1. hobbies and interests
2. cigars

,|||"n"ipHm,|[|,M.n|||"
|||lHH,|||nn"|,
IJip |jn.MT|p"n,i||F'nip..,"||,nn,|||,
'^
i.^
V9
-^/fElt^^i
^1
Mlfclli^lU
III
By
L.
R.
MAJOR
F^AGLAND,
Proprietor
RAGLAND'S
t
f
f
r
MANUFACTURER,
FERTILIZER
217
AND
BY
PRESENTED
AND
PUBLISHED
FARM,
SEED
VIRGINIA.
HYCO,
L
of
TOBACCO
2 19
MD.
BALTIMORE,
U.
WHARF,
BOWLY'S
S.
A.
^
-^
1
1
J
:ii1l"
h illh 1
illli
lIlH.nllh,
llhniillln.Hill
In, Ili""illli,..,iilh
Il Ili""illlf
Cable
Address,
"RED
BAG"
Baltimore.
FERTILIZERS.
OFFICE
w.
I
OF
owner
x^aC^K
Ol
POWELL/T.^u"ECK^MAl!K,Po
Prepared^
s.
Mg^
BALTINtORE, MD.
I For
JAIMUARY
1st,
luakina- Fertilizers
at Home.
1889.
TO
TOBACCO
Success
ill tobacco
selection
pro])er
several
and
of
growers
I
i)ractice,
land,
of
tobacco,
present
sure
guide
with
the
latest
and
which
has
never
been
in
from
the
hope
fail
to
latest
and
is suitable
fertilizer
Ammonia
at
the
This
all who
i)i")ftt
follow
this teaching.
analyzing
crops
of
It has
high
and
and
this is
the
an
Potash
in
embodying
that
thought
would
Potash
error;
distin-
snceessfull\
tobacco
been
generally
in Anuuonia
tobacco;
is unavailable
raising
as
confidently
and
instruction,
in
n
treatise
pleasui-e
it for
safest
POINT
it
successful
I take
recommending
and
the finest "iiiality.
Leaf,
and
in
find
may
most
Commercial
manua
request,
i-eturns.
by
Rag-
renownec
of his
my
j'ou
of
L.
most
and
fertilizers.
large
and
the
edition
crops
is grown;
,
IMPORTANT
An
where
Leaf
you,
good
approved
state
Cigar
Virginia,
handsome
pay
experience
it Avill
to I'aise
methods
Robert
Major
culture, a revised
especially for me
in the
hope that
you
it to
presenting
County,
help
evei'v
from
procured
yovi
endorsed
planters
gidshed
htive
funiishin"i
of
approved
most
curinu-
culture,
preparation,
propor
tin
to
-N-arieties suited
that, desirous
it to
to
and
crop,
prepared
now
soil
iip"^'ii th(
depends
the
tobacco
on
greatly
so
of
Halifax
Hyco,
autliority
adapted
the
management
and
cultm-e
and
types,
tobacico
on
PLANTERS.
very
is the
often
wrong
an.\duce
pro-
the
kind.
^71lat
in
has
twelve
Hoping
the
tobacco
becanse
sold
been
all
the
in
I
and
I
industry
for
claim
reader
fertilizei's
may
and
the
have
it.
raising
prices
My
appreciate
give
for
efforts
a
to
increase
trial.
Respectfully,
W.
Fertilizer
S.
POWELL,
Manufacturer,
Baltimore,
the
of
moderate.
fertilizers
my
Bone
complaints
are
my
ray
field
Top"
sections
twelve
had
not
know
the
"Tip
My
tobacco
I
and
produce
crops.
that
is
proportions
correct
plant,
tobacco
paying-
tobacco
on
use
in
my
large
years,
doing-
not
the
for
forms
just,
for
sold
ingredients
proper
make
and
Fertilizer
it
the
ai'e
results
fertilizers
my
available
claims
past
for
contain
tliey
and
claim
I
Md.
TOBACCO:
HOW
The
several
wuoking-,
the
for
Avhat
labor
and
the
highest
his
the
from
results
rich
deep
IV"r dark
the
to
Alluvials
has
Experience
soiJ, with
rich
aiul
smokers.
And
and
command
so
For,
space.
most
"brights"
seldom
bestowed
at
Log
the
sizes
high
feet
Large
high
for
fwrm
mostly
logs
from
live
the
the
may
the
rooms,
lower
is best
in
and
n-rappers
great
demand,
cithers, that
any
author
the
careful
them
to
the
while
and
to])-
yellow
devote
these
slaty
for
such
to
stock.
or
than
price
tohaccos.
sandy
most
had
has
of
production
management,
for
compensation
makes
all
not
expect
they
the
attention
from
and
used
four
tier.
covered
Then
ground.
feet
to
the
size
is
place
logs
twenty
tier
liigher
and
are
twenty
boards.
or
seven
feet, lay
jtoles
all
skill.
squai-e,
about
about
aim
better
cost
feet
or
prepares
had
shingles
is built
pen
if the
two
or
built
be
with
a])art, and
Kuise
and
twenty
should
imtil
Hues,
preparation,
sixteen
These
body,
be
less
building
by
with
succeed,
to
requiring
used.
provision
provided
barns
ranging
in
skill
ample
grade
barns,
subsoil,
cigar
is best
of
;
planter
need
other
some
sucicess
suitable
he
gray,
treatise,
more
the
arranging
suite"l
them.
ui)on
charcoal,
short
make
unless
But
in
moi'e
and
to
the
is best
stemmiiiy
best
are
production*
re(iuires
fail
a
grades
much
experience
greatest
accomplish
brown
or
the
subsoil,
porous
the
know
the
in
subsoil,
fillersand
sweet
that
proved
this
in
to
i?, there-
should
in-oducing'
red
a
produce
these
in
propose,
It
crop.
planter
red-clay
a
of
Hats
yellow
a
return
adeciuate
management
soil, with
production
and
uianaj^eiuent
tohaccos.
sandy
or
of
i)ii)e-
choice.
heavij shipping
adapted
we
and
soil, overlaying-
gravelly
A
such
the
the
chewiiis',
and
an
that
capable
modes
soils
on
importance
are
for
command
expended
lands
l)erfection, and
A
different
will
means
IT.
whether
tobacco,
that
product
grade
best
of
CURE
AND
cig'ars, require
a
of
foi-e,
CROW
grades
or
insure
to
TO
across
aro\nid,
feet
otf
to
and
Then,
liigher all around, laying
elevate
to
Then
is
place
body
two
more
ciu'ing.
of
the
The
in
is
have
is
it is wide
as
to the
plan
joist,
above
the
hold
about
6o0 to
plants
to the
be
chinked
and
To
stick.
700
prepare
daubed
close
side
in-
FLUE-CURING.
The
heat
ciu-ing
in the
flue
in
advantage
is fast
for
artificial
for
and
sun
and
seasoning
air, and
preserving
"superseding
smoke,"
as
following
cut
the
predicted
cured
with
there-
for
the
by
be
from
good
injury.
fire with
its objectionable
yeai's
"Furnace
the
to
types cm-ed
them
writer
with
applying
requiring
used
those
wood
open
represents
tant
impor-
cured
mode
may
The
way.
type of tobacco
aiiy
cin-ing
an
that
best
heat, and
out
tobacco
than
the
moreover
drying
by the
sweeter
and
process
of
application
is
the
and
curing"
brighter
c;harcoal.
use
process
to the
almost
is cleaner,
mainly
and
tiers
will
barn
AND
in successful
item
The
three
cally,
verti-
apart
entirelj'superseded charcoal
tobacco, as being cheaper and better every
more
l)y the use of fluesreadily controlled
yellow
Its
B.\'
cf)nforming
six
it must
necessary.
feet
high
as
not
are
of
when
three
five
convenience
conformable
contain
tobacco,
FLUES
the
cube"
a
the
for
about
tiers
lf)wer
pen
with
barn
a
the
out.
and
heat
the
tobacco
are
a
Such
.
cui'ing brights,
Flues
you,
constructed,
so
to
as
of medium
sticks
cured
barn
roof
length
have
barn
five tiers.
plates, and
the
then
arrangement
tiers below,
\iirying
the
tiers
of the
whole
the
of
foi-
the
body
and
deep"
will
Mark
in
placed
arrangement,
the
You
for storing
hoisting, and
a'nd
logs
continue
have
you
tirst.
three
on
before, and
as
until
barn
logs around
five tiej's high.
and
tiring tiers but
this
the
of
roofed.
to be
ready
rooms
the
tier poles
on
the
ovel-
size), place
(cabin
logs
smaller
using
poles directly
ol' tici'
aiiotliei'coul'8e
l)utoil
and
agf).
Pipe"
flue,
extensively used at this time than any other, and is not
patented. It is cheap and reliable,easily controlled, safe, and
more
be
may
Cut
relied
out
to
upon
two
or
three
by the brick
the
two
Let
the
outward
tion
furnaces
A
mouths
of
beyond
properly"
a-half
to six
about
fifteen
logs from
B
feet.
inches
A
and
the
B
with
furnaces,
wall"the
extend
The
the
end
of
(see diagram).
work
the
and
well.
work
the
outer
distant
of
the
as
resented
rep-
first construct
stone,
as
follows:
fifteen
fiwls to show
furnaces
from
barii
A, project
cut
wall
Then
brickor
A
the
inches
the.projec-
to B B, aboutfive
the
logs
furnaces
or
sills of
and
should
the
-be
barn.
Huikl
the
inches
eighteen
high
at B
four
from
should
or
B,
be
16
No.
high
at
let
the
and
five
to
arched
A
A, runningbottom
inches
with
18 sheet
or
i'lu'iiaccs (.'ighteou inches
oi" the
walls
of
from
brick
or
iron, from
A
the
A
to
to
flues
slope
B
The
B.
with
covered
A
to fourteen
back
and
apart
inches
iipAvard
f uiniaces
fire-proof stf)ne,
B.
"W
careful
Be
constructed
pipe
as
of the
walls
are
Insert
not
the
that
barn, lateral
pijies at
as
possible.
they greatly
B
the
into
stone,
or
B
The
protect
with
that
seen
cast-iron
on
ends
as
of the
eyes
the
are
point
at every
contact
vertical, and
or
sheet-iron
placed
furnaces
iii near
to come
by brick
toi)s thereof
but
see
protected
and
purpose
to
the
the
so
sides
or
diagram.
made
eyes
as
for
near
absolutely
pipe from
of the
exits
in the
furnaces,
not
are
the
the
sary,
neces-
biu'ning, and
bci
11 n-
fixed
into
the
For
readily adjusted.
inches
twelve
elevation
pipe
of
from
the
for
one
foot
C to D.
barn
16
barn
arovmd
all
16 feet
B
ends
is more
to
witha
C, and,
of the
or
ten-inch
use
BBtoDD,
from
the
pipe
pipe eleven
use
by
rise from
Cap
the
furnaces,
20 by ^0 feet
a
in diameter"
the
l)ipe. Extend
gradual elevation
feet
of
onds
with
pipes
two
with
an
elbow.
For
Avay
small
barns, the
between
C and
twehe
This
inch
flue operates
working
better
made.
return
a
for
small
them
pipes
than
brought
together
connection
V-shapcd
middle
of
the
i)ipe, through
C, by
Avell and
force
be
may
and
larg-e
into
a
is ^'ery
popular
using- only small
ones,
and
is the
with
the
the
barns,
midone-
barn.
planters
which
cheapest good
are
flue
Au.\' tinner
t'lirnish the
stf"res
to
a-haif
'J'he cost
a-half
Vents
two
dollars
and
small
barn
varies
from
the
of
is one
best, and
will
alone
saver
the
the
that
States
farm
no
foundation
in
than
these
the
fuel-
a
heat
in
heat
is
temperature
into
South
at
of
out
or
ton,
Bos-
SEED.
as
and
seed
good
prices,
and
to determine
seed
more
any
affect
good
tial,
essen-
other
crop.
wider
are
control
Soil,climate,
factor.
operate
and
United
grow
; for
in
and
seed
the
to
farming,
types, grades,
the
in
staple
a
and
the
all
ment,
manage-
charactei-
of
product.
must
variety
The
will the
nor
goods,
rich,
the
or
coarse
thin
the
cannot
tobacco
''shipping"
varieties
produce
silky varieties
the
to
adapted
be
dark
rich
soil, nor
rich
soil must
Bright yellow
failiu-e is certain.
dark
the
type which
the
to
suited
be
i-aise,and
to
intends
on
as
ditterence
the
tobaccf), than
other
to variety,
next
worth
this flue the
yood tobacco;
while
crop,
any
a
"Regulator"
and
curer"
first place, good
of
range
than
more
well
are
for
the
of all successful
other
any
eyes
i)iping- for
less.
little more,
grown
possible, as regards
this, the
of
is manufactured
than
is at the
in
cost
OF
crop
tobacco
For
east
Easlcy.
re(iuires,in the
if
ten-inch
plain flue. The
the
and
twelve-inch
of them
throwing
by
better
pays
and
some
SELECTION
is
and
dollars, or
of
control
"
N'a.,by Jordan
There
five
ten
verj^
"Kegulator"
The
barn.
from
than
at will
regulated
being
])ipe varies
compensate
cxiring-. By the use of
easily imder
more
costs
hardwan?
The
the
over
more
season's
in one
cost
the cost
in
to
and
more,
and
pair,
a
eight
fovnidrics
pound,
tiftj-cents.
flues cost
difference
the
of
per
dolltirs
about
Patented
and
i)i|K',
eyes.
two
about
cost
eyes
and
six
the
make
can
make
on
be
poor
type,
or
produced
soil:
gray
silky
fine
heavy,
planter
yellow
fat, tough
ex-
jtort tobaccos.
has
There
during
tobacco
in the
with
been
old
a
the
wonderful
None
but
old
an
iminiproved varieties
])roved, and
with
there
was
will
The
world
and
developed
the
mainly
varieties
but
one
of
moves,
advanced.
tobacco
type-the
varieties,
every
to plant
were
dark
his
of
tion
selec-
by
new
for
continue
they
because
industries
succeeded
when
fogy
favorites.
grandfather's
of
characteristics
superior (lualities and
tobacco.
introduction
the
and
Aarieties
improvement
past generation"
kinds
in
im])rovement
of
type
the
old,
father's
seeds
Our
they
are
oj-
im-
tors
ances-
planted,
shipping"
but
fashion
and
fit.st("
\arieties
to these
suited
who
those
are
cliango,
typos
new
tj'pes, and
the
make
wanted
are
who
planters
most
new
mand
tlie de-
naeet
tobacco
by
money
and
plant-
ina-.
