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TREATISE
A
THE
ON
Being
a
instructions
delineation,with
true
a
TAKEN
foal to the
period
of sixteen
ACTUAL
FROM
AT
years
age, from
;
DISSECTIONS,
THE
COLLEGE
YBTERINART
to tell his
how
LONDON
OF
:
ALSO,
AN
ON
CONTRACTION
FOUNDER,
Showing
these
how
three
ESSAY,
thousands
of horses
diseases,before
in
United
the
States,
arrived
they have
THRUSH
RUNNING
AND
at
are
annually destroyed by
third the
one
;
natural
period
of
life.
ALSO,
THE
CAUSES,
HOT
AND
BEST
COLD
PRI;NCIPI.E
BT
MODE
INTO
INTRODUCED
BATH,
THE
AND
TREATMENT,
OF
BT
CURE
THIS
COUNTBT
THE
USE
ON
OF
A
THE
NEW
AUTHOR.
P"1^^
Br
J
Veterinary surgeon,
JAMES
professorof
the London
animal
CARVER,
medicines, and
Veterinary Medical
PIIILADELPHM
PUBLISHED
FOR
NO,
THE
74,
BY
SECOND
MBRBITT,
Society.
:
AUTHOR
SOUTH
correspondingmember
PRINTED,
"TsisT"
UTTELL
STREET.
8c HENRY,
of
PREFACE
Utility of
THE
is
art,
manifested
although
the
to
more
any
to
horses,
of
ages
that
say,
proved
that
be
actual
by
have
any
I
ani/
am
of
sorry
them,
have
they
have
what
experiment
on
gine
ima-
would
person
if
and,
;
M^ritten
been
superfluous,
few,
very
ry
veterina-
daily experience
by
treatises
many
so
the
of
knowledge
a
asserted.
Every
for
treatise, which
live
and
that
serted
whether
from
of
is
colt
anatomy^
here
actual
London,
delineated
dissection
under
the
has
birth,
at
is
to
now
to
in this
at
eye
boldly
the
of
be
as-
teeth,
for
for
or
hands
my
without
originated
incontrovertible
too
as
of
past,
foaled
has
error
into
fallen
years
investigation
knowledge
ages
a
this
further
facts
thirty
has
be
of
want
of
want
proved
doubted
treatise
but
veterinary
professor
from
;
being
a
tbe
taken
college
Coleman.
When
the
at
I had
been
India
studies
professional
my
to
the
parts of the
still
were
worthy
my
the
best
them.
the
following day,
to
way
this request, he invited
the
dissectingroom,
the request
you
you
made
you
entertained
he
**I
will
doubt
but here, in
j"erience,
this room,
and
investigation
;
and
research,every
doubt
them."
attend
success
taken
from
sir, answer
now
doubts
of horses
age
of
deal
is the
be
to
;
ex-
school
removed
work, and
the
of the age
dissection
actual
the
me
of
by industry,labour
may
delineations
true
to
may
;
Profitingtherefore,by
hint, I sedulouslywent
platesare
where
into
him
with
great
a
made
having
respectingthe
me,
truth
removing
made
respectingthe
no
possess
after
walk
to
where
following observation,
induced
about
go
me
peared
ap-
preceptor, professor
Coleman,
On
horses, which
of
age
world
mena
pheno-
some
extremely doubtful, which
me
consult
to
other
and
great, there
very
respecting
me
on
college of London, although my
veterinary
experience in
had
entered
at
following
of
the
this
a
horse,
veterinary
college.
Whether
been
these
overcome,
slackened
the
by
obstacles
a
courage
proper
of
which
might
have
have
investigation,
those
persons
entrust-
with
ed
the
whether
with
meet
to
this
Many
a
they
that experiencealone
asserting
I
am
the most
the
to
sorry
of
number
of
say,
it,we
A
name.
man
that
as
facts^ is
direction
and
see
being the
discovers
the
knowledge
difficult to be
of
of every
the
create
day, the
assuming
the
wiser
great
for it ;
what
the
sight,will
;
unconnected
many
under
the
it ought
practitioners,
to
surprise,
destruction
title and
rinary surgeons*
A
a
observations
acquired,even
ablest
no
of
than
own
his
to
but
boast
more
no
any other than frivolous
therefore to
men
indeed
with
;
who
those
perceivesnothing but
difference of colour
and
meet
horses, without
make
continually
are
sufficient,
is
among
often
may
because, w^hoever
never
provemen
im-
of further
experienceis of great service
I allow, that
the
of
susceptible
capable
in consequence,
not
that
think
horse, is neither
particularstudy, nor
;
the
been
confidence.
proper
in this country
of the
we
certain,that it has
it is
obtained
people
knowledge
any
day
where, have
every
of this error,
cause
even
ahuost
whom
self-opiniated
men,
of
crowd
a
preservationof horses,or
and
care
2
see
in the practice
of thousands,
knowledge
by
of vete^
the
Before
of
a
where
theory
this
Whenever
barbers
The
same
Practice
to
use
so
;
you
whereas,
every
A
of
is the
and
of innumerable
sight of which,
his
blind
characteristic
long study
own
of further
art
can
hardly
science
and
of
that
farriery.
The
*'
so
familiar
meet
with
has
he
a
ceeded
suc-
upon
sably
indispen-
boundless
ignorance
fresh
presum;
the
to
a
fruits
very
disco-
at the
difficulties,
very
merit, redoubles
his
knowledge."
of
be
must
diligentman,
a
of limbs.
is founded
application,amount
and
most
al-
an
expression,
flatter himself
not
to
that
perfection. But,
ensure
principles,consequently theory
tion
state
same
joined
vulgarly thought
that
necessary.
ness
busi-
attained, when
the
to
author's
it is
does
of
construction
the
never
common,
who
man
can
of
had
applied
celebrated
a
knowledge
and
be
alone
in the
practice was
ignorance of
may
nearly
surgery
time, considerable
total
branch
general practitioners.At
the
were
that
happens,
perfection,that
of
often
too
entirelyunknown.
was
considered
be
may
the form
assumed
practiceof farriery,was
the
science,
attempted
had
veterinaryart
far from
efforts,in
rating
over-
suit
pur-
in respect
As
than
frequent
more
of
years
the
how
show
errors
six
for
thirteen
seven
fourteen
old
these
;
it would
gentleman
important
is
(as they
or
years
conducive
every
this
on
judges
even
of
or
highly
public good,
rules
see,
horses
for
age,
hor'ses, nothing
ef
ages
to
take
themselves)
call
the
to
be
have
to
branch
of
to
tablished
es-
rinary
vete-
science.
In
in
this
treatise, I know
opinion
horses
the
inform
to
wish
the
attempting
deemed
any
to
the
way
will, if candidly
it will
approbation
whenever
render
I
if
but
that
a
And
:
not
of
to
art
describe
likely
to
the
and
and
I
which
illustrate.
in
(as I hope
judiciously
receiving
beg
motive
perfect,
more
useful
good
so,
recommended
be
greatly
other
no
and
examined
of
differ
I do
I have
principles
fail
I shall
respectable
reader,
than
am
various
from
of
judges
that
the
it be
they
sed)
practi-
support
and
public.
J.
C.
Y.
S.
OBSERVATIONS
VETERINARY
Olf
their
of
days after,
in
four
tusks
twelve,
and
first
the
are
those
eye
;
the
through
three
years
or
judged
; and
the
glutinous
gi"ay
their
is about
colt
appearance
under
colt's
the
two
of
number
the
immediately
succeed
AGE
by
of
shortness
eye-pit, the
gray,
few
them,
teeth, which
years
and
a
old.
THE
be
of
make
find
when
are
length
a
a
the
grinders;
or
having
are
which
we
that
same
May
or
nippers
or
but
nippers,
or
number,
the
or
molares
gatherers
cumstance
cir-
dissecting
foaled,
of
only.
gatherers
to
it is
part
which
uterus,
on
find the
we
other
every
in the
perfectly formed,
consistence
half
time
at that
as
time
the
front, termed
those
The
origin
foetus, about
a
well
as
ascertained
be
may
jaws
eolt,
a
take
animal,
the
of
teeth
HORSES.
OF
AGE
THE
THE
horse
particularlyon
OF
several
the
HORSES
particulars, such
tusks
turning
their
head.
;
the
deepness
white, and
the
as
of
the
the
black
9
"Some
far, as
so
able
he
lived
to
judge
with
years
of
the
trouble
bat
reject them
characters
taken
making
I
pi*actice,
their
upon
tusk
its groove,
loses
hair
the
attend
teeth
to
things, I
however,
mares,
in every
in India, have
have
mares
tusks
reckoned
are
the
as
well
to
give a general
ascertain
olases, viz;
the
which
eye
pits
the
country,
as
the
age,
I
very
become
low,
hol-
the
head,
But
before
that
thirty-six.
but
ses
hor-
is, the
; that
horses, in which
even
Some
case
superior
use.
idea
of the
shall divide
I
larly
particu-
more
number
same
are
are
being generally
mares
is but
horses,
at
admirably good, and
geldings for general
But
to
but
of
period, the
at
first observe
must
show
chief
the
of
yellow.
and
subject^
they
particularly
tusks, their number
without
to
the
long
forty teeth,
have
they
and
white,
very
those
of the age
fourteen,
or
take
thirtyyears
on
persuaded, that
am
are
I shall
as
if
age,
not
the
on
teeth, excepting when
thirteen
the
founded
judge correctly
to
old, about
and
observations
any
they
remarks
I shall
practice,
entirely erroneous,
as
their
all those
as
sound
of
which
by
year,
opinions
joint growing
new
a
certainty, of
but
;
ridiculous
was
every
By experience
and
theory
there
tail
totally destitute
hereafter.
that
horses
many
their
carried
advance,
to
of the
out
were
have
people
teeth
them
which
into
serve
three
10
THE
Are
those
of the
their
have
situated
mouth; they
is to
use
by
Are
situated
the
mouth
are
four
tusks
in the
jaw; they
are
are
they
second
use
age of
a
Most
placed at
the
anterior
canini,
twelve
in
number,
purpose
are
mastication
"
which
of
cutting
from
the
stitutes
con-
process
characteristic
their
and
preparation for digestion;
forming a
part
six to each
drawing hay
to
fore
or
for
is, for
each
CLASS
and
first
they
on
of
name
the
who
have
asserted
that
hut this is incorrect
grinders,three
days
the
by
below
one
for
authors
each
bridle ;
signof
the
horse.
horse, have
on
above, and
part of
that
intended
rack, preparatory
the
or
bit of the
the
THIRD
herbage :
or
barr,
the
way.
THE
mouth;
ot
young
a
CLASS
known
are
common
the teeth,
announce
their number.
one
and
jaw,
grinders:
or
aliment; but they
the
which
receives
in number,
posteriorpart
molares
chew
littleabove
a
which
side of the
grass
and
SECOJVD
THE
of the
called
particularmarks
no
Of
in the lateral and
are
grind
old horse, except
or
FIRST
on
side of the
9
written
he
is foaled
he is foaled with
each
side of the
inferior
after he puts out
four
on
the age
without
twelve
superior,and
which
the
teeth,
teeth,called
maxillary jaw,
more,
of
and
are
three
a
few
placed
\
li
front of the mouth,*
in the
is in
after, that
soon
the
situated
about
of
name
three
forth ; after
push
which,
front, continue
without
animal
at
three
arrives
old ," which
years
difficult to avoid
if the
make
the
colt
is;in which
is
About
colt
begins to
pincers
are
the
four
shed
which
years
horses, and
yellower
the
end
horses
teeth
"
See
colour
teeth
are
the
than
down
quite
spot in
former
or
round
;
his
plate the first, f
the
he
the old
really
countries
years
old, a
; those
called
their
appearance,
tlie animal
when
old, he
half years
which
others, and
gum
has
easily
are
a
When
streaked
; further
cavity
it; whereas
white.
See
interest, to
than
teeth
that
so
a
pincers,have
and
it very
being larger,flatter, and
of
or
during the time,
three
make
and
into the
middle
half
a
hereafter.
fall out
three
and
younger
eight colts teeth,
the
distinguished,
a
or
secondly
or
in
teeth
colts
it liis
finds
change
or
corneri^
renders
upon,
half,or
a
four
years
deception in
and
first which
gets three
older
every
years
the
circumstance
I shall show
as
two
the
two
instance,
appear
case,
employed,
of
being imposed
seller, for
; and
corners
alteration, until the young
any
the age
the
twelve
the
ing
of their be-
account
after
months
other
pincers,and
the
to
on
pincers ;
days, four
pincers and
the
four
or
next
separators,!
between
called
are
twelve
or
their appearance
teetJi make
take
ten
they
with
the
the horse
platethe second,
i See
these
a
four
of
from
four
black
colts
comes
to
plate the
third.
IS
four
four, or
separators
he
puts
middle
or
four
out
the former
as
after, and
soon
called
fallingof
the
of
name
and
filly,
at his
is
horse
a
horse
this
and
the
he
of
it is at
is
become
it has
of
the old countries
drops the
mare.
It is
this
period of
enduring
bishoping,of
At
five
state, the
they really are
or
five
internal
the
level
with
come
out, which
inner
continues
surface
and
of the
wall
surface
outer
curved
*
and
old, in
a
pear
ap-
natural
nippers is
are
and
period
of
a
on
completely
curved
smooth,
grooved,which
plate fourth-
in
practice of
pointed body
round
until the
See
a
of utility,
fullyhereafter.
tusks
the
present
now
in the tusk
corner
tries
coun-
them
the
more
half years
a
rest, and
inwards, with the
the
I shall treat
which
make
by
some
dealers
study with
possessingcolts,to
than
older
of
female,
is in most
period, he
matter
a
ger
lon-
no
a
except this, objected to for the purposes
so
tusks
useful, arriving
become
to
and
same,
if it is
name
here, that
until this
as
the
period,the
; and
strength,and being capable
fatigue;
rule
same
ni[*pcrs,she
assumes
supposed
does
this time
corner
remark
to
necessary
time
the
the
pincers.*
From
a
of them
room
follow
before
often
very
colt, but
a
in the
grinder likewise
their appearance.
make
on
teeth, and
called
ones,
liis four
half old, he loses
a
others, which
last milk
The
and
years
but
groove
about
tliir-
13
Icen
fourteen
or
tlie inner
and
becomes
with
and
the
practice and
in all
horses
The
parts of
of the teeth
growth
lower
pincers
a
cavities
to tell the
service
Between
age
and
seven
middle
two
about
"
as
for
during my
from
a
am
an
the
horse
by
his upper
"
See
no
is
as
half years
a
the
further
pincersand
the
same
a
who
horse
common
two
until
among*
tell the
age
of
the idea
fourteen
colt. And
provincesof Bengal, that
until that
platefifth, f
B
of
judging"of
period.
