1. No category

Do you know
how to protect
yourself?
Protection guidelines
Europ an Em rg ncy
all umb r
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n ral S cr tariat for
ivil
rot ction
www.civilprotection.gr
Do you know
how to protect yourself?
Protection guidelines
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NDEX
Preface
5
Forest fires
6
Earthquakes
10
Tsunami
13
Landslides / Mudslides
14
Floods
16
Severe Weather Phenomena
20
Strong Winds
22
Storms
24
Snowfalls & Extreme Cold
26
Frost
28
Heat Wave
30
Volcanic Eruptions
32
Technological Hazards
34
Chemical, Biological, Radiological
& Nuclear Accidents
42
Useful Numbers
47
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P E
E
The current guide deals with
the protection from natural and
technological hazards. Information
contained herein is based on scientific
knowledge, research results and
experience gained from disasters.
This short publication on protection
guidelines is easy to handle in order
to get reliable information in case of
emergency or even better before a
disaster occurs.
There was an effort to include all
potential hazards that could affect
Greece. The disasters mentioned in
this guide are not always frequent or
dangerous. It is suggested that it is
of your benefit to study this guide in
detail. Studying this guide, will help
you to plan, and decide on emergency
response situation, and get an
estimate on potential outcome due to
those unexpected phenomena.
Discuss the general guidelines
contained in this booklet and get
yourself familiar with the instructions
how to protect your life and property.
The guide entitled “Do you know how
to protect yourself?” is one tool of
information available by the General
Secretariat for Civil Protection of
Greece. The guidelines are also
available at the web page
www.civilprotection.gr
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To r v
a fir
• Don’t burn litter or dried grasses and
small branches (twigs) during the
summer.
• Don’t burn open-air barbecues in
forests or places close to dried
grasses or branches during the
summer.
• Avoid open-air works that may cause
fire. Do not torch weld, use wheel or
other instruments that create sparks.
• Never throw lit cigarettes in open-air
places.
• Don’t leave rubbish in the forest.
There is danger of ignition.
• Respect the prohibitive signs of
access in periods of high danger.
•
•
•
•
f your house lies inside or
near a forest or a forestal
area
• Create a fire break around your house
by clearing and removing dried grass,
pine-needles, dried leaves, branches
etc beyond 10meters of your house.
• Prune the trees to the height of
3meters, according to their age, and
the condition of their branches.
• Remove all dried branches from the
trees and the bushes.
• Thin the trees in a 5meters distance
from your house so that their branches
don’t lean on the walls, on the roof or
the balconies.
• Space out around the building the
woody vegetation so that the branches
of one tree is at least 3 meters apart
from another. For greater security and
if the circumstances permit it, remove
the woody and bushy vegetation
around the building in a distance at
least of 10meters.
• Don’t put plastic spouts or plastic
•
•
•
•
sewers of water to the walls of the
building.
Protect the windows and the glass
doors by placing shutters from not
inflammable materials.
Cover the chimneys and the ventilation
pipes with a specific, not inflammable,
wire-cable so that the sparks will not
penetrate the interior of the building.
Don’t store inflammable objects near
the house.
Don’t put uncovered fuel- tanks near
the house.
Keep the fire-wood in closed and
protected places.
Buy the appropriate fire-extinguishers
and take care of their maintenance.
Be equipped with a water pipe with
length proportional to the area you
want to protect.
A water tank, a non-electric power
pump and a water pipe can protect
you from fire.
f you
fir
• Ring up IMMEDIATELY to the Fire
Brigade call center (199) and give
clear information about the location
and the exact point where you are, as
well as information about the location
and the exact point of the fire.
• Describe the kind of vegetation that is
burning.
• Specify the direction of fire.
• Don’t hang up before you give all
necessary information.
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f fire is approaching
your house
• Remain cool.
• Remove promptly all the inflammable
materials from around the building to
closed and sheltered places. Their
ignition might contribute to spread
the fire in the building.
• Close all the passages (chimneys,
windows, doors etc) to prevent firebrands to penetrate the building.
• Shut off all the gas and liquid-fuels
supplies inside and outside the
building.
• Immediately roll up sunshades from
the balconies and the windows.
• Open the gate of the garden to
facilitate the fire fighting vehicle
access.
• Put a ladder outside the building
so that someone is able to climb
immediately on the roof. The ladder
should be placed at the opposite side
of the fire direction.
• Connect the water pipes with the taps
outside the building and spread them
so that the perimeter of the building is
covered.
• If visibility is reduced, switch on the
interior and exterior lights of the
building in order to be more visible
through smokes.
f fire is next to your
doorstep
• Close all the doors and windows
and block up all the cracks with wet
clothes.
• Remove the curtains from the
windows.
• Move any furniture into the center of
the residence away from windows
and exterior doors.
• Close all the doors in between, to
retard fire spreading in the building.
• Fill up the baths, wash-basins and
buckets so that you have spare
water.
