1. hobbies and interests
2. inventors and patents

UNITED
STATES
PATENT
LAW.
INSTRUCTIONS
How to Obtain LettersPatent
FOR
INCLUDING
A
UULES
AND
PATENTS
INVENTIONS:
NEW
VARIETY
;
USEFUL
OF
PRACTICE
OF
How
TO
ASSIGNMENTS
INFORMATION
FOREIGN
SECURK
AND
;
TOGETHER
AND
DESCRIPTIONS
OF
STEAM-EXGINK,
PUBLISHED
No.
37
BY
MUNN
CO.,
SCIENTIFIC
No.
37
ETC.
OF
AT
THE
AMERICAN,
r"A.rtK
1874.
PATENTS,
New-Yoik.
Bow,
i
THE
LEMS,
PROB-
SOLICITORS
Park
DENSING
CON-
THE
TABLES,
ETC.,
CO,,
FOR
GRAVINGS
EN-
MENTS,
MOVE-
VALUABLE
"
THE
SELL
TO
FORMS
:
WITH
AND
MECHANICAL
CALCULATIONS,
MUNN
How
;
PATENTS
LICENSES
PRINCIPAL
CONCERNING
PATENT-OFFICE
TIIK
ROW.
OFFICE
OF
THE
ENTERED,
according
to
of
Act
MUNN
in
tbe
Clerk's
Office
of
the
Southern
"nd
18
W.
Jacob
of
of
New-
GREEN',
Str""t.
the
year
1865,
by
CO.,
Court
District
S.
16
"
District
in
Congress,
Xev
the
York.
United
States
for
th?
HOW
INVENT.
TO
F
the
asked
wore
we
point out
life,business, or
of
course
to
enterpriseupon which any man
of ordinary gifts might enter,
the
with
speedy
best
success,
should
we
him
direct
and
Many
have
genius.
modern
is
of invention
have
been
has
yet
world
vention.
in-
wonderful
But
of
the realm
absolutely exonly its
haustless, and
edges
hesitatingly
un-
to
the achievements
been
of
prospects
outer
explored.
to
witness
The
the
matter.
astounding triumphs of mind over
It is a popular error
that much
to suppose
knowledge,
some
Weariand
painful effort,constant
disappointment,
many
or's
failures are
the necessary
preliminaries to an inventmost
True, there
success.
kind
;
they
It may
make
of
of
examples
this
exceptions.
are
affirmed
be
money
of
individual
are
the
as
general rule, that
inventors
penditure
easily,and with less exquickly, more
thought, capital,or labor, than any other class
more
men.
It may
also
affirmed
be
speculations which
introduction
of
readiest
supply
to
the
the
inventor
your
seek
inventions
new
The
young
general laws
I istry,and
that
to
way
mind
can
invent
with
should
eyes and ears
how
to know
connected
are
investments
profitable
The
that
a
are
be
is to
among
enterprises and
development and
the most
sure
and
made.
keep thinking.
habits
Examine
the
with
constant
cultivate
open.
industrial
In
order
of subjects,
of observation.
Keep
succession
things
about
you,
and
made, and how improved.
inventor
should
acquire a knowledge of the
and
principles of natural
philosophy, chem-
all of
they
the
are
sciences.
MOST
INVENTIONS
SMALL
PROFITABLE.
might be occupied with drawing and
suggestive of improvements. To avoid waste
books
with
hours
Leisure
of
should
be
reproducing old devices, the inventor
posted in regard to inventions that have already been
in
time
well
patented.
For
attentive
this purpose,
an
will be almost
American
study of
The
entific
Sci-
indispensable.
the followinguseful remarks:
Journal makes
The Boston
invention
Of course, in order to succeed, a new
be
must
superiorto any thing that has preceded it,and must be sold
it to be brought into generaluse.
at a price that will enable
afford to throw away
old implements unless
People cannot
"
the
new
Let
inventors
and
ones
produce
will be
they
better
enough
are
a
at
good article,
IN
sure
a
loss.
price,
PROFITABLE.
MOST
official report of
an
up for the
moderate
of success."
INVENTIONS
SMALL
make
to
Chief
a
of the United
Examiner
"
A
Office,we find the following:
patent, if
it is worth
properly managed, is worth and
any thing,when
dollars.
can
easilybe sold for from ten to fiftythousand
These
remarks
only apply to patents of minor or ordinary
value.
They do not include such as the telegraph, the
worth
are
planing-machine, and the rubber
patents, which
States
Patent
millions
each.
few
obtained
man
straw-cutters, took
States,and
forty thousand
a
a
inventor
"Another
to
thresh
and
for
patent for
model
after
Western
with
of the
cases
first kind
will better
lustrate
il-
meaning.
my
"A
A
of his
a
obtained
in
the
of
extension
grain,and
thousand
slightimprovement
invention
through
eightmonths, returned
cash, or its equivalent.
tour
dollars in
clean
a
of
sold
dollars.
A
a
patent for
it,in about
a
chine
ma-
fifteen
third
obtained
a
sixty
and
thousand
refused
a printer's
ink,
fifty
dollars,
patent
and finallysold it for about
thousand
dollars.
sixty
of minor
These are ordinary cases
invention,embracing
months,
for
"
no
very
shows
considerable
inventive
and
dreds
hunof which
powers,
Office every year.
Experience
go out from the Patent
that the most
profitablepatents
little real
invention,and
very
of little value."
are
are
to
those
a
which
tain
con-
server
obsuperficial
HOW
TO
HOW
OBTAIN
PATENTS.
OBTAIN
TO
HE
PATENTS.
first
to
inquiry that presents itself
has made
ment
any improveis
Can
I obtain
discovery :
who
one
"
or
?"
Patent
a
A
answer
positive
by presentinga
only be had
complete applicationfor
can
Commissioner
the
to
Patent
a
of
Patents.
applicationconsists of a Model,
Drawings, Petition,Oath, and full |
Specification.Various officialrules
An
and
formalities
The
ter
a
served.
ob-
himself
Af-|
success.
of great
season
delay,be
the aid of
business
generallywithout
are
be
efforts of the inventor
all this
do
to
also
must
is
perplexityand
usually glad to seek
experienced in patent business, and have
over
again. The best plan is to solicit
all the
persons
work
done
proper
advice at the
beginning.
the inventor
parties consulted are honorable
men,
ther
safelyconfide his ideas to them ; they will advise whemay
the improvement is probably patentable,and will give
him all the directions needful to protect his rights.
ness
We
(MuxN " Co.) have been activelyengaged in the busiof obtainingpatents for over
Many
twenty-fiveyears.
If the
of inventors
thousands
A
largeproportionof
Those
who
have
had
have
all
benefit from
patents granted
inventions
made
are
and
our
counsels.
obtained
desire
to
by
us.
consult
obtaining patents are cordiallyinvited
We
shall be happy to see them
in person
at our
to do so.
them
to advise
or
office,
by letter. In all cases, they may
expect from us an Jwne.tt opinion. For such consultations,
no
charge. A pen-and-ink
opinion, and advice, we make
sketch
and
a
descriptionof the invention should be sent,
with
us
in
regard
to
togetherwith stamps
not
use
pencilnor
All business
are
Muss
kept by
Si
for
pale ink
committed
us
Co.,37
secret
Park
postage.
return
; be
to
and
Row,
our
Write
plain;
do
brief.
care,
and
all
consultations,
Addreso
confidential.
strictly
New-
York.
SPECIAL
EXAMINATIONS.
SPECIAL
EXAMINATIONS.
FEE
N
$5.
a
it will be
cases
many
advisable,as
prudence, to order a
of
measure
PRELIMINARY
consists
the
at
house
EXAMINATION.
of
U.
specialsearch,made
a
S. Patent
all the
the
invention
there
advice.
Our
If the
charge for
device
has
the
to
grant of
send
party concerned,with
this service
been
found
be
can
completion of this specialsearch,we
report of the result
thousands
models
will prevent the
On
Washington,
Office,
of our
through the medium
in that city,
ther,
to ascertain whe-
among
patents and
any
This
is
of
stored,
which
a
patent.
a
written
suitable
$5.
patented,the
time
and
expense
etc.,will,in
constructingmodels, preparing documents,
of this search ; if the invention
most
by means
cases, be saved
in part patented,the applicantwill be enhas been
abled
and
to modify his claims
expectations accordingly.
amination,
Many other obvious advantages attend PreliminaryExalthough the strictest search does not always
whether
enable the applicant to know
a
absolutely,
patent
will be granted.
for patents are
sometimes
For example, applications
jected
rethe Examining Officer finds a descriptionof
because
in some
the allegedinvention
foreign publication; or some
has been
other person
previouslyrejectedon an analogous
other
device ; or
some
invention, for a similar purpose,
resembles
the applicant'sin its construction
partially
; or
makes
Government
the
decision.
an
unjust or uncommon
of
Against none
of these
contingenciesdoes
the
Preliminary
provide.
inform
the applicantwhether
It will,however, generally
improvement similar to his,and used for the same
pose,
purbeen patentedin this country.
has ever
Examination
an
are
desiringthe PreliminaryExamination
ed
requestremit the fee,($5,)and furnish us with
to
sketch or
a
photograph, and a brief explanationof the invention.
Parties
INFORMATION.
GENERAL,
Where
examination
$5 for each
be
must
sent
each
as
;
than
more
upon
Address
search.
separate, careful
tion,
inven-
one
device
MUNN
requires a
Co., 37 Park
"
Y.
N.
Row,
is wanted
INFORMATION.
OTHER
IF
you wish for generalinformation
law
of Infringethe rules and
to
ments,
as
Reissues,Claims, etc.,state your
Opininquiriesclearly,and remit $5. ions
See
niore.
cost
of
specialcases
in
If you
Infringement
16.
page
for advice
wish
in
the
or
the
in whose
If you desire to know
name
is officially
recorded, at Washington ;
a
Patent, send
remit
etc.,and
If you
the
us
of transfer
deeds
of all the
abstract
an
have
to
assignment ot
an
license,made
in the
thereof,or a
placed on record,give us the full names
residences,title of the invention,etc.,and
in
that
you
or
shares
grant of
Washington,
records.
or
We
look up
or
or
WATER
with
an
wish
with
out
Patent,or
any
proper
manner,
of the parties,
remit
$5.
This
be
may
patent.
a
need
For
to
any
assigned either
fore
be-
tracts
Agreements and conbe recorded, like assignments,
agreement
or
contract
prepared, remit $5.
C3^~Remember
in
thereof
regard to inventions
at Washington.
wish
if you
connected
fee.
record
after the
or
ent
Pat-
a
or
a
and
Inventions
formati
in-
$5.
desire
share
includes
title to
tracts,
con-
patentee, date of patent,
of the
name
to
rightsof parties
assignments, or upon
assignments,joint ownership in patents,
which
the points clearlyupon
state
licenses,
is wanted, and remit $5.
under
for
regard
that
and
can
we
have
any
"
constant
therefore
for you
(MuN\
sort
make
Co.)have
access
for you
branch-offices
all the
to
any
kind
public
of search,
of informationin regard to
ents,
Pat-
ing
Inventions,or Applications for Patents,either pendthat
desire.
rejected,
you may
expands
estimated
in
freezingabout
force
of
-^
of its
originalbulk,
30,000 Ibs. per square
inch.
HOW
TO
FILE
CAVEATS.
CAVEATS.
times
filingof a Caveat is oftenit
of great importance,as
may
ed
be quickly done, and affords a limitimmediate
but
protection.The
filingof a Caveat prevents, during
its existence,the issue of a patent,
without
the knowledge of the CaveTHE
other
ator, to any
device.
to
The
person
Caveator
official
receive
period of
one
for
a
for
lar
simi-
a
is entitled
notice, during
a
year, of any other petition
for
similar
a
or
patent
interferinginvention, filed during
On
cial
that time.
receiving such offinotice,the Caveator is required
to
complete his own
application
within
three
months
from
the
date
of the notice.
Caveat
Specification,
Drawing, Oath, and
should
Petition.
be
To
be of any value, these
papers
plied
carefullydrawn up, and the official rules scrupulouslycomNo model
is requifed. Our facilities enable us
with.
to prepare
Caveat-papers with great dispatch.
When
specially
desired,we can have them ready to send to
the applicant,for signatureand affidavit,
by return mail, or
hour's notice.
is $10,
at an
The
official fee for a Caveat
and we
panying
generallycharge $10 to $25 to prepare the accomand
to
the
business
attend
making $20 to
papers
A
of
consists
a
"
$35'in all.
A
Caveat
runs
for
year, and
a
can
be extended
by paying
$10
a year.
Caveats
can
and
aliens
only
who
be filed
have
their intention
To
is
a
enable
us
to
resided
to
which
citizens of the United
here
become
prepare
sketch,drawing,or
invention, with
by
year
and
clared
de-
have
citizens.
all that
Caveat
papers,
photograph, and
remij fees
See also pages
one
States,
103, 117.
as
need
we
descriptionof
above.
Model
not
the
quired.
re-
EXPENSES
OF
OIJTAIXING
A
PATENT.
PATENTS.
UNDER
the
present American
law, all persons pay the same
officialfees,
without distinction
to
nationality.Patents
granted
also
to
the
executors
minors
inventors.
The
first government
an
filing
applicationfor
is
$15
;
;
trators
adminis-
or
of deceased
also
are
and
women
as
stamps, $1.
fee
on
patent
a
Add
to this
the
attorney'scharge for drawand
ance
attendings,specification,
to
before the Patent-Office.
for
or
chargefor these
be
"
government fee of $20
second
allowed,"a
Munn
"
send
a
with
an
to
model
of
apply
for
of the
prepare
for
not
mind
give
your
signatureand
put the money
liable to be
draft.
i
25
$41
20
See page
the
to Munn
merits
and
"
Co.,by
working
ideas
grammar,
in full about
is to
express,
vention.
in-
of the
be
but
spellingor
very
invention.
the
will then
the
latter
oath.
in the box
Remit
by
with
express,
model, for it is
postal order,check,
the
11.
the applicant lone* the
not
tranteu,
appeal is required, there are additional
patent it i"
an
stolen.
$61
-
patent, all that is necessary
a
also the first government fee of $16. We
and send
the drawings and specification,
us
If
Business,
and
Patent, (ifa simple case,)
invention
explanationof
particularto
When
$16
-
-
-
cost
Never
*
-
-
In order
f
-
of
f Whole
Do
stamps,
making the application,
Government
fee,payable if allowed,
Second
you
fee and
Co., Specifications.
Drawings,
*Cost
Send
is then
COSTS.
OF
RECAPITULATION
or
is,
paid.
First Government
to
case
services
simple cases, $25 ; and from that priceupward to $35
according to the time and labor required. If the
more,
patent is
to
Our
of the
the business
cost
of
expense*.
making
See
the
nvxt
application.
pate.
10
AMENDMENTS
AND
AMENDMENTS
APPEALS.
AND
APPEALS.
Munn
WE,
tensive
"
Co., have
Branch
House
ington, employing
a
skilled
and we
assistants,
specialduty to watch
our
of
cases
before
an
it
the
over
they are
Patent-Office.
the
of
corps
make
clients while
our
ex
in Wash"
If the
examining officer objects to the
ferences,
grant of the claims,or gives reor
requires amendments,
examine
the references,and
we
the amendments, if we deem
make
them
proper,
patent
allow
as
soon
rejectsthe
patent, and
a
him
inform
as
to
the Examiners-in
of
we
client's
our
the examiner
case,
reversal of the examiner's
a
allowance
the
secure
possible. When
as
and
client,
our
to
as
so
refuses
to
report the fact
to
the
of obtaining
probabilities
decision
by an appeal to
Chief.
government fee payable by the applicant
the
is
to
an
Exarniners-in-Chief,
$10.
on
making
appeal
Our charges for preparing and conducting this appeal are
success.
very moderate, and in part contingentupon
First
"
Second
Chief
Patents.
Third
From
Appeal.
"
appeal
an
Appeal.
"
an
taken
to
of the Examiners-inthe
Commissioner
of
fee, $20.
From
appeal
District
the decision
be
may
Government
of Patents
of the
The
Appeal.
of the Commissioner
the decision
be
may
of Columbia.
taken
The
Supreme Court
applicant pays all the
to
the
costs.
REJECTED
We
shall be
happy
to
Address
Munn
take
for
defective
papers
for themselves
or
CASES.
to
REJECTED
partieswho
CASES,
have made
or
to
model
re-
tion
applica-
derate.
mothrough other agents. Terms
" Co.,statingthe particulars.
LAPSED
WHERE
up
CASES.
patent has been allowed but forfeited by neglect
government fee,the case may be renewed
pay the second
within
two
a
years,
a
by filing
new
application. See
page
60.
MODELS
ABOUT
11
REMITTANCES.
AXD
REMITTANCES,
MODELS,
ETC.
ERSOXS
who
apply for patents
by law required to
model, in all cases
are
furnish
where
a
the invention
illustrated
by
model
material
on
show
some
the
or
be
engraved
Where
the
invention
known
working
of the whole
When
should
of the
machine
the invention
a
consists
will not
consists of
a
composition,samples
new
other
; the
of
model
machine,
improved parts.
in the model
of hard
painted
or
the
in any of
it should
;
neatly made,
or
metal, or
The
exceed
not
inches
dimensions
the inventor
model.
a
must
twelve
trated
illus-
partly
or
be
can
its
be
wood
tial
substan-
of
name
it
upon
spicuously.
con-
ment
improve-
an
to
only
representation
needs
A
be
necessary.
article of manufacture
new
of the
article
must
be
furnished.
Xew
medicines
of
all
and
a
medical
or
compounds, and
patentable. Samples
kinds, are
very
minute
statement
must
be
useful
must
made
tures
mix-
be
nished,
fur-
of the
used.
proportionsand ingredients
the model
soon
as
or
specimen is ready,it should be
b
oxed
and
carefully
shipped, by express or otherwise,to
our
address,namely, ML.NX i; Co., Xo. 37 Park Row, NewYork
and
send
the express
City. Prepay the expense,
receiptto us by mail.
in weight,it can
If the model does not exceed 12 ounces
be sent to us by mail.
or
Simultaneouslywith the model or specimens, the inventexact
As
should
also send
fee and
either
way
us
the first instalment
stamps, $16.
The
money
the model, or
express, with
New- York,
to remit is by draft on
by
of
the Government
be forwarded
may
The safest
by mail.
payable to
our
order,
Always send a letter with
by Post-Office order.
model, and also with the remittance,statingthe name
or
the
and
1 2
NEW
of the
address
sender.
but
containing money,
models
also
are
INVENTIONS.
We
sometimes
without
any
name
us
from
frequentlysent
receive
envelopes
explanation;
equally unknown
or
sources.
A
full written
descriptionshould
model, embodying
operationand
On
be
sent
with
the
the
of the inventor respecting
is
improvement. This statement
all the ideas
merits
often of assistance
also
to
of the
us
in
preparing the specification.
reception of the model and Government
fee,the
is duly registeredupon
our
case
books, and the application
the documents
proceeded with as fast as possible. When
are
amination,
ready, we send them to the inventor by mail, for his exwith a letter of instruction,
signature and affidavit,
Our fee for preparing the case
is then due, and
etc.
will be called for. Immediately on its return, the case
will
the patent
be presented to the Patent Office,and as soon
as
is allowed, the applicantwill be notified to remit
the last
instalment
of the Government
fee, namely, $20, and the
the
patent will then be issued.
Inventors
state
who
of their
possiblefor
us
do
business
applicationin
do
to
so.
We
with
us
will be notified of the
the Patent
do
not
it is
Office,when
require the personal
of
inventor,unless the invention is one
be done
well by
as
great complicationj the business can
correspondence.
The
time
a
required to procure
patent is six
average
We
weeks.
frequentlyget them through in less time ; but
in other cases, owing to delay on
the part of the officials,
the period is sometimes
extended
three months,
to two
or
and even
We
make
more.
a
specialpoint to forward our
attendance
cases
Be
as
of
rapidlyas possible.
neither
latter.
favor is
A
a
mean
Never, under
can
others.
lavish
man
nor
niggardly; of
two, avoid
the
is universallydespised, but
the
public
to preferment; therefore,
stepping-stone
generous
should
feelings
you
the
avoid
be cultivated.
circumstances,assume
consistentlywith your duty
any
a
to
responsibility
yourselfand
DESIGN
13
PATENTS.
DESIGN
PATENTS.
THE
for the
laws
designs
new
grant of patents for
of
are
the
liberal and
most
comprehensive character,and their
be enjoyed by all persons,
may
distinction
fits
beneout
with-
nationality.
Foreign designers and manufacturers
who
send
goods
similar
goods
patent for
A
to
to
to
this
country
and
a
be granted
may
citizen or
alien,
design
person, whether
industry,genius,efforts,
by his own
has
expense,
and
new
any
invented
produced
or
originaldesign for
or
bust, statue,alto-relievo,
bas-relief;any
other
fabrics ; any
pattern, print, or
cure
se-
in this market.
any
who,
original design for
may
patents here upon their new patterns,
from selling
thus prevent other makers
and
g.
as
a
facture,
manu-
and
new
the
printingof woolen, silk,cotton, or
and
new
originalimpression,ornament,
picture, to be printed, painted,cast, or
into any article of manufacture
placed on or worked
and original
or any
shape or configuration
new, useful,
article of manufacture, the same
not
having been
otherwise
;
of
any
known
or
used
by
others
his invention
before
production
or
thereof,or patented or described in any printed publication,
upon
payment of the duty required by law, and other due
proceedings had
for
Patents
and
one
the
term
half
of
the
same
designs are
years,
fourteen
for
or
in
as
years,
granted
the
as
of inventions
cases
term
the
for
the
of
seven
said
or
of
term
years,
coveries.
dis-
three
or
for
elect
applicantmay
in his
application.
The
petition,oath, specification,
assignments,and other
for
proceedingsin the case of applicationsfor letters-patent
for other patents.
the same
a design are
as
The
applicant must
of
the
design,
furnish
or
either
a
photographs
model
or
or
ings
draw-
engraving
thereof.
Those
who
desire
to obtain
patents
for
Designs
are
re-
14
DESIGN
PATENTS.
with
"fe Co., No. 3*7 Park
Munn
quested to communicate
Row, New-York.
City residents by callingat our office can
have all the business promptly attended
to.
The expenses
for design patents are as follows :
Patent for three and a half years, whole expense,
$20.
Patent
for seven
$25.
years, whole expense,
for fourteen years, whole expense,
includes government
above
fees and
Patent
The
The
agents'charges.*
of the applicant is not
presence
neces-sary
obtain a design patent, as
the business
be
can
personal
in order
done
$40.
to
by correspondence.
who
Those
reside
at
a
full, middle
photographs
distance
should
send
us
their
included, together with
twelve
of
the
mounted.
not
design
remit
Also
the fees as above, by draft,check, or postal order.
will
then
the
and
We
tion,
specificapetition,oath,
prepare
for
and forward
the
the same
to
applicant
signatureOn their return
filed
the
Patentat
by him, the papers are
is made, and if no conwhen
official examination
flicting
an
Office,
is
found
is
issued.
to exist,a patent
design
in
names
further
For
name
information
Munn
address
HARNESS
"
Co.
above.
as
BLACKING.
ivory-black,2
pound bees-wax, stir in 4 ounces
Prussian
blue ground in
ounces
spiritsturpentine,2 ounces
With
Make
into balls.
a
copal varnish.
oil,and " ounce
with
silk
and
brush
it
to
gently.
harness,
polish
apply
MELT
1
RIGHTS
UNDER
may
and
A
times
to
patents and
CUBIC
States,women
copy-rights; they may
The
registertrade-marks.
sex
or
foot
heavier
MINORS.
AND
of the United
the laws
obtain
as
WOMEN
OP
age.
of air
than
air.
weighs
A
535
cubic
laws
make
grains.
foot of
and
minors
also
file
no
Water
water
veats
ca-
tions
distinc-
is 815
weighs
6!
Ibs.
Ibs.,a gallon 8 -ja0a0and a half years, $15 for
fee is $10 for three
Our
"fc Co.)
$30 for fourteen
(Munn
seven
years.
years, and
it
inconvenient
for
is
nish
applicants to furcharges are $10. When
their own
drawings or photographs, we can supply them at a
*[The government
reasonable
cost.]
15
TRADE-MARKS.
TRADE-MARKS.
ANY
any
firm domiciled
or
person
corporationcreated
in the
States,and
United
by the authorityof the United
territorythereof, and any person,
States,or of any State or
eign
firm,or corporation resident of or located in any forlar
country which, by treaty or convention, affords simito citizens of the United
States,and who are
privileges
entitled to the exclusive
of any lawful trade-mark, or
use
for exclusive
who intend to adopt or
use
any trade-mark
within
the United
use
States, may obtain protection for
such lawful trade-mark
quirements.
by complying with the official reThose
desire
who
to
protectionfor trade-marks,
secure
labels,etc., are
with
Munn
"
requested to communicate
Co., No. 37 Park Row, New-York.
have all the
can
City residents,by callingat our office,
Those
who
live at a distance
business
to.
quickly attended
will please observe
the followingdirections :
of the parties,
their residence,and
1. Send us the names
place of business.
2. State
of
is to
3.
used.
Describe
the
particularmode
is intended
and
been
with
connection
in
goods
be
has
and
class of merchandise
the
to
the
descriptio
particular
which
the
mark
trade-
in which
the
mark
trade-
applied and
used.
be
the statement
for sheetings,
example, for a trade-mark
is to be printedin blue ink,
would
trade-mark
be, The
of each piece of sheeting
the outside
Or, The
upon
trade-mark
is to be printed in black, or
red, white, and
is to
which
the exterior of a paper
blue,upon
wrapper,
For
"
"
cover
or
long
5. Send
$25
charge.
of which
Co.'s
We
and
at the
remit
Also
it has
are
will then
oath
for
forward
been
same
for
signature
to
him
goods."
alreadyin use,. and
if
time
the trade-mark.
$35
government
prepare
is
of the
used.
copies of
twelve
us
package
the trade-mark
4. State whether
so, how
each
around
extend
'
in full for the expenses,
"
fees,and $10 Munn
the necessary petition,
declaration,
after
and
the
shortlythereapplicant,
by
the official certificate of
protection.
16
TRADE-MAKKS.
In
made
be
must
of the firm
the
trade-mark, a declaration
member
under
oath by the applicant or some
officer of the corporation,to the effect that
applying for protectionfor
or
claiming protectionfor
party
the
right to
identical
form
might
and
fac-similes
Trade-marks
renewed
be
for
manufactured
No
the
at
in force
case
time
same
is not
which
is
and
merely the name
only, unaccompanied by
from
the
same
is identical with
of merchandise
and
rightto
instrument
any
recorded
order
noted
and
of
to
have
it becomes
of
cease
a
mark
a
Munn
of
may
use
be
tection
pro-
shorter
a
j
in this
effect elsewhere.
no
or
recorded
trade-mark, or
firm,or corporation
other
distinguishit
to
persons,
which
or
lawful
trade-mark
writing,and
registeredat
are
trade-mark
as
to
trade-mark
be
ready
al-
recorded
of any
reception,the
copies
of any
further information
"
not
lawful
a
by
for
force
received
person,
sufficient
used
where
cases
it receives
in which
foreign country
become
may
such
is
assignableby
assignment must
sixtydays after its
the Patent-Office
exact
time
of
in the
be
ecution.
ex-
act
ex-
receiptbeing
recorded.
Certified
For
true
class
appropriateto the same
ready
belongingto a different owner, and alwhich
received
for registration,
so
or
use
the
of their
description
copies of the
the
applied to, articles
in the Patent-Office within
Trade-marks
that
except in
registered or
such
last-mentioned
nearly resembles
likelyto deceive the public; but any
The
thereto
trade-mark
a
lawfullyin
person,
in the
thirtyyears, and
will be
when
name
and
that
not
can
use,
are
for
it shall
proposed trade-mark
which
near
thirtyyears more,
is claimed
for,and
period, in which
either
resemblance
for record
in this country,
the laws of any
under
country
such
other
no
a
protected.
be
to
such
deceive, and
to
remain
trade-mark
such
a
presented
sought
that
rightto
having
or
calculated
be
trade-mark
has
has
trade-mark
the
and
of the same,
use
firm,or corporation
as
a
Co.
trade-mark
may
always
concerning trade-marks
be
tained.
ob-
address
18
FROM
LETTERS
MASON
COMMISSIONER
MESSRS.
"
MUNN
Co.
I take
COMMISSIONERS.
THE
S
LETTER.
:
pleasure
statingthat,while
Commissioner
of Patents, MORE
THAN
ONE
BUSINESS
doubt
no
OFFICE
THE
OF
that the
ness,
FOURTH
thus
Mason
statesman, Hon.
Patent-Office
JOSEPH
was
of the U. S.
the
MESSRS.
MUNN
affords
able and
"
Co.
HOLT'S
pleasure
in which
manner
efficient
Solicitors of Patents
as
the
office of
quently
subse-
was
He
addressed
:
LETTER.
:
much
me
of the
appointed
was
followingvery gratifyingcommunication
COMMISSIONER
It
patriotand
Mr. HOLT
appointed Judge-Advocate-General,
us
prompt-
administration
Hon.
tercours
in-
MASON.
CHAS.
he
been
employers.
your
eminent
distinguishedthat
so
Postmaster-General
whose
HOLT,
of
DEGREE
by that
succeeded
was
has
in all your
always observed,
MARKED
THE
ALL
I have
indicated
to the interests of
skill,and fidelity
Yours, very truly,
Judge
OF
HANDS.
YOUR
publicconfidence
I have
as
DESERTED,
with the office,
A
FULLY
THROUGH
CAME
office of
the
I held
in
while
Commissioner.
and you sustained
LARGE,
the reputation of energy,
(and
bear
to
testimony
discharged your
you
I had
the honor
Your
business
I doubt
the
to
of
was
ties
duing
holdVERY
justly deserved)
and
promising
uncomABILITY,
in
fidelity performing your professionalengagements.
