a
the
of the
later
when
it
an
broad
ple
peo-
machine.
their
and
use
patentee during
the
on
of
line
infringements,
first
But,
less, is
many
prevent
of the
consent
life of his
There
or
patent improvements
the
without
more
by patents
machine,
improvements
broad
patent
without
to
absorb
particular line.
to be valuable,
proved
best
covered
as
acquire and
patents,
it is
on
gone
purchasing
even
in their
had
has
extent
may
doing this,
have
but
and
to
as
invention
an
have
that
done,"
patenting
means
Once
ture,
manufacand
After
of
be
can
and
of
patents
portant
im-
"
more
improving
begun
particular line
is to say, they have
not
that
said
inventing a good thing and
after
nothing
est
wealthi-
some
of
lines
market.
control
kept
manufacture
stopped
''
the
on
ha;ve
they
of
them
out
inventions
the
perfected
ness,
busi-
a
have
brought
in certain
of
of the
who
keen
a
usually
not
details
men
have
inventions
have
the
is. Some
he
America
to-day is
of
after
sometimes
141
although
way,
capable of looking
but
AKT.
inventor
in
man
THE
other
hand,
infringements
patentee.
was
difficult
to
142
STATE
OF
classify inventions
been
number
find
the
and
and
of
state
this
within
for
a
to
man
Before
is, as
the
a
as
well
one
has
find
size in
any
There
at least
those
libraries
of
claims
can,
all
done
mind
on
in this
public library
contain
not
existing patents,
and
such
many
specifications
who
the
has
discover
the
state
in the
of the
and
it exists
as
has
what
and
time
library
idea
with
paper
of
state
done
does
his
it
been
before.
If he
can
or
a
1872,
One
patents.
the matter
by going over
or
comparing his invention
his
able
of valu-
the
have
of
full
art
in
hazard
hap-
a
invention,
an
hardly
since
therefore, himself
then,
in
examine
claims
the
be
can
years
with
that
issued
any
occasion,
no
others
is
and
contain
patents
waste
far
America
partial drawings
that
extent
money.
to
what
out
line.
particular
of
gone
is classified
inventions
much
as
rule, advisable
art to
his
about
and, perhaps,
way,
time
is
to
particular line,
of
range
issued
matter
easy
patents
an
There
go
an
had
what
patents
any
such
the
readily searched.
the
of
to
just
out
in
art
volume
subclassified
subject
find
still it is
the
vast
ART.
while
now
600,000,
over
all
as
but
done,
THE
finds
abandon
that
enable
field is
it, but
while
like
the
there
his, yet
him,
if he
more
may
be
he
will
is
a
covered
completely
often
he
will
inventions
get
ideas
he
find
tially
substanwhich
bright inventor,
will
to carry
STATE
the
forward
art
OP
THE
further
than
Comparatively
time
his
do
to
this, and
invention
send
in
it with
whom
he
knows,
searched
and
showing
devices
of
will
getting
a
search, either
going
near
as
him
It
patent.
and
can
fee, usually
have
will
yer
law-
about
the
art
copies
of
patents,
be
to
his,
the
and
probabilities
make
to
this"
personally, before
or
inventions
pnt
patent
is well
with
one
is recommended
to
by attorney
the
he
as
may
as
have
a
some
him
great length
to
to
attorney
as
advise
let such
who
send
tended.
originally in-
inventors
small
a
the
he
shape
or
with
him, together
five dollars, and
further
good
description
a
to
will
few
if so,
as
143
ART.
the
cause
invention, be-
have
been
patented
that the inventor
find
practically his own
may
ideas
be
already covered, though
they may
him, so far as he is concerned.
original with
inventor
Often, and, perhaps,
usually the
so
many
will
go
has
already been
without
ahead,
of course,
after
spending
his
expense
is
a
are
seems
sore
and
important
whole
and
informed
a
subclass
a
of
comparatively
what
see
line,and,
expense
of
the
ther
fur-
to
patent application,
to
the
on
and
money,
find
If the
met.
the
to
gone
making
substantially
for
has
disappointment
thoroughly
the
time
of
in his
accomplished
he
to
attempt
any
that
line
inventor
it,he
patents
small
can
to
of
his
it
claims
invention
wishes
to be
often
secure
which
it
expenditure.
lates
re-
144
WHAT
Recently
reduced
five
so
cents
tbree
tlie
cost
tliat
one
apiece,
and
each.
It will
what
he
very
far
hand,
his
has
to at
the
been
that
a
invention
one
may
feel
and
had
rather
of
danger
"
that
for
haste,
then
What
how
art.
to
a
in
this
man
can
That
most
to
What
"
acquaint
is
know
value,
and
recognized
there
as
has
foi
said
been
ready
al-
particularly
fully
important,
what
to
invent.
have
been
great
is
reason
most
have
there
party
application
is
himself
ingenious things
an
application.
relates
chapter
which
is, perhaps,
the
Invent.
that
other
an
if there
may
for
that
some
file
is
novelty,
wait
also
file the
to
It
its
than
once
may
it is well
to do
nature
a
of
with
thing, and,
same
such
appear
another
so
tion.
inven-
thing
sure
interference
an
is, that
the
of
at
It may
their
application.
reasonably
examination.
done
practically just
proper
is
apply
other
thoroughly
before
patent
goes
the
are
know
the
case,
file the
the
they
and
art
he
already
attempted
such
once
that
easily know
On
have
cent
one
before
invention.
lines
cents
for
can
one
for
copies
two
issued
with
inventors
with
for
class,
that
contend
the
get
patents
to
with
In
and
a
;
seen
in certain
what
patent copies has been
order
a
single copy for
be
has
familiar
be
all the
many
much
of
can
apiece
cents
INVENT.
subclass,
a
;
TO
been
inventions
of
to
with
the
after
all,
Some
of
no
some
which
tical
practions
inven-
have
146
WHAT
will
be
INVENT.
will
in the
long
it
as
him
pay
if the
run,
should
is of this
had
a
of
means
manufacture,
than
making
it would
was
the
application
allowed
his
first
his
goods.
of
his
goods
and
he
inventor
little
be,
but
and
he
realized
did
even
ward
after-
goods
found
soon
increased
the
making
began
than
no
about
lapse,
to
received
trade
without
and
offered
he
it cost
patent,
more
were
ble
desira-
more
hesitated
a
of
article
and
made
for
no
cessful
suc-
The
a
and
of others
result, his
bounds,
his
his
those
a
as
cost
most
class.
patent
competitors,
wherever
with
They
the
personal
application
procured
dled
is han-
our
inventor
making
once,
under
articles
The
improvement.
his
of
otherwise
similar
at
not
well-known
a
it
that
so
than
more
latter
thing
some-
invention
One
be.
inventions, coming
knowledge,
If
well.
has
lie
really better, then, too,
which
it will
TO
that
in
competition
the
order, and,
by
handsome
and
leaps
from
returns
little invention.
It
is
a
notorious
fact
that
first
inventors
the
attain
to
means
employ
complicated
desired
result, and that following ments
improveIf one
can
usually simplify the means.
see
a
usually
of
will
the
way
of
simplifying
manufacture
a
well-known
a
well-known
usually find, even
though
or
improvement
inventor,
its
value
independently
will
be
process
machine,
he
of
cannot
the
recognized,
he
use
original
and
he
WHAT
get
can
good
a
in
invention
the
of either
is
satisfy
remunerative.
find
to
means
selling
of this
inventions
to do
and
a
Almost
and
take
will
thing
the
invention
but
the
of
Sometimes
it is tried
on
and
or
even
an
at
once
to
those
which
the
shape
given
novelty
who
are
as
to
article
can
the
give
a
than
will
be
covered
a
is
more
fined
con-
less
or
articles,
design
an
in
itself
the
line
be
of
function
new
an
an
ornament,
Frequently
will
by
for
commend
engaged
invention
it such
The
ble,
profita-
very
artistic
design appertains.
to
from
and
case.
conceive
which
ornament
be
a
toys
fortunes.
of
other
In
market.
inventions
the
a
how
certain
having
people
of manufacture
article
of
always
the
patented,
design,
be
it.
just
to mind
made
line
will
speculation,
tell
been
some
with
a
always
will
one
a
always possible
of
manufacture
is not
this
far
it is not
call
take
toy
too
have
this
class
a
with
though
the
a
usually
to
do
be
may
is
there
should
the
goes
have
promoters
ventor
in-
he
something
can
which
games
which
to
one
every
the
But
kind
until
not
such
cannot
person
and
tion
Perhaps the invenfully
have
proved wonder-
he
it is
and
so,
that
tlie
need
to, but
himself
whether
out
before
one
profitable
invention.
Many
toy.
a
lie
referred
above
for the
demand
puts into
time, ingenuity
be
to
147
what
of
way
class
should
INVENT.
for
return
Inventions
money.
be
TO
ordinary
to
the
such
that
sev-
148
HOW
tlie inventor
be
his
wastes
work
to
articles
on
affect
way
line
some
sufficientlyextensive
There
is
of
energy,
his
the
there
some
manufacture
reward.
good
a
to
make
such
there
is
plenty
skill
will
in
not
or
him
give
because
inventive
best
will
trade
for him
need
no
for whicli
which,
of
to
if lie allows
ingenuity
profitable sale, or
no
for
INVENT.
But, generally speaking,
patent.
enteen-year
Mmself
TO
waste
a
of
room
remunerative
along
lines.
to
How
Invents
inventions
patentable
within
come
who
one
the
is
of
for
Almost
cannot
be
of
any
has
come
one
can
natural
than
will
poet
who
has
But
any
one
rhyme.
Do
take
not
engine
of
a
wonder
to
the
engine
with
than
do
one
electric
things
people
look
recent
motor.
to
for
Find
ventor
in-
natural
a
and
is not
bring
indeed
the
just
;
The
whys
a
little
provemen
im-
steam
veritable
a
as
an
a
for
but
as
poems
forth
room
time,
with
better
better
of that
out
second
and
looked
or
never
all
ago
build
at
granted.
crude
is
stantly
con-
is
him
see
may
generation
would
of
one
who
and
labor
to
looking
more
more
not
invent, though
who
one
write
is
to
do
patent law,
and
new
great inventors,
work
which
the
and
will, ordinarily,
inventive
those
mind
what
hand.
of
purview
open
of
inventor, whether
or
something
with
satisfied
The
"
the
same
compared
up-to-date
and
where-
HOW
fores
in
a
of
things,
and
If you
see
which
way
it could
be
does
not
work
may
be
your
ideas.
to
ways
done
If
yourself and
but
the
have
of
has
to
what
being done,
suggested
and
up
inventor
in
or
a
and
a
new
will
certain
simplify
line
a
not
surprise
will
to
come
improvements
for
way
why
of
or
will
machine
in
see
a
things
note
at
process,
the
often
as
as
machine
new
first time
the
and
tion
inven-
which
happens
will
or
the
see
lowing
fol-
patenting
business
It
some
and
worth
are
that
necessary
person
process
ask
worth
are
engaged.
that
a
do
discriminate,
improvements
what
the
is
otherwise
to
it will
many
then
It is not
exploiting.
be
how
line
themselves.
suggest
This
and
the
you
crudities
many
attention
your
will
how
great
being ideal, but
as
you
to
during
the
If
earnestly for improvement,
value
accidentally,
along
things
these
Some
come
look
see
of
world.
relates.
of
meet
in
and
discovered
invention
it
how
expensive, study
too
something
accident
thing
a
approximately
of the
rest
accept conditions
If
way.
cheapened,
experiments
the
which
be
been
the
usually
course
thing is
discover
may
inventions
to
how
yourself
satisfaction, ask
as
so
done
being
ask
proved.
im-
be
cannot
work
better
a
your
a
they
crude,
in
to
if
149
piece of
seems
it may
you
INVENT.
see
a
improved
how
see
TO
in
are
not
once
a
or,
his
done
means
life,
in
to
perhaps.
HOW
150
it
change
show
see
that
the
for
a
improvements
man
TO
INVENT.
who
almost
of
All
better.
has
his
anywhere.
which
eyes
to
goes
open
may-
151
CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION
11.
AND
OF
SALE
PATENTED
INVENTIONS.
The
with
what
is
a
his
securing
to
with
do
who
man
and
begin, does
to interest
has
he
not
know
to
had
business
not
much
know
how
know
best
loss
a
ceived
re-
Frequently
not
does
lie has
after
at
up
invention.
how
of
means
the
perience
ex-
to
invention,
business
handling
he
where
or
sell the
to
conduct
capital, or
The
and
himself
his
taken
completely
patent,
finds
he
it
is
inventor
average
the
erally.
gen-
patent
of the
inventor
to
as
depends on the intention
He
know
should
first that he
its exploitation.
worth
has something
introducing or else he will
if he tries to do
vention
be sorry
anything with the inIf he has something
that is worthless
it off on
in palming
and
the
succeeds
some
one,
Let
will be
result
unsatisfactory in the end.
that
he
has a really
him, then, satisfy himself
that it is of value.
His
next
good thing and
of
several
on
one
things :
step will depend
First,
Is it his
to which
the
intention
patent
to
relates
stay
?
in the
Second,
business
Is
he
a
INTEODUCTION
152
established
enhance
the
he
wish
his
on
he
wish
is,territorial
Is
Seventh,
worked
If
on
control
his
capital
to
be
be
intends
the
before
legitimate
the
attention
the
invention
the
machine
with
the
of the
others
work
its way.
in money
In
is
this
as
with
the
and
some
him
let him
case
essential
as
in
must
to
must
promote
remember
is
it to
to which
it will
therefore
his
work
to make
be
his
some
that
and
ally
eventu-
has
usually
get
way
to
every
bring
inventor
is
develop
invention
he
this
he
use
line
superior
If the
and
tion
inven-
will, if possible, get
it can
be compared
where
if it is
and
capital himself,
he
He
his
and
in the
use
machine
a
it and
public
ply
sim-
would
bring
it is
given
would
he
machine,
relates.
at
make
If
here
it
as
and
sufficient
advice
to advertise
means
?
invention
has
and
to
public.
manufacture
will
Sixth,
?
for cash
the
and
methods
ordinary business
rights
value
affair
commercial
a
sell
to
manufacture
to
especial
no
wish
have
to
patent himself
work
the
it, then
of
founded
?
royalty
a
inventor
the
would
satisfied
he
Fourth,
invention
his
sell out
to
he
ready
al-
simply
patent
business
a
Does
Fifth,
patent?
business
business?
establish
to
his
the
his
of
patent rights, that
Does
does
and
value
SALE.