Where
arieties
\
past
in
and
ancestors?
of selections
is this true
the
the
under
here
and, consequently,
She
varieties.
finest
and
hundred
for
miles
Tobacco"
Avhere
these
and
people
our
soil suited
to
is
she
to
used
has
compete
that
of
tion,
perfecbest
and
bacco
in plug- to-
sixteen
some
Cig-ar
type"
Piedmont
countr"',
the
with
opportunity
an
the
another
in the
mainlj-
striving
are
Here
grain.
growing
of
; and
home
highest
types
cially
espe-
development
is the
originated
cig-arettes
soils lie
of
the
to
b.\-
seeds, when
of
Virginia
all the
and
crossing-;
conditions
have
in the
g"reatly improved
develops
now
grows
pipes and
squai-e
it
in
improvement
improvement
cultivation.
wheats
old
horticultural,
judicious
the
here
the
are
favoring
most
plant, and
tobacco
and
regards
as
soil,climate, and
to
as
animals,
Seeds, like
the
soavs
now
veg-etables, fruits, farm
propagation
on
who
at
century.
carried
farmer
Look
by his
used
once
successful
is the
West
in
to be
ought
im-
pi-oved.
It
is
a
fact
recognized
that
where
flora
any
to
develops
the hest seed can
be grown.
greatest perfection, there is where
It would
tlie
West, who
planters in the South and
pay
g-row
yellow and dark export types, to get their seeds every
year
from
localities
from
seeds
get
Virginia, as market-gardeners
the several
varieties
Avhere
develop to greatest perfection,
than
their supplies at lower
less
rather
cost, but under
grow
favoring
conditions, as to adaptibility of soil, climate, "c.
to
"a
of
where
know
They
recurrence
normal
growth
Planters
have
no
of all tjpes
tobacco
cost
in
degeneration
fre(iuent
healthy
seeds
get the
to
seed
of seed
per
of
no
seeds
to
and
be
other
VARIETIES
of
aware
the
dency
ten-
maturity.
using
cheaply
so
from
ranges
acre
are
generally, and the importance
first principles," to promote
for
excuse
may
best, and
farm
crop
seeds
poor
procured.
ten
is
to
pedigree
The
cost
cents"
twenty
of
the
little.
so
SPECIFIC
FOR
when
TYPES
OF
TOBACCO.
We
may
al] premise
be
given
types.
localities
for
The
by stating that
the
greatly modify
in
the
approximate
an
of varieties
selection
variation
only
soil
and
selection.
suited
climate
For, what
guide
to
in
the
eral
sev-
different
is
best
in
is not
localities
some
what
determine
is well
in every
is best
to stick
i^ and
to
ring-lyof others
until
VAKIETIES
in otliers; and
best
When
case.
better
if
is found,
TOR
SUITED
last, must
this is ff)und, it
of this variety, and
plant mainly
a
trial, at
spa-
possible.
VARIOUS
THE
TYPES.
nothing' has been found
dark, rich "shii)ping-,"
Kiver
Blue
the following" James
or
Prior, Lacks
For
to
Prior.
Medley
and
For
tillers: Sweet
sweet
For
Oronoko
Linig- Leaf
stemming:
mahog-any
and
Flanagan.
Leaf
Broad
and
Gooch,
Hester,
Lacks.
and
'J'uckahoe, Big- Oronoko,
For
superior
Beat-AJl
Sweet
Tuckahoe,
Avrappers:
Fhin-
Oronoko,
Stem.
Long'-Leaf -Gooch, and White
Yellow
P^)r
cutters:
Oronoko,
Oronoko,
Hyco, White-stem
Gi-anville
Yellow, Sterling-,Lacks, Yellow
Prior, and Hester.
Primus,
agan.
For
yellow
what
variety
one
to the
unsiiited
failure
type,
Aarieties
cigar
leading
locality-,
any
plant varieties
thereto, is
Connecticut
are:
and
Leaf, Imported
Broad
Grant, Bradley
Seed
(general
To
all locations.
soil luiadapted
on
or
Prior.
variety is best for
for
Leaf
to invite
time.
every
The
is best
Gran\'ille
Hester, Long-
Tuckahoe,
Yellow
and
Avill determine
Trial
no
Oronoko
Tellow
Gooch,
as
Oronoko,
White-stem
Vellow,
tillers: Sterling-,Primus,
and
wrappei'S
American
Grown
Leaf
several
and
vania
Pennsyl-
and
Havana^
Spanish
Strains.
In"localities
earliest
Yellow,
Rose
Persian
for
to
in
Leaf
proved
a
and
i)lant the
Sterling-,Prim-
as
Sweet
Oronoko
Havana,
rich
on
lime-stone
great favor, but
on
silicious
types ; and
failiu-e in the
Ohio
Soutliern
types, such
types, and
grown
produced
all other
is safest to
and
ley
Brad-
Big- Havana
cigars.
Burley, when
successfully
it
frost
Hester,
H"co,
type of tobacco
mild
several
manufacturing-
for the
White
early
to
of the
varieties
tis, Granville
and
liable
Eastern
this
soil,makes
type
soils,such
as
for this reason,
old
leaf producing-
are
cannot
best
it has
a
be
ted
adap-
ably
invari-
States
East.
])roduce the best grade
Kentucky
of this type.
Oronoko"
Sweet
substantial
or
Hyco
desired
any
and
in
the
cheAving
other
Lacks
Eastern
and
smoking-
tpye, Avhen
cure
types for which
Burley"
goods,
properly
readily and
they
10
are
makes
groAvn
more
mild, sweet,
iniexcelJed
on
silicious
certainly
recommended.
by
of
ley
Bursoils.
colors
Hester
Long- Leaf
and
to soils than
Goocli
thei^ef
othei'S,and
any
g'reatei*atlai)til)iUty
possess
wliere
succeed
ore
others
fail.
Oronoko
Sterling-,Tellow
for
producing- the
Loaf
Yellow
Lemon
finest
Tiickahoe
Gooch,
and
Yellow
Hester
and
Prior
luiexcelled
are
while
goods,
make
the
LongOraiKjr
finest
Yellow.
Bradley
Big Havana
the
Rose,
fine manufacturing
makes
is the
earliest
and
Americanized
best
Cigar leaf,is
the
of
one
Cigars.
good
Havana
and
most
Persian
eign
for-
promising-
varieties.
PREPARATION
There
frame,
modes
two
are
in the
or
of
south
Hot
Bed."
sheltered
twelve
feet
or
Select
We
other
bed
of which
being-
while
here
will
the
cold
or
has
erence
pref-
more
tised
prac-
latter
is preferred
give both, that
ters
plan-
and
to the
with
to
the
trench,
stable
manure
How
to
shovel
out
exposure,
five
space
a
fresh
with
cover
depth
of six
bed
with
uurotted
eight inches
or
Sf)il" wf)ods-mould
the
cover
southeastern
or
by
length, to the depth of eighteen
depth of three or four inches in
required
straw
the
the
southern
a
north, dig- and
of this
from
deep.
in hot
former
; the
locality
line.
any
Place
bottom
cover
the
on
inches.
the
the
oi-
one
forty degrees latitude,
of that
BEDS.
raising plants-
air"
to
PLANT
choose.
may
The
for
open
according
north
OF
is best"
will
canvas
nure
ma-
; then
five inches
be presently
described.
Tobacco
of two
seed
sown
teaspoonfuis
mix
the
in drills three
the
covered
day, and
to
seed
inches
siu-face
bed
a
flea-bugs.
least
a
will
portion
repay
of the
prepared
feet.
ashes
fertilizer,
a
of the
thus
five by twelve
When
apart.
the
the
is danger
There
is the
advantage
and
sow
rate
ularly,
regsow
pretty Avell
during
canvas
there
for
To
plantshave
b"?d, remove
at the
plaster,and
or
it when
plants by this mode
bug-, which
the bed
on
with
only replace
off the
keep
is
of
of
the
frost, or to
lier
having ear-
perfect security against the fleathe
plants
additional
needed
cost
for the
of
raising-
at
l\v this safe
crop
mode.
Open Air Be(fs."
are
cheapest. And
it is
plants.
the
open
quicker
It is
a
there
where
greatly
to
is
no
that
open
air beds
be
of raising plants is ticable,
pracpreferred for the main supply of
opinion
transplanting-
plants raised
question
this mode
well-established
air stand
than
But
in hot
11
that
plants
better
and
bed
cold-frame.
or
usually
raised
grow
in
off
"ielecit(niof Locai/Yi/.On
the seicctioil of
-
lor
plant
a
of
timely supply
impossible to
cannot
too
wet
Go
into
spot
near
by
plants, either
for
feet
apart
tliis bed
old
hoes
a
wood,
and
until
the
wet.
It will require
the
bed
over
inch
continue
is biu-ned
half
a
Never
from
and
one
or
of
mass
feet, throw
the
Avhen
fire
land
hoiu-s
to two
on
the
moving
burn
half
a
hooks,
burning
and
fire
Then
With
five
or
four
to
loiig enough
burning
burning
over.
three
deep.
poles, pull
first consists
raked.
the
intended
plat
skids
and
n
side
hill-
both
exposui-e,
The
small
it to remain
and
the
method.
an
select
embracing
cleared
half
four
of moisture.
is
cook
to
soil properly.
Or, better
still
place down
and
to four
Then
with
down
mode
any
vake
remain,
as
covilter
over
to
not
and
roots
.house,
Top""
Manure
soil Avhile
that
Tip Top
house
poultry
a
made
'"^
ftrst-class
most
with
Bone
excellent
Powell's
the
manure
that
and
and
to
to be
use
pen
ing
observ-
all
remove
or
such
poultry
as
"Tij)
incorporated
E.xiierience
sown.
both.
withecpuil quantity
incorporated,
thoroughly
mixed
.for plants, and
Prepared
hoes, and
raking,
surface, and
has
Then
grub
thoroughly
bed
Fertilizer
with
fertilizer"
and
it is better
droppings
set
ashes
manure.
stable, hog
the
into
preparing
oil,and
let the
but
brands,
commercial
chopped
be
denumstrated
makes
and
to the
from
reliable
some
Powell's
the
subsoil
other
or
plat Avill suffice,provided
and
plat has been burned
the
essentially,
the
weight
operation.
one
larg;ecoals
are
bring
should
the
leaves,
sprinkle kerosene
plat deeply, or break
soil by repeated chopping
tufts.
or
at
After
trash
be
to
plat and
the
over
the
fine the
make
has
burn
surface
entire
throw
this
; over
burning
oft" the
they
thickly
which
effectually done.
cooled,
with
of
the
three
iji diameter,
inches
apai't, over
over
fire and
on
four
to
brush
material
tlic whole
it is
two
place
then
the plat to be burned,
nicelj''
over
feet
wood,
combvistible
Hut
Rake
:
i)oles from
half
a
burned.
of
or
on
well
long
found,
be
southeastern
Burn
ncAv
wood
for
to
of
or
permit
soil brown
water,
north.
old
of
and
distance
and
a
ground
fastened
brands
brush
the
on
the
bed
a
of wood
cook
on
of
ther
nei-
spot,
can
degrees
southern
the
by the
down
placing
to
having-
woods
as
it is
fore,
there-
planter,
foi-est,if possible, and
stream
the
which
sheltered
a
naturally
different
original
or
flat,and
protected
in
as~to possess
woods,
The
choosing
rich
as
without
plants,
tine g^rade.
in
dry,
branch
a
and
careful
locality
i"i'oper
a
largely depends
preparation,
of
crop
too
so
the
a
too
nor
its
strong-, healthy
raise
he
located
and
and
bed,
Chemicals,
so
does
stable
a
post
com-
manure
jiiul rich moist
and
best
the
earth
The
.
latter
But
surest.
when
of using
beware
in
compostefl
time
is
containinjj-
manure
planter must g-uide liim in the
to be applied at this stage; but
of fertilizing material
amount
him that the tobacco
it is well to remind
plant rai-elyresponds
that
but
the
doses
of
to homoepathic
allopathic
plant food,
The
seed.
g-rass
suits
usage
Sow
it best.
the
at
half
an
and
later
I'ate of
on
oxmce,
reiiuire a third
than
CACry
is about
tablespoonful of seed, which
yards at first sowing,
fifty square
the same
a heaping
teas]"oonful over
stand.
good
a
fourth
or
to meet
by frosts
Injury
Sow
sowijig.
little thick
a
and
contingencies,
bugs
or
secure
stand
good
a
may
rather
time.
in
The
a
thin
too
a
with
resow
to secure
surface,
of tlie
.iudgment
best
or
dry ashes,
seed
enotigh
fertilizer
reserving
The
the
to sow
Avay
tobacco
seed
is to mix
seed
and
to
sow
once
cross
sow
smallest
is the
of
thoroughly witli
the bed,
regularly over
to promote
regularity.
them
all farm
seeds, and
conse-
If the
before
seed are
sown
(luentlj're(]uiresalight covering.
of the
the 20th of February, the best Avay is to firm the surface
it over
bed
later, sweep
by treading
closely, but if sown
with
brush
Then
surface
rake.
over
a
or
i-un
light
liglitly
the
the
through
drains
To
water.
bed, with
this
do
properly,
apart with. the foot, then
the
depth
the
outside
of three
of the
washing.
Mulcliimj
and
the
over
plants
for
bed,
or
grain.