• Gather all together in one place
• Keep a torch and spare batteries
at hand in case of electric power
failure.
• If your house is made of wood,
seek shelter in a neighbouring
building.
• If advised to evacuate the area
follow strictly the instructions and
the routes suggested.
• Don’t give up your place unless
s soon as the fire
your escape is completely secured.
extinguishes
• The possibility of survival in
a building constructed by not
• Get out of the house and at once
inflammable materials is great. On
put out the remaining small spots.
the contrary it is small inside a car • Control for at least 48 hours, in fixed
that lies in smokes and flames.
periods of time, the perimeter and
the exterior spaces of the building for
• Enter the house with your whole
possible small spots and re-ignitions.
family and pets.
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BE
E
T EE T
E
• Fix shelves and bookcases to the
walls.
• Screw fuel and water tanks as well as
heaters to the walls.
• Put heavy objects to lower shelves.
• Remove heavy objects from above
beds and sofas.
• Fix all lights.
• Specify well protected spaces in each
room of the house
- Under steady desks or tables.
- Away from glass surfaces and
bookcases.
- Away from exterior walls.
• Specify safe spaces outside the house
- Away from buildings and trees.
- Electric and telephone cables.
• Check the correct function of the
electric network as well as all
connections of the gas network.
• Inform all family members of how to
turn off the switches/valves (water
supply, electricity, gas).
• Inform all family members of the above
mentioned measures.
• Get a portable radio with batteries, a
torch and a first aid kit.
• Inform, especially the children of the
family, of the emergency numbers
(112, 100, 166, 199, etc).
• Agree on a specific place to meet after
the earthquake.
D
NG
T EE T
E
f you are inside the house
• Remain calm.
• Cover yourself under any steady
furniture and protect your eyes using
the interior side of your hand.
• If there isn’t any steady furniture
around you, sit on the floor turning
your face towards the interior wall,
away from windows and furniture
which could fall on you.
• If you are in bed, do not move and
protect your head using a pillow.
• Do not try to move away from the
house.
• Do not use the elevator.
• Do not go out in the balconies.
• If you are on a tall building move away
from glasses and exterior walls.
• If you are in a recreation place or in a
store or mall, remain calm and avoid
panic. Stay away from the crowd which
could probably be moving irregularly
to exits.
f you are outside the house
• Move away from neighbouring
buildings as well as from electric or
telephone cables.
• Cover your head using a briefcase or a
purse that may be available.
• Stay in an open space until the
earthquake shock stops.
f you are using a vehicle
• Drive to an open space and stop the
car immediately.
• Stay inside the car until shaking stops.
• Avoid bridges or pedestrian overpasses.
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TE T E
E T
E
tsunami. However, when you
feel an earthquake, stay alert. A
• Be prepared for the aftershocks.
warning for an oncoming tsunami
• Check for possible injuries to you or
may follow.
anyone around you.
• Do not move seriously injured
- A relatively small-sized tsunami
persons.
could be transformed to an
extremely dangerous tsunami in a
• Follow the instructions of the
distance of several kilometers.
authorities and do not believe in
ungrounded rumors.
• Use the telephone only in
emergency to avoid an overload of
the telephone network.
• Do not use the car, impeding the
rescue parties.
During the earthquake
• Avoid entering the house especially indoors
if you see damages, smell gas or
see any cables destroyed.
• Cover yourself quickly under the
desk.
f you are close the seaside • Fall on the knees and cover your
head with your hands.
(tsunami)
• Stay away from the windows.
• The earthquake constitutes a natural • Stay where you are until you are
warning for an oncoming tsunami.
given more instructions by your
After a strong earthquake, move
teachers.
away from the seashore or from
areas of low altitude next to the sea. During the earthquake
• Stay away from seaside areas until
in an open space
you are informed by the competent
Service that risk is over. A tsunami
• Listen carefully to the instructions of
is not only a wave but a series of
your teachers and stay away from
waves with different time of arrival at
other buildings, trees and cables.
the seashore.
• Sit on the ground and cover your
head with your hands.
• Do not approach the shore in order
to watch a tsunami coming. When
• Stay outdoors.
you see the tsunami coming, it will
• If you are in the way to school, do
probably be too late to avoid it.
not change your itinerary and go on
in the same direction.
• In many cases, an oncoming
tsunami is preceded by an
• If you return home from school, do
important increase or decrease of
not change your itinerary and go on
the water level. This phenomenon
in the same direction.
constitutes a warning of the nature
and should be seriously taken into
consideration.
- Not all earthquakes cause a
TS
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a
Mu
li
li
EMEMBE
T T…
Land slides intensify the
consequences of floods, which are the
result of heavy rainfalls or melting of
big quantities of snow.
They occur especially in sides with
steep sloping that have being laid
bare by fires.
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D
BE
N
E
E
• Be familiar with the land surrounding
you. Try to find out if there were
landslides or mud flows in the
region by asking local authorities,
people living there before you as
well as the competent geological
services or university sections.