Is
Third,
inventor?
prolific
Does
AND
not
the
ment,
predica-
one
to
put
invention.
the
the
money
tion
inven-
capital profitable,
willing
to
give
friend
and
take
small
his
If he
he
valuable,
known
have
it
to make
have
bed
from
had
is
inventor
come
must
give
some
he
receives.
and
economize
crowned
usually
is
with
as
as
Do
to hunt
up
the
lie
not
invention
but
persistently bring
one
who
feel
is
any
good
help
can
modesty
he
is
you.
about
doing
a
and
money
The
but
he
like
of
pensation
com-
and
compelled
his
efforts
great
are
successes
This
and
is
especially
true
Do
not
therefore
be
by
and
expect
and
buy
it to the
The
it
this, for if the
favor
some
or
attention
inventor
to
the
to
fices
sacri-
many
gre?vt efforts.
to
the
equivalent
make
if
was
success.
law
an
is
All
inventions.
to
he
nothing
rule
a
the
get
the
of
and
reward
a
best-
forced
was
somewhere,
sort
success.
come
recognized
regard
in
If
to
he
nothing
that
struggle
it amounts
to
who
his invention.
Emerson
sure
put
country,
that
him
to
of the
one
the
son
is
to
what
in
is
inventor
experience,
there
with
believe
of
show
terrible
a
and
successful,
and
a
presented
sacrifices
one
out
under
accept
invention
the
in mind
his
money
sults.
satisfactory re-
great
appliances
be
must
that
fortune
his model
inventor
for
make
directly from
to sell the
We
may
steam
profits or
secure
satisfied
immense
an
the
can
is
We
shape.
made
never
the
advance
invention
The
he
or
of
out
pay
interest.
properly
it in
will
other, who
or
SALE.
AND
INTRODUCTION
154
in
couraged.
disone
push it,
of
need
some
not
invention
party
whom
AND
INTBODUCTION
he
When
interests.
his
business
he
that
patent,
a
is,he
profitsdepend
patent gives and
its
less, under
or
the
patent
individual
invention
in the
Is
the
real
down
invent
to any
sale
of
and
lose
other
and
and
this
in their
pany
com-
be treated
will
business
To such
or
a
make
to
one
into
be
we
to
too
say
of
coat
out
some
:
keep
small
people
inventors
fits them.
attempt
closely
the
business
such
many
the
ventive
in-
times
some-
another
that
rule,
of
will
out
many
that
a
of this kind
finallybring
foolish
very
go
as
line
or
and
then
doubt
see
not,
money
in mind
will
experience
men
of
deal
and
not
are
will
many
will
have
do
people
it.
Our
constantly
invention
We
any
with
good
a
joint-stock
business
know
great
it all
good
read
e
invention,
an
this
W
a
fortune.
Such
sequence.
con-
is to promote
subject will
one
almost
make
who
on
means
a
prolificinventors
work.
as
more
no
people
Prolific?"
Inventor
tied
who
the
following chapter.
is that
be
This
corporation.
or
which
is of
favorite
through
started
patents,
few
a
kept
feature
once
founded
by
capacities,a
the
few
business
a
be started
cannot
is
circumstances
When
is
novel
monopoly
a
nally
eter-
pate
possible, antici-
if
of
ting
get-
be
invention
every
the
cost
such
the
business
upon
in
then
must
cover
the
155
succeeded
must,
and
when
as
that
see
improvements
by
has
started, he
vigilant and
up-to-date,
SALE.
to
age
man-
identified
on
invent-
INTRODUCTION
156
SALE.
AND
invention, put it
in
good
shape to show, then sell your patent rights and
keep on inventing and selling. If you are like
prolific inventors, this is the only way
many
ing, bring
your
make
will
you
out
in
any
of
some
commercial
a
the
It is
to
bring
can
do
this
his
and
ingenuity
else
to
able
who
cannot
pect
ex-
and
well,
the
the
be
man
equally
reward
products
at
attempt
any
at everything.
a
often
reap
selling
by
without
and
is,in
manage
good
good inventions,
satisfied
that
greatest gifts to
everything
be
brain
of the
tereste
in-
are
you
else
one
is seldom
successfully
do
should
some
man
one
forth
to
let
One
if
inventions,
your
way,
business.
and
money,
of
of
his
commercial
exploitation.
the
Does
Business
in
dollar
they
is
the
line
patents, and
profitable. They
that
they
These
and
is the
take
line
such
only
up
even
any
should,
a
line
can
meritorious
though
it
tors
invenand
of
need
in
generally
men
more
less
or
makes
the
of
ing
makwhich
facture
manu-
by
tected
prothink
not
but
invention
is invented
by
it
to
see
manufacture
invent,
their
business
therefore,
should
man
who
one
shrewd
business
this is what
the
keep
of
the
of
specialtiescovered
own
Established
manufacturers
with
comes
engaged.
are
class
a
successful
are
ingenuity
a
to
Relate
There
?"
who
whose
Patent
should
in
some
he
his
one
AND
INTEODUCTION
if
else, because
it
good,
as
another
SALE.
invention
is
and
competition
means
157
nearly
reduced
profits.
Territorial
the
in which
way
invention
itself,so
to
seem
let it
which
there
Some
is
the
giving
and
a
is
have
under
The
good
showing
up
been
realized
is
be
for
sold.
ing
by sell-
under
patent,
explanation
its
thing
cannot
inventor
and
matter
that
a
vention
in-
good
good
a
the
concerned.
real
a
on
on
as
in the
never
demand
rights
grants.
of
interest
lose
a
depends
patenting
fortunes
quick
out
after
There
drop.
much
patent is handled
far as
profits are
a
inventors,
Many
As
Rights."
torial
terri-
usually capable
of
his
Let
methods.
invention
him
then,
after
if it
or
a model,
getting his patent, make
practicable, a full- sized device and exhibit it
is
in the
him
different
and
honest
invention
he
a
find
him
assist
to
Let
towns.
knows
he
people whom
in
this
to
be
work
well
find
may
that
find
county
every
him
pay
and
and
by putting in hard
in showing
and
persistent work
up this
he
in different
in
can
communities,
earnest
almost
active
will
he
and
few
a
engage
States, counties
for
a
a
exclusive
an
who
customer
who
customer
will
county right
will pay
more
or
for
and
right. This can be and is done over
sult
again by enterprising inventors and the re-
State
over
is almost
often
an
always
inventor
highly satisfactory. Yery
will
make
an
arrangement
with
the
who
manufacturer
a
invention
He
widely
retain
may
then
possible
as
from
the
sale
of
profit from
if the
sale
should
territorial
the
and
agrees
of
ask
low, for
the
much
too
a
as
offer,even
is
profit
goods,
The
for
is better
it
the
and
ventor
inleast
at
though
quick
profit
the
much
rule, it
as
uous
contin-
a
or
too
getting
facture.
manu-
goods
considerable.
be
rights, but,
certain
quick
manufacture
on
a
furnish
to
the
not
supply
rights
and
reasonable
a
territorial
thus
to
to
in this
interest
sells
at
the
insist
not
agree
gets a
patent right
proves
should
will
an
He
given price.
a
SALE.
quantities
in certain
He
price.
at
AND
INTEODUCTION
158
his
to
cept
ac-
seems
expenses
light.
Patent
Selling
a
is
good
a
the
strong,
inventor
shown
line
of
In
this
to
the
until
that
If
is
he
can
capable
is, he
will
If
saves
it
reasonably
patent
can
business
it
show
be
can
of
a
invention
put
in
is also interested.
he
money,
fair to
The
the
is
enlarge
main
be
terest
inso
necessary.
are
invention
interested
are
to
lates.
re-
condition,
itself,as the
for
parties who
If it bids
not
desired
good
apologies
good thing and
man
patent
should
it is
or
speaking
find
the
which
whom
party
a
to
the
case
explanations
no
the
tion
inven-
tinued
by intelligentand conone
engaged
usually interest some
effort
in the
and
one
the
If
Complete."
saying
in
quickly
his
thing is
trade,
to have
it.
tereste
inhe
it
INTRODUCTION
presented.
properly
of little
are
AND
or
of manufacturers
them
such
if
men,
it does
the
is the
with
a
be
can
and
the
invention
such
to
will
competition
is
There
hardly
a
the
of
some
of such
thousands
merit
and
of such
inventor
be
can
of
likely
ably
prob-
if
they
to
buy
it to prevent
intend
not
business.
large manufacturing
does
which
patents.
not
hundreds
poration
corscores
own
it does
not
and
to
the
has
tion
atten-
it will
usually sell,but
expect
to
get
the
use
even
If the invention
brought properly
not
proposed
will
do
not
If it
them
they
ple
peo-
or
them.
invention
if
even
own
people
should
with
with
this
of the
frequently buy
which
them
cheaply.
whether
more
are
of patents for inventions
of
sometimes
can
directly in their
in America
and
it
buy
attention
it,they
even
matter
a
character
competition
and
as
dealing and
that
the invention
use
to
will
;
party, although
the
the
to
into
control
not
when,
acquainted
shown
come
do
is
measure
brought
buyers
third
a
tion,
inven-
an
will state that
or
inventor
on
he
whom
is in
;
an
reason
somewhat
depends
he
them
through
better
invalid
really aiming
are
tion
atten-
boldly that they
invention
the
buy
to
say
is
patent
interest
not
fact, they
This
it ; will
to make
threaten
act
they really wish
found
have
the
to
ing
thus makcapitalists,
inventions, and sometimes
in
discredit
will
called
are
which,
and
faith
lose
159
inventions
Many
value
no
SALE.
the
last dollar
INTBODUCTION
160
is in tlie
there
does
SALE.
will
and
invention,
if lie
mistake
a
AND
not
make
usually
reasonable
accept
a
be
by judicious
offer.
The
invention
If
advertising.
in
placed
usually
specially
not
apt
so
a
cut
papers
to
and
be
daily
have
to
of the
invention,
parties expressing
should
statement
its
invention,
likely
to
as
else, a
and
sell
can
his
different
clues
this
does
which
he
is
of
and
in
invention.
almost
ventor
in-
of the
the
ways
present
the
the
profits
in everything
intelligently
to bring good
out
and
to
use
this, as
sure
working
sent
conservative
extent
carried
many
lines
placed
it,and
a
it. In
is almost
sell, keep
to
try
from
are
in
saving
or
system
There
inventor
the
probable
persistently
results.
he
the
sale
be
make
to
voted
de-
papers
those
can
able
sale.
a
description and
which
be
to
the
large circulation.
interest
an
be derived
to
of
papers
or
as
well- written
a
lead
particular
profitable
will
of
some
in obscure
to
in well-known
It pays
and
may
patents
is
large city, it
a
attention,
Advertisements
are
advertisement
advertisement
the
to
answers
of
paper
attract
sold
well- worded
a
daily
a
often
can
which
But
he
follow
the
must
up
the
themselves.
certain
to
If
sell
in
end.
Royalties."
small
to take
and
up
There
large, who
a
good
are
are
many
manufacturers,
willing
invention
but
and
who
anxious
cannot
INTKODUCTION
162
be
must
the
his
on
and
agencies
with
guard
in
has
been
and
custom,
matter
and
As
unreliable
are
money
they
indeed
that
their
from
can
custom
is
bonus
who
require
to sell
of
them
their
bonus
a
other
for
the
skill in
claims
idea
effect
to
usually
advertise
them
the
it is
do
not
In
require
conclusion,
down
and
should
wait
gird
he
forces
who
party
be
can
efforts
as
a
the
of
some
rule, the
supplemented
after
either
party
efforts
and
the
to
and,
it
as
their
in
patent, but
which
attention
of
buy
it.
or
he
interests.
of any
third
party
by
sit
not
has
constantly
or
liability
re-
advance.
whom
augmented
petent
com-
rule, they
a
efforts
own
rarely
are
but
his
the
through
should
and
the
with
it is
struggle
work
his
agencies
file
work,
the
hard
by
son
per-
There
receives
for
either
of
payments
he
work
this
and
inventor
invention
will
done
the
himself
and
just begun
such
cash
any
tising
adver-
bills,but
to
ascertained
be
must
do
is
It
cover
usually
inventors
what
sale.
selling. Where
patent applications
they effect a legitimate sale.
parties who
get
It is seldom
benefit
sole
patents,
getting
little
this
out
to
a
to
sell
can
only
patentee.
of
and
chiefly to
advertiser
seek
for
country
is sent
the
most
expenses
the
people sending
and
it is
years,
flood
the
the
rule
many
which
matter
for
matters,
for
to
tells how
a
SALE.
sucli
individuals
advertising
patentees
patents.
AND
the
until
some
This
by
the
But,
must
never-
be
INTRODUCTION
efforts
ceasing
invention
Letters
is
of
good
such
Patent,
effect
a
sale.
AND
the
SALE.
inventor
and
efforts
163
himself.
protected
properly
as
If
these
will
the
by
ally
eventu-
164
CHAPTER
SALE
III.
OR
this
In
JOINT-STOCK
BY
PROMOTION
OR
CORPORATIONS.
it is not
chapter
PANIES
COM-
proposed
to
joint-stock companies and corporations
their
but to define
peculiar characteristics
only so far
exploiting
powers
of
person
has
amount
of money
whole
or
an
experimental
to
find
will
to
find
one
thousand
five
when
a
joins another
amount
becoming
of
a
money
so
stockholder
will
a
he
in
risk
each.
a
in
who
twelve
over,
More-
capacity
partner
liable
which
the
easier
invention
become
find
thereof
individual
promote an
usually become
and
risk
instance,
dollars
in his
a
large
to
to
part
who
to
will
enterprise
hundred
person
will
two
or
If
apiece, than it is
risk
twenty-five
dollars
who
dollars
jects
sub-
it is much
and
venture,
man
the
easy
willing
are
thousand
a
thousand
he
usually
considerable
a
and
inventions.
twenty-five people, for
risk
way,
who
to
j^er se,
comparatively
a
it is not
people
amount
selling
or
raise
to
two
or
one
they pertain
as
of
treat
in
in
beyond
invests.