Very respectfully,
your
Hon.
WM.
D.
MARKED
obedient
BISHOP, late
MESSRS.
It
of my
MUNN
gives
me
"
Co.
much
holding the
J. HOLT.
servant,
Member
Mr. HOLT
as
Connecticut,succeeded
he
Upon resigningthe office,
COMMISSIONER
not
of
Congress
Commissioner
wrote
BISHOP'S
to
us
as
of
from
ents.
Pat-
follows
LETTER.
:
pleasure
to
say
office of Commissioner
that,during the
of Patents, a
time
very
:
CONCERT
TO
large proportion of
Patent-Office
I have
of
clients
your
the
perform
of inventors
business
through
as
Attorneys
direction,that
D. BISHOP.
submitted
case
is,that our
our
personal
to
our
ceives
re-
care
careful
study during its preparation,the
thorough attention at
prompt dispatch,and the most
stage of its subsequent progress.
the
most
every
most
HOW
TO
SEND
PAPER
INTO
subscription in paper money
year's readingof THK SCIENTIFIC
that the
into
times
CONVERT
information
your
in
of
over
by Wheatstone
to
be
thousand
eighty-eight
PARTIES
in
to
ing
bring-
hundred
a
originalinvestment
wire, has
copper
a
is out,
electric
an
Co., and
Ten
will result
year
the
gold,than
speed
HE
the
"
AMERICAN.
obtained
coffers,before
money
more
thus
GOLD.
Munn
to
a
enjoy a
one
patent
every
curacy.
ac-
servant,
for our
unrivaled
success
great reason
are
so
systematized and arranged under
affairs
to
skill and
with
WM.
One
interests
QUALIFIED
obedient
Very respectfully,
your
that
and
your
!
the
before
agency;
devoted to the
of Patent
duties
19
GOLD.
you faithful and
well as
EMINENTLY
found
ever
the
transacted
was
INTO
PAPER
sending
spark traveling
been
ascertained
hundred
two
miles
models
in
a
second.
THE
to
and
TIFIC
SCIEN-
which
office,on
cide
they denot
to apply for Letters-Patent,and
which
they wish preserved, will please to
order
them returned
as
early as possible.
AMERICAN
We
and
obliged
if not
to
called
can
not
undertake
for within
destroy them,
to
make
a
to
store
reasonable
room
for
new
such
time, we
els,
modare
arrivals.
20
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
PATENTS.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
COMPILED
OFFICIAL
RULES
CHIEFLY
INCLUDING
PATENT-OFFICE,
Who
and
FORMS
first inventor
or
citizen
discoverer
machine, manufacture, or
useful improvement
invention or discovery.
and
inventors
Joint
one
patent
for their
man
one
entitle them
In
case
of
an
the
to
FOR
PROCEEDINGS
FOR
ASSIGNMENTS,
IN
THK
ETC-
Patent.
alien,beingthe original
or
of any
and
new
useful
art,
jointpatent
a
; neither
independent inventors
machine
same
inventions
capitaland
take
out
a
assignment of the
;
can
not
nor
does
the
other
can
of separate
obtain
a
joint
the fact that
makes
the invention
jointpatent.
of any undivided
issue to the
may
whole, or
invention, the patent
and
or jointlyto the inventor
assignee of the whole interest,
the assignee of the undivided
the assignmentbeing
interest,
first entered
of record,and the application
being duly made
and the specification
to by the inventor.
duly sworn
The applicationmust
be made
by the actual inventor, if
if the patent is to issue or reissue to an assignee;
alive,even
but where
the inventor is dead,the applicationand oath may
be made
or administrator.
by the executor
interest
in
but
separate
furnishes
a
T1IK
composition of matter, or any new
obtain a patent for his
thereof,
may
entitled to
are
separately;
improvements in the
claim
obtain
may
person, whether
ANY
FROM
REGULATIONS
AND
PATENTS.
the
INFORMATION
of Petition for
Form
To
CONCERNING
COMMISSIONER
THE
petitioner
prays
him
for the invention
; and
of
that
set
letters-patent
may
forth
in the annexed
substitution
granted
tion
specifica-
and
revocation,to prosecute this application
alterations
and
amendments
therein,to
make
receive
the patent, and to transact
Office connected
herewith.
[Fifty-centrevenue
or
claimed
be
" Co., of the cities of
hereby appoints Munn
and Washington, D. C., his attorneys, with full
to
Two
of Attorney.
he
Xew-York
power
with power
PATENTS:
OF
Your
to
Patent
a
21
PATENTS.
stamp.]
distinct and
more
all business in the PatentPETER
PENDENT.
separate inventions
in
one
application; but where
each with the
necessarilyconnected
be
not
may
inventions
several
other,they may
are
be
so
claimed.
The
be
must
specification
deceased,by his executor
by
Full
if
inventor,or
be
must
tested
at-
given,and all
be legibly
witnesses,must
be
must
names
of applicant or
whether
names,
the
administrator,and
or
witnesses.
two
signed by
written.
TJie Oath
The
The
of invention
oath
should
follow
followingis the official form
STATE
sworn,
NEW-
YORK, COUNTY
to
be the
:
OF
originaland
in seed-drills
; that he does
was
ever
to
and
not
before
citizen of the United
March,
specification.
the
himself
Sworn
the
ALBANY, ss. :
above-named
Pendent,
petitioner,being duly
and
(or affirmed,)deposes
lieves
says that he verilybe-
OF
Peter
same
of Invention.
first inventor
in the
know
does not believe that the
known
and
or
used
States.
subscribed
1869.
foregoingspecification
; and
before
me
SIMON
an
that
PETER
this
he
is
a
PENDENT.
13th
day of
SHALLOW,
Justice
If the applicantbe
of the improvement
described
alien,the sentence,
of the Peace.
"
and
that he is
22
INFORMATION"
CONCERNING
PATENTS.
the United
citizen of
States,"will be omitted, and in lieu
that he is a citizen of the
thereof will be substituted,"and
and
that he is a subject of the
republic of Mexico," or,
King of Italy,"or, of the Queen of Great Britain,"or as
a
"
"
the
case
be.
may
If the
applicantsclaim to be joint inventors,the oath will
to be the original,
read, that they verilybelieve themselves
and jointinventors,"etc.
first,
"
The
oath
within
the
affirmation
or
be made
before any person
may
authorized
States,
by law to administer
United
when
applicantresides in a foreigncountry,
before any minister,charge d'affaires,
consul,or commercial
the government
under
of the
agent, holding commission
United
States,or before any notary public of the foreign
oaths, or,
the
country in which
the
applicant may
in all cases, in this and
officialseal of such notary.
The
applicantfor
The
drawing
of his
tested
be, the oath being atcountries,by the proper
other
Drawings.
patent is required by law
a
invention,where
the
of
nature
to furnish
the
a
mits
ad-
ease
of it.
Such
drawing must be on thick,smooth drawing-paper,
stiff to support itself in the portfolios
of the
sufficiently
be neatly and
office. It must
artistically
executed, with
such
sectional views
detached
is in construction
invention
by
distinguished
be
should
be
as
or
his
at
attorney,
with
sheet must
the
not
sheets
it
of the invention
name
dered
top, the shortest side being consi-
drawing must
be
and
attested
be
largerthan
by
specification.
must
The
applicantupon
letter whenever
or
The
being the size of the patent.
needed, several
An
to
number
same
the
This
such.
be sent
The
that
written
and
clearlyshow what the
operation. Each part must
drawings.
in the several
appears
must
the
as
be
If
signed by
two
ten
more
the
cant
appli-
witnesses,and
inches
by fifteen,
illustrations
are
used.
Model.
filinghis specificationand drawings
CONCERNING
INFORMATION
submit
may
the Commissioner
to
model
shall
deposita
wise, a model
designs,where
will
model
durable
be
the
neatly
It should
material.
invention
; other
clearlyexhibit
must
forms
he
question whether
for
case, except
invention admits
of such
the
of
model
must
the
specimen of his
required in every
nature
which
of the machine
The
be
the
Such
illustration.
or
23
PATENTS.
subjectof
and
be
a
every feature
claim of invention.
made,
substantially
made
as
small
possible,
length,width, or
as
foot in
in any case
than one
more
height. If made of pine or other soft wood, it should
but
not
varnished.
painted,stained, or
the parts should
heat or moisture.
A
the
be
so
connected
Glue
as
must
to
of
not
be
resist the
be
used, but
action
of
working model is always desirable,in order to enable
the preciseoperaoffice fullyand readilyto understand
tion
of the
The
machine.
name
and
assignee,(if assigned,)
be
must
affixed upon
it in
also
a
of the
inventor,and
title of the
the
permanent
of the
invention,
manner.
Compositions
of Matter.
composition of matter, a specimen
of each of the ingredientsand of the compositionmust
the name
of the inventor
the application,
and
accompany
and of the assignee(if there be one) must
be permanently
When
the invention
is
a
affixed thereto.
Tlie
No
applicationcan
placedupon the files
with
the specification,
diawings and
deposited.
All
cases
model
in the
for examination
Examination.
Official
be
the case
can
examined, nor
for examination, until the fee is paid,
the petitionand oath, filed,
and
the
or
specimen (when required)filed or
be
Patent-Office
are
classified and
taken
up
class
regular order ; those in the same
in the
and disposed of,as far as practicable,
being examined
order
in which
the respectiveapplicationsare
completed.
of peculiarimporWhen, however, the invention is deemed
tance
of the public service,and when, for
branch
to some
of some
that reason,
the head
department of the governin
24
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
taken
action,the case will be
of its order.
for reissues,
These, with applications
for inventions for which
eign
fora
letters-patent
up
aud
out
for
patent has
have
already been obtained, which cases
the only exceptions
are
applications,
original
precedenceover
tion.
stated in relation to the order of examina-
the rule above
to
immediate
specially
requests
ment
The
personal attendance
business
will not
in
they
to
can
be done
by
will
case
no
for
specifications
return
any
spondence
corre-
samples from
copiesof
to
the
such
the office will furnish them
amend,
ment
amend-
allowed
be
person
any papers, drawings, models, or
If applicants have not
preserved
wish
the Patent-
applicantat
by attorney.
or
Patent-Office
; and
of the
The
Office is unnecessary.
The
PATENTS.
on
take
office.
as
papers
the usual
terms.
The
months
final fee
after the time
notice thereof
sent
to
the final fee for such
the patent will
become
two
be
must
scribed
and
the invention therein deforfeited,
public property, as againstthe applicant
he shall make
new
a
applicationtherefor
be
therefor,unless
within
paid within six
the patent was
at which
allowed,and
if
the applicantor his agent. And
patent be not paid within that time,
issuinga patent
on
years
from
the date of the
Date
will bear
originalallowance.
of Patent.
date
of
day not later than six
it was
from the time at which
months
passed and allowed,
and notice thereof was
his agent,
sent
to the applicant or
and if the final fee shall not be paid within that period,the
No patentwill be antedated.
patent will be withheld.
Every patent
as
a
Appeals.
Every applicantfor
any
of the claims
a
patent
of which
the
or
have
chief,having once
such
case,
paid a
to
a
patent,
twice rejected,and
appeal from the decision
been
every party to an interference,
may
of the primary examiner, or of the
interferences,in
reissue of
the
fee of ten
examiner
board
in
charge of
of examiners-in-
dollars.
For
this pur-
20
INFORMATION
and
thus
and
the
CONCERNING
place them
public.
on
under
file a statement
to
history of
an
is
givingthe
showing the
;
the
date
and
detailed
a
successive
ments,
experi-
and
character
steps of development, extent
shall
Such
statement
forms of embodiment.
and
courts
each party will be
interference,
set for the taking of testimony,
oath
invention
the
equal footingbefore
an
Upon the declaration of
required, before any time
PATENTS.
of use,
be
not
to inspection by the other party, until both
are
filed,
open
for
b
oth
has
In
the
time
default
until
of
expired.
filing
or
such
either
filingby
of
abandoned
than
two
years
party shall be
as
case
or
that it has
of either fails
statement
made
prima-facie case
if it shows
or
application,
been
the
if the
or
the
to overcome
dates
party,
by
that
iu
been
the
the
respective
has
invention
for
public use
more
the other
prior to the applicationof affiant,
entitled to an
adjudicationby default upon
it stands
upon
the
record.
remedies
interference,partieshave the same
by appeal aa other applicants,to the examiners-in-chief and
in such cases, from
but no appeal lies,
to the Commissioner,
the decision of the Commissioner.
Appeals in interference
of the
should
be accompanied with a brief statement
cases
In
of
cises
thereof.
reasons
the party who first filed so much
of interference,
of his applicationfor a patent as illustrates his invention
of all proof
in the absence
the first inventor
will be deemed
In
cases
A time will be
the contrary.
party shall complete his direct
assignedin
to
time
on
in which
his side
take
may
there are
;
the adverse
and
a
still
which
the other
testimony ; and a further
party shall complete the testimony
farther
time
in which
both
parties
rebuttingtestimony,but
shall
take
no
other.
If
parties,the times for taking testi!mony shall be so arranged, if practicable,that each shall
! have a like opportunity in his turn, each
being held to go
i forward
and prove
his case
against those who filed their ap
jplicationsbefore him.
more
If either
for the
such
than
two
party wishes the time for takinghis testimony,or
hearing,postponed,he
postponement,
and
by affidavit filed before
must
the
must
show
time
make
applicationfor
sufficient
reason
for it
previouslyappointedhas
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
PATENTS.
also
elapsed,if practicable
; and must
and with
with copies of his affidavits,
the time of hearing his application.
[NOTE.
"
The
important
most
Our
and
letters to
management
duties
terms
his
reasonable
of interferences
with
in connection
for
furnish
attention
dependent upon the
MUNN
" Co.,No. 37
is
time
of
of
the
one
Patent-Office
interferences
to
opponent
notice
ness.
busirate,
mode-
are
required. Address
Row, New-York.]
Park
all
Jieissues.
reissue is
granted to the
presentatives
originalpatentee, his legalrethe
or
assignees
of the entire interest,
when
by
A
reason
of
defective
a
or
ficient
insuf-
the origispecification
nal
is
inoperative or
patent
invalid,provided the error nas arisen from inadvertence,nccident, or mistake, and without any fraudulent or deceptive
intention ; but although the patent has been
assigned,the
be made, and the specification
must
sworn
application
to, by
the inventor.
The
any
petitionfor
undivided
A
a
reissue must
interest in the
statement, under
show
that all
patent,
ing
partiesown-
in
concur
the
render.
sur-
oath, of the title of the party
be filed with the application.
is reallyembraced
in
whatever
proposing to surrender must
The general rule is,that
shown
that
the originalinvention,and
it
described
so
or
in the original
might have been embraced
patent, may be the
shall be introduced
matter
subjectof a reissue ; but no new
in case
of a machine
into the specification,
nor
patent shall
the model
or
drawings be amended, except each by the
ments
there is neither model
other ; but,when
nor
drawing, amendsioner,
to the Commisbe made
proof satisfactory
may
upon
that such
new
matter
or
amendment
vas
a
part of
tion
originalinvention,and was omitted from the specificaby inadvertence,accident,or mistake, as aforesaid.
for which
Reissued patents expire at the end of the term
the original
applications
patent was gran ted. For this reason
the
for reissue will be acted
upon
as
soon
as
filed.
28
INFORMATION
patentee, in reissuing,
may
A
for each
patent
distinct and
fee in
the
reissue
PATENTS.
at his
option have
part of
separate
separate
a
the
invention
in his
comprehended
of
CONCERNING
originalpatent, by paying the required
each
complying with the other requirements
case, and
division
of a
law, as in originalapplications. Each
scriptiv
deconstitutes the subject of a separate specification
of the
division
; and
All
parts of the invention claimed
the drawing may
represent only such
part
or
parts.
If there be
the divisions
from
until
issue
In all
cases
of
if reproduced in
examination,
reissue
a
will issue
one, the other
controversy is ended.
controversy
the
of
as
to
in such
part
or
simultaneously.
will be withheld
applications for reissues,the originalclaim,
the amended
is subject to respecification,
and
may
be
revised
and
restricted
in the
same
fused,
originalapplications; but if any reissue be rethe originalpatent will,upon
request, be returned to
the applicant.
ment,
required for a reissue are a state[NOTE. The documents
petition,oath, specification,drawings. The official
fee is $30.
Our charge, in simple cases, is $30 for preparing
Total ordinary expense,
and attending to the case.
$60.
sometimes
divided
be
of
By means
reissue,a patent may
valuable
into several
Many of the most
separate patents.
manner
in
as
"
reissued
several times
been
patents have
Where
a
patent is infringed and the claims
defective, it is
claims
On
a
new
common
to
apply
for
a
and
subdivided.
are
doubtful
reissue
with
or
new
the
speciallymeet
infringers.
the
old or originalpamaking application for reissue,
tent
that
to the Patent-Office,in order
must
be surrendered
in its place. If the originalpabe issued
patent may
tent
which
has
been
shall
lost, a certified
copy
of
the
patent
must
be
furnished, with affidavit as to the loss. To enable us to prepare
send to us the original
a reissue,the
applicant should
of the
as
stated, and give a clear statement
patent, remit
We
corrected.
then
he wishes
to have
can
points which
MUNN
" Co.,
Address
immediately proceed with the case.
We
had
have
37 Park
twenty-fiveyears'
Row, New- York.
experience in obtaining reissues.]
29
PATENTS.
CONCERNING
INFORMATION
Disclaimer*.
mistake, the
in any patent is too
claim of invention
broad, embracing
the original
than that of which the patentee was
or first
more
material or substantial
inventor,some
part of the thing patented
being truly and justlyhis own, the patentee, his heirs
or
assigns,whether of the whole or of a sectional interest,
make
disclaimer
of such parts of the thing patented as
may
shall not choose to claim or to hold by virtue
the disclaimant
of his
of the patent or assignment,statingtherein the extent
by inadvertence, accident, or
Whenever,
interest in such
attested
by
patent ; which
in writing,
witnesses,and recorded
officialfee on
a disclaimer
filing
one
or
The
Patent-Office.
shall be
disclaimer
more
in the
is ten
dollars.
Extensions.
Power
is vested
in the Commissioner
to extend
any
patent
the
granted prior to March
2d, 1861, for seven
years from
expirationof the originalterm ; but no patent grantedsince
March
2d, 1861, can be extended.
The applicant for an extension
file his petition and
must
than six months
less
nor
pay in the requisitefee not more
than
ninety days prior to the expiration of his patent.
There
is
no
after it has
The
in the
power
once
Commissioner
to
renew
a
patent
expired.
applicantfor
an
extension
must
furnish
to
the office
writing,under oath, of the ascertained value
of the invention,and of his receiptsand expenditures on account
this
both
in
and
countries.
This
thereof,
foreign
ficient
be
made
statement
must
particularand in detail,unless sufis set forth why such a statement
be
not
reason
can
It must
within
after
furnished.
filed
be
thirtydays
filing
the petition.
[NOTE. Only patents issued prior to March 4th, 1861, can
a
in
statement
"
be extended.
Many valuable patents are annually expiring which might
readilybu extended, and, if extended, might prove the source
of wealth
to
their
All the documents
fortunate
possessors.
connected
with extensions
requireto
be
HO
INTOKMATIOX
CONCERNING
carefullydrawn
In
of the
as
proceedingsor
of the
decease
for and
apply
pancy,
failure,discre-
any
is liable to defeat
papers
granted to
or
but
;
MONN
extension
no
assignee of
an
will address
desiringextensions
Parties
inventor,his administrator
the extension
receive
be applied for
can
to,
application.
case
may
attended
in the
untruth
or
the
and
up
PATENTS.
"
inventor.
an
Park
Co.,37
Row, New-York.]
A
or
assigned,either as
part thereof,by any
be
patent may
undivided
any
to the
is necessary
particular form of words
valid assignment, nor
need
the instrument
assignees of
of the
part only
every
the
entire
the
and
inventor
In
be
a
nessed,
sealed,wit-
to the assignee
request, issue directly
patent will,upon
the
writing.
constitute
to
acknowledged.
or
or
interest
of
instrument
No
A
whole
the
assignee
entire
in any invention,or to
undivided
an
jointly,when
interest has
where
case
interest
issues
patent
a
conveyed.
been
reissues
or
be recorded
to
an
signee
as-
in the Patent-Office
assignment
days before the Issue of the patent, and the
be sworn
to by the inventor.
must
specification
Every assignment or grant of an exclusive territorial
least
at
must
five
right must
months
void
a
from
as
against any
grant
or
The
convey
Such
a
the
few
the
is not
then
make
or
territorial
to
without
otherwise
or
it will
mortgagee
office.
be
for
;
use
or
to
sell his
he may
exclusive.
shop rights which are not
and
need
are
mere
licenses,
reception, and
to
them.
A
not
be
corded.
re-
generallyacknowledged
will be recorded
their
entitled
not
his
invention,or
or
They
days after
notice
separate rights under
convey
receiptof assignmentsis
persons
;
three
record.
on
may
conveyances
The
by
to
thereof
within
but, if recorded
time, it will protect the assignee or grantee
such
subsequent purchaser, whose
assignment
patentee
patent
Patent-Office
subsequent purchaser
consideration
that
the
in
execution
the
against any
valuable
after
recorded
be
in their
then
five-cent
turn
within
transmitted
revenue
to
stamp
INFORMATION
required for each
is
assignment,grant,
sheet
piece of
or
which
on
paper
be written.
license may
or
31
PATENTS.
CONCERNING
of Assignments of the entire interest in an
beforethe issue of letters-patent.
Forms
In consideration of
dollar to
one
an
invention
paid by Ephraim
me
G.
Hall, of Cleveland, Ohio, I do hereby sell and assignto said
and interest in and to a
Ephraim G. Hall all my right,title,
in plows, as fullyset forth and described
certain invention
which
I have prepared [if the applicain the specification
tion
has been alreadymade, say "and
filed"]preparatory
of
obtaining letters-patent
to
And
I do
hereby
of Patents
G. Hall, as
said
Hall
and
my
request
the sole
his
this 16th
hand
States
United
the
use
therefor.
Commissioner
to the
letters-patent
said
assignee,for
my
Ephraim G.
Witness
and
authorize
to issue the
the
and
Ephraim
said
behoof
of the
legalrepresentatives.
day of February, 1868.
J. F. CROSSETTE.
[Five-cent revenue
stamp.]
ihe entire interest in
Of
letters-patent.
dollars to me
In consideration of five hundred
paid by
Nathan
Wilcox, of Keokuk, Iowa, I do hereby sell and
and
all my right,title,
assign to the said Nathan Wilcox
interest in and
41,806,
for
granted
enjoyed by
to
an
me
the
for which
term
the
as
to the
this
July
same
said
Nathan
to
said letters
my
hand
[Five-cent revenue
Of
have
undivided
an
Wilcox
are
been
sale had
States,No.
United
head-lights,
locomotive
30th, 1864, the
assignment and
Witness
in
improvement
would
same
of the
letters-patent
to
the
be
held
full end
and
of the
granted,as fullyand entirely
held and
enjoyed by me if
not
made.
been
this 10th day of June, 1869.
KIMBALL.
HORACE
stamp.]
interest
in the
and
letters-patent
extension
thereof.
In
consideration
Obadiah
N.
Bush,
of
of
one
thousand
Chicago,
dollars
111.,I do
to
me
hereby
paid by
sell and
32
INFORMATION
assign to
in
to
same
to
said
the
part of all my
patent of the
CONCEENING
Obadiah
PATENTS.
N. Bush
and
right,title,
undivided
one
fourth
to the letters-
interest in and
United
States,No. 10,485, for an, improvement
granted to me May 16th,1856 ; the
cooking-stoves,
be held and
enjoyed by the said Obadiah N. Bush
the full end
of
the
for which
said
are
letters-patent
extension thereof,as fully
term
granted, and for the term of any
would have been held and enjoyed
and entirely
the same
as
by me if this assignment and sale had not been made.
Witness
this 7th day of January, 1869.
my hand
C. MORRIS.
JOHN
[Five-cent revenue
stamp.]
territorialgrant
Exausiae
of
In consideration
one
thousand
ly an
assignee.
dollars
to
me
paid by
Dinsmore, of Concord, N. H., I do hereby
the exH. Diusmore
clusive
grant and convey to the said William
within
the
of
vend
State
and
right to make, use,
William
H.
Wisconsin, and the counties of Cook and Lake in the State
other place or places,the improveand
in no
of Illinois,
ment
the
United
in corn-plantersfor which
of
letters-patent
States,dated August 15th,1867, were grantedtoLeverett R.
3d, 1867,
Hull, and by said Hull assignedto me December
by an assignment duly recorded in liber X8, p. 416, of the
the same
to be held and
joyed
enrecords of the Patent-Office,
as fullyand
entirely
by the said William H. Dinsmore
if
held and enjoyed by me
would have been
the same
as
this
grant had
Witness
my
been
not
hand
made.
this 19th
day of March,
1868.
ABRAHAM
[Five-centrevenue
MOORE.
stamp.]
License
"
shopriffJit.
of fiftydollars to me
paid by the firm
" Co., of Huntsville,
of Simpson, Jenks
Ala., I do hereby
" Co. tc
the said Simpson, Jenks
license and
empower
In consideration
manufacture, at
and
Huntsville,
singlefoundry and
other place or
in no
a
in cotton-seed
United
States,No.
machine
shop in said
places,the improvement
of the
which letters-patent
plantersfor
granted
71,846, were
to
me
November
34
COPY-RIGHTS.
COPY-BIGHTS.
citizen
ANT
or
of the United
resident
States may
obtain
is the
author, inventor, designer,or proprietor
of any book, map,
position,
chart, dramatic or musical comengraving,cut, print,or photograph or negative
thereof,or of a painting,drawing, chromo, statue,statuary,
a
copy-rightwho
of models
and
of
works
A
designs,intended
and
copy-rightcan
of
publication
obtained
be
not
is recorded
in
perfected as
unless
the title
or
scription
de-
libraryof Congress, beforethe
the
tfiework.
desire
who
be
fine arts.
the
Those
to
obtain
copy-rightsare requested to
Munn
" Co., No. 37 Park
with
communicate
Row, NewYork, and send us the title of the book, print,photograph,
will then
the title to be printed,
We
article.
cause
or
at Washington,
and recorded
as
by law required. The
Official Certificate of copy-rightwill then be immediately
Our charge to attend to the business
client.
of
to our
sent
obtaining a copy-rightis $5, which please remit with the
to
title.
If
a
is
copy-right
statue, statuary,
us
a
de.-ired for
model
or
or
brief descriptionthereof
Copy-rightsare granted for
and
may
renewal
renewed
be
is filed within
painting,
drawing,chrorao,
for
work
of art, send
a
design
a
and
$5.
the term
for
fourteen
six
months
of
twenty-eight
years,
additional
before
the
years,
if the
expirationof
the first term.
assigned; the assignment must
Librarian of Congress.
subjectto heavy fines
copy- rightsare
Copy-rightsmaybe
recorded
by
the
Infringersof
penalties.
Foreigners who are not residents of the United
obtain copy-rights
not
can
; but if residents,they
copyrights.
Address
COMMON
paint for
Munn
"
be
and
States
may
tain
ob-
Co. for further information.
with oil forms a good
mixed
hydraulic cement
roofs and out-buildings.It is water-proof and incombustib
MODELS
TRACING
35
PAPER.
MODELS.
IT
is
always
better
have
their
to
constructed
under
ventors
for inmodels
their
supervision,even
at
own
creased
in-
an
in money
time.
or
the
of
the
model,
During
making
cost
the inventor
often
perceives
important changes
vention
made, or where the in-
pointswhere
be
can
may
than
perfect
But
in
be rendered
at
was
more
first
templated.
con-
residence
in
instances,owing
distant parts or other causes, it is impossible for the inventor
to furnish a model.
In such cases, we (McxN " Co.) can
have proper models
built by experiencedand trusty makers,
at
moderate
to
some
charges.
PAPER.
TRACINQ
OPEN*
a
5rst sheet
quire of double
with
a
crown
and
tissue-paper,
varnish
of mastic
mixture
and
brush
the
oil of turpentine,
and
equal parts ; proceed with each sheet similarly,
dry them on lines by hanging them up singly. As the process
of
the
absorb
the
under
sheets
a
nish,
varportion
goes on,
sheets
if
brushed
and
less
than
were
single
require
separately. The inventor of this varnish for tracing-paper
received a medal
from the Royal Society. It
and premium
the paper quite lightand
eaves
transparent, it may readily
"e written
drawings traced with a pen are permanently
on, and
visible.
Used
by learners to draw out lines. The
is clearlyseen, and
)apcr is placed on the drawing,which
hold the tracing-paper
outline is made, taking care
to
in
teady. In this way, elaborate drawings are easilycopied.
ALCOHOL
water
74"
has
of the
is
same
equal
than
more
to
double
temperature.
that
of
water
the
The
at
expansive force
steam
'212".
of
When
alcohol
of
at
proper
for saving the fluid from being lost,
can
means
it is supposed that alcohol can
be employed with advantage
be
as
the
moving
invented
power
for
engines.
36
VOICE
OF
VOICE
THE
OP
WE
PEOPLE.
PEOPLE.
THE
fill several
might
volumes
from
testimonials
all
with
tering
flat-
parts of
the
world, certifyingto the great value of THE
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, but the limits of this
little book
only permit us to make a few
Bead
selections.
