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2. babies and toddlers

Your Baby’s Eighth Month
Editor: Elisabeth Stagg
Design and layout: Jan Pulley and Susan Abed
Creeping and Crawling: How to Keep Your Baby Safe and Sound
Your baby's growing ability to
move where he wants makes life more
complicated for everyone. Whether he
scoots on his bottom, creeps on his
belly, crawls on hands and knees, or
uses some combination of these
motions, it's likely that during the
coming months he'll end up in
Milestones
Between 8 and 9 months, you:
 can move from a sitting to a
lying position all by yourself.
 can lean forward and then sit
up again, without falling over.
 may be beginning to say




"dada" and "mama" and to
associate these sounds with us.
can bear some weight on your
legs when I hold you upright.
You may be able to stand
holding onto someone or
something.
look for a dropped object and
work to get a toy out of reach.
may be able to pick up a tiny
object with any part of your
thumb and finger.
understand the word "no," but
can't be expected to obey it.
Excerpted from What to Expect
the First Year(Workman, 1989)
and You and Your Child(Ross
Laboratories, 1987)
places you'd rather he couldn't reach.
Although his newfound mobility
can be exasperating for you, it's an
important part of his development. Be
sure he gets plenty of floor time. Too
much time spent in a crib, playpen,
infant seat or swing won't give him the
time he needs to move around.
However, if he's getting the
opportunity but isn't trying to
creep or crawl by this
age,
don't worry.
Crawling is not
considered a
developmental
stage. He may be
putting his energy
into developing
other skills, such
as vocalizing or
playing.
A moving
baby needs
constant attention. As he begins his
long development toward
independence, your baby relies on you
to keep him safe. That means
childproofing your home.
Childproofing
One of the best ways to childproof
is to get down on your hands and knees
to get a baby's eye view. Try this after
you've taken the safety steps below.
What's down there that you haven't
noticed? Be sure you find that stray
pin, crayon, button, bit of paper or
penny before he does.
Falls: Most common when a baby
tries to climb out of his crib. Lower
crib mattress to lowest level. Once
your baby is 35 inches tall, or when the
side rail is less than three-quarters of
his height, it's safest to move him to a
mattress on the floor. Use a sturdy gate
at both the top and bottom of any
stairs. Remove any rickety furniture.
Move the crib and
other furniture away
from windows, and be
sure they can't be
opened wide enough
for baby to fall
through.
Drowning: Block
access to the bathroom
with a gate or keep the
door closed. Keep the
toilet lid down. Never
leave your baby alone
for even a second in the bathtub, in the
bathroom, near a bucket of water, or
near any other source of water such as
a wading pool, fish pool, puddle or
fountain. Babies can drown in only one
inch of water.
Choking: Keep cords from window
blinds and drapes safely out of reach.
Don't give your baby a balloon,
whether inflated or not. Make sure toys
do not have pull cords or ribbons
longer than 6-inches. Keep
continued on page 3
Welcome Words is a free publication from Welcome Baby, a program of the Durham County Cooperative Extension.
For information on Welcome Baby or to be added to the mailing list, call us at 560-7150 or visit www.WelcomeBaby.org.
Welcome Words
Page 2
First Finger Foods
When choosing finger foods for
your baby, always keep safety in mind.
Eating is best limited to his high chair,
where he's safely strapped in place and
can be closely watched. Eating when
he's crawling or cruising around, or
when he's laughing, crying or very
excited, can lead to choking.
First finger foods should be those
your baby can gum until they're safe
to swallow or those that will dissolve
in the mouth without chewing. Food
needs to be cut into small pieces.
Because babies tend to put several
pieces of food in their mouths at once,
don't offer more than a few pieces. As
he eats what you've given him, you
can give him more. For families with
strong histories of food allergies, talk
with your baby’s health care provider
for guidance in introducing new solids
to your baby. For babies without a
concern of food allergies, here are
some good choices.
 small pieces of mashed vegetables
cooked until soft such as carrots,
squash, potatoes, peas and string
beans.
 small pieces of soft, ripe fruits
such as bananas, peaches, pears,
apricots, melon and grated apple.
Peel the skin and remove all seeds.
 soft cheese, cut into small cubes or
shredded, and cottage cheese.
 unsalted crackers, graham
crackers, soft cookies (such as
arrowroot), whole wheat bagel,
bread, toast, French toast or
pancakes.
 unsweetened cereal such as
Cheerios.
 soft-cooked noodles or
macaroni cut into small
pieces.