But
any
the
the
by
legally organized
PEOMOTION
lie
corporation,
investment
better
or
make
well
a
private
all the
whereas
inventor
retain
be
large
a
Probably
exploit
which
by
means
either
get
it
on
business
a
in several
has
We
exploitation
and
which
show
We
will
that
with
and
amount
the
the
can
to
any
his
selling
of
the
event
can
stock
can
amounts
the
as
the
out
money
This
requires,
that
the
a
of it
be
that
or
to
done
the
worthy
ventor
inof
twenty-
say,
manufacturing
handle
the
managing
concern
easiest
vention
his in-
can
suppose
expenditure
proper
the
market
can
start
handle
to
affords
properly
suppose
profits of
business,
and
invention
it
that
dollars
five thousand
company
will
meritorious
a
the
organized
footing.
ways.
insist
may
percentage
less
thing
get his
to
he
and
inventor
an
to
money
require.
case
patented
a
come.
in-
presently, the
in
or
corporation
a
a
interest
greater
of the
necessities
or
stock
of in
disposed
up
into
and
in
actually paid
money
puts
retain
usually
can
to
continuous
described
it,as
to
a
corporation
a
a
quickly,
patent
enterprise,
by organizing
his invention
his
go
his
wishes
owner
person
shall
money
losing
profit. Usually,
himself
patent
of
has, perhaps,
a
of
out
provide
the
promote
it and
get
165
risk
patent
or
to
If
the
of
to
money
as
COBPOBATION.
runs
part
a
inventor
some
that
only
opportunity
too, the
as
BY
the
tion.
inven-
inventor
of
of
will
a
the
pay
can
certain
ness,
busi-
good
OF
PAYMENT
166
dividends
on
In
hundred
a
the
whole
be
must
cash
equivalent
mean
that
shall
be
upon
it.
thousand
States, the
some
that
CAPITAL.
the
and
laws
worth
actually
ca'sh
in
there
in
the
are
quire
re-
the
in
or
poration
cor-
good
a
construed
are
turned
property
But
in
of
stock
tal.
capi-
laws
corporation
capital
paid
dollars
in
lieu
cash
of
valuation
placed
others
many
to
having
liberal
corporation laws, such as Maine, West
several
Territories
Yirginia, New
Jersey, and
and
other
many
amount
in
be
paid
at
such
can
property
States
fix.
par.
sell
It
is not
a
hundred
than
at less
for
the
thousand
par
this
way
has
found
and
provide
:
the
We
will
parties
patent
or
of the
letter
who
enterprise
and
stock
at, say,
seventy
cents
then
with
according
which
he
twenty-five
several
to
the
other
of stock
stock
large
still
It is done
inventor
an
to
in
risk
some
take
sufficient
the
dollar, to
on
thousand
dollars.
parties, more
requirements
est
inter-
and
owner
will
ganize
or-
can
worth
willing
are
at
corporation,
that
in the
the
one
law.
suppose
money
realize
a
at
sold
be
how
and
stock
the
must
dollars'
izers
organ-
all States
dollar
thousand
patentee
within
keep
issue
balance
the
as
that
obvious, then,
twenty-five
the
Nearly
and
small
very
and
require
subscription
a
valuation
a
Territories,however,
its first
which
in in cash
stockholders
or
in
of
the
organizes, incorporates under
He
less,
or
State
a
in
cer-
TREASUKY
tain
The
name.
their
at
first
meeting adopt
of
the
proposed
to
turft
of
in cash.
transfer
to
the
then
former
owner
patent
in
of stock
its
then
He
and
to
and
to
carrying
which,
minutes
The
the
like
the
of the
stock
at
to
the
on
and
done
give
par
being done,
at
and
the
the
patent
the
no
the
patent
and
the
the
to
the
provide
stock
valuable
of
the
treasurer
or
benefit
which
accepted
is
one,
by
some
pany
com-
stock
fund
for
This
business."
company's
pany
com-
of the
treasury
a
in
money
business.
interests
former
stock
made,
of
capital stock,
stock
The
doing
my
for
of said
sold
of
best
in trust
$45,000
having
make
the
may
possession of $99,500
means
"To
promote
be
is in
be
amount
them
working
$500
must
and
owner
possession
of
no
says:
person
shall
in
in payment
which
being duly
means
I propose
other
patent
$99,500
par,
less.
or
it is
leave
this
the
ize
author-
say,
would
more
corporation
a
treasury
which
company
corporation is
rights with no
which
at
$100,000"
made
to the
issued
being
stock
s
for
and
issue,
of course,
But,
and
varied
be
full
the
resolution
company
to
patents,
stockholders
patents
the
company'
said
make
paid
into
and
a
or
officers
the
for
"to
patent
proper
worth
167
incorporators
purchase
the
FUND.
is
resolution,
spread
on
the
company.
this
the
point
been
legally
capital paid
whole
owners
has
of
the
stock,
in.
sued
is-
This
whether
the
aforesaid, acting under
trustee
or
the
at
any
former
for
of
cent,
This
legally sold
it
the
to
is
and
treasury
a
agreeing to take
of its value, have
the
former
need
stock
the
stock
their
patent
is
owner
fifty-fiveper
stock.
This
of the
company
and
Unless
^.
for
obtained
or
friends,
his
in
retain
than
of
he
connection
the
fifty
parties,
per
cent,
safe
control
to
he
sell
do
can
at the
he
has
few
a
cent,
prefers
been
company
with
should,
of
some
the
so
proper
to
mental
instrusell
can
the
either
price
vidually
indi-
reliable
controlling interest,that
per
proximat
ap-
in
stock
with
and
capital
entirely, if
patent,
stock
the
wishes
him
its
of
cent,
interest,or,
satisfy
pany
com-
legally issued,
in possession of
party who
organizing the
to
The
to
in
of
seventy
the
stock
sufficient
safe
a
unload
can
in
more
worth
the
fund
be.
at
agreed
$25,000
inventor
if he
and
still retain
time, he
do
the
leaves
dollars'
thousand
of
be
can
and
treasury
if
trustee
stock
have
possession
sold
be
can
who
sale
seventy per
the
proposed
if necessary,
reserve
the
at
the
done,
or
company
by the
realize
to
parties
in
then
held
treasury,
being
to others
or
which
the
value,
its par
$25,000.
take
of
benefit
the
the
stock
more
authorizing
stock
treasury
it be
of
directors
resolution
a
pass
sufficient
fit,whether
see
authority,
sell their
can
owner,
The
par.
and
meet
patent
price they
less than
of
STOCK.
TEEASUEY
168
is,
company's
TRUSTEE
170
ministered
FOR
in
For
loath
sometimes
satisfied
this
the
aloof
promoter
of the
be
can
with
shall
that
be
If the
the
patent
in
trust
can
then
can
stipulate that
license
the
ests
inter-
arrange
each
party
number
of
use
to
the
shall
be
insist
of the
He
views
thereon,
The
but
trustee
sive
exclu-
an
the
of
event
his
corporation
or
vend
and
assign
can
corporation
and
on
company,
their
benefit.
new
up
the
certain
injurious
voted
can
he
person
his
in the
wound
into
going
trolling
con-
himself
certain
meet
some
for
make,
to
range
ar-
and
period
way.
improvements
any
being
or
to
to the
give
can
and
that
Or
the
the
first shareholders
in this
hold
to
license
and
a
perhaps
patents
or
he
have
term
certain
a
patentee
case,
pooled,
after.
or
may
himself
protect
the
is to have
to
controlling interest
inventor
if
corporation.
incoming
having
the
for
in the
may,
shareholders
represented by
directors
a
stock
looked
equally
such
definite
a
incoming
them
fore,
there-
agreement
for
way
parties are
They
corporation
in the
every
unless
of the
In
and
corporation
investing,
suitable
a
a
from
interest
in such
in
each
reason,
control.
controlling interest.
by
of
very
to invest
to
as
hold
and
interest
the
stockholder.
CORPORATION.
invention
the
the
license
tion
corpora-
by the Attorney-General,
hands
specified
of
a
acts
patentee, then,
forfeited
and
receiver, or
which
would
in such
the
case,
patent
forming
perbe
the
with
SELLING
all its
rigMs
many
advantages
through
of
fraud
interest
This
will
be
out
the
his
by
the
Unless
their
well
as
of the
there
that
efforts
show
this the
of
has
properly
a
inventor
showing
sufficient
money
of
no
of
the
of
poration.
cor-
the
but
entee
pat-
how
chapter
those
to
cerning
con-
who
parties
to
go
rely
him
on
invention
that
can
known
There
but
should
his
build
to
who
is
it must
of
have
a
he
"
must
be
of
plenty
be made
To
success.
some
means
invention.
If
the
tain
cer-
can
money
probability
to
poration
cor-
a
taking stock.
efforts, supplemented,
of
the
up
of
one
directly" parties
on
or
of
enterprise.
is
one
no
case
know
to
preceding
capital seeking investment,
plain
ence
experi-
a
and
simple,
personal
them
to show
be
losses
extent
them
board
and
organization
knowledge
as
it
or
can
able
debts, defaults
loss
a
a
he
interest
extent
made
to
sales, by
and
means
at
in
him.
have
be
stated
from
the
that
comparatively
as
him
debts
is
parties
the
stated,
party,
a
seen
must
help
is
for the
yet
of
properly pushing
the
be
may
in
unless
he
is liable
It will
for
another
advice
already
as
liable
which
to
them
to
Then,
of
misdoings
their
great advantage
individually
board
a
are
invention
an
constituting
men,
invention.
There
trustee.
handling
men
good business
the
is
in
the
If
are
the
to
revert
171
corporation having
a
directors.
are
STOCK.
machine
he
or
PKOSPECTUS.
172
article of manufacture,
the
as
do
means,
case
it will
which
to
should
which
for
money
this
many
persons
them
every
feature
also
get them,
should
matter
has
of
some
he
shall
we
to
in
as
to
He
make
a
sonal
per-
invention,
inventor
if
a
good presentation
of
him
pay
seeing
is not
skilled
treat
to
can,
secure
is well
afford
can
matter
better
should
invention.
If the
a
to think
explaining
working
make
to
had
who
one
and
the
the
of
services
in such
business,
of
well, but
this
following chapter
promoters.
on
The
must
is
he
the
vention
in-
should
he
and
the
if he
the
illustration
such
and
tent
ex-
tions.
condi-
of
personally
of
made.
been
case,
by
the
profits
given
investment
possible
as
competent
his
good
a
the
illustration
to have
up
inspection
man
and
under
an
it is well
follow
such
get up
These
prospectuses
prospectus.
he
has
to parties whom
reason
have
may
have
can
made,
sent
derived
be
If he
be
to
used
be
all
sliould, by
or
invention
the
then
tlie process,
prospectus, showing just what
its uses
is,what
are, the probable
statement
on
lie
be,
may
It is well
it.
illustrate
to
or
inventor
to
must
in mind
bear
really
good
a
the
not
that
thing,
people
remember
work
need
to Hoat
that
any
whom
be
if the
he
is
be
it takes
overcautious.
invention
working
interests
hard
enterprise.
and
Let
He
he
an
offers
tage
advan-
and
he
ent
persisthim
con-
BUILDING
while
sider
life of
Let
him
^*
little
a
shall
thy
want
if
it is nice
in
happen
not
is the
price
is the
price
matter
with
and
of
he
in
and
will
be
building
the
the
define
this
the
the
chapter
one
inventor,
who
It
more
the
do
thing
any-
enough
is
good
a
of
by means
honestly
term
is not
he
with
usually
to
commercial
a
successful
in this
promoter
instigates the
a
intent
accustomed
of
trained
men
what
see
hard
always
not
intricacies
of
to
can
works
is
this
some
business, because,
good
is much
cooperation
In
to
and
and
One
promoter
details, is
minutse
business
a
up
respect
of
man
if the
boring
surprised
invention
an
hustle
intelligently
sacrifices.
introduce
do
lance
vigi-
into
go
of
risk
only
sufficient
to
all due
if he
reason
corporation
a
the
up
things
eternal
so
work
and
at
his prospectuses
^'eternal
him
accomplish.
can
makes
scheme
he
and
people,
results
Let
success.
robber
trooping
as
so
course,
out
stock, but
liberty,"
enthusiasm
a
come
and
way
of
earnestly, even
few
on
to his
this
as
Of
send
investors
subscribe
to
sleep,
man."
down,
ber,
slum-
to
thee
armed
have
little
a
hands
the
sit
comfort.
attributed
statement
sleep,
tion
inven-
perhaps,
from,
upon
an
can
one
and
anxious
of
come
as
the
comparative
little
a
folding
thy poverty
and
of
the
Yet
:
himself
one
remember
Solomon
to
to
poverty
173
if lie carries
raises
he
BUSINESS.
A
it that
doing
through,
a
UP
if he
has
line.
is used
to
organization
174
CORPORATIONS.
COMBINING
of the
in distinction
and
who
the
has
An
world
devote
has
thousand
dollar
proposed
to
the
will
and
terms
make
his
need
not
dozen
the
have
that
so
the
field
in
is
the
of
He
of
means
by
and
But
the
better
may
may
he
may
half
The
and
with
may
on
the
them
he
of
means
a
other
he
carrying
combining
an
he
perhaps
business
more
in
should
;
established.
ganizing
or-
ing
combin-
he
money
this.
as
absorption
improved
business
gets
who
case
that
nitely.
indefi-
engaged
such
much
already
may
an
this
in mind
$25,000
so
concerns
have
from
varied
concerns
was
working
inventor
In
it
cash
be
can
has
other
even
concerns
which
understood
shrewd
a
than
more
in mind
have
a
as
hundred
a
corporation relatively large.
need
not
$25,000
business.
analogous
in
it is proposed
of
given
conditions
several
ter
promo-
whom
to
in
corporation
a
of
and
corporation
be
Perhaps
definite
recognized place
a
been
raise
It
capital.
the
erally
gen-
chapter.
a
example
used
is
term
of
to have
come
commercial
to
tlie
but
corporation,
ing
work-
it.