A
inches.
bed,
attracts
aM"laut-bed,
T'iiio brush
handy,
covering
of
cover
some
as
but
trench
water
There
unfortunately
with
such
be
and
fine
moisture,
manure.
should
ott'
five feet
or
deeply
whipped
retains
a
])ass
to
luirrowgrubbing-hoe
Then
hair
and
acts
ofl"four
off surface
Corer/ny." Hog
in full supplrif not
four
a
to
enough
them
run
with
o})en
bed, to ward
frost, and
from
covering
or
inclination
around
pre\'ent
and
tered
scat-
protects
is
no
better
it is
rarely
placed thickly over
straw
material
or
chatf
free
is necessary-,
frost or
suffer
the
ever
the
from
or
the
from
likely to be killed by
drought, and they thri^ e better with some
protection.
Canvas
J^eds." A covering
of thin clotli
Covcrimj for Plant
has been
found
to hasten
the growth
(^f plants and
protect
them
from
freezing and injury by the flea-bugs This makes
the bed warmer,
and acts as a cold-frame, the canvas
taking
the place of glassThe
New
"Water-Proofing Fibre Company,
a
York, prepare
cloth for plant-beds by a process
Avhich greatly promotes
rability,
duAvhile rendering- the cloth unfit for domestic
use, and
young
plants
are
13
not
Ihcrcforc
writer
knows
able
from
to
be
trial.
stolen.
It
is
a
good
thing,
as
the
(?ut on
The
construct
covering-
canvas
a
prevent the
througli, eighteen
from
graduated
at
one
inch
thick
for the
inches
eighteen
and
six inches
nails in the
middle
by ten yards,
inches
the bed
over-
the
nails
over
the
and
may
than
by
and
plant-beds,
old
over
leaves, then
in the
over
when
and,
prove
with
down
weight
late fall
the
bed.
first
if
a
bed
forest, selecting
well
and
if the
chop
sowing
season
be
or
cord
placed
o^er
is
cover
the
plants,
in less time
set
the
is dry,
fine,
or
and
time
some
and
operation
same
plants
bed
thus
sow
re-burn
trench
as
jear,
every
Avill impro\e
it
of
best
straw
the
fire, and
properly,
be
may
rich
the
But
seed.
be dry.
raised
plat, and
chopping
the
with
over
a
following
the
of
thickly
whole
rake
the
the green
down
on
have
and
years.
many
or
to
the
one
thickly
the
and
Repeat
moist
leaves, coultering
each
in the middle
in
select
over
When
Plants
a
ten
say
oug-ht to
secured
l)rush
green
for
the
through
run
it at will
shave
cover
is manured
Beds."
Unhunicd
hoes
early winter,
stand-by
dri\e
Make
bed,
above
planter
August
or
with
and
prepared.
the
heavily,
July
Then
boarding,
around
meet
over
be
may
wood.
or
nails,
Also
arrangement
placed
which
place
one
twine
covers
Bvery
surface, and
its entire
plank
contrivance.
known
in
a
the
all
right distance
and
Plant-Bed."
Sometime
:
at the
inch
apart.
is ready
cover
this
rows,
one
domestic, eighteen
by pulling the
By
shary)-
and
edge.
twine, which
the
lengths
and
of the
half
common
or
half
one
ten-penny
edge,
letting the two
plant-bed,
standing
cord
board.
other
outer
pre-
in
be
top
size of
of
tie, and
removed
be
any
the
the
a
the bed
over
wide
inches
eighteen
Then
apart,
out^de
the
from
side
into
long,
drive
fastened
six inch
StaudUnj
A
the
and
all around,
kept fast
inches
the
ui)per
and
one
feet
Then
on
apart, to receive
loops all around
Avay
seAV
six
wide.
of cloth, made
loops
cover,
inches
should
board,
and
poles,
stakes
close, so
creeping
lower.
lath
pieces, each
in two
covering
the
middle
inches
six
bed
ones), sawed
good
apart, all around
five to
from
the
tlea,from
the
high on
on
laths, two
The
upon.
to
how
or
round
these
bed
and
inches
feet to eighteen
two
Drive
thick, to rest
beetle,
inches
(make
end.
the
through
all around
stakes, small
diameter
in
ened
twelve
or
l"ai'e a lot of small
show
to
plant bed.
a
placed
twenty
or
sloping to ten
inches
over
little black
to
and
be
should
First, boards
as
Is intenJed
the fore^oinj^-page
They
15
never
by
going
after
surface
such
beds
raking
into
off
the
the
fine, manuring
rarely hold
"repeat"
well
after
out
the
beds, Avhich
first "drawing'' like burnt
suece8si\'e
Time
of
supply
plants
latitiide,varietj- aud
40
iH^ds may
be
sown
:?("thof March,
Avhich
iu
the
sooner
the
to
out
planted
dark
for
better
June
but
May,
in
time
and
the
and
yellow,
the
most
tobacco
oug"ht
iisuallydo
plantings
suit
to
belt,
January
planter will consult
The
grades.
the
the bright grades,
Yellow
usually made.
are
at a ])roper
by sowing
the
ripen
planted early to mature,
in
when
the
cured
fall,
being
early
curings
heavy
between
great tobacco
1st of
to be
preparatory
to be
time
a
35 and
parallels of
the
the
with
varies
sowing
Between
season.
any
and
ought
successful
for
time
reliable for
more
advances.
season
latitude, compassing
north
degrees
The
Seed."
of Sowing
the
as
are
his intei'est
desires
he
grade
best
to
raise.
Plants
and
after
set out
plant the hills
to
in ])eas,
their
'.'square,"(. e. have
growth, if necessary.
their
growth
and
sowed
to every
and
to
during
from
a
plants
seeds
ravages
saturated
when
Be
it is
moist
rich
this
Powell's
earth
to force
rate
of
sure
to
live
stable
fine,
bushels
have
that
of
stage
rubbed
apparent
in time
compost
with
the
''
the
with
little pests
from
after
rain
every
covering
it
a
to
dry
able
favor-
apply
pending.
is im-
one
free
manure
Chemicals;
fermentation.
Prepared
to
promote
for
compost
a
top
dressing
on
young
constant
liberal
and
plaster,
the
unless
the
planter
brush
saved
can
Hard
save
has
the
few
to
hours,
keep the
application
off the
driven
plants.
his plants
frequent applications
a
left.
burning,
16
the
Kepeat
flies have
cedar
lain for
if necessary,
tbeni.
devouring
attention.
oil have
kerosene
failed, and
the
"fly," as it is called,
plants, apply plaster, in which
Fiea-Bug. ""-If the
of green
remedies
lunuerous,
and
at this
manure,
come
be-
plants
be^gin
may
at the
yards.
along
coN'ering the plants with
other
the
rapid, vigorous, stocky growth, defying the
of the flea beetle and hastening their preparation for
begins to devour
A
else.
as
is better
wise
be
promote
transplanting.
(nit for
Look
rags
or
than
is better
to
you
dry stable
applying
should
using just enough
Nothing
time,
soon
leaves,
Nothing
square
shower,
planter
grass
As
growing
it will
This is
the plants are dry.
apply when
apply a goodfertilizer,*and the best time
fine, and
Every
bed"
hundred
one
four
tor
pay
something
or
Plants"
apply
to
the
over
time
it is
than
July rarely
planted
potatoes,
the Oroivthof
Hastening
of
by that
if not
and
handling,
10th
the
If the
only by
early
of manure,
and
fly when
flies
vigilant
thick
are
are
ing,
sow-
the best
If any
the
writer
of
knows
one
of
knows
Avell to state
that
to the
We
in this
author
learn, but
g-ood thing: by experience
those
to
has
book, but
unaided.
him
mode
or
any
to
methods
learn
man
; to
ted.
uninitia-
the
to
Every
after
be
the best
only
is too-short
life
to come
are
for
it may
every
owes
thingsome-
freely give
he
as
freely recei\ ed.
But
he
who
claimed
it"
pnfsne
just here
given, for g-uidance
are
live and
And
is not
perfection
lot him
then
way,
better.
none
practice recommended
known
hetter
a
the
author
does"
those
He
there
and
very
who
know
which
he
has
than
more
for
but
many"
little experience
advice
no
are
but
having
gives
for those
writing
doubtless
and
and
is not
in
ners,
beginture.
cul-
tobacco
followed
not
in his
nothing Avhich experience has not
in theory tested
commended
as the best
by practice. Those
who
better
of the subject, and
whose
a
possess
knowledge
verified
is
all
to
practice
means
give the
by.results, ought by
of
the
lieneflt
their
ters
and
public
knowledge
experience. Planwill gladlj^welcome
their teaching, and
for
honor
them
work,
own
their
service.
to I'eturn.
But,
the
with
rows
and
at the
hundred
of
per
acre,
with
fertilized
with
"patted"
tine
yellow
heavier
from
hundred
tobacco
ground,
feet
two
on
that
and
trash,
hmd
is cut
for
former
field that
is all that
down
or
three
the
of
soil,rots, the
altogether lighter and
the older
been
apart,
of
portions
becoming-
are
as
much
are
and
up
grown
six
as
raised.
previous
facilitates
tlie
roots
tinei-.
18
the
vegetable
break
been
f)ld smooth
from
Expei'ience
years
greatly
helps its fertility. Much
upon
brights
is re(piired.
it
manner
have
inches
ten
Any
soil in fine condition, clear
two
tobacco,
has
preparation
best
our
will put the
In
beds
planters using
some
will reciuire different
the
the
acre.
old
or
of
strength
this
in
the ap])lications
country
to the
tif ty to thi"ee
natural
finished
Avhen
"pats"
to year,
year
pounds
New
and
Avhen
planted,
hoes, with
Bone
previously api)lied. Then
ploughs, lapping four furrows
trench, and
be
apart,
Tip Top
and
off
manure
points for setting the plants.
to mark
down,
of
inches
Powell's
to the
according
"order/' lay
three
hundred
one
turning
to
feet
furrow
some
in nice
land
three
the
quantity
one-horse
lot is ready
your
But
the
soil and
the
the
rate
pounds
follow
on
a
the
Having put
shovel
plough,
follow, drilling along
Fertilizer
the
recommends
of
cut
land.
tion
prepara-
I'oots,tufts
teaches
to its
that
being
if
pared
pre-
and
preparation
in
material, both
easily, and
the
soil is
While
hills
it is economy
old land"
on
when
it can
the
land,
be
made,
it may
tobacco,
the
the
to apply
and
and
coarse
have
the
and
material,
in the
and
g-ood
to show
(piicken their
Most
properly
do
the
the
soda,
the
on
new
trated
concenare
the
right
ric
phosphothe
for
necessary
relative
the
supplies
if the
work.
more
Nitrogen,
most
fail
sources,
will
rainfall
is sufficient
proper
therefrom,
ettects
best
plants, if of
which
mercial
com-
readily they
form.
are
fertilizer
the
more
the
by
from
and
bulk,
forward
good
than
are
yellow
to
Here
early.
and
it
rich, and
is naturally
harm
more
hills
the
doing- their
are
available
and
of each, and
quantity
before
rough
hill,as
a
to hasten
most
a
of
fertilizing-material
soils
assimilated
and
plant;
soil
ought;
and
adai^ted
smaller
acid, potash, lime
But
it
as
best
with
fertilizing- elements
appropriated
tobacco
the
often
The
in making'
work,
preparation
plant.
done, and
manures
soils.
puffy
in the
them
mature
the hand-hoi'
stvmipj-, rooty
on
the
case
some
fertilizers
Bulky,
yet
well, imless
be
often
plants,
done"
to receive
with
doing- all the
Indispensable
made
is not
dispense
plough
well
is
should
such
the
be
hoe
to
never
to
action.
of the
soils best
to the
adapted
tyijcs of tobacco,
tinest
fillers,are thin and poor, and need
especially bright and sweet
and
rapidly in growth
plant-food to push the plants forward
lowed
be ripened and meland
maturity, so that, the product may
coloi",preparatory^ to being- housed
of yellow
Good
crops
soils by
gray
has
well
as
the
of fertilizers
capable
rendered
by the
tobacco,
the
results
the
same
the
hill
is
applied,
to be
sown
will
quantity
for the
that
claim
is to be
of
crops
at
the
yellow belt
fine
yellow
alone, when
followed
in Avheat
as
soon
hill,drill
further
go
quantity
when
used
crop,
by another
the
when
But
to which
in
tobacco
or
of
quick
manner
broadcast.
produce
and
conceded.
the
as
differ in the
'Phinters
in the
drill, is generally
broadcasting-
fully
wonder-
are
plant-food
fine (luality.
fertilizers
commercial
Fertilizer,
Bone
soils in the
producing- g-ood
it
thereto.
first year,
or
extra
silicious
gray
fertilizers, whether
applying
necessary
of
Fertilizers."
of A})plyiii"j
Mode
That
of
of
aid
suited
composition
of
full crops
of poor
areas
the
poor
and
alone;
Chemicals
Powell's
furnishing-
to insure
time
Extensive
are
in
with
Tip Top
cured.
these
on
(commercial)
Powell's
that
made
compost
as
effective
])roper
aid
produced
been
quality
demonstrated,
been
have
of fine
and
larger
applied
ad\'ocates
the
in
of
fei-tilizer
succession"
is removed-then
is the
broadcasting
need
to
Having- prepared
the
for hilling-,
apply the
the
mode
natural
as
distant
the
its value
from
The
by
after
done
when
is
two
and
the
the
hands
and
of
two
boy
or
two
of
around
the
roots.
and
as
hill.
is shown
that
attest
details?
of
say
If the
u
small
no
the
then
by
the time
"hand
There
T'hat you
and
of
Avhy
may
enter
start
and
but
on
the
into
is art in
number
But
superior work.
"
hand
a
to
droi)
the
the
kles
knuc-
compacth'
the hill
hole
he
as
hill
next
the
the
peg-
inserts
peg,
gently
the plant
wood,
at large
planting-
peg
plant"'facilitates
convinced.
some.
the
insert
hill,
expertness-
learned
his
he reaches
plants
each
on
planter takes
has
ft
about
of
diameter
in
one
them,
of hard
dii-t
to
plants
plants, but
or
made
peg
pushing
up
few
very
basket
age
land
afternoon
the
plant
a
of the
picks
ally
effectuthe
and
small
a
hill, withdraws
movement
plant
largest leaves
dropper
the
most
to bruise
Put
Each
to
ready
May,
very
inch
quarter
hand, closes
and
not
the
first hill), and
He
in
as
planting
point.
a
has
in the
work.