MESSRS.
the
EDITORS
following:
Since I had
:
of
receivingthe back
interestingand instructive
shown
specimens
and
twice
five
obtained
he
AMERICAN,
several years
by
which
roughly scoop
in science
and
of various
set forth
in such
told
he has
off the
should
SCIENTIFIC
regularlyfor
art
of all the
cream
that have
ies
discover-
new
recorded
been
in
the
umns
col-
year ; but the facts
torted
disoften so mutilated
or
periodicalsduring the
annual
works
are
condensation,and so
of no value.
be practically
Every
land
had
encyclopedias,the compilers of
in the
the
taken
he
singlere-
a
of THE
out
ufacturers
man-
in this
that
me
dollars for
copied
which
into
annually condensed
are
influential
I presume
this is not
isolated case,
an
It is just such journalsas yours that
; and
hundreds.
many
of your
journal,I have
mechanics
intelligent
man
sure
plea-
numbers
to several
vicinity. One
cipethat
the
subscribe
for
meagre
mechanic
THE
in
outline,as
to
farmer
in
and
SCIENTIFIC
AMERICAN,
benefit,but also that of his children ;
he may
Franklin
have
a
a Fulton, a West
or
a Watt, in
or
that littlemarble-player whom
he pets in his leisure hours ;
not
and
only for
his
the natural
own
bias of the child's mind
pursuits requiresto be
agricultural
developed by intellectual nourishment
quantityas can. be derived only from
or
Never
Say
but
Avoid
at the expense
money
little think much
and do
make
"
borrowing and lending.
toward
mechanical
confirmed
of such
a
further
qualityand
journal like
of your
more.
a
or
your
reputation.
CONDENSING
THE
STEAM-ENGINE.
THE
EVERY
and
mechanic
familiar
ENGINE.
with
the
inventor
a, steam
parts
make
himself
erally
gen-
operation of the
in gaining this knowledge,
them
densing
Cona
diagram of the common
construction
steam-engine. To assist
we
subjoin for reference
Engine, with letters
the various
should
and
of reference
to
the
names
of
:
cylinder; b, piston ;
c, upper
steam
port
or
sage
pasmotion
beam
e, parallel
port ;
; ff,
;
crank
i
rod
eccentric
k
i,fly-wheel;
;
K,
; A,
y, connecting
steam-valve
and
and its rod for working the steam-valve
; I,
; d, lower
steam
e
casing ; m, throttle-valve ; n, condenser
; o, injection-cock
;
hot
well
to
create
vacuum
; r, shifting-valve
p, air-pump ; g,
the
to
in condenser
previous
starting
engine; s, feed-pump
to
to supply boilers ; t, cold-water
supply condenser
pump
;
of
the
and
A
above
tion,
descripstudy
diagram
", governor.
of engines in
in connection
with attentive observation
assistance
in acquiring a general
motion, will be of much
the followWe
recommend
understanding of the machine.
38
TO
HINTS
ing
for careful
works
standard
LETTER-WKITEKS.
thoroughly posted :
Steam-Engine,Main " Brown's
become
[From
Bourne's
Marine
Scientific
The
all who
desire
Catechism
of
to
the
Steam-Engine.
American.]
LETTER-WRITING
TO
HINT
A
study by
BORES.
E
consider, as a general thing, that our
correspondentsare a fair and high-minded
such as we
set of men,
are
most
happy to
far
accommodate
it is
as
by answering,so
all their inquiries;
in our
but there
power,
few
whom
of
a
we
can
are
very justlycomall
of quessorts
tions,
jplain. They put to us
which
to
answer
might require a
valuable
half- day of our
time ; and if we
off with a short answer,
snub them
they are
in
back
likelyto reply
complaining terms.
be
It cannot
reasonably expected of us,
time
shall spend our
in such
that we
to
We
to
be
mean
dating,
accommous
letter-writing.
profitless
all
time
in getting
to
waste
consent
but cannot
our
how
not
to know
information
for correspondents who
seem
the value
of our
forbearance
or
our
to appreciate either
time.
As
an
example of what we mean, we have a case
to hunt through our
A correspondentwants
before us.
us
which
book
filea for a notice of some
appeared in THE
and
to help him
AMERICAN
SCIENTIFIC
to
some
years ago,
find
for
him
find the book.
He also wants
to
us
an
English
"
"
which
book
do
we
believe
not
be
can
had
in this market.
correspondent wants us to send to England without
delay to get something which would require time and money
he don't even
for him, but in regard to which
to procure
Another
inclose
a
incloses
would
three-cent
three
cost
us
stamp
cents, and
two
correspondentsto
more
than
you
will have
cent
no
wants
hours' hard
such
a
to
and
cause
a
know
our
pre-pay
a
calculation
study.
that
letter.
our
half per hour.
of complaint.
made
It is well
time
Treat
Another
enough
is worth
us
which
to
for
us
and
fairly,
39
PATENTS.
CANADIAN
PATENTS.
CANADIAN
THE
Canada
of
grant
very fa
The
proceedings
on
terms.
are
can
Ameri-
to
patents
quite
similar
the
United
of
those
criminatio
dis-
eigners,
against forpermits the
inventors
vorable
of
all
abolishes
and
to
law
patent
new
States Patent-Office.
In
apply for a
furnish
a
working
improved parts ; the
the longestside.
on
order
__
patent in Canada, the
model, showing
model
not
the
Send
or
model,
"
which
$75 ; for
its
merits,by
Row.
Co., 37 Park
are
The
follows
as
:
For
years'patent, $95
ten
a
patent, $115.
with
eighteen inches
of
a description
Also
by draft,check, or postal order
expenses,
pay
with
Munn
to
order
their
the
exceed
to
otherwise
applicant must
operation of the
to
five and
privilegeof extension
ten
a
; for
the
five
a
express
remit
to
to
money
years' patent,
years'
fifteen
years'patents
are
granted
fifteen years.
the government
to
fees,drawings,
charges cover
weeks'
and
all
From
six
to twelve
specifications,
expenses.
time are
ordinarilyrequired in order to obtain the patent.
that have been patented in this country for not
Inventions
than one
be patented in Canada.
more
During
may
year
The
above
the first year
of
the
Canadian
import the improvement
may
but
within
two
years
he must
patent, the
from
holder
the States
commence
the
if he
thereof
prefers;
manufacture
in Canada.
regard to Canadian Patents can
" Co., SCIENTIFIC
charge by addressingMunn
A
of
circular
in
be
had
free
AMERICAN
of Canada
The Dominion
Office,37 Park Row, New- York.
is a splendid field for the introduction
inventions.
of new
Her population is 5,000,000, and rapidlyincreasing. Her
people partake of the spiritof enterprisewhich governs here.
tic
The Canadians
are
now
building a railway from the Atlanof reand
newed
to the Pacific,
every thing indicates a spirit
activity.
40
IMPORTANCE
OF
FOREIGN
FOREIGN
PATENTS.
PATENTS.
INVENTORS
AMERICAN
should
a
bear
in mind
invention
general rule,any
which
is valuable
that,as
the
to
entee
pat-
in this country, is worth
in England
equally as much
and
other
some
Four
tries.
foreigncoun-
patents
"
ican,
Amer-
English, French, and
ventor
inan
Belgian will secure
exclusive
monopoly
his discovery among
to
one
"
hundred
millions
of the most
intelligentpeople
The
world.
and
be
communication
steam
obtained
abroad
by
our
in
the
facilitiesof business
such, that patents can
as
citizens almost
easilyas at
are
home.
required in any European country, but
in the preparathe utmost
and experience is necessary
care
tion
of the specifications
and drawings. A variety of small
official formalities
be paid ; many
tax duties and
other
fees must
also to be observed
in obtainingforeign patents.
are
It is therefore important that the applicant should
place his
Models
business
For
are
not
in the hands
the
of
past twenty
established
years,
the
and
reliable
agents.
majority of all patents
been obtained
in foreign countries have
by Americans
PATENT
AMERICAN
" Co.'s SCIENTIFIC
through MUNN
AGENCY, and nearly all of this foreign patent business is
in this branch
still done by us.
Our experience and success
taken
is very
The
out
great.
will give a general idea of the
followingsummary
granting and duration of European Patents :
Great Britain.
Patents
are
granted for fourteen years
the first importer. If
who is the inventor
to any person
or
in any other country,
been previouslyobtained
a patent has
the British patent expires with it. The British patent extends
Great Britain and Ireland,but does not include
over
"
42
HOW
HOW
TO
SELL
TO
PATENTS.
SELL
PATENTS.
tle
prefatoryportion of this lithave
work, we
presented hints
of inventthe general success
ors,
IN the
upon
and
the
great value of
the
even
But
it must
not
simplestinventions.
be
a
supposed, because
patent is
granted,that the world will run after
unknown
an
unknown
In
patent.
him
from
buy
to
man
order
an
sell
to
a
patent, judiciouseffort is required on
the part of the inventor
his agent.
or
final
Indeed, his
to
considerable
a
business
himself
make
with
sliould prepare
in the most
of
the
specimens or
perfectmanner,
the improvement
so
to
as
of his
machines
readilyto
first
the merits
its sale is to make
He
energy.
should
invention,and
thereof,made
exhibit
the
erations
op-
others.
obtaining a patent, the
After
his
thoroughly conversant
merits
model
depend,
extent, upon
and
tact
will
success
fecting
ef-
grand requisitein
and
importance
of the
This may
be done in various
improvement publiclyknown.
in newspapers,
by cards,circulars,
ways : by advertisements
pamphlets, etc.,by local and travellingagents. Some
sons
perin
town
them
each
or
a
appoint agents
county, giving
liberal portion of the net proceedsfor the sale of rights,or
the receiptsfor machines
sold.
handsome
a
upon
per cent
In estimatingthe value of patent rightsfor different States,
method
is to fix the price
counties,etc.,one very common
of population.
with reference
to the amount
One of the most
comprehensive and powerful methods
before the public,is
of bringingthe merits of an invention
to
This
It is
engraved in THE
paper, publishedweekly, has
by probably not less than one
it noticed
have
seen
thousand
persons
country.
readers,who
comprise
of scientific and
The
SCIENTIFIC
and
fact of
a
largecirculation.
or
publicationin
hundred
two
all of the most
mechanical
CAN.
AMERI-
intelligent
acquirements
THE
SCIENTIFIC
in
the
AMKR-
HOW
is
ICAN
the
TO
passport
a
judgment
and
their attention
to
and
of
"
has
I
well
been
illustrated
fullyunderstand
the right."
such
upon
advice
is
a
suppose
by all other
than
new
to
you
patents
more
It
AMERICAS,
I advise
that
sons
per-
tions
inven-
invention.
good
SCIENTIFIC
in THE
its construction.
We
mechanical
rights and
purchasers
patent
Yes, that
apt to rely.
are
It is upon
favor.
of scientific and
advice
the
that
43
PATENTS.
SELL
agenciesand
and
chase
pur-
sold
are
put
means
together.
sale,it is always advisable to have the patent
SCIENTIFIC
taken
the
AMERICAN
AGENCY.
out
through
The study necessary
to the preparation of the specification
and
drawings familiarizes our minds with the merits of the
invention,and as all worthy inventions
patented by us are
To
assist the
noticed
in
THE
SCIENTIFIC
speak of them with
We
keep artists
AMERICAN,
we
enabled
are
to
degree of authority.
gravings
constantly employed in preparing enfor THE
All our
SCIENTIFIC
AMERICAN.
engravings
We
old
Parties
who
desire
cuts.
are
never
print
original.
huve
AMERICAN
to
engravings inserted in THE SCIENTIFIC
will please address
MCNN
" Co., 37 Park
Row, New- York.
After
publication,the engravings will be returned to the
who
owner,
can
some
then
them
use
for other
papers,
circulars,
etc.
TO
AGENTS
WE
are
make
it
often
askeil
to
sell
give
SELL.
the
of
names
We
partieswho
rarely enabled
do so.
to
Such
concerns
are
generally quite fugitivein
their character.
An
office is opened, signs displayed,a few
customers
engaged, and then suddenly the shop is closed.
The truth is,that the profitupon
the sales of a singlegood
it furnishes
patent is equivalent to a fortune,and the business
is enough to fullyengage
the attention of many
son?.
pera
Our
business
advice
of
for
to
to
patents.
patentees is : Take
sellingyourselves. If you
and
friends,
agents among
your
in your
invention.
want
are
hold
of
the
ness
busi-
assistance,search
interest
them
specially
44
INCOME
FKOM
PATENTS.
ROYALTY.
from patents is royof income
profitablesource
involves a sort of contract
between
a
*alffi~This, in effect,
the latter,
in consideration
;patentee and a manufacturer, by which
ONE
1
very
of license
patentee
specifiedsum
a
patentee of the
fasten
inventor
of
dollars.
I.
We
license and
method
of
has
a
to
at
was
from
year
dollars
ten
said
each
on
censes
li-
grant
receive
to
and
machine,
at five hundred
estimated
been
to
to
royalty of a few
time reported to
one
this source.
Howe,
sewing-machine,is
the
royalty of from five
income
income
dollars
accustomed
was
used
commonly
so
receivinga
on
His
per dozen.
be fifty
thousand
annual
lamps,
upon
manufacturers
pay to the
sold.
The
to
article when
chimney-spring,now
cents
the
thing,agrees
each
upon
chimneys
to
the
make
to
a
his
thousand
The
examples of success.
might give many
the most
profitable
royaltyplan is oftentimes
employing patents.
is the
CIRCLE
A
of all
within
area
the
contains
plainfigures,or
greatest
capacious
most
the
line
out-
same
perimeter.
or
find
To
circumference
the
of
circle,multiply the diameter
3.1416, and the product will be
a
by
the
circumference.
of
find the diameter
To
divide the circumference
the
and
Any
circle whose
tains four tunes
Some
ship of
not
so.
workmen
unless
employed
to
it
made
have
can
by 3.1416,
eter.
the diam-
be
another,con-
be
bring out
entitled to
themselves
employers think
Employers
circle,
;
of the other.
area
all inventions
that of
is double
diameter
the
quotientwill
a
by
no
claim
shown
such
their workmen.
to
the
But
the inventions
that the latter
inventions.
was
owner
this is
of their
ly
special-
VALUE
[From
OF
The
PATENTS
Scientific
ON
45
PATENTS.
American.]
SMALL
AN
THINGS.
English firm
a
ends.
has
lately
patented
peculiarshape
By making them conical,or
for candle-
will fit any
tapering,they
without
stick
candle-
being papered
up in other
ways.
small
royalty on each
very
of candles
to
revenue
pecuniary
at
seen
might
be
kered
tin-
or
Now,
a
pound
will give a largeannual
the inventors,and
the
value
of
their
Similar
once.
given from
idea
is
instances
home,
inventors
where
have
originated1
and
secured
some
it,they have
simple article in daily use
the
ivcd large rewards.
m-t
Despise not
day of small
ride
things,"says the proverb, and we may say, in addition,decases
at
'".
"
idea
no
useless
as
that
tends
to
advance
the
and
arts
simple.
sciences,merely because it seems
A
of
great misconception prevails in the minds
very
in respect to patents.
They arc regarded
many
persons
fame
to
or
as
toriety.
i-liietly
stopping-stones
passports to future noinvention
An
is
delusion.
This
is a
first
huge
and principally
though
an
investment, just as an artist's picture,alThe glory
venture.
is a commercial
an
inspiration,
and renown
attachingto either picture or invention is the
the
afterpart,
The
natural
to
dessert
to
the solid feast
result of the mistake
underrate
the value
on
alluded
dollars and
to
of their ideas.
is to
cents.
lead
It is not
at
persons
all
"
! get a patexclaim, What
ent
little
that
that
affair
!
on
can
thing !" in alludingto some
will
be carried in the pocket. That
very despised thing"
doubtless
of a good fortune,as many
be the foundation
a
to
uncommon
individuals
hear
"
'!similar
article has
been
before
it.
manufacture
art or
improvement in some
suggests
itself to an individual,
and he straightway applies it to his
shall he
with very great advantage. Now, what
own
use
The
do ?
Patent
it and
secure
the fruit of his
genius to
him-
46
POWER
CONDUCTING
self,or
give
would
man
it to the world
the former
say
where
price ? The business
if notorietybe the object,
The
not
Scientific
American.]
SPARKLING-
A
METALS.
only means, but distinction,
attained,the second follows.
the first is
[From
without
; because
great patents confer
and
OF
VANE.
for buildingsmay
be
elegant vane
made
by placingin the centre a spiralor twisted spindle,as
shown
iii the above
This spindle should be hung on
"ut.
the spiralflanches
delicate pivots,and the spaces between
thin
with small pieces of looking-glass
or
nearly covered
A
and
curious
VERY
pieces of
mica.
The
the reflectors will
as
of them
will be
sure
producinga
put it in motion, and
every possibleposition,several
present the reflection of the sun at
assume
to
from
revolution,
every
thus
will
least breeze
whatever
constant
and
it may
be viewed,
brilliant sparkling.
point
very
POWER
CONDUCTING
ELECTRICAL
OF
METALS.
THE
effect of the
is to raise their
are
from
temperature
their
to
silver
electrical
copper
; the
the subjoined table :
Heat
Silver,
Copper,
....................
Gold,
...................
....................
Zinc
to
a
less
conducting power.
and
metallic
discharge on
or
cording
greater degree,ac-
The
poorest, lead
evolved.
6
6
9
18
best
;
as
conductors
will be
Conducting
120
120
80
40
.....................
Platinum,
Iron,
30
...............
30
....................
Tin,
Lead,
.....................
....................
36
72
bodies
24
24
20
12
seen
Power.
[From
Scientific
The
TO
IMPORTANT
States
United
THE
47
EXAMINATION.
PRELIMINARY
THE
American.]
INVENTOBS.
Office at "Washington contains
Patent
pertainingto patented inventions,all
to
of which
are
public inspection and examination,
open
to.
relatingtheretogetherwith the drawings and specifications
the time and exBut the distance of the Capitaland
pense
in
involved
in a journey thither
deter,
fact, the
majorityof inventors from reaping the advantageswhich a
of previously patented inventions
personal examination
this difficulty
To obviate
we
might oftentimes give them.
these
examinations
(Munn " Co.) are in the habit of making
nearly 50,000
the
at
When
Office for inventors.
Patent
it is desired
whether
an
invention, believed
definitely
been
previouslymade, or to what extent,
ascertain
has
new,
models
it has
been
sketch
and
thorough
anticipated,the applicant sends
We
descriptionof the device.
in the
examination
to
be
to
if any,
a
rough
make
then
Office at
Patent
us
to
a
Washington,
applicant. The charge for this
of saving
service is only $5, and it is frequentlythe means
of preparinga model, paythe applicantthe entire expense
ing
the
that
the
fact
Government
fees, etc., by revealing
whole
material
ly
or
portionof his improvement was previousreport the result
and
This
known.
of
importance
so
as
to
class.
the
is sometimes
also
preliminary examination
assistingto properlyprepare the papers,
with
conflicting
avoid
should
reader
The
other
inventions
carefully note
in the
the
same
distinction
Patent
at the
preliminaryexamination
and
and the examination
opinion given at our office,
orallyor by letter,for which no fee is expected. It
made
this
between
Office
either
is
in
to
only when
that the fee
of
special search is made
of "5 is required. We
are
a
submitted
cases
without
this
to
us, to
at
the
Patent
Office
ber
able,in a vast numdecide the question of patentabil
special search.
See page
6 of
this
little work.
WIIE.V
done
by
will
cause
feet
the
means
air
is
of
the water
a
pump-tube, (usually
piston,)the pressure of the atmosphere
to a heightof thirty
to rise in the tube
exhausted
from
a
48
VALUE
OF
THE
"
SCIENTIFIC
THE
that if
SCIENTIFIC
few
a
of
AMERICAN.
induce
readers
intelligent
merit, to subscribe
shall
we
the
conviction
It is
be
of
and
the
which
idea of its most
consider
THE
valuable
earned
tude.
grati-
have looked
we
early opportunity to
satisfaction
doing so.
and
To
characteristic into
SCIENTIFIC
their
degree of regularity,
any
an
in
large class
can
having
extreme
experienced
have
we
sure
appreciatetrue
for this excellent
cation,
publiin
abundantly rewarded
with
take
we
are
ation
commend-
of that
any
who
only recentlythat
into its columns
We
"
of seasonable
words
should
AMERICAN.
interest
condense
our
sentence,
one
press
ex-
we
embodying the highest
function of all science,namely, its applicationto the
of life,
in clear,pure, agreeevery-day concerns
practical,
able
will
It
and
a
a
ful
usepleasant guest
language.
prove
Watchman,
companion at any fireside it may enter."
AMERICAN
as
"
L.
Oreenport,
THE
SCIENTIFIC
studied
by
idler,rich
every
every
AMERICAN
It has
a
to
be
learn
from
taken, read, and
or
or
old, worker
young
country. It commends
in the
poor,
and is useful
one,
ought
intelligent
man,
or
scientific may
it.
I.
and
all.
to
interesting
it,and
peculiarcharm
the
The
most
unscientific understand
it that
about
itself to
interests
and
fects
af-
We
with a grain of sense
in his head.
every
person
after a thorough pein the habit of sending our
copy,
rusal,
are
receives it writes us,
and the friend who
the army,
that it is longthat he likes it better than any other paper;
ingly
his
and
waited
and
read
comrades,
by
for,
eagerly
to
never
its circulation
ceases
are
no
until
longer readable.
"
so
bethumbed
Westchester
that its columns
County
Journal.
CAN,
that,by subscribingto THE SCIENTIFIC AMERIof
of the year, an
amount
you receive,in the course
readingmatter nearly equal to four thousand ordinarybook
Remember
pages.
THE
from
lightof lightningand
150
to
200
miles.
its
will penetrate
reflections,
50
HEAT-CONDUCTING
ZUR
POWER
BEACHTUNG
FUR
OF
BODIES.
DEUTSCHE
ER-
PINDER.
S)ie
babm
eine
Unterjeid)neten
9(nlettuitg
bevauSgegeben,roeld)e
angtebttr"a" ju befolgeniftrim ein
unb felbige
tvirb
patent ^u ftcfyern,
auf ^ortofreie
Slnfragegratisabge*
bent neuen
lonnen Siirger alter Sanber
"taaten
tente in ben 23ereinigtcn
benfelben SBebingnngenerlqn"
git
bie
ten "taaten
hue
gen,
ber 83eretnig"
S3iirger
jelbft.
"
37
Wo.
|1ark iRoro, Hci"-l)ork.
Scientific American
A
a
load has
MOVING
load
at
is 4150
beam
pounds,
beam.
For
rest.
The
at
30
greater effect
example,
pounds,
moved
much
a
if the
on
Office.
a
than
beam
breaking weight of
a
the load
being at rest, a load of 1778
the same
per hour, will break
miles
deflection of
girdersincreases
with
the
velocity
of the load.
HEAT-CONDUCTING
Platinum,
Silver,
Copper,
Iron,
Zinc,
RELATIVE
DIFFER-
BODIES.
ENT
Gold,
OF
POWER
1000
Tin,
304
ISO
97-3
Lead,
Marble,
898
Porcelain,
12
874
368
FireCIay,
11
FireBrick
11
9S1
CONDUCTING
24
POWER
OF
FLUIDS.
Mercury,
Water
.\.1000
857
Proof
Spirit,
Alcohol, (pure,)
812
282
IMPORTANCE
OF
[From
five per
inventions.
chemical
leaves
The
substances
elements,while
or
in all his inventions
But
course
wish
we
benefactor
of mankind.
substances
has
been
a
soon
to
virtues
a
and
may
be
time
:
May
more
is limited
merit
the
of
as
a
new
of
result
chemical
;
other
useful than
only
product
iodine,chromine,
things,now
mon,
com-
I would
photography
influenced
volumes
many
ever
SCIENTIFIC
otherwise
empty
;
others
complete
poverty
neglect to
to
and
and
I
compel
AMERICAN
shelves."
or
am
me
wonderful
more
?
electro-telegraphing
call at
to
its host
without
the
in
speaking
of readers
supper
book-store
on
for
say that I have
I have my
do likewise.'
from volume
five ; and
proud
go and
nicelybound
to
of arts
going
'
is
neglected,which
Buffalo,says,
of
of wealth
reasonably expect that
AMERICAN
think
soon
as
kind
things now
invention
SCIENTIFIC
rare
same
not
we
in
the
to
Paper of papers
my
a
made
of the
more
discovered
Thursday night as
should
much
as
hundred
a
developed.
be
of the value of THE
and
known
correspondent,writing from
"
the
sixty or
his real
too
of it was
use
that much
doubt
more
A
the
and
was
long
very
directlylead
will
have
specimens on the
of the chemist's curiosity-shop,
before they were
and we
to be of the greatest value
cannot
to men,
were
have
the
far the introduction
slow
Illuminatinggas
for
as
tions,
combina-
the mechanic
determine
to
too
any
and
chloroform, aniline,
found
awake
use
Thus
for centuries before
shelves
this fact
of only five mechanical
ments.
eleof reasoning is a little unfair for
the
to
this
chemist, if
chance.
wide
so
of all the
infinite in number,
almost
the
not
are
for
are
impression which
first
chemists
patents issued
it seems,
too, as if the chemists
the range of all the
for they have
chance,
simple
of all the
cent
And
mechanics.
best
the
is that
INVENTION.
CHEMICAL
than
LESS
American.]
the Scientific
FOE,
FIELD
51
INVENTIONS.
CHEMICAL
to
Bible
sell my library,my
remain
the
to
should
grace
to
52
PATENT
1870.
OF
LAWS
THE
LAWS
PATENT
OK
UNITED
STATES
PASSED
AN
ACT
to
to
Be
of
JULY
patents and
United
there
That
OF
AMERICA.
8, 1870.
revise,consolidate,and
it enacted
the
THE
by
shall be
lating
re-
copy-rights.
the Senate
States
amend^thestatutes
of
mid
House
America
in
of Representatives
Congress assembled:
terior
Department of the Inthe office,
heretofore
the Patent-Off
as
established,known
wherein
all records, books, models, drawings,
and other papers
and things pertaining
to paspecifications,
tents
shall be safelykept and
preserved.
attached
OFFICERS,
to
SALARIES,
the
SURETIES.
AND
be it further enacted,That the officers and
SEC. 2. And
sioner
employees of said office shall continue to be : one Commisof
Patents,one
Assistant
be
to
examiners-in-chief,
by
and
chief
with
the
advise
examiner
Commissioner, and three
appointed by the President,and
and
in
of
consent
the
Senate
;
one
clerk,
twentyinterferences,
charge
first-assistant
ners,
examiprincipalexaminers, twenty-two
twenty-two second-assistant examiners,one librarian,
one
machinist,five clerks of class four,six clerks of class
clerks of class two, forty-five
clerks of class one,
three,fifty
two
one
of
PATENT
and
be
LAWS
shall
purchasing clerk,all of whom
Secretaryof the Interior,
tion
upon nomina-
the
appointed by
of Patents.
of the Commissioner
SEC. 3. And
be it
further enacted,That the Secretaryof
also appoint,upon
like nomination, such
the Interior may
additional clerks of classes
copyistsof
and
SEC. 4. And
be
follows
as
Of the
of lower
one, and
grades,
borers,
copyists,skilled laborers,la-
may
be
from
time
furtlierenacted,That
be it
officersand
of the
and
two
drawings,female
watchmen, as
by Congress
for
53
and
messenger
one
1870.
OF
employees of
time
to
priated
appro-
the annual
the Patent-Office
ries
salashall
:
Patents,four
thousand
five hundred
Commissioner, three
thousand
dollars.
of
Commissioner
dollars.
Of
the
Assistant
dollars each.
dollars.
five hundred
three
Of the examiners-in-chief,
Of the chief clerk,two thousand
Of the examiner
the
thousand
two
charge of interferences,
dollars.
five hundred
Of
in
thousand
principalexaminers, two
thousand
five hundred
dollars each.
Of
the
first assistant
dollars
Of
the
Of
the
Of
the
dred
eighthun-
thousand
each.
Of the second
dollars
examiners,one
assistant
examiners,one
thousand
dred
six hun-
each.
thousand
dollars.
one
librarian,
eighthundred
dollars.
six hundred
machinist,one thousand
thousand
clerks of class four,one
eight hundred
dollars each.
Of
the
dollars
Of
dollars
clerks
of
class
three,one
thousand
six hundred
each.
the
clerks of class
two,
thousand
one
four hundred
each.
Of the clerks of class one,
each.
one
Of the messenger
and
Of
watchmen,
laborers
and
thousand
two
purchasingclerk,one
seven
hundred
hundred
thousand
and
lars
dol-
lars.
dol-
twenty
dollars each.
Of
the
additional
clerks, copyists
of
drawings, female
54
LAWS
PATKNT
OF
1870.
such rates
copyists,and skilled laborers,
the acts making appropriationsfor them.
SEC. 5. And
be it
as
may
be fixed
by
all officers and
further enacted,That
employees of the Patent-Office shall,before entering upon
for affirmation trulyand faithfully
their duties,make
oath
the trusts
to execute
SEC. 6. And
and
committed
enacted,That the Commissioner
verally
enteringupon their duties,shall seof the
to the Treasurer
sureties,
clerk,before
give bond, with
State?,the former
and
will render
faithful
sum
DUTIES
7. And
to
OF
be it
sum
of ten
thousand
of five thousand
dischargeof
the proper
of all money
received
account
SEC.
in the
the latter in the
for the
they
them.
be it further
chief
United
to
ditioned
dollars,con-
duties,aud
their
lars,
dolthat
officersof the treasury a true
by virtueof their office.
AND
COMMISSIONER,
OTHERS.
further enacted,That
it shall be
the
tary
Commissioner, under the direction of the Secreties
of the Interior,
to superintendor
perform all the durespectingthe granting and issuing of patents which
hereafter be, by law directed to be done ;
herein are, or may
and he shall have charge of all books, records,papers, models,
machines, and other thingsbelongingto said office.
duty
of the
SEC. 8. And
send and
may
be it further enacted,That
receive
the Commissioner
of postage, letters,
printed
the
of
his
business
to
fice,
ofrelating
by mail, free
matter, and packages
includingPatent-Office reports.