See
on
corners
the natives
a
on
,-t and
confirm
can
of
corners
manner
half,the
a
old, the
account
on
country this mode
teeth
of
separators,
ag-e of
in the upper
of that
the natives
rives
ar-
spots will
not, when
spots are
and
seven
jockey to
Eng-lish
residence
the
horse
a
black
or
the first person
fact,which
in
by.
of tellingthe
possibility
years old; a
East
I
in
old,the cavityof the
the
them, fill up in the
I believe
wlien
whether
eight,and eight and
Note.
of the
but
called
ones,
their situation betwixt
the side of
half years
filled up, the black
are
being founded
observed
that
so
will fill "p, and
entirelydisappear ;*
sertion
as-
eolts,takes place in their
of young
six and
or
This
thirty years
have
we
alterations,and their form,
at six
of
may
globe.
the
which
rule
same
experience
tooth
yon
old.
years
confidence,
much
with
this
of
rounding,
sixteen
call him
confidence
terated,
entirelyobli-
surface
concave
perfectlysmooth
is made
on
wlien this is
and
years,
platesixth.
or
teen
six-
of
the
it
was
I learnt
the age of
14
After
which, the upper
order,
same
die
is to
that
side to do
tlie
the
say,
:*
same
begins and
one
pincers begin
two
under
the
so
the
follows
at
terminates
jaw
its process*
*
The
of
jaw,
bean
he
which
and
and
half
of each
of
the
two
filled up, the two
upper
corners
as
the
jn
or
he
the upper
upper
provinces
say
when
a
colt
and
bitting,*
as
*
not
The
to
the
same
various
other
true
the curb
is
the
his
and
in the
a
provinces
would
go
by.
operate
Cut
snaffle,but in
same
bred
any
in
of
thence
of
gal,
Ben-
of his mouth
general treatment
to
colt
brought from
tJie lower
the
like
birth,kept
Moultnn,or
Oandahar,
causes,
nothing but
is from
is,supposing
criterion
the two
unless,
regu'arity,
provinder,and
old, into
and
a
horse
Tliat
of
that
twelve years old.
was
sufficient
Mogul Empire,
pnvinder,
invariably use
provinces of Bengal
the
provinces
of the
alwaj's be
Persians
me,
upper nippers were
disappear something-
it, with
do
on
do
two
disappearance
ten, and
at
animal
the
two, and
at
the
front
the
teeth
the
of four years
the climate,
so
when
f )lded.
was
that
was,
filled up
were
and
province
in
ofTicers who
cavalry
elapsed between
informed
the
from
next
always
not
Bhramins
wliere
climi;te
Persia,
do
iDe
that is, as
cavityof
the
they
same
France,
WHICH
taught
lose their mark
the
the
in
houses
riding
under
in the
guided
are
by
there
years
pairs;
fouiKl
the above,
of
in
learnt
tlie East
next
though
teeth, after the efTacement
we
MOLE
old,
years
of the
But
of
India.
Bhramins
a
this mode
Englanu
into
spot^ by which
says, he
veterinarycollege
Bell, of the
the upper
by
THE
The
Seventli.
introduced
first introduced
was
it from
brought
black
or
St.
first who
of liorses
age
which
and
the
was
the
judg-hig-
mark,
plate
professorMonsieur
Lite
London,
Hie
See
materially,
if the horse
the lower
is
part of the
invaiiably used. The provinderisalso difterent.
15
fillup about nine
and ten and
nine and
ol"
half, sometimes
a
two
seperatorsfillup;
and
a
the two
half years,
the black
and
in
number
blunt
very
cavity,and
the
At
roof
effaced, and
tusks
beginto push
When
a
in the
I have
during
a
evident, and
forward
in
are
ftwffoH,tlic
the
horizontal
fifteen or
judging-seldom
of
corner
nippers
direction*
sixteen, his
sive
inci-
stillmore
are
where
province,state, or dii.trict,
myself,from
residence
in the
rounded
a
internal
disappearance
still less
same
of
mode
tlie
a
produces
inspectionof
the
they
roof of the mouth
the
often
mediate
inter-
two
theu*
and
nearly triangular,
teeth become
folded, this
loose
to
fore
there-
years,
filled up ;
regular,those
lives to be
horse
always kept
will be found
very
fleshy ridges are
ten
instances,the
begin
tv/elve
or
entirelyfilled up
twelve, when
is
of a2;e, the
twche
are
fleshyridgesof
of the upper
now
of
and
leaner.
becomes
at
lastly,
corners
nippers
upper
become
eleven years
spots disappear. At
great
a
and
half years old ; at ten
a
thousand
many
horses,
fifteenyears in that country, found
near
wns
this observation
and
error:
he
to
be
correct
I also made
imported
Arabs
the
honourable
during
not
the
be
the
observation
same
from
the Red
East
India
this country,
by
the difference
and those bred
between
in
t!ie subject,
to make
the introduction
"Way, into the southern
state
of
horses
of
a
in the
jaw. That is,when
inspection,
similar remark
Canadiun
or
Virginia,
bred
passed my
in that country.
a
found
England,invariably
alteration of the effacement
lower
which
last three years of m.)''residence
to
inapplicable
thousand
seven
different parts of Arabia, for
Sea, and
Company,
of
upwards
on
vise
years
of the mark, between
I should pronoiuice
As
climates
two
"
ing
respect-
colt, in the
versa.
warm
It may
6i^m"
respects
of
India,
difference
the
uppa-
in
and-
horse sixteen years-
16
horizontal, the upper
it
as
in two
were
sometimes
irregular,as
from
corn
:
a
As
them
much
often
furrows
having
thin
and
when
dealer
a
an
of
which
art
year,
and
the
investigation.
ances
appear-
nippers flatten
yet
often
lular
the cel-
obscured
lower
mark
natural
his
scored
hairs
; gray
of
out
the
vigourous,
appear
spiritremaining
of such
The
;
being
one
is
attention,
at
and
one
he
comes
be-
give
him
a
a
to
:
principal part
of
in the
only in his fourteenth
country
the
appearance.
consists
whether
these
it becomes
possessed
pronounce
But
ticate
mas-
so, if it is the
projects,while
horses
their
old in India, I should
years.
surface
anus
object worthy
youthful
and
other, and become
after
becomes
more
all
i^endent,the
it is termed,
much
in age,
surrounding
paralytic.But
as
ed,
rasp-
sunk, and
become
mucli
very
each
the eyes, the
lip$become
mouth,
and
their
on
membrane
often
likewise
them
grind
to
strengthen. The
and
over
to
the animal
advances
side, separate from
the
have
eyes
the
appear
it necessary
so
are
stallion.
animal
very
yellow, and
are
grinders
deep,
old
very
the
the
now
frequently the
of
inability
pits over
colt of
make
to
the
his
the
parts. Tliey
black, and
sawed
frequentlybeeomeis
corner
this
climate
a
horse
this therefore
difference
of Canada
Jn this country
makes
will hold
and
a
or
England
difference
good,
as
remains
Vii'ginia
of two
respects the
for fui'they
ts
"f
the
time
all
intended
was
the
which
in
ering
answ
life
natural
the
in
custom
alluded
this
very
forced
to
to^
is
I
truly
early
pursue
put
and
it, that
fully
these
labour,
this
mark
of
is
animal
so
inueh
mals
ani-
generous
and
or
capable
noble
it
that
hjjif
one
this
regret,
to
not
which
where
country,
and
useful,
for
purposes
and
so
are
animal,
the
he
the
;
of
so
is
tingly
unremit-
so
mucliT
OSTEOLOGY,
Giving
descriptionof
a
the
of
THE
the
teeth
the
tables
they
latter
before
called
of
crown
There
which
are
is
of
evidently
country
the
idea
that
rationa
every
tion, will
raising of
cutting
tooth,
the
frog
from
barbarous
the
ground
callecl
hair
the
the
idea
of
curing
operation
of
burning
under
absurd
BQfver
of
the
the
eidsted
i
can
by
give
so
to
resort
never
will
no
means
to
to
the
for
The
it. It
is
therefore
the
cuttiiig and
The
foot
in health
be reconciled
of the
for
to
hoped*
reflec"
extracting,
lampas,
practice
moments
one
practice.
into
this tooth, under
infl.imrnation
ihe
in horse""
eye.
and
hooks
research,
the
keep
molarc,
introduced
have
himself
a
uppeB
first
dealers
extracting
of
credit
any
who
man
of
of
formed
the
and
structure,
inflammation
give
to
omicui
practice
the
curing
absurd,
too
anat
nip*
portion called
near
Fan-iers
ar"
or
is the
crown
tooth
ded
divi-
they
as
wliich, by anatomical
but
bicuspides.
abominable
the
of
of the
small
a
leelh,
of
species
a
ignorant
are
this
is
call wolfs
seen
and
are
is
tooth
The
root.
They
separators
Each
:
thirty-six, the
shining compact
a
then
and
now
farriers
who
and
neck,
a
alveoli
horse,
uiolares,*
horsemen,
grinders.
l^art,eompossd
"
and
tusks, and
pers,
a
farriers
the
mare
tusks.
and
between
called
in
of
hones
cavities
are
in the
cuspidati
sheep,
the
which
the
ofjudging
eompaetest
number
in
wanting
incisors,
by
in
observed,
commonly
into
and
bonea,
forty
mode
horsebox
hardest
jaw
usually
are
the
situated
are
of the
I have
as
the
are
and
hody,
of
age
the teeth, and
a
the
eye
disease
common
;
the
wolfs
;
and
that
sens^
so
enamel, and
bone
but is
so, of
is not
neck
the
:
less
one
the
into the alveoli ; and
are
fangs,as
in the human
Most
quadrupeds
teeth,
adult
or
after birth,
as
about
other
milk
the
The
set.
the
milk
or
he
gradnallyperformed, some
of the
the animal
suffers
all,or
several
It is
at
with
appear,
at the
rudiments
period ;
set
can
are
be
are
apparently by
the
thus
when
of the
foon
filledup by
one
pressure
first
by
of the
means
the
same
starve.
various
dissection*
though
the
of
years
sofne
making
two
that
between
occasioned
is drawn,
nearly
as
as
soon
of
traces
under
their
of
sets
found
are
know,
second
the
ever,
they, howat
evident, the
set
the
set, is very
where
distinguishedimmediately
only prevented from
one
we
sooa
which
whicli
by
of both
at least
or
first,and
remove
probably
interval
an
temporaneous
others
and
same
last,
to
fact, proved
them, yet that the
the
them,
at,
elapsingbetween
the
veterinary college,that
the
teeth
would
curious
a
of
permanent,
a
permanent
years
of
sets
change, by
inconvenience;
no
like.
case
life two
plate the
the
first and
time, the animal
more
appear
perio"l.This
adult
appearance
in
seen
into distinct
out
are
horse,
received
are
set, and
usually
displaced for
are
spread
having during
first
may
roots
subject,but
temporaneous,
a
(^ommoa
in the adult
colt. The
not
of
natui"e
very evident
plane in
more
the
the
them"
appearance
by
the
its
set, and
first
place
:
i"
this ap^
tlie
pears
be
always
may
this not
for
the
may
case,
another
part,
another
is not
soon
as
of the
that
it may
second
when
set
older
it
essentiallynecessary
of
teeth, for
to
the
jaws,
disproportionin
teeth
as
the
small
and
less
rudiments
the
between
growth
separated,and
of the
secondare
room,
and
actually
in the
branches
necessarilyevolve
The
"f great
mode
of
at
the
only
the
so
this
but
in
twa
tion
propor-
set, the
and
jaws
wide
them
is
be
one
the
given
they
and
the
apart
first
at
as
the
removal
fangs or
more
a
as
rous,
nume-
take
more
up
early period situated
posterior jaw,
so
that
these
jaw lengthens out.
of
curiosity likewise,
absorptionof
saw
should
slowly
larger
early formed,
of
young
set, adapted to the jaws; but
numerous
though
are
ed,
remov-
are
Providence
made
there
; hence
early appearance
make
to
been
there
edges
sharp
this
there
but
a
velling
placed, le-
others
are.
that
grow
so, had
increased
jaws
they
they
as
the
have
must
than
;
keeps
nor
was
its
frequently practice
they
appear
sets
the
appear
the absorbents
it
by
not
Was
displaced,if
generallyknow
horses
was
vain,
in which
socket
Dealers
gums.
which
in
becomes
tooth
a
afterwards
not
placement
dis-
period.
that
immediately springingup,
smooth,
the
could
they
accidental
any
before
nothing
alveoli,or
the
wound
as
fill up
occur
makes
that
early formation,
to
that
useless
it
their
ready
who
nature
remove
of
reason
and
roots
the
is
first
is
a
occasioned
matter
by
an
of the toothy whereby
falls out,
it
the
fangs
about
by
know
having
the
tooth
becomes
evolved
than
roots
the
and
does
remain
to
this evolution
in the
the
hy
different
the
animal
The
bones
on
dissection
the
roots.
It is
from
follow
The
nerves
"'
Some
the
enter
by
means
the
nervous
ear
as
branches
above
tlie
as
place
blood
he
of
we
the
have
at once.
the
as
hollows
be
must
the
human
anterior
ia
furnishingthe
and
the
human
jaw
;
ia
siderable,
con-
times
some-
teethe
described.*
tubrosity of
must
vessels, which,,
vessels
of
of
periods^
kept up
are
as
removal
Ijcemorrahages that
extractions
they
different^
different
at
entering
the
of the
under
passing-
and
from
maxillary canals
and
roots,
the
took
traced
great
becomei
are
so
teeth
nerves
the
and
offi"je; and
set, and
whole
evident, that
hard
more
its evolution
inconvenienced
in the
be
may
tooth
by
roots
teeth,
is not
general,by
as
their
stimulated
living powers
in
do
teeth
of the
be
to
as
sioned
occa-
second
temporaneous
permanent
is
be if the removal
so
is
perfectly hardened,
individual
temporaneous
which
the
these
is the
this
wt
excite*
presure
as
these
on
it is not
press
and
secure,
this
above, and
it presses
while
reach
not
hardened,
of the tooth
but
absorbed,
brought
wliich
pressure,
underneath,
and
growth,
is
tooth
powerfully ;
most
the
by
of
of
absorption
principlesof physiology
true
vessels
these
the
stimulous
the
on
of
roots
or
; this
support
no
terior
pos-
Nor
teeth, are
and
It is
by
this part (a dangerous practice)
dividmg or burning-the ntrve,at
*hat itinerant practitionerspretend to cure tke tooth ache, which
S3
have
we
hcHt
but,
;
the
on
contrary,
until
is increased
the
to
in
posited as
when
nearly
other
tooth
a
to fill up
it, on
certain
connc'xion
branches
of thefiftli
oftJiese
of
sand
the teeth, likewise
wliicli is also
so
an
wheH
under
the
llment
by
jaw
(so strong
occasioned
ianced, for
were
of the
tooth, has just shivered
a?ialogyof feeling,how
of
teeth
Qever
nbominablc
extracting the
an
and
and
teeth.
world,
instance wliere
but
tion
inflamma-
have
we
Upon
must
severe
i
and
a
tlie
c.n
the
be the
freer
sen*
egress
principalof
pain
of
sorting
re-
i;;noranl practitioners
have
cunfidentlyassert
they did harm.
related,
child, whose
the
all horses
most
and
now
with
permitting-the
died.