The sides where landslides have
occurred are likely to face the same
phenomena in the future.
• Help local authorities in their
efforts to specify the land usage
and fix the appropriate building
specifications in areas that run the
risk by landslide. The buildings must
be built away from steep slopes,
streams, rivers and their estuary.
• Take notice of the characteristics
of the hydrographic network in your
area and especially the places
where the run off of the water
converges, increasing the flow on
sides covered by ground. Observe
the hills and sides around you
searching for indications of land
movements, such as landslides,
mud flows, fragments’ flow or
gradual bending of the trees.
• Communicate with local authorities
to learn how to face an emergency
and the evacuation plans in your
area, if such plans have already
been elaborated. Develop your own
emergency plan for your family and
your enterprise.
NG
N
E
• Stay awake and always be on the
alert. Many deaths have occurred
by landslides when people were
asleep.
• Listen to the radio for warnings
relative to the phenomenon of
heavy rainfall. Heavy rainfalls of
short duration may be extremely
dangerous especially after periods
of prolonged rainfalls and humidity.
• Watch out for strange noises
speculating land movements.
Such noises may come from trees
snapped or breaking rocks. An
initial noise from mud flow or rocks
tumbling may be preceded by a
huge landslide.
• If you are near a stream, be on the
alert for any sudden increase or
reduction in the flow of the water
and an eventual change of its
clarity. Such changes may indicate
an activation of fragments flow or
landslides from higher areas.
• If you are in areas where there is
danger of landslides and mud flow,
get informed of the possible ways
of escape, in order to use them
when needed. Remember that
driving during a heavy rainfall is very
dangerous.
• Be prepared to move quickly. Do
not waste time. Give priority to save
yourself and not your belongings.
• Be on the alert when driving.
Roadsides are particularly sensitive
to landslides. Watch carefully when
driving for possible landslides,
collapse, mud, falling rocks and
other signs of possible fall of
fragments.
• If you cannot move away, move to a
higher floor of the building.
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BE
E
D
f you stay in an area with
flood problems during the
past
• Make sure that the wells and gullies
outside your house are not blocked.
• Make sure that house drains
function properly.
• Reduce your removals as much as
possible.
• Avoid working or living in
underground places if necessary.
D
NG
T E PPE
D
N E
• Avoid underground places and
move to a secure higher point.
• Don’t cross torrents on foot or by
car.
• Abandon your car if it gets
immobilized as it might be swept
away or flooded.
• Stay away from electric wires.
• Avoid areas where there have been
landslides.
T NS N
DED
E S
Stay away from flooded areas
or areas dangerous to flood in
the next hours
• The flood is likely to have changed
the area characteristics and waters
might have swept away parts of the
streets, the pavements etc.
• Dangers are imminent from broken
pavements, areas with dangerous
slope, flows of mud etc.
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• The water is likely to be polluted
from rubbish, dead animals, raw
sewage or other materials.
• Be careful not to prevent the
rescue–parties.
• Don’t approach areas where
landslides and rock falls have been
recorded.
• Check if your house or place of
work runs the risk of a possible fall
of rocks.
f you need to walk or to drive
in flooded areas
Th r
ora io
of a a
a ho
or
h
lac of
loy
• Try to find solid ground.
• Avoid moving waters.
• If you see a flooded street, stop and If the area you stay had been
evacuated, don’t return before the
change direction.
• Avoid stagnant waters that could be authorities indicate that is safe.
electric-current conductors if there
are underground power cables or
efore you begin
leaks.
restoration works at your
• Follow the authorities’ instructions.
place
• Switch off the electric supply even
if the power company has switched
off the whole area.
• Turn off the water supply in case the
network fails.
o overhaul a flooded
building, pay attention to
• Wear protective shoes so as not
to get injured from objects or
irregularities of the ground hidden
by water.
• Examine the walls, doors, stairs and
windows.
• Check the networks of electric
power, water and drainage systems.
EMEMBE
Even when flood waters recede,
danger exists.
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S v r W a h r
Ph
o
a
ry to facilitate the work of the
competent authorities with your actions
and presence.
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GENE
NST
T NS
• Be informed by the media (radio,
television, etc) on the progress
of the phenomena. The General
Secretariat of Civil Protection and the
National Meteorological Service are
the formal sources of information.
• In case of emergency call the Police
(100), the Fire brigade (199) the
Hellenic Center for Emergency Care
(166) or the European Emergency
Call Number (112).
• Note the above mentioned phone
numbers in a conspicuous position
inside the house and make sure that
your children are informed of them.
• Help your children learn important
family data such as their last name,
the address and the phone number
of the house, your cell phone
number etc.
• Explain to all family members how to
recognize noises being the sign of a
disaster (i.e. sirens), when and how
to switch off electric power, natural
gas and water supply, how to use
the fire-extinguisher, how to call for
help, etc
• Get emergency equipment, such as
a torch, a portable radio functioning
with batteries and a fire-extinguisher.