Never give a baby spoonfuls of
peanut butter, nuts, hard candy or
cough drops, popcorn, uncooked
raisins, raw hard vegetables,
grapes or hot dogs and chunks of
meat or poultry. Children don't
learn how to grind foods like nuts
until they're 4.
In general try to avoid foods
that have salt or sugar added.
Your baby's sensitive taste buds
don't need this stimulation.
Try to accept that mealtimes
with a baby are messy. Put a
plastic cover on the floor under
the high chair or seat and, if it's
not too chilly, let him eat without
a shirt to simplify clean-up.
continued on page 4
Setting Limits for Babies
With a crawling baby in the
house, it's easy to find yourself
saying "No!" almost constantly.
While your baby is beginning to
understand what "No" means, he's
too young to remember for more than
a few minutes that your treasured
crystal vase is a "no-no."
The better childproofed your
home, the fewer times you'll have to
say, "No!" and the safer your
possessions. This doesn't mean that
it's pointless to set limits for your
baby. It's not too early to begin
teaching him words like "ouch" or
"hot." But that doesn't mean you can
rely on him not to reach for your cup
of steaming coffee—even though he
may point to it and say "hot." That
level of understanding is several
months away.
For each "No," it's a good idea to
offer a substitute that is okay. If he
starts to throw toys, offer him a ball
instead. "You can throw this ball,
not blocks."
For the next few years,
diversion will prove to be one of
your best strategies for good
behavior. Babies quickly pick up
on their ability to create a strong
response from parents, whether it's
anger, laughter or frustration. Try
to keep your cool when setting
limits, even though you may feel
more like yelling or bursting into
laughter. If you rotate playthings,
this is the time to pull out a "new"
toy to distract your baby.
No one's perfect, of course, and
if you do lose your temper, be sure
to apologize by saying something
soothing such as, 'I'm sorry I
yelled. I was angry." Then follow
your apology with a reassuring hug.
It helps to remember that your
baby isn't being bad. It's his job to
explore his surroundings. Using
distraction is a good way to teach
what's allowed and what isn't.
Babies, of course, have more
than their share of accidents. If
yours spills a glass of milk as he
reaches for his cracker, let him
know that accidents happen:
"Oops! The milk spilled."
Whatever he does, be sure he
knows it's his behavior that's at
fault: "Biting hurts," not, "You're a
bad boy." Telling a child that he's
bad can lead to more negative
behavior.
You're not spoiling your child if
he sometimes gets what he wants.
Offering him choices—"Do you
want a cracker or a bagel?"—gives
him a chance to develop a sense of
independence.
Your Baby’s Eighth Month
Page 3
Coming to Terms With
‘Mrs. Dad’
Play Time
What does an 8-month-old
enjoy?
Noise, repetition and discovery.
Many things that we adults take for
granted are new and exciting for
him. Here are some suggestions for
activities he'll enjoy.
Take turns "looking" for him behind
a towel or pillow, and letting him
"find" you. Try hiding behind a door
or corner with one arm or leg
showing. Let your baby" find" you.
 Read sturdy picture
 Create a
bin or
low
cabinet
in the
kitchen
that can
be all
his. It
might
contain
wooden
spoons,
plastic cups, spice cans that
rattle, and pots and pans to
bang.
 Play peek-a-boo with him or
ask older siblings to play.
books, repeating the
names of animals
and objects for him.
 Let him examine
many different
things—from blades
of grass to soap
bubbles.
 Hide a toy part way
under a box or towel
and let him find and
remove it.
 Take your baby's hands in yours,
touch one to each of your eyes,
then both to your nose, then to
your mouth,
continued on page 4
Creeping and Crawling…continued from page 1
any item smaller than your baby's fist safely out of reach—small toys,
marbles, coins, and button-sized batteries are especially dangerous.
Follow the guidelines on safe finger foods in this issue of Welcome
Words. Secure or remove loose knobs on furniture or doorstops.
Burns: Block access to the stove or any other source of heat such as
radiators, heaters, fireplaces, irons, curling irons, ashtrays, lighters and
candles. Use covers on electrical outlets, tape down electrical cords and
block access with heavy furniture. Don't smoke, eat, drink or carry
anything hot while holding your baby. Keep hot dishes and containers
away from the edge of tables and counters and don't use tablecloths that
he could pull.