I'ry it
planting properly,
living monuments
into
such
right, shun
minute
the
errors
]n-actice at the start the best methods,
as
by successful
soil is dry when
"season"
sure
mea-
it frequently
nearly destroys
are
according- to
the increa,sed
in
inexperience,
demonstrated
of
to draw
wide.'
(unless the
the
Avill be
you
the
planting in the
properly planted,
so
plant in bis hand
Thus
made
size"
a
a
dextrous
left
the
fine leaf
to set out
rows,
to
into
the
adjusted
next
a
forward,
moves
matter
girl,Avho drops
or
and
the
on
by
handle
each
t)ne
inches
plant, and
two
apart than the
ing
breaking and bruis-
.a
Observe
proper
a
tapering
plants
some
If
plants
of
plant" to start with
two
by
to thi*ee inches
long,
and
Mark
Planting- is often
sap,
day.
same
follow, with
men
rows
hills about
"
hills,you
being
are
bed, and
in one
six inches
end,
hills
are
half
a
as
wider
be
a
the
prepared
winter's
the
they
dropping
The
on
1st of May.
of time
until
the
ploughing"
plants will fail to live.
waste
wait
in
the
hills made
a
quantity
la.Ning-ofl the
without
the least blemish
the
from
by
such
to centre
should
rows
final
the
with
one
fertilizer
wrapper.
a
time
of the
apparent
require the hillers to apply
at the
Planting." Haying
is moist
in
make
centre
cultivation
as
as
prefers, and
proper
plants
importance,
the
too
seem
soil indicates,
and
guide.
a
hills,to afford
any
which
apart, and
hoe-handle
the
on
of the
inches
inches
feet ten
land
planter
strength
feet three
three
reasons
explanation.
whichever
the
best, for
for planting.
practice.
the hills are made,
The
best
~'0
come
then
with
it will require
showers.,
It is
to plant
well
not
If the
settles.
laud
after
soon
plants
After
to time
time
to
planting
as
it Avill be
over,
seasons
taken
Cultivaiiiuj.- It is
the
subsequent
If the
has
preparation
a
thorough,
hand-hoe, will
the first
ploughing,
coulter,
the
best
coulter
points.
For
first.
furrows
the
The
turning plough
is most
The
last ploughing
with the single shovel"
the
on
will
keeps
hand-hoe
the
Any
or
baking,
prevent
follow
bed
process
save
done
the
effectually-
; if grassy,
the
use
with
three
side, then
each
on
the
hoe
without
is scraped
as
putting
This
down.
should
plants
many
stirs the
plants free from
the
dirt
with
dry spell
a
working.
which
culti\^ation,no
good
and
much
the wing
last farrow.
and
with
tobacco
than
be
may
furrow
a
lowed
fol-
crol).
the
shovel
effectually
third
the
as
double
or
cultivator
or
hill
is better
ploughing
second
with
splitting the middle
Never
"scrape down"
back
cultivator
the
with
done
next
thorJi
tobacco)
ploughing,
for
sulflce
whtel;/
and
first-class
thrice
implement
no
duty,
Early, rapid
produce
soon
plants growing.
their
do
been
with
time
each
pests has
grow.
the
start
for.
to
is necessary
cultivation
these
of
it is
cultivation
fail to
atone
can
troublesome,
i)0ssible;for
as
to commence
planters
Avork
from
opportunity
are
one
soil and
Hence
replant
every
worms
far
before
time.
to
it to live and
important
,Tust at this point many
ough
cut
as
ex])ect
to loosen
planting,
after
no
If
one
quarters, and
up
that
the
and
uncertainty.
necessary
desti'oy every
put a plant in a hill where
to
useless
transplanted
embracing
occur,
for and
hunt
if
before
the
until
favorable,
all is
stand
a
inissing hills.
the
All up
time
wait
seasons
die
will
that
of getting
importance
good,
are
few
planting- well done, very
After
the 10th of July.
the
soaking- rain, but
a
soil
and
grass
how
matter
effectually
weeds,
with
and
and
often, andv
will
constitute
what
implement
|
'
Old
done.
and
new,
land
after
tearing and
The
before
the
than
more
the
plants
the
leaves.
hoes
may
be
used
and
at any
commence
graining.
the
be
later
be
plants will
time
tobacco,
as
the cultivation
necessary
to push
Short
bright.
are
half
not
to
and
grass
prevent
weeds
thereafter;
plowed
to clear
singletrees
grown,
of
cleared
than
out
the
crop
but
till the
is ploughed
longer tobacco
portance
ripening; therefor(", the imone
Any
thorough cultivatioii.
in
giving early and
raise good cabbages
can
cultivation
The
of
who
in
work
more
breaking
yellow grades should
the first of August,
leaves
the
require
grades
dark
be used
should
will
ought
is very
the
plants
to
how
know
similar.
to cultivate
Sometimes
forward,
Avhere
comes
it be-
previous
luaniiriny has
and
frost
("scape
to
I would
well.
cure
tity about
150
fertilizer
around
pounds
per
the
of
toi)5
Fertilizer
Bone
and
acre,
has
the
the
scraped
effectual
proved
and
some
in
(luan-
the
upon
Powell's
applied.
as
to
as
of
use
plants,
earth
hills
the
vipeiiing,so
advise
aroiuid
fertilizer,applied
{^ood standard
Tip Top
iua(le(iuate, to hasten
proved
be
may
lied
re-
upon.
PRUNING
Under
off the
small
advantages
l)ing" plucking
the
the
the
is dry.
That
it is contended
that
the
should
a
that
know
the
topper
with
plant
"ou
don't
ping,
third
has
"primed,"
then
over
err
oniy
The
to leave
leaves
and
of
gum,
ing
worm-
the
slow
"bottom"
If
it,to catch
the
cue
off too
leaf must
leaf
as
many
in
the
before.
leaves.
to
the
be
third
show
No
each
to
the
count
by
rule
not
are
the
is done,
if
Toi"-
you.
which
tier,'
regular
leaf
man,
plants
If i)riming
mind,
on
Young
fixed
to
hangs
index
leaves
have
a
cluding
leaves, in-
this
of
if you
i)lants toi"ped.
that
this in his
number
business
learns
nine
from
on
longer
no
,leaf
Fixing
negro
hands-
leaves
soon
coiuiting.
old
stnne
of
make
plants
ping
toj). Top-
trusty
this"
the
and
deduct
or
without
hoAv, get
the
topper
desired
and
a
the
upward,
to
to
secret
leaves.
any
the
pulling
lower
number
of
leaf
bottom
add
to
for
in
the
the
number
required
an"-
bottom
upward
looking
other
make
and
experienced
tier going
will find, is
all
and
the
oil
commencing
is, that
the
certainty
on
leaves
work
toi" and
know
you
of
initiated"
nine,
marking
seed
counting
both
l)efore
coiuiting.
the
and
worms
grit,
Sand
off
wax,
considerable
a
toi),leaving
it in the
over
the
wirhout
to
secret
for
can
plant
until
wait
be
and
On
the
remain
remaining
more
off'
tedious.
more
to
harbor
sand
pulling
by
c(^ntain
to
salable.
useless, the
and
leaves
from
buyer.
that
some
leaves
more
tobacco
generally
are
to button
who
by
lower
It is best
therefore
top-
leaves
pulling
growth if
the
lower
ones
to
that
retards
the
There
small
adjacent
contend
upper
the
nutriment
process
begin
the
of
terror
more
Some
iilants and
an"l
cleaner
which
and
permitting
protects
the
I'eceive
bud
saps
are
men
seed
leaves
them
leaves,
and
the
tion
opera-
all.
at
all resort
but
the
near
which
if done
out
ing
Break-
plant
proper,
against priming,
finger.
stalk
makes
hand,
the
of
and
thumb
lower
grit
leaves
for
and
the
weather
on
inferior
of opinion.
"priming,'" or pruning
along with the '"topping,"
is done
with
and
difference
is called
ground
are
is wide
there
this head
TOPPING.
AND
eye,
hangs
don't
can
be
given,
the
so
planter
given for waiting
is
that
mainly
for the
The
at the
the
soil,and
left
be
the
of leaves
quality, moi-ethan
quantity
the
devices
and
niunber
of
lack
damage
give him
tobacco-fly usually
five to
in from
out
sheds
its outer
of the
after
it has
and
it soon
an
the
ground
out
more
we
of the
may
of worms,
in
destroy
from
what
such
them
eggs.
to
moths,
wonder
countless
before
of
none
Virginia
second
as
ruined
23
or
hatch
worm
The
ing
grow-
thirty days,
itself a few
days
where
ground,
twenty-
some
of its crawling
lay
more
brood
to
defy
the
crop.
in
worms
raise
but
a
all
horde
sometimes
all
on
moth
ev^ery
to
and
laying
destroyed,
latter
into
eggs
of
hundred
one
are
the
in
to
for
these
raise
to
The
capable
the
numbers
gi-eat
first moths
that
these
the.y have
in
is
and
that
hawk-moth
to
at least
expect
in
The
the
time
So
has
year
insect
after
a moth
moth
the
to
Avorms.
or
into
the
forth
but
this
the
state; and
pupa
if
that
planter, seriously
few, and
they are
it goi-ges
burrows
or
Each
and
from
the
come
twenty-five
its growth
reasonably
sweet
lessen
worm,
its growth.
it^gets
before
hundred
to change
allowed
larva;
dajs
to
they
year.
deposited by
sends
For
advances
year
of
eggs
the
from
of the
his appearance
pupa
first brood;
from
year
the
worms.
two
average
May
next
twenty -five days from
or
hatch
the
during
crawls
the
medium
be
season
horn
years
nature
attained
into
passes
three
the
efforts
Some
lasts
the
of
shipping,
in order
of the
best efforts
twice
the
to
It is the
worm
then
longer, and
the
seven
skin
stage
the
returns.
makes
The
of May.
late,
plant,
SUCKERING.
ravages
Perhaps
broods
two
cording
ac-
should
rich
As
regulates
continued
and
trouble.
no
least
month
the
mitigate
his crop.
the
brights.
dark^
resorted
been
and, despite
numbers,
or
curing.
accordingly; remembering
only partial relief.
brought
at
have
general
for
AND
AVORMING
Many
for
more"
enough.
are
number
reduce
of
first topping
ten, and
to
leaves
nine
to
early
plies
ap-
varies
unfavorable, strength
applied. On
or
soils,in ordinary seasons, the
leaves"
ten to thirteen
rarely
eight
plant
ready
that
fertilizingmaterial
of
nine
be
for tlue
each
is done,
work
i)ropitious
amount
fillers from
intended
on
topped
advantage
in-ospective development
whether
season,
to
time
and
appearance
is an
to all tobacco
of leaves
to
This
reason
be
to
ready
are
ripen together, and
may
time.
same
strong foi-ce
number
plants
many
plants
more
knife
with
until
The
himself.
for
judge
must
pears
ap-
efforts
E\ery
moth
to
The Black
MOST EVERY
SHOW
Lqcations.where:
fARMER
how
// itnts to knozu
Crops
Cheaply.
printed
raise
to
handsome
a
entitled
"
iZERS,"
-which
Fertil
written
its
adapted,
explicit
contains
land
Wheat,
Iri'h
Buckwheat,
best
cnl-
the
preparation,
and
tivation, fertilization
of
Iradinti
by
the
n^rictilturislson
had
book
new
About
Points
directions
Larqt
just
I^have
keting
mar-
Corn,
Oatcs,
Swerf
toes,
Pota-
and
Melons, Grapes, St7a7vbe"ries,
Peanuts,
Cabbages,
with
for each
month
directions
for the
year
Feed,
Plants
""'Hovj to
Treat
the
MAKE
GOOD
HOME
at
TON,
with
the
Hoiv
gen,
Nitro-
Boys,""and
farmers
are
in ; tells all about
interested
to
of
Get
They
things
other
many
in the
Garden.
and
Hoiu
minute
work
general
Orchard
Farm,
bacco
To-
Tomatoes,
Omons,
and
how
AT
FERTILIZERS
$12.00
about
per
PARED
PRE-
POWRLIv'S
CHEMICALS
POWEIJ/S
RED-
TIIvIi^ERj
niated
Send
to
you
pay
a
and
FHR-
BAG
high-grade
ammo-
fertilizer.
two
2-cent
postage,
THE
BOOK
i^^^
Sent
to
(4 cents) stamps
and
I
will
send
FREE.
Farmers
onlv.
GUGGENHEIMER,
WeIL
'
to be
ought
to
destroy
g-reat extent
(Which
is
and
by injecting
Jamestown
wage
a
of
be
be
to
never
permitted
of
crop
tine
over
rich, silky leaf.
a
who
grade
])revent the
does
not
No
pull
worms"
never
-
appear
The
ers
suck-
and
ought
if
long; for,
that
wise
other-
Avould
need
planter
expect
suckers
while
riddling- the
leaves.
off
from
horn-worms
of
a])pear,
much
woiihi
planter
inches
two
them
give
season.
they
as
suckle,
Honey-
is n.ot g'cneral,
would
in the
week
get
moth
flrst hrood
larg-e they abstract
perfect
small, and
to
permitted
will
they
later
off every
which
if every
the
on
hordes
pulled
to grow
to
go
But
escape.
thing rarely done"
a
unconquerable
should
a
would
Cobalt
sweetened
Petunia,
the
lor
dt"ii"-
be
may
the
of
this hunt
this
of
drops
Howers
extermination
unfortunately
in such
the
But
some
Avar
lew
a
(Jirapson) weed,
tinai (juietus.
if it were
and
tliey appear,
as
poison) into
a
or
their
otl
the
KIPENING.
The
Leaf type, as contra-di.ft.inguishedfrom
Ciyar tobaco,
to be ripe when
to
its color
from
changes
green
greenish yellow, thickens, so that Avhen the leaf is folded over
is known
the
"
under
tlnunb
leaf
surface
color.
been
retarded
in about
topped,
sometimes
The
by drought.
after
sooner
T)o not
a
the
trrs
uniform
" our
will
do
it.