• Get a first aid kit.
• Take care of children and the
elderly.
E G NG
T M E
• Be informed of the weather and
the condition of the roads and
be prepared, according to your
destination, for any weather
phenomena you may find (snow,
ice, hail, rainfall, etc)
• Plan your movement in a way
not to coincide with the peak of
the weather phenomena. Travel
during the day and prefer highways
avoiding deserted and difficult to
access roads. Furthermore, inform
all your relatives of the itinerary you
intend to follow.
• DO NOT ignore the instructions
of the General Secretariat for Civil
Protection, the weather forecasting
and the instructions of the
competent agencies, such as the
Traffic Police, the Port Police, the
Fire Brigade, etc.
• Check the situation of your car
before attempting any movement.
• Provide your car with all necessary
equipment in order to face any
heavy weather phenomena (wheel
chains, anti-freeze, first aid kit,
raincoats, umbrellas, rubbers, a
torch, etc).
• If you have to move on foot, put
on suitable clothes and shoes. Be
extremely careful in order to avoid
being injured due to the slipperiness
of the roads and pavements or due
to objects falling by the wind or hail.
• Use public transport.
• Remain calm and be patient. Panic
does not serve you. On the contrary,
it makes the situation worse.
TE T E B D
WE
T E
• Be informed by the media (radio,
television, etc) for eventual formal
warnings or advice.
• Check the house and the rest of
your properties to draw up a list of
eventual damages.
• Notify the competent authorities in
case you need help after having
drawn up a list with damages.
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S ro
Wi
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T NT T E
BE
E ND
D
NG G E
E W NDS
• Secure all objects that may be
swept along by the wind causing
damages or injuries.
• Check all boards suspended.
• Secure doors and windows.
• Avoid activities in seashore.
• Avoid passing near big trees, under
suspended boards and generally
near areas where objects may fall
on the ground (i.e., under balconies
where different objects, such as
flower pots, broken glasses etc may
fall).
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S or
Danger from storms comes from
very strong local winds, heavy local
rainfalls, thunders and possible hail.
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T NT T
D
NG T E
ST M
E
(to minimize the surface of your
body and therefore the contact with
ground) and drop away any metallic
Secure all objects that may be
object.
drifted by the wind or the heavy rain
• Do not lie down on the ground.
and cause damage or injuries.
Check all suspended boards.
Secure doors and windows.
n a vehicle
Do not hold electric equipment
or the telephone as thunder may
• Stop the car by the roadside away
pass through the wires. Electronic
from trees that may fall on the car.
equipment (TV, stereo, etc) are
• Stay in the car and turn on the
extremely dangerous in these cases
emergency lights until the storm
and should be unplugged.
stops.
Avoid water pipes (kitchen,
• Close the windows and do not
bathroom) as metallic pipes are
touch metallic objects in the car.
good conductors.
• Avoid flooded roads.
f inside a building
•
•
•
•
•
f outside
• Try to find refuge in a building or in
a car.
• If this not possible, sit on the
ground. If you are in the woods,
protect yourself under the branches
of low trees – never stand under a
tall tree in an open space. If you are
in low land, be careful as a flood
may occur.
• Avoid tall constructions, tall trees,
fences, telephone cables and
electric lines.
• Avoid being close to metallic
objects, such as cars, bicycles,
camping equipment, etc.
• Stay away from rivers, lakes or other
water sources.
• If you are in the sea, get out quickly.
• If you are isolated on a plane
area and feel your hair turned
up (a fact that may indicate a
possible thunder), assume duck
position, burry face between legs
Evaluation of the distance
that separates you from the
storm
• Calculate the time between the
lightning and the thunder in seconds.
• Divide the time calculated by 3 in
order to calculate the distance of the
storm in kilometers.
• Take all necessary measures, before
the storm reaches you. This distance
is indicative as the storm may appear
very quickly above the area where
you are.
T NT T
D
NG
• Protect yourself immediately! Do not
leave the safe place unless you are
certain that the storm has stopped.
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S o fall &
E r
ol
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c io
o ak
for h
o fall or
h
o
or
f you live in an area facing
problems by snowfalls
• Get heating materials (referring
especially to mountain settlements)
and provisions for several days.
• If you live in a rough area, get the
necessary equipment to shovel the
snow.
GENE
NST
T NS
• Keep your house warm and stay
indoors, if this is possible.
• Do not let children go out
unattended during bad weather
conditions.
• Put on suitable clothes and shoes.
• Check the watering network of your
house as well as the solar heater
(pipes and window glass).
c io
o ak
uri
h
S o fall or
h S o
or
f outside
• Go to a safe place.
• Do not expose yourself to the
snowstorm. If you have to go
outside, put suitable clothes. Prefer
many light and warm clothes
instead of a heavy one. Prefer
waterproof overcoat. Put on warm
and waterproof boots.