SEC. 9. And be it further enacted,That the Commissioner
shall lay before Congress,in the month
of January,annually,
of all moneys
received
statement
a report givinga detailed
from any
for patents, for copies of records or drawings,
or
other
source
whatever
;
a
detailed statement
of all expenditures
contingent and miscellaneous
; a list of
expenses
all patents which
were
granted during the preceding year,
designating under proper heads the subjects of such patents;
list
of
with
their
the
an
alphabetical
patentees
for
places of residence; a list of all patents which have been
extended
during the year ; and such other information of
the condition
or
the
of the Patent-Office
public.
as
may
be useful to Congress
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OF
55
EXAMIXERS-IX-CHIEF.
SEC. 10. And
be it
enacted,That the examinersfurt/ier
of competent
legalknowledge and
scientific ability,
whose duty it shall be, on the written petition
of the appellant,
the
to revise and
determine
lidity
vaupon
in-chief shall l"c persons
of the
decisions
adverse
of examiners
tions
applica-
upon
of patents, and
for patents, and for reissues
in interference
when
cases
required by the Commissioner,
; and
they shall hear and report upon claims for extensions,and
perform such other like duties as he may assign them.
SEC. 11. And
be it
furtherenacted,That
death, resignation,
absence,
in
of
case
the
sickness of the Commissioner,
his duties shall devolve
the Assistant
Commissioner
upon
until a successor
shall be appointed,
ness
or such absence
or sickshall
cease.
SEC. 12.
And
shall
such
device
records
or
be
cause
a
sioner
further enacted,That the Commisseal to be provided for said office,
with
it
the
as
President
issued from
papers
shall be authenticated.
or
may
said
approve,
with
to be
office,
which
used
all
in evidence,
MODELS.
SEC. 13. And
shall
in the
cases,
be it
sioner
further enacted,That the Commisclassified and arranged in suitable
to be
and galleries
provided for that purpose,
cause
rooms
the models, specimens of composition,fabrics,
manufactures,
works of art, and designs,
which have been or shall be deposited
in said office ; and
during suitable
open
said
hours
rooms
for
shall
galleries
publicinspection.
and
be
kept
sioner
the Commisbe it further enacted, That
to the respective
restore
applicantssuch of the
may
belongingto rejected applicationsas he shall not
SEC. 14. And
models
preserved,or he may sell or otherwise
after the applicationhas been finally
rejected
for one
year, paying the proceeds into the treasury,
other patent moneys
directed to be paid.
are
there shall be
SEC. 15. And
b? it further enacted,That
think
necessary
dispose of them
as
purchased, for
works
and
to
be
tific
sciena libraryof such
office,
both
periodicals,
foreignand American, as
the
use
of said
56
PATENT
may
LAWS
1870.
OF
aid the officers in the
the
dischargeof their duties,not exceeding
annuallyappropriatedby Congress for
amount
that purpose.
AND
OFFICERS
And
EMPLOYES
NOT
TO
HOLD
PATENTS.
enacted,That all officers and
fartJier
employees of the Patent-Office shall be incapable,
during the
quire
period for which they shall hold their appointments,to acor
take,directlyor indirectly,
except by inheritance
or
bequest, any right or interest in any patent issued by
SEC. 16.
said
be it
office.
conduct
furOier enacted,That for gross misrefuse to recognizeany perthe Commissioner
son
may
in
either
a patent agent,
generallyor
any particular
SEC. IV. And
as
case
and
ed,
refusal shall be duly recordsubject to the approval of the Secretary of the
the
; but
be it
be
for such
reasons
Interior.
SEC.
And
18.
be it
furtlierenacted,That
the
sioner
Commis-
if
require all papers filed in the Patent-Office,
and clearly
correctly,legibly,
written, to be printedat
may
not
the cost
of the
SKC. 19.
them.
party filing
And
be it
the
subject to
from
may
sioner,
furtlierenacted, That the Commisterior,
approval of the Secretaryof the In-
time
to
with
inconsistent
not
in the Patent
SEC. 20.
And
of
all
rules and
tions,
regula-
law, for the conduct
of proceedings
Office.
further enacted,That
be it
print or
may
time establish
to
cause
be
the
printed copies of
and
letters-patent,
of
the
sioner
Commisthe
drawings
fications
speciof the
copies of the claims of current
issues,and copies
same,
and
of such laws,decisions,rules,regulations,
circulars as
for the information
of the public.
be necessary
may
and
SEC. 21. And
be issued
in the
the seal of
Secretary of
aud
enacted,That
baitfurtfier
name
of the United
the Patent
they shall
be
patents shall
States of America, under
signed by the
and countersigned
sioner,
by the Commisrecorded,togetherwith the speci-
Office,and
the Interior
all
shall
be
58
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OP
of its
son
in
having been first patented or
foreigncountry ; provided the
a
been
introduced
more
than
two
into
public
prior to
years
patent shall expire
at the
in
use
the
same
caused
shall
same
the
than
more
seventeen
DESCRIPTION
And
SEC. 26.
or
be it
discoverer
ed
patenthave
not
States for
United
and that the
application,
time with the foreignpatent,
than one, at the
or, if there be more
the one
having the shortest term ; but illno
in force
to be
time
same
with
shall it be
case
years.
AND
SPECIFICATION.
furtherenacted,That
shall receive
patent
a
ventor
any infor his invention
before
discovery,he shall make applicationtherefor,in writing,
to the
Commissioner, and shall file in the Patent-Office a
of the same, and of the manner
written description
and process
or
of
in such
skilled in the
person
with
which
or
mode
so
as
making, constructing,
compounding,
full,clear,concise,and exact terms as
art
science
or
it is most
to
which
and
using it,
enable
to
any
it appertains,
nearly connected, to make,
struct,
con-
of a machine,
compound, and use the same
; and in case
he shall explain the principlethereof,and the best
in which he has contemplated applying that principle
to
it
distinguish
from
other
inventions
claim
particularly
point out and distinctly
or
discovery; and
by the inventor
said
and
SEC. 27. And
of
furnish
the
case
one
copy
attested
he
which
combination
claims
; and
the part, improvement,
his invention
or
as
and claim shall
specification
attested by two witnesses.
be it
further enacted, That
admits
of
signed by
he shall
be
when
signed
the
ture
na-
drawings, the applicant shall
the inventor
or
his
attorney in
fact,and
by two witnesses,which shall be filed in
the
Patent-Office; and a copy of said drawings, to be
to the pafurnished by the Patent-Office,shall be attached
tent
as
a part of the specification.
COMPOSITIONS.
SEC. 28. And
be itfurtherenacted,That
when
the
inven-
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OP
5'J
discovery is of a composition of matter, the applicant,
if required by the
Commissioner, shall furnish
specimens
and
of
in
of ingredients
the composition,sufficient
quantity
for the purpose
of experiment.
tion
or
Andbeit
which
further enacted,That in all cases
representation by model, the applicant,if required
SEC. 29.
of
admit
exhibit
to
furnish
Commissioner, shall
the
by
advantageously the
of convenient
one
partaof his
several
size
invention
discovery.
or
OATH
SKC. 30.
shall
And
make
himself
be it
oath
be
to
OF
INVENTION.
further enacted, That
affirmation
or
that
of the art, machine, manufacture,
for which
and
And
believe
; and
shall
said
in
oaths
;
solicits
not
does
used
or
he
oath
States
the
when
or
state
the
of
affirmation
or
United
the
that
patent
a
does
that
was
same
what
may
he
authorized
by
applicant resides in
a
know
not
known
before
he
is
a
citizen.
before
made
be
ment
improve-
or
does
ever
country
discoverer
or
composition,
;
applicant
verilybelieve
first inventor
originaland
the
he
the
law
to
an}1 person
administer
foreigncountry,
fore
be-
consul, or commercial
minister,charge d'affaires,
of the
the government
under
agent, holaing commission
United
States,or before any notary public of the foreign
any
which
in
country
the
OFFICIAL
SEC.
any
And
31.
such
be it
applicationand
examination
entitled to
a
useful
a
it shall
patent under
and
patent therefor.
EXAMINATION.
further enacted,That
by law, the Commissioner
made
of the allegednew
such
be.
applicantmay
the
payment
shall
cause
invention
of the
an
or
on
the
filingof
duty required
examination
and
discovery ;
that the claimant
appear
the law, and that the same
important, the Commissioner
to
if
be
on
is justly
ciently
is suffi-
shall issue
60
PATENT
LAWS
COMPLETION
And
SEC. 32.
for patents
OP
APPLICATION.
furtherenacted,That
be it
shall
1870.
OF
and
completed
be
after
the
all
prepared
of
filing
applications
for examination
the
and
petition,
in default thereof,or upon
applicant to prosecute
after
action
within two
the same
therein,of
any
years
the
notice shall have
which
been
given to
applicant,they
the
shall be regarded as abandoned
less
by
parties thereto,unwithin
two
years
failure of the
it be
such
that
shown
satisfaction of the
the
to
unavoidable
delay was
RIGHTS
SEC. 33. And
granted
or
entered
be it
issued
and
OF
ASSIGNEES.
further enacted,That
reissued
or
discoverer, the
of record
Patent-Office
in the
in
living,
of
case
AFTER
PATENTS
SEC. 34.
And
be it
discoverer
DECEASE
OF
invention
; and
case
be
ventor
infirst
the
tion
specificaalso,if he
reissue.
INVENTOR.
further enacted,That
made
the
and
the
being
in such
; but
made
be
for
application
an
assignee of
the
to
patents may
assignment thereof
applicationfor the patent shall
to by the inventor
or
sworn
be
Commissioner
when
any
son,
per-
discoveryfor which
or
having
any new
dies
been
before a patent is
have
a patent might
granted,
granted,the right of applying for and obtainingthe patent
his executor
shall devolve
or
on
administrator,in trust for
he shall have
the heirs at law of the deceased,in case
died
have
left
intestate ; or if he shall
a
will,disposing of the
then in trust for his devisees,in as full manner
and on
same,
aathe
and conditions
the same
terms
same
might have been
the
claimed
or
enjoyed by him in his lifetime ; and when
the
applicationshall be made by such legalrepresentatives,
oath or affirmation
required to be made shall be so varied
that it can
be made
in form
by them.
LAPSED
SEC. 35.
has
an
And
interest
AND
REJECTED
CASES.
be itfurtherenacted,That
in
an
invention
or
person who
discovery,whether as inany
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OF
61
for which a patent was
ed
orderventor, discoverer, or assignee,
of the final fee,but who
the payment
to issue upon
has
failed to make
from the
payment thereof within six months
it
at which
time
passed and allowed,and
was
thereof
notice
the
applicantor his agent, shall have a right to
make
covery
an
applicationfor a patent for such invention or disthe same
in
the
of an
as
case
originalapplication:
Provided,That the second applicationbe made within two
of the originalapplication. But
years after the allowance
shall be held
no
responsible in damages for the
person
to
sent
was
manufacture
of any
article
ordered to
was
aforesaid,
or
use
or
thing
for
which
a
issue,prior to the issue
That when
thereof: And
an
provided
applicationfor
further,
a patent has been
rejectedor withdrawn, prior to the passage
of this act, the applicant shall have six months
from
the date of such passage to renew
his application,
to file
or
omit
to do
a
new
one
either,his application
; and- if he
patent, as
shall be
held to have
of such
renewed
as
ASSIGNMENTS,
And
any
GRANTS,
shall be
in
writing; and
representativesmay,
mortgagee
notice,unless
months
law,by an
his assignsor
or
like manner,
grant and
from
void
for
a
it is recorded
the date
SEC. 37. And
as
an
convey
against any subsequent
valuable
in the Patent-Office
be it
RIGHTS
BEFORE
machine,
applicationby
within
three
PATENT.
enacted,That
furtfier
have purchased of the inventor,or
may
have constructed
ledge and consent
any
may
discovered
chaser
pur-
consideration, without
who
the
legal
thereof.
PURCHASERS'
or
or
ment
instru-
his patent to the whole
or
fied
speciany
United
States ; and said assignment, grant,
shall be
conveyance
or
in
patent
every
assignablein
patentee
sidered
con-
right under
part of the
or
the
hearing
CONVEYANCES.
be it furtherenacted,That
interest therein
exclusive
AND
the
shall be
applicationsabandonment
question of fact.
a
SEC. 36.
Upon
abandoned.
been
or
every
with
person
his know
newly invented
other patentablearticle,
prior to
the inventor
or
discoverer
for
a
patent, or
62
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OF
constructed,shall have the rightto use,
made
and vend to others to be used, the specificthings so
therefor.
or
purchased,without liability
sold
used
or
so
one
PATENTED
SEC. 88. And
and
of
article for
or
the word
"
patent
was
this
article,
wherein
STAMPED.
their
it shall be
the
and
legal representatives,
vending any patented
assigns
all persons
maKing or
under
them, to give sufficient
the
public that
BE
be it further enacted,That
all patentees, and
duty of
TO
ARTICLES
notice
to
the
is
patented,either by fixing thereon
patented,"together with the day and year the
granted; or when, from the character of the
be done, by fixingto it or to the packnot
can
age
of
them
is
label
or
taining
cona
one
more
inclosed,
same
notice ; and
the like
suit for
in any
infringement,
covered
failingso
mark, no damages shall be rethat
defendant
the
the
plaintiff,
by
except on proof
notified
of
the
and
was
continued, after
infringement,
duly
such notice,to make, use, or vend the article so patented.
the
by
to
party
PENALTY
And
SEC. 39.
shall,in
sold by
or
name
obtained
FOR
be it
manner,
any
him
for
FALSE
further enacted,That if any person
mark
upon
any thing made, used, or
which
he
has
imitation of the
any
MARKING.
obtained
not
of any
name
patent therefor,without
a
the
a
patent, the
who
person
of such
consent
patentee, or his assignsor legalrepresentatives
; or
any
the
mark
manner
"
word
patent,"or
or
patent"
any
counterfeit
or
upon
word
affix to any
such
the mark
or
device
of the
shall
in
patented article
"
"
patentee,"or the words
of like import, with intent
or
has
to
letters-
imitate
patentee, without
of such patentee or his assigns
having the license or consent
mark
or
legalrepresentatives;or shall in any manner
upon
the
word
affix
article
to
or
or
patent," any
any unpatented
is patented,for the purpose
word importing that the same
such
of deceiving the public,he shall be liable for every
hundred
offense to a penalty of not less than
one
dollars,
who
said
the
with costs ; one
penaltyto
moiety of
person
"
shall
sue
for the same,
and
the other
to the use
of the United
PATENT
States,to
United
LAWS
be recovered
within
States
have been
whose
States,who
discovery,and shall
such
the
office and
offense
may
have
desire
made
any
further
time
citizen
any
of
invention
new
the
mature
to
of the
law, file in
shall be filed in the confidential archives of
caveat
for the term
preserved in
of
one
patent
a
with
secrecy,
from
year
shall be made
which
in the
and
shall be
operative
if application
thereof; and
filing
the year
such
caveat
any other
would
in any
by
person
manner
shall
deposit the description,
raddel of such
applicationin
specifications,
drawings,and
manner
the
within
the Commissioner
interfere,
like
of the
duty required by
settingforth the design thereof,
of its distinguishingcharacteristics,
and praying protection
of his right until he shall have matured
his invention ;
and
for
jurisdictionsuch
shall
on
may,
payment
the Patent-Office a caveat
and
district court
any
be it further enacted,That
the United
same,
in
63
committed.
SEC. 40. And
or
suit
by
1870.
OF
confidential
archives
of the
and
office,
the person filing
the caveat,
who, if he would avail himself of his caveat, shall file his
drawings, and model within three
description,
specifications,
give notice thereof,by mail, to
months
from
office in
Washington,with
the
time
it to the caveator
indorsed
on
the notice.
of
placing said
the usual
an
in the
required for
thereto,which
added
And
time
notice
time
alien shall have
post
mitting
trans-
shall be
the
lege
privi-
resided in the United
herein granted, if he shall have
of his caveat, and
States one
preceding the filing
year next
made oath of his intention to become
a citizen.
REJECTIONS.
SEC. 41.
And
be
enacted,That whenever, on
patent is rejectedfor any reason
it further
examination, any claim for a
shall notify the
applicant
whatever, the Commissioner
for such
rejections,
thereof,giving him brieflythe reasons
be
references
and
as
may
together with such information
tion
useful in judging of the propriety of renewing his applicaafter receiving
of altering
his specification
or
; and if,
64
PATENT
notice,the
such
patent, with
or
LAWS
1870.
OF
applicantshall persist in his claim
without altering
his specifications,
the
shall order
reexamination
a
of the
for
a
missioner
Com-
case.
INTERFERENCES.
SEC. 42.
be it furtherenacted,That
And
for
is made
Commissioner,
with
or
patent which,
a
interfere
would
unexpired
any
whenever
an
plicatio
apof the
in the
with
any
patent,he
opinion
tion,
pending applicashall give notice
thereof to the applicants,
or
ipplicantand patentee, as the
to ceed
case
be, and shall direct the primary examiner
may
prothe question of priority of invention.
to determine
the Commissioner
And
shall be
adjudged
the
of the board
be, within
may
such
a
patent
to the
prior inventor, unless
party shall appeal from
or
issue
may
the
decision
of the
the
less than
adverse
primary
of examiners-in-chief,as
time, not
party who
the
aminer,
ex-
case
twenty days, as
the
shall prescribe.
Commissioner
AFFIDAVITS
And
be
AND
DEPOSITIONS.
sioner
furt/ierenacted,That the Commisestablish rules for taking affidavits and depositions
may
and
required in cases
pending in the Patent-Office,
cer
affidavits and depositions
may be taken before any offi-
SEC.
such
43.
authorized
by
it
law
take
or
States,
of the United
courts
to
depositionsto
be used
of the State where
in the
the officer
resides.
OF
DUTY
SEC. 44.
wherein
case
United
testimony
pending
OF
COURT.
the clerk of any
district or
territory
be it furtherenacted,That
And
of the
court
CLERK
in
the
States,for
be
taken
any
for
in any
contested
Patent-Office,
shall,upon the application
is to
use
of any
party thereto,or his agent or attorney, issue
trict
subpoena for any witness residingor being within said dishim
and
to appear
or
commanding
testify
territory,
to
territoryauthorized
and
in
the
take depositionsand affidavits,
at any time
place
after
being duly served
subpoena stated ; and if any witness,
with such
subpoena, shall neglect or refuse to appear, or
before
any
officer in said district
or
PATENT
Bfcall appoint,his
missioner
set
LAWS
forth in
1870.
OF
of appeal,specifically
reasons
writing.
be ilfurtJier
SEC. 50. And
enacted,That
duty of said court, on petition,to hear and
it shall
appeal,and
from
to revke
ths
on
way,
early ai"d
such
at
determine
the decision
appealed
produced before
evidence
convenient
time
the
be
in
the
such
mary
sum-
a
sioner,
Commis-
the court
as
may
of the time and
appoint,notifyingthe Commissioner
place
of hearing ; and the revision shall be*confined to the points
of appeal. And
set forth in the reasons
after hearing the
the
case,
of
court
shall
to the
return
Commissioner
a
cate
certifi-
its
proceedings and decision,which shall be entered
and
of record in the Patent-Office,
the further
govern
pro
But
in
the
case.
no
ceedings
opinion or decision of the
shall
such
in any
court
case
preclude any person interested
from the right to contest
of such patent in any
the validity
the same
wherein
be called in question.
court
may
SEC. 51.
And
of the
notice
be
time
shall
Commissioner
further enacted,That on receiving
and
place of hearing such appeal,the
terested
notify all partieswho appear to be init
therein, in such
The
party
appealingshall
and
shall furnish
forth
court
lay before
copies of all the originalpapers
case, and the Commissioner
of his decision,fullyset
the
as
manner
may
the court
evidence
it with
the
in
scribe.
pretified
cer-
the
grounds
writing,touching nil the
of appeal. And
at the
quest
repoints involved by the reasons
of the court, the
missioner
Comof any
or
party interested,
be examined
and the examiners
under
oath,
may
in explanation of the principlesof the machine
other
or
thing for which a patent is demanded.
BILL
SEC. 52.
And
be
it
IX
in
EQUITY.
further enacted,That
whenever
a
applicationis refused,for any reason
whatever,
either by the Commissioner
of the
court
or
by the supreme
District of Columbia
appeal from the Commissioner,
upon
the applicant may
have
remedy by bill in equity; and the
court
having cognizance thereof,on notice to adverse parties
and other due proceedings had, may
that
such
adjudge
is
receive a patent
to
applicant
entitled,
according to law,
patent
on
PATENT
LAWS
1870.
OF
67
for his
invention, as specifiedin his claim, or for any
And
thereof,as the facts in the case
may
appear.
if
adjudication,
it be in favor of the
shall
the
the
authorize
Commissioner
otherwise
applicant,
the
issue such
to
the Patent-Office
in
applicationfiling
and
rightof
a
part
such
patent, on
the
of
copy
judicatio
ad-
the
requisitionsof
iu all cases
And
where
law.
there is no opposing party a
of the bill shall be served
the Commissioner, and
on
copy
of the proceeding shall be paid by the apall the expenses
plicant,
whether
And
Sec. 53.
patent
is
with
is in his favor
be it further enacted,That
or
specification,
his
claiming as
rightto
final decision
inoperativeor invalid,by
insufficient
a
the
complying
invention
own
claim
by
as
a
the
of
reason
or
patentee
than
has arisen
error
any
defective
discoverymore
or
if the
new,
whenever
of
reason
not.
or
he had
tence,
by inadver-
or
accident,or mistake, and without any fraudulent
render
deceptive intention,the Commissioner
shall,on the surof such patent and the payment of the duty required
a new
invention,and in
by law, cause
patent for the same
with
accordance
the
the corrected
patentee, or, in the
the whole
or
part of the
shall
which
patent ; and
several
undivided
any
his executors,
case
to be issued
to
specification,
of his death or assignment of
part of the originalpatent, to
administrators,or assigns,for
of
term
take
originalpatent,
the
the Commissioner
patents
the
effect upon
be issued
to
issue
the
the
unexpired
surrender
of the
of
amended
in his discretion,
cause
may,
for distinct and separate parts
and
of the applicant,
demand
thing patented,upon
of the required fee for a reissue for each
payment
upon
the specifications
and
of Buch reissued letters-patent.And
claim in every such case
shall be subjectto revision and restriction
of the
in the
And
the
patent
same
have
Ihc
same
forms;
but
no
nor
specification,
had
for
been
shall
in
case
of
a
the
thereafter
causes
originallyfiled
matter
new
with
corrected
operationin law, on
the effect and
trial of all actions
though
are.
originalapplications
as
reissued,together
so
shall
specification,
the
manner
be
machine
in such
introduced
arising,as
corrected
into
the
patent shall the
68
LAWS
PATENT
drawings be amended, except each by the other
when
there is neither model
nor
drawing, amendments
be made
proof satisfactoryto the Commissioner
upon
model
but
may
that
1870.
OF
or
such
matter
new
or
amendment
was
part of the
a
omitted
from the specification
original invention, and was
accident,or mistake, as aforesaid.
by inadvertence,
DISCLAIMERS.
SEC. 54. And
be
it
further enacted, That
whenever,
through inadvertence, accident,or mistake, and
fraudulent
that of which
than
more
deceptive intention,a patentee
or
he
the original
was
without
has
or
any
claimed
first inventor
discoverer,his patent shall be valid for all that part
which
is truly and justlyhis own, provided the same
ia a
material or substantial part of the thing patented ; and any
of the whole
such patentee, his heirs,or assigns,whether
or any sectional interest therein,
may, on payment of the duty
required by law,make disclaimer of such parts of the thing
tue
patented as he shall not choose to claim or to hold by virof the patent or assignment, statingtherein the extent
of his interest in such patent ; said disclaimer
shall be in
witnesses,and recorded in
writing,attested by one or more
the Patent-Office,
and
it shall thereafter
be considered
as
of the interto the extent
est
specification
part of the original
possessed by the claimant and by those claimingunder
or
iim
after the record
affect any
so
action
far
neglector
But
thereof.
may
delay in
relate
;he United
States
equity as
States,or any
n
of
a
at
SUITS
FOR.
arisingunder
cases
shall
law, by
be
the
district court
circuit
being filed,
except
it.
filing
Atid be it furtherenacted,That
and
:ontroversies,
shall
the question of unreasonable
to
INFRINGEMENT,
SEC. 65.
disclaimer
of its
the time
pending at
as
such
no
court,
District of
Columbia,
ihall have
power,
upon
or
actions,suits,
the patent laws
originally
cognisable,as
circuit courts
having
or
all
by
of any
bill in
the
the
of the
and
powers
Supreme
Court
territory; and
equity filedby
to grant injunctions
iggrieved,
accordingto
the
the
any
course
of
well
United
diction
jurisof
the
court
party
and
PATENT
LAWS
of equity,to
principlesof courts
by patent, on
any right secured
deem
may
reasonable
; and
1370.
OF
the
prevent
such
upon
a
09
terms
decree
violation
the
as
being
of
court
rendered
in any such case
for an infringement,
the claimant shall be
entitled to recover,
in addition to the profits
ed
to be accountfor
by
defendant, the damages
the
thereby,and
sustained
cause
the
court
shall have
discretion
by
shall
same
given
are
verdicts
shall
under
its
the
the
upon
brought during the term
be granted or extended,
or
the
; but
case
within
the
in its
same
for which
or
same
direction,and
to increase
the
powers
by this act to increase
in actions
has
complainant
assess
be
patent shall
the
the
that
found
be assessed
to
same
the court
the
ges
damaall
tions
ac-
the letterssix years
ter
af-
expirationthereof.
APPEALS
SEC.
And
56.
appeal
TO
be it
SUPREME
COURT.
further enacted,That
a
writ of
error
shall
Supreme
lie from all judgments and
decrees
of any circuit court, or
of any district court
of a circuit
exercisingthe jurisdiction
court,or of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia,
or
to
the
Court
of the
United
States
of any territory,
in any action,suit,controversy, or
at law or in equity,touchingpatent rights,
in the same
or
and
under
and
the
sum
the
decrees
of value
same
circumstances
of such
copies of
to
son
by
the
regard to
EVIDENCE.
the Patent-Office, and
of the Commissioner
wherein
ments
judg-
written
printed
or drawings belonging
under
the
letters-patent
nature
sigwith
Acting Commissioner,
or
records,books, papers,
the seal of office
cases
ner
man-
in controversy.
be it furtherenacted,That
any
in other
circuit courts, without
RECORD
SEC. 5*7. And
as
case,
the
of
affixed,shall
or
be
originalscould
competent evidence
in all
evidence,and
per
be
therefor,and paying the
making application
any
required
certified copies thereof.
And
copies of
specificationsand drawings of foreign letters-patent,
fee
law, shall have
certified in like manner,
shall be prima-facie evidence
of
the fact of the granting of such foreign letters-patent,
and
of the date
and
contents
thereof.
70
PATENT
LAWS
INTERFERENCE
SEC. 58.
shall be
And
be it furtherenacted,That
under
either of
whenever
there
interested
in any
person
in the working of the invention
any
interfering
patents, or
claimed
PROCEEDINGS.
EQUITY
interferingpatents,
of such
1870.
OF
such patents, may
have
relief
againstthe interfering
patentee, and all partiesinterested
under
terfering
of the inhim, by suit in equityagainst the owners
having cognizance thereof,
patent ; and the court
and
herein before provided, or notice to adverse
as
parties,
had accordingto the course
other due proceedings
of equity,
may
whole
adjudge
in
or
and
declare
either of the
patents
invalid
or
part, or inoperative,
void
in
in any particular
the interest of
part of the United
States,accordingto
the partiesin the patent or the invention patented. But no
such judgment or adjudicationshall affect the rightsof any
tle
except the partiesto the suit and those derivingtiperson
under them
subsequent to the rendition of such judgment.
DAMAGES
SEC.
59.
in any
case
court
in the
INFRINGEMENT.
be it further enacted,That
And
infringementof
the
FOR
any patent may
circuit court
of
exercisingthe
Court
Supreme
damages
be recovered
the
United
by
for the
action
States,or
on
trict
dis-
of a circuit court, or
jurisdiction
Columbia, or of any
of the District of
in the
of the party interested,either as
name
territory,
whenever
in any such
patentee, assignee,or grantee. And
shall be rendered
action a verdict
for the
the
plaintiff,
enter
the
court
above
judgment thereon for any sum
may
found
amount
tained,
by the verdict as the actual damages susthe
of
the
to
circumstances
not
according
ceeding
excase,
times
three
with
the
of such
amount
verdict,together
the costs.
PART
SEC. 60.
And
INFRINGEMENT,
be
it
SUIT
FOR.
further enacted, That
whenever,
through inadvertence, accident,or mistake, and
willful default
or
intent
to
defraud
or
mislead
without
the
claimed
patentee shall have (in his specification)
originaland
first inventor
or
discoverer
of any
any
public,a
to
be
material
the
or
PATENT
and
original
the
such
every
1870.
OF
part of the thing patented, of which
substantial
not
LAWS
first inventor
of the whole
maintain
patent, may
a
was
aforesaid,
and
executors, administrators,
signs,
as-
bis
patentee,
whether
discoverer
he
or
or
any
law
suit at
sectional
or
in
as
interest in the
equity for the
fringem
in-
of
bona fide his
was
part thereof which
any
provided it shall be a material and substantial part
own,
of the thing patented, and be definitely
from
distinguishable
the parts
claimed, without
so
the
which
the
specifications
may
patentee
But
shall
decree
right as
the
was
in
be
embrace
originalor
such
every
rendered
standing
aforesaid,notwith-
case
for the
than
more
that of
first inventor
in which
or
coverer.
dis-
judgment
a
costs
no
plaintiff,
recovered
unless
shall
unreasonablyneglectedor delayedto
or
shall be
the proper
disclaimer has been entered at
the Patent-Office
before the commencement
of the suit ; nor
shall he be entitled to the benefits of this section if he
have
said
enter
disclaimer.