All
;
not
are
cases
is the connexion
practice,among
wolf's
in uil parts of the
knew
great
sensibility
fully,
htiman^ yet
And
of
between
matter,
qnadrupeds
convulsions
tlie purpose
gums
to that
the
as
succeeds.
teeth
principle)has
of
many
reach.
our
feelingunder
teetb
decay
sometimes
of the
filing-
their
their
longer. The
liable to diseased
the
gritty
demonstrates
evinced
much
so
other
or
the
auditory
the
without
wholly
are
from
probably;but
pairof nerves
phenomena
effect
The
of
some
term
we
as
arise
must
between
peculiar
enough
disagreeableeftect
the
latter
the
as
so
in supplying
is well
teeth
settingthem,
sounds
edgo, and
the
from
out
is nature
careful
so
re-dc^
human
the
branch
can
in
sensibility
ourselves
among
next
the space,
The
acids, and
of
the
is every
and
in
of
roots
there
find
we
growth
the
is absorbed
for
cases,
hence
ahsor-
have
their
that
period,and
earth
drawn,
is
waste.
known
their
they
see
we
; and
removed
suppose
that
adult
the
temporaneous
reason
to doubt
reason
any
wi.lPs
that
I
S4"
it doe"
then
pain, and
of
early in
the
in the
form
matter
is
;
bony
in this, and
the
mucus
is
enamel
bone, and
of
it is
for.
this,there
as
is
there
is
We
may
and
this
by
is
;
perhaps
number
of the
hence
or
horse
the
on
depressions
th"8e become
face
rough grinding sur-
a
alternatelya
means
of
readilythan
more
ing
remaininequalities
intended, and
by
this firmation
the last of the animal
learn, that the
there
teeth
enamel
dentists
seldom
incisive
cwioui.
or
are
existence.*
is not
for the purpose
constantly insist
of the
of the
nippers,yet, from
In our
own
be free from
decay. In
parts entirelydeprived. If,as
surfaces
the broad
pendicular
per-
grinder,admirably adapting
the teeth would
it is evident
the
worn
on
particularpreservative qualityin it,is one
any
least of its uses,
of the
giving
ways
great hardness, is al-
wearing
the
of preser\'ing
principally
on
the teeth,
bone, and plateof enamel,
common
always a
from
its
by
ridges
up
remaining perfectto
"
brutes, it
carnivorous
the
for the purpose
them
and
placed in perpendicularplates,within
the surface
on
ent
differ-
in
placed differently
trary,
con-
bony part
the
The
the
layerof
as
in
out
absorbed.
covering to
a
of the teeth ; where,
:
gradually thrown
gramnivorous animals,
In
keeping
so
is
exteriorlyas
firmness.
body
very
involved
of mucus,
becomes
In the human,
animals.
them
then
eating.
detected
he
may
with appearance
not following
particulardeposit,
altogether
a
the nature
is placed
of
dislike to the act
a
emhryo,
membrane
a
is found
horse
a
of tlie teeth
rudiments
The
and
happen,
so
grinders,as
observation
on
the
face
sur-
neither
front teeth it is the same,
at
of
wear-
S6
have
they
is
Their
in
away
by
mode
years
tlie animal
has
one
from
each
ones
a
his
to
as
other
are
species of
on
THE
and
as
four
are
and
upper
anterior
jaw
in
what
on
on
is called the
the incisive
and
; the
ner
cor-
likewise
wall, which
is
after it appears.
TUSKS,
OR
mares,
side of the lower
barr, and
molares.
especiallynearer
are
of
differ
teeth
have
these
each
fact,
uncertain
very
observed, usuallywanting in
one
garded
re-
the number
incisive
C^iJVIJVJE
it
as
the
Those
in the
of the
nippers than
posterior.
There
the
a
for sometime
number,
jaw,
of
internal
side, or
the rest
between
space
the
artificial
in
and
of age,
lived, but is
The
middle.
periods, is
certain
respects appearance
as
I before
the
up
hollow, which
judging
CUSriDATES,
Are,
a
nearly triangular;
level with
a
of
value.
real
at
outer, the inner
groove
criterion
a
as
best
a
presents
degree
some
some
the
forms
has
outer
surface
upper
wears
the
but
rounded,
and
inner
surfaces, an
two
are
adult
(and
in
period
warmer
slowly,and
curved
but
of four
groovei
with
and
a
appear
half years
at
old
considerablysooner) growing
evolved, presentinga
com|ileteiy
turned
appearance,
plane surface, and
these, which
four
or
climates
when
of
set
one
an
an
inner
inwards, with
one
that
intermediate
has two
an
outer
cular
perpendi-
rising,the
end
is
S7
pointing,which
gvooves,
internal
surface
be
may
been
leaving the
equal
guide,when
a
wears
age
with
the
ternal
in-
blunted, and
lusk
is
the
; this therefore
the outer
horse
a
with
away,
have
suspected to
bishoped,
Are
THE
MOLARES
twelve
to each
born
with
than
the
upon
which
surface
the
coU,)The
under,
anterior
form
they
as
is
teetli that
enamel
teeth
one
set
hung
completelyin
These
teeth
but
this
hicueplSfcalled
of
thought
want
the
of
its
their
;
the
point
upper
first
from
uneven
not
so
the
posterior,so
into the
nation
the alter-
and
bony portions;
over
has
the
the
ridges
depressionsof
permittingthe
mouth
to
the
shut
of rest.
state
horses
sometimes
is seldom
situated
there
and
means
a
fixed
the
performed
is very
received
are
are
in many
being nearly ti'iangular
the rest,
as
other, by this
a
the
larger and stronger
are
upper
mastication
of the
been
GRIXDERS
jaw (and are
; this surface
instances
of the
OR
presents nearly a long square,
complete
but
by
; at
before
wolf's
the
in
of anatomical
introduction
times
there
by
of
so
gross
an
the
and
injuringthe
knowledge
a
from
grooms
eye
could
error,
rious,
ca-
is likewise
first molare
tooth, which
growth, has
to do harm
become
small
gularity
irre-
joekies
;
nothing
have
duced
pro-
it having
28
connexion
no
with
the
eye, and
in
fine sliould
never
be noticed.^
The
grinders
mastication,
prevent
should
point
but
the
cMssel,
breaking
but
js
which
always
they
more
cone-like
human
body,
which
renders
have
We
they
already observed,
find all the
we
though equal
into
in
one
of them
extraction
extremely soft, having
are
these
little
The
bladders, if
blacksmiths
this
krio-ivledgeoi'
prevail on
practice
branch
people
inflammation
of
should
repeatedly
to
the
be
been
yet committed
of
in
that
I may
this
and
Every
allowed
be
city,many
eye
;
but
tooth,
this
of whom
have
under
strongly reprobated by
gross
an
the
cruel, barbarous
applied to perform
error
this
in
that
men
of
one
the expres-
ofscience^universallypersuade
this
tus,
foe-
consistence
jelly-like
a
little bladders.
extract
so
dissectinga
perfectlyformed,
teeth
only, resembling
have
for it
cases;
difncult.
\erj
*
alveoli,the jaw
yet formed
the
traction
ex-
ous
danger-
very
in these
fangs, are
the
or
great strength
the
that the roots
;
and
hammer
a
in the
less fractured
the
veterinarian
only a
from
to
as
case,
smJth,
is not
implanted
are
or
the
to
Mith
common
practice; for
be remembered,
number
the
the
the
by
away
in this way,
brutal
a
should
them
so
away,
tin's is
smooth,
performed by
as
wear
when
be filed
of teeth
with
sometimes
of
idea
and
sense.
operation,
practice.
but
assumed
a
and
often
of
curing-
shameful
I have
I never
29
probably
them
with
considera-
a
of the
hardness
of the
the age
of the natural
account
on
disposltioii
properly it
incasterate, which
fluid to
of the
teeth ; for whicli
gradually,accordini^to
teeth increases
fcetus ;
many
vessels, "c. The
of blood
hie numher
as
provided
has
nature
purpose
to form
intended
sion, are
is possessed
of.
The
also the
in the
As
form
can
we
of the
soon
black
to the
as
spots in
extremity
the
air
of the blood
penetrates
operation occasions
liard,and therefore
their
into
that
the
foot, horn,
the
of each
tooth,
the
they are
vessels,obliterated
sult
reas
their cavities ; which
superficesto
rise to
tributes
con-
ted
distribu-
blood
middle
opinion than
otbor
no
the
to
quires
ac-
of the
enamel
or
the
skin, produces hair, and
to the
tooth,
consistence, and
that
manner
same
of
of the white
formation
to the
teeth,
degree
same
each
surrounds
fluid which
mucus
become
formation
dry
of
a
and
black
spot.
From
of
a
the
this
horse
same
and
arises the difference
the
in both ^ but
also in the last,
are
nal
of
extremities
flat and
human
between
the
subject,their originbeinu:
little cavities
those
entirelyolditerated
w
whilst in horses
C
2
on
hich exist
in the
the teeth, in consequence
sharp figure:
teeth
the
extt-r
of their
contrary,
30
their
front teeth
external
that
each
of
dried
the
much
of
opinion)in
be
keep
too
will
growth
the
is
find
wear
the
a
that
to the
juices
; which
not
are
open,
of the
by
too
or
enamel
which
mucus
ported
supof
the teeth
harder
than
too
in its
of
never
surrounds
mentioned, acquires
above
vessels,which
intended
of the white
seconded
teeth
tooth, suffer
humour,
mucus
or
solidity sooner
small
; the
is
spots of the teeth, they will
black
littlebladderg
of
will
cause
much
are
its
so.
off,if it happens that the
degree
that
tooth
for
opinion
proves
remain
of the
last
This
serve
ble
proba-
most
intended
the
life.
for
the
or
soon,
susceptible
substance
obstacles, and
cavities
horses, whose
As
the
too
too
be
to
the
case,
air; and
the
fluids,wliich
teeth, become
compact,
cavity open
others
if the
their
of
extremity
by
to
cavity of
the
performed
supposed
either
by experience
than
been
the
dryness (which
will
their
at
venture
may
in
hardened
and
has
the
by
violence, or
growth
we
spots situated
caused
are
operation
too
for
quite open
ascertained,
black
being
if this
with
be well
the
tooth,
blood
and
square,
extremities.
If this fact
say,
are
the
bladders
selves
them-
ment
for the nourish-
serve
the
great pressure
by
origin,for
tion
forma-
the
great hardness
teeth.
of
the
This
cause
the tooth, will
state,and
morbid
leave
it in
a
never
wear
off,though
"We
therefore
may
this effect is
that
hard
the
the
and
of the
too
vessels
blood
and
in the
geldings are
fibres, as
other
animal,
well
more
their
their
and
their
teeth.
than
and
only
the
In
cattle
general
temporaneous
of
set
temporaneous
every
male.
arc
certain
more
Oxen
have
horns.
in
manent
per-
a
have
Sheep
set.
permanent
neat
females^of
their horns, which
by
conveniently examined,
appearances
tive
defec-
SHEEP
observed
ages
the
the
A^^D
OXEJ^
Have
than
weaker
are
of
be
stallions,because
than
ages
those
as
subject to
more
for their
mark
their
the
indicated
sufficiently
is
age
till the
appearance,
fall,and
are
with
third
replaced by
kind
when
year,
a
the
end
and
succeeding year's growth protrudes
as
each
notty extremity from
formed
;
the
consequently
reckoned
for
the
head,
in these
button
of button
permanent
appear
a
a
circle
animals,
at the
or
by
the
pair. These
are
of
tooth.
Mares
the
good authority,
premature
a
extremity
spot will
filled up.
are
with
pronounce
produced by
on
pressure
cavities
the
black
the
at
;
this
round
ring is
if three
years
extremity, and
an
3S
beast
of the
;
knowing
graziers
rings, to
deceive
no
with
the
the old
pers
which
they
apply
into
under
under
teeth
neous
set
earlier
than
till they
eight nippers at
black.
to have
Neat
anterior
no
nip-
they change
;
the
and
this time, when
tempora-
get
pair
a
old ; thus
they
it off
cut
their
and
horse,
five years
are
tongues, and
their
posteriorjaw,
or
their
year,
in
teeth, which
the
sometimes
turf with
a
with
every
considered,
are
they gather long grass principally,
wrap
it to the
who
kine
teeth, only in the posteriorjaw ;
it necessary
for
in them,
equalityof
thes"
down
those
In
the
among
rasp
unwary.
yellow, and
incisive
deeming
nature
or
scrape
and
uneven,
cattle have
unusual
not
generalappearance
whiteness
are
to
the
horns, the
have
it is
though
the age
shall have
circle,we
for every
additional year
having
are
called full
the
horns
mouthed.
Sheep
teeth.
have
The
their
horns
in
usually examined
year
must
Where
Mr.
year,
those
these
counted
they have
have
who
form
the
for every
horns, the
no
by
one
teeth
them,
four
broad
at
in their
teeth
twelve
fifth year
this does
not
at twelve
months,
appear
or
more
are
of
the
do not
change.
in their
eight of
correct
one
in the fourth
the
same
a
rings.
third
(they before begin their
months)
and
criterion, and
Buffon, I think, says, they have
dentition
and
be
;
indicated
age
second
year
kind.
; for it is observed
a lamb
puts
shearing,
six,
But
that
out his
ON
CONTRACTION,
FOUNDER
THEIR
AND
CAUSES,
The
BEST
MODM
preventing
which
have
in the
been
be
every
years
This
rendering
On
my
first
in
the
the want
to
footsteps of
must
of
be
the
that
prevent
than
those
city
diseases
that
cure
couple
a
of
of
course
and
a
their
ingenuity,
own
useful
the
to
public.
this
city, I
my
ivorthijpreceptor, Intfor
to
of
them
the
so
feet, be
} it
of the
Now,
cure,
was
who
ought
the
through
was
frustrated.
lahoiiredr^ardto
those
artful chicanery
superior
ever
his
showing
their interests, it
villainyand
coachmen
in the
support, from
proper
evil
application
government
eminently
in
for
bath,
saved
himself
consulted
be, by the
horses
arrival
of
it may
cold
services
therefore, this
If
once
that
sands
thou-
many
of their
them.
many
be
of
half
one
how
at
was
and
even
and
not
may
diseases
destruction
shoe
day,
of
mode
the
particularly contraction,
and
which
hours
destructive
more
of
required
patent bar
have
CURE,
AND
by teaching
most
ruin
remedied,
owners.
the
horses, before
of the
walk
;
TREATMENT
OF
career
horse, but
ends
of
his
of
some
to the
occur
few
THRUSH
present professor of the veterinary college, very
judiciously began
can
RUNNING
must
more
as
to
bined
com-
smiths
and
prevention
the
means
important
this that
led
pro-
Plal"2.
f'aUnt
Bar
Shot.
C
Q
^
Cvntracted
ffu
s1u"iyirt^
h^o/' s?unf. m/fi
vandty from.
thf
K^
CUfis
B
/7u- r,7Unt
A"
C.
D.n-
Slic
35
applyhis attention to the physiology
Let us now examine
the art of shoeing.
fessor Coleman
of the
the
to
foot,and
disease. The
of this destructive
causes
all other animals, contrihutes most
to the
horse, of
and
pleasure
h" arrives at
as
advantageof man ; hence as soon
maturity (and very often before that period)he
is broughtfrom a state of nature to a lifeof art, and
which of course
therebydoomed to labour and fatigue,
from which in a
subjecthim to a varietyof diseases,
natural state he would
diseases
to which
I lar,deserve
from
the
a
forever
his fore feet
exempt. The
remain
in particuliable,
are
attention,
beingmore
our
of causes,
number
exposed to
than any other
jury
in-
part of
body.
An
inquirytherefore,into
will in
; or
what
some
measure
is of much
the
lead
causes
us
to
of these diseases
proper
dies
reme-
greater consequence,
will
by which many of them may he
pointout the means
those
more
diseases, and
; as
jivevented
especially
in the horny substances of the feet,
are
more
easily
preventedthan cured. For it is not with horses,as
with the human
where, if the life of a man
subject,
though a limb be lost,he may
Jcan be preserved,
be a useful member
of society
nevertheless,
; but
unless a horse be preservedsound and
active in
all his limbs,he is onlyfitfor the meanest
drudgery
or
becomes
with
I
a
burden
to his owner.
respectto the
The
glect,
greatestnemanagement of horses feet.