Put
men
sticks
thej' may
a
be
and
uniformly
knife, well
the
handle
the
work
who
in color
sticking
fully
shoe
or
Try
only,
hurrj^ to Ijegin cutting
a
around
blade,
and
yellow
greei
Yirgin'i'.
the plant"
in
place
after
has
growth
about
been
week-^
two
HOUSING.
AND
enough
cloth
hand.
-
in
be
butcher
soft
of Curiiii!
Science
when
the
topping.
ripe, and
thin
of
surface
upper
five to six weeks
longer
tlie
between
pressed
Cigar tyi)e ripens
CUTTING
is
The
open.
Carolina
North
have
-and
stated
under
roughened, for reasons
and generally of a mottled
7'o?)((eco,
Ripening of this type usually takes
YeUoir
and
outward
finger it cracks
and
is
being
i
knives
know
and
extending
an
effectually and
be
into
the
hands
ripe tobacco,
texture,
and
will
and
easily found
when
inch
easy
.
alonj.
to
experienced
of
r
witi
wrai)ped
sharitened, and
and
until
to fill a barn.
ripe
tht
cur
will
select
plant
no
other.
Havo
cut
already in the field,"nd placed
stick vertically in the ground
more
tobacco
your
piles,i;onvenient
each
over
pile that
in
wanted.
Pine
sticks.
ri\od
four
and
fourths
three
Start
one-half
and
carrying- two
at the
top
he
right
the
splitsthe
knife
of the
and
so
the
about
hands
to the
of
the
barn, either
bed
a
which
to hold
tobacco
each
received
hauled
or
on
Avagon,
coops
pare
pre-
piles,
on
on
twenty-five
to the
drive
coop,
the
it is ready
the
placing
after
on
dexterous
has
stick
use
three
inches
across
if near,
to
guide
opening,
a
brights,
for
by hand
cut, and
as
of cut
the
if intended
l"jng
hill,by
his
hill ; and
slit or
is straddled
it is necessary
feet
tobacco
thirty sticks
When
cax-ried
If
sixteen
place
holder.
plants,
if distant.
wagon
plant
the
the
the
to
three
from
follows
with
stalk;
within
stalk
the
left hand
six medium
to go
a
the
in
(observing
to
between
his left hand
centre
from
cutters
walking
the
the
sever
"the
plant with
leaves)
is severed
holder
iiieh,
best.
are
enters
his left hand
plant
of the
movement
the
the
to
stick
the
knife
sever
descends
knife
Avhen
stick
to
not
as
of
down
smooth,
stick-holder
hold
stalk
one-rourth
and
one
one
the
the
point he intends
the
as
where
near
and
and
takes
cutter
by
lony, drawn
cutters
each
rows
The
them.
feet
two
together
inch
ol" an
or
barn
to
unloaded.
be
Tobacco
suitable
it is bruised
planters,
break
less than
knoiv
and
less if , after
Avilt before
dium
and
cut
the
on
by this mode
brights, it
tobacco.
For
curing- at
once,
as
soon
has
barn
If
the
good
here
it may
be
crop
is too
rich
policy
scaffolds
as
soon
heavy
or
cure
near
cut.
as
But
well
to
and
never
to
be
To
on
barns,
in
some,
is
it is
caught
for
the
But
; for
of
m"'-
siui-burned
any
best
to
commence
the
in
the
this
Avhich
leaf
rain;
placed on scaffolds away
rain threatens, that on scaffolds
near
be placed out of danger, but
not so
in
Avhich
the
from
the
that
may
barn
on
of
the
bacco
to-
away
it
oug-ht
if
happen
When
barn.
may
erect
hauling
tobacco
partially dry
be
tobacco
near
or
scaffold
is
the
the
to obviate
to
it maj^
properly,
place
scaffolds
safe
never
after
out
the
sun-curing.
brights, then
do
order
in
practice
our
coarse
field.
barn
give
it sweet.
tobacco, place
the
to
TOBACCO."
green
from
tobacco
at
to
allowed
tilled.
be
can
sticks
Avilting. Cutting
found
been
it,
will
the
tobacco
ha^'e
never
you
"SUN-CURED
Just
plants
it Avithout
the
as
the
But
Try
tobacco
heavy
mode,
barn.
wa."', as
mode-
above
and
to the
this
in
other
any
the
by
less to handle
handled
Very
ground
removed
size bruises
by
yourselves.
being
being
housing
if handled
for
placed gently
are
brights i^ best
for
very
scaffolds
afar
soon
f"ff.
S^VEET
CURING
To
fillers with
cure
barn
the
five
as
soon
to ninety
this
do
to
Arcs
four
If the
to
days
be
the tobacdo
is
dry the leaf, as
often
TO
After
the
tAvo
and
leaf
is cured,
or
and
then
If cured
iKujanij,while
degrees
heavy
size and
Avill
and
shipping""
than
in
Avood
tire is objectionable,
is all that
wood
will
else is needed
a
dai-k
it
mei-ly,
produced
or
be
the
desired,
until
the
hundred
and
stalk
cure
and
leaf
the
of
ma-
briglit dai)pk'
a
wants
the
soot.
flue
the
with
leaf
Smoke
to
is
the
get the
the
smoke.
Cui-ing
so
and
smoke,
the
tobacco,
sweet
as
and
heat,
with
old
know
nothing
new
fashionable
flues
oi)en
the
they
because
flue than
cured
but
none
over
colory
the
with
flue you
is not
easily
cured
from
recommend
and
possess
the
against
are
not
be
may
practice,
which
as
does
past, and
old
old
secured
world
the
fashion
certainly better
Besides, by
smoke
the
is
with
without
the
to banish
can
fii-es. IJut
and
grade"
way.
and
to
continue
color
other
anj-
belongs
Taste
better.
this
is wanted,
fires
JJourbons
Jf
thus
which
nothing
is fit for
substance
better
no
i-aise
hundred
point
to one
from
nui
iind
Then
one
this
much
be
degrees
hours.
at
or
TOBACCO."
flues
opeii
and
mottled,
a
until
and
will
'"SHIPPING
Avhich
heat
seventy,
remainder
four
gradually
there
flues
scaftolds
on
hundred
hour
an
up
and
the
assumed
one
or
the
move
before
red.
cherry
Dark
to
three
for
properly
the
have
heat
Keep
hundred
one
the
half
a
sufficiently
leaves
point
is reached.
thirty
stem.
the
will
COLOR.
yellowed
run
at that
and
a
when
appearance,
"the heat
sixty
has
seven
heat
occur
in
be
necessary.
IVCAHOGANY
tobacco
let it remain
be
may
five to
rains
fires
oughly
thor-
it may
little flue
If
raise
is
sap,
from
process
tobacco.
cured,
as
CURE
flues, and
piebald
the
dry out
thoroughly
continue
tobacco
much
this very
After
to
has
yellowing
yelh^w properly.
necessary
\Mider
the
to continue
the
otlu-r
raising the
befoj-e, and
as
eighty-
about
morning,
until
tobacco
to
go
in
placed
barn
then
ever3'
leave
days
is
in the
and
flues
then
five
or
yellowed.
nccessarj'
in the
FLUES.
tobacco
heat
Fahrenheit,
degrees, and
for
the
cut, raise the
as
Kindle
business.
AVITH
flues, wheu
ninetj' degrees
or
heat
FILLERS
mode.
for-
as
over
this
wood
can
be
in any
other
way.
and
free
from
skilful
A
procTuce
can
Ciller
with
by the flue better, and
The
way.
who
main
have
used
never
CURING
charcoal
The
planters.
heat"
chief
to
of the
color,
green,
catch
of
process
There
are
leaves
in
all color
to dry
as
out
the
operandi
barn
then
containingplants
which
must
be
expelle"l
fancy
colors"
that
color
and
the
from-
finally
so
lose
lated
regu-
fix it,is
and
yellow,
of
Bj-
dry heat,
sticks
from
stalks
science
in
of
tobacco,
green
with
along
to five thousand
in
ingcur-
bright tobacco.
stick, holds
five hundred
thousand
four
each
on
the
dry,
prism.
red,
quick
a
hundred
seven
the
of
best
Nature's
to
the
is
our
and
next
descend
catch
and
of curing
modus
six medium
leaf
a
prismatic
drying
yellow, then orange,
they go to decaj'. Now,
as
is heat"
This
middle
first to
green,
of
leaves, stems
soAen
the
primitive
is cheaper
by most
color, veUou\
with
one
first is the
mode
the
the
occupying-
nature,
tobacco"
adopted
from
sap
])lanters,
latter, which
to the
in either
agent
the
The
hues.
being
other
any
TOBACCO."
"to fix it indelibly.
and
tobacco
green
A
is
yellow tobacco.
curing
the
with
in
all grades.
curing- yellow
giving" place
expel
plants, and
of
for
efficient, and
more
for
try them
and
demand,
induce
to
YELLO^W
other
is fast
nu)de, but
and
the
and
is
author
flues, to
modes
two
are
in
certainty, than
the
"BRIGHT
There
most
colors
more
of
object
the
the tobacco
of water,
pounds
eigty-five
t)ne
hundred
suited
for
to
hours.
Charcoal
produces
but
purpose;
and
With
objectionable.
furnace
and
it
fines
pipes, the
safe,
so
when
if
its merits
ci-al
use
The
and
tobacco
cured
flavor.
The
supersede
and
known,
all other
first step in curing- is called
Process.
Medium
tobacco
will
tedious, dirty
use
the
on
with
constructed
in the
cut
is
leaf that
for("st
therewith
free
process
possesses
flue
modes
constructed;
better
as
the
or
curing- is less costlj' and
of
process
become
dust
is burned
all other
over
properly
black
a
(see diagrams)
wood
field,and the whole
the
less laborious, and
dust, and has a sweeter
advantages
is costly, its
deposits
old
many
drj' heat, well
open,
its preparation
laborious
and
an
of
free
from
so
cvu-ing tobacco,
from
it will
smoke,
into
come
is
that
gen-
modes.
the
Steami}Kj
require
to
or
YcUoiriiKj
fromi
twenty-four
degrees to yellow
at about
steaming
thirty hours
ninety
with
less sap,
more
or
larger or
sufficiently; but tobacco
smaller, will require a longer or shorter time to yellow. Here
the
judgment
of the
curer
must
be
his guide.
Inexperienced
]"l;intcrsAvoiild
if
curer,
planter
tliey have
maj'
to the
paid
learn
here,^butit is
When
the
barns
fixed
progrannue
certain
On
The
planter here
The
next
the
greener
the
heat
of the
until
tobacco
the
off the
fioor
and
curings
It may
But
are
too
degrees"
at
a
not
it to
the
sweat.
hay
stage
fact, that
But
degrees.
sweat, and
a
the
the
under
i)rocess.
failure
tivc
from
a
curer
raise
detects
the
.iust dried
fall of five
to
put
the
or
him
circumstances
and
curer
out
was
heat
ten
cessary"
ne-
to
one
the first indica-
by regiilating
it
prevents
more
at least
one
have
we
indicates
skilful
point
to
heix*.
opening
the
up
over
straw
of the
is a
fast,to
not
open
this
any
too
has
let
remain
of
at
spoil
and
opposite sides
on
what
concern
little cooling
close
door
SAveat
other
barn, where
to the
this need
but
we
tions.of
Eight
the thermometer
where
of hope, for
hundred
thaii
to remember
back
logs
vance
ad-
leaves
and
the
the
more
and
to
the
redden
soon
tobacco
yellow,
observing
;
permit
result.
an\-
given.
it is time
off all appearance
dried
spoiled by proceeding
slow.
Now
stick a pin
to go
leaf, and
air, and
the
uniform
a
the
between
desired
spoiled
are
curings
going
set
be well
When
this, open
or
be
can
color,
do
a
better.
know
or
speedily, sprinkle dry straw
fire thereto, using .iust enough
sweat
the
accomi)lish
of
will
hour
an
more
has
Color.
degrees
To
that
well.
pea-green
oft.
that
curing- with
every
as
which
space
to let iu
barn
for
his head
hundred
if after
is it reasonable
hour,
leaves
exactly alike,
are
directions
best
well.
particular, and
cAery
Fi.H)ig the
driAen
a
plants
general
sweating,
open
iu
he
attention,
to cure
one
experienced
light
a
one
and
open
dry
the
to
color, unless
disappeared,
To
of
to detect
it stand
no
the
Theorj- alone,
minute, will not do
The
?
use
yellowed,
(mes
the
closely
must
is called
step
is suttlciently
two
be followed
can
times
many
himself.
qualify
every
hope of success.
so variable, only
Avork
well
must
that
change
may
an
exitert
The
yellow.
fine
crop
directions,however
practice that
ol'
besides, by close
preciselj'similar
weather
for
of his
to cure
it is remembered
two
no
services
suitable
and
season
g-ood,and
the
value
curer,
in one
however
tobacco
in enhanced
saves
monej'
d(j Avell to procure
the
heat
and
ventilation.
Keep
the
heat
tlien ad\-ance
one
hundred
leached
the
bright
tobacco
must
at
half
degrees
two
and
a
and
ten
degrees
most
The
now
be
the
in
the
condition
curer's
:5U
for
four
two
every
hours, and
hours, until
Here
reached.
are
critical point
tobacco.
degrees
hiuidred
one
jou
difficult process
and
guide.
a])peai:ance
No
one
can
have
of curing
of
the
success-
fully
tobacco
cure
much
little heat, in tixing-the
of the
leaf
be
may
known
side ot
face
the
sides.
Now,
the
on
definite
to
brown
Too
edge and
then
prevent
be
can
hundred
one
is usual
hours
aim
practiced
movement.
But
hundred
and
degrees
ten
Arrived
at
until
twentj'-five degrees,
heat
should
remain
cured, which
near
from
of
leaf appears
and
or
to be
hundred
stem
sap
to
leaf
cured, advance
eighty degrees is
perhaps biu-ning both
five
To
recapitulate-
First.