We
will
combined
profits of
conditions
million
show
would
dollars
that
expenses
that
suppose
by
and
pay
of
the
by
the
he
can
show
under
concern
dividends
capital
and
combination
the introduction
that
existing
on
say
perhaps
which
the
will
of his
he
two
can
reduce
improved
PREFERRED
the
means,
dollars.
for
company
in
capital
the
for the
who
he
can
will
he
to
has
its
the
control
of
the
solid
corporation
should
in
finally,he
his
which
he
to
pay
effecting
will
have
a
improvements
has
him
a
tain
cerbination
com-
find
in
stock
for
his
possession
the
vention
in-
and,
corporation
push
of
labor
combination
to
a
contributed.
for
powerful
ready
new
should
in
the
agement
man-
this
him
himself
well
the
after
inventor
pay
find
also
involved
and
amply
patents
sufficient
stock
to
each
therefor
possession of sufficient
in
and
He
the
that
to the
business
payment
stock,
new
combination
least
at
or
of the
in
by the
parties, so
property
means
representation,
possibly before,
and
organized,
with
the
fair
a
man
terest
controlling in-
the
Each
is effected
himself
improved
keep
party
the
course,
effected
corporation, taking
amount
his
expect
over
and
of the
is rather
This
combination
arrange
turn
in
to
expect
the
after
and, of
brings
corporation.
will, of course,
but
forth, but
set
treasury.
attempt
not
in
already
of the
use
simply
should
organize his new
dollars, paying in his
relatively large proportion
a
on
him
manner
ambitious
an
Let
175
good dividends
pay
five million
setting aside
stock
will
concern
five million
STOCK.
them
hind
beto
success.
Preferred
not
Stock."
speculators
would
Many
rather
investors
feel
who
are
reasonably
PREFERRED
176
of
a
of
getting
sure
small
contingent
therefore,
or
which
in the
When
the
the
providing
of
portion
thousand
case
six
of
nature
property
by the
of
fixed
before
be
as
of
any
the
on
the
preferred
earned.
In
stock
this
by
:
be
it is
that
are
the
provided
to
ings
earn-
pay
preferred
applied
There
to make
stock
par.
in tlie
the
the
on
dividends
the
the
on
applied
stock.
sight
stock
at
It is not
but
for
voted
de-
twenty-five
mortgage
shall
case,
stock
offering the-stock
earnings
in
a
it is offered
common
business
suggested,
interest,as
cent,
incorporation
such
of
preferred
is this
called
instead
say
of
as
cash.
in
of
cent,
corporation,
dividend
sufficient
that
stock
corporation
dividends
be
the
articles
price
secured
bonds
of the
stock
instead
Then
of the
nature
the
per
relatively low
a
The
seven
be.
may
for
or
supposed,
organized,
is made
"
stock
dollars
purposes"
of it
dollars
earnings
it is necessary
that
forty-five per
treasury
of preferred
common
be
fund
treasury
the
to
to draw
is
poration
cor-
preferred stock,
thousand
corporation
was
new
first
the
will
It
a
amount
the
given,
twenty-five
latter
Sometimes,
the
take
than
more
first instance
to raise
certain
a
though
nothing.
earn
may
if the
organizing
shall
even
much
earn
in
fair prospect
a
of failure.
for
provide
to have
income
chance
a
dividend,
may
large
a
it is better
stock
a
than
income
on
to
for
STOCK.
as
may
it evident
will
certainly
will
readily
PEEFERRED
178
That
it draws
but
stock,
of
the
each
share
This
will, of
whole
of
It may
be
will
not
enough
that
the
of
share
gives
the
this.
this
be
can
In
be
be
and
gauge
his
sold
and
given
him,
if
or
with
to
be
leave
made
not
that
the
It is
a
on
not
the
know
start
how
he
to
as
This
bonus.
ing
show-
patentee
of
is
the
so
as
to
be
human
he
is
buying
induce
account
should
at less
nature
getting
stock
him
to
for
In
large enough
sold
still
controlling
capital
still
or
of stock
amount
the
to do
circumstances
by
bonus
a
of
share
a
the
to
every
advisable
cases,
but
can
that
to
for
particularly good
and
to
well
equivalent therefor.
first stock
believe
must
that
a
capital and
large
think
as
governed
an
too
it is
so
at
quite good
subscribed
possible, with
peculiarity
must
stock
corporation
a
stock
people
is not
necessary
must
must
induce
investment
a
promoter
for the
but
preferred
to
in other
this, as
start
given
subscriber
it may
and
the
showing
treasury
stock
vote.
preferred stock
of
preferred stock
common
and
vote
corporation.
sufficient
be
share
the
on
offer
the
insure
to
only
not
each
fractional
a
make
common
full
one
stock
the
as
that
have
shall
of the
sufficient
have
provided
course,
if
and
invest,
be
common
existence
par
dividends
stock
valuable,
more
same
it may
preferred
STOCK.
a
that
invest.
ganizing
or-
be
so
par.
a
bargain
less
this.
than
terest,
in-
son
perand
than
par
We
do
People
who
BONDS.
are
constantly dealing
the
ultimate
to
if
say,
dollars
dollars,
that
a
the
than
if this
even
company
is
allowance
for
for
stock
fact
singular
do
to
his
organizing
what
realize
he
sale of treasury
it
of
property,
to
the
interest
This
has
sold
and
stantial
substill
to
by
money
mortgage
amount
the
treasury
a
if it have
the
simple
a
can
right.
their
"
he
value
the
tangible
of
price, of
bonds
course,
mortgaged property
is ample
the
to meet
principal represented by
a
that
by providing
therefrom
is
therefore
its par
definite
whether
income
bonding
a
the
promoting
at
raising
or
a
thing
any-
stock
company,
be
had
and
is
by
sell his
preferable
secure
on
and
is
of
stock
the
then
can
depending
and
thinks
be
may
property
which
from
Instead
Bonds."
fund,
and
the
This
organizer should
feeling
make
out
so
less
buys
par.
who
with
reduction
he
a
if the
not
borne
person
The
for
buy
if
than
one
know
dollars
does
capital large enough
this
to
cater
he
it is
thousand
dollar, and
one
is
sand
thou-
would
to
every
corporations.
make
wish
less
that
"
ten
thousand
overstocking
but
experience of
for
one
were
deal
good
a
they
hundred
stocks
overstocked
the
what
value
par
one
still would
he
that
the
with
is worth
know
on
stocked
familiar
stock
par,
is
and
man
share, but
by
and
depend
is worth
thing
a
in stocks
must
still affected
are
pay
value
179
matter
and
the
the
bonds.
prin-
SUBSOEIPTION
180
it
ciples governing
relative
real
LIST.
practically the principles
are
and
ordinary bond
to the
other
or
of
issued
property, except that
issuing to a single person
by
trustee, to whom
a
instead
given,
and
in the
form
of
the
governing
is
but
should
their
both
made
be
rule
no
nominati
de-
dollars
specially acceptable
interest
is
is made
is
thousand
one
usually
mortgage
There
bonds,
stead
in-
bond
single bond
a
of
value
the
the
bonds.
usually
them
and
being
many
par
is
to make
of
of
mortgage
and
cipal
prinin
payable
gold.
A
List"
Subscription
agreed to take part in
and
corporation
stock
at
certain
a
parties
to
get
list, which
and
number
of shares
share.
Under
be
must
be
sold
by
way
it.
par,
at
of
If this
it is to be
they
a
is to be
done
at
transfer
done
should
the
be
how
it is
desired
a
of
tial,
essen-
subscription
stockholders
to
a
take
certain
conditions
price by
property
known
really
pointed
different
a
list is
is
agree
of stock
of
amount
provide
to
as
and
amount
ordinary
but
not
out
the
first
and
manner
set forth
the
amount
certain
prospective
which
by
a
an
well
the
it is
raise
to
of
subscription
participate
if such
it is
then
sign
will
enough
and
money,
certain
a
if
parties having
organization
price, no
usually required, but
many
the
take
to
few
a
may
certain
price
the
price
stock
may
paying
then
per
it in
selling
in
in the
which
sub-
SUBSCRIPTION
scription
under
state
is
be
the
it is
paid
the
organization.
and
he
cannot
accuse
all
While
usually
depart
from
the
end
is
little
of
better
will
to
the
forms
to
suit
standing
under-
it
and
of
will
case.
to
found
be
a
It
in
safe
and
one.
it
though
start.
of
the
temptations
sure
the
cases.
If
full
even
will
be
be
and
given
which
a
seen,
list
subscription
circumstances
been
ganization
or-
practices.
sharp
right,
to
the
to
frank
only
have
most
parties
parties
the
form
cannot
the
yet
according
vary
and
scriber
sub-
successful
rule,
make
each
misapprehension
strong
are
start
that
Appendix
varied
to
is
the
a
the
should
that
circumstances
the
there
it
harder
course,
with
this
that
a
be
how
governing
so
under
to
start
must
of
It
is
and
company
conditions
or
its
of
governing
the
of
also
tion
corpora-
in
paid
the
any
organization
thereto
be
forth,
fraudulent
of
the
of
set
signed
the
conditions
starting
all
should
amount
Everything
know
that
total
to
the
frankly
may
say
the
all
and
and
fully
list
Territory
or
amount
in, and
organizing
be
State
organized,
stock,
181
subscription
what
to
capital
The
list.
LIST.
in
can
the
be
182
IV.
CHAPTER
PEOMOTEE
THE
The
is
promoter
which
past generation
head
of
since
and
he
was
as
one
the
he
was
as
much
defined
who
use,
and
nuisances
This
is
who
undertake
of
a
is
is
he
and
term
many
people
mind
the
famous
finally,in
*'
of
the
ness
busistill
are
ly
earth-
no
who
a
good
in the
use
will
the
name
that
the
profit
to
a
not
business
is
himself,
immediately
Humbug"
moter
pro-
scheme
connection
Hooley,
of
world.
of
In
are
deal
The
see
to
come
and
completion
will
avoided
be
genuine article,
of
of
later
understood.
promises
investors.
the
deal
to
can
are
years
years
has
bores
person
worthy
push
to
one
a
great
and
client
But
generally
now
unless
scheme
and
called, who
so
promoter,
ability and
plague,
the
the
few
recognized place in
tliat there
It is true
generally..
real
to
unmitigated
are
few
a
of
under
come
tribulation, he
promoters,
good
not
person
a
the
community.
the
things
new
curiosity ;
a
avoid
of
face
many
does
upon
would
a
the
patentable subjecfc-matter. A
looked
have
of
one
with
his
the
call
of
a
to
Lon-
THE
and
among
the
fact
the
that
still there
is
what
he
thought,
salary
the
how
see
within
the
in
heaven
get
to
usually
made
himself
in
scale
be
It
means
makes
the
than
rush
at
in
a
a
any
this
second
it to the
all.
good
most
before
do
last
years.
ures
treas-
up
do
it
by
time
A
wealth
it
business
limit
is
party finds
and
he
while
he
cuts
his
thing,
of
the
this
doubt,
no
if
but
career,
competition
to
able
un-
lated
accumu-
lay
to
cannot
a
are
few
last
present
of
all
an
short
if at
is necessary
and
of
the
possession
and
is
on
been
though,
quickly,
so,
done
he
rich
At
pushes it, and
profit.
his
process,
is commendable.
do
doubt,
no
during
old-fashioned
can
amount
country
time,
and
ordinary
represented by
have
has
wishes
the
of
out
save
it is
wealthy,
primitive financiers
which
man
world.
doctrine
fortunes
in this
A
him
ble
capa-
that
finance, though
to
income
or
colossal
the
in
honest,
effect
this
but
business,
business
the
to
in
are
makes
makes,
even
to
is bad
of the
that
infants
for
right
investors
among
who
saying
saves
what
not
that
all
members
old
an
man
a
wrought
promoters
valuable
and
he
of
are
183
nobility, but, notwithstanding
and
others
have
Hooley
many
examples
There
he
the havoc
don, and
been
PEOMOTiai.
on
while
a
it
big
can
this
be
done
can
by
profit,and
large corporation better, perhaps,
other
subject
way.
and
The
the
connection
text,
to
wit,
tween
bethe
Ibi
THE
PEOMOTER.
is that
promoter,
and
many
business
men
been
in
promoters, and,
nothing else now, and
be
must
his
same
It is doubtless
make
to
a
the
of
forward
a
a
benefit
one
who
who
of
means
This
a
be
corporation
to
and
or
it may
be
in
beginning
company,
trust, for the
of smaller
and
the
to
all
parties
with
tion.
corpora-
original
an
a
specialists,and
an
it is
age
terward
af-
and
business
of
absorbing
is
of
scheme
a
or
ries
car-
cially
espe-
technically
This
cerned.
con-
view
a
more
organizing
corporations.
by
and
it in
of
ventor,
in-
and
property
purpose
it
the
company
company
be
ways
promoter,
such
work
lines
concerned,
it, and
certain
pany
com-
and
as
organizing
by
acquire
manipulate
to
in
joint-stock
may
the
forward
carries
the
encourages
getting capital interested
one
on
are
scheme
business
stock
far
the
in
a
money,
so
that
case
wealthy.
quickest
investors
investors
is
promoter
a
if
great deal
the
invention, works
as
him
the
one
and
be
interesting
way,
wealthy by
makes
perfectly legitimate
for it should
by
made
that
are
promoter
in helping
succeeds
are
first
of them
many
of
it is
out
promoter
A
he
ciers
finanhave
successful
understood
laid
be
may
fact,
eminent
successfully promoted
already
known
America
which
process
be
of
therefore
clients,who
the
the
the
because
paid,
of
a
large
known
a
of
found,
series
cialties
speas
a
186
THE
people
the
recognize
services, and
who
carries
it forward
hire,and
is
in
of
for
pay
makes
undertaking
for
which,
been
induce
to
As
it
manufacturer
country
iron
under
a
$3,000,000
out
of
course,
came
was
well
skilled
a
rights by
the
he
or
means
said
steel
the
It is
a
of
or
untried
promoter's
Pittsburg
combined
industries
some
of
the
made
and
no
other,
an
that
1898
price,
over
while
this,
combination,
yet
because
the
saving
and
only
enormous,
the
thoroughly
dealing,
was
into
party
of
which
moment
the
operation,
knowing
combination
If
the
something
man,
in
to
interests
each
of
in
and
work
single management,
out
was
whom
with
of
worth
effected
is
who
immense
of the
with
moter,
pro-
expect
the
to
up
instance
recognized value,
iron
the
large
investments
an
and
profitable.
battling
large
scheme.
have
the
tion
combina-
on
very
combine
to
instance,
combination
falls
scheme
his
of
company
efliectinga
It is this
proposed
the
small
work.
this
bulk
stated, investors
above
as
of
recognition.
the
concerns,
the
and
worthy
new
a
in
or
established
and,
that
organizing
interesting capital,
is
substantial
known
that
scheme
new
success
receive
generally
either
work,
the
to
promoter's
the
consider
to
formulates
should
of
value
willing
are
person
It
PKOMOTEE.
could
he
a
people
carry
the
effect.
parties
of
a
wish
to
sell
corporation
the
patent
organized
for
THE
the
it
do
cannot
good
a
is
enterprise
and
right people,
is
float
to
easy
as
easier, if only
is
There
to
but
get
office
States
despair.