36
is
atiendingto
not
used
commonly
most
sound
and
; for
at
and
never
troubled
be
there
must
some
material
This
used
their
I shall
few
observations
a
tough, by
the
the
to
are
and
any
That
a
man
maxims,
into
the
the
for horses
day time,
moist, sound
and
stand
all with
and
are
and
regard
general,which
that
they
submitted
or
custom
use
their
the sole view
without
to
a
the
ed
receiv-
are
propriety
recommend
without
to
teemed
universally es-
now
laying aside
to
and
hoofs.
in
reason
shall
who
of air, the
or
commonly
things practised,with
of horses
by
prove,
oily applications.
essentiallynecessary,
inquiry
to
means
them
preserve
many
undoubted
as
the
on
established, and
so
stable
greasing
practice of stuffing,
the management
has
shoeing,
in the
endeavour
now
oilinghorses
alone
feet.
the
in
faults
confinement
of greasy
use
alsurd
There
hoofs,
sound
of
diseases
besides
of nature,
state
mismatiagement.
by people
On
with
assertion
making
a
means
cool, moist
always good
that
during
in
horses
them,
to
in the
or
them
preserve
find that
we
it is evident
Hence
to
liberty, have
running
are
natural
is most
shoeing,stable management,
in
whether
"\hat
of
them
free
of
litter
of
culation
cir-
ing,
cloth-
during
securing
them
hem
Jit
a
as
oily applications,so
recommended
and
maxim,
hoofs
of horses,
and
be
from
up
These
tough.
good qualities;
into
the
stable, than
their
hoofs
day
and
;
moistened, it of
even
hard, dry, and
brittle,and
in
nails
driving the
if
hoofs
were
these
turned
city cannot
become,
out
always
they
as
cause
that
of
the
must
this
hoofs
to
good,
change
proceed
they
graze
gettingtlu"ip
I
would
and
?
It
greased
from
the
them
hoofs
a
(which in
at
of nature,
state
ask
what
cannot
grass
weif and
a
would
in lime
therefore
certainly
dew
shod,
brittle
dry, hard,
oilinghoofs,
while
grow
to be
come
in the field
their
in
much
splitoft*in chips*
to
with
be
to
oiled,
or
kept
are
makes
them
done)
greasing
were
they
originallyin
were
sound, tough and
for
be
greased
are
when
are
introduced
sooner
course
horses,
same
ry.
saluta-
experience
no
if
causes
received
cooli sound
are
dry litter,without
standing on
fore
be-
horses
young
from
are
every
wrote
this
hoofs
horses
stable
Now,
when
but
sometimes
hoofs
that
found
are
scribed
pre-
filthyapplicationsto
fields, their
the
spect
re-
often
pernicious than
rather
observed,
session
pos-
with
who
from
dissent
all such
are
the
veterinary college, I
the
to
that
show,
It is to
taken
of
singular as
so
authors
by
sidered
con-
Bethh-
or
to
or
greasy
establishment
be
must
having pretensions
faculties. However,
and
the
Jjiike^s
St,
for
being
his rational
all
to
the
his
of
hazard
the
runs
iiihahUcmt
hospitaifthan
of
the
disease,
agaimt
vocates
all adthe
is
be
said
fore
there; It
inoisture
o"
38
Hie
of which
grass,
from
tlie
hoofs
tijat
pro"ifs,
horses
turn
fi"om
out
And
hoofs.
of
hoofs
very
horses
is
that
it is
a
fact
human
in other
well
known
oily medicines
body prevent
with
of the
pores
hoof,
Hence
nourish
on
the
hoof
^hich
to
to
the
natural
is
prevented
account,
the
and
feet,
the
spiration
perin
pores
laws
same
almost
the
of
ture
na-
the
to
:
absorbed
moisture
from
is
hard.
the
if it
good,
the
up
stance.
sub-
their
which
were
tended
at-
same
hold
close
into
the
always
arrivingat
as
of
skin
upon
and
shut
tliat
one,
eveiy
will it not
it f)econies
consequently tlry,brittle
fore
insensible
those
consequences
by being
dung,
own
the
that
applied
applicationswill
greasy
tle
brit-
parts of the body. Now,
parity of reasoning,then, why
that
their
perspiration,which
bad
some
failed, we
that
physiologists,
and
according
daily
have
litter.
tlirough
on
also
feet of horses
than
to
porous,
place
very
and
greasy
are
and
take
dry
well known
carried
manner,
same
and
of the
decayed
their
of
the
We
have
recover
condition
hot
upon
end
we
means
moisture
the
better
in
It is also
in
that
of summer?
find also tliat the hind
we
stand
which
other
grass to
to
standing
always
are
ail
when
find
the
at
which
fact, of
certain
a
as
state
months
dry
also
not
we
better
a
after the
winter, than
know
in
always
are
do
cause
same
principalingredient;
is the
water
should
the
face,
sur-
dead,
40
boiling hot
soles, mixed
the
on
with
of wood, "c.
shoe, with si"linters
of sense,
man
?
nature
or
they
are
calculated
irritating,
and
dung
is it not
stale urine.
of the salts and
which
bad
many
kind,
worst
volatile alkali contained
place
in
much
of
the
of the
the various
upon
recommended
prescriptions
I trust
sufficient has
and
to
good
other
substance
fact
The
hot
simplicity,
very teeth of their
with
a
view
phrase is)the
oil has
no
of
own
and
of
pompous
and
grooms,
the
ment
judg-
horse, never
a
cold water, it being
horn
than
any
Medica.
itself,
by their acting in the
when
principles,
nourishingand
horn
power
for
of
moistening to
in the Materia
speaks
and
the smiths
owner
from
commenting
said to convince
of every
coolingand
more
without
and
besides
frog,"c.
compositions
by
been
sense
its
despisefor
But
mire?
in the
softeningthem,
effects that arise to the
further
account
on
hardening
to
the otlier bad
dung.
rotten
moisture, but
it is true, is
This,
in itself contributes
rottenness
?
consequences
feet with
stuff the
of the very
drying the hoofs,
them
natural
by obstructingthe
to
grooms
moisture
decrease
great impropriety in gentlemen
is also another
sufferingtheir
than
and
hot
contrary,
feet, and therehyrender
produce
perspiration,to
ing
cool-
emollient
an
the
on
the
ask any
now
me
to increase
; and
brittle,
dry and hard
There
not
rather
of the
the inflammation
Let
articles of
these
are
under
tow
softening(as
of the foot. Now,
horn
softening
they apply it,
the
their
fact is, that
in the smallest
de-
41
for every
onekno^\s
tiee of all comb
makers,
gree,
in
material
that
water,
the
or
that it is the
and
their
upon
all the
coarser
oils become
Tarnish
when
in the
of
few
a
steady evaporationof
its
absorptionof
from
this
the
road, unless
he
surface.
so
the
w
can
the
he
as
with
the
which
may
the
on
immersed
them
ally
occasion-
might
its
by
its
be
road, can
thus
heated
must
have
in
a
tion.
absorpfect
the ef-
ed
varnish-
of
space
tricklingoff*the hoof,
arrested
the
by
and
as
no
evaporation,wliieh
production
upon
which
this
inevitablycontribute
if these facts be admitted
d2
time,
varnished
the
nearly if not utterlyprecluded;
foot. Now,
from
travels
softened
effects therefore, of
of oil
It is
precluded
is
water,
momentary
manifest, that in this way,
use
of
the
on
ay
surprisingly
great, in
be
must
not
the
impossiblethat occasionallymeeting
water
The
of
atmosphere.
his hoofs
means
occupied in
portion of
livinghorse,
consequence
the
remain
to
were
of
parts of the oil,and
hoofs
his
except during
is
which
the
that
kind
a
evidently result
coolinghis feet,while
case,
it
with
the fluid in this
of
are
from
cooled, though
It is also
with
in
must
fluid,by which
become
hours,
refreshingeffect
in contact
in the
feet of
the thiuner
advantage, which
come
the
oxygen
into
converted
the
produce
to
therel'ore,tliat the animal
cause
cooling and
in order
use
warm
it ,*for it is also well known
appliedto
course
employ
husiiiess,to
softeningeffect
prao-
artificers wlio
other
of water,
vapom^
common
of
makes
principle,
to heat
(and I
cold,
do
noi
the
see
4:3
they
how
if
foe
oil
the
the
effectual
the
only
of contraction
occurrence
and
hourly
with
met
of
means
well
as
horny box,
tlie
to
soften
to
the
throughout
of
so
it,
frequent
at the
daily
crack, which
sand
and
natural
varnish, precludes
a
ceases,
destruction
injury and
the
to
be
to
are
the
calculated
all wonder
a
brittle,as
water
in nature,
the fact is clear, and
as
he
and
operating as
application of
substance
follow
of oil must
use
hotli liard
hoof
the
rendering
hot;
the
t. at
consequence,
it will
denied)
be
can
country,
thousand
many
animals.
If
therefore, the practice of oilingand
herses
hoofs
and
feet in
the
the
tub
a
and
Europe,
public
of
kind
often
and
is
how
a
horses
used
in the
well
as
in
and
horse
fact
the United
mails
for service before
and
that
immersing
the
England,
and
the
consist
like
such
T
be
ten
vate
pri-
saved
again
ot his
country
one
use
grease"
pernicious
than
more
of
repeat
the
to
cities,are
the
is,throughout
now
of
States, more
they are
try,
coun-
most
as
might
thousands
many
this
of
veterir.ary colleges
utterly discarded,
notorious
in
it
sto])pingsthat
valuable
a
of
mode
different
stables
tar, turpentine, rosin
be
entirelyin
adopted, as
the
army,
throughout
all
rational
more
of water
British
of
to be laid aside
were
greasing
;
terials,
ma-
how
owner,
for
half
it
the
particularlythose
nearly rendered
or
twelve
years
unfit
old.
48
If this mode
the
adopted, witli
so
treating tlie
of
running
to
get
upon
about
called
mcl
tow
and
,
the
sensible
of sound
though they
will
and
frog ; by
organ
resuming
\j^
precluded.
that
the
use
as
and
the
It is
of blue
are
as
hereafter
so
by
on
its
in
re-
fetor
the
moderately
of
condition
the
to
duction
repro-
turpentine,and
the
common
for
a
way,
short
disease, by
time,
increasing
the
of
here
to remark
like violent
such
used
action
will be elFectual-
necessary
commonly
ioa
possibility
originalhealthy
vitriol and
coachman; through
the
means,
of matter,
highly
a
this dressing,
its
that
tar,
which
instead
horn
new
applied
encouraging the separativeact
sensible
forming
anxious
are
be
favourable
so
correct
may
the inflammation
of that
but
Whereas
horn.
not
can-
moves
applicationnot only re-
induces
is
frog
the
which, it
placed upon
thrush,
eventually exasperate
of the
cork
applications applied
all greasy
unless
plicatio
ap-
monly
of verdigris com-
oxymel
This
frog,which
tlioughno
people
as
in tar, be
stimulating quality, it
dom
sel-
concomitants
without
piece of
a
of the
fetor
the
if
the better.
much
; and
^Egijptiacnm,may
dipped
commended,
so
ground,
the
I have
should
we
the
of use,
be
can
dressing,the
some
piece of
quarters
healtliy.yet
remain
long
and
thrush,
a
pressure
nevertheless,
are
heels
of contracted
which
which, though rarely the
thrushes,
of lameness,
cause
establish,
to
generally
were
principlesof shoeing
earnestly endeavoured
see
feet
by
city,which
every
may
tringents,
as-
groom
stop for
44*
a
wliile the running of
suddenly,
so
eyes, and
without
the
tlie owners
shall
of the
proceed
now
and
uses
for years,
function
long
even
until
frog for
the
and
groom
of this
after
the
his
all horses
to
whether
to
say, that
and
affected with
for
But
the
stable.
the heels
of
them,
to the
middle
have
confracti(^n
horse
treads
his
bad
still every
and
his
to
humours."
do
fine
de-
But
from
cleft
natural
expansion
heels
receive
on
unfit
shoeing,
their
particularly,there
more
a
rendered
of
o"
or
9
the
a
lateral
hepce
is in
degree
when
especially
ground;
turn
re-
which
opening, by
state,
the
to feet
occasion
often
they
they
occur,
mode
injudicious
the
frog
in the
they
are
treatment
the
patent
it is natural
"that
which
horses
explain this
of
entirely
thrush;
thrushes
lameness
the
to
remained
take
beneficial,I will only under-
whenever
from
.
of the
and
off the
or
service,both from
and
establishment
extremely trouI)lesome, hut
prove
tenderness
which
tell you
drain
to
singularorgan,
country will attempt
v/ay, and
salutary
only
not
in the
general idea
introduced
of contraction
cure
causes.
more
have
to
Coleman
Mr.
jockey
it in
give a
to
veterinarycollege,appears
unnoticed
the
knowing
ever
entirelyuseless,
animal
poor
of the
foot, which
of the whole
canker
renders
eventually
We
often
diseases
occasion
frequently to
as
very
thrush, evidentlydoes it
the
the
when
45
jieprivedof
perform
in detached
and
that
tenderness
when
which
its
foot, and consequentlysubjectsthe
frequently brought
too
bad
health
for
being
horses
pampered
or
with
whose
in those
large, neither
at
range
met
known
ever
in
the
With
to
CURE
Where
cured
but
to
those
respect
OF
it has
to
lameness,
neglect and
air and
as
organ
lar
regu-
for
any
diseases
countries
they
among
coolness,
kept
other
dom
sel-
in
horses
frequently
so
labouring
hoofs
whose
wet
and
;
which
to
where
the
to
be
horses,
are
so
in
moisture
publiccities.
to the
THRUSHES.
ELW^YJJVG
been
by removing
give the frog
this
regular, and
frequentlyexposed
comparison
are
country
is
exercise
horse
the
frequently subject,are
too
are
remains^
part of
Fresh
like other
thrushes
running
solidity
;
essentially
necessary
as
preservation of
and
its proper
after
slothful
the
of the groom.
management
exercise
by
on
to
that
and
fallingoff
proper
ever
touches
substance
hard
any
restored
acquires
pressure,
hence
until
pieces,never,
natural
wasting
covering which
its external
of
that
producing
consequence,
rottenness
to
function, and pain and inflammation
id proper
the
are
frog ceases
sensible
the
this pressure,
pressure,
of
long standing,it
the
first cause,
and
when
cannot
which
be
is to
sound, keeping the
48
"
feet cool
and
the
time
by
same
of
way
having
admit.