IN
PLEADINGS
INFRINGEMENT.
SEC. 61. And
be it further enacted,That
in any action
for infringementthe defendant may plead the general issue,
and, having given notice in writing to
prove
attorney, thirtydays before,may
of the followingspecialmatters:
more
for the
First. That
made
was
to
relative to his invention
the
discovery,or
or
trial any
on
less than
contain
or
plaintiff
his
one
or
deceiving the public the
filed by
specification
descriptionand
Patent-Office
of
purpose
the
patentee in the
the whole
than
more
truth
is
cessary
ne-
to produce the desired effect ; or,
he had surreptitiously
That
Second.
or
obtained
unjustly
the
who
patent for that which
using reasonable
was
the
same
Third.
in fact invented
by another,
in adapting
and ing
diligence
perfectwas
; or,
it has
That
been
patented or described
printed publicationprior to his
thereof
Fourth.
or
some
or
covery
dis-
\ or,
That
discoverer
supposed invention
in
he
of any
thingpatented;
or,
was
not
the
material
originaland
and
substantial
first inventor
part of the
72
That
Fifth.
it had
in
been
1870.
OP
LAWS
PATENT
public use
or
on
sale in this
for
than
two
country for more
years before his application
had been abandoned
to the public.
a patent, or
And
of
names
ledge,
proof of previous invention, knowthing patented, the defendant shall state
to
as
of the
use
or
the
notice
in
patentees and
of their patents,and
the dates
and
residences
of the pergranted,and the names
sons
had
the
have
prior
allegedto have invented or to
knowledge of the thing patented,and where and by whom
when
it had
used
been
if any
; and
alleged shall
shall be rendered
found
be
for him
an
pleaded
more
for the
with
of the
ters
specialmatdefendant,judgment
the
And
costs.
in
in the
like notice
upon
the like effect.
given
with
NOT
PATENT
VOID
SEC. 62.
like defenses
And
BECAUSE
shall not
same
answer
KNOWN
IN
A
be it furtherenacted,That
first inventor
and
against
ma" be
of the defendant, and
FOREIGN
COUNTRY.
whenever
it shall
that the patentee, at the time of making his application
for the patent, believed himself to be the
original
appear
used
in
of the
discoverer
or
be held
discovery,or
or
a
or
any suit in equity for relief
allegedinfringement; and proofs of the same
be
may
or
one
to
any
be void
thing patented, the
account
on
of the
part thereof, having been
tion
invenknown
foreign country, before his invention or
thereof,if it had not been patented,or described
printedpublication.
a
EXTENSION
of
invention
an
granted prior
and
to
or
the
where
the patentee
discovery,the patent for which was
second
dred
day of March, eighteen hun-
sixty-one,shall
the
in
PATENTS.
OF
be itfurtherenacted,That
And
SEC. 63.
covery
dis-
desire
of his patent
of its limitation,
he shall make
an
extension
originalterm
in writing,
ting
to the commissioner, setapplicationtherefor,
forth the reason
why such extension should be granted
beyond
; and
oath
he
shall
also
of the ascertained
furnish
value
a
written
of the
statement
invention
or
under
ery,
discov-
of,
thereof his receiptsand expenditures on account
faithful acin detail to exhibit a true
and
sufficiently
and
74
PATENT
effect in law
same
LAWS
though
as
1870.
OF
it had
been
originally
granted
for twenty-one years.
be itfurther enacted,
SEC. 67. And
That
of
extension
of the
a
patent shall extend
rightto
the
use
the benefit of the
to the
assignees and grantees
of
thing patented to the extent
their interest therein.
OFFICIAL
SEC. 68.
And
be it
for
shall be the rates
filingeach
On
FEES.
further enacted,That
patent
fees
the
following
:
originalapplication for
patent, fifteen
a
dollars.
On
issuingeach originalpatent, twenty
On
each caveat,
filing
On
every
dollars.
ten
applicationfor
dollars.
the
On
each disclaimer,ten
filing
On
every
application for
dollars.
"
reissue
of
patent, thirty
a
dollars.
the
of
extension
patent, fifty
a
dollars.
On
the
On
an
appeal for
the
to
On
grantingof
every
every
extension
the first time
from
of
a
lars.
patent, fiftydol-
the
primary
ten dollars.
examiners-in-chief,
appeal from the examiners-in-chief
to
the Commissioner,
twenty dollars.
For certified copies of patents and other papers,
words.
per hundred
For recording every
one
paper, of three
dollar ; of over
three hundred
words,
dollars,of
two
ten
assignment,agreement,
hundred
other
or
over
and
one
power
words
or
under
thousand
one
ners
exami-
cents
of attorney,
under,
thousand
words, three
dollars.
For
copies
of
drawings,the
reasonable
cost
of
making
them.
SEC. 69. And
be
paid to
assistant
the
be it further enacted,That
Commissioner,
treasurers
or
to
of the United
patent fees may
the treasurer, or any of the
any of the
receivers of public
States,or
to
national banks, or
designateddepositaries,
designatedby the Secretaryof the Treasury for
money,
who
shall give the depositora receiptor certhat purpose,
LAWS
PATENT
tificate of
deposittherefor.
for any
Patent-Office,
shall be paid into
deduction
made
shall be
the
by
MONEY
SEC. 70. And
the United
of money
And
all money
received
at
the
from any source
er,
whatevor
purpose,
the treasury as received,without
any
all disbursements
; and
whatever
1870.
OP
disbursingclerk
BY
PAID
MISTAKE
for said
of the
Interior
partment
De-
RETURNED.
be it further enacted,That
States is authorized
who
office
back
to pay
shall have
the
any
of
treasurer
sum
or
sums
into the
paid the same
treasury, or to any receiver or depositary,to the credit of
the treasurer, as for fees accruing at the Patent-Office through
to said treasurer
mistake, certificate thereof being made
of Patents.
by the Commissioners
to any
person
DESIGN
PATENTS.
SEC. 71. -And be it furtherenacted,That
by
his
own
produced
or
who,
person
has
ed
inventexpense,
ture,
originaldesign for a manufacany
and
industry,genius,efforts,
any
and
new
and
or
bas-relief;
bust, statue, alto-relievo,
any new
originaldesign for the printingof woolen, silk,cotton, or
and
other fabrics ; any new
originalimpression,ornament,
pattern, print, or picture,to be printed,painted,cast, or
otherwise
placed on
or
worked
into any
article of manufacture
useful,and originalshape
any new,
not
of any article of manufacture, the same
;
or
others
before
his invention
configuration
having been
or
production
tion,
thereof,or patented or described in any printed publicapayment of the duty required by law, and
upon
may,
known
or
other
due
used
by
proceedings had
obtain
discoveries,
or
the
a
same
as
in
or
tions
of inven-
cases
patent therefor.
sioner
further enacted. That the Commissign
the deof designs when
dispense with models
may
be sufficiently
graphs.
representedby drawings or photocan
be it
And
SEC. 72.
SEC. 73. And
months,
or
may,
it
granted
be
may
be
for
seven
in his
furtherenacted,That patents for
for the
years,
or
term
of
three
for fourteen
elect.
application,
years
years,
as
and
signs
desix
the applicant
76
LA.WS
PATENT
And
SEC. 74
issued
be it
prior
sixty-one shall
for
patents
under
and
to
March
of
term
seven
of designs
two, eighteen hundred
respective
their
in the
years,
restrictions
of
and
same
manner
for the
tension
exprovided
i
ssued
of patents for inventions
or
discoveries,
prior
and
second
sixtyday of March, eighteen hundred
the
to
the
furtherenacted,That patentees
extension
entitled^to
be
the
1870.
OF
same
as
are
one.
75. And
SEC.
shall be the
be it
of
rates
For
three years
For
seven
further enacted,That
fees in design cases
:
and
six
months,
years, fifteen dollars.
in
as
following
dollars.
ten
For fourteen years, thirtydollars.
in which
For all other cases
fees
rates
the
cases
SEC. 76. And
of inventions
be
it
required,the
same
discoveries.
furtJwrenacted, That
provisionswhich
and
or
are
apply
to
the
regulations
obtaining or protection
all the
sistent
inconof patents for inventions or discoveries,
not
with the provisionsof this act,shall apply to patents
for
designs.
TRADE-MARKS.
SEC. 77. And
firm domiciled
created
State
or
in the
further enacted,That
United
States, and
by treaty
or
of
person
or
located in any foreigncountry which
convention
affords similar privileges
to citizens
States,and who are entitled
lawful trade-mark, or who
intend
of any
any trade-mark
obtain
with
any
or
United
use
may
any
corporation
States,or of any
by the authorityof the United
territorythereof,and any person, firm,or corporation
resident
of the
be it
to
the
exclusive
adopt and use
for exclusive
within the United
use
States,
such
lawful
for
trade-mark
protection
plying
by comthe following
requirements, to wit:
to
First.
By causing to be recorded in the Patent-Office the
names
partiesand their residences and place of busi
desire the protectionof the trade-mark.
ness, who
The class of merchandise
Second.
and
the particulardescriptio
of goods comprised in such class,by which
the
trade-mark
has been or is intended
to be appropriated.
of the
Third.
A
descriptionof
the
trade-mark
with
itself,
fac-
PATENT
thereof, and
similes
the mode
has
trade-mark
Fifth. The
of
and
for the
compliance
prescribedby
the
The
Seventh.
the person,
corporation,to
use,
has
person,
either in the
thereto
resemblance
such
shall
remain
might
tue
the
oath
the
of the same, and
corporation has the right to
use
be
having
or
calculated
to
sought
to
be
such
near
deceive,and
are
protected.
TRADE-MARKS.
be it furttier
enacted, That
in force for
of
officer of the
or
fac-similes presented for record
OF
be
may
party claimingprotection
identical form
as
the
such
thirty years from
where
not
of such
the date
such
articles
trade-mark
trade-mark
is
manufactured
in
protection under the
foreigncountry for a shorter period,in which
to have
shall cease
any force in this country by vir
this country
laws of any
it
the
firm,or
except in cases
registration,
for and
claimed
applied to
case
the
of Patents.
rightto
DURATION
SEC. 78. And
regulationsas
of the firm
copiesof the trade-mark
true
is intended
the fee required
as
declaration,under
a
a
descriptionand
that the
or
twenty-five
dollars,in
with
the effect that
other
such
been
during which
any,
purpose
member
some
trade-mark
no
it has
same
Commissioner
of
filing
of
or
fee of
a
for patents.
Sixth. The
that
77
used.
been
payment
manner
the
in which
appliedor used.
The
length of time, if
Fourth.
for
1870.
OF
be
to
same
LAWS
and
of this act
elsewhere
; and
at
in which
it receives
the
time
same
during the period that
shall entitle the person,
to the exclusive
same
description
of
that it becomes
goods
it remains
of
no
effect
in force it
the
firm, or corporationregistering
use
to
thereof
which
so
it is
regards tinappropriatedin the
far
as
aforesaid,and no other person
shall lawfullyuse
the same
trade-mark, or substantially
the same, or so nearly resembling it as to be calculated to
deceive, upon substantiallythe same
descriptionof goods :
Provided, That six months prior to the expiration of said
for a renewal
of thirtyyears, applicationmay
be made
term
of such registration,
under
regulationsto be prescribedby
of Patents, and the fee for such renewal
the Commissioner
statement
filed under
oath
as
7f$
PATENT
shall be the
renewal
in force for
a
originalregistration
; certifi
shall be issued
further
1870.
OF
in the
such
and
originalregistration,
the
for
for the
as
same
of such
cate
LA.WS
of
term
same
manner
shall
trade-mark
thirtyyears
as
And
:
main
re-
vided
pro-
That
furtJier,
strued
nothing in this section shall be conby any court as abridging or in any manner
affecting
unfavorably the claim of any person, firm,corporation,or
after the expirationof the term
to any trade-mark
company
such
for which
trade-mark
DAMAGES
SEC. 79. And
IMITATING
FOR
TRADE-MARKS.
further enacted,That
be it
corporationwho
registered.
was
any
or
person
shall
tate
imi-
reproduce,counterfeit,
copy, or
and
affix
the same
to
trade-mark,
any
descriptivepropertiesand
goods of substantiallythe same
shall be liable
qualitiesas those referred to in the registration,
for damages for such wrongful
action in the case
to an
of said trade-mark, at the suit of the owner
use
thereof, in
in the United
of competent jurisdiction
States,
any court
and the party aggrievedshall also have his remedy according
of his
of equity to enjointhe wrongful use
to the course
trade-mark
and
to
recover
compensation therefor in any
the person
court
having jurisdictionover
guiltyof such
recorded
such
The
wrongful use.
record
and
become
not
can
of
name
by
a
when
a
used
such
distinguishit
by
persons, or
appropriate to the
Belongingto
or
to
other
for
received
a
different
the
time
registryof
of the
receiptof
same
which
trade-mark
as
this
lawful trade-mark
passage
of this act.
And
any
be it
OF
from
ceive
re-
at
same
name
with
the
class of merchandise
and
already registered
so
nearly resembles
to be likelyto deceive
shall
not
prevent
used
rightfully
at the
TRADE-MARKS.
further enacted,That
trade-mark
the
is identical
section
any
REGISTRATION
SEC. 80.
which
owner,
or
registration,
last-mentioned
public: Provided, That
the
shall not
firm, or corporationonly,unaccompanied
sufficient
mark
of Patents
which ia not and
any proposed trade-mark
a lawful
trade-mark, or which is merely the
person,
trade-mark
and
Commissioner
the
the time
Patent-Office
for
of the
registra-
PATENT
tion
shall be
and
LAWS
noted
and
of the date
1870.
OF
79
copies of the
receiptthereof,and of the
recorded, and
of the
mark
tradement
state-
filed
therewith,under the seal of the Patent-Office,
certified by the Commissioner, shall be evidence
in any suit
in which such trade-mark
shall be brought in controversy.
TRANSFER
SEC. 81.
is authorized
forms
MARKS.
TRADE-
be itfurtherenacted,That
And
of Patents
OF
to make
the Commissioner
and
rules,regulations,
scribe
pre-
for the transfer of the
rightto the use of such
to the requirements
trade-marks,conforming as nearly as practicable
of law respectingthe transfer and transmission
of copy-rights.
FRAUDULENT
And
SEC. 82.
shall procure
the
as
false
be it further enacted,That
the
registryof
thereof,or
owner
in the
Patent-Office
fraudulent
or
TRADE-MARKS.
any
an
under
any
trade-mark,
who
person
of self
himor
mark
entry respectinga trade-
act, by 'making any
this
representationsor
declarations,
verbally
writing,or by any fraudulent 7neans, shall be liable to
of any such registry
or
damages in consequence
entry to
injuredthereby,to be recovered in an action on
person
in
or
pay
the
before
the
case
the
United
law
been
not
of competent
within
jurisdiction
And
And
claiming
or
be it
further enacted,That
the
claimed
furtherenacted.That
provisionsof
exclusive right to any
under
maintained
used
be it
passed.
SEC. 84.
he
court
nothing in thU
shall prevent, lessen, impeach, or avoid any remedy at
in equity,which
or
ful
any party aggrievedby any wronghad
had
if
this
have
act
of any trade-mark
use
might
SEC. 83.
act
any
States.
the
in any
unlawful
no
this act
action
by
trade-mark
shall
son
peris
which
any
business, or upon
or
injuriousin itself,
any artrade-mark
t'cle which
is
which
has been
fraudulentlyobtained,or
used with the design of deceiving the publicin
formed
the
has
and
any
which
been
purchase or
upon
use
of any
article of merchandise.
80
PATENT
LAWS
REPEALING
SEC. 111.
And
OF
CLAUSE
be it
1870.
SCHEDULE.
AND
furtherenacted,That
the acts
and
cited,hereto
annexed, are hereby repealed,without reviving any acts or
parts of acts repealed by any of said acts,or by any clause
or
provision therein : Provided, however, That the repeal
shall not
hereby enacted
affect,impair,or take away any
rightexistingunder any of said laws ; but all actions and
in equity,which
have
of action,both
in law and
causes
parts of acts
set
forth
in the schedule
of acts
and probe commenced
secuted
any of said laws
may
if
be
prosecuted to
already commenced, may
; and,
final judgment and execution,in the same
as though
manner
arisen
under
this act
had
not
been
passed, excepting that
shall be applicableto
the
remedial
all suits and
provisions of this act
And
commenced:
provided also,
proceedings hereafter
That all applicationsfor patents pending at the time of the
the duty has been paid,
where
passage of this act, in cases
shall be proceeded with and acted on in the same
manner
as
though filed after the passage thereof : And providedfurther,
That
all offenses which
defined
and
are
punishable
under
forfeitures
of said acts, and
all penalties and
any
created
thereby, and incurred before this act takes effect,
fenses
be prosecuted, sued
for,and recovered,and such ofmay
punished according to the provisions of said acts,
which
are
Schedule
continued
in force for such
purpose.
tutes
as
printedin the Staof statutes cited and repealed,
at Large, includingsuch portionsonly of the appropriation
bills
referredto
as
are
to
applicable
the Patent-
Office.
PATENTS.
Act
of
July 4, 1836, chapter 357, volume 5, page 117.
March
3, 1837, chapter 45, volume
5, page 191.
March
5, page 353.
3, 1839, chapter 88, volume
5, page 543.
August 29, 1842, chapter 263, volume
9, page 59.
August 6, 1846, chapter 90, volume
May 27, 1848, chapter 47, volume 9, page 231.
March
3, 1849, chapter 108, volume
9, page 395.
March
9, page 617.
3, 1851, chapter 32, volume
82
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
ALTHOUGH
a
of
a
are
has
was
charcoal
is
OF
CHARCOAL.
combustible, it is,in some
spects
rethe action
unchangeable substance, resisting
very
found
been
charred
so
kinds of
the
in
so
excavations
at the time
grain.
other
and
is
Tainted
While
substances
Foul
and
stagnant
unchangeable,
so
charred
are
different
and
meat
and
by being
covered
with
be
deprivedof
its bad
taste
Charcoal
is
a
great
the
the inside.
on
sweet
can
it.
the
change.
for long voyages,
which
water
being filtered through
city,
eighteen
shape is perfectly
preserved,
the
Hence
charcoal
which
of that
is itself
from
be made
can
yet
charcoal
packed in
kept in casks
meat
Herculaneum,
between
distinguisli
vegetablesare
water
at
of the destruction
years ago,
that you can
it preserves
and
CHARCOAL.
great varietyof other substances
posts
upon it. Hence
often charred
before being put into the ground.
Grain
hundred
Ale
OF
it.
by
decolorizer.
and
porter filtered through it are deprived of their color,
decolorize their brown
sugar-refiners
by means
syrups
of
charcoal,and thus make white sugar. Animal
charcoal,
or
bone-black,is the best for such purposes, although only
one-tenth of it is reallycharcoal,the other nine-tenths being
the mineral
portion of the bone.
Charcoal will absorb, of some
gases, from eightyto ninety
times its own
bulk.
As every point of its surface is a point
of attraction,
it is supposed to account
for the enormous
cumulation
acof gases in the spaces of the charcoal.
But this
for it only in part.
There
be some
accounts
must
peculiar
in
the
charcoal
in
the
condition
to change,
some
power
way,
of a gas of which it absorbs
bulk.
times
its own
ninety
"
Hooker.
,
SUBSTITUTE
FOR
VARIOUS
over
THE
devices
the
Our
forms,which
by different
CRANK.
supposed
common
to have
crank, have
shows
diagram
one
tages
advanbeen
of
vented.
in-
these
has been re-invented
inventors.
A
times,
many
wheel
is
grooved
tached
employed, and in the groove are two slides,atrod of a
respectively,
by pivots,to the connecting!
The
of the piston rod
movement
reciprocating
pistonrod.
the rotation of the
acting upon the connecting rod, causes
wheel.
PRACTICAL
PBACTICAL
A
GEOMETRY.
of geometry, both
KNOWLEDGE
is of
importance
motive
of truth
83
GEOMETRY.
mechanics
to
practicaland theoretical,
and
It is prohabits,and leads to
inventors.
and
patience in mental
the exercise of nicety and
in the execution
of
exactness
labors.
mechanical
With
a
pair of dividers,a rule and
speedily acquire a considerable
pencil, any person
may
We
ple
subjoin a few simknowledge of practicalgeometry.
and
generallyuseful problems for practice,in the hope
readers in the subject,so
of our
of thus interestingsome
on
that they will continue the study. Complete works
metry
geocan
be had
at
the book-stores.
Problem
1.
To
"
To
equal parts.
"
to
B
draw
another
line dicular
perpenviders
a
pair of di-
a
With
:
distance exceeding
any
is
the line
where
to
the
point
intersected,describe
other
each
of the line
centres, with
as
be
line into
a
the extremities
from
A
divide
through
as
m
m
then
;
a
will divide
n
equally,and
n
cutting
arcs
line drawn
the
B
line A
perpendicular
will also be
thereto.
Problem
the
A
will the
of
square
a
the
drawn
from
D
B
given
a
A
F
square
is
to
E
D
B
equal to
G, it will
in
area
C D ; the dithe line A G ;
be
the side of
of the square
times the area
A H K L, three
square
C D ; the diagonalB L will equal the size of a square
times the area
of the square A B C D, etc.
a
:
square ;
be the side
G, double
A
square
given
the
be
a
of
number
any
diagonalB
given
agonal B
diagonalbe
D
then
to
if the
C
B
be
of
area
the side of
find
To
"
shall
that
square
times
Let
2i
A
B
four
84
PRACTICAL
GEOMETRY.
Problem
of
3.
circle that
a
of times
Let
cord
A
circle
D
B
C
and
other,and
the
:
of the
the
half
4.
D
the
of the
radius
P, twice the area
nearly ; and half
Problem
circle
given circle;
A
each
circle that will contain
a
number
given
the
will be
diameter
any
a
diameters
two
D
be
of
be
the
o
circle
of
shall
area
C
the
find
right angles to
at
the radius
the
B
A
draw
be
To
"
given
will
cord
the area, etc.
To
"
describe
the
transverse
ellipsis,
ing
beand conjugate diameters
a
given : From
o, as
an
centre, with
the
of
transverse
/[.jugate
off
o
the
and
con-
semi-diameters, set
d ; draw
the
"?,and continue
and
c
difference
o
diagonal c
i
the line
distance
then will the
will
and
H, cutting the
B
k
centres
and
TO
with
the
the
B
TO
o
;
n
the
radius
E
H
with
r, and
n
and
A
H,
and
and
n
the
m
II
D
B
figureA
d,
c
that
B, C D, C E,
in the
ellipsis
and
with
k,
,"t,
and A E ; also,
A
of the
arcs
diagonal
of the centres
radius
the
with
then
the
lines
the
semi-diameters
centres, describe
as
arcs
A: be the radius
ellipsis
; draw
the
describe
of half
addition
the
k, by
to
c
o
centres, describe
as
E
D
H
will be
the
required.
ellipsis
THE
for
us
"
AMERICAN."""
SCIENTIFIC
to
speak of
its merits
to
hardlynecessary
are
thoroughly
It is
those
who
posted up in the improvements of the age ; but the general
that it contains the
readingpublicmay not be so well aware
the new
tors,
monifinest engravings of all the late inventions
"
army
and
navy
all kinds, militaryand
with
essays
from
weapons,
mechanical
civil,
the most
of
vessels,forts,machinery
and
agricultural
scholars
distinguished
"
upon
prac-
MECHANICAL
tical
85
MOVEMENTS.
philosophy,
chemistry,and engineering.It
It is useful for even,'
every inventor.
In short,it is the best scientific and
to
housewife.
journal
is indispensable
famil
v
and
mechanical
in the
how any chemist,
world, and we cannot
see
architect,
engineer,fanner, or mechanic can do without it.
MINN
" Co., Publishers,
37 Park Row, New
Cass
York."
"
CountyRepublican.
MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS.
I\ the construction
mechanic
inventor
and
far
models,
machinery,the
or
studyto avoid clumsiness
will naturally
take pridein
the simplestand
possible,
as
skillful
will
of parts,and
arrangement
as
of
best forms
in tlie
ing,
selectof
chanical
me-
movements.
To
this
have
end, we
useful
suggestive or
thought that nothingcould he more
of
than
a comprehensive exhibition
forms
of the best mechanical
many
labor and expense, we
After much
condensed
series of mechanical
extensive
most
have
brought together,
work, one of the
expresslyfor this
engraved
and
alreadyknown.
movements
before
ever
published.
the mechanic
Here
suited for his purpose,
adapted
to
engravingsare
not
OF
DESCRIPTION
Shaft
coupling.
to
of mechanism.
to
readily
be found
elsewhere,
MENTS
MOVE-
NUMBERS.
Claw
coupling. 3,4.
Lever
lings.
coup-
driving shaft,a disk with spurs is mounted,
the shaft to be driven :i lover is hinged. By causing
the
On
and
2.
movement
the separate parts best
MECHANICAL
THE
BY
1.
glancethe
a
preservationof this book.
the careful
recommend
we
and
see
may
combination
special
any
these
As
find at
may
this lever
to catch
cflccted.
5.
Knee
in the spurs
or
rose
of the
disk, the coupling is
of
coupling,
which
26
is
a
side
view.
6.
Universal
Prong
and
spur
and
joint. 7, 8. Disk
lever coupling.
and
spur
coupling.
9.
pulley. 11. Slidinggear, the journal
12. Friction
of the wheels being movcabJe.
boxes of one
clutch.
By tighteningor releasinga steel band, encircling
in or out of
the shaft,the machinery is thrown
a pulleyon
10.
Fast
8
loose
86
MECHANICAL
Shoe
13, 14.
gear.
motion
by
with
the
the rod
when
and
pawl
passes
which
ocer
a
a
the motion
as
is transmitted
"Flying horse,"
pullingthe cords radiatingfrom
used
20.
the seats
the apparatus
keep
to
to
23.
Same
28.
Lever
borses
or
on
of
imparted.
The
19.
rocating
recip-
into
of
rotary motion
which
a cord,
with a treadle,from
from
to the
fly-wheel.
By
in fairs for amusement.
the
pying
crank, the persons occuthe ends of the arms
enabled
arc
in motion.
connect
is to be
the first.
rod is converted
weight suspended
pulleythat connects
a
small
Change
1C.
of the pawls acts;
one
direction,
the oppositedirection,
the other
one
direction
of
fly-wheelby
rotary motion
in
moves
same
motion
the
to which
in
15,
nected
Spiralflanged shaft. 18. Conpawl links,catching into ratchet-
arc
moves
in the
lever brakes.
17.
rod
the rod
acts
and
sheaves.
teeth in the wheel
When
MOVEMENTS.
Bow
rangements,
stringarmotion.
rotary
21,22.
into
reciprocating
24. The
same
by differential screw.
by
purpose
double
rack
25.
and
wheels.
Coupling for square shafts.
Side view of Fig. 5.
26.
27. Slidingspur pulley coupling.
Chain
with
tightenpulley bands.
to
29.
wheel.
Reciprocating rectilinear
30.
motion
by
wheels.
Worm
cavities.
40.
Shaft
and
Disk
37.
wheel.
cog
36.
reciprocating
rotary
Disk
coupling with
view
pullies.
teeth.
33,
34.
Claw
ling
coup-
couplings,with lugs
bolts. 38,39,
screw
44.
of
Fig. 12.
42.
Friction
coupling.
Self-releasing
If the' resistance
to
43.
cones.
the driven
Disks
Another
certain
form
of
Fig. 29.
49.
tion
Fric-
with
lique
ob-
shaft increases
point, the disks separate. 45.
46. Elbow
crank, for changing motion.
into rotary motion
by zig-zaggroove on
a
blocks.
toothed
Oblique
31.
wheel.
worm
35,
into
couplings.
Face
beyond
and
hinged lever.
and
41.
racks
two
32.
with
48.
bearingroller
Hoisting
ciprocatin
Re-
47.
cylinder.
Reciprocatinginto
a
tary
ro-
motion.
Same
50.
51. Same
purpose.
ratchet pinions. When
and
two
one
direction,one
rack
arid
moves
a
shaft.
in the
continuous
52.
purpose,
the double
by
double
rack
moves
rack
in
pinion is rigidwith the shaft ; when the
oppositedirection,the other pinionis rigid,
is imparted to the fly-wheel
rotary motion
Reciprocatinginto oscillating.53. Retary
into
MECHANICAL
the action
reciprocating.By
is moved
in
elbow-lever, it is moved
Stamp rod and liftingcam.
rack.
to
of
means
Same
56.
eccentric
an
and
catchingin
58.
Reciprocating
of eccentric
pins,the carriage
by the action of said pins on
the opjx"sitedirection.
54.
55.
For giving reciprocating
in
an
motion
of the wheel
direction,and
one
motion
to
bar
a
pin projectingfrom
the slot.
disk
87
MOVEMENTS.
motion
and
Walking
57.
to pump
or
with
beam
and
other
rod
fly-wheel.
by means
See 81 and
friction rollers.
slot,by
revolvingdisk,
a
104.
59.
Hoisting crane.
61.
60. Frictiongears. See 43.
Rotary into reciprocating
endless nick.
by risingand
fallingpinion acting on
62.
a reciproor
By the revolving cam, a risingand falling
cating
rectilinear motion
is imparted to a drum.