He
is
he
use
out
He
will
if
that
knows
going
to
a
and
to
interview
rest
any
a
knows
gentleman,
of
offices,
many
tions
ques-
matter
does
be
cultivated
and,
mankind.
man
has
good
has
as
how
found
and
used.
if necessary,
If it is
on
not
He
he
in
thing,
good
as
he
up
exactly
but
and
that
way
the
the
with
is almost
he
well-
find
ifc through.
brass
it
of
business,
his
has
find
will
; so
give
nearly everybody,
the
He
his
he
see
cient
suffi-
any
promoter
that
must
know
it
one,
perhaps
most
about
in
skilled
knows
is
sented
pre-
President
the
with
of ten,
out
cheek
with
placed
the
He
be
will
man
average
secretaries
rightly used,
it.
and
the
to
only promises
hedged
out, too, that
found
if it
concerning
obstacles
But
must
large
a
one,
investor.
so
him
despair.
to
see
asked
times
small
than
clerks,
vTill,nine
is
scheme
a
the
boys,
many
gold
also
interview
an
tries to
he
man
and
must
capitalistand
known
so
the
gigantic,
United
the
matter
new
be reached.
right people can
enough for any enterprise, no
the
returns,
easier
the
matter
a
One
do.
to
to
tions
connec-
presenting
as
money
how
matter
make
Promoting
thing
If the
rightly.
clear
way
better
promoter.
in
never-tiring
their
see
difficult
a
187
had
they
themselves,
with
be
and
purpose,
PEOMOTEE.
earth
sary
neces-
he
will
PEOMOTER.
THE
188
to
him.
He
dinners, the
Lord
knows
exclusive
gets into
He
to
comes
which
and
be
ignored,
and
works,
of
If he
be
to
ceases
who
unknown
private
are
exercised
be
must
everything
else.
competent,
and
stake,
at
has
to
prime
reach
propositions
to
say
that
be
is
count,
ac-
from
talists,
capi-
enlisted
who
is
and
when
definite
see
in
really
tions
ques-
conclusion,
and
being made,
perhaps
advantage
an
as
enterprise
an
up
care
interest
good-sized
talk
in
though
selection,
mover,
must
own
experience
person
a
he
energetic
our
them,
some
are
one
his
on
can
it is sometimes
accepted,
able
who
the
begin
and
third
times
well-known
their
A
few
a
to
use
in
of
promoter
transitory stage
It
frequently
can
than
better
to
pays
twists
is after.
smart,
services
enterprises.
it often
that
the
many
citizens
their
and
he
except
in this
promoters
promising
what
succeeded
are
introduction
an
is
he
other.
or
wriggles
to-day
has
there
and
he
promoter
a
but
way
some
finally gets
capitalist
yesterday.
in
sets
vited
in-
and
how,
capitalistwith
a
cannot
The
gets himself
interview
to
manage
another
to
be
party
fore
be-
who
is
deciding.
Finally,
we
consider
really successful,
energetic
to
merit
in
men
on
one
with
of the
earth.
questionable
one
the
which
He
promoter
does
schemes,
he
and
most
lend
self
him-
smartest
not
but
if
is connected
there
he
is
is
to
going
the
see
issue,
if
large
risks
and
him
is
in
skilled
make
through
carry
financial
made
himself.
the
whether
simply
in
not
him.
the
he
acquisition
trying
in
game
to
he
his
show
can
share
is
worth
compete
of
ethics,
with
but
on
whether
we
is
are
ventor
in-
others
and
candle
a
wealth
not-over-rich
money,
the
into
moralizing
quick
good
cesses
pro-
graduate
even
not
the
money
finally
of
with
and
old-time
may
are
how
the
and
We
accordance
how
gather
;
promoter-inventor,
capitalist
strictly
above
to
inventor
education
see
by
be
to
successful
a
liberal
will
of
prime
promoter
to
a
and
instead
quickly
a
had
has
methods,
referred
into
he
ward
for-
case,
the
Let
scheme
good
one
large
the
good
loses
carrying
the
himself.
a
lie
commend
unless
sometimes
with
and
conclusion,
in
is
alliance
an
in
takes
wins
We
engaged
line
this
he
them.
enterprise,
as
He
freely,
wins
to
are
happens,
mover
is
entitled
new
any
he
successful
a
done.
money
if
who
people
to
to
be
to
spends
and
nonchalantly,
stakes,
possible
lie
;
pushed
matter
is
it
189
PEOMOTER.
THE
leave
and
or
to
190
OFFICIAL
Fees
and
The
is
following
filingeach
issuing
in
In
For
each
design
design
seven
For
fourteen
On
every
for
for
a
.
.
:
and
six
months,
10.00
.
15.00
.30.00
years,
caveat,
.
.
.
.
.
.
the
application for
filingeach
On
an
appeal
Primary
.10.00
reissue
of
a
30.00
disclaimer,
for
the
10.00
.
first time
Examiners
to
.
.
from
the
the
Exam-
iners-in-Chief,
On
every
Chief
For
appeal
to
certified
For
the
10.00
the
from
Examiners-in-
Commissioner,
of
copies
specification
20.00
.
.
printed patents
and
drawing,
:
per
.06
copy,
For
the
certificate,
For
the
grant,
For
certifying
model,
$15.00
.20.00
.
.
patent,
On
ents,
pat-
:
years,
filingeach
On
fees
of
in' design cases,
cases,
years
For
schedule
a
payable.
original patent, except
cases
three
fee is
original application
patent, except
On
a
be
must
application
labels, prints, etc.
trade-marks,
On
Office
making
upon
in which
action
any
Patent
the
to
in advance
paid
for
payable
FEES.
25
.50
.
.
the
to
.
.
.
of
duplicate
a
.50
.
...
.
.
OFFICIAL
For
manuscript
of
copies
hundred
one
every
191
FEES.
for
records,
words
tion
frac-
or
thereof,
If
$0.10
for
certified,
the
tional,
addi-
certificate,
25
uncertified
For
printed
and
specifications
of
drawings
ordered
When
And
when
the
the
For
of
For
by
classes, each,
entire
of
of
.03
of
all
each,
of
three
.
patents
.01
.
.
.
.
.
.
.05
print,
not
.02
.
in
print
the
them.
making
assignment,
every
power
paper,
set
if in
cost
recording
each,
.
drawings
reasonable
.05
.
.
subclasses,
drawings,
copies
each,
by
is ordered,
granted
For
accompanying
patents,
ordered
When
the
of
copies
attorney
ment,
agreeor
hundred
other
words
or
under,
Of
1.00
three
over
thousand
Of
On
over
On
a
a
a
application
trade-
mark,
application
and
under
.
.
one
.2.00
words,
for
.
3.00
,
.
registration
.25.00
.
for
.
.
registration
label,
filing
of
thousand
one
filing an
of
On
words,
filing an
of
hundred
an
application
print,
6.00
for
registration
6.00
195
APPENDIX
In
tlie
which
are
of the
in
custom
this
varies
several
with
used
the
while
be
as
of
well
in
the
State
low
to fol-
readily
more
and
cific
spe-
instrument
an
is
it is well
strued.
con-
given
because
assignment
States
forms
any
acknowledgment
forms
form
the
of
still it is
can
different
and
respect
character
of
few
a
used,
essential
specificform
the
on
is not
usual
Ko
given
often
more
form
the
is
Appendix
this
to
low
fol-
the
where
strument
in-
is executed.
It
will
before
be
noticed
issue,
a
advisable.
why
the
This
have
is not
the
can
not
be
so
the
to
assignment
patent
there
issue,
omitted.
the
is
sioner
Commis-
the
issue
is
essential, but
If, however,
it should
request
to
in
is made
request
of Patents
assignee.
that
any
clause
to the
usually
reason
making
196
APPENDIX.
ASSIGNMENT
OF
ENTIEE
AN
BEFORE
INVENTION
LETTERS
I, John
Whereas,
State
of
New
OF
PATENT.
of
Jones,
have
York,
ISSUE
THE
AN
IN
INTEREST
the
and
City, County
invented
certain
and
new
in Can
I am
Openers for which
Improvements
Patent
of the
about
to make
application for Letters
United
States, which
application I have
signed and
executed
this
189
day of
; and
useful
..
Suffolk
and
and
State
the
entire
interest
Letters
in the
known
that
in hand
and
for
and
dollars
paid,
To
the
the
in
to be
Patent
Therefore,
NoWj
.
Smith, of Boston, in the County
of Massachusetts,
is desirous
of
James
WhereaSt
.
aforesaid
issued
it
all whom
other
valuable
receipt
of
title and
interest
set forth
in the
and
to the
and
I
of which
Smith
and
interest
said
James
In
the
as
Testimony
my
sell, assign and
the
whole
right,
invention,
referred
to, and
as
in
and
said
Letters
of
Assignee
and
me
issue
therefor,
may
request the Commissioner
therein, for the
Smith
affixed
and
the
issue
to
to
which
Patent
authorize
hereby
above
application
of
sum
edged,
hereby acknowlsold, assigned and
aforesaid
to the
the
it
is
Smith
James
in and
Letters
of Patents
James
said
the
unto
be
considerations
I, the said John
Jones, have
transferred, and by these presents do
transfer
;
concern,
consideration
in
quiring
ac-
invention
therefor
may
of
his
Whereof,
seal this
sole
to the
Patent
entire
my
use
and
said
right, title
behoof
of the
legal representatives.
I have
hereunto
day
hand
set
my
189
of
.
.
.
Witnesses
(Acknowledgment.)
If the
would
be
assignee is
as
follows
corporation
a
:
the
preamble
197
APPENDIX.
I, Jolin Jones, of tlie City, County
invented
certain
York, have
new
Whereas,
"
of
State
New
and
and
I am
in Can
Openers for which
Improvements
of the
Patent
about
to make
application for Letters
United
States, which
application I have
signed and
189
executed
this
day of
; and
useful
.
.
Nineteenth
Century Manufacturing
Company, a corporation organized and existing under
and
ness
of the Territory of Arizona
the laws
doing busiState
of New
in the
York, is
City, County and
interest
in the same
of acquiring the entire
desirous
;
the
Whereas,
"
"
body
If
of the
both,
State
ASSIGNMENT
OF
has
patent
identified
assignment
I, John
of New
York,
Whereas,
State
United
which
date
States
Letters
the
Patent
of all
1
am
rights
Whereas, James
under
and
IN
follows
Jones,
of
the
obtain
it should
:
Letters
in
Can
sole
the
same
owner
1899
of the
the
Openers,
and
January,
and
of
Patent
numbered
of
the
City, County
Improvement
are
be
date, and
as
the
now
under
INTEREST
be
did
an
and
organized.
already issued
twenty-fourth day
Whereas,
and
for
forth
set
PATENT.
then
may
tions,
corpora-
course,
ENTIEE
title, number
by
are
business
it is
THE
LETTEES
If the
transfer
does
Territory
or
the
already given.
will, of
company
like
substantially
the
to
preamble
each
where
be
assignment
parties
the
what
will
remainder
The
bear
; and
said
patent
; and
Smith, of Boston, in the County
of
APPENDIX.
198
Suffolk
and
entire
the
quiiing
known
that
hand
in
the
same
of which
receipt
is
hereby
it
of
sum
considerations
valuable
ac-
be
concern,
of the
consideration
in
of
;
it may
all whom
other
and
paid,
To
and
for
dollars
in the
interest
Therefore,
NoWf
Massacliusetts, is desirous
of
State
to
me
edged,
acknowl-
sold, assigned and
Jones, have
I, the said John
transferred, and by these presents do sell,assign and
transfer
the
unto
title and
in
interest
in
aforesaid, the
same
Openers
said
the
behoof
and
use
full end
of the
granted
as
been
In
been
not
for
and
said
the
as
had
I have
Whereof,
seal this
my
A.
B.
C.
D.
If the
for
to
the
are
would
have
assignment
and
hereunto
day
hand
set my
189
of
.
JONES.
.
.
(Seal.)
(Acknowledgment.)
APPLICATIOJS"
OF
has
patent
has
of
quoting
the
the
serial
number
and
of
to
the
above,
and
number
there
issued
filed, the
the
and
can
Patents,
date
be
as
assignee.
FILING.
AFTER
been
not
been
substantially like
patent
and
Patent
same
this
the
:
ASSIGK-MENT
given,
for
there-
behoof
Letters
JOHN
Witnesses
Patent
legal representatives
which
in
made.
Testimony
affixed
right,
enjoyed by
and
use
own
fully and entirely
and
enjoyed by me
held
sale
his
whole
Improvement
Letters
held
to be
the
said
the
to
of his
term
the
to
and
for
Smith
James
Smith
James
and
and
Can
and
said
a
of
of
that
the
1,
to
to
plicatio
apbe
instead
patent,
filing should
request
in form
the
would
form
except
date
but
the
issue
be
missioner
Comthe
APPENDIX.