In
and
at
the very
the
round
the
pastern joints. It
a
make
which
be used
must
it
the
burnt
alum
burnt
charcoal
on
the
their
the
ihe
malignant
pulverised
such
made
there
formation,
:
which
from
but
of
and
of
white
as
of
part.
has
been
which
were
respect
the
tion
disposivery
be
mildest
the
blue
before
the
much
to
the
sprinkled
nature'
establishment
of
on
of
perplexityfrom
of
that
indefatigableattention
we
es-
together with
entertained
professor Coleman,
plied,
ap-
vitriol,,
difficultyattendant
a
then
must
radish, and
horse
In
its
should
become
and
or
advised,
; and
in
charcoal
consist
veterinary college,created
views
body
soapy
treatment
before
equal quantities mixed
of
diseased
thrushes,
of
a
canker
of
as
in canker,
dressing to
powders,
eharotic
such
so
of
mode
of
such
in
necessary
when
from
hollow
it is either
the habit
become
discharge
heels, and
the
means,
to correct
foetid, poulticesof
and
often times,
another
tcrrainate
to
as
frog,but
greasy
clammy,
proper
have
already
discharge of
is therefore
renders
; and
necessary
and
will
temkrnesss
only
distinction, for
a
consistence, thick
grease,
a
degree of
a
a
is not
protuberences of
to
case
its diseased
time,
same
remediesy
such
ajypropriating
the cleft of the
from
at
bleeding,purging, and
as
there
cases,
some
foetid matter
and
internal
to
recourse
frog, as
the
to
;
and
simple plain water,
revulsion, suck
duiretie medicines
pressure
with
moist
are
happy
and
ease
dissearches
re-
in say-
48
cool state
frog,
and
made
sensible
a
of
the
resortingto
grooriis
the
common
of
this
of
much
so
London
only
to
from
It
is
shoeing,the
use
cause
of
wet
increase
which
stand
on
reason
the
and
but
litter is
that
of
rimning thrush,
of
to
as
the
to
bad
well
through
heels
and
inclined
to
and
admit,
plank
otlier
is generally
litter is
frog
account
thrush,
next
be
wet
the
ders,
glan-
and
which
of
one
any
litter, on
or
at
evidently the grand
contraction
applicationof
pavement
tried
even
eyes,
the
horses
the
accurately
so
exp'^riments
of
the
it is
exceedingly
been
now
evident
therefore
will hesitate
one
that
must
become
lungs
the
alteringthe condition
surely no
for
the
stand
veterinary coileges, not
should
Now
that
doubt,
has
Dublin
with
connected
horses
the
putrefactive fermentation
various
of
of
most
contraction, which
productive of contraction,
quarters.
in
foot
guard against; for, if
to
which
inflammation
excessing
this
of the
and
diseases.
even
or
tribute
materiallycon-
must
wet, it must
engendered in it,
ascertained,
letting their
litter,
upon
hot, in consequence
be
of
city
importance
the
be
can
the
practice adopted by
the least
litter be
that ^\iil preserve
means
accelerate
to
hoof, yet few
necessity of adopting
tlie
day
the
through
the
condition.
this desirable
Now,
of
capable
hoof,
before
as
of its
yet
served,
ob-
acrimony,
as
contraction;
the
day sljould
of the
stable
which
49
be
should
this
by
importance
more
stables
and
ffeees,)
as
by
which
it
means
of any
as
litter, also
lays them
that sudden
more
pose
pur-
of the
feet, as
tlie
thrush,
day
the
the
to
open
sides
be-
But
through
of their
infiammatioa
of the
waste-
to
run
stand
that
to the
expediterunning
practiceof lettinghorses
straw,
being permittedto
of
contraction
the
and
produce
to
instead
the
receptacle,
proper
a
ihe
constructed,
now
appropriated
litter, or
the
with
than
are
into
be
can
contributingto
well
Europe
urine
compost,
itself with
mix
in
of
purpose
with
farmer
the
to
off the
to carry
so
of which
(theadmixture
urine
the
less imbued
being
would
litter
tlie
as
fitted for
less
of i(s
account
on
animals
is of
be the
means
manure,
and
swept clean,
attack
on
of
feet,called
FOUJS^DER,
from
gradual
contraction
of the
in its progress,
and
attendant
it. For
slow
litter affords
and
upon
to
sudden
heels
quai'ters,it is
and
consequentlyso
the
depends upon
that
in the
soft cushion
feet,
(independentof
tliem
less
the
render
heat) must
a
speciesof founder,
chronic
that
distinguished
be
be observed, is to
it must
Which
capable
battering upon
hard
of
ness
lame-
which
the
the
affair of
bearing
lent
vio-
roads, during
long journey.
And
by
way
of
this fact, it
illustrating
iDiproperto remark,
that it is
no
very
may
uncommon
not
be
cir-
59
eumstance,
at
cool,
a
which
during
grass,
upon
for horses
even
with
time
well
as
that have
elastic
as
all
founder, in
some
of
course
have
they
surface,
their
the
the
and
the
the
five
anterior
hundred
posterior
of
surface
with
contribute
to
scarcely
are
while
of the
horse
sensitive
circumstance
and
violent action, the
which
When,
the
for
to
the
to
not
Having
founder,
death
therefore
I shall
with its
are
and
so
which
both
utmost
the
tent,
ex-
account
on
voluntary motion
in the
surface
of
therefore, these elastic
hoof, are
called upon
under
perform
sudden
to
inflammation,
uncojnmonly
part and the
surrounding
their
separation,frequentlyoccasions
hoof, and
bone^
frequentreception of shocks,
time been unaccustomed,
so'jie
produces that high active
on
rounding
sur-
support of the animal^
described,
before
they have
his
tacked
at-
road,
coffin
other,
springinessof
he treads.
the
to
each
the
of
fibres within
the
is at grass,
grazing, the
which
upon
the
hard
hoof, which
the
stretched
ever
gentle nature
of
act
much
a
laminee
horny
intimatelyconnected
so
of
surface
be
to
lamin8e
sensible
hundred
five
trod
feet, after
four
being suddenly rode a great distance on
especiallyduring hot and dry weather.
For
time
been
ends
which
running
the cast
of the
in mortification
of
of the animal.
entered
so
far
on
the
subjectof
together
proceed to give its true definition,
M
Causes, best mode
And
that
made
this
THE
that
in
a
very
TEEJl
fixed
or
is
by
most
whether
he
is
really so
for want
of
who
wrote
understood
or
making
the
on
a
proper
dark
the
and
committed
in
so
many
if
practice to
fine horses
the
in the
shows
legs,he
foundered,
according
word
founder^
between
consult
we
te
ferent
dif-
authorB
the establishment
find
so
ruin
their
of
accounts
der
bewil-
to
more
any
convey
it is that
hence
be
distinction
imperfect,calculated
and
;
fore
is
the
shall
imagination than
the disease
by
subject,before
the veterinary college,we
Tery
; that
feet ; and
of the
diseases
not
or
horse
his
to
mined
deter-
any
a
of
people pronounced
is termed
what
motion
the
without
for, when
;
horses, and
lame
to
and
manner,
in
or
FOUJ\^J)EE,
meaning
impediment
any
defined
ountry*
c
vague
cure,
before
frequentlyapplied
indeed
and
treatment
principlesnever
on
public in
Is
of
perfectidea
errors
many
and
of
are
destruction
public cities
of the
of
United
States.
When
a
horse
shows
Leaves
much
is attacked
with
this
is
great restlessness,
at
the
strong quick pulse,and
hot
flanks, breathes
groans
much
disorder,he
and
feverish.
quick,
when
ways
al-
has
moved
a
52
about,
the
at
pain, sometimes
fore
feet
when
to
feet almost
under
his
but
This
he
much
lies down
but
;
himself
he draws
gether,
to-
his
heap, by bringingforward
a
his shoulders, in order
body as
disease has
and
one,
much
keep
to
from
possible
as
been considered
always
what
rendered
has
is, that farriers and
it for
and hence
ing
rest-
the grease
melted, and
no
sooner
than
appliedto
of them
; many
or
fat
failingdownwards
is the
ro
with
are
ble
incurathat
body
was
lameness
this
;
plaint,
com-
immediately
are
supposedhumours,
to be made
soles
the
produced
blisters
and
parts,
thought
it) of
attacked
horse
wells
turpentine,"c.
stopping the
call
or
taken
mis-
chest,
or
to those
also
have
(as they
drain off the
also ordered
always
in death
usuallyterminated
tunate,
unfor-
more
have
applications
being made
has
lameness
others
it
structive
de-
most
a
affection of either the loins
an
their
the disease
tar,
both
frequentlyin
his fore feet.
on
and
of
threat symptoms
more
forwards
move
into
weiglitof
shows
reason
it were
as
the
in one,
for which
;
forced
hind
time
same
the shoes
are
hollow, so that boilinggrease,
appliedby
way
of
or
stuffing
feet,already pared
of the
to
the
quick.
It
is
disease
universallyallowed
proceeds
pavement,
this
we
from
too
stony ground and
may
add bad
that
the
violent
causes
exercise
turnpike roads,
shoeing,from
of this
upon
and
to
unequal pressure
53
weiglitof
tlie
bone, and
with
the
from
pressure
horse
stand
to
also
often
occurs
time, and
then
stable
unable
ly
fall into
frequently
*
this
the
and
that
I
from
of
this
have
for
many
with
judgment
the
so
could
have
to
as
I must
cause
cause
endeavour
from
stomach
the
power
lacteal
in the
the
circulation
a
giv.ng" in im*
hesitate
of
to
being,
confess
opinion.
same
had
have
velerlnarp
subject
this
on
But
diseases, "c,
tion
have
warm.*
influence
not
the
of suffering
'C
respecting horses, their general treatment,
of the
quantity of cold
a
quent-
cons
water,
the
do
of
I
(juite
are
when
nor
had
I
warm
a
opinions and
subject,and
large
much
times,
which
into
some^
whose
home,
of the
for
It
It, I believe, also
food
been
conversations
reflection, seen
came
snow
opinion among"
And
years
highly estimate,
I very
water.
mo
inju"!icious
neither
that
disease-
J. Tomlinson
Mr
cold
feet
tbe
di'ink too
improper
at
cause
several
the
contact
of the feet
and
coiRn
permitting th"
animal
g'enerallyreceived
a
qualitiesand
sole
into
inflammation.
from
practitionersin England,
propt-r
go
the
change,
of
to eat
been
has
It
then
capillary vessels
occurs
horses
and
to
in
coming
riding through
bringing
state
a
and
after
bear
to
stones,
snow,
small
the
:
the
on
below
sole
horny
bodies,
the
pressing on
above
animal
the
hard
two
horny sole, pressed between
the
upon
to
over
water
of
to
candidly confv
his
to
value
to
reflect and
ascertain
the
that
I have
also
have,
seriously to investi^-ate
a
into
thereby
rious
se-
on
which
if possible,whether
feeding, or
thrown
ss,
arguments,
suddenly diecking
system, and
through
tendency
me
line,
Lancaster
sudden
from
check
while
tlje atomach
a
return
heighten considerably
of
the
to"
hot,
of the circula*
preventing
capillary vessels
sion
disten-
the
return
a
of
feet, could
disease
-
by tyr^.-
"4b
All these
fever
miiisc of the
be
intestines,
when
the
in
the
of
food
or
have
be
given
ease
from
may
cailed
various
Toboration
mert-
%bere
ly state
wi^ich
valves
the
p(;Wtrr of
have
food
(at the
causes,
however,
of tht
other
it is well known
water
influence
the
founder
and
same
more
the
of
time,
than
that distension
and
sels
ves-
and
times
some-
likewise
have
guts, the
teal
lac-
stop the
quently,
conse-
from
either
of the
return
if so, it
turn
re-
lation,
circu-
can
ly
easi-
improperly or imprudently
greatlyacceleratingthe
I say that
the
probabilityof
circumstances
upon
smaller
stomach
feet,and
the
thereby stopping
the extremities,
the
of the
commoa
food
with
of the
stopping the
capillaryvessels
why
and
chyle
thing pressing
distances, which
of
with
larger than
lacteals
on
direction
sole to distend
e
powtr-
find
largeas
not
cause
of t
intestines
the
for
feet
count
ac-
of the
we
circulation,and
several
at
T can
in every
as
capillaryarteries
have
some
abdomen
distended
are
sensible
distensiun
other
any
the
not
not
course
the
may
accounted
many
colon
and
the
from
the
are
extremities
same
with
through
the
found
be
to
from
the laminae
blood
water,
a^d
impede
course
The
also
why
which
fluid,distended
white
body, of
stomach
conimunicalion
of the
way
lymphatics,
there
of the blood
return
veins
in the la"
colon, is very
and
stomach
parts
time
same
the
to burst.
of
contents
and
some
in the
surrounding
a
whole
lacteals
are
arteries
it must
water,
the
only rational
a milk
cireuUiting'
at
q'lills,
as
the
case,
long-slender pipes, surrounding
lymph. They
them,
t
with
be
dissecting,to
smallest
ed
accustom-
stoppage naturallyproduces
particularlythe
more
fully supplied
goose
the
it,is this
horse, but
or
not
foot.
If this should
the
this
inflammation
for
body, and
of
is
horse
a
regular exercise.
his
or
powerfulwhen
more
in full habit
plethoricor
to
are
causes
of
founder
latter) as
the above
analogy
a
originates
further
statement,
in other
of t)iestomach
dis"
cor-
IwiB
diseases,
has thi" e^
60
THE
Therefore,
CURE,
be commenced
must
circulation, giving slabs
by diminishingthe
with glistersand
internally,
opening diet, together with
an
the
followingemollient
poultices:
Linseed
pulverised,
Meal
flower,
or
Mixed
Or
meal
with
an
of
mashed
beneficial
very
abominable
to that
to
no
of
have
the
perspirationthrough
the
tributes
pores
other
any
give relief
to
or
cannon
or
meticarpal
vein
side of the pastern joint,or
deeply
"p
feet
sugar
rubbed
eases
in
in their whole
water,
warm
of lead,
round
attended
or
foeaf
which
the coronet,
with
the most
more
frog
pare
that
down
and
found
on
with
a
the
each
lateral cartilages
puttingthe
either
ther
whecon*
bfeeding from
; and
1 have
order
this nature,
runs
extent,
sal amnsoniac
sole and
in
to
is all that is necessary.
scarifyingthe
diluted
up
resort
nothing
cause,
than
keep
effect,by increasing
In all violent inflamr.ationsof
this
be
to ; to
sole
the
to
to
are
to
recourse
the desired
poulticemay
They
the
some
found
soften and
paring
surface
the
from
ounces.
have
means
frequently had
so
the hardened
away
effects.
the hoofs,
practice of
excess
15
potatoes with
vinegar,I
equal perspiration,but by
that
ounces,
-
with
all round
appliedwarm
10
vinegar.
moistened
be attended
-
-
poultice made
a
linseed
with
up
-
vinegar,
mild
in ail
foot
blister
desperate
heueiicial effect.
57
There
far
is however,
relates
as
^evelopement, holds
and that chronic
fatal in
more
of art
is from
have
what
us,
that is, that
and
of its
much
imprisonment within
i^ its
this,for
of
want
structure
in
red from
contraction.
and
a
natural
pick out
colt whose
a
years, has been
of
be that
conflned
two
a
the
to
which
have
may
let any
and
chieflyin
whose
the
one
go
and
labours
mons
com-
or
twelve
other
shall
have
been
the
macerate
the difference of structure.
possessionseveral
be examined
the
on
till ten
cityand turnpike roads,
my
that has suf-
one
country, the
work
pected
sus-
shall be the foot
one
work
igno-
have
never
terial
ma-
of the difference of
Now,
examine
in
knowledge
feet, the
those
though
bone, and
two
experiment!,
hoof, undergoes a
coffin
habits
horse
feet and
I
his
tricate
in-
itself in consequence
structure,
a
this, has
and
interesting
this
the
of
Mr.
suspected before
anatomy of the foot, would
l^ant of the
observe, in the
into bone.
publicby
made
it is
as
originalelasticity,
as
the coffin bone
alteration
Peal
its
of
profound investigation
proves
incurable,
converted
so
acute
quarters ; this
or
in corroboration
not
subjectwas
of
and
become
was
and
sometimes
heels
it to
Bracy Clark, however,
shown
approach
hetween
its nature
to restore
parts which
so
always accompanies
of the
professorsColeman
as
power
his
which
and
two,
or
its
mean
which
inflammation
of founder
not,
of
sort
a
less contraction
or
kind
day
a
occupied in
the time
to
which
speciesof founder,
a
at any
of
these
bones,
time, and by any
one
I
58
desirous of
the fact,to
investigating
selves how
this
those
erroneous
subject;
ideas
eonvince
formerly
visit for that purpose
a
would
tlicinon
were
amply
ward
re-
their trouble.
A
of
representation
of structure, will
want
horses
of
to the
bones, and their difference
exhibit
sufficiently
in
success
these
feet
restoringthe
meadows
with
a
the
view
of
cause
our
by sending out
of
opening their
heels 5 and the great change that shoeingproduces.