• In areas where snowfalls are
expected to occur, be extremely
careful when moving.
• If it is necessary for you to drive,
use wheel chains. Prefer to travel
during the day. Use highways
and inform your relatives of your
itinerary. If you move in the city, use
public transport.
n a vehicle
• Change your itinerary if there is a
strong snowfall and you are in a
rough road.
• Avoid driving in rough mountain
areas.
• Keep safety distance from the
vehicles in front of you. Stay in the
car if it has stopped. Put a colored
cloth on the radio antenna so that
the rescue teams can locate you.
Start the engine for 10 minutes per
hour and remove snow from the
exhaust.
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ro
Special attention is required in the
areas where frost has been created
when you drive a car. e informed
in advance, for the road network
situation and make sure that you
carry anti-slipping tire chains.
f you are on foot wear suitable
shoes and be careful so as to
avoid wounding because of
slippery roads, pavements e.t.c.
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etworks of water-supplies
• Preventive measures for the
protection of pipes of your building
from potential frost:
• Observe carefully where the central
and the circumferential gate-valves
of insulation (switches of your
building) are situated. Learn where
exactly your water-meter is on the
pavement. Control and make sure
that all the switches of the hydrocircuit switch on and off and work
properly.
• Make sure the external pipes (pipes
of solar geyser, surface system of
pipes of automatic watering the taps
of balconies) are insulated. In the
opposite case, you must take care
that they are insulated the soonest
possible.
• If you are going to be absent for
along time during winter insulate
or better drain the network of
the solar–water heating system.
In addition regulate the heating
system of your building, in order to
be operated automatically in low
temperatures.
• In case you have a solar–water
heating system take care during the
frost (especially at night) to switch
off the water supply towards the
boiler and empty out the water from
the system. If this is not possible,
leave the hot water tap open to drip.
• Don’t waste water to remove the
snow or the frost.
• Try to limit the daily activities
that demand increased water
consumption (such as washing
machines etc).
• Learn whether the manufacturing
company or a technician has put
an anti-freezing liquid in your solar
boiler (in the case of closed circuit).
If not, get the proper anti-freezing
and put it.
• Make sure that there is no tap or
toilet leakage otherwise repair them
immediately.
• Be sure that the drains in the
balconies and terraces are clean
from leaves and rubbish and
operate normally.
f in spite of all that, the
central pipes freeze, follow
the following instructions
• Switch off immediately the central
valve of water-supply of your
building and check your hydrometer. If it continues to “run”, this
means that there is leakage (broken
pipe) in your network. Switch off
immediately the central water supply
valve and call a plumber. Ask for
a receipt or a certificate for the
leakage repair.
• If you decide to defrost the pipes,
start from the part of pipe near
the switch so that the temperature
change is gradual. If there are no
results call a plumber.
• Check if the electrical installations
are wet or in danger and insulate
them.
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a
Wav
Τhe following instructions of
precaution are recommended by
the eneral Secretariat of ivil
rotection, in co-operation with
the inistry of Health and Social
Solidarity, and the Hellenic enter
for Emergency are.
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ivil rot ction
GENE
NST
T NS
P TE T N
• Α
void sunbathing. Remain in
shadowy and cool places avoiding
crowded places.
• Avoid the heavy physical work,
particularly in places with high
temperature, and great humidity.
Avoid walking for a long period of
time or running under the sun.
• Prefer the light, comfortable and
light colored clothing from porous
material in order to facilitate
the airing of the body and the
vaporization of sweat. Wear a hat
or another head gear from natural
material that permits the good airing
of head.
• Prefer the small and light meals,
with emphasis on fruit and
vegetables and cut down the fatty
foods.
• Drink a great amount of liquids
(water and fruit-squashes).
If sweating is intense, it is
recommended additional receiving
of salt.
• Avoid alcoholic drinks.
• Have many lukewarm showers
during the day. It will be good also
to put wet covers on head and
neck, as protective measures. Wear
black or dark colored glasses which
protect the eyes from the intense
reflection of sun.
• Consult your doctor for the
application of special instructions
for those who suffer from chronic
diseases (respiratory, heart-vascular
etc).
• For those who take medicines have
their doctor asked if they must
continue them in their usual dosage
as some of them increase the
temperature of the body.
• Avoid long-lasting travels with the
various means of transport, during
the high heat.
Special instructions of
protection for babies
• Newly-born babies must be dressed
in the most light clothing. It is
preferable that their hands and feet
are free and not covered by nappies.
• When it heat is on, they must often
be offered, apart from milk (maternity
or any other) other liquids such as
camomile, water, etc.
• Babies and the elder children are
advisable to eat more vegetables and
fruit and less fatty food.
• It is advisable for children not to stay
for a long time under the sun and
always wear hat.
Special instructions of
protection for the elderly
• A very hot and damp environment
in the great heat is dangerous for
the elderly. In this case if cooling the
apartment is difficult, it is preferable
to move the elderly in cooler areas.