ASSIGNMENT
OF
AN
UNDIVIDED
in
be
the
invention
follows
as
is to
assignee
I, John
of New
York,
day
in
did
Can
that
paid,
the
and
in
held
own
use
valuable
these
by
said
the
behoof
for
and
the
to
which
Patent
entirelyas
had
by me
In
and
Letters
the
this
Testimony
affixed
my
same
would
assignment
Whereof,
seal
this
end
of
the
been
and
sale
part
hereunto
for
his
of
his
for
term
fuUy and
and enjoyed
been
made.
hand
set
of
my
189
.
JONES.
.
.
(Seal.)
:
A.
B.
C.
D.
to
as
held
not
and
Patent
behoof
granted
day
in
Smith
and
have
I have
one-
one-half
use
are
me
edged,
acknowl-
Letters
James
full
to
interest
to the
said
of
sum
undivided
an
undivided
the
the
hereby
and
JOHN
Witnesses
of
it
sold, assigned and
do
seU, assign and
Smith
in and
and
legal representatives
said
is
right, title
enjoyed by
and
which
presents
James
said
aforesaid, the
and
of
be
concern,
considerations
Jones, have
John
of my
whole
said invention
be
it may
consideration
receipt
the
unto
therefor
twenty-fourth
all whom
part
the
the
Patent
;
other
said
transfeiTed,
to
same
and
and
I, the
half
1899
for
dollars
transfer
Letters
an
; and
Therefore, To
in hand
for
Patent
which
date
bear
and
City, Comity
Letters
Openers,
in the
interest
known
the
of Suffolk
Smith, of Boston,
County
of Massachusetts,
is desirous
of acquiring
State
Now,
will
James
Whereas,
an
form
patent, the
obtain
and
January,
and
est
inter-
undivided
an
of
Jones,
numbered
of
IN
:
Improvement
are
have
and
Whereas,
State
INTEREST
PATENT.
LETTEES
If the
199
(Acknowledgment.)
200
APPENDIX.
GRANT
OF
A
TEREITOEIAL
ISSUE
THE
I,
Whereas,
State
of New
which
the
all
am
and
the
in
for
dollars
same
in
other
the
transfer
paid,
the
Letters
States
the
James
Smith
same
and
for
to the
Maine
Essex
and
after
herein-
to
be
the
use
of
ing
acquir-
the
of
which
of
sum
to
in
in
secured
to, for, to
and
and
throughout
the
other
no
held
enjoyed
for
right,
Hampshire,
Suffolk
behoof
as
referred
New
or
all the
the
his
of
by
own
his
and
State
of
place
or
said
the
territory
and
use
legal
sentatives,
repre-
"c.
"Witnesses
it
is
invention
above
and
and
be
concern,
Smith
said
elsewhere,
not
folk
Suf-
of
considerations,
of
and
for, to
within
but
mentioned,
is desirous
James
Patent
of
of
places,
said
in and
interest
Massachusetts,
behoof
the
unto
Counties
patent
hereby acknowledged,
Jones, have sold, assigned
presents do sell,assign
receipt
and
the
said
County
Boston,
valuable
and
in the
bear
; and
territory
it may
consideration
I, the said John
transferred, and by these
and
Openers,
1899
whom
in
by
the
the
;
all
and
and
hand
of
me
me
Can
of the
in
same
of
and
owner
Massachusetts,
Noiv, Therefore, To
to
in
January,
sole
Smith,
of
interest
title and
Patent
numbered
the
the
James
that
Letters
of
and
City, County
; and
State
known
obtain
are
rights under
Whereas,
the
Improvement
an
now
mentioned
an
did
Patent
I
PATENTS.
of
twenty-fourth day
Whereas,
and
for
Letters
date
OF
Jones,
York,
States
United
John
AFTER
INTEREST
:
(Acknowledgment.)
APPENDIX.
202
sideration
the
of
of
sum
paid, the parties have
other
The
First:
of
party
first
the
referred
the
in
to
all that
agreed
the
party of the second
and
right to make, use
dollar
one
part
Letters
:
hereby grants
part
the
vend
the
to
follows
as
the
each
by
full
and
exclusive
aforesaid
Patent
to
invention,
above
named,
territory of the United
States
lying east of the Mississippi Eiver, including
and
in no
other
the State
of Minnesota,
places, to the
throughout
of the
end
which
for
term
of the
part
Letters
said
granted, subject, however,
the
to
Patent
conditions
were
after
herein-
named.
The
Second:
the
protect
at his
and
to
Letters
expense
defend
be
should
sued
herein
that
paid
this
the
the
in
to, to proceed
of
will
party
manufacture
the
of
Kock
to.
party
contract
to
referred
to
agrees
against infringers of the said patent
the party of the
second
part if he
for
fringeme
infringement, if said alleged in-
referred
The
Third:
further
part
herein
Patent
consists
Drill
first
of the
party
of
second
the
be
part, as a guaranty
out
in good faith, has
of one
part the sum
carried
first
the
dollars, the
is hereby expressly
receipt of which
acknowledged
by the party of the first part,
the party of the second
to pay
and
part further
agrees
of ten dollars
for
to the party of the first part the sum
kind
each
rock
drill of the
tured
manufacspecified above
and
sold
to
be
made
by him, such
payments
ten
sixty days and within
days from the time of
every
as
specified below.
making returns
thousand
The
Fourth:
manufacture
party
sell
and
machines
true
in any
one
under
returns
March,
year
him
May,
of the
and
of
the
on
agrees
of
further
Rock
that
agrees
the first
and
hundred
make
days
full and
of
November
Drills
his
to
books
of
January,
of
and
made
to
agrees
twelve
and
July, September
number
part
than
less
not
year
oath
second
each
sold
sales
by
shall
APPENDIX.
be
at all reasonable
open
of the
party
the
to
to the
times
first
day the
party of
return
203
part, and within
party of the second
the first part the
inspection of
the
days after each^
to pay
part agrees
ten
of
amount
royalties
due.
Fifth : Upon
the
failure
of
the
party
of
the
second
of license
to make
returns
or
part to make
payment
than
fees, as herein
provided, for more
thirty days
the
the
dates
herein
after
named,
party of the first
of the
the
this hcense
terminate
part may
second
party
part
of the
by serving
notice
written
a
second
shall
part
that
to
the
on
effect,but
thereby
not
party
be
charged
dis-
liabilityto the party of the first part
any
license
due
of the service
of
fees
at the time
from
for
any
notice, and
said
the
party
be
considered
of the
of the
thousand
one
second
part
of such
part
no
being applied
as
dollars
paid by
shall
sum
royalties herein
on
mentioned.
In
Whereof,
Witness
hereunto
set their
first above
and
hands
written
State
the
at
of
parties
and
above
seals
Pittsburg,
the
in the
named
F.
G.
H.
SUBSCEIPTION
County
year
of gheny
Alle-
Pennsylvania.
AGREEMENT
TlOl^
and
day
Witnesses:
E.
have
OF
BEFORE
A
A.
B.
0.
D.
OEGANIZA-
CORPORATION.
Whereas, John
Jones, of the City, County and State
of New
of Letters
Patent
of the
York, is the owner
United
States
No
dated
February 7th, 1899,
,
for
Improvement
Patent
of the
in
Sewing
United
States
Machines
; also
dated
No
,
24th, 1899, for an
Sewing Machines,
Improvement
and
in
a
Pressure
of Letters
January
Foot
for
APPENDIX.
204
a
John
Jones
under
the
General
known
as
the
Whereas,
corporation
to be
said
the
to
Laws
the
Jones
of
hundred
one
corporation
especiallyof
the
of
a
par
each.
Said
in the
sewing machines
the above-named
patents, but
and
of
within
the
and
it
general
is
of
scope
desired
shareholder
a
of
and
company,
to become
pany,
Com-
engaging
tools
of
of all kinds
maufacture
feet under
pressure
to do any business
dollars
the
purpose
of machinery and
manufacturing
State
thousand
shares
into
($100.00)
for
to be
hundred
one
dollars, divided
($100,000.00)
value
of
capital stock
a
of
Manufacturing
,
with
organize
proposes
the
by
in the
a
above
also
facturing
manu-
signed
undertion
corpora-
;
Therefore (insert
Now,
and
hereby promise
Jones
John
said
John
whom
he
Jones
of the
such
part
for.
earliest
the
possible
and
company,
to be
issued
First
fide
:
The
the
stated
herein.
Second
the
said
set
said
Jones
over
:
said
John
to the
pay
corporation
or
of
for
after
the
said
to
the
be
as
to
the
demand,
on
proper
the
Jones
Jones
of
corporation,
be
may
delivered
at
organization of
receipts or scrip
said
as
foUows
:
corporation
organization
shall
company
other
shall procure
in
all
aggregating
($25,000.00) dollars
Manufacturing
to the
paid
moment
John
said
On
thus
said
the
subscription price
is conditioned
twenty-five thousand
of
will
John
undersigned.
subscriptions
stock
of
subscription price
meanwhile
to the
Agreement
This
said
stock
The
the
capital stock
of
he
agreement,
said
the
promises
person
dollars, being
or
the
any
this
assign
may
shares
called
to
or
the
stated, that
hereinafter
of
sum
of
does
subscriber),
with
to, and
agree
consideration
in
Jones,
of
name
on
the
of
not.
said
less
of the
same
bona
than
capital
terms
as
corporation,
make
an
assignment to the
he shall
Company
by which
the whole
right, title and
APPENDIX.
interest
and
in
and
Third
The
for the
Fourth
said
of
shall
of the
Jones
Manufacturing
named.
John
said
Jones,
his
on
hands
1899, at the
and
City, County
seals
this
and
State
sideration
con-
his
the
our
in
part,
foregoing, promises to use
obtain
the
said
to
endeavors
twenty-five
of
($25,000.00) dollars
subscriptions and
efforts to perfect the organization of the said
Witness
chines
ma-
named.
Jones
capital stock
The
:
sewing
accept in payment
thousand
($50, 000. 00)
patents fifty
herein
Company
John
for
Patent
feet herein
said
of the
dollars
tlie Letters
to
pressure
:
205
best
thousand
day
best
his
tion.
corpora-
of
York.
of New
(Seal.)
If the
of
stock
preferred
in the
stock
"ent.
its
set
preferment
out
in
no
forth
"
the
the
this
organization
agreement
cases,
but
skilled
person
to
of almost
any
between
agreement
case.
its
use
will
be
should
ferred
pre-
if it is to
six
nature
be
clearly
can
differ
greatly
the
of
nent
perti-
there
tenor
per
any
parties.
it to meet
)
forth
the
general
"
distinctly-
fact,
that
so
(
amount
or
the
should
In
)
set
say,
stock
agreement.
different
a
matter
"
of such
whatever
or
misunderstanding
be
is to
cumulative
to the
in the
should
that
described,
certain
a
character
the
non-cumulative,
matter
set
and
cent,
per
have
fact
the
agreement
Ibe six
is to
corporation
(
will
be
viously
Obwith
enable
exigencies
206
APPENDIX.
The
in
form
of
different
for
one
certificate
a
States, but
stock
any
requirements of
these
Law, and
to the
Form
the
having
adapted
OF
First
The
:
company's
Second
State
name
the
meet
to
name
of the
Territories.
or
stock
:
INCOEPOEATION
OF
insert
States
preferred
CERTIFICATE
(Here
ferred
pre-
Jersey Corporation
form
easily be changed to con-
of other
no
for
;
New
can
laws
forms
two
providing
one
are
somewhat
vary
present
we
and
which
stock,
will
THE
of
company.)
Corporation
is
insert
(here
name.)
location
The
:
of
its
principal
office
in
the
New
of
Street, in the city
Jersey is at No
of Jersey City, County
of Hudson.
The
of the
name
and
in charge thereof
whom
agent therein
upon
cess
prothis
be
is (here
served
against
Corporation may
insert name
of agent. )
objects for which, and
the Corporation is formed
to do
are
set forth, to the same
things herein
Third
The
:
might
persons
world, to wit
or
could
(here
corporation.)
the
In
:
Furtherance
and
not
in
the
enumerate
of, and
conferred
do
for
any
Laws
To
hold,
deal
of
with
every
the
special objects of
of
purchase or otherwise
mortgage, pledge, sell,assign
of, the
the
State
that
general
of
the
:
acquire, to
and
transfer,
dispose of, to invest, trade, deal in and
and
merchandise
and property
goods, wares
otherwise
or
of
part
manufacture,
own,
the
natural
as
by
New
Jersey, it is hereby expressly provided
also the following powers
shall have
Company
powers
which,
all of
or
any
extent
in limitation
the
of
any
class and
description.
APPENDIX.
To
the
acquire
to undertake
whole
liabilities,of any
or
pay
bonds
own,
operate,
use,
dispose of,
otherwise
turn
and
elsewhere,
or
licenses
grant
and
assets
acquire, and
in
and
to
wise
to otherof
respect
or
all
inventions,
in connection
with,
any
used
otherwise,
or
the
sell,assign, or
to
processes
Patent
Letters
under
secured
and
otherwise
account
to
improvements
or
to
and
property,
firm, association
or
tion,
corporain
stock
of this
cash,
same
person,
for the
to
of
part
any
otherwise.
or
Company,
To
apply for, purchase, or
hold,
and
good will, rights
the
and
207
of
the
with
and
States
United
view
a
the
to
and
working
to carry
on
development of the same
any
business, whether
manufacturing or otherwise, which
the Corporation may
calculated
rectly
think
directly or indithese
to effectuate
objects.
To
out
enter
tracts
coninto, make,
perform and carry
kind
of every
with
corporation, without
make,
accept, endorse,
promissory notes, bills
debentures,
To
its
have
and
one
the
natural
purchase or otherwise
sell,convey,
mortgage,
class
every
the
to amount,
as
and
United
In
General
Jersey
referred
The
real
and
in any
on
all the
any
restriction
or
to
could
do,
own,
to
hold,
out
dispose of, withpersonal property of
powers
corporations
territory of
foreign country or place.
state
any
other
to
with
to
of
or
otherwise
on
carry
any
whether
therewith,
and
New
acquire,
or
all
on
might
persons
description,in
States, and
issue
bonds,
exchange, warrants,
transferable
strument
innegotiable or
offices,to carry
business, and without
as
and
execute
of
to
limit
to
as
firm, association,
to draw,
amount,
more
in
extent
same
person,
discount,
other
or
operations
any
limit
or
business
manufacturing
conferred
by
the
under
in
or
the
act
nection
con-
wise,
otherof
Laws
hereinafter
to.
duration
Fourth
:
The
of
the
total
Corporation
authorized
shall be
unlimited.
capital stock
of
this
APPENDIX.