63. Reciprocating
motion
pinion.
rack
by
toothed segment
a
a
a
The
by
of which
rack.
of
an
revolves
This
to
be
to
Bevel
71.
gear.
from
velocities,
by
a
cam-disk
gear
pawls
which
by a
imparted.
link
77.
a
disk, and
and
axle
pinion, the
a
and
axle
the
from
round
rope
said
is
teeth
75.
in
rod
to
of
Common
74.
three different
unequal
Intermittent
pinions,and
M-gment
lever,carrying
Oscillating
edges of
a
and
bar
to
which
rectilinear motion
pawls, which
treadle.
revolving cylindera spiralline
a
nects
Oscillatinglever,con-
76.
which
Oscillatinglever
78.
mitting
Trans-
72.
with
segments
two
the
imparted.
a
another,
to
oscillatinglever.
of shaft.
with
wheel.
worm
revolving into reciprocating,
l"y
shaft with
a
is
die ratchet-wheel.
a
an
engage
motion
reciprocating
slot toward
of toothed
means
to
end
on
rectilinear
on
one
acting on
revolving motion
wheel
Worm
Continuous
73.
to
cates
recipro-
motion
body to which a reciprocating
69.
Ellipticgears.
motion
diameters.
Revolving
segmental rack and
quently
conse-
revolve.
Rod
67.
to
the
imparted.
70.
as
lever.
a
and
the wheels
into
slides in
and
toothed
to a
diameters,
fall
68.
is secured
rack
dir-k extends
cam.
endless
and
Reciprocatingmotion
65.
elbow
and
motion
rack
lever-arm,which is subjected
of an eccentric wrist-pin,
projecting
to rise and
Cam
66.
means
by
of endless
means
of different
are
has
rod
(See 110.)
a
on
a
wheels
the
motion,
by
weight, and
revolvingdisk.
of
from
rod.
frame
a
Reciprocatingrectilinear
64.
the action
to
to
of
a
79.
certain
gear
is
in
DcM-ribing
given pitch
88
MECHANICAL
which
MOVEMENTS.
the
depends upon
of the
comparative sizes
pinion and
bevel-wheels.
Marking a spiralline,the graver moved
by a screw.
head
83. Cross
81. (See Fig. 58.) 82. Plunger and rods.
and rods.
84. Reciprocatingrod guided by friction rollers.
of roller85. Revolving into reciprocating
motion, by means
extending from a revolving shaft,and acting on lugs
arms,
Crank
motion.
86.
projectingfrom a reciprocatingframe.
87. Reciprocatingmotion
by toothed wheel and spring bar.
80.
The
88.
shaft carries
hinged
the
to
a
drum,
so
tapper, which
to
as
weight on the rope.
the hook
its highest position,
motion
to
ring secured
to a
Double
90.
tappet, and
the
a
a
the
of
by means
revolving shaft.
crank.
Cam
91.
down,
pawl, and
said wheel.
the
velocities,
middle
in
94.
As
wheel
an
is caused
to produce
pulleys.
the rod
horizontal
Reciprocating
oblique
drum,
moves
in contact
rotary motion
By turning the
95.
and
along
89.
groove
cog-wheel come
intermittent
an
a
in a
groove
Belts and
92.
gear.
the teeth of the
drum
weight drops.
rod
reciprocating motion.
Pulleys,belts,and internal
and
said
carry
When
the tappet has reached
strikes a pin, the hook
gages
disen-
raise the
from
against a hook
catches
is
93.
up
with
imparted to
axles
ferent
dif-
with
to revolve
with
lever and cam
velocity. 96. Oscillating
groove in
97. Lazy tongs.
98. Oscillating
a disk.
segment and belt
over
ting
pulleys. 99. Converting oscillatinginto a reciprocaend
of
the
lever
cam-slot
in
the
motion
oscillating
by a
from one
of the sides of
which
catches over
a pin projecting
the
a
mean
parallelogram which
motion
100.
101
is
is connected
Motion
of
the rod
to which
ciprocatin
re-
imparted.
Oscillating motion
.
to
of
a
beam
into
treadle into rotary motion.
104.
103.
Single-actingbeam.
a
rotary motion.
Double-
102.
(See Figures
acting beam.
58 and
to steady a
piston by a slotted
81.) 105. Device
guide-piece,operated by an eccentric on the driving-shaft.
Two
107.
106.
Rod
operated by *wo toothed segments.
cog-wheels of equal diameter, providedwith a crank of the
length, and connected by links with
Device
secured.
108.
the piston-rod-is
same
which
motion
of
a
a
cross-bar
for
a
to
ear
rectilin-
tion
piston-rodbased on the hypocyclodial mopinion in a stationarywheel with internal gear.
of
a
90
MECHANICAL
between
its arrangement
which
are
MOVEMENTS.
oblique to
each
two
the
rotatingrollers,
other.
125.
Friction
axles
of
indicator
of
loaded
a
Upon the peripheryof the belt-pulley
with an
indicator.
carriageis placed, its tongue connected
lloberts.
With
a
given
load
the indicatingpointer remains
in
a
given
velocityis imparted to the pulley.
position,
the load is changed the indicator changes,thus provWhen
ing
that the friction of wheels is in proportionto load, not
velocity. 1 26. Circular intermittent rectilinear reciprocating
Used
motion.
on
sewing-machines for drivingthe shuttle ;
tinuous
127. Conalso on three-revolution cylinder
printing-presses.
matter
no
what
circular motion.
The
Sewing-machine,four-motion
feed.
circular into intermittent
is the driver.
128.
cam
The
or
bar, B, carries the feeding-points
spurs, and is pivoted to
slide,A.
which
at
B
the
is lifted
same
by
a
radial
projectionon
time also carries A
and
B
cam
forward.
C,
A
stroke,and the bar B, drops by
crank motion, to obviate dead centers.
treadle
the slotted slide,A, forward
the
Pressure
on
moves
the spring,B, forces
until the wrist passes the center, when
forward movement.
the slide against the stops until next
130.
Four-way cock. ^131. One stroke of the pistongives
132.
Kectilinear motion
acomplete revolution to the crank.
of variable velocity,
is given to the vertical bar by rotation
spring produces the
gravity. 129. Patent
return
Pantagraph for copying,
and reducing plans,etc.
C, fixed point. B,
enlarging,
the
lines to be copied
ivory tracingpoint. A, penciltrace,
with,and B, the pencil,will re-produceit double size. Shift
the slide to which
C is attached, also the pencilslide,and
size of the copy will be varied.
Ball and socket joint
134.
Tbe
teeth
for tubing. 135.
device.
Numerical
registering
of equal
of the worm
shaft gear with a pair of worm-wheels
If the
than the other.
diameter, one having one tooth more
first wheel
has 100
teeth and the second 101, the pointers
will indicate respectively
136
revolutions.
101
and 10.100
iMontgolfier's
The
right hand valve bcin"
hydraulicram.
keptopen by a weight or spring,the current flowing through
the pipe in the direction
thereby.
of the arrow,
escapes
When
the pressure
the weight
of the water
current
overcomes
of
of
the shaft of the curved
the
other
right valve, the
valve, and the water
arm.
momentum
passes
133.
of
the water
opens
the
air-chamber.
into
the
On
MECHANICAL
91
MOVEMENTS.
equilibriumtaking place,the left valve shuts and the right
valve opens.
By this alternate action of the valves, water
is raised into the air-chamber at every stroke.
137. Kotary
engine. Shaft, B, and hub, C, are arranged eccentric to the
in and out of hub,
Slidingradial pistons,a, a, move
The pistonsslide through rolling
0.
packingsin the hub,
C.
138.
Quadrant engine. Two single-acting
pistons,B,
with crank, D.
the
Steam is admitted to acton
B, connect
of
the pistonsalternately
sides
outer
through valve a, and
is
between
the exhaust
the pistons. 139. Circular into rectilinear
case.
motion.
The
to the horizontal
to the
movement
scollopedwheel
by rolling contact
rectilinear
140.
between
motion
imparts
Rotary motion
and
oscillatingrod,
uprighthar.
communicates
mitted
trans-
arranged
obliquely
two
shafts.
MTJLTUM
We
if
have
some
be
would
and
our
where
and
names
to know
get
dress
ad-
an
and
two
half
a
wants
the
do
to
It
errand,
to write
us
combined
a
to
for him.
inquiries
time
Another
to
a
ter
let-
and
thermometer
"
will you be good enough to give me
of the best
of several of the makers
another
water
wants
wheels; another
Another,
barometer.
distance
"
certain
half hours
a
inclosed.
stamp
a
town
make
to
"
and
one
tell him
and
the
gives,up
office
require
not
so
he
which
from
miles
correspondents: One writes
good as to send a messenger
queer
will not
we
PAEVO.
IN
addresses
brick
machines;"
threshing machines;
written
desires our
writer
opinion
and
not one
the
best
with
which
is
our
to
as
device,
reasons,
swer
is thoughtfulenough to inclose a fee,or reflect that to another
Antime.
of
considerable
our
his request will consume
party wishes
ready for
New
to
us
sum
patent
sell,on
cents
of
with
much
For
some
out
Others
person
manufacture
We
but
a
small
in
are
at
the
buy
can
mixture
will sell for in the
the
he sends
us
Mr.
postage stamps.
valuable
cheap, that would
inventions,or
personal information,our
American.
he
information
this
cents
recipefor making
the
him
chequer-men
some
his travels
inclosed.
to
tar, where
how
of three
tell him
the
buv
and
market.
York
generous
to
use,
to write
us
of coal
out
ornaments
each
C. wants
invention, of which
be suitable
for him
West, by towns, counties,etc
want
who
to
us
will
for
reply
put them
purchase an
them,
to be
all times
or
furnish
to
can
three
,
tion
in communicainterest in their
printedin
happy
he
to take
serve
this
or
that
the Scientific
our
spondents,
corre-
errands are expectif repliesto purelypersonal
ed
sent.
be
should
five
to
from
dollars,
one
fee,say
92
MECHANICAL
u
MOVEMENTS.
IT
XL
s;
MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS.
94
MECHANICAL
i
MOVEMENTS.
MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS.
96
MECHANICAL
MOVEMENTS.
A
98
WILL
"1
PAY?
IT
if their
even
good improvements are worth patenting,
a prior patent.
device is
Many an infringing
infringes
All
use
the patent with which it conflicts. Patentees
inventions can usuallymake
of conflicting
satisfactory
with
of
the
the
owners
viously
priorpatents ; it is obarrangements
to the interestof priorpatentees to have their patents
worth
than
more
as possible. The
extensively
princelyrevenue
the
the
inventor
of
Howe,
sewing machine, said to be
used
of
as
hundred
thousand
dollars
annually,is derived
from
five
ing
infring-
patentees, who
The
each machine.
on
pay him a small royalty
of one of these
the owners
profitsdivided among
net
the celebrated
infringing
patents,
to
reported be more
might give hundreds
"
than
of
another,without
to
are
in
million
one
BELTS
Pressure
in Ihs.
10
15
90
25
80
35
40
45
50
55
PRESSURE
Correspond';;
Temperature,
192.4
212.8
228.5
241.0
251.6
260.9
269.1
276.4
283.2
289.3
295.6
i
Wilson
a
is
"
year.
We
AND
AND
Pressure
in IBS.
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
[THIRD
GEARS.
motion
gear
from
one
wheels,both
objectionable.
Continuous
rotary motion of the
the secondary shaft through the
STEAM
dollars
is to transmit
the use of belt or
instances
some
and
analogous examples.
FOB
SUBSTITUTE
The objectof this device
shaft to
of which
Wheeler
pulleyshaft,is imparted
connectingrods
TEMPERATURE.
Correspond';?
Temperature.
in Ibs.
Correspond'^
Temperature,
persq.in.
Fahrenheit.
\ Pressure
301.3
306.4
311.2
315.8
320.1
324.3
328.2
332.0
a39.2
345.8
352.1
EDITION.]
140
i
150
357.9
363.4
160
368.7
170
373.6
378.4
382.9
387.3
391.5
395.5
399.4
403.1
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
THE
VALUE
THE
WORKING
VALUE
as
until within
few
was
years,
a
99
BRAIXS.
OP
ordinary hand
an
a
OF
BBAINS.
in
Philadelphiaship-yard,
a
named
man
John
L. Knowl-
that while
His
others of his class were
peculiarity
was,
he was
at the ale-houses,
or
inces
indulgingin jollification,
sandy engaged in studying upon mechanical combinations.
One of his companions secured
a
poodle-dog,and spent six
tou.
months
in
teaching the quadruped
hind-legs. Knowlton
method
some
spent the
which
by
first
The
do in
to
is
saw
cuts
in
his
discovering
ship timber
in
Knowlton,
in the
a
beam
saw-mill
saw
Knowlton
the work
laborious
use
combination
that
that enabled
would
an
a dozen
occupy
entire day. That
in all the
patent for
a
dance.
processes,
and
parades or target-shootings,
secured
to
It
ship-yards of the country.
to a curved
shape as quickly as an ordinary
rips up a straightplank.
continued
his experiments. He took no part in
in
now
a
and
dog
mechanical
a
hours
two
slow
by
his
taught
man
discovered
same]time,
men,
out
saw
jig upon
a
period
same
could
execute
form.
beveled
him
he
to
a
machine
in
a
short
that turns
time
any
afterward
material
he
ever
what-
perfectlysphericalform. He sold a portion of his
that
is equivalent to a fortune.
The
patent for a sum
for the govmachine
used in cleaning off cannon-balls
was
ernment.
into
When
a
the ball
comes
from the mould, the surface is incrust-
smoothing it was slow and
almost
in an
This machine
wearisome.
instant,and with
mathematical
peels it to the surface of the metal,
accuracy,
time smoothing out any deviations from the perat the same
fect
form.
spheroidal
ed, and
The
that
the
same
was
ordinary process
of
unassuming
has invented
man
the drill.
him
dollars
upon
thousand
A
gentleman present
offered
upon the spot for a part interest in
then accepted.
and the offer was
invention,in Europe,
The moral of all this is,that people who
the
boring-machine,
of scientific genin the presence of a number
tlemen.
of twenty-two inches an hour,
It bored
at the rate
dred
with a pressure of but three hunblock of granite,
tested
through a
pounds
ten
a
keep
on
studying
100
are
ENGRAVINGS
something. Mr. Knowlton
by any means
brilliant;but if
himself
with
idea,he
an
ADVERTISING.
achieve
to
sure
AND
doesn't
inspired
tangible
once
it until lie forces it into
pursues
body would follow copy, the world
If every
be less filledwith
shape.
and
idlers,
the
with
streets
sider
con-
would
grumblers and
malcontents.
ENGRAVINGS
EXPERIENCE
engravings
AND
shows
is
introduction
that
of
one
the
illustration
the
best
of inventions
for the
ADVERTISING.
circulation
devised
ever
means
and
of inventions
the
sale of
by
for
the
As
patents.
a
of such
illustrations,
nothing can
the Scientific
American.
graving
Every encompare
therein
before
published
probably not less than
goes
hundred
one
andjifty thousand persons.
All good business
before spending their money
men,
upon
in the habit of inquiring about
the character
are
advertising,
and extent
of circulation enjoyed by the journal that solicits
their patronage.
In this respect the publishers of the
American
Scientific
challenge the closest scrutiny; the facts
means
in value
will show
other
that
with
their terms
journal of
the
much
are
class in
same
lower
than
of any
those
the extent
proportion to
of circulation.
Parties
address
who
the
view
their machines
have
illustrated
also
can
send
tists
arprepared
with
manufacturing establishments,
American.
publicationin the Scientific
MUNN
" CO.,
37 Park Row, New-York.
sketches
their
to
to
undersigned,who
to make
a
desire
are
to
of
SOAP-BUBBLES.
FEW
of
Dissolve
a
in small
pieces,in
boil it for
quarter
two
glycerine.
most
children
things amuse
or
When
an
three
quarters
minutes
cold, this
lasting bubbles
of Castile
ounce
three
that
can
than
more
;
of
a
then
fluid will
blowing
oil soap, cut up
pint of water, and
or
add
five
produce
be blown.
bubbles.
the
ounces
best
of
and
GOING
TO
GOING
TO
WASHINGTON
IN
"WASHINGTON
IN
SOME
PERSON.
inventors
naturally,that
suppose,
very
if
personallypresent
Washington, they can get
in
their
101
PERSON.
through
cases
or
ditiously,
more
command
expe-
other
facilities. But
portant
im-
this is not
The
journey to Washington
of time
waste
usuallya mere
A good agent must
and money.
be employed after the inventor
so.
is
No
gets there.
have
of the entire business
THIRD
Office does not
These
our
own
;
of the Patent
have
especialduty
the
Patent
models.
we
the interests of
forward
The
; and
hands
through our
charged with
of
an
can
sibly
pos-
or
facilities
influence
superiorto
ONE
inventor
than
more
Office passes
office in
Washington,
and
watching over
ing
press-
clients.
our
prepare
patent papers,
or
make
provided by the applicantor
law, otherwise his claim will not
be
must
attorney, according
to
considered.
his
be
,
deposited
especiallyrequiresthat all documents
and
Office shall be correctly,
in the Patent
clearly
legibly,
size,
written,and that the drawings shall be of a specified
The
law
executed
and
Persons
their
MUNN
who
manner.
Washington
patent business
promptly
SCIENTIFIC
Co.'s BRANCH
of 7th and
in person,
attended to,
OF
furnish
full
'PATENTS,
assignment,etc.,
etc.
or
all
Office.
CLAIMS,
or
copies of specifications
existing patent,
have
can
by calling at
OFFICE, corner
AMERICAN
F streets, Appositethe Patent
COPIES
any
artistic
an
visit
"
WE
in
ETC.
drawings
of
rejectedcase, official letter,
open
The expense
is very moderate.
For
seu:l a copy of the claims only,of any existing
$1 we can
of the patent is given.
patent, provided the date or number
But
not
when
we
have
to search
up
the patent, date
being given,the charge is increased.
or
number
102
THE
LAW
INFRINGEMENT.
OF
INFRINGEMENTS.
THE
that
general rule
the
to
of law
is,
titled
prior patentee is enbroad interpretation
a
The
of his claims.
of
scope
therefore
any patent is
ed
governby the inventions of prior
date.
To
determine
whether
infringementof another,generally
requiresa most careful study of all analogous prior patents
such
and
rejected applications. An opinion based
upon
study requiresfor its preparationmuch time and labor.
to all the patents, models, public records,
Having access
pertaining to the Patent
drawings, and other documents
make
are
examinations, and give
Office,we
prepared to
opinions upon all infringementquestions,advice as to the
and ground covered
by patents, and direct with vigor
scope
connected.
Address,MUNN
any legalproceedings therewith
" Co., 37 Park
Row, N. Y.
of these examinations,with written opinion,
The
expense
volved.
varies from $25 to $100 or more, according to the labor inthe
To
use
of
a
patent is
the Editors
Let
me
even
may
AMERICAN
American
:
Scientific
prise.
great enteryou, gentlemen,in your
need
lightand elegantliterature ; we
Tlie
of
encourage
Perhaps
need
we
"
chess
continue
Swift's prayer
where
only one
and
"
"
an
to
Make
columns
the
teach
two
THE
SCIENTIFIC
to
realize Dean
blades
before."
grew
;" but let
people how
of grass grow
on
Let it still increase
agricultural
knowledge
of bur
artisans
the
spot
the
chanical
me-
and
mers,
far-
by publishing the latest discoveries in science and
then
its editors will have
And
improvements in the arts.
reward
that of being considered
the noblest
the guardian
the
of
and
the
of
inventors,
champions
genius,
angels
employed in developing the highest phyprime motors"
sical
"
"
and
intellectual
Camden,
Ark.
resources
of this great country.
W.
A.
SHAW,
M.D.
103
APPLICATIONS.
QUICK
APPLICATIONS.
QUICK
son,
WHEN, from any readesirous
partiesare
of applying for a Patent
in
or
filing a Caveat
a
great haste, without
loss of time,
moment's
they have only to write
telegraph to
or
ertions,
specialex-
will make
we
us, and
lu many
we
prepare
can
at
we
can
send
not
this is forbidden
as
for
papers
Commissioner
blank
them
by
the
ents
correspond-
our
must
pers
pa-
hour's notice.
an
But
cases,
the
that
remember
signature and
oath,
of Patents.
in haste, may
when
clients,
copy, on foolscap
the
and
of
21.
petition
attorney on
paper,
power
page
the
invention.
Then, on another sheet,write a descriptionof
Our
distant
N'o matter
of
page
a
about
two
justiceof
check
Also
it to
21, attach
or
send
the
and
papers
Office.
the
copy
form
stated
fees,as
can
proceed
then
with
at
the
on
once
revise
before
case
of oath
can
specificationmust
not
these
sign
be
correct
the
Patent-
signed by him.
originalpapers
on
and
IT is necessary,
in all cases, that the applicationfor
be made
in the name
should
of the inventor,and
petitionand
sence
pre-
the papers with
9.
8 and
pages
send
notary, and
it in the
affidavit before
description,make
the
We
model.
the
Then
peace or
for the
order
language. Sign
or
grammar
witnesses.
a
His
tent
pa-
the
torney
at-
for him.
filed by citizens and those who have
resided in this country a year and declared
their intentions
citizens.
to become
Foreignerscan not file Caveats.
Caveats
can
All persons
take American
only
be
without
Patents
any
on
distinction
the
same
as
to
terms
as
nationalitycan
citizens.
104
HINTS
USEFUL
TO
WORD
A
TO
INQUIRERS.
INQUIRERS.
WE
frequentlyreceive letters containing
long stringsof trifling
questions,relative to
all sorts of things,without
fee to pay
any
for our time in obtainingthe information,
us
nor
even
stamps for postage or stationery.
Many of these correspondents close their
that
letters with the comforting assurance
I would
remit
for your
trouble, but do
"
know
the
consciences
the
value
latter is of
how
them
recommend
would
to
not
to
a
dollar
not
To
send."
relieve
all such
desired
value,they ought
no
to
of
send
of the
them
to
much
or
doubters, we
according
more,
information.
to
trouble
us
If the
with
their
fly-tracks.
inquirers the followinghints
be useful : The best washing-machines, the best strawmay
cutters,the best churns, the best brick-machines, the best
engines,the best sewing-machines, the best of every thing
and
illustrated in THE
in the mechanical
line,is advertised
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, and the address of the partieshaving
such things on sale is there given. Write
directlyto them
To
other classes of
certain
for the information
first find
at
what
THE
SCIENTIFIC
work
for you
find
To
the
To
you
Do
unless
of
area
send
you
an
diameter
a
not
small
If you cannot
back
numbers
of
us.
expect
us
do
to
the
remittance.
eter
multiply the long diamellipsis,
and
by .7854 ; the product will
area.
relate your
Never
you
spare
read
the
desire,
AMERICAN.
the short
by
be
the
want, and
you
cannot
never
grieveover
what
prevent.
circle,multiplythe square
Or multiply the
by the decimal .7854.
by the radius,and divide the product by 2.
find
diameter
misfortunes,and
the
area
of
a
of
the
ference
circum-
106
MINERAL
CONSTITUENTS.
CONSTITUENTS
FROM
FOLLOWING
MINERAL
REMOVED
THE
AN
ABSORBED
OF
ACRE
CROPS.
OR
BY
SOIL
Hay,
tons.
%
Lbs.
Potassa
38.2
12.
44.5
Soda
Lime
Magnesia
7.1
.6
15.1
9.2
4.1
78.2
Oxide
of Iron...
Phosphoric Acid.
Sulphuric Acid..
Chlorine
Silica
Alumina
.
.
.
Total.
! 209.00
423.00
SOUND
Is the effect
produced
certain limits of
within
thirty-twovibrations
when
about
C of
a
number
of vibrations
musical
instrument
below, half the number
atmosphere. The
the point where a
an
distance
stroke
1 100 by
multiplying
the flash is
seen
of
natale.
Uuis
in
a
observer
an
be known
lightningfalls,
may
that
still
and
by
elapse after
is heard.
INVENTEURS
FRANCAIS.
familiers
avec
la
langue an-
leurs
communiquer
notre
Toutes
examen.
communications
Chaque personne,
exception,peut obtenir
soit native
confidence.
une
octave
the number.
tions
inven-
leur langue
addresser
dans
franqais,peuvent nous
dessein et une
concise
un
description
Envoyez nous
en
en
Au
feet per second
in feet between
glaiseet qui prefereraientnous
pour
the middle
second.
of seconds
ceases
reached.
are
above, twice
of 1100
non
franc.ais
inventeurs
made, and
are
per
octave
the number
LES
beginswhen
correspondingwith
until the sound
MESSIEURS
LES
;
sound
second
per
is 522
travels at the rate
Sound
A
per second
vibrations
8000
air is set in motion
when
ear
rapidity.Audible
about
The
the
upon
seule
sous
les
dans
franc,ais
memes
notre
37 Park
conditions
bureau.
une
que
patente
les
serout
reQues
etrangere,
ou
dans
les Etats
citoyens. On parle
MUNN
"
Co.,
Row, New-York, Scientific American
Office.
CENSUS
OF
UNITED
BY
STATES,
ALABAMA."
Antanga... 11,623
Clay
Baker
Clehurne
6,194
Baldwin....
Barbour...
Coffee
Colbert
..
Bentun
Conecuh
...
Bibb
Coosa
7,469
60,722
Franklin.
Geneva
Oreene
18,399
Hancock
derdale
1,132
2,676
4,629
Cl"rk
Arkansas
8,268
8,042
..
Alhley
Elmore
...14,477
4,041
Kscambia.
3,943
Madison
7.032
Dallas
Di-slia
Bradley.
8,646
Drew
Calhoun
3,8*3
Franklin..
.
Carroll
6,780
Chicot
7,214
11.953
.11,3!17
.8,112
Clark
Columbia
Conway.
Crawford
.
..
Mississippi. 3,633
8,336
2984
Montgom'y
Monroe
Kern
....9.582
...11.403
Calaveras.
8,895
Colusa
6.166
Del
None..
Freano
Merci-d.
17,423
Pike
8893
.
.
.
11,318
St. Clair..
fl.360
Sumter
24,110
Talladega..18,063
Tallapoosa 16,9*8
Tuacaloosm. 20,081
Walker.
6,543
.
.
.
.
\Vanhington 3,912
Wilcox
.28,377
4,166
996,988
...
Winaton..
.
miles.
square
Newton
3,364
Ouachita.
.12,975
Saline
3,911
7,483
5,614
.12,940
4,492
Scott
2,685
Perry
Phillips. .15,372
Searcy
I'ike
3,788
Serier
1,720
Sharpe
3,376
Union
8,409
\an
8,604
Wa.hingfnl7.266
Sebaitian.
..
Poinsett
...
Polk.
Pulaski
..
Randolph
St. Francis.
6,400
10,571
Buren.
.32,066
White
.7,466
6,714
Woodruff.
YeU
6,107
10,346
6,891
8,048
483,179
.
1,956
Mono
2,925
Monterey
8,461
2,022
Marin
.4.572
7,546
Mendocino
Sonoma
9.876
7,163
S. Mateo
Sutler
..
19,136
11,367
4,489
Sarramen(o26,831
S. Bernar'o
3,988
6.903
Mariposa
Solano
Joaquin 21,060
S.L.Obispo. 4,771
430
1,686 Napa
Lake...! .2,969
Nevada
Laaaen
1,324 Placer
Los Angeloil.1.309 Plumas
8.
6,636
7,784
.26,246
8,743
4,173
..
S. Barbara.
..
8. Clara.
.
8. Cruz
...
Diego
San
miles.
square
S. Franr'ol49,482
2,807
...
.
10,309
0,336
El Dorado
6,143
Klamalh
.
Cost*
Pickens..
188,981
Area,
Humboldt..
Inyo
685
Butte
Contra
.
Sanford..
Shelby
Told
24,237
Alpine
14,214
24.976
.17,690
.
.
Perry
7,927 Pope
3,979- Prairie
...
Marion
7,573
13.768
H"-nipst.-ad
Hot Sprinjjs 6,877
CALIFORNIA."
Alameda...
..
Monroe.
.
Green
3,831
52,108
6,806
Jackson.
.7,268
Jeflerson
.16,733
Johnson..
9,152
Lafayette 9,139
Lawrenre..
5,981
Little River
3,236
Independ'reU.SeG
8,1157
.
Crittenden
Mm.lgom'y.43.704
.12,187
Morgan.
.12,006
21,636
.
Runell
Total
Grant
13,831
6,059
..9,871
49,311
Randolph
.
Fulton
CroM
...31.267
Marengo.. .26,151
Mobile
15,017
Area,
.
Madison
14,191
19,410
Limestone.
Izaril
Boone
...
Lee
4,677
3.91S
6,707
6,125
9,960
9,627
4,843
Benton
...
rence
...10,109
ARKANSAS."
Craigbead
17,727
Marshall.
.
Etowah
.26,719
.
Maron
21,792
12,345
15,092
.16,668
21,760
rrson...
i
Lowndea.
Marion
Hale
1870.
miles.
square
7,166
8.006
.2,959
Fayette
11,946
FOE
COUNTIES,
Area,
9,660
8,017
6,171
.12,637
9,674
..
6,004
29,309
THE
4,974
.
...
Sluuta
Sierra
Siskiyou
...
16,871
.19,819
6,499
..
Stanblaua
.
6,030
3,587
Tehoma
...
3.213
4,633
Trinity
Tulare
8,150
9,899
10,861
660,286
Tuolumne.
6.619
Yolo
6,848
Tuba
.
Total
.
CONNECT
Hartford
N.
N.
17,328
1.325
Baker
.
Duval
.
.
Brevard
.
3,671
Gad"len
1,216
Hamilton
Calhoun.
908
..
..
Hernando
.
Clay
.
Columbia
.2.098
7,:a.5
HilLsboro
.
Holmes
Baker
Baldwin
Bankn
Barlow
Berrien
Bibb
Brooks
Bryan.
21
...5,262
..
Lafayette.
9,802
5,749
2,938
3,215
Leon
.
9.628
13,398
1,783
15.233
2,017
1,060
Levy
Liberty
...
Madinon
.11,121
1,931
..
Manaiee
1 .672
.