• If moving the elderly in a seaside
district or in mountain is not easy,
then staying in lower apartments
of multi-storey houses is an easy
solution.
• Generally during the day the room
or the house must be hermetically
closed, after being cooled and
remained open for the whole night.
• Families with elderly persons
shouldn’t leave them alone for
summer vacations or many days
of absence from the house. In the
opposite case, they must secure
that a person is taking care of them.
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olca ic
Eru io
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ivil rot ction
BE
E
N E PT N
ou should be prepared for
the phenomena that follow the
volcanic eruptions such as:
Mudslides
Landslides
Earthquakes
Volcanic ash and acid rain
Tsunamis
• If you stay at a district near a
volcano draw up a family plan
of evacuation and choose an
appropriate way of escape.
• In case the family members happen
to be away from each other (parents
at work and children at school) draw
up a meeting plan in a secure place
away from the destruction area.
•
D
NG
T E E PT N
ollow exactly the evacuation
instructions given by the
authorities
f you are inside a building
• Close all the doors and windows.
• Remove all the pets in a sheltered
place.
• Remove all the machineries in a
sheltered place.
f you are outside a building
• Avoid moving towards the direction
of the wind.
• Try to be covered in a sheltered
place. If not possible, cover
your head to protect yourself
from possible solidified volcanic
materials.
Move in districts with relatively high
altimeter to avoid lava flows or
possible mudslides.
• Wear long clothes, protective
security glasses and a disposable
mask to protect yourself from the
volcanic ash.
• Don’t start the engine of your car.
TE
T EE
PT N
• Remain in a sheltered place,
particularly if you suffer from chronic
breathing problems.
• Continue to wear protective security
glasses and a throwaway mask.
• Continue to wear long clothes.
• Clear the house roofs from the
volcanic ash as it can be very heavy
and cause collapses.
• Avoid driving while volcano ash is
falling.
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T ch olo ical
azar
GENE
• If you reside or are often found in
an area with technological dangers
(you can be informed on their types
from the Services of the Prefectural
Self-Administration) you should
know that in cases of technological
dangers you have two choices:
shelter in a closed space or
evacuation. For the potential choice
of the two theoretical possibilities,
you will be informed by the
competent authorities.
• For your greatest protection:
• Follow the instructions given by the
authorities.
• Study and become familiar with the
below General Instructions in order
to put them into practice properly,
in case no Specific Instructions are
given.
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P E ENT E
T NS
o put into practice the specific
instructions that will be given
during an accident or the eneral
nstructions proposed below, you
should:
B for
h acci
•
ake provisions of or have
available in the same area or
easy to bring together quickly the
following:
- Sufficient quantity of adhesive
insulating tape.
- Scissors.
- Plates of plastic (cut in appropriate
size) and plastic rubbish bags.
- Towels and cloths.
- Battery radio (with the batteries
not inside the radio but beside the
radio, otherwise they should often
be checked).
- Battery torch (with the batteries
not inside the torch but beside the
torch, otherwise they should often
be checked).
- New batteries.
- Bottled water (small quantity).
- Packed up food (small quantity).
- Soap.
- First aid kit.
- Necessary medicine for the family
members.
• Decide on the most suitable room
that offers the greatest possible
protection. Factors to be taken into
account: room in the center of the
house, with the minimum number
of airtight doors and windows,
communicating with the bathroom or
the WC, windows not to be found in
the side of the danger, without any
openings to prevent the circulation of
air from the environment (fireplaces,
air-conditioning systems, etc). If the
house has more than one floors, it is
advisable that you choose a room in
the last floor.
• Drive with great care when driving
near industrial plants or near vehicles
transporting dangerous material.
• After reading all the instructions
discuss them with the family
members.
Duri
h acci
Stay in a closed area or recourse
to a closed area. our aim is to
avoid entrance of dangerous
chemicals in your house and
protecting yourself against
possible explosions (primary
and secondary fragmnets) and
exposure to thermal radiation.
f inside (instructions by
order of priority)
• Keep your temper.
• Keep the radio and/or the tv on,
watch the announcements and
follow the instructions.
• Close all the windows and the
external doors of the house (do not
lock them).
• Do not use the elevator.
• Close the outside or inner doors of
the building (do not lock them).
• Turn off all the air conditioning
systems either they belong to the
central system or not.
• Turn off the ventilators.
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T ch olo ical
azar
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ivil rot ction
• Cover the cracks (four sides) in
doors and windows using adhesive
insulating tape. Damp towels or
blankets can be used however it
is more advisable to use adhesive
insulating tape or a combination of
towels and tape. Cover the lock with
the tape as well as door handle.
• Secure using plastic plates (cut in
advance in proper dimension) and
adhesive insulating plate the entry of
fireplace, all entries of chimney-pots
and ventilation systems, the doors
and the windows.
• Turn off all heating systems.