Yellowing
to endanger
barn
"
"
or
one
at the
up
hundred
one
The
process.
leaf
When
expelled.
degrees
and
is
until
above
run
up
stalk
hundi-ed
one
the
scorching
the
hour
every
remain
from
degrees
tobacco,
and
24 to 30 hours.
Fixing color, lOO'degrees,4 hours.
100 to 110,2} degrees
Second.
above
tobacco.
and
90
process,
or
eight hours, according
to be
seventy degrees
To
thoroughly cured.
and
often
figures initil the
to
two
slower
to curl
curing
these
six
for
advance
twenty
is the
it
every
tobacco
necessity
and
ai'e
of the
hours
While
five degrees
and
the
in
four
is fast enough.
the tails begin
this
will require
amount
to one
at
and
from
not
ting
spot-
hundred
riui
the
eye,
and
No
experienced
one
hofh
on
curer.
the
about
hundred
one
hand
degrees. Sometimes
it is safe
and
to the
to
twenty
faster
ends.
of
leaf, tirst
visible
one
tobacco, the condition
the
to
Too
leaf.
the
are
the
on
at this stage to advance
indicates,
too
the
stain
reddens
spots, which
in
again eight hours
for mediuni
to
heat
laid down
and
will suffice,then
much
sponging
other, is the
time
the
of
appearance
color, operates
leaf.
to
the
ell'ects of
the
face side
color, and is called "sponging-," and
novice
only on the
by its appearance
to the
the
around
ten
dull
a
distinguish
can
in
little heat
too
or
iintilhe
"
2 houi-s.
every
110 to 120, 4 to 8 hours.
Third.
Fourth.
And
stalk
the
Curing
stalk
Curing
at
continue
and
requires
stem
from
(5 to
leaf, 120 to 12.5,
ai-e
and
down,
curing
was
systematic
curing
seventy
and
hour.
an
degrees
dry, which
until
usually
12 to I.")hoiirs.
process
first
NEW
for
given
tobacco;
METHOD.
yellow
in
published
treatise
yellow
and
killed
thoroughly
THE
The
stem, 125 to 170,5 degrees
hundred
one
8 hours
the
to the
and
tobacco,
public
it has
31
year
as
heretofore
1871, and
on
remained
the
was
the
laid
fli*st
difficult art
substantially
of
uu-
altoro"l through
six
editions
of
the
ai^-yVeg'ating'
pamphlet,
in several
States
have
100,000copies. Thousands
it for
their guide, and been
taken
enabled
to leai-n to cure
assistance.
But
the
successfully, without
anj^ other
yellow-
largely over
tobacco
the
industry
has
greatly progressed
and
light has
and
new
come
past decade,
the
art
of
perfect
curing.
extended
through
during-
experience
further
to
The
following- is given
tobacco
:
House
tobacco
l)arnfor
two
degrees,
advance
as
heat
remain
the
This
is
and
hastens
sliorf
to the
yellowing
"limbering
of
be
heat, by
water
ui""
duration,
few
a
the
curing-
wariuing
125
of
tobacco"
dampei-s,
and
as
then, by
otf the
ratinnale
the
opens
facilitates
surface,
or
heat
to 90 degrees.
The
expansion,
tK)
abovit
letting the
cut
descend
the
up
degrees"
minutes,
barn
the
of
cells
sap
evapoi-ation
process.
of high heat
process,
else great
or
the
"sapping."
called
The
to
up
scalding
of the
after
temperature
a
rapidly
turning
temperature
the
at
degrees only
fires and
the
starts
heat
without
generally
and
hours,
the
is this:
process
cut, and
as
soon
three
or
at 135
let the
This
as
it will bear
high
and
in
"
the
drawing
tlic latest improvements
as
at the
Avill be
injury
start, must
to the
done
tobacco.
this mode
is greatly shortyellowing process
four to eight hours
less to yellow sufficiently,
cued, requiring from
the second
and also hastens
stage of curing, fixing the
Following
the
color.
It is well
character
be
can
of tobacco
less time
than
will
during
l)rocess
1884,was
some
commenced
that
many
leaf
cured
general practice
The
determines
yellowed
Some
the
and
of the
would
held
tobacco
rule
no
to all.
The
amount
is
color
spoil both
of heat
little sap
so
this
But
will
when
at 100 degrees, and
yellowing
be
the
the
and
for
exceptional,
and
tobacco.
borne
tobacco
ripe,
had
in
greatlj-
mind,
will
require to
be
cured.
patented
fines
easily controlled, and
be necessary
both, as may
is
Carolina
the
in
that
applicable
North
thei-efore, it must
season,
localities
process
western
fifty hours.
in
difference
a
yellow in
in middle
that grown
Vii-giuia. Then
in the yellowing
bear higher temperature
than in others.
Notably the season
years
dry and
so
great
in different
grown
and
of middle
again, tobacco
of
is so
given for the yellowing
tobacco
much
there
that
to state
the
are
so
tobacco
in
32
the
that
constructed
smoked
yellowing
or
the
heat
steamed,
stage.
or
Some
pale yellowish
The
main
gi'cen,
of
cause
the
as
the
in the
change
changed
chlorophyl" the
to xanthrophyl.
CHANGES
IN
the
to
plants get ready
coloring
color
m.-itter
TOBACCO
the
of
the
knife.
leaves
is dne
lor
in
leaves"
INDUCED
BY
beinji'
FLUE
CURING.
The
of
temperature
30 to 36 hours
vinder
the
leaf
expands
evaporation
the
on
the
hy
the
color
In
nia
the
apple
ripening
yelloAving
so
advancing
of
extent
advanced
long
continued,
the
the
regulate
Avhile
the
of
color
is
sap
the
accumulation
the
leaves
hot
dry air
the
experienced
more
to
of
"the
or
hot
too
what
Proper
than
And
leaf, without
coloring,
disto
the
heat
too
To
it in
the
is
will
so
leal'
the
ence
sci-
is'produced
and
sweating
well
or
from
no
as
as
the
heat, is
to
or
is
of
current
up"
absorb
it is evolved.
as
tion
fermenta-
by
catch
stage
of
''barn-rot."
or
necessary
as
occurs,
incipient
''pole-sweat"
sponging,
the
will take
fast
the
ventilation
caiised
indicates
enable
inadecpiate
sweating"
surface
of
surface
condition
the
by oxidation
"house-b\irn,"
as
this
by the draft
to the
will
is
process,
the
to
ventilation
whenever
be
curing
heaf
it results
For,
there
thrown
ventilation,
too
and
dried,
the
whenever
knows
curer
long continued,
is called
a
But
brown.
fix
leaf
by the
the
dry air induced
"Sijonging"
the
so, if the
into
and
during
sa]), driven
absorb.
moisture
in
fermentation
and
the
drying
tobacco.
rapidly
l)roperly adjusted,
the
sometimes
And
it.
fades
and
of
dried.
leaf,
11'
Noav,
oxidation
catch
to
as
Aentilation.
imperfect
color
amnu)-
properties
is
adjusted
"sweating*'
is termed
warm
leaf
the
curing
formed,
this stage
causes
expelled
being
tirst
apple
an
xanthyne.
organic
of
and
yellow
yellow
curing
What
into
till the
by heat
of
incipient
is
sugar
scalding" virtually cooking
properly
the
in
the
reddening
is not
at
produce
ripening
ing
act-
in the
at
slowly
temperature
rather
or
the
acids,
leaf, superinduced
whicli induce
in the
change
leaAcs"
oxidise
to
vegeta})le
changed
is preserved
leaf, the color
rapidly
the
is raised
not
as
surface, when
The
produced
chlorophyl
and
the
pear.
changes
of
slight fermentation,
sap
of color
for
continue"l
to
after
or
Fahr.
albumenoids,
agencies
or
temperature
process,
and
change
a
chemical
evolved
the
somewhat
causes
the
stages"
starts
in earnest.
reasons
a
the
induces
starch, glucose
same
of
tobacco,
commences
and
pear,
degrees
to
cells and
slight fermentation"
or
1(X)
W)
to
so
dry
the
and
fix
the
the
thereby
the
injure
and
ammonia
lea\es
of
in
inducing
e\
aporation
tobacco
pale
a
will
but
the
the
and
evolving- and
bite the
which
ex-
killed
tobacco
respects-
the
in
do
tongue,
the
and
of
heat
heat
and
and
dening
red-
etfects
why
or
and
sponging
and
this
monograi)ii
short
and
changes
the
why
chemical
the
oxidizing
sweating
reads
luulerstand
occur
leaf,
prevent
who
one
of the
rationale
color
green
of
nothing-
know
the
or
every
better
niorphoscs
for
is
oil
vegetable
acids
properly adjusted
thereof, or that induces
wherefore:
CURED.
flavor.
unscientitic'i)lantermay
constituents
the
other
in
damaged
seriously
lixing- in the
Tlie
color
ItiO deji-rees" and
of
"life"
the
thei-efore
of
IS
IT
above
much
150"
above
l"elled,and
and
is raised
teniperaturc
tobacco
some
fashionable
AFTER
TOBACCO
SPOIL
DON'T
If
is the
market,
to
whicli
slis"litgTecncolor,
a
stock.
fancy
for
it is sent
before
disappears
with
e-incd
.Tol)iH'(-o
color,
yellow
meta-
therefor.
reasons
ORDERING.
the
If, after
the
them
lea\es
on
copiously;
little
tire
to
use
to
use
the
\vet
weather
that
afternoon,
is very
and
will
made
the
will
there
tobacco
is cool,
and
damp
same
necessit"'
no
it is necessary
to
in
them
apply
the
removed
be
the
making
the
b(;
when
may
over
phere
atmos-
the
ansAver
it is best
tobacco,
in
will
But
Ava'.er
weather
assist
so,
water.
or
dry
if the
and
is damp,
to order
means
sprinkle
flues
or
straw, brush
either
any
the
in
Straw,
If the
purpose.
tobacco
bushes
green
and
little moisture,
it nia."- be
moxed,
Place
:
dry and
remains
be
way
floor
the
if the
kindled
soft.
tobacco
following
over
but
contains
a
in the
in order
brought
weather
it can
gvt soft readilj-, so that
it fails to
with
is'cured, the
tol"acco
next
morning.
If the
that
weather
continues
dried
out
build
small
Avill
hanging
remains
by flues
or
warm
be
charcoal.
fires at first,and
to
apt
When
raise
rainy, tobacco
color,
change
this
the
or
becomes
heat
unless
necessary,
gradnally.
*
STRIPPING.
Tobacco
in
should
i)lial)leorder,
carefully
be
never
and
assorted,
the
and
stripped
leases
every
on
from
the
every
grade
tied
stalks
plant
up
except
should
be
sei)arately.
there
risually
to
referenee
fast
as
j'ou
five
to
each
the
cok)r
if
that
be
broken
sell
to
design
spring
the
leaf
rebulked,
hang
soon,
and
strike
in
the
if
"safe
It
unless
you
order"
order"
half
to
soft.
too
"safe-keeping
crack
on
it must
warm
up
in
will
stem
latter
loose,
stripped,
as
layers,
frequently
becomes
down
two
order
hung
As
ten.
The
watch
or
six
tie
to
in
winter
It is considered
pliable, and
is
in
soon
leaf
outward.
bulk
as
up
down
down
and
svnumer.
or
bulked
If the
to
always
sell
heat.
aired
up,
i,s safer
in
not
it does
see
to
If
floors.
warehouse
bulk
witli
stieks-twenty-
on
facing
intend
you
Of
eight
lug-s
"hands"
or
up
assorted
leaf,
lug-s.
of
the
bundles
or
of
and
hang
hang
hands
of
two
bundle,
and
of
grades
size, and
a
stiek
is best,
the
and
strij), either
heads
mode
three
be
in
leaves
eight
to
will
when
down
the
piles" such
will
way
tie.
I'ACKING.
.sell loose,
If you
and
costless,
in
the
taking
net,
-to
care
if
but
length;
in
grade
the
always
certainly
will
go
place
four
hundred
tobacco
The
each
strips
so
to
of
The
more
honestly,
List,"
and
it,
for
hand.
color
and
than
one
to
between
for
"nests"
who
the
in
straAv
or
paper
man
"Black
put
make
bruise
in
uniform
tierce,
^ell
wanted
is
shaken
to
pounds
to
as
leaf
best
when
Pack
them.
the
on
about
necessary
policy.
best
hogsheads
the
it becomes
But
price.
half
easily
in
in
tierces"
weigh
open
separate
and
mark
luiiform
more
together.
only
tierce,
a
in
press
it must
grade
one
to
closely
and
wrappers,
Pack
cheapest
it too
pack
or
pack
not
large
bring
market,
and
best
in
tobacco
yoia-
distant
a
deliver
honesty
his
tobacco
have
buyers
is
good
memories.
If
ha\
e
the
selling
of
at
a
satisfaction
less
for
this
cast
of
it, although
for
piiee
l)lant less
better,
than
raise
much
if we
less
fertilizer
would
of
cost
makes,
surface,
and
get
as
than
a
th("
]iandle"l,
least,
rule,
we
best
stock
The
production.
grades
low
can
compass.
and
culti\ate
prices.
will
you
remunerating
a
nondescript
heavier,
the
niceJu
and
at
getting,
i)oor
the
country
to
t"("u)i(l
is.^/fe,
tobacco
your
be
may
world
plenty,
side
out-
and
We
must
and
age
man-
RESUME.
The
is taken
following-
Major
from
of
svibstauce
and
Is the
plant
thrives
Ragiand,
prepared
circvilar
a
for
"boiled
manual
his
by
me
down."