208
is
corporation
($
dollars
(
shares
)
of
hundred
one
divided
),
into
dollars
($100)
each.
The
Fifth ;
of
names
office address
each
of
the
is
incorporators (the post
Street, Jersey-
No
number
of shares
the
Jersey), and
for by each, the aggregate
of which
($
which
the Company
of capital with
amount
New
City,
is the
business,
commence
O.
P.
Name
are
follows
as
scribed
sub-
)
will
:
No.
address
of shares.
Sixth
The
:
Board
the
without
assent
working
and
mortgages
real
the
of
vote
the
liens
and
without
to
as
holders
the
of
majority
a
of
amount
upon
stock
the
a
executed
to be
as
to
this
reserved
cause
limit
of
by-laws
be
to
.
,
power,
stockholders,
the
amount
have
personal property of this Corporation.
consent
in writing and
to
pursuant
and
With
rescind
authorize
capital,to
the
of
vote
and
fix
to
corporation,
shall
Directors
or
alter, amend
make,
the
of
.
.
.
the
issued
shall have
and
outstanding, the Directors
power
otherwise
or
authority to sell,assign, transfer
dispose
of the whole
of
this
property
Corporation.
and
The
whether
and
shall
be
no
or
powers
exercised
and
or
nevertheless,
charter, and
to
to any
and
of
of the
statute
them,
the
acts
or
the
of
the
any of them,
stockholders
;
of inspecting
the
Corporation
authorized
or
and
regulations
right
any
by
by
the
times
statute
upon
all such
done
what
document
Directors, in
do
at
or
of
conferred
and
have
resolution
by
determine
inspection
shall
authorities
time
Corporation,
by
Board
to
conditions
the
book
time
extent,
of the
conferred
as
Directors,
The
books
or
from
what
to
open
stockholder
account
except
and
under
and
accounts
any
to what
and
places
and
shall
Directors
by
the
stockholders.
addition
and
may
and
by
to
the
the
by-laws
exercise
things
powers
all
as
may
pressly
ex-
such
be
corporation, but
subject,
provisions of the statute, of the
from
time to
regulations that may
APPENDIX.
210
record
make,
agree
hereinbefore
set
Dated,
the
take
set
forth, and
do
shares
respectively
of stock
have
hereunto
accordingly
seals.
and
J.,
N.
Jersey City,
In
of
number
to
hands
our
certificate, and
file tMs
and
of
presence
(Seal.)
(
(
(
of
County
Be
hundred
this
that
on
and
ninety-
the
are
them
each
of
each
and
them
Received
their
as
same
the
in
and
.
No
.
the undersigned
I
satisfied
am
who
executed
first
made
the
known
thereof, they
contents
sealed
they signed,
and
livered
de-
act
and
deed.
County,
N.
J., Clerk's
voluntary
Hudson
189
Office,
having
the
that
acknowledge
the
in and
I
foregoing certificate,and
A. D"
before
who
named
persons
of
day
personally appeared
did
"
"
j
it remembered
eighteen
to
"
)
of
State
)
)
)
"
recorded
Clerk's
in the
Record
,
Page
on
Clerk.
Endorsed
"
Filed
189
.
Georqe
Under
of
to
give
business
the
Article
the
the
business
which
corporation,
it may
ever
is not
organization.
Secretary
Wuets,
Third,
company
.
care
specifies
should
sufficient
wish
to
of State."
be
to
scope
do,
contemplated
even
at
the
the
jects
ob-
taken
do
any
though
time
of
211
APPENDIX.
The
form
different
above
States
Secretary
of State
which
suitable
are
CERTIFICATE
10-cent
very'
from
the
blanks^
purpose.
STOCK.
COMMON
AND
in
in law
dealers
from
for the
PREPEERED
obtained
be
suit
to
but
above,
can
or
varied
be
can
stated
as
blanks
States
many
given
INCORPORATION
OF
internal
stamp
revenue
OF
THE
cancelled.
(Here
First
The
:
of the
name
company's
name).
The
location
Second
:
insert
of
of
name
company).
is the
Corporation
the
office
principal
sert
in-
(here
in
the
of New
State
Street, in the
Jersey is at No
The
of
name
City of Jersey City, County of Hudson.
the agent therein
in charge thereof, upon
whom
and
this
against
process
(herein
insert
Third
:
name
The
corporation
of agent).
objects for
the
corporation is formed,
set forth, to
things herein
might
persons
.
^
world, to wit
the
:
or
could
(here
which
are
the
do
and
for
do
any
to
and
in
the
any
of
any
all
or
which,
of
the
natural
as
part
of
the
special objects
of
corporation.)
of, the
furtherance of, and not in limitation
conferred
of the State of
by the Laws
powers
Jersey, it is hereby expressly provided that the
shall have also the following powers
:
In
r-
is
served,
extent
same
enumerate
be
may
To
1 the
V and
do
any
same
in any
To
hold,
or
extent
part
aU
as
the
natural
of the
things
persons
world.
herein
might
purchase or otherwise
mortgage, pledge, sell, assign
manufacture,
own,
of
set
or
eral
genNew
pany
com-
forth, to
could
do,
acquire, to
and
transfer.
APPENDIX.
212
otherwise
or
deal
with
goods,
of every
To
dispose of,
class
and
wares
and
will, rights and
good
to undertake
the
whole
of
liabilities,
any
person,
the
for
and
to
pay
bonds
company,
To
or
turn
and
secured
under.
and
the
and
assets
acquire, and to
wise
sell,assign, or to other-
otherwise
or
to
in
licenses
of
respect
or
provement
and
all inventions, imany
in connection
used
with, or
account
to
property,
otherwise.
or
use,
otherwise
property
firm, association
or
tion,
corporain cash, stock
of this
same
operate, and
dispose of, to grant
own,
of
part
any
apply for, purchase,
hold,
and
merchandise
and
in
description.
the
acquire
trade, deal
invent,
to
processes
Letters
Patent
of
the
States
United
or
ing
with a view
to the workelsewhere, or otherwise, and
ness,
of the same
and
to carry
on
development
any busithe
whether
otherwise, which
or
manufacturing
think
calculated
directlyor indirectly
corporation may
effectuate
to
To
these
objects.
into, make,
enter
kind
of every
with
perform
any
corporation, and, without
draw, make,
accept, endorse,
or
issue
promissory
bonds,
debentures
notes,
biUs
other
and
and
person,
limit
out
carry
tracts
con-
firm, association
to
as
amount,
and
execute
discount,
to
of
exchange, warrants,
negotiable or transferable
instruments.
have
To
of its
one
or
operations
more
and
all
offices,to carry
on
and
without
business,
or
any
restriction
might or could do,
and
otherwise
to
to purchase or
acquire, to hold, own,
otherwise
or
dispose of, without
mortgage, sell,convey
real
and
limit
to
amount,
personal property of
as
class and
description, in any State, Territory or
every
States, and in any foreign country
Colony of the United
to the
or
To
same
same
extent
as
natural
persons
place.
do
any
extent
or
as
all the
natural
things
herein
persons
set
might
forth
or
to
could
the
do.
APPENDIX.
and
in any
of
part
the
contractors, trustees
In
general, to
and
New
of
Jersey
The
duration
Fourth
The
:
on
business
conferred
under
corporations
of the
corporation
total
authorized
of
shares
by
the
Laws
the
Act
inafter
here-
capital
urdimited.
stock
of
divided
)
hundred
one
nection
con-
wise,
other-
or
be
shall
dollars, ($
)
in
manufacturing
powers
is
corporation
(
other
any
whether
upon
to.
referred
principals, agents,
as
otherwise.
carry
all the
with
world,
or
therewith,
2ia
this
into
dollars
($100)
each.
stock
said
Of
Said
to receive
of
out
bound
shall be
the
at
net
to pay
of
rate
a
the
or
stock
shall, at the
The
of
in
paid
holders
or
any
of
the
shall
Fifth
:
The
office address
be
general
of
such
names
of
stock
each
common
and
by
the
of
the
is
No
as
the
common
be
be
ject
sub-
on
and
shall, in
company,
shall
amount
or
or
,
the
preferred
Directors,
chosen
thereof
be
company,
19
....
preferred
full,before
holders
holder
the
be issued
may
shall determine.
of
of the
the
on
dissolution
liquidation or
Board
stock
of Directors
holders
of
discretion
preferred
Board
The
common
shall be set
any dividend
stock.
Such
preferred
common
redemption at par
day thereafter.
Such
the
be
earnings, and the company
fixed
dend
diviyearly cumulative
but
not
exceeding
per
before
apart
to be
preferred stock,
shall
shall entitle
the
payable
paid on
centum,
the
stock
preferred
dividend
be
stock.
general
to
shall
shares,
balance,
the
and
shares
any
when
of
case
entitled
paid
to
stock.
stock
may
remainder
or
choose
general
of
the
holders.
stock-
incorporators (the postStreet, Jersey
APPENDIX.
214
City, N. J.),and
the
each,
by
of
amount
the
business,
assent
alter, amend
and
to fix the
liens
or
and
the
holders
of
and
outstanding,
places
and
and
be
shall
and
no
except
Directors,
The
and
amount
books
the
conferred
by
or
Board
of
authorities
a
the
upon
and
writing
real and
the
shall
stock
have
issued
and
power
otherwise
or
the
to
pursuant
of
majority
from
dispose
Corporation.
time
at
conditions
and
determine
time
to
extent, and
what
and
times
regulations, the
Corporation, or any of them,
inspection of the stockholders
shall
have
or
document
by
upon
all such
the
of
them,
inspecting
Corporation,
by
the
stockholders.
addition
and
;
of
authorized
or
of the
Directors, in
statute
right
any
statute
resolution
by
conferred
mortgages
of the
book
or
make,
to
Corporation,
working capital,
executed
be
power,
Corporation.
of this
what
to
open
stockholder
as
as
Directors
what
under
account
any
the
shall
to
and
accounts
reserved
to
a
property
Directors
whether
be
sell, assign, transfer
to
whole
The
in
mence
com-
stockholders,
of this
to
will
have
shall
By-Laws
as
is the
of shares
the
cause
consent
of the
of the
of the
of this
vote
authority
vote
limit
without
Company
Number
Directors
to
)
:
of
amount
personal property
With
the
rescind
to authorize
and
which
for
subscribed
($
Address
O.
Board
The
the
which
follows
as
P.
:
without
with
are
Name
Sixth
of
aggregate
capital
shares
of
number
by
to
the
the
exercise
may
powers
By-Laws
pressly
ex-
all
such
be exercised
things as may
done
ertheless,
or
by the Corporation, but subject, nevthe
to
provisions of the statute, of the
from
time to
Charter, and to any regulations that may
be made
time
by the stockholders, provided that no
shall invaHdate
regulations so made
provisions of
any
powers
this
and
do
Charter,
or
any
acts
prior
and
acts
of
the
Directors
which
APPENDIX.
have
'would
valid
been
215
if such
had
regulations
not
made.
been
Corporation
The
additional
the
to
powers
Directors, and
the
upon
number
confer
By-Laws
its
foregoing
the
prescribe
may
in
may
constitute
to
necessary
of its Board
of Directors, which
number
quorum
be less than
the whole
number.
a majority of
The
by
Board
of
of
majority
a
of their
more
Corporation,
seal
shaU
and
Committee
of office be
terms
The
books
of the
books)
b)e from
It is the
intention
paragraph
in
said
by
of any
other
that
but
the
State
their
ings,
meet-
keep
and
stock
places
the
fer
transas
may
designated by
the objects specifiedin
that
be
paragraph,
reference
to
or
limited
nowise
from
other
the
in
*'
An
pressed
exor
stricted
re-
the
terms
this
ter,
Char-
of the
clauses
independent
of
purpose
Act
of the
in pursuance
of an
of New
Jersey, entitled
the
otherwise
where
inference
or
We, the undersigned, for
of
tenure.
to
paragraph
the objects specifiedin each
of this paragraph
shaU
be
regarded as
objects.
Corporation
respective
their
them.
shall, except
clause
nor
the
ecutive
Ex-
shall
their
State, at such
of this
to time
their
to hold
Corporation (except
said
dent
Vice-Presi-
offices, and
more
the
of
nor
cause,
power
of
as
authorto ize
power
affixed
be
to all
during
have
being,
of the
powers
of the business
during
for
or
mittee,
Com-
By-Laws
members
to removal
or
time
President
except
one
outside
time
the
shall
have
the
management
diminished
Directors
to
third
office
Executive
all the
exercise
nor
subject
of
two
in the
which
require it.
papers
may
Neither
the Directors
the
nor
terms
designate
Company, and have
the
Corporation to
of
shall be
passed
an
for
or
in the
affairs of the
the
constitute
may
resolution
Board,
resolution
of Directors
and
whole
to
have
by
may,
Committee
in said
provided
the
number
which
Board
Directors
a
forming
a
Legislature
Act
Concern-
216
APPENDIX.
"
ing Corporations
acts
amendatory
make,
thereof
and
agree
to
take
set
forth, and
hands
our
Dated
file this
the
the various
of
1896), and
supplemental
thereto, do
do
certificate, and
the
of
number
tively
respecof stock
shares
accordingly
have
hereunto
seals.
and
Jersey City, N.
In
and
record
hereinbefore
set
(Eevision
J.,
of
presence
.....(Seal.)
)
(
)
(
(
)
"
"
"
State
of
)
Be
P^**
of
County
A. D
before
named
in
and
each
that
it remembered
I
am
satisfied
and
who
executed
first made
the
lO-cent
internal
revenue
the
foregoing
known
to
them,
thereof, they did
contents
and
they signed, sealed
voluntary act and deed.
their
as
personally
are
that
same
of
day
undersigned
I
the
them,
of
this
the
who
having
on
peared
apsons
pertificate,
cer-
and
each
delivered
knowledge
ac-
the
stamp
cancelled.