Poisons: Keep all cleaning supplies, cosmetics, paints, medicines
(including over the counter), vitamins, and other chemicals out of reach
and in locked cabinets. Keep the trash can out of reach. Remove
houseplants or be sure that even fallen leaves are out of baby's reach.
Remember that no matter how carefully you childproof your home,
there's no substitute for a watchful adult. Every parent needs a break from
this exhausting responsibility. It's fine to put your baby safely in his
playpen for a brief break when he's had enough exploration, or strap him
securely in his stroller and go for a long walk. You'll both enjoy a change
of scene.
I grew up playing with dolls and
dreaming of being a mommy with a
station wagon full of little girls. At
5:30 p.m., I'd have dinner on the table
for my adoring husband when he
returned from his long day at work.
Instead, I go to work and my
husband—a casualty of corporate
downsizing when our son was 5a
weeks old—stays at home. Dinner is
on the stove when I arrive. Grant could
not be a happier baby, and my husband
smiles much more than when he left
home for work every day. Surrounded
by such glee, why am I not thrilled?
Could it be that I feel left out, or it is
that I'm not living up to all my
"mommy expectations"?
Maybe it's that George doesn't have
to use an alarm clock anymore, or
worry if what he needs to wear to work
is ironed. Or maybe it's times like the
one when I wanted to take Grant's
picture and he wouldn't cooperate. In
walked Dad and Grant just beamed.
And why not? George is the daily
caregiver, changing diapers and
preparing formula.
Does that make me "Mrs. Dad"?
Somehow I don't find that title
amusing. When asked at work how
daycare is going, I sometimes hesitate
to say that my husband is managing the
house and caring for our son. Is it those
childhood stereotypes I thought I'd
outgrown? I thought I was more
sophisticated than that.
I know that this is a real opportunity
for all of us. George and Grant are
forging a wonderful bond and I will be
loved by two happy well-adjusted men
who know women and men are capable
of anything. Now, if I can just
remember all these insights at 5 a.m.,
when the alarm goes off, and I wonder
if my clothes are ironed.
-Trudy Lavin-Wensell
Adapted from the March 1997 issue
of Carolina Parent.
Welcome Words
The Newsletter of the Welcome Baby Program
Your Baby’s Eighth Month
Suggested Reading
How to Get Your Kids to Eat…But Not
Too Much
by Ellyn Satter
The First Three Years of Life
by Burton L. White
The Essential Partnership: How
Parents and Children Can Meet the
Emotional Challenges of Infancy and
Childhood
by Stanley Greenspan and Nancy
Thorndike Greenspan
Play Time…continued from
page 3
First Finger Foods…continued
from page 2
 naming each feature and
ending with a kiss. "Eyes,
nose, mouth, smooch." This
is a good way to teach these
parts of the body.
 Let him experiment with
crawling around or over
cushions of different sizes
and shapes (with your
supervision, of course).
 Rotate toys every week or
so (except for his most
treasured playthings). After
he hasn't seen them for a
couple of weeks, your
baby's old toys will seem
brand new.
Most babies aren’t able to pick
up objects between the thumb
and forefinger (pincer grip)
until between 9-12 months, but
now is a good time to begin
practicing. However, once the
pincer grip is mastered, your
baby will be able to pick up any
small item (coins, pins, etc.)
and potentially choke on it. Be
sure you've childproofed your
home and that you've learned
first aid for choking through an
American Red Cross infant
CPR/first aid course. Call 4896541or visit
www.durhamredcross.org.
Welcome Words is a free publication from Welcome Baby, a program of the Durham County Cooperative Extension.
This issue was funded by a grant from Smart Start through Durham’s Partnership for Children.
Printing compliments of Durham Regional Hospital and Duke Children’s Hospital.
101-495-2316-1103
Welcome Baby Program
Durham County Cooperative Extension
721 Foster Street
Durham NC 27701
(919) 560-7150
www.WelcomeBaby.org
More Questions?
Are you wondering if his motor
development is on schedule since he
isn’t crawling yet? Or if he is eating
the right solids for his nutritional
needs?
Welcome Baby can help.
Our free program provides
information and support to parents of
young children. Services include a
lending library of books and videos, a
support group, parenting workshops,
car seat safety program, free clothing
closet, and volunteers and staff
available to discuss parenting
concerns.
Call us at 560-7150.