The
tobacco
soil, and
fiftieth
the
adaptation
Beyond
responds
types
properly
Soils
type.
stock.
dark,
rich
adapted
a
subsoil
is
White
whiter
the
sand
character
attainable
to the
and
the
;
and
right
the
and
no
product
the
red
a
expoi-t
liglit-l)iown
or
of sweet
fiats
retl
a
rich
dark,
the
rich
and
overlaying
and
fillers
the
produce
successfully
best
on
groAvn
For
smokers
yellow^ wrappers,
slaty top-soil with a yellowish
land
the
the
each
for
is most
(luality
for
Avhen
soil
production
must
of
indication
the
The
type.
the
soil
right selection
planters
and
and
its
toor-
affects
is
success
both
of
porous
finer
greatly
that
and
and
of
so
products,
plat planted,
the
; and
a
dry
loamy
be
cold
and
svu-er
yellow
where
is made
ariety
suited
The
therein,
only
rich
close, clammy
than
)j)gh adaptation
\
or
tillage
handled.
vials
soil.
"liigh
requires
thereto,
soil, with
burley
preferable.
rather
yond
be-
to
ful
wonder-
most
a
bountifully,
deep,
to
sandy
gray,
warm,
tlie
thorough
and
A
Alhi
limestone
cutters,
and
adapted
sandy
or
tobaccos.
cigar
tobacco
or
cured
Types."
gravelly
stemming
eiiuator
the
from
grown,
subsoil, is best
subsoil, is best
"
soils
on
to
brown
A
crop
readily
moi-e
adapted
Avelbdrained
warm,
latitude, showing-
manui-ing
ciiltivated,
dark
or
field
heavy
planted
are
rich,
a
climate.
other
i. e.,
in
grown
of
parallel
to
any
farming,"
crop
successfully
be
can
best
soil
do
and
well
to
hq^'d this suggestion.
Varieties
Suited
Iting," nothingJames
For
Kiver
sweet
uiing
and
:
has
fillers
Hyco,
and
Tuckahoe,
Yellow
Sweet
Broad
Yellow
Hester,
Yellows
Long
Yellow
yellow
Gooch,
For
Hester,
and
Gold
Yellow
Leaf.
Oronoko,
White-stem
Prior.
steui-
Tuckahoe
Primus,
wi-appers
"ship-
following:"
Medley
wrappers:
Yellow,
Leaf
the
and
Gooch,
Flanagan
For
Granville
to
Flaiiagan,
and
Oronoko,
rich
dark,
Beat-All
mahogany
White-stem
Primus,
or
Leaf
Prior,
For
superior
Oronoko
For
Granville
Prior.
found
been
and
Oronoko.
cutters:
Sterling,
:
Leaf
Hobgood,
Tt/prs"
Prior, Lacks
Blue
Long
Big
Pi-ior
for the Several
and
ahoe,
TuckFor
Sillvy
fillers
Oronoko,
Oronoko
and
:
Ti-lal will (leterniine what
to the
unsiiited
failure
is best
for
To
variety is best for all locations.
one
no
as
variety
type,
is to invite
soil unartaptert thereto,
on
or
locality
any
plant varieties
time.
every
The
leading-cigar varieties are
Seed
and
Leaf, Imported
Cleneral
Grant, Bradley Broad
Connecticut
:
Amei'ican
Leaf
vania
Pennsyl-
and
Grown
and
Havana,
several
Spanish
Strains.
Start
Ri(jht." The
suited
to the
arieties
\
time,
beds
on
successful
further
them
the
in.
1st of
the
and
better
the
by the
in
Etc."
No
of
manure.
either
the
conunercial
material
The
usual
three
feet
feet
thiee
tog-ether
domestic
when
three
four
to
and
set the
the
leaf
inches
plants
wide"
the
Burley
and
to
drills
them
use
is
best, or
drilling-the
for
planting.
run
the
facilitate
to
in hills or
to
and
land
rows
through
feet ten
two
Tobacco
Cigar
and
tobacco.
which
types,
rich
finer
domestic
it is best
comjiost
preparing
White
apart.
in
so
made
under
broadcast
manure
practice is,for
rultivation"
that
of
put in fine
and
successfullj' used
are
Jul"-,
crop
naturallj'
Both
tle
lit-
crop.
paying-
increased
materially
but
1st of
i)repared and
is
deeji
ing
transplant-
other
or
a
soil
too
reiiuire
after
grow
thoroughly
application
by applying
c-
To
e.vi)erience has demonstrated
conjiinction"
tobacco
field peas
manured.
manures
will
feet
thoroughly
are
ready for
i)lants be
no
seeds
beds
of
ouiice
one
soil Avith the
the
seed
15th
ble.
prefera-
of
rate
the
buries
Plant
be
is not
product
conunercial
the
cover
January
at the
directed, they
May.
heavily
be
that
of
warm
from
sown
of
firm
If the
FreiJfDations, Manurinu,
tilth and
Sow
Raking
as
soil must
be
month
the missing- hills with
tobacco, the
fertilized"
and
may
yards, and
attention, and
fill up
And
seed
later.
sow
canvassed
after
soon
seeds
sow
slopes preferred -and
germination.
and
land
prepare
then
raise, and
prepared
latitvide
100 stjuare
lightly brush
nuuuired
and
canvas.
north,
the
to
select
for the types specitied, in g-ood
to 10th of March"
of seed
but
herein
of 37" north
Further
for
to
soiitheastern
thin
with
Decemoer
or
purposes
thoroughly
and
South
should
recommended
southern
beds
type he
planter
is
to
set
loser.
("ult ivat ion."
Commence
jjlanted plants have
fifteen
plow
across
cultiv ation
taken
root, which
daj'S after setting out, and
and
the
Frequent
hoe
rows;
e\
ery
after
two
which
cultivation, when
the hand
the
38
soon
will
continue
until
weeks
as
the
hoe
plant is
be
as
the
trans-
in from
ten
to
to stir the soil with
lea\
alone
yoiuig,
es
begin
must
tends
to
lap
be used.
to pro-
rriotc rapid
and
vigorous
ripening, essential
of cultivation
mode
Any
and
to the
similar
verj'
and
g'rowth, early development,
yield and ({ualityof the product.
for
which
the
cabbage
Different
soils re(iuire different
therefore
the
fixed
rules
soils and
be
can
the
of the
judgment
of
and
will
crop,
utensils
and
suit
guide
planter must
The
preclude
seasons
thorough,
tobacco.
cultivation,
ullj' followed.
successf
vicissitude
is frequent
him,
and
no
as
of
diversity
fixed
any
line
of
action.
Pruniiiu
Topiniiy. -So
and
sufiicieut
otf the
small
inches
up
the
of
ground
and
to the
leaves
the
plant
yellow
and
plants shall
makes
have
tained
at-
is discernible, prune
dark
export
pinch out the
to
type
seed-bud,
plant, the
number
the
soil.
An
the
richest
fertility of
the
to
the
on
the
as
seed-button
leaves
lower
eight to ten leaves
according
the
size and
from
soon
left
and
ing
leav-
varying
of
average
most
six
nine
saleable
product.
For
the
to prune,
but
them
cure
lower
types it is best not
leaves
they
as
and
ripen
smokers.
Burley
to fifteen
manufacturing
the
to gather
for
White
other
and
leaves
tobacco
Cigar
to the
be
may
ten
topped leaving
plant.
and
horn
Wormuig
Suckeriinj."The bud
must
worms
from
the
their
make
carefully picked
plants as they
pearance,
apto
the
The
or they will inflict great
damage
crop.
and
be
former
is most
the
topped;
if these
destructive
latter
in two
comes
the
destroyed,
are
(their second
Various
modes
for
resorted
to, but
early
and
before
in
quantity
August
be
are
as
ber,
Septem-
and
greatly
and
sviccessfully
so
plants
broods, the first in June, and
will
appearance),
worms
destroying
none
the
moth
curtailed.
have
been
hand-picking
and
killing.
will sprout
Suckers
the
length
Cnttinu and
of color"
mottled
yellow
surface
of the
White
as
pulled
off
inches.
fast
as
If
plant and
after
the
and
for the
they
as
permitted
detract
leaf assuming
green
to
from
leaves.
a
folded
open
yellowish and
and
appearance"
leaf will crack
and
the
of the commercial
B,ipe tobacco
graining and thickening of the leaf
finger when
Burley
indicated
three
juices of the
of the
by the
change
and
and
stalk
Housing."
is known
thvniib
be
the
sap
richness
size and
type
of leaf and
must
two
of
longer they
grow
the
axils
these
topped, and
Ijlantsare
attain
at the
on
when
pressure
leaf
and
sometimes
the
luider
between
the
over.
cigar tobacco
leaf types.
3y
are
harvested
not
so
ripe
Tobacco
I)lants,using
others
The
of Ct(,ri)tg."
Modes
dried
log barns
in
when
i|iiestionof time
the
imparts
the
and
But
or
wire.
for
cured
only
a
curing
sote
Creo-
also.
type, and
taste
the
of
unsmoked
air
and
favor
in
the
it is
this type
any
more
to fit
sticks
of
indispensable
for curing
qualities to
more
^ear
every
place
tires.
flue, so
used
desirable
no
wood
end
is still mainly
export type
open
type, will be
yellow
grows
dark
over
in the
twine
the
from
one
wired
upon
of the
spear
them
leaves, pulling
cotton
use
at
:
waj'S
middle
some
hollow
stringing thera
and
several
the
laths;
across
string- the
l)lants as they ripen
laths, while
in
arc
spear-like instrument
a
others
lath;
the
types
them
straddling'
and
stalks
.several
hung'
down
plants by s[)litting-thera
the
cut
Some
the
or
tobacco.
The
tiller is
sweet
the
yellow
of
use
The
by
and
sun
ward
after-
by flues.
cured
The
"lried
partially
and
wrapper
cutter
entirely by
is cured
type
flues.
white
cigar type and
Burley
cured
are
mainly
air-
by
drying.
To
specify
types would
different
limits
detail
every
all the
tobacco
No
than
crop
in the
grown
than
returns
tobacco
attention,
better
tobacco
JhdiiJliny Product
after
handled
except
the
hands
or
lower
too
should
stalks
color, length
are
when
for
in "order"
limp from
be
taken
or
and
from
as
the
stripiiing,
when
i. 6
the leaf
,
the
leaves
stripped
are
sticks, having
leaves"
to ten
and
together neatly
leaves
of "lugs""
five to
seven
to
reference
(piality, tieiug all such
ground
be
never
of moisture.
excess
assorted
should
"case""
or
ruined
are
in
handling
Tobacco
packing.
managed.
fine crops
careless
ones.
handsome
and
grown
timely
large
more
pay
is
crop
no
receive
crops
will
properly
and
that
profitable than
States
bundles, placing eight
or
mind
small
more
United
and
when
not
tobacco
and
in
bear
; that
bj^ rough
bulking
is pliant and
fiom
best' practice
and
dftcr Curing." Many
being cured
assorting,
All
latest
the
curing
greatly bej'ond the
for a future
cation
publi-
reserve
the
covering
plantei- should
exacting
and
therefore
of
modes
types.
The
more
we
several
this article
extend
assigned, and
information
of the
of leaf
into
rior,
infe-
in each
hand.
Tobacco
leaf
from
is
is in safe
pliant and
the
the large end.
order
stem
Packed
or
condition
dry and
in such
40
for
packing
will crack
when
half-way
condition, tobacco
the
down
"sweats
Seed
Tobacco
panicle
out
turn
the
stalk
double
the
on
of all their
top
is the
of the
force
relied
and
him
to
methods,
only
while
in the
seed
his
or
plants trimmed
four
at
however^
larger"
are
of
formation
the
of the
most
process,
capsules
to
will
capsules,
seed
pruning
seed
after
grown
the
the
fewer
seeds
such
grow
thus
when
improved
he
challenges
no
grown,
for
tition.
compe-
method"
his
has
one
enables
seed
tobacco
except by
the
ments
imple,
raise
seeds
Farm"
invention
own
who
should
method.
and
of his
any
old
and
of Hijco Seed
new
usmg
with
quality,
the
proprietor
(lualiln of his
and
one"
essential
every
of them
price
can
one
proper
He,
in
some
in
No
The
Grower"
compete
market,
bear
every
of
Tobacco-Seed
Pumeer
only three
is directed
long experience of
The
and
yield, over
for by it the
with
classed
be
never
remain
seed.
reliable
more
are
and
i. ".,
buck-wheat,
be more
surely
higher vitality,which
may
transmit
their peculiar good qualities. Seed thus
to
upon
grown
in
plant
seed
with
capsules
quantity
mode,
proper
whole
to
to bear
like
saved
allowed
thyrsi
lower
allowed
ones
and
grown
the
cated
dupli-
ever
prices.
to sell the
therefore, claims
best
and
Hixburg,
Sir:
the
at
lowest
price.
Co., Va.
Appomattox
Chemicals
five tons
upon
my
of sixty thousand
tobacco
hills.
I have
heretofore
used
crop
from
five tons
three
of high
to
and
I never
priced Guanos,
made
than
I have
made
this year
with
a better
crop
any
year
I fallowed
the chemicals.
and
a
good deal of land for wheat
six tons
that
of Chemicals.
Jised upon
is
said
wheat
My
crop
Dear
for
acted
much
pleased
long
as
me,
looking
be
to
"
as
wishing
Yours
is to hand
better
with
they
know
to
noted.
how
I
Powell's
used
than
the
will
and
do
in the neighborhood.
other
any
Chemicals
and
will continue
to use
well for me.
so
Yours
truly,
D.
^VM.
Cumberland
Sir:"
Dear
of
I
Powell's
bought
enough
one
Spring for Tobacco, to make
it side by side with
used
that
a fertilizer
quantity to the
per ton, putting the same
last
.see
no
your
difference
Chemicals.
in the
tobacco.
I am
Yours,
"c.,
Cunningham
Dear
never
Sir
had
fertilizers
very
R.
HIX.
Co., Ya.
cals
Chemifertilizer.
I
fiftydollars
Prepared
of
ton
cost
me
acre
of each.
much
Y.
I could
pleased
with
LANCASTER.
Store, Person
Co., N.
last year
Chemicals
tobacco
:" I used
on
your
better result
from
or
anj' Peruvian
guano
any
in my
it again.
life and
I expect
to use
Yours,
I am
them
RO.
B.
C.
and
other
BASS,
I
MEER TOBACCO-SEED
FIIRM,
I
THE
For
BEST
Every
VARIETIES
of
Type
Tobacco.