Keceived
in
Office,
Becord
the
Hudson
County,
and
^1
N.
recorded
J., Clerk's
in
Clerk's
,
No
on
Page
Clerk.
Endorsed
Filed
"
Secretary
If the
'^non"
stock
can
be
is to be
inserted
ASSIGNMENT
Know
That
all
men
I,
by
non-cumulative
these
before
OF
of State."
the
w^ord
''cumulative."
SUBSCRIPTION.
presents,
in
consideration
of One
219
INDEX.
ABANDONMENT
PAGE
of
application
79
of
experiments
47
79
of invention
.
.
,
disclaimer
of invention,
by
of invention,
by express
revival
of
71
declaration
79
79
application
ACCIDENT
reissuable
causing
faults
75
ADDITION
to
composition
to
mechanical
92-94
of matter
patent
92
from
41
AGGREGATION
distinguished
combination
patentable
not
OF
ANTIQUITY
40
PARTS
negatives
never
novelty
of combinations
20
APPEALS
examiners
from
to board
of examiners-in-chief.
61-62
.
board
from
of examiners-in-chief
.
to Commissioner
of Patents
from
61-62
to
Commissioner
District
Court
the
of
of Columbia
Appeals
of
61-63
interferences
70
APPLICATION
abandonment
amendments
as
constructive
of
79
of
59
reduction
to
practice
68
INDEX.
220
APPLICATION
PAGE
examination
due
fees
final
190
filing
upon
fee
57-58
of
for
letters
60
patent
forfeited
80
for reissues
77
importance
of early
importance
of proper
than
more
two
of executors
of
preparation
relating
statutes
important
67
after
years
51-52
to
sale
53
or
public
use
47
....
administrators
or
reexamination
37
of
59
rejection of
what
ART
51-59
constitutes
51-56
complete
a
PROCESS
OR
patent law
included
when
of the
meaning
in
word
23
application with
same
talities
instrumen23
ASSIGNMENTS
of
acknowledgment
128
how
authenticated,
128
of inventions
of
130
130
patents
recording
of
129-130
right to make
by undivided
interests
135
ATTORNEYS
of
importance
BROADENED
52
good
REISSUES
when
too
OF
BURDEN
on
employing
late
to
apply
for
75
PROOF
questions
of
prior
47
use
CAVEATS
how
to
merely
secure
substantially
the
benefits
same
evidence
29
29
of little value
27
requirements
30
%
INDEX.
221
CAVEATS
PAGE
of
term
27
of
when
advantage
to
file
29
CLAIMS
for
an
art
for
combinations
function
24
92
of
57
and
infringing,
in
not
letters
same
84
patent
insufficient
51
COMBINATION
claim
to
for, not
dissolved
omission
by
from
distinguished
of old
broadened
be
devices,
92
of any
element
one
41
aggregation
having
,
mode
new
92
of
20
operation
of
patentability
COMMISSIONEE
20
PATENTS
OF
appeals
to, from
appeals
from,
to
board
of examiners-in-chief
Court
of
Appeals
of
61-62
District
of
Columbia
61-63
COMPOSITIONS
MATTER
OF
claims
for
94
defined
22
infringement
94
in
requirements
22
specification
COPYKIGHTS
and
author
his
assigns
right
and
vend
109
115
countries
having copyright
definition
of
of
entry
failure
as
to
relations
engraving,
126
110
cut, print
115
copyright
exclusive
fees
print
of record
copy
false
to
right
to
claim
of authors
to dramatize
and
translate.
117
deposit
for
and
penalty
119
for
for
general
110
115-116
issue
importation
124
not
permitted,
and
exceptions
thereto
113-114
INDEX.
222
OOPYEIGHTS
PAGE
121-122
infringement
123
injunction
editions
new
and
newspapers
magazines
after
action
no
foreign books
of
two
be
may
117
be
may
113
imported
124
years
of
notice
118
.
of
notice
,
decorative
on
articles
119
121-122
penalties
type set in tlie United
printed from
printing
without
importing
or
to
postmaster
States
112
113-116
permission
118
give receipt
125
separate entries
110
of
term
title
description
or
obtain
to
Ill
112
copies to be deposited
two
who
deposit copies of subsequent
to
when
to
editions
117
116
importation
prevent
CONTRIBUTION
34
joint inventors
between
OOEPORATIONS
advantages
of
advantages
of
as
164
retaining control
defendants
patent
169
90
cases
,
of
bonds
individual
and
164
in
directors
of
179
between,
difference
form
in
in
169
of
assignment
patents
to
197
how
to
interest
172
how
to
organize
166
illustration
of how
introduction
and
nature
of
preferred
sale
preferred
stock
prospectus
selling stock
states
to
166-167
organize
of
patented
stock
inventions
in
by
164
175
175
in
,
172
of
171
of
having liberal
laws
relating to
%
166
INDEX.
223
COSPOBATIONS
page
stockholders
in
169
lists
subscription
of
180
DATE
in
of invention,
interference
actions
67
DESCBIPTION
of
fullness
56
DESIGN
of
duration
distinction
fees
for
how
not
relate
and
between
structural
patents
25
190
infringed
25
25
what
to
what
25
24
of
subjects
are
VEEY
DISCO
patent
law
of the
meaning
word
42
DISCLAIMERS
defined
object
71
71
of
USE
DOUBLE
39
invention
not
DRAWINGS
constitute
part
AND
EMPLOYEB
implied
license
employ
may
letters
51-56
patent
EMPLOYEE
must
employee
of
one
the
make
36
application
36
to
to
36
invent
EQUIVALENTS
ingredients
among
of
compositions
of
matter
94
85
defined
EXAMINATION
of
57
apxjlications
EXAMINEBS-IN-CHIEF
appeals
who
to
composes
board
of
61-62
62
INDEX.
224
EXECUTORS
AND
ADMINISTEATORS
for
applying
letters
page
37
patent
EXPERIMENTS
do
not
amount
to
EXPERIMENTAL
prior
public
or
48
use
USE
from
distinguished
public
'*
"
use
48
constitutes
what
48
FAULTS
which
patents
cause
reissuable
be
to
71
FEES
various
190
government
FORMS
assignment
of entire
interest
before
assignment
of entire
interest
to
assignment
of
entire
interest
assignment
of
application
assignment
of
subscription
assignment
of
an
of
certificate
196
patent.
corporation,
197
letters
197
patent
filing
198
216
corporation
interest
in letters
199
patent
subscription
of
211
patent
200
royalty
of
form
simple
in
of
incorporation
with
of license
after
undivided
issue
after
grant
in
issue
shop
201
license
201
before
agreement
organization
of
poration
cor-
203
COUNTRY
FOREIGN
knowledge
of
in, prior to patentee's invention.
use
47
.
.
PATENTS
FOREIGN
connected
expenses
governed
how
instances
when
in
wit?h
relation
137
to
137
.
of valuable
advantageous
.
138
to
take
out
138
GRANTS
difference
of
rights
between
under
and
letters
assignment
patent.
132
132
INDEX.
226
INTEKFERENCES
page
in what
64-65
cases
67
of
nature
questions
preliminary
settled
be
must
laration
dec-
before
66
of
INVENTORS
and
introduction
inventions
patented
in
application
make
must
of
sale
United
151
by
States
31
155
prolific
'
should
conceal
not
57
anything
32
as
women
INVENTION
of
product
from
absent
mechanical
skill.
39
.
.
42
defined.
determined
to
distinction
be
may
extent
some
invention
between
owned
by
other
not
mere
combination
of old
devices
.
85
not
substitution
of
equivalents
mere
substitution
of
superior
when
mode
new
20
mere
what
no
.
improvement
workmanship
in
38
not
85
not
materials
42
not
42
patentability
to
of old
39
32
not
mere
use
skill..
inventor
having
enlargement
new
41
mechanical
the
mere
necessary
rules
40
aggregation
operation
and
than
mere
of
by negative
process
or
thing
39
not
42
constitutes
workman
or
mechanic
may
produce
35
an
INVENTIONS
as
a
means
for
as
a
means
to
avoiding
to
approximate
how
to
produce
important
introduction
sale
of
of
the
value
statutes
of
patented.
18
.
.
protection
relating
of
17
140
valuable
proper
competition.
17
wealth
how
importance
destructive
to
19
53
151
151
INDEX.
227
INVENTIONS
PAGE
successful
should
valuable
be
to
17
18
..
16
patentable
what
are
not
what
are
patentable
of
advantage
20
INVENTIONS
device
working
153
the
regards
as
43
PATENTED
OF
INTRODUCTION
advice
patented
little
of
value
be
151
advertising
by
by
152-160
business.
a
152
by Joint-stock
companies
corporations
or
164
manufacturers
by
160
by prolific inventor
155
,
by
third
by
territorial
party
depends
on
depends
on
to
circumstances,
intention
151
have
must
not
what
some
others
154
worth
discouraged
inventors
relating
151
151
something
be
inventor
of
to
necessary
interest
must
when
157
grants
,
first step
how
159
to
introducing
151
in
have
154
to
established
contend
154
with
business
156
PATENT
JOINT
sole
for
voids
invention
the
34
patent
PATENTEES
JOINT
in
tenants
are
what
91
common
constitutes
JOINT-STOCK
34
COMPANIES
introduction
and
sale
of
patented
inventions
by
164
(See Corporations.)
KNOWLEDGE
in
47
foreign country
inventor
presumed
to
have,
of state
of the
art
40
INDEX.
328
LABELS
PAGE
defined
fee
106
for
relates
to
OP
LAPSE
107
registering
106
what
TIME
before
for
applying
LETTERS
reissue
75
=
.
.
PATENT
claims
57-84
of
,
notice
constructive
to all persons
40
of
duration
.
1-53
LICENSES
defined
132
duration
of
133
36-133
implied
written
oral
or
132
MANUFACTUEER
introduction
of
patented inventions
160
by
MACHINE
defined
20
how
21
claimed
MANUFACTURE
of
infringement
law
patent
93
,
meaning
of the
word
21
MARKING
effect
of not
article
patented
process
or
of
should
be
87
88
art
,
BEFORE
MARKETING
bearing
87
OF
ISSUE
foreign patents
.
.
.
PATENT
88
on
MORTGAGE
defined
132
recording
NEW
132
of
USE
of
old
thing
not
39
invention.
%
INDEX.
229
NOVELTY
PAGE
as
affected
as
affecting patentability
tests
by prior
abandoned
experiments
47
20
of
42
PATENTABILITY
prerequisites
of
54
PATENTEES
a
few
famous
7
a
blessing
PATENTS
as
consideration
given
of
creatures
of
effect
trade
not
3
7
5
United
owned
modern
2-6
of
for
be
may
for
1-53
importance
issued
10
public
statute
duration
on
the
to
by
States
and
others
than
application
of the
Territories
89
inventor
32
2
monopoly
a
notice
to
origin
and
value
40
public
1-2
nature
undivided
interests
in
134
of
who
2
term
16
obtain
may
PATENT
31
EMPLOYEES
OFFICE
cannot
obtain
37
patents
PEINCIPLES
not
21
patentable
ABANDONED
PEIOE
as
affecting
EXPEBIMENTS
47
novelty
PRINTS
PRIOR
defined
106
distinguished
106
fee
107
for
USE
burden
of
proof
on
who
alleges
47
INDEX.
230
USE
PRIOR
in
PAGE
when
foreign country
in this
novelty
47
46
novelty
negatives
country
PRINTED
PRIOR
negatives
PUBLICATION
negatives
47-54
novelty
PRIORITY
rival
questions of, between
inventors,
how
settled.
64
.
PROCESSES
claims
for
24
patent law
PUBLIC
of the
meaning
word
23
USE
for
than
more
two
years
before
application
constitutes
what
47
48-49
PROMOTERS
a
distinct
application
introduction
and
sale
of term
182
of inventions
by
of
uses
182
184
REDUCTION
TO
PRACTICE
of
importance
68
RECORDING
of
assignments
129
of
grants
129
REISSUES
for
applications
77
broadened
delay
OF
SALE
75
in
applying
PATENTED
of
advantage
advice
as
to
as
75
for
INVENTIONS
working
regards
device
153
the
151
155
improvements
152-160
by advertising
by joint-stock companies
and
corporations
164
by prolific inventors
155
by royalties
160
by
third
depends
159
party
on
what
to
effect
151
INDEX.
SALE
INVENTIONS
PATENTED
OF
first
step
231
PAGE
to
necessary
153
sales
false
how
161
others
interest
to
has
if inventor
must
have
must
not
no
in the
153
how
money,
to
effect
152-166
something
discouraged
be
of patent
151
154
complete
158
rights
159
territorial
SIGNATUBES
to
54
drawings
MECHANICAL
SKILL,
of the
meaning
39
phrase
INVENTION
SOLE
distinguished
from
joint
not
inconsistent
with
not
inconsistent
with
OF
STATE
THE
for
fees
received
mechanical
specially sought
34
assistance
information..
34
35
AKT
of
copies
144
patents
of examination
importance
libraries
for
subclass
of
of
state
the
143
142
art
142
patents
STOCKHOLDERS
rights
invention
IN
CORPORATIONS
of
169
SUBSTITUTION
as
85
infringement
affecting
SUGGESTIONS
INVENTORS
TO
distinguished
from
joint
invention
34
TITLE
128
by assignment
TRADE-MARKS
characteristics
of
97
defined
differ
97
from
geographical
good
only
101
patents
on
name
certain
100
as
class
of
goods
102
232
INDEX.
TRADE-MAKKS
page
illustrations
of
of bad
and
good
97-98-99
interfering
object
of
owner
may
103
101
registration
in State
sue
for
courts
infringement
of
97-100
100
registration
of
registration
of confers
additional
no
100
right
of
requirements
value
of
what
constitutes
101
104
of
infringement
105
UTILITY
to
what
extent
to
necessary
20
patentability
WARRANTY
of title
WHAT
134
TO
INVENT
as
to
complicated
as
to
demand
as
to
simplifying
cannot
145
always
importance
importance
invention
of
when
a
a
well-known
tell value
of demand
of little
or
means
process
in
LEAg'09
machine..
147
145
things
to
article is
146
147
knowing
at
cheapen
first
some
146
staple
article
145
147
designs
better
or
of invention
usually complicated
machinery
value
146
means
produced
145