The
show
general figurethat
how
materiallythey have
of its surface
the sides of the
by
the powers
from
nearlyupright;
has
his ten years
wide
by
experiments to
ful collection of
ragged
in
there
general may
can
oval,
be
no
of
or
B. Clark
Mr.
these
ascertain
all round
cells and
the bone
now
a
rabolic
pacome
befiguration,
con-
during
facts,the
a
beauti*
mission
cavities,for the ad-
veins, arteries,nerves,
of
have
crescent,
slopinghave
partially
been termed
exhibits
know
a
beautiful
tliis exquisitely
patiloba,which
People
suffered, the organization
absorption,become
figure,and
exhibit,will
obliterated;
being almost perfectly
bone, from
of
bones
these
"c.
not, but
well
physiologists
regenerationor
restoration
of
parts so altered.
It is the
causes
absorptionof
the bone t" become
this beautiful
too small
structure, that
for the whole
of
S9
tiie cavity of the hoof;
and
of horn
large for
too
when
brought
foundered.
expand
such
is
But
being
on
feet
back
into
depends partly on
the
livingparts
within
and
the
the
again
find that
we
the
the hoof, and
partlyupon
place in
takes
contrac-
induced
has
shoe
horse
circurastamce
the
on
the
ing
dry-
horn, and
the
it is therefore
undergo
a
that
proved,
sensible
from
ought, as
Mr.
professor Peal
be the less
surprisedat
soft and
operation of
keeping the
about
elastic
the
the
upon
be
and
the
parts within
same
advantages
expected
that I
that takes
will
that
in the
should
paring and preparing the
of grass
is determined
restoringthe
feet
of the auimai*
or
on,
result
the
either
some
feet when
for the
sisted
in-
from
bath, it may
give
to
place iit
hoof, from
the
we
observe,
Having therefore
cause.
feet immersed
and
alone,
this power
change
bone
in its size
diminution
in its structure,
Clarke
coffin
the
alteration
of
feet do
at the quarters.
consequent loss of elasticity
does
run
some
when
; which
stable
the
shrinking,which
Since
the
termed
previous dispositionto
of
use
that
to
put
some
grass, yet
contract
the
tion, which
to
out
begin to
soon
brought
turned
horse
and
footed, by
notwithstanding
becomes
the
meadows
the
convex
pomme
posed
being com-
within, and
bone
from
up
becomes
work
altered
the
therefore
bone, expands and
of
not
hoof
the
rally
natu-
tion
direca
long
purpose
the general constitution
b^^nefiting
In these
respectsI
trust i bare
60
explainedmyself
sufficiently
will however
shoeing;I
on
if I
of
the foot of the
that when
repeat
it to health
and
eiim,
the
by
; and
level
to
you
give it, the
For
experience, which
bearing with
long since, by
convinced
is to be
less you
the
that
us
the animal
convinced
add
were
But
the
shod
dear
from
testimony
which
their
lest it may
be
get it into
has
with
shoe, the
^Mgifptia-
of
grown
the
ground,
more
pressure
alone
all, could
decide
speculativeopinions,has
or
by
and
Mr.
permanent
driven
time,
any
B.
Clark,
advantage
case
where
pavement
on
and
we
are
for
now
beingfrequentlyproductiveof
well
did not
placed in
frog
restore
bought experience, reluctantly
of its
as
in four
I tlierefore
mel
practice in
length of
by inducing fresh
parts,
our
decisive
has been
infinite mischief,
stated
the
lectures
will find it inclined to disease.
of
from
considerable
the
experiments made
no
obtained
the
after
falsehood
or
he
decreased,
in contact
come
on
the truth
and
so,
and
a
repeat the text,
till you
pressure
more
is combined
applicationof
when
sufficient size
say
wlien
frog becomes
the
publication
the frog pressure,
give partial
that state
to
cannot
whole
horse) the
words, genthmen ghe
any
(and I
worthy professor Coleman,
my
on
first
till doomsday, than
write
to
were
add
in my
from
has
derangement
exist
new
wliat
in such
of
been
the
feet before
before
living
they
predicament.
supposed,that
getUerthe plan of turning horses
I
out
reprobate altoto
grass
with*
61
shoes
out
it may
that
with
few
a
days
or
provided
case,
ground,
whole
be
wise
their
getting
well
into
point,
refrain
to
be
might
the
result
commonly
too
In
it
tshoeing, let
is sure,
it may,
of
elastic
piece
an
it may
as
though
never
the
end
practised
fixing
horn,
appear
never
that
comes
of the
in
later
or
an
a
the
to
foot
its
to
fifth year,
week
a
evils
the
which
noticed
horse
evil.
an
piece
of
occurred
in
to
many,
becomes
or
size
a
be
of
state
a
to
ple
sim-
It should
lives.
la
ii-on
whiclj
growth
it then
that
principle
circumstance
proper
be
not
stable, which
produce
unelastic
the
it
whatever
on
all their
of
exists
ordinary practice.
perhaps
horses
which
shoeing, I
on
of
dealing
understood
be
sooner
consequence
the
work
former
my
from
ever,
If how-
for
the
mitigating
of
means
prevent
crust.
would
to
return
provided
to
shod
the
upon
on,
prejudice
them
swampy
not
of the
removed,
having
their
and
enough
edge
and
be
from
after
days
ten
the interior
cannot
low
out
in this
even
remain
often
tliem
remove
them
keep
it would
shoes
leagues,
col-
nay
occasioiialiy
; and
into
whether
to let the
to
only
turned
are
popular opinion
this
on
to
weeks
of
to
recourse
it is intended
horses
more
other
many
had
few
a
douhtful
be taken
the
be
it is
care
with
when
advantage,
for
or
admit
I
on,
ture
na-
until
perfect
6S
circle, and
to
broad
as
in
latp years
is
wliich
do"ie
much
now
long
this absurd
use'iess
third
one
them
satisfaction,I
the
among
their
period ;
this
much
"^0,
as
that
but
who
use
principleI
do
very
do in tb.ls country
see
upon
will
of
able
ed
renderhave
they
do not
ed
assign-
with
began
thus,
world,
how
but
England,
turnpike roads,
Let
me
but
learn
now
ask
in
a
vail
pre-
who
lue
va-
until
that
inculcate
to
cry
out,
it will not
"c."
their eyes
is tliis done
more
to
tipsonly, until
endeavoured
and
some
them
shoe
have
well in
rived
ar-
ohserve,^ that
to
years
always keep
tx" deafness.
of
of thousands
tens
existence
with
inclined
are
its perfect
ruined, or
them
listen
the
by
attained
before
some
now
people unwill:"igto
reason
age ;
possible,but people immediately
may
unwilling to
of
enlightenedin England,
more
horses, and
fifth year,
the
place
for
has
at
is however,
It
in this
am
politicsystem
more
period
Providence.
by
shod
shapes
and
are
long
the
and
it is in consequence
country
owners
particularly
and
many
fooi; has
the
practiceof
the
years
tliat thousands
in this
their
to
in
symmetry:
practice
of horses
of
heel
from
as
work
to
three
diseases
before
and
shape
at
before
many
on,
away)
put
are
sometimes
means
brought
who
to heel
England (though there
this country, horses
three, and
as
heel
toe.
Whereas,
in
from
People
shut, and
are
always
those
people
many
parts
in
particularly
India^
6-i
ill the
working
those
I
that
if all horses
that
before
and
rasp
in
might
i. action
nine
until
their lives
out
useless
before
cases
out
least
at
of ten
foot in
(his
of
ull guperfluGus parts
you
knife, you
work,
own
and
would
not
instead
fence
of
by
assist
thereby
do.
the
her
;
using
afforded
most
the
by
"
ihe
It
is also
India
tips odIv.
well
company
known
are
no
that
now
performing
cutting you
alter
a
her
nature,
invite
round
the
edges
a
rasp
for
plausiblereason
shoe,
growing, and having
in
of
instead
rasp
also
rasp,
the
fore
there-
by cuttingyou
horn, which
The
the
off
throws
exfoliation:
nature,
hy
whereas
of
use
cause
cutting,be-
work,
own
sideration
con-
that is,that
wants
natural
a
cut, but
never
(hereby disease
the growth
her
performing
year.
into
to be taken
never
almost
tenth
reasoning,and
nature
nine
of which
their
attained
con-
period of
rendered
and
argument
one
without
natural
the
years) instead
four
reconcile
nature
if
third
one
kept
foot
the
period,
that
of ten, be
have
they
state
a
until
fields
in the
entirelyabolished
knife
the
large
tipsonly, if worked
with
contracted
are
is however,
to
a
used
(say twenty
horses
There
only
at
AU
roads.*
I will maintain,
that
run
old, (or shod
period,)and
that
the
left to
were
until five years
turnpike
on
tiiis,and
is
for
contend
city or
is this, that
the
means
from
cutting
the
parts of the hoof
oi'
the British
wearing
j^overnment,
raising regiments
of
de-^
are
away
as
well
it
as
eavalry,with
65
removed
must
be
The
sole
before
being held
firm
wall, its flakes have
themselves,
knife
will
and
and
the
undergo
the
the
other
from
of
of
with
and
a
smooth
as
well
a
superior knowledge
to the
would
as
conception they
only
they
do.
As
remarked,
it grows
as
to
thin slic
slewer
so
s
where
the
ground
great
only
growth
can
a
would
seldom
wall of the
there
rapidly as
and
is
when
in
; but
when
a
people
nature
often
state
for its
in many
of nature,
be removed,
and
the
the
horses
be
wear
and
shod, it looses
wall, and
as
hoof, it should
degree,that
thaii the
so
it
mind"
imitate
demand
a
smith
own
if
ein*
that
on
fashion
in their
to follow
respects the
that
exi"osedto
power
be contented
knife^
themselves
; whereas
receive
possible,they
as
formed
have
the
the
Almighty,
the
to
should
figureit
near
; and
sembling
re-
cutting
smith
people in general arrogating to
as
of the
projecting
invites
be
would
it otherwise
ing
shoe-
cheese,
the
by
the
an
consistence
hard
or
sliced
more
The
day.
polishedsurface,
and
than
account
of
late
with
met
frog, its
leather
it to be
causes
this
the
before
reasoning,
commencement
to
with
being pared,
better, has
us
even
appearance
that
this
the
perhaps
art,
and
;
taught
acquiescence
solid
discipline in
parts
should
tlie smiths,
say
the
stances
artificial circum-
these
course,
with
removing
want
under
frogof
same
experiments
opportunity ol:*discliarsi;ing
also
;the sole thickens
the
eiijhraoing
nails
the
b;v'
the
not
applied again*
be
llie shbe
this
a
few
frog being of
heels
clesin^
^.^i
66
from
its circulation
compression,
the
and
of
faihire
the
its
often
oblong figure
we
the
consequences.
necessary
those
rags
shall
then
in truth
natural
a
and
of
until,
run
its
from
the
a
and
moist
their
edges,
create
ragged
a
removed
and
to
the
it too
by
they by
so
tender
this
a
as
many
only
few
cuts
more
months.
is
been
come
and
contracting
back
and
being
also
turn
or
this
sensible
and
and
than
diminished
hard,
with
nature
as
hai'd
smiths
abominable
mischief
nearer
frog underneath)
frog flayed
of their
in
dries
quickly
reflect
ia contact
for
exposed, it being
one
brittle
left
its exterior
deeper incision, getting
driy,
the
taken
once
and
time,
at
intended
slice
imprudent obstinacy of
minutes, do
few
to
scales
or
has
appearance,
the
we
frog
of the
frogs
in
nature
stable, ^c,
quick (or
its size, becomes
be
that
drying,
and
state, is evident,
nature,
uneven
cutting,till
ut each
and
in
anotlier
by
nearer
the
are
what
see
rags
animal
the
this
succulent
lieat of
to
interior
the
and
air
a
at
part
no
heathy
time
ragged
formed,
are
is affected,
feet
now
us
cutting
found
if
But
this
more
eracks
m
the
near
removed,
coat
sound
a
that
are
there
shoeing, if
devciopcment
away
*if
or
they
always
it is almost
so
eommeneement
to
in
frog
Let
That
not.
or
and
in contracted
whether
see
health
growth
see
how
and
are?
is necessary
on
so
and
in
to
der
ren-
bodies
5
general,
buttrass,
caa
ia
in
a
repair
6r
There
frog
which
nature
to
of
of
before
laying
those
things,
of, and
which
claims
I
wiJl
will
a
however,
improving
art,
considerable
hoprd
biped
that
as
will
stand
the
test
branch
by
as
the
this
of
;
attempt,
a
quadruped.
better
the
wa"
of
is
treatment
quiry,
in-
by
shoeing
although
it
I
utility
public
It
city.
yet
this
to
this
far
of
in
attempt
my
in
covery
dis-
the
or
how
sufferer
lead
frequent
seen,
improvement
\ull
possession
be
prove
of
made
shoeing
wanting
time
well
of
but
knowledge
a
views
1
soon
it
cannot
much
so
far
how
which
when
doubt
the
dition
ad-
of
sort
the
for
of
view
in
many
to
system
new
no
and
correct,
to
made
objects,
new
introducing
account
opportunity
are
we
to
experiments
useful
most
knowledge
already
have
of
of
the
the
been
general
a
j
Clark,
this
me
of
growth
late
and
the
effoit
an
Bracy
studies
public,
being
stock
the
to
the
as
of
and
gives
as
only
of
superfluous
years
their
public,
is
its
Coleman
of
part
exfoliations
this
many
professor
the
before
but
of
for
has
that
bring
herself
rid
times
at
place,
take
it
Indeed
wish
however,
are
yet
I
am
to
of
a
be
th"
PROPOSALS
FOR
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
FOR
IMPROVING
IN
ON
the
it
Briti$h
with
the
third
spectlully
union,
ail
part of
the
our
of the
in
invite
or
a
national
these
any
the
and
formTdable
useless
so
many
public cities, long
natural
period
induces
different
the
and
quainted
unac-
tency
incompeeases
dis-
the
diseases^
of
these
before
the
of existence
the
signed
as-
autlior
re-
agriculturalsocieties
respectable body
societyfor
sals
propo-
those
practitionerson
many
portance,
im-
of its views,
ignorance
extreme
by Providence,
to
of
author
statement
render
or
in
being generally
not
acceptable offering to
horses, and
one
ibemselves
short
greater
them
"f the
a
gal,
Portu-
India,
public utility,or
it. The
animals
of
LONDON,
Spain,
Germany,
really is, the
an
destroy
noble
OF
tliis kind
such
that
be
objects may
of
THE
AT
France^
of
of
conceives
of
SYSTEM,
COLLEGE
and
be
to
which
STATES,
ESTABLISHEU
establishment
as
end
KOW
Scotland,
Russia,
known
ART
differentTeterinary colleges of England,
Ireland,
An
SHOEING
THETJiriTED
VETERINARY
at
FORGES,
COLEMAN'S
AS
And
VETERINARY
THE
PROFESSOR
ROYAL
THE
of
to
men,
establishment
"f
form
forges
69
of this branch
and for the improvement
and
science
iiary
provide
to
,
the
the
practitioner of
tific
direction
and
be
to
for
this
controul
ing
carryscicn-
a
under
veterinary art,
of
men
with
effect,in conjunction,
into
same
smitlis
good workmen,
and
respectablecharacters
of the reteri-
whose
shall b*
establishment
conducted.