• Do not use bottles of liquid gas.
• Close the inner doors of your house.
• Go to the pre-decided room.
• Stay away from the windows.
• Do not use improperly the phone
(stable or mobile).
• If, despite all actions taken,
dangerous gas gets in the building,
roll up a towel or a cloth and cover
your mouth and nose and draw
small breaths.
• Take into account the time at your
disposal.
f in another building
f in a vehicle
• Keep your temper.
• Close and keep closed the
windows, turn off the air
conditioning and the ventilators.
• Look for a building where you
can take refuge and stop your car
carefully. If this is not possible, stay
in the car.
• Have the radio on, listen to the
announcements and follow the
instructions given by the authorities.
Evacuation
• Keep your temper.
• If asked by the authorities evacuate
the region, follow the advised ways
of escape.
• Have the radio on, listen to the
announcements and follow the
instructions given by the authorities.
• If you have enough time, close the
doors, the windows and turn off the
air conditioning systems of your
house to slow down pollution.
f outside or near the place
of accident
• Keep your temper
• Keep your temper, try to protect
• Try to contribute to the
yourself and then offer your help
implementation of the building plan.
only if you know how you must act.
• Move away from the place of the
accident as soon as possible.
• Do not walk or touch unnecessarily
places having leakage of chemicals.
• Do not smoke.
• Try to cover your body as much
as possible and “filter” the air you
breathe from dangerous gas, dust
or droplets. Roll up a towel or a
cloth and cover your mouth and
nose and draw small breaths.
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T ch olo ical
azar
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ivil rot ction
f you are
• Downwind the place of the accident
(place B, below) move away
vertically to the direction of the wind
• Upwind the place of accident (place
A, below) move away against the
direction of the wind and the water
flow.
Α
Β
In general, it is advisable to move
to higher areas of the region since
many toxic and noxious chemicals are
heavier than the air.
Although the safety distance from the
place of the accident depends on
many factors (quantity and type of
the chemical, day or night, weather
conditions, etc) the advised distance
- 800meters (leakage)
- 1.600meters (fire, explosion)
may be considered safe for the
initial development of the accident.
In special cases (great quantity,
extremely dangerous chemical,
bad weather conditions) the safety
distance may be much greater.
If present in or notice an accident
and realize the absence of authorities
move to a security distance and then
call:
European Emergency all
umber: 112
ire rigade: 199
Hellenic olice: 100
ational enter of Emergency
are: 166
• Be prepared to give as many
accurate details as possible (place,
your distance from the place of
accident, your name, a phone
number, etc) and describe the
event. You should notice:
- if there are victims, estimate the
number of persons in the area
(number of dead, injured) the
symptoms they present (headache
dizziness, irritation of the eyes,
etc).
- the color of the smoke or liquid.
- any strange odors or sounds.
- the cloud characteristics (direction,
going down or up) or the liquid
characteristics.
- if there is any information/ labels
on the packing (barrels, containers
and palettes) or on the tankwagon (company name etc).
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T ch olo ical
azar
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ivil rot ction
n particular, notice the
existence of
• orange plates informing on the
chemical transported and try to
remember the two numbers (one
two-figure/ three figure and one four
figure) the so–called UN numbers
• colored danger plates in rhombus
(red, yellow, blue, etc) some figure
(explosion of bomb, black or white
flame, skull and crossbones, etc) and
number in the lower angle (1.1,3,4 etc)
Nevertheless if you take further steps
you can reduce the possibility of
pollution to the detriment of your
health.
• If a dangerous substance comes in
contact with your eyes it is important
that you act immediately. Any
delay may increase the possibility
of serious harm. Unless informed
otherwise, you should:
- Rinse out your hands quickly.
- Remove the contact lenses.
- Rinse out each eye without much
pressure using warm water moving
• buildings near the place of the
from the nose to the exterior part
accident (installations, buildings,
of the eye for at least 15 minutes.
schools, lakes, manholes, etc)
Continue until you have no trouble
at all.
• Do not hang up unless the
• Ask for medical treatment.
operator tells you to do so. Further • If you have sound suspicions
information might be needed.
that you have been exposed to a
dangerous substance:
f exposed in a chemical:
- Take off the cloths if they are
polluted.
• Call for medical assistance:
he oison ontrol enter: +30
- Take them off in a way not to
210 7793777,
come in touch with your face. If
he ational enter of
this is not possible tear them or
Emergency are: 166.
snip off with scissors.
- Put the cloths in plastic bags or in
It is not possible to give general
a bin.
instructions for every case of exposure
- If possible wash yourself using
to a dangerous chemical (poisoning,
water.
chemical burn).
- Wait for medical assistance.
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B
EM
D
&N
42 -
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G
E
DENTS
n ral S cr tariat for
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ivil rot ction
P
TE T E
T NS
The protective actions during a
CBRN accident depend on its special
characteristics (kind, quantity and
clarity of the CBRN factor, dispersion,
place of the accident, meteorological
conditions etc).
f you find yourself in a
place where a
factor is
released
• Stay calm. Do not panic.