38.518
537,418
miles.
t
126,016
Total
miles.
Marion
10,804
Monroe
5,667
Naa"u
4,247
New
Ri"er,
2,195
Orange
Polk
3,159
Putnam
3,821
S. Rosa
3,312
square
St. Johni
2,618
..
Snmter.
.
.
Suwanee
.
.
.
.
.
Taylor
Volu"ia
.
...
W.kullm
Walton
..
...
*,96"
",556
1,441
1,7*3
J,8"6
3.060
2.3OT
Waahinc'n
.
187,760
Tota'
Area,
Bullock
5,610
14,586
.6,941
5,503
..4,611
9,176
.
Burke
Butta
..
Calhoun
.
Camlen
Campbell
.
..
11,782
.'.r,.r.farr.,11.
8342
..
.
Jatlerson
Windhara
Total
31,696
1,266
GEORGIA."
5,086
..6,843
10,618
4,973
16,606
.4,618
squar
22,000
..
...
85
Appling
2.120
..
Jackson
11.921
7,826
Escamhia
Tolland
50,268
Area,
..
Bradford
.
milts.
square
121,257
66,534
Sussex
63,616
Franklin..
Benion
London.
Area,
Castle
FLORIDA."
Alachna
Haven.
N.
DELAWARE"
29,804
Kent
4,674
ICUT.-Area.
l.iti-lifield 48,727
Middlesex
36.099
95,270
.109,007
Fairfirld
68,000
..
...
Catoos"
...
4,409
.
13,814
3,192
1.654
Kalb
.10,014
9,790
Uoofcy
Ihrngherty 11,614
13,529
Earlj
KchoU
.
..
.
Clayton
Caai
miles.
square
1,8!I7 Cobl.
Coffrr
Chatham
.41. 279
Cbattah'ee.
6.059
C.dquilt
Columbia
6,902
Chatooga
Coweta
Cherokee.
10,399
Clarke
12,941 Crawford.
Bade
6.493
Clay
Charltnn
Clinch
.6,477
3.033
Dawson
...
.
3,946
.
15,875
7,657
Dec.tur.
.
4.369
16,183
De
0.998
1,978
Effingham. 4,214
.
9.U"
Elberl
Emanuel
..
Fannin.
.
..
6,143
".4"
108
CENSUS
.
.
.
Franklin
-.
7,983
7,893
OF
Irwin
Uilmer
Glascock
..
Ulynn
Gordon
Greene
Gwinnett..
Habersham
Hall
Hancock.
Haralson...
Harrii
...
..
.
8,321
Ogletborpe.11,782 Taliaferro
7,639 Tatnall
Paulding
Pickenj
6,317 Tajlor
6.161
Pierce
2,778
10.905
7.822
Pike
11,458
8,227
8,000
4.485
Polk
Tclfair
.
12942
Marion
7,866
Mclntosh
...
.
Pulaski
..
Putnam
Bureau.
6,662
16.706
Carroll
Kankakee
Ford
Knox
9,103
Fulton
Clark
Hamilton
Grundy
..
.
Salle
..
Lawrence.
12,533
20.277
.14,938
Lee
27,171
.13,014
Logan
..11,134
Green
39,623
21,014
.60,792
Lake
La
38,292
Gallatin
18,719
..
.12,652
.
10,089
Champaign 32,738
Christian
20,363
Can
Kendall
...
Franklin
24,352
.12,399
Liringston.31,472
23,062
WashingV
Wayne
4,796
Wrbiter
4,860
White
7,143
Whitfirld
...
16,184
9,581
Coles
..
Cook
25,237
Henderson
349,978
13,889
12,223
Crawford
Cumberl'd
DeKalb
DeWitt
Douglas
16,284
Hardin
.
.
Madison.
.13,484
Jersey
INDIANA."
11,736
.18.769
12,892
..
Mercer.
..
Monroe
Elkhart
Fayetto
Saline
Can
24,193
Green
Clarke
24,770
19,084
17,330
9,861
Hamilton
Clay
Clinton....
Franklin
Fulton
Gibson
Grant
19,514
.
Hancock.
.
Harrison
..
Crawford..
Davien
...16,747
Hendricks
Dearborn..
Howard
24,116
Kalb.
.
Delaware
17,167
10,630
Shrlby
.
...
Adams
AUamakee.
Appanoose
Audubon
1.21J
22,464
Benton
Bl'k
Hawk.21,706
Boone....
Bremer
..
.20,277
Henry
...
Jackson
..
Chickasaw.
Clay
Clayton
Clinton.
12,528
Crawford.
.
Porte
.
Lawrence
.
Randolph. .20,859
Hichland
.
Martin
...
14.168
...
Montgoin'; 23,765
17,528
Morgan
...
Newton
Decatur
50,914
IMibuque
Emmett
Rot k Island 29,783
St. flair
.51.069
5,464
Dickinson
12,018
Delaware
Des
Moines
.17,432
27.258
1,389
.
square
miles.
Noble
20,389
6,837
Ohio
Orange
M3.497
Owen
White
16,846
Whileside
Will
Williamson
Winnebago
Woodford
Fayrtte
Floyd
...
Stark
Sullivan
..
Parke
Tipton
Shelby
Spencer
11,963
Union
6,341
Vanderb'g 33.145
Vermilion
..
Kossuth
Wabash
.21,305
10,204
..
Warren
...
Warwick
Washing'n 18,495
34,048
Wayne
7.873
Wells
White
13,585
..10,554
Whitley
14,399
...
miles.
.
Ida
2,596
226
.
Madison
.16.854
..
Mahaska
2.5IW
.
Iowa
Jackson
.
.
Jefferson
16,642
Marion
22,620
Marshall
22,116
Mills
17,839
Mitchell
4,434
.17 076
.
8,717
.
..
Johnson
.
.
Jones
Keokuk
.
.
.24,898
19,731
.19,434
Monona
Monroe
13,686
Lynn
28,785
Osceola
8,931
Louisa
12,869
10,288
Palo
Lucas
6,282
Lynn
21
9,583
3,654
....12,724
.
Musratine" 21,688
O'Brien
21,460
.
Montgom'y. 6,934
Lee
..
.
.
.
3.361
37,210
999
10,840
33,549
.
Vigo
21,892
.17,998
Humboldt
6,065
..
..
...
Joseph .25.322
Scott
Jasper
Harrison
Howard
St.
square
..
3.888
12.854
.18,453
Steuben
Perry
38.969
1 .292
16,973
K.768
4,738
11.174
4,627
6,398
..7,061
Hardin
Henry
27,606
43,013
17,329
29,301
.18.956
S"itzrrlandl2,134
Tippecanoe 33,515
16.137
.
.
.
Franklin
8,736
1,5-23 Fremont
Greene
.27,771
.35,357
(Jrundy
(iuthrie
2,530
Hamilton
12.019
Ilanrork...
16,665
...
5,829
...
...
Dari"
12,803
..
19,758
Wayne
..
Marshall
.
9,961
1,602
2,461
Can
.
..
Butler
...
La
Monroe
10,180
Clarke
.66,280
..
18,166
14,801
Pike
12,339
13,779
Porter
27,062
13,942
14,628 Posey
19,186
Pulaski
.22,770
7,802
66,245 Putnam
21,614
20,211
Randolph. 22,862
.11,103
20,977
Ripley
21.li.52 Rush'
17,626
23,831
Grange. 14,148
Lake
Area,
Cherokee
18,366
21,669
Kosciusko
16,847
19,731
4.722
1,967
Gor'o
Cerro
Dallas
Carroll
...
2,539,638
...
Miami
6.534
16.000
Cedar
.17,034
BuenaVista.1,586
Calhoun...
Putnam
Knox
22,986
18,974
...
14,676
Buchanan
20,622
32.729
.44.131
20,622
16,956
Johnson
Marion
IOWA."
3,982
4,614
17,868
16,466
Pulaski
.29,741
16,218
.
.15,123
19,913
Jasper
12,697 Jay
Adair
Pope
.63,988
11.437
8,752
..
Jennings
Madison.
19,030
Duboii
.
Jeffrrwm
La
.17,419
.
Scott
.
.23.762
33,809
.20,882
Huntington 19,036
Decatur
De
.26,026
.10,476
23,300
16,389
20,223
12,726
17,371
18,487
12,714
46,354
Schuyler
Total
Area,
Floyd
Fountain
Carroll
.
Marshall
16,054
..
6,615
6,272
22,593
8,681
16,152
Brown
.
:""H
M.47S
10.751
Montgom'y. 25,315 Slark
Morgan .'28.463 Stephenson.30,608
Moultrie
Tajew
ell
.10,386
27,903
Onion
27,493
16,518
Ogle
Peoria
47,540 Vermilion.
30,388
Wabash
13,723
.8,841
Perry
Piatt
Warren
10,963
23.174
..
.
10,382
Boone
Macon
Marion
...11,234
Jefferson
..17,864
Jasper
43,494
Blackford
..
Macoupin
23,266
14.768
.21,133
McLean
Jackson
Allen
Benton
McHenry.
.19,634
11.7T6
9.3S7
'
Henry
Iroquois ..26,782
Adams
Barthol'w
8,113
12.582
35,507
.2.439
Sangamon
'
Clinton
10.546
16,641
2.177
4,677
4.CU6
.10,117
..
1,194,089
...
..
Calhoun
2,SWi
Warren
miles.
..
12,206
32,416
WaKun
Ware
Total
.
Brown.
...
...
Efflngham. 15,653
19,338
Fayett"
9.430
9,9-:5
11,028
Walker
S.S48 Wilciix
9,053 Wilkes
.17,158 Wilkinson
2,780 Worth
Terrell
Thomas.
Boone
6,783
.
...
Adams
Alexander.
Bond
Heard
Upton
.
..
11,940 Towns
10,461
65.405
ILLINOIS.
-Area,
square
.16.685 Jo Uaviess
27,810 Ma.on
66,362 Du Page
Matsar
.11.248
21,450 Johnson
10,564 Edgar
Edwards
Menard
39,091
7,666 Kane
13.152
Hart
.
..
..
.
Un
.
...
6.413
..
10,561
.25,137
Richmond
.17.213 Sehley
6,129
9,175
Montgom'y. 3,586 ScriTer.
.10,696 Spauklmg. 10,205
Morgan
6,500 Stewart
14,204
Murray
Sumler
16,559
Muscogee. 16.663
Newton
Talbot
.14.614
11,913
9,567
.18,912
..
Randolph
..
2,964
9,436
7,834
...
..6,633
STATES.
Monr"e.
.12,192
.
...
4,284
Mitchell
11,181
10,439
..
UNITED
Milton
1.837
Jackson
3.346 Jasper
6,644 Jefferson
2,736 Johnson
6,376 Jones
9,268 Laurens
12,464 Lee
12,431 Liberty
6,322 Lincoln
9,607 Lowndes
.11,317 Lumpkin
4,004 Macon
13,284 Madison.
Fulton
THE
715
...
9,974
1,336
Page
Alto
..
Plymouth
.
2,199
CENSUS
Porahontas.
Sac
1,446
Polk
Pottawat'e
Powesbiek
33.5'.)9
Shelby
3,640
Sioui
18,581
.
1,411
Boolt
27.H57
16,893
Hifl3Si)ld.5,698
THE
OP
"76
11,651
Story
Tima
Union
Van Buren
Wapello
KANSAS.-Area,
Allen
Anderson
Crawford.
7,0*3
Davis
5,220
Atchison.!.
15.607
.
.
Dickin".n
..
Doniphan. .13,969
.20,604
Douglas
Barb'r(w.Carley
Burton
3
..
15,076
6,824
8,035
1,975
11,038
Brown
Butler
Chase
Cherokee..
2,942
Cloud
2,323
Coflee
6,201
1,336
207
Johnson.
Kiowa
.13,684
..
Ford
9,973
Comanche
.10,385
Graham
1,175
6,449
Barren
Bath
Boone
10.CU6
14,863
8.673
Bourbon...
Boyd
Boyle
6.053
..
..
...
Garrard.
.
Grant
9,400
..
9,198
20,666
Franklin..
Fulton
..10,826
Calloway
8,597
6.497
9.381
7,690
Crittenden.
Cumberl'd.
DaTiess.
.20,714
"ilroondson
4,459
Elliott
4,433
Gallalin
Caldwell
.13,398
7.877
.15.300
6.161
5.074
.10,376
9.529
Gratej
19,398
Campbell..27 ,406 Grayson
ChrUtia*
Clark
.6,189
.7,509
..8,884
Greene
.23,227
Hardin
.11,680
9,379
..
Greenup... 11,463
Hancock...
6,591
15,705
4,415
.
10,882
616
12,174
8,024
Lyon
.
...
2,226
87,680
Area,
Clinton
Harlan
4,146
Sedgwick.. 1,622
Osage
7,648
Osborne...
33
Shawnee
Smith
Ottawa
11121
"6
2,157
Pawnee
Phillip.
Trejo
Rorke..
Kullit
Butler....
156
Saline
"
...
Floyd
7,781
9,404
Huwll
Morris
Jackson.
Fleming
.
.10,108
..
Hiley
..11,409
Breathitt
6.672
Breckin'ge. 13.110
.
Rush
Montgom'y. 7,564
...2,794
Fayette
Bracken
2
.
Howard
Estill
9,515
7,339
..
Nai
Neosho.
Harp'r (w. Carlejf
Hodeeman.
8,484
Harmon
Hart
Henderson.
.12,993
.
13,687
18.457
11,066
Henry
Hickman
8,463
.13,827
Hopkins
Jackson...
4,547
Jefferson
.118,963
..
..
.
Jessamine
8.638
.
John Bell
Johnson
8,731
..
7,494
...
36,096
8,294
Knox
8,235
6,016
Republic... 1,281
Rice
5
8,105
Marion
Marshall
Mason
12,838
9,455
..
18,126
NcCracken
13 ?S8
McLean
7,614
Meado
9,488
Menifee
..1.986
Mercer.
..13,144
Metcalf.
7,934
Monroe
9,231
...
.
LOUISIANA."
11,577
Assumption 13,234
802,872
9,562
J.699
Pulask!
.17,670
Robertnon
.83.0P9
Rock Cajtle 7,145
Rowan
2,991
..
Russell
Scott
9,027
14,309
8,889
Ow.ley
Pemlleton
Perry
.11,030
4,274
....
..5,966
8,J2"
12,612
Taylor
Todd
Owen
A.VOJ riles
H.
HOUR.
..
E
12,926
17,817
5,114
Hientillc
.10,636
12,675
21.714
Bossier
CalcasiMi
..
!":,!.!",1!
6,733
4.820
10,110
Catahoula
Oaiborne..
.
Concordia
13,686
Trimble.
Union
Warrm
6.677
13,640
.21,742
Washing'n.12,464
10,602
Wayne
Webster.. .10,937
...
..
Whileley
9,977
DeSoto
M.9G2
Fi-li.-i'iw.K.
13.499
..
8,210
1.81.001
.
\,
.3IS.WW
:-.'.UfJ
.,:":".
Lafourche
.14.719
Liiingiton 4,026
.
..
9,042
15,317
Iberrille
Orleans
Franklin..
",i'20
18,807
OuaebiU
A
Arundel.24.l."7
Haltimore.330,711
9.865
Caliert
Caroline...
12. 101
Hancock...
36,470
53.205
Kennebec.
Knox
30.82S
..
St. Charles.
St. Helena.
SI. James
4,867
6,423
.10.153
SJ.theB'p
.11.652
8.
Laund'y.21.640
miles.
square
26,697
Piscataquia11.103
33,188
Sagadaboc.l8"03
St. Tamm'y
5 686
Tangipabo
7.928
Tensas
Ter.Bonne
12,421
12,451
Union
11,685
Vermilion
4,628
Washing"n. MM
Winn
....4.955
Total
732,731
Lincoln.
..
Oxford
..
Petnbscot.71.Cyl
Somerset
.34.611
Waldo
11.124
28,619
llarfor.l
C.rll
'.-O.S71
II
Charles
16.738
Krnt
Dorchester
Prederirk
19.458
.47.57J
link.-.
.
,,r.l
.
.22,606
11.150
17,10*
Muutgum'y 20,561
York
H*mpden
43,343
60,174
...626,463
miles.
equare
Pr.lii--irer.21.13H
16,083
Qu'n Anne
Talbot
St.
Wlmmiro
Mary's 14,944
Somerset
.
.18,150
.
Washing'n
Worcester
Total
.
1B.1S7
34.712
15 H02
16,419
780,806
Area,
,1.7*7
34.535
.
WasbiM'.
Total
Carroll
9.370
Mary'.. 13.860
31,766
.
MASSACHUSETTS."
table 35.774
St.
Coupee. 12,981
.18.015
Rapides
Richland
5.110
Sabine
6.466
S. Bernard.
8,653
.
Area,
MAHYLAND.-Area,
Alleenany 38,538
8. Martin's.
Ft.
191.125
.
.
i
miles.
PlaqucminelO,553
..
MAINE."
Awlrn-c'n
.10,388
Lafayette.
Madison..
Felici'na.Wlu.l'.lH M wire bo us" 9,387
Franklin
8,078 Natehitoeh* 18,265
Grant
4,617
Opeluuiu
Iberia
1.691
17.767
..
8,278
..
Wolfi
Woodford
aauare
7,646
...
.
..
Cameron
8.475
20,210
41,255
Jackson
Jaffcrson
9.673
...
Spencer
Trigg
..
5.809
11,607
.15,733
Shelby..
Simpson
Morgan.
Oldham
Area,
Carroll
3817
"10.019
Wyandot
Montgom'y. 7,557
9,115
.
...
..
Lewis
10,947
l.ivingiton 8,200
lx"Kan
20,429
Lyon
6,233
538
4,081
6,"4
Total..
miles.
Madison
..19.543 Pike
Magoffin. 4,684 Powell
8,056
4.608
Lincoln
M"2
Wa"hinrt'n
Wilson
Woodaon
..
Lctcher
8,497
.
kaunse*
square
6,975
Muhlenb'g. 12.638
Nelson
14.804
Nicholas...
9,129
Ohio
15,561
....
:
.
...
Kenton
La Rue
Laurel
Lawrence
Leo
...
Total
Ascension..
.2,392
...
miles.
Wallace
111,296
12,576
17,780
10,145
riBhl
6,211
2.89*
.
Total. .1,191,802
W
Allen
..
W
1.56S
Pratt
Reno
Adalr
Ballard
10.484
Winnebago
Pottawat'e. 7,848
KENTUCKY."
11,065
flay
Anderson
Worth
.
.
..
Marion
768
Marshall..
6,901
McPherson.
738
Miami
.11,755
Mitchell...
485
.
Caiky etui
Leavenw'rh32,444
Linn
Franklin..
Woodbury
1 1 ,287
ync
Webster
Norton
Labette
\V;m,c"riiek23,570
Wa
.
1,185 Lincoln
.
Greenwood.
Go"e
Clarke
City
Kllii
Ellsworth.
.I7.?K.I
..
Washington I8.9SS
square
.12,626 Nemeha
Jellerwn..
Jewell
..
Bourbon...
Warren
78,418
8,160
3.993
3,043
.
10,131
6,989
6.S88
17,672
22.346
Taylor
109
STATES.
UNITED
7.80O
f".4l)9
square
Nanturket.
miles.
4,123
rluffolk
110
CENSUS
OF
MICHIGAN."
Alrona
696
Delta
32,105
Alpena
2756
Eaton
Antrim
1 985
Emmet
Barry
22199
Genesee
15900
Gladwin
2,441
26,171
1,211
.33,900
..
84
Branch....
26
G'dTn
4,443
...36569
Cass
21094
Charlevoix.
1 724
Cheboygan.
Chippcwa..
2
Clinton
Becker
Benlon
Big
27,681
3,163
4,113
Jackson
.36,047
Blue
24
.
Earth.17,302
Breckinr'o
634
Crow
200
Wing
Buchanan
etal
Carlton
286
11,587
Casa
184
Faribault
Fillmore.
.
9,390
891
.
Manistee
Ogemaw...
Ontonagon.
Mason
Mecosta
Osceola
..
3,273
6,642
95,274
Kcnnebec..
Lake
".
.11,661
Itasca
178
Jackson
1,825
...
7,498
2,038
..
,047
19,899
Choctaw
Grenada..
.10,571
4,239
5,795
Hancock
..
Harrison
..
Hinds
26,798
19,370
Holm
Claiborne..
13,386
7,505
7,144
20,608
Clark
Coahoma
..
Copiah
135
70
Saginaw.. .39,097
St. Clair
.36,661
..14,662
.
20,868
Joseph 26,276
Tuscola
.13,714
..
Van
lluren.28,828
Washtenaw41,434
Wayne
119,039
..
Wessford
660
.
Total
1,184,296
miles.
square
Sibley
Tail
Otter
64
Perabina..
Le
Sueur.
145
Pierce
.11,607
Pine
6,725
Stearns.
.14,206
8,271
.51,043
Pipe
Manomin
Steele
648
Stone
Toombs
.
.
Issaquena. 6J887
Murray
209
Nicollet
8362
Noble
117
Olmsted
.
Jackson
...
Jasper
7,812
4,362
10,884
.
al.
.
47,156
Area,
Jefferson
.
.13,848
Jones
3,313
1,829
..
Renville
Rice..
16,983
2.138
Sherburne.
6,720
Leake
Lincoln.
..
Lowndes
.
Madison.
.
...
.
15,955
.10,184
.30,502
.20,948
4,211
.29,416
15,869
tVadina
6
7,864
Washing'n 11,810
Watonwan.
2,426
Wilkin
296
.
Winona
22,318
Wright
.9,467
Total
436,611
miles.
square
Monroe.
.22,632
..
Neshoba
Smith
7,126
Sunflower
9,807
.20,905
.
13.462
Lee
11,561
11,042
2,050
...
Laudrrdale
Marion.
Marshall
St. Louis
Scott
Nominee
Lawrence
Traverse..
Wabashaw.
Waseca.
Newton
Kemper
Lafayette
2,878
.23,081
..
Redwood
.19,793
..
.
Itawamba
.
..
10,447
Stevens
Todd
Polk
Rock
Greene
21
93
12
2,845
2,093
Oscoda
Mower
Franklin
9,732
10,561
7,222
Houston
..
.40,867
..
Oceana
Hcnnepin. .31,566
Attala
...
Oakland
6,074
Marquette. 15,033
...
.
Amite
Bolivar
..
St.
Pope et
Ramsey
Goodhue.
7,298
.
.
.
.
Calhoun...
Carroll....
Chickasaw.
.27,616
..
Manitou
.
Alcor"
Monti
13,867
6,090
1,109
Monongalia 3,161
1 ,899
Morrison
92
Adams
1,716
.
.24,887 Martin
.10,583 Meeker.
.22,618 Mille Lac.
.
Kandiyohi 1.760
MISSISSIPPI."
14,774 Covington 4,753
..10,431 De Soto
Cky
.45,696
.
..
Iianti
Chippewa.. 1,467
Chisago... 4,358
Lenawee
McLeod
4579
Grant
Carver
4,816
L.quiParl.
.
6,369
Leelenaw..
Oktjbbeha
Tallahat'e
.
Tippah
Adair
Andrew
...15,137
Atchison... 8,440
Audrain
.12.307
10,373
Barry
Tishemingo
Panola
12,412
Tunica
Perry
2,694
11,303
Warren
Pike
Poiitotoc
6,358
..26,765
Washing'n. 14,569
.
Wayne
.......
Prentiss
9,347
12,977
...
Rankin
4,206
____
Will
Winston
Yalabusua.
Yazoo
8,984
13,254
...
Scott
Simpson
7,848
8,718
...
..
Barton
6,087
15,960
Benton
11,322
Bollinger 8,162
Cole
Cooper
Crawford.
.
.
......
Boone
.....
Daviess.
..
..
Dent
......
.30,350
Douglas
Butler
4,298
.11,390
Dunklin
.
...
.
Gasconade
Camden
Gentry
C. Girard'
ul7,558
17,446
19,296
.
14,929
.15,380
.24,649
N.
Madrid
Newton
..
7,982 Johnson
Nodaway.
8,683 Knox
10,974 Oregon
ego
9,380
8,383 Laclede
Osage
.14,410 Lafayette..22,623 Ozark
Pemiscot
13.067
9,858 Lawrence..
6,357
16,114 Perry
Pettis
14,073
3,916 Lincoln
15,900
6,982 Linn
Phelps
.30,098 Livingston 16,0-11
.'.23,230
.10,093 Macon
11,607 Madison
6,849
21,649 Maries
6,915
..22,504
.10,567 Marion
5,226
.14,635 McDonald
..
.....
....
...
,
.....
..
.
..
.
Carroll...
Jefferson
......
Franklin
Callaway .19,202
.6,108
Jasper
____
...
____
..
Harrison
.
.
Ste. Gen've
.351,189
21,672
7,987
Schuyler
Scotland. .10,676
Scott
7,317
Saline
.
.
.
......
Shannon..
.
.
Shi
Iby
Stodiiard
8,536
8,253
.11,908
..
Stone
Sullivan
Taney
12,445
4,714
11,217
Vernon.
Me.
Miller
Cedar
...
,
Chariton
.
Christian.
.19,135
6,707
Holt
,
Clark
13,667
.
HowHl
...
4,218
19
Bl'kBirJ..
11,335
Monroe...
Area,
31
Reynolds
Mississippi
..17,233
NEBRASK*.
Adams
Randolph
Ray
.
.....
11,652
......
Howard
.
,
..
10,510
Washin
Buffalo...
17.149
75,995
193
.'OS
18.700
.
.
.
St. Ch
.
3,766
3,175
21, 304
squ
mil^s.
Buit
2,817
2,339
10.119
..
4,407
.
9,618
.11,246
.9,673
11,719
6,068
10,434
.6,004
.
Warren
"
Carter
6,742
9,741
8,384
St. Louis
,
....
.....
Grundy
11,339
.12,821
.14,751
3,287
10,793
3,363
2,1)59
9.S77
18,706
10,506
23,076
17,330
...
Green
.
...
.....
Kalb.
Buchanan
Caldwell
Jackson.
square
...
,
20,765
Iron
14,063
10,292
20,692
,
Dallas
De
15,564
.
Dade
,
Bate
627,117
miles.
6,278
Montgom'y.10,405 St. Clair..
8,434 St. Francois
.55,041 Morgan
e7,38O
"Area,
Clinton
7,852
20,727
Total
MISSOURI
11,449 Clay
355
Roscommon
..
8,598
Freeborn
Brown
..
Area,
Cottonwood.
1,658 Douglas
Stone
130
Missaukee.
Monroe.
.27,483
Montcalm..
13,629
Macomb
9,049
.26,259
..
Dodge
80
648
21,346
26,66i
Presq. Isle.
Huron
Dakota
308
Bi-llr.rnc..
Lake
.3,285
Shiawasaee
Isabell
3,940
Keweenaw.
Midland
Nicosia
MINNESOTA."
Anoka
60,403
4,205
Oalego
Ottawa..
Mackinaw
losco
18
Kent
1,892
Holightou. 13,879
Ionia
Aiflten
Michil'nac
424
.
.
Schooli
196
22,846
Kalcosco
Newaygo.
Ingham
366
Mcnominee.
Muskegon'14,894
1 689
Clare
miles.
square
Livingston 19,336
11,810
.31,684
.
Calhoun
56,243
STATES.
Kalamazoo.32,054
Lapeer
Hillsdale
226
UNITED
Area,
Crawford
Allegan
THE
Wayne
.
..
Webster
Worth
.
Wriglit ..5,684
.
Total.
.
,711,796
1,
Butler
..
.
1,256
CENSUS
Cedar
1,032
100
Cheyenne.
64
Clay
Colfax
1,424
Coming
..1Z.M5
OF
TOE
UNITED
Gage....!!473
L'E.q.Cou't '261
Grant
Lincoln....
17
Lyon
78
484
Green
Hall
Hamilton..
Harrison..
Dixon
1.345
Jefferson...
2.446
Bodge
Bouglas
4,212
Johnson
3.429
Otoe
Bakota
2,040
Dawson...
1,057
130
Jackson....
103
1,133
...
631
9
'.'.
'l38 York
','.
Polk.
Richardson.
Saline
9,780
Sarpy
657
Saunders
235
geward
...
8
Shorter
Stanton
12,345
Taylor
7,593
..
Jones
.19,982
Fillmore...
238
Pawnee
.
NEVADA."
Carson
Churchill..
Area.
E.meralda.
Humboldt
196
Lyon
1.916
NJe
2,815
2,223
Ormshy
.27.265
14,932
Grafton
.
Bouglas... 1,215
Elko
Lander
Lincoln
3.447
112,090
1,553
.
.
Carroll
17,332
",uos
into
couu-
N.W.por-
197
lion of the
State
2
miles.
PahUto...
761
St.
Hoop
Storey
133
Washoe
Mary's.
White
11,359
.3,091
Pine
7,189
41,491
.
Area,
Ch-shire.
iirnnhrd
2,993
Total
NEW-HAMPSHIRE."
"eIkn"p...l7,"Xl
3,668
...
4547
1,637
square
1.837
1,087
...
14
Terrify (nn-
Washington 4,452
2,637
...
44
.Vinnebago
ties)in tiro
...
...
'.'.'.
604
I R.
Pawnee
3,106
2.913
...
Madison
Merrick...
Monroe....
Neraaha.
Nucolls...
....
Ill
STATES.
Hilisboro
.64,238
.
miles.
square
Stratford
42,151
Rockingh'm47,298 Sullivan
9.28O
.39.103
..
Merrimack
30.241
18.058
.
Total
318,300
NEW-JERSEY
Allanlic ...14.093
Area,
Cumberl'd.
Burlington.53.638
34,665
E*"-x
..143,845
Gloucester
21,562
Camden
Hudson
Bergen
...30,142
..46.038
Cape May
.