PEDIGRE;E
SKEDS,
continuous
by
and
shoots
and
of
is
It
the
be
to
our
the
S T E
i-^5f^^5=
cigars.
of extra
found
1. 1 N
G."
The
newest
of
the
yellow
and
being
is
the
earliest
in
surest
to
localities
quality.
and
A
Mild
types,
early frosts.
to
fine and
for
Suited
be
may
silky. Yields
texture
manufacturing
relied
to
upon
ripen
or
with
new
in
favorite
flavor
and
;
early fine and
adapted
fine Brights
makes
or
mi
!d
fillers.
LEAF
LONG
Gooch.
"bright and
or
Leaf
GOOCH."
One
Broad
LACKS."
Jesup
of
scarce.
PRIOR."
to several
Leaf
and
New
SPOTTED
colory
fine
rapidly
Grows
Sterling.
be
can
1)rightest
liable
large, fibres
Leaves
big crops
seeds
^_
"
PRIMUS."
the
following:
R
ripen,
_^
"^
~~
in
uniform-
but
none
better
type;
to
production.
own
and
and
crop.
None
than
a
sired
de-
type
insure
to
offer
We
the
variety
one
field,
the
select
to
to
\
^^'^^dJu^KMrS^^'^s.same
/"^^^^Mk^^^^ ^^ ity in
to
ity.
highest vital-
produced,
plf'ut only
*
crown
true
essential
variety suited
H
the
on
grown
tion,
selec-
only, warranted
name
yj^^^'j/riiw^^umum^
proved
im-
elastic
Beat-All
of the
very
leaf, tough
;
in
on
some
dark
larger and
best
for
fine
fibre.
soils, rich
localities.
43
the
and
Good
finer
than
the
Round
manufacturing
On
gray
gummy.
and
soils
Known
reliable.
types.
cures
as
favorite
with
per
pound.
planters who
many
hundred
earliest
A
first-class
])referable
STEM
which
it
in some
Gourd
stock.
no
has
It
A
size, shape,
itself
wider
a
over
of
a
more
wrapper.
Yellow
easiest
of
well.
A
desirable
and
texture
in
Oronoko.
and
are
all
ferred
pre-
grown.
cured
yellow.
Hj'brid
Oronoko
variety.
Granville
and
fine
makes
cigar
ripens early.
bility
greater adapta-
it has
latitude
than
this score,
N.
county,
and
color,
this, that
on
may,
possessing
types
of soils
range
and
variety'. Greatly
finest
and
greatly
varieties, and
yellow
the
new
It recommends
New
the
sells
beautiful
per
excellent
the
and
for
variety, originated in
superior for the yellow type,
A
has
where
flavor
I,eaf.
HESTER."
and
most
a
50
dollars
respect.
perfection
From
variety, and
new
texture, good
and
the
and
localities
A
HYCO."
the
a
dollars
ripen.
in every
varieties
ORONOKO."
resembles,
and
variety
fine-
extra
to
20
selling for several
to mature
older
the
I^eaf long and
WHITE
C,
of
to most
from
average
lots
the
TUCKAHOR."
Fine
select
pounds,"
Among
body.
YKIvIvOV.'." a superb variety,and
COUNTY
(jj^XnyihhH
of
other
any
considered
be
the
surest.
YElJvOW
for
more
of
production
GOOCH.
the
Yellow
yellow stock.
new
variety
A
"
and
fiftyyears,
than
reliable
A
ORONOKO."
of
great
a
yellow variety, grown
with
improved
has
but
Oronoko,
old
excellence.
larger leaf;
a
reference
a
the
to
Resembles
splendid
facturing
manu-
sort.
YElvI,OW
PRIOR.
where
other
SWEET
yellow
for
favorite
the
sun-cured,
when
the
by
many
fail.
The
best
is
West
Natural
wherever
localities.
some
for brights, and
first-class
for
"Homespun"
in
Oronoko
sorts
Used
ORONOKO"
makes,
Little
Preferred
"
giving
plug fillers, and
I^eaf. A
Chewing
known.
Makes
ceeds
suc-
it preference.
Known
as
Filler
Eastern
an
unsurpassed.
greatly used
It is a
for
making
variety of
sweet
Old
the
Henry
fillers and
Sweet
Va.,
county,
mahogany
with
Oronoko,
is
and
wrappers.
broader
leaves
finer texture.
and
EIG
a
in
Originated
FlyANAGAN."
large, broad,
wrappers
BIA'E
has
variety and a good, tried
finely-shaped leaf, and for strips
An
ORONOKO."
no
-The
shipper, superior
seventy
to
genuine
the
ago,
and
and
River
Blue
Prior.
Kentucky
is
a
favorite.
James
-Originated
PRIOR.
years
one.
Has
dark
equal.
PRIOR.
MEDIvEY
old
general
in Halifax
favorite
county,
with
Rich
Ya., about
planters
who
grades. When
highest price
the
it commands
cured,
and
frown
Continental
and
English
the
ffow
properly
a"ship-
for
oer."
manufacturing
export,
.ypes"
popular variety for
and
cigars. A good,
several
A
IvEAF."
BROAD
BRADIvEY
reliable
variety.
Df this
kind.
indispensable
PENNSYI^VANIA
The
kinds.
best
largest, finest and
The
I^EAF."
SEED
CONNECTICUT
carefully selected.
seed-stock
Every
SEED
LEAF."
grown
in
and
Gessner
famous
the
best
other
rior
supe-
I^ancaster
county
iistrict.
GRANT."
GENERAI^
kinds
popular
for
-elied upon
variety.
cents
30
-A
Turkish
Superior
flavor.
and
variety
and
may
30 cents
"direct.
tobacco.
30 cents
heavy
planting
for
the
Retail
where
Brazilian
and
drought
or
odor
strain
delightful,
climated.
ac-
aromatic
ounce,
seed
seed"
Vuelto
for
American
Havana
de
Abajo"
Planters.
Cuban
or
seed-leaf.
delightful flavor
ripen. Will make
of iine texture,
to
and
mature
South, whilst
in the
high latitudes.
DEFY
the earliest
two
crops
its earliness
The
best
price,
by
otherwise
$1.
By
varieties,
stamps
$2.
taken
the
No
for
from
it most
makes
Americanized
Havana
COMPETITION
mail,
stated
A
and
Selection,Qualityand Price of
for
two
and
heat
to
hnported
Hybrid
W"
In
promising
very
leaves
finest
per
imported
A
cropper,
desirable
be
may
ounce.
per
cigar variety
one
from
HAVANA."
BIG
cents
30
than
stands
cigars
excellent
Better
A
stock.
topped
The
Grown
HAVANA."
.
year
and
Muscatel,
which
and
BRA^IIJAN-AMERICAN."
pipe-smoking
every
ounce.
per
Makes
demand
twenty-five
very agreeable
possesses-a
be
I^atakia,
to
the
cigar
most
ounce.
per
all others,
beyond
finest
the
in
more
than
and
finest, earliest
the
Grows
Finer
to make
HARBY.
more.
cigars.
ROSE""
PERSIAN
of
One
25
cents
; five
pound,
half
ounces
including
ounce
fractional
45
per
except
ounce,
of
more
sold,
of
a
riety
va-
one
any
not
packets
parts
Seeds.
our
than
age
post-
dollar.
Remittances
Express
Bank
or
and
Order
made
be
may
Check
Express
J^"Wholesale
by
FJastern
"
Exchange
Office, South
Boston,
permission,
by
Refez's,
PLANTERS
Halifax
PLANTERS
of
I^~T.
prepared
the
W.
WOOD
to
furnish
lowest
Only
testimonials
TOP
TIP
my
Ragland's
PREPARED
fact,
this
BONE
not
are
one
so
fall
Richmond,
on
of
last
much
my
and
FERTILIZER
for
for
herein
Tobacco
Powell's
spring.
pleased
and
never
results
than
Powell's
me
used.
as
at
"
POWELL'S
well
so
known,
Store, Buchingham
Prepared
I made
Va.
,
Chemicals
fine crop
its action
that
with
Co
upon
of tobacco
five
I used
a
;
my
in
tons
wheat.
kinds,
have
used
any
Chemicals
of the
any
that
FORBES.
H.
I
have
with
has
been
using
different
many
given
me
better
Chemicals.
Prepared
Strickler, Timl)erville,
P.
of space
the
are
Catlett's
C. W.
Hazen,
Station, Va., says:
fertilizers for 25 years
experimented
; have
Mr.
ai-e
Retail,
want
JAMES
Prepared
Va.,
and
necessarj-.
ton
crop
was
and
Carolina.
Wholesale
Seeds,
Gary's
used
tobacco
North
given
are
CHEMICALS
they really
I
Boston,
MEN
Seedsmen,
SONS,
South
TOBACCO
and
Virginia
of
and
prices.
few
a
Va.
BANK
both
the
to
".
plication.
ap-
on
Covinty,
MERCHANTS
BANK,
generally
and
Va.,
Trade
the
to
and
BOSTON
SOUTH
preferred. Money
and
Hyco,
Letter
Va.
Warehousemen
to
rates
Order, Registered
P. O.
Va., says
and
largely,
high-priced
they
:
I have
have
fertilizers
used
done
I
liave
Powell's
as
well
for
heretofore
F.
Tip Top
.
EsQ
CLARK,
HENRY
owell's
well
for
I ever
C.
JOHN
been
using
for tobacco
Powell's
Tip Top Bone
and
to
the acre,
lbs.
400
as
used.
the
In
to
since
good
fertilizer
it.
I
:"
use
results
averaged
crop
have
I
1S82.
following
the
give
best
use
Va., says
Grove,
Fertilizer
1G82, my
year
it the
continue
to
expect
Esq., Laurel
CHANEY,
experience.
my
I
think
it and
with
pleased
I was
.Tops.
for tobacco
;"
says
and
made
tobacco,
used
I
Va.,
Ringgold,
,
Fertilizer
Bone
$24.80
the
which
$25.55, and
crop,
1883, it averaged
per
at least
think
I
will,
finished
1 gave
I30.00
average
curing,
just
The
raised.
I
have
finest
ever
the
"Tip
it
being
crop
per cwt.,
without
I
used,
have
ever
is
regard
as
as
good
an}^ guano
Top"
In
cwt.
and
price,
to
farming.
used
recommend
almost
it to
I have
I can
all
kinds
my
neighbors.
since
have
I
been
15th, 18S8.
Hyco, Va., Nov.
Baltimore, Md.
used
for tobacco
Fertilizer
was
Sir:" Your
Dear
"Tip Top"
that
last
old
the
an
field,
this year"
to
acre"
on
produced
350
of
ing
beacre
than
bushels
corn
less
quality,
seven
poor
per
year
well
in
off
of
The
tobacco
nubbins.
a
spite
grew
largely
of
fine
duration
leaf
of
weeks
good
size,
fairly
;
eight
drought
S. Powell,
W.
Mr.
and
texture
yellowed
during September
good quality.
the
on
and
that the
It is notorious,
that many
for tobacco
results
and
than
A
obtained
Fertilizers
used
higher priced
used
and
fresher
on
I've
and
used
never
better
Tobacco
a
that
report
and
other
of several
therewith"
standard
the
soil.
Fertilizer
satisfactory
more
to
favorable
competition
of them
having
all
most
experienced,
Tip Top,
any
the
was
ever
were
and
of
unfavorable
and
it is
its action
satisfactory
brands
of
many
of
advantage
them
being
with
old land
better
on
from
realized
Tip Top
will not only use it again,
others.
L.
R.
truly,
Yours
rains
color
mahogany
more
than
results
this year,
the
considering
season,
it to
but confidently recommend
or
,
from
in
were
cured
and
past season
planters
high praise to the
proved decidedly
deservedly
of continued
in defiance
hill
October,
RAGLAND.
in what
Major Ragland says of the Tip Tod, and
it to be a most
fertilizer for Tobacco.
excellent
It certainly
acted
old land
this year
well
under
unfavorable
on
very
conditions.
for Major R. L. Ragland.
E. F, COLE,
Manager
of Major R. L- Ragland.
Tenant
P. TOFTIS,
J.
I
We
concur
believe
Brook
*
with
They
''I
*
glad
Tip Top
am
your
saj' it has
ipreferit
to
any
Neal, Campbell
saj^ that
to
Fertilizer, used
Bone
the
Co., Ya.,
farmers
are
the
right
Fertilizer
is Tip
used."
and
name
they
last
ever
Nov.
8th, 1888.
highly pleased
season
Top,
on
and
tobacco.
that
INlilton,Ky., Nov.
We
are
all
Fertilizer.
com
been
land,
pleased
My
and
raising
Fertilizer
was
with
son
and
have
an
tobacco
the
Tobacco
myself
used
crops
1%
tons
grown
six
on
with
acres
extra
crop
for
6th.
your
com-
land
or
; have
any
year
last
with
raised
; my
crop
years
your
in two
counties"
the buyers say.
so
for
best
the
they
20
L.
M.
WOOD.
P(JWELL'S
Ci
TIP
TOP'
B( )NE
hly
the
of crop
a
and
complaint
combine
Fertilizer
best
thoroughly
BONE
TOP
TIP
I'OWElvIv'S
FERTILIZ
tried for the
on
all
In
its
essential
is
nnqucstu
of," it has l
I kuow
twelve
styles of land
of it.
all the
FERTIUZER
for all crops
past
ER.
on
years
; and
nearly
far, I have
so
preparation, it
has
been
not
niy
of plant life in such
elements
1
every
h"
aiu
pro
readilj'assimilate to the growing pi
in the
tob;
it is strong and
quick-acting. For Tobacco"
and
it
Carolina
North
sections
of Virginia,
Kentucky"
great favorite, and equally so in the grain sections of the I
it always dry and in good condil
die States.
I aim to have
in using Tip Top.
Where
ordi:
farmer can
no
wrong
go
with
an
fertilizers have
application o
given satisfaction
safe
in
I
feel
a smaller
recommending
q
pounds to the acre,
:;
titv of Tip Top.
tions
as
to make
them
I
v^-
^^mhinEMl^
EIL
A
CO.,
FRS.,
BALTIMORE.