The
only
these forges,is
grand objectof establishing
to
founder
to which
on
all
from
smiths
invited
the
the horse
branch
by which
;
of
invited
and
anatomy
where
cured
themselves
physiologyof
no
Sensible
Mve
result
by
and
country
open
States,
of the
regular and
of the
and
domestic
dispersed
students
useful
also
in the
the horse, and
their
to
will be
hood
neighbour-
which
obtaininga knowledge
anatomy in this
way,
the young
in the
by learning
administer
scientific aid
advantages
will
foot of
they reside, by receivinginstruction
.
to
to
private lectures,
this useful
perform operations and
to
and
United
functions
Medical
ples
princi-
true
graduallybecome
union.
to render
where
how
the
subject,)but
eiiy
receive
means
science, may
throughout
the
and
anatomy, economy
is
the
which
to
of
parts
formidable
most
shoeing art,
attend, and
to
the
disseminate
instruction,
of
(fiveof
the
of
thrushes, canker,
corns,
foot of the horse
and
practice
school
be
the
introduce
to
and
a
prevent
contraction,
and
diseases
also
and
cure
not
cines,
medibe
can
may
pro.-,
be made
of compara-
student may
witk-
disparagement
"ut
useful
a
country
we
;
will be in
cloud
that
then
fair way
a
of
of
part
that in
world,
few
a
Such
tkie United
thousand
many
be
might
expense
who
sets
a
value
pleasureor
objects of
as
importance,
motives
into consideration,
this nature
failure
in this
of
an
city.
such
made
to
a
interests
men
attempt
the
the
with
to
their
the
form
be
sary
neces-
every
and
one
for
mestic
dotriotic
pa-
ty
prosperi-
of
the
dices
preju-
smiths, grooms
to frustrate
was
small
a
establishment
clash
on
at
also be taken
likely to
most
are
saving
froju
who
It must
of
titioner,
prac-
profession.
concern
veterinary
to
a
unremitting
by
promote
country.
try
coun-
dog, whether
by tliose,
will endeavour
oppositionof
and
his
this
cavalry, and
public will
er
infringement
an
they
meut
who
British
will be
supposed
the
as
coachmen,
teblishment
that
be
may
well
as
and
of their
welfare
and
or
of
means
commercial
zealous
are
to his
scale, and
the
his horse
on
obscured
city,town
pffcct. lireat
hoped
it is to be
exertions
of
and
dispelled; and
be
the
small
a
full
it into
been
in the
on
patronage
to carry
a
his
things
profession in
do hoiiour
fine horses
the
:
these
States, but will boast of
lias
commenced
and
long
so
gradually
abilities may
dering
ren-
altogether ;
the
will not be
establishment
an
that
see
whi(*Ji has
wil'
there
years
whose
the
to
himself
to
of reformation
ignorance
the
villagein
The
hope
stigmatized the practice of
and
and
service
of
piece
may
profession,be hereby
his
to
think
the
quently
rights; conse-
its execution.
principalcause
such
es-
an
of
establish-
7S
instruction,
when
committee,
according
be
hereafter
be
patcntshoes,
punches,
fullers,
giving
will
and
smiths,
parts
worthy
of
from
as
and
entering
of
art
set
a
be
desirous
of
Dr.
model
the
seminating
dis-
for
branch
of
and
States,
raay
necessary
to
knives.
patent
for
Carver
ledge,
know-
their
application.
Country
desirous
United
the
nails,
sink
establishment
an
may
all
drawing
and
plan,
and
instructions
with
the
the
as
of
models
and
troduction
in-
an
veterinary
the
counter
to
useful
for
receiving
on
and
with
this
to
controuling
regulations,
them,
through
entitled
be
and
instruments
encouragement
this
uses
by
who
hammers,
subscribers
are
rules
the
to
established,
and
supplied
travelling
Gentlemen
ihoes,
such
to
shall
be
Carver,
college
of
shall
suggested
surgeon,
who
apply
course
such
Dr.
to
same
of
will
well
the
their
as
on
to
this
Searn
profession,
own
respectable
other
interests
of
branch
the
to
it
qualify
the
and
surgical
find
may
young
an
men
rian
veterina-
operative
object
themselves.
well
SUBJECTS
TAUGHT
BE
WILL
WHICH
RECEIVING
ON
*ir
of the
and
S.
which
4.
5.
can
6.
of the
a
founded
entertained
on
the
on
and
defined
that
Fitting
shoes
"
and
and
to
.how
of
things.
these
tlse
foot
being
follow
to
be
foot, but
natural
as
shoeing
shod.
they
arc
called,
out.
nature
as
near
out.
as
obtained.
driving nails, discretional
only, pointed
view
characters,
shoeing pointed
bad
principle only
of the
vavious
hy
principlesof shoeing,
Good
general
a
art.
knowledge
irrelevant
Various
:
shoeing
FORGE,
giving
its defects
of
Jiave
to
are
One
lecture
commonty
views
Ueasonings
examined.
VETERlXJlUr
introduetorj
causes
supposed
INSTRUCTION,
J^EW
nature
The
2.
art,
rilE
An
1.
SMITH,
EVEUY
TO
DEMONSTRATElJ
AND
cumstance
cir-
74
Tlie
7.
cd, with
of the foot after
difference
nine
of
scries
a
Y.
variety of
A
the
livinghorse, explained during
^he
college.
A
5.
descriptionof
in Avhich
tlieir true
the
nature
(not merely
as
10.
Of
the
elastic beds
and
of
repose
the
heels
for the
the
weight
of
at
horse,
lished,
to be estab-
foot, but
weight,)pointed
apparent
:
of the
is endeavoured
for
foot of
the
residence
my
for the exertions
non-resistingmachinery
and
on
hoof
foot and
defence
a
S.
experiments
different
curately
ac-
ing
after be-
shoe
of the
shod, by B. Clark, F. L. S. and
8.
for
experiments
years
effects
ascertainingthe
shoeing ohserv-
as
a
mal
of the aniout
offices of the
and
heels
plained.
ex-
as
animal, explained
the
pointed out.
11.
wliich
extraordinary state
The
does
fifth year,
12.
obtain
its full
the
basis
weight
of
the
foal's
foot,
until the
out.
is received
foot
the
developement
explained and pointed
How
the
over
not
of
and
distributc^i
exhibited, explained and
pointed out.
13.
Wall
of the foot described ; its
curious
termi-
75
iialioiiin the centre
dissection.
by
out
of the foot,
bars
The
explained and pointed
also
elastic processes
as
defined.
Of
14.
for
it
the
frogjhow
by nature,
demonstrated
and
the
by
An
part,
of
frog shown
The
own
Their
the
it from
20.
How
cuttingof
to
figure ;
and
undeseribed
dissection ; the rupture
and
reasons
cause,
possess
and
the
dissection.
pointed out
B.
the
as
Clark, V. S.
the
power
curious
of maintaining
doctrine
of
respect,pointedout.
in this
remarkable
that
frog
described
uses
hitherto
running thrush, by
shoeingsmiths
and
its
and
described
organ
its
19.
the cleft of the
frog stay described by
The
18.
the foot,
frog band, pointed out by
conoary
cause
liey-stoneof
dissection,
by
of that
real
provided
Also
frog and
extraordinary
the
17.
elastic
in the foot is
described.
of tlie
demonstrated
16.
the
space
dissection.
frog stay
Cushion
15.
as
a
for
cutting the frog explained?
interruption
pointed
ascertained
;
it unnecessary,
to
the
growth
of
out.
its causes
nearly
suggested,and
in all
cases.
the
The
76
tVcqucnt
natural
The
ragged frogs pointed out.
of
cause
frog,never
full grown
ragged
if
cut,
never
pointed out.
singulareifect
The
21.
its natural
with
scribed,
slioeingonthe frog de-
of
and
considered
exfoliations
explained.
T!ie
22.
ought
of
different
to receive
degrees
when
in
of
pressure
healthyaud
when
tJie
in
a
frog
state
disease, pointed out.
solc^its singularmechanism
The
23.
exhibited
by
dissection.
Tliiekens
2i.
and
disturbed
The
25.
Five
anterior
iliG latter
in its
and
horny
dissection.
the
and
by sljoeing,
plates
of
5"uri*ace of the eoHiu
each
the
sensible
also retarded
of
laniinfe described
the
of I'ic wall,
horn
to
former
five hundred
with
the
animal, proved by experiments
w
at
f
posterior
in contact
coming
support
by
surrounding
surrounding the
bone, and
othui', is shown
wall
growth bj shoeing,explained.
hundred
surface
the
with
hole
weight
of
the
veterinary
O'
26.
Tlic
ground;
Us^ natural
bearings
its
natural
fonu
at
of
(he
natural
hoof
exfoliations,"c.
ilve years
old,
as
on
the
pointed out;
broad
from
heel
77
from
to
heel
an
oblong;form
as
On
27.
heel to toe, also
in
standing in
entire destruction
On
28.
toe
shoeing
"
gether with
these
the
in
a
cloud
branch
art
to
of proper
has
shoeing
for
and
so
the
ble
sta-
to
veterinaryart
respectability.
%'
be
of
the
levelling
obt'";ined
"
the
nature
to-
of
explained
how
and
many
been
involved
"
With
";
on
"
examination
of darkness.
of the
for want
foot
of feet ; how
things pointedout
shoeing
it proves
neat
on
closer
a
stable ; how
management.
expanding
on
"
the
of the
and
treatment
of
never
of nature.
state
a
explained;
may
ages
conclusions
how
be drawn
from
why
this
tempt
con-
CONCLUSIOI^.
All
f
believe,
that
of
now
in
continue,
aud
shoeing,
shall
and
principles,
i'ui slave
for
be
to
evident
from
particularly
we
die
parts
time
same
surprise,
all the
to
see
public
the
the
generality
of
iv;norant
unwilii'
g
0
br
with
mortification
faitliuseless
it must
now
that
here
hoof
mentioned',
hitherto
of
union,
our
of
have
first
to
the
trouble
of
owuing
the
at
the
whom
pre-
create
lame
no
horses
rustic
principles
that
of
the
read
never
the
of
in
actually owing
those
of
even
and
we
to
it will
organ,
depravity
whom
those
committed
disi?ascd
many
if
and
of
when
functions
delicacy
;
of
is
it
obstinately
so
the
education
important
pit
this
for
important
the
has
cities
ignorance and
Uie
widiin
so
the
book,
the
coinpare
this
of
iervatjoa
of
new
fee(, originate. Indeed,
unfortunately
custom
binations
com-
introduce
now
diseases
the
their
by
premised,
shoeing,
city,
this
it will be
;
portant
im-
system
of
to
made
been
has
all
subjoin
able
be
to
bad
of
described
as
are
pleasure,
living horse,
of tije
foot
smiths
sufferings
and
contracted
and
cojisider
the
what
in, that
persisted
tlie
attempt
every
attempts
practice
abominable
they
labours
our
from
t he
while
this
upon
the
among
lessen
further
any
use
frustrate
to
while
that
subjeet is,
added
be
now
can
vuicans
their
of
horn
their
learning,
they need
to
art,
or
to
it, obst?
so
in
personal safety,have provided
to
respect
innocent
and
however
gross
to these
from
ill usage
much
of this ill usage
of the
disposition,
savage
about
employed
feeling,for
from
It
him, he should
when
especially
to
of
middle
that
in
a
mitigatedso
treble
is a
the
ced
far
very
render
to
his
for
power
us
to the
he
and
of the
even
to
all
casions
oc-
by
the
tion
extinclingly
wil-
society,
pleasuresof
serving
de-
poor, not
only necessary
have
go,
most
interests
justice,
in-
taken
cannot
class of
all I
off
to
here
is not
add,
said
only to
old age,
to
be
but that
advanced, capable of being
the
animal
useful
period he usuallyis, and
to
if this
double
tion
asser-
fact, I say it is a discovery of great magnitude
to the
owners
my
career
teaching the
readers
at
mode
that
the
of every
this
I first commenced
informed
he
of every
now
of
warded
as
and economy
When
It is
been
on
willingness
the wants
return
when
even
because
belief that contraction
preventedand
and
and
corroboration
strengthenthe
it is
great, the
the
ranks,
such
benefits
to the
does,
the
his feet has
wishes, even
our
condition
monstrosityof
a
itself;and contributingas
of life
pomp
of
patiencenor
miserable
strengthand
his
And
peopleusually
neither
recollect his
intimation
slightest
the
of
use
slaves,
the ill ten"per and
also
be abused
we
xert
i
unmerited.
have
seems
after the
that
and
failing their
them.
brings upon
beneficial
half drunken
them, who
the
often
from
eomes
tection
pro-
no
animal
professorColeman
curing
afflicted.
subjecton contraction,I
veterinarycollegeof
of
so
and
com
men--
London
by
preventingsome
of
81
formidable
the most
the liorse. And
I
thousands
even
therefore, by the
:
which
when
every
our
ends
other
by
the
preservation
then
I left
Mr.
you
horn,
and
free
hours
and
weather
theieby
elf, and
if you
she
and
of horse
from
or
cut
a
year,
of the
he-
rience
exp
the
where
and
to the
ons
sults
happiest re-
without
raising horses
foot
also
you
evil you
be
remembered
invite the
must
of
\\-.e buttrass, you
own
India
East
by abolishingthe knife, and
sliould
colls
used
not
of
mode
an
wisely does
substance
this
sixth
the
hor-
young"
able
honou.
guards,
of
prevented.*^
Field, veterinarysurg
Mr
fice,
suf-
number
a
hundred
under
mit,
per-
binders, and
and
the
HurtfordsLire,
commence
have
and
every
conjunction
in
and
several
saw
of
to the
access
bars
frog,
ment
the nourish-
shoeing,are
in
shoe,
immersion
three
only
the
tip only. It
begin to
once
with, but
I'^i
fifth
thei.
riisp and
the
in
segiments
experienced
shoes, until
on
of
myself
I
turns
re-
hundred
one
(his method
By
government
Bloxham
second
are
the
their stud
at
whtn
England
Tui"ingby
guidance of
using
or
of the feet to be both cured
company,
first and
simple
the
simple means
these
last
The
artificial
an
occasions
touching the frog
Befo'C
ges
of
hoof, Ims
the
saved
patent bar
the
for two
day, as
and
diseases
*
to
ply
am-
and
now
are
saving of
of
obtained.
are
natural
never
and
a
use
bath
water
a
day, or
with
been
complaint.
properly applied,and
feet in
that hundreds
all the purposes
answers
lias
that he
ally
regfment of cavalry,annu-
in every
twenty horses
the
in this
army
parliament, proved
to
and
have
of
foot
the
to
and
researches,
of horses
British
to the
in saying
liappj^
am
completed his
incident
diseases
frog and hoof by
necessity
leave
a
natural
of
growth
go
to
nature
by throwing off
work
that
all
traneous
ex-
exfoliation^
RECAPITULATION
OF
TREATMENT
AND
CURE
AND
If
frog, bars
the
level
with
the
with
neither
but
the
raising
bars
and
nature
altered
of
high
and
down
to
have
about
two
the
apply
horn,
after
if
of cork
no
make
thrush,
keep it
half
so.
in
the
the
a
; but
ten
or
level
if the
to
shoe,
frog
is
bath, but
and
are
them
rasp
elevated
If tlie
of
shoeing
inches,
bar
by
frog,
cutting
on
shoe
too
apply
it do
bad
comes
still remains
pressure,
to
then
clip thin heel
the
cutting
with
in contact
frog
the
fi-om
:
ravages.
eight
seven,
a
the
her
by
and
two
place
functions
commences
commence
or
takes
the
moment
heels
contact
expanding,
cutting
or
horse
a
the
contracted,
and
is
disease
and
age,
quarters,
pieces
and
in
a
on
tliis rule, either
pressure,
that
frog
the
ever
from
from
of preserving
always
thrush
deviate
you
careful
constantly
are
nor
from
frog
If however,
years
heels
you
binders,
are
consequently
contraction
tlie
be
let him
of
five years
or
binders, keeping
and
the
moment
four
liorse
young
shoe,
pressure,
and
there
THRUSH.