.129,068
.
.44.107
Morris
Mercer
46,386
Ocean
Middlesex
Monmouth.
46,196
Panaic.
Salem
Dutchess
.74,404
17K.G95
.
Erie
Essex
29,042
Area,
47.OOO
Livingston 38,310
square
Ouego
Madison
Monroe
Putnam
43.522
Franklin
.
Fultra
.
Genesee
..
Greene
...
.
.117,867
Cortland.
25.174
Kings
.42,973
MontgonTy.14.457 Rensselaer
New
York.922.S3l
Niagara
One
50.430
ida
2.960
I 10,009
.
Richmond
33.029
26.213
Rockland
Warren
Saratoga
8chenreta'y2I,347
419.92S
Orleans
.
Lewis
28,700
Orange
..
Oswego
Alexander
6,868
3.697
Alleghany
Ani-ui
....12,428
Aih.:
.9,573
Beaufort.. 13.054
Bertie
12.950
Blad"
12,831
.
..
Brunswick.
7,754
Chowan
61.629
Scboharie.
Schuyler
.33.340
18,889
..
Seneca
27,826
Harriett
Cumberl'd
Hertford
.
...
Burke
15.412
9,777
Cabarras..
11,964
Wane
Davidson
Dane
Duplin
Edgecombe
Fonyth
....
Cal 1" HI
.
Camden
...
Carteret
...
8,476
5,381
9,610
Caswell
...16.081
Catawba
..10.984
..19.7*3
Chatham
Cherokee..
8,080
.
Franklin
.14,134
Gallon
12.602
Gates
7,724
Granrille
.24,831
Greene
8,687
Total
20,750
.
Allen
23.623
Ashland
21,933
Ashtabula
32.518
Athens
21,872
Auglaiie .20,040
Belmont
..39.715
Brown
30,803
39,912
.14.491
.
"
Guilford.
.
Halifax
..
...
Hay
.21.736
.20,407
8.895
wood
7,921
..
Henderson
7.706
9.273
6,445
16,931
.6,683
.14.158
6,003
Hyde...
Iredell
...
Jackson.
Johnson
..
Jones
Lenoir
10,434
Lincoln
Macon
Madison
Ulster
84,075
.
34,296
.21.915
Clinton
...
Columbi'na
38,299
Coshoelon
23.600
Crawford.
.25,556
Cuyahoga. 132,013
Warke
32.131
Defiance
16.719
Drlaware
25.175
McDowell
.
Wes'lche'r132,228
39.162
Wyoming
Yates
19.5S6
2N.IM8
39.984
Franklin
FairAeld.
32,070
Fayelte ...17,170
.
.31.139
Moore
12,040
Nash
11,077
4,706
...
Montgom'y. 7.487
Rowan
.
Stokes
11,208
N.Hanover.27,978
Surry
11,253
Northam'n.
Transyl.'a. 3,536
",171
Tyrrel
14.749
7,669
Onslow
...
17,507
Orange
Pasquolank 8,131
Perquim's 7,946
Person
11,170
Union
Pitt
17,276
4,119
6,615
Randolph
17.558
12,883
13.251
Richmond
8,192
Hobeson
9.647
7..V.I2 Rockingh'mlS^lO
13,118
35,617
17.768
Wake
Warren
...
.
Polk
Fulton
square
63.019
...17.789
Washing's). 6,616
6,287
Walauga.
.
Wayne.
.18.144
16,53*
..
WUkes
...
12,268
10,697
Wilson
Yadkin
Yancey
5,909
....
miles.
..15.633
Hocking.. .17.925 Madison
H..IIII-S
.18,178 Mahoning .31.001
...
Gallia
Huron
....25,546
.13.069
Geauja
Jackson
Greene
Jefferson
...
Guernsey
Hamilton
Hancock
.
Hardin
Harrison
Henry
28.062
23,798
260,370
33,847
18,714
18.682
14.028
Highland .21,101
.
38.532
21.769
.39,188
16,331
..
.
..
24,188
milea.
1,065,505
...
Erie
.22.591
.
16.811
Rnlherford.l3.l3l
Sampson .16,416
Slaniy
8,115
Mitchell
..
Area,
Clrnnont
...
Martin
square
Mecklrn'g .24.299
9,673
Lillington
.
OHIO.Adams
17.035
6,131
2,728
.17.256
9,620
15.542
22,970
13,050
.
.
Buncombe
60.7O4
6,450
2.463
Clay
Cleveland. .12,696
Columbus.
8,474
Craren
20,516
...
Currituck
30,573
33.180
Tompkins
4,364,411
NORTH-CAROLINA.-Area,
.11,874
46,960
.34,646
..
Wa.hingtpn49,570
47,711
Wayne
Onondaga.104,144
45,108
80.901
.27,689
77,942
67.717
.
...
Warren
Ontario.
..
Stenben
Suffolk
Total
Alamance.
.34,348
..
S.Lawrenci*l,825
39.932
.65,415
..
Columbia.
Delaware.
Union
.73.804 Sulliian
95,660
Tioga
..
27,064
.31,608
.31,832
Hamilton
Herkimer
JetTrrson
Queens.
.30,271
.
48,028
47,044
Clinton
23,510
23.168
41,865
miles.
48.969
15,420
...
..
..
Cataraugus43.9"l9
.69,549
Cayuga
Chatauqua 59,328
.35,281
Chemung
Chenango. .40,583
..
Somerset
Sussex
906,794
NEW-YORK...
Iroome
miles.
43,137
13,630
.46,416
23,940
square
36,963
Total
8,349
Albany
.133,052
Allegany ..40,814
3.320
Hunterdon.
.
Knox
Lake
16,935
Lawrence
Licking
..
Logan
Loraine
.
Lucas
31,380
.36,131
J3.0M
.10.101
4".7SI
Marion.
Medina...
.16,184
..
20.091
11.466
Meigs
Mercer
...
Miami
.
Monroe
17.264
32,740
36,780
Monlgora'y."3,8"7
.20.161
Morgan.
Morrow
.
...
11,681
Mntkinsr.m44.8g
112
CENSUS
Noble
19,949
Portage
Ottawa
13,255
Preble
8,644
18,453
Putnam
24.875
Ross
Paulding
Perry
Pickaway
..
Pike
THE
UNITED
Scioto
29,802
30,828
Tuscaraw's
20,748
52,508
Van
OF
.24,677
..
..
Richland
.
21,809
.17,083
.32,616
..37,097
Seneca
Shelby
Stark
Summit.
STATES.
Union
..
Wert
.34,674
4,584
Curry
1,644
6,993
Douglas
Clackamas.
Clatsop
1.2S4
Jackson
Beaton
COM
604
...
Grant
Lane
6,066
Linn
2,251
4.778
Marian
Multnomah
PENNSYLVANIA.-Area,
Adams
30,316
Chester
..77,806
26,960
Allegheny.262,373 Clarion
Clearfielcl
Armstrong. 43,382
26,740
Bearer
Clinton
36,150
.23,211
Bedford
.29,635 Columbia
.28,766
Williams
16,027
26,690
.
..
6,426
Tillamook
8,717
9,966
Umatffia.
.20,991
24,696
.
Wood
Wyandotte.18
408
Union
2,662
Wasco
2,609
4,261
.
Umpqu.
Washing'n.
2,916
..
.45,365
Fulton
9,360
Greene
25,887
Huntington 30,995
Indiana
.36,139
Jefferson
.21,656
Yam
Hill.
5,012
90,922
.
Total
46,000
Franklin
miles.
square
McKean.
8,825
Snyder
Mercer
49,979
Somerset
Mifflin
17,508
Sullivan
.
664
2,662,214
miles.
4,700
J
...
.35,082
..
Total
11,510
...
.15,824
Warren
15,441
Baker
Wayne
Vinlou
.38,669
Sandusly .25,504 Trumbuil.
Are
OREGON."
i, 102,606
square
863
2,804
Columbia..
Josephine.. 1,204 Polk
Washinj'n. 40,609
33.810
.18,730
..
...16,607
.28,228
.
..6,191
Monroe
.18,362 Susqueh'na 37,624
35,100
Montgom'y.81,772 Tioga
Berks
Crawford
Montour.
106,739
.63,794
.18,324 Union
15,666
Blair
Cumberl'd
Northam'n.
Junitta.
38,051
43,912
.17,390
61,433 Venango.. .47,935
Bradford
.53,204
.23,897
Dauphin. .60,738 Lancaster. 121,340 r.'orthum'd.41,449 Warren
!39,403 Lawrence.
Bucks
Delaware.
25.486
64.346
27,298
Perry
Washing'n. 48,483
Butler
Elk
36,610
8,488 Lebanon.
.34,096 Philadel'a.674,022
Wayne
33,188
Cambria...
8,436 Westraor'd. 68,720
36,569 Erie
66,972 Lehigh
66,798 Pike
Cameron
11,265 Wyoming
4,273 Fayette
.43,284 Luzerne
.160,737 Potter
.14,586
Carbon
109,869 York
76,216
28,144 Forest
4,010 Lycoming .47,629 Schuylkill.
Centre
Total
34,404
3,499,248
RHODE
miles.
ISLAND."
1,306
Area,
square
Brutal
.20,050
Providen'el49,193
Washing'n. 20,097
9,421 Kent
18,595 Newport
Total
217,366
SOUTH-CAROLINA."
miles.
Area,
29,385 square
Richland
Greenville
.13,727
Abberille..31,129 Clarendon
.20,015 Marion
Marlboro
Anderson
10,721
.11,814 Spartanb'g.25,784
.24,049 Colleton
.34,014 Horry
Kershaw
Barnwell
Sumter.
17.983
.25,268
.11,754 Newberry
9,298
.36,844 Columbia
Oconee
Beaufort
12.087
10,536 Union
..40,511 Darlinston 22,391 Lancaster
19,248
Charleston
..22,536
Williams'g.15,489
Orangeb'g
Edgefield .42,486 Laurens
Pickens.
Chester
10,269 York
J2.448
...18,806 Fairneld
Lexington
Chesterfi'd.
Georgetownl6,161
miles.
TENNESSEE."
Area, 45.600
square
Marion
Henderson
6,.SBtt
Anderson..
.11,425
14,219
8,704 De Kalb.
Sequatchie 2.335
Kevier
Marshall..
Bedford
Dickson
20,382
16.S07
11,028
24,334
.9,940
Henry
Hickman
13.706
Benton..
36,286
76,378
9,856 Maury
.8,234
Shelby
Dyer
Bledsoe
15,994
4,511 Smith
4,870 Fayette
.26,865 Humphrey. 9,326
Meig,
Stewart
Monroe.
Blount.
Jackson
.12,589
.4,717
.12,586
.12,019
...14,237 Fentress
Sulliran
.19,476 Montgom'y. 24.708
.13,136
.14,970 Jefferson
Bradley ...11,662 Franklin
6,862 Morgan
2,969 Sumner
.23,711
7,445 Gibson
25,670 Johnson
Campbell
15,608 Tipton
Cannon
28,994 Obion
14,884
10,602 Giles
32,413 Knox
Lake
Orerton
7,605
Carroll
12,461
2,428
10,989 Union
19,447 Grainger
V "n Buren.
Lauderdale
'Carter
6.926
21,668
10,838
S.725
Perry
7,909 Greene
Warren
Lawrence.
Cheatham
7,369
3,251
7,600 Polk
12,716
6,678 Grundy
..
..
.
...
..
.
..
.
.
.
.
..
.
..
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
...
...
.
.
.
..
...
..
..
.
.
.
.
Claiborne
Cocke
.
Coffee
Cumberl'd.
12,468
10,237
Hardeman
.62,898
.
Decatur...
.
.
7,776
.
.17,341
7.148
17,769
11,770
.15,848
.25,095
Lewis
.
.
.
Lincoln
Hardin
Hawkins
.
.
McMinn
McNairy
.
Macon
6,633
Madison.
.
.23,550
Putnam
8,698
...
Rhea
4,854
15,623
Roane
Robertson
.16,166
Rutherford. 33.2S9
4,054
Scott
"
Archer
..
White
9.228
Williamson
Atacosa
.
Austin
Wilson
...
Bander*
649
Dallas
Freestone.
Hidalgo
Caldwell
Daris
Frio
Hill
Calhoun
Dawnon
Galreston.
.
Cas"
Bee
Chambers
.10,999
1,603
.
..
Beiar
Witt
6,443
Dimmitt
Hunt
Eastland
Grimes
Jackson
Guadalupe
Jasper
Hamilton
Jefferson
El Paso
Hardeman
Johnson
Ensinal
Erath
Hardin
1 ,460
Harris
17,375
Falls
Harrison
Collin
8,326
...5,283
.
Comal
Comanche
694
...
Bowie
..
Houston
Connies
.
Clay
Colorado
7,453
Hopkins
3,628
Jack
Ellis
7,528
Goliad
2,387
...
Hood
Grayson
Edwards
Bosque
,15,'^H)
Dtival
Coleman
.
7,114
Cherokee
Callahan
Dis
866
.
Blanco
Krazos
.
Gillespie
Denton
De
...
1,082
Henderson
Fort
Burnett
..
Brazoria
Bend
Coryell
Bayler
Bexar
!! Fayette ...'.'!!!!
4,088
Hays. ..'.'.'.
Buchanan'.!! !! Cook..!!
Burleson
Cameron
Bastron
Bell
miles.
square
..
...15,087
25,352
.25,884
1,257,983
237,504
Area,
..
..
..
Washing'n 16,318
10,209
Wayne
.20,755
Weakly
Total
TEXAS."
.
.
.
1.986
28,051
..13.969
.12,726
.
Haywood
.
.
...
Hamilton
Hancock..
9,321
3,461
Davidson
..
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
7,514
..
Jones
Karnes
Kaufman
1,278
4,118
1,906
114
CENSUS
OF
THE
Washing'!!. 24,320
Wauparca. 15,540
\Yi.ul,r,,lN".VX.2X2
Total
DISTRICT
1,386
Bjo.-getownl
OF
UNITED
Waushara
STATES.
WinnebaKo 37,280
11,279
COLLTMBIA.-Area,
Washin'n.
Bal.
109,204
Uisf
60
Wood
3,912
1,065,167
miles.
square
Total
..11,117
131,706
TERRITORIES.
AKIZONA."
Moliovo...
179
Area.
Pima
8,716
COLORADO.Arapahoe.. 6,829
Costilla
Beat
Douglas
592
Builder
.
Clear
Crei-k
Conejos
1.939
"1 Paso
1,596
2,604
Fremont.
1,779
1,388
...
Brooking;
Lake
522
Puebla
Larimer...
838
Sagnarhe.
610
..
31),70S
Area,
50,932
Lincoln
712
Todd
37
Minnehaha.
355
Union
3,507
portion
246
Hutchinson.
37
Pembina
Yankton
2,097
Terrify
2,621
Jayne
Area.
Boise
3,833
Idaho
849
722
Horn..
38
Choutcau..
Deer
Nez
177
Jefferson
8,864
Mora
1,143
1,740
Bio
7,569
1,992
Grant
Bearer
Elder.
Box
2,007
GJtS'tLakel8,337
4,812
Green
Cache
8,272
Iron
Lincoln
UTAH."
4.459
Davis
401
Area,
Ana
Morgan
Juab
Rich
Kane
1.513
Rio
miles.
"Cl'k5,04l
Madison
2,684
14,998
Meagher
1,387"
.
.
Missoula
2,664
20,594
...
Fe
9,294
San
2,599
Socorro
..
Miguel
Senir
Summit
Tooele
SuwamUh
Pacific
738
Stevens
Kitsap
866
Pierce
12,079
Valencia
9,093
..
Total
91,789
Utah
12,203
599
734
Wasatch
1,244
3,064
..
Washing'n
Weber
7,868
86,786
Total
Walla
Wla
6,300
Whatcom
634
.
Klikitat...
329
Spokane
Lewis
888
Skamania
1,368
Total
Laramie.
WYOMING."
Cities Haying
2,177
miles.
.
626
Carbon
2,512
square
289
King
19
...
Mason
.
Taos
..
1,268
2,120
Jefferson
9,699
16,058
6,603
miles.
square
Sampeto
6,786
1 ,972 Shambip
2,763
...
miles.
square
Santa
1,956
730
Area,
1,409
Thurston
..
2,246
Yakima
270
TheDis.
Wahkiak'm
97,883
2,957
432
.
square
.
824
Il's
Total
133
..
23,901
miles.
Sweetwater
1,916
Unitah
856
1
Ten
over
Census
Thousand
of
9,118
Inhabitants.
187O.
Louisville,Ky .100,764 C"mbri"re,Mass.39,634
Mas"26,703
Springfield,
Cleveland, O
.92,846 Hartford, Ct
37,180 Nashville,Tenn. 26,872
86,236
36,665
26,787
Pittsburs, Pa.
Peoria, 111
Indianapolis.Ind.
.35,093 Covington,Ky. .24,605
JerseyC'y.N.J.. 81,744 Scranton, Pa
..
7J2
.
.
Total
...
Virgin. 450
69,994
Island
2,021
Shonhone
1,713
...
Lewis
8,056
Piute
Cowlitz
Albany
2,091
square
121,201
84,476
4,369
2,038
.
3,081
..
Millard
Riv'r
.
408
Owyhee
1,679
1,831
Arriba.
Santa
WASHINGTON.-Area,
Chehalis
143,776
Area,
Ana.
.
Cedar
of
Total
Dona
Colfax
Oneida
1,607
...
NEW-MEXICO."
Bernalillo..
Perces
miles.
1,922
square
988
Gallatin
Lodge 4,364
617
Arizona
Unorganized
14,181
86,294
.
.
1,213
.
Lemhi
Area,
Dawson
.
Clarke
337
Total
6
MONTANA."
Clallam
miles.
square
Deuel
689
H'd
1,478
Total
IDAHO."
Alturas
288
\VtM
Clay
162
.
447
804
.
Summit
163
2,675
Big
Park
2,268
608
Chas.Mix.
Beaver
4,276
La.iAnima"
2,250
2,390
Jefferson
.
Ada
9,688
....
miles.
square
.
Buftab
Total
1,621
.
Greenwood.
.
1,064
.
Gilpin ...5,490
...
..
Yuma
104,500
Huerfano.
987
miles.
square
.2,142
Area,
DAKOTA."
BonHomme
113.916
Yavapaj
.
..
.
..
St.
Paul, Minn
Erie, Pa
Wkerlini;, W.V
Norfolk, Va
.
20,
.
19,
19,
19,
CENSUS
Taunton,
Man.
Chelsea,Mass
Dubuque la
LeatenWth.Kar
Pt. Wayne, Iml
111.
Springfield,
.
OF
Alabama
California
Connecticut
8,404
7,849
Atlanta, Ga
ft.
Norwirn,
Cal.
Sacramento,
7,718
5
537,418
Delawa
125.015
187.756
1,200,609
Florida
Georgia
Y.
Auburn,
996.961
483.179
660,286
Arkansas
N
8,629
8,547
Newburg.
Illinois
N.Y..
Omaha,
Y
Hudson.
15.863
Coboes, N. Y... 15,367
N Brun.w'k.Me.15.059
N. Albany, Ind .14,273
484
United
N.
States"
1870.
8. Carolina
42,491
Hampshire
New. Jersey.
N.
318.300
905,794
.
N.
797,600
330.552
Ohio
626,463
Oregon
Montana
.
Ve"
.
MUM
.
Menro
91.852
86,786
13,901
Utah
...
Virginia ..1,224,830
Wat-Virginia 446.616
Washington.
Wyoming
Wisconsin
.1.066.167
Tot'l Slates 38,092.741
Tolal
Territo-
Total
Vailed
.
TERRITORIES.
Stairs
38.535.241
..Total
2,659.214
90,922
9,118
.
ries).
442,500
.
York
.4,364,411
Carolina.. 1.069,614
732.731
14,181
I l."..x
..1,267,983
Teias
123.000
S9.706
.
1,715,000
Nebraska
12.241
7X8,000
.
436,511
Mississippi...834,170
12,862
By States.
Tennessee
.
H
Schenec'y,N. Y. 11.026
Ogdensb'g, N.Y. 10,076
Minnesota...
.
14.135
Y.
BinghanVn.N
Concord, N.
Pennsjlvania.3,515,993
Rhode'hland
217,366
.
Y
N
Newbury't,Maa"U,695
780.894
Maryland
MasamchuMtt3l.467.351
1,184.296
Michigan
New-
1,321,001
Loekport, N. Y 15,458
15,387
Gloucester.Maas.
083
Nevada
362.872
Elmira,
014
653
115
STATES.
225
986
Neb
.
1,673,046
1,191,802
UNITED
.
of the
Census
THE
38,977,741
taking out of a patent in a foreigncountry does not
here, nor does it
prejudice a patent previouslyobtained
prevent obtaining a patent here subsequently,unless the
into public Use in the
shall have been introduced
invention
States for more
than two yean
United
prior to the application
that the patent shall expire at the same
; and provided,
THE
time
with
the
at
in
but
the
time
same
no
foreignpatent, or,
with
shall
case
the
one
if there
be
having
the
in force
it be
than
more
shortest
than
more
one,
term
;
seventeen
years.
When
application is made for a patent for an invention
which has been alreadypatented abroad, the inventor will
oath that,accordingto the best of his
he required to make
has not been in public use
knowledge and belief,the same
ia the
States for
United
in
application
should
state
the
invention
fact that
a
one
years
having
has
prior to
the
patentedabroad,
been
foreignpatent
obtained, giving its date, and
the
two
this country.
applicant whose
An
than
more
if there be
has
more
actuallybeen
than
one,
of
the shortest term.
engines and boilers develop a horse-powerper
hour by the consumption of two
pounds of coal. But this
three
is better than the average
pounds of coal per
; and
result.
common,
horse-power, per hour, is .1 more
THE
best
116
DRAWINGS
DRAWINGS
PATENT-OFFICE.
THE
FOK
THE
FOR
PATENT-OFFICE.
in
rules of the Patent-Office
THE
respect
to
drawings are
stringent.
The
followingrules
The
paper
with
paper,
smooth
be executed
must
the
a
thin
be
must
shading,lines
:
board
or
thick
drawing-
The
surface.
outlines
deep black lines,to give distinctness
print. Pale, ashy
In
Bristol
calendered
or
in
observed
be
must
dispensedwith.
tints must
be
black
should
of
ink
to
be
used, and
sucli
Brush
sharp, and not crowded.
will not be permitted.
shadingsor shadows
in the drawing,
be avoided
All colors,except black,must
lines should
be distinct and
and
lettering,
signatures
;
purple inks
violet and
must
not
used.
be
No
or
agent's,attorney's,
whole
in part, within
or
other
the
of gum
shellac
GLUES.
parts, caoutchouc
three
the
Dissolve
part, by weight.
one
placed,in
be
must
margin.
LIQUID
TAKE
stamp
ber)
(Indiarub-
caoutchouc
and
separate vessels,in ether free from
two
alcohol,applying
mix
the
When
a gentleheat.
thoroughly dissolved,
solutions,and keep in a bottle tightlystoppered.
This
glue
is called
both
hot and
shellac,m
marine
glue,and
resists the
action
of
cold,and most of the acids and alkalies.
Pieces of wood, leather,or other substances,joined together
by it,will part at any other point than the jointthus made.
If the glue be thinned by the admixture
of ether, and applied
where
it is sewed
to leather,along the seams
as
a varnish
water
together,it
almost
renders
the
joint or
water-tight,and
seam
impossible to separate.
COPYING-INK
TAKE
two
of gum
gallonsof rain-water,and
put into it J pound
ras,
sugar, -J pound clean coppe-
arabic,J pound brown
" pound powdered nut-galls. Mix
for ten days, and strain.
If needed
in
an
iron
and
shake
sooner,
kettle until the strength is obtained.
ally
occasionlet it
steep
INSPECTION
OP
THE
ABOUT
THE
of
filing
make, use,
only by those
to
caveat
and
sell
does
when
when
a
does
an
obtain
not
117
WELLS.
exclusive
an
Such
patents. See
is filed.
caveat
secure
invention.
examine
not
OF
CAVEATS.
a
who
BOTTOMS
right
rightis secured
tent-Off
The Pation
novelty of the invenexamination
is onlymade
8.
page
into the
Such
patent is applied for.
a
INSPECTION
OF
SUFFICIENT
earth
at
the
shaft
by
means
be under
them
arrange
light to
bottom
of
an
BOTTOMS
enable any
of a well can
will,by
in the
standard
to
one
a
little
see
experimenting,soon
for
the
nious
inge-
be able to
rightpositions.
FOR
gas-pipesis
Threads
to
inch.
the
Diameter
inside.
"WELLS.
the water or
be directed down
the
If the well
ordinary looking-glass.
SCREW-THREADS
THE
OF
glasseswill be required,and
two
cover,
reader
THE
27
18
18
14
as
GAS-PIPES.
follows:
Diameter
Threads
inside.
1
the
to
inch.
\\%
14
For
all diameters
above
this,eightthreads
per
inch is the
standard.
cause
immeasurably difficult to refute false doctrines,bethey rest on convictions that error is truth. lAebig.
IT is
"
AN
undergraduate at Cambridge, who
found
"
among
the
Why will not a
questions on his examination
paper this :
pin stand upon his point ?" elaboratelyexplained the point
less is
thus:
1. A
pin will not stand on its head, much
it possible that it should
stand on its point. 2. A ooint,
has no
parts and no
according to Euclid, is that which
has no
that which
stand
not
on
magnitude. A pin can
parts and no magnitude, and therefore a pin can not stand
its point. 3. It will if you stick it in.
on
118
EARN
WHAT
YOU
SPEND.
I
MUST
sign the patent papers in the country where
residence
I happen to
is,or can I sign them wherever
when
I desire to apply for the patent ?
You
Answer.
can
sign them wherever you happen to
The
affidavit may
Commissioner
of
be
foreigncountry,
A
prior
invention
or
the
oath
not
prior to
the patent is
sooner
EARN
of
use, and
fact that
the
any
before
most
Minister.
or
for any
of his
use
patent. All persons
sell any article,
process,
YOU
Therefore,
SPEND.
miseries of
wealth
want
Notary
a
grant of the patent.
applied for the better.
WHAT
Peace,
his
fourths of the difficultiesand
THREE
from
the
made
damages
issue
be.
thorized
auperson
the applicant is in a
States Consul
recover
the
to
be
must
rightfreelyto make,
a
Justice of the
a
When
oaths.
United
a
can
invention
have
the
before
PATENTEE
before
Deeds, Notary Public, or
administer
to
Public, or
made
my
be
without
come
men
earning it,
deserving it,popularity without temperance,
virtue, and
happiness without holiness.
respect without
fame
without
who
The
man
just
what
they
denial,will
last.
snubbed
no
It is the
men
and
the
nor
things,and
is
willingto
effort and
worth, by honest
in gettingwhat he
difficulty
are
have
Happiness can
by
the best
wants
who
goods
want
on
hard
wants
credit
that
pay
selfat
are
in the e*nd.
disappointed,and overwhelmed
be bought by the bottle,nor
caught up
not
excursion-train,nor
put
on
with
any
robe
or
jewels,
tion,
exist in any exhilaraIt does not
at any feast.
eaten
the use
ol
from
excitement, or ownership, but comes
the faculties of
body
and
mind.
that flows off the lane
Surface water
UNDERDRAWING.
instead of passing through the soil,carries with it whatever
from
it
matter
contain, and abstracts some
fertilizing
"
the earth.
waste
may
If it pass down
is arrested.
through
the soil to
drain, tbr
NEW-YORK
NEW-TOKK
THERE
inventors
and
WASHINGTON.
AND
perhaps no
are
patentees
two
are
119
WASHINGTON.
AXD
cities in this country
to
which
frequentlycalled,in
more
the
of business,than
and Washington.
New- York
For
the convenience
of our
inventive
friends,we subjoin a list
of the principalobjectsand placesof interest,
which they
course
should
endeavor
Inventors
or
will
always
Washington ;
knocking.
to
We
and
see
be welcome
we
shall be
(See page
whenever
they visit
hope they will
happy to give
Navy
Navy
Aqueduct.
Bull
Run.
Congressional Cemetery.
Capitol and Grounds.
Georgetown Heights.
General
Post-Office.
Government
Insane
Asylum.
Government
Green-Houses.
Jackson's
Statue.
Long
Bridge.
Mount
Vernon.
Music.
of
Design.
Academy
Asylum "forthe Blind.
Astor
Library.
of
Atlantic
Docks.
Battery.
walk
them
Office.
Institute.
Smithsonian
Soldier's Home.
Treasury Department.
War
Department
Washington Monument
Washington's
Cemetery.
High Bridge.
Greenwood
Hoboken.
Navy
Yard.
Post-Office.
Scientific American
Croton
United
Fort
Fort
Lafayette.
Governor's
Island.
Statues.
INTEREST.
OF
Tombs.
Dry
and Gardens.
Patent Office.
Scientific American
Staten
Dock.
Hamilton.
tion.
informa-
Department.
City Hall.
Cooper Institute.
Reservoir.
without
Observatory
Central
Island.
Park.
York
Yard.
Blackwell's
House.
any
"
INTEREST.
Sub- Treasury.
South Street.
Bible
in
Potomac
Falls.
Presidential Mansion
NEW-YORK.-PLACES
Academy
"
OP
National
Va.
of
offices in New-
at our
PLACES
Arsenal.
Battle-Fields
place.
13.)
WASHINGTON."
Alexandria,
either
Office.
Island.
Trinity Church.
States
Washington
Custom
Monument.
Worth
Monument.
Wall
Street
Market.
Washington
House.
University
SOUTHERN
405
California
of
REGIONAL
Avenue,
Hilgard
Return
from
this
which
iB
LIBRARY
Los
it
CA
Angeles,
material
to
was
FACILITY
the
borrowed.
90024-1388
library
A
000
844
482
o