• If the accident takes place outdoors,
move away, if you can, by walk
Nevertheless actions in general follow
without touching anything.
the principles below:
• Do not get off too far and do not
• Remove the dangerous CBRN factor
make use of public or private
away from the body.
transports (buses, metro, taxi, cars,
• Move away from the dangerous
bicycles etc). Such a behavior could
place of the accident and stay in a
result in a broader dispersion of the
safe place
dangerous factor and therefore in the
• Follow the instructions given by
public/private transports pollution as
the competent authorities and
well as their passengers pollution.
collaborate with their staff.
This could make it difficult for you to
get help.
Listed below you will find the General • If the accident takes place indoors
Instructions which should be followed
make sure that all ventilation and
until Specific Instructions are given
heating systems, especially the
by the authorities. You can also take
central ones are turned off. Get
a look at the Technological Hazards
out of the building and wait for the
Protective Instructions. For the special
competent authorities.
case of an anthrax incident visit the
• Seek shelter in the nearest
corresponding page.
undamaged building. In case of an
outdoor explosion stay or find shelter
indoors as this reduces the CBRN
exposure.
• Once in a safe place, take off your
clothes as soon as possible, put
them in a plastic bag and seal it.
Take the clothes off in a way that
you don’t expose more to the CBRN
factors the sensitive parts of your
body (especially the eyes, nose
and mouth). If possible shower with
plenty of water by yourself or, even
better, in couples in order to clean
the difficult parts of the body (behind
the ears, armpits etc).
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EM
D
&N
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ivil rot ction
• If this is not possible take off
as many clothes as possible (if
weather permits) and wait for the
authorities who will take care of your
decontamination. Be prepared that:
1) you or someone else will take
off your clothes by tearing apart
or trimming them. You will have
to stand naked in front of strange
people or people that you are familiar
with. This procedure is necessary
for your best health protection.
2) If you wear or carry jewellery with
you be prepared to give them to the
decontamination staff.
• If you have children or babies they
will be allowed to be with you during
the contamination procedure.
• Cooperate with the competent
authorities as this will result in your
best health. The most important
advice is to follow the instructions
given and not disagree.
• Do not be surprised to see that
the decontamination staff wears
protective forms. Their aim is to
provide you with better protection
and it will be done by insuring that
they remain healthy and are able to
offer it to you.
• Do not forget to report to the
authorities anything that you have
observed.
f you expose yourself in a
factor without having
knowledge of it:
• It is possible that you have
symptoms as if you had a flu
or caught a cold such as fever,
cough, stomach or muscle pains
etc (biological factor) or as if you
exposed yourself to a toxic chemical
substance (e.g. mustard gases).
• Follow carefully the competent
authorities briefing –if there was
any- and see if you meet the
requirements mentioned in the
bulletins. Otherwise inform the
competent authorities.
• Call your personal doctor or the
medical services and do not show
up in any medical help centre
(e.g. practice or hospital) without
informing first.
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ivil rot ction
BE N
MED N
T ME, P TE T
SE
E E T E
D N TT
W W
T S G DE - T E W SE
E
E!
Read more:
www.civilprotection.gr
seful Numbers
European Emergency
Call Number
112
Prefectural or Municipality
Civil Protection Office
………….…………….…………….…
Emergency Medical Services
Fire Brigade
199
………….…………….…………….…
Hospital
Hellenic Police
100
………….…………….…………….…
Family Doctor
National Center
for Emergency Care (EKAB)
166
………….…………….…………….…
Water company
Public Power Corporation (DEH)
10500
………….…………….…………….…
Gas company
Poison Control Center
+30 210 7793 777
………….…………….…………….…
Plumber
Hellenic Center for Infectious
Diseases Control (KEEL)
+30 210 8899 000
………….…………….…………….…
Electrician
General Secretariat
for Civil Protection (GSCP)
+30 210 3359 002-3
………….…………….…………….…
Contact Person
in case of emergency
………….…………….…………….…
E E
SE E
www.civilprotection.gr
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n ral S cr tariat for
ivil
rot ction
2, Evangelistrias st., GR-105 63 Athens, Tel. +30 210 3359002-3
www.civilprotection.gr, e-mail: [email protected]
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ivil rot ction
Emergency
Telephone Numbers
European Emergency
Call Number
112
Fire Brigade
199
Hellenic Police
100
National Center
for Emergency Care (EKAB)
166
Public Power
Corporation (DEH)
10500
Poison Control Center
+30 210 7793 777
Hellenic Center for Infectious
Diseases Control (KEEL)
+30 210 8899 000
General Secretariat
for Civil Protection (GSCP)
+30 210 3359 002-3
G
ral S cr
aria
for
ivil Pro
c io
www.civilprotection.gr
http://www.pkm.gov.gr