having perfect feet,
age,
even
a
FOUNDER
CONTRACTION,
OF
RUNNING
own
person
a
THE
the
Mith
frog
come
the
dry and
if not^
83
it sound
ilryand ^et
it
keep
before
college Egijptiacum
it. The
touch
at
time
the
is shod,
attention
the
to
of horses
may
ject of rasping
in the
residence
While
at the
college.
ther's, who
high
had
ten
of age
the quarters from
drawing
blood
flat
down
by
bear
three
pleasure on
weeks
horse
the
of
before
the
the
down,
as
far
was
every
by
heelsiwhich
was
could
be
permitted
and
raised
to
immersed
day
;
I found
the rasp, had
with
suffered
m
grown
contact
with
sufficiently
large
hitherto had
been
to
the
this the
was
u
to be
ne
the toe
iily f)n
at
the
by
a
his
nine
had
bars,
e, had
for two
about
In
which
prevented by
now
out
run
large and stfong
press
cut
were
heels
the
to
at
prevent
by
:
a
operation being
stable.
that
given
was
in the bath
-"fcontraction,
power
horse
which,
This
permit.
in
pressure,
promote
fa-
were
to
quarters,
from
my
heels, and
the
ground adjoining the
the
the
at
being sho
now
scarcelyvisil)le,
and
advice, the
walls
it would
as
feet
basis,just sufficient
grou' d, and
the
also, by being brought
grown
near
as
commencement,
quarters
were
of the
sion
immer-
duriag
whose
for
me
with
sub"
friend of my
a
by rasping
to the
contracted
of
to
thp
on
I mide
fine hunter
very
sands
thou-
States.*
advanced
gentleman,
a
I commenced
without
and
expanded
ing
as
apiece
from
:
hitherto
first experiment
a
button
upon
off square,
hours,
to
tle
lit-
a
months
quarters, in conjunction
Hampstead,
smith,
performed, the
or
saved
corronet
before
brought
cut
the
the
was
was
the
;
frog which
to
the United
purchased
years
few
every
and
simple rules,
be
contraction, applied
of
state
about
visit at
a
these
widened
shoe
to
be watched
a
the
i relate
moisture
subject,in
hee is und
the
baih,
on
by
the
of all that I have
In corroboration
*
suffer
you
shoeing, and
horse
application of the
of the heels should
expansion
every
the
by
derably
consi-
w--*ken-
and
;
which
the
frog
this time
level
with
the contraction
af
84
The
laid down
here
system
the feet, has, I
confident
am
derive
still exists
introduction
tlie
only
for
prolonged
animal
felt and
easier
in their
it is
stables
remedied,
and
and
influence
and
do
f
which
quarters. The
professorColeman's
then
a
level with
been
hu
t
that
the
d
being
;
one
carcelyto bear credibility.
same
lessen
to
respects
now
to
as
fit to
an.J
season
when
and
I left
we
soon
he
these
have
have
so
was
Bbod
brought tlie
England,
his feet
time
unlearn, for
rode,
be
and
the dominion
stables, that
learn
by
upon
the
patent clip shoe, which
hoc
!)r
to
have
1
gentlemen's servants
masters
fact
prerogaiive
same
in order
a
theless,!
never-
interest
own
the
eviJs, as
much
acted
parlours.At
niany
horse
their
maintain
me,
in their
so
means
to
growing
possess
no
frogo
haa
still be
is
what
liopes,that
with
in their
equally cleiir
enormous
with
to
as
owners.
perceivedthan
gentlemen acquainted
thereby determined
their
society,it
looselysuggested,may
of the
the services
to
;
not
cases
evils in
witliout
not
am
but
years
many
other
like many
However,
here
"vill in most
contraction
rapidityof
considerablydecreased,
be
much
the bar shoe, be removed
and
bath
of the
of
mode
evil, will by the
of the
share
dice
preju-
determined
a
present destructive
considerable
shoeing,a
and
tlieir
in
perseverance
the
on
and
enmity
smiths, by
the
among
therefore
reflection
one
of
introduced
I shall
tlioughmuch
subject,that is,even
th"
been
never
from
consolation
e
son
diseases
cwring
put in practice in this country.
or
by
of
ti.is horse
iraproved as
85
I have
of
sake
than
more
estabUshing iheir
of
mode
in
them
and
vain
I'.avingin
to
discredit
of
change
opposition
servants,
when
assistance
to
to
place with
of
a
degree
the
giving your
horse
(and
in this
is
so
for your
to
render
to
must,
foot lock
ronct, and
the
or
any
pect
ex-
can
of it
branch
a
farther
guidance
for
serviceable
horse
first
effi^ctually,
succeed
the
than
and
different
foot
nature
only
by
way,
the
with
hair
as
tlie
as
is
frog
which
oif all rouiid
mild
H
the
pressure,
pastern joint to
or
left her
has
pastern, fron^ the
blister,such
far
as
If
instruction.)
in contact
better, cut
apply a
rous
desi-
are
you
work, for the space often
up from
no
taken
already
has
operation in quite a
operation comes
much
or
render
to
never
we
and
grooms
upon
violence, and
of
days,and cuttingdown
necessary
marks
as
you
commence
fifteen
afflicted animals,
hand, contraction
so
to come,
years
spirit
country.
any
cure
called
are
until
by gentlemen
their
in
lies
that
vinciictive
present
ter's
mas-
and
repeat
effected
veterinary art,
the other
on
the
services
their
in this
be
J
from
shoes, after
the
to
the
cious
perni-
their
invention
And
misconduct
my
the
see
prosper
If
and
of
sort
can
crush
to
fault
of them.
use
lamed
purpose
the
tried every
resolved
being
imputed
the
this -desirable
on
and
differed
Ijave
I
shoeing,when
for
merely
ridiculous
own
opinion,they have
horses
tiiat
known,
once
the
the
cor-
following:
86
Let the blister remain
nights,and
and
the third
on
immerse
has
bath of
twice
a
and
operated sufficiently,
removal
bear
bar
on
and
shoe*
and
vacancy
of
of
piecesof
and
The
observe
healthy,the
clip shoe
shoes, without
cold
dry
bath
a
and
water,
warm
horse
day,and
the hair
apply
shoukl
now
the blister
when
its
commences
shod
now
with
the
not
the
touch
by
tar, which
cavity of
tlie shoe
pressure
then
may
be
further trouble,
couple hours
grow
you
at
the
by
every
the
Plate 2, %ure
must
and
be introduced
frog,and
sound, strong
his
better.
constant
of
application
day during
2.
the
tion
applica-
the
give it the
applied as
weather.
"
patent
frog, supply
dipped in
frog to descend,
more
the
to
represented in plate
shoe, as
partialpressure
cork
the
be
the
obtain
between
you
lard,
the blister with
risingor prominent part
should
figureone,
two,
him
if the
heel
or
two
well
part,and the horse is sufficiently
the
shoeing, let
middle
as
a
and
days
two
poulticeat night. The
walking exercise
have
about
day grease
the toot in
the emollient
on
hot
the
and
"
88
cient
and
size, health
the ap.imal, and
level with
when
have
you
shoe, the
the
hear
strength to
pressure
of
weight
got it to bear
once
more
tlie
a
on
give it the
you
better.
If
however,
is
as
through
with
a
sometimes
mild
a
be
obstinate
balls,a
bleeding. The
the
Respecting
been
as
said
always
then
and
shoulders
apply
When
the
to
the
the
mild
he
as
founder, I
for
medicine
take
by
the
of bran
sufficient
guidance
quarter of
quantity, boiled
from
feet for
blister
the blister has
to
can,
this
corronet,
with
ten
linseed
give
the
it
a
couple
from
the
of
about
a
I
a
the
peck,
minutes, and
meal, add
proper
as
tence,
consisof
the
days, after this
articulation
previouslycuttingoff
acted
of
cases,
articulation
a
soft
applicationof
a
ker,
can-
will eat.
trust
the
an
and
on
add, that in desperate
you
apply
to
potatoes
properly
vinegar as
much
knee
it
thicken
that
dieted
be
also
successful
sufficient
a
internal
by
subject
or
generally performed.
in remembrance,
of
the
followingpoultices:
water
morning,
keep
but
cure
been
night and
should
I will however
cure.
go
physic,by which,
is
many
on
must
cure
cured
horse
feed and
marsh
horse
long standing,approaching to
of
be
never
can
to
necessary
thrush
the
case,
ed,
be observ-
should
of alterative
course
diuretic
It may
have
the
little nitre in his water
a
few
has
heal
obstinacyto
an
twelve
the
of the
hair.
hours, im-
89
the feet
inerse
to stand
horse
blister.
the
diet with
pound
the
on
be
have
that
are
given.
day
salts
and
renewed
bath
and
every
emollient
the
When
days, with
him
will.
service
great
an
opening
but
The
blister
eight or
ten
bear
can
leave
out, and
and
month
or
weight
his exercise
three
ball every
or
balls will
in
bowels
the
keep
be
mutt
own
purgative alterative
to
a
nitre
no
days,
a
his
soft
and
morning,
days,
diuretic
A
few
a
poiilikeover
poulticesfor
horse
best to turn
free
three
(he
get
can
the
nitre, night and
of
or
OAvn
of
should
two
it will be
four
continue
cannot,
of salts every
warm
his
bath, if you
warm
horse
ounce
six weeks.
to
a
| if he
The
an
continued
the
in
proper
a
state.
purgative alterative
The
drachm
and
be
to
one
opened.
before
the
given
and
parts, which
may
their natural
is recent,
night from
the
the
knees
in
a
great
ij.any
often
to the
down
of
deal
instances
performed by it, but
cases
by
other
as
irritation
in
restoring
supleness ; particularlyif the
been
any
succeed
is
body
blisters
the
a
every
poulticebe properlyapj"lied
and
requires
and
till the
external
an
of
of soap,
drachms
two
hours
twelve
every
composed
are
frequent applicationof
The
legs to
case
of aloes
prescribed,will produce
the
on
half
a
balls
never
method.
H
2
feet. Tliis
perseverance
a
complete
in
very
ment
treat-
and
cure
tience,
pahas
desperate
90
If the treatment
here
recommended,
does
the
disease
will terminate
with
cure,
a
less dreadful
effects;the play of
legs will
the
will he
Having
lame
during
disclaimed
in
Mr.
printed in
in full and
the tfstof
pamphlet
chieflybe compiled
that the
:
and
no
as
may
under
and
toe
picker to
extreme
ought
there
to be
shall be
shoe, and
shall be
no
that the
angle
greater
than
on
touch
the
the sole
the
carefullyremoved
out
the
sole
with
the
pointof
other
the
part
"
the
vity
ca-
that
in the
iron
nails shall be driven
as
little backward
as
is
compatiblewith
that
perfectlysatisfied,
simple rules,and
the
use
a
to
sufficiently
heel, where
at any
der
un-
of
the shoe.
of these
of
with
contact
portionof
such
ly
name-
superfluous weight
of
fastening
am
in
round, from
pass all
quarters
I
main
re-
scrupulouslypreserved,
only hollowed
in tlie
And
that
"
to the
shall be
and bars alone, and
the crust
be necessary,
a
followingheads,
that the shoe shall rest
drawing knife, and
allow
I
stood
have
They
frog always brought
singlepoint
one
which
ago, will
time
force.
the
bars
"
edge of
laid down
twentyyears experience,and may
if possible
pressure
at
frog
the
close the
now
maxims
some
undiminished
than
more
fined,
con-
mal
the ani-
system of shoeing,and
small
a
he
tise
writing a regulartrea-
that the cardinal
Coleman's
or
of his life.
remainder
the
essays, I shall
these
by hoping
subject,
jointswill
the
plete
com-
more
and
difficulty,
the idea of
shoeing,in
on
with
move
not
the
secure
the enforcement
of the
patent bar
91
and
slioe*
of
even
from
preventing
to
old
that
by
the
bath,
cold
the
but
many,
age,
of
most
in
"
and
mitigating
the
evils
which
of
general
Plate
only
not
method
pernicious
smiths
will
2
of
figure
shoeing
tliis
2.
city.
be
the
means
off
warding
daily
spring
now
tised
prac-
PRITATE
TO
GENTLEMEN,
OP
OWNERS
ESTABLISHMENTS
STAGE
MAIL
LIVERY
AND
BREWERIES,
STABLE
KEEPERS,
following usefulimprovements
The
in
veterinary science
is
respecfullysubmitted.
medical
various
The
to
uses
patent, universal, veterinary
battering
use,
and
will
render
may
be
all
of
diseases
the
sand
skin
of
"
and
are
is also
It
into
mail
acquisition to
of
and
the
running
lungs
and
tetanus
internal,
plied
apin
a
the
large city,
public.
modifications,
It
for
"
horses
to
"
diseases
inflammation
for
disorders, both
other
many
which
to
and
thrush
and
other
rupeds
quad-
liable.
recommended,
all infirmaries
number
of
its various
be
may
constantly
are
pavement
Carver's
feet, particularly contraction,
the
cracks
generally.For
external
valuable
a
applied, under
founder,
of
it
the
over
Dr.
bath
medical
feet, that
restorinj^horses
in
which
horses
and
are
as
large
useful
introduction
establishments
employed,
statije establishments,
public stables.
a
sugar
such
as
where
a
breweries,
houses, private and
93
To
southward,
the
where
plantations,
and
hot
in
Dr.
Carver
usefulness
of
stables
founder
horses
has
to
it
bath,
with
in
of
view
the
making
modified
his
expensive,
as
and
disable
of
fine
many
so
universal
well
States,
bath
as
so
less
give
to
as
and
prevention
United
the
its
private
cure
which
cities
useful
beast.
breweries,
tlie
; the
negroes
extensively
a
for
city,
public
and
less
be
a
assistance
with
to.
Dr.
Carver's
at
seen
knowledge
application
attended
the
the
of
may
for
and
orders
dis-
servants.
to
model
A
and
all
render
man
contraction,
simplified
trouble
the
of
and
in
both
general
the
found
and
spasmodic
other
be
the
in
farms
cotton
among
however,
more
public
and
will
of
life
the
extensive
occur
both
vapour
saving
and
tetanus,
frequently
so
the
large
in
Indies,
West
and
westward,
and
his
of
residence,
its
of
the
patent
of
the
cure
the
use
of
universal
of
the
and
and
tions
applicaalso
will
"c.
be
fop
in
clip shoes,
contraction,
bath,
all
and
principles,
bar
modified
and
in
aid
junction
con-
punctually
TERMS
FOR
CHARGES
OF
PRIVILEGE
THE
OF
BATH.
PATEJ^T
CARVER'S
LR.
USING
For
For
all
For
all
mail
For
all
breweries
For
private
All
Note.
town
or
f
tate,
public
stables
livery
stage
14
years.
SlO
establishments
not
10
exceeding
horses
ten
5
stables
persons
will
5
disposed
please
to
to
apply
purchase
patent
rights
for
to
J.
CARVER,
veterinary
surgeon.
a
city,
IN
WILL
AND
BE
THE
PRESS,
READY
BY
OF
THE
THE
HORSE,
THE
PLATES,
DISSECTION
ACTUAL
FROM
AT
OF
EYE
WITH
vShowingtheir
JULY,
THE
ON
TAKEN
OF
TREATISE
A
DISEASES
FIRST
THE
VETERIXARr
COLLEGE
;
best mode
symptoms, prevention,
causes,
of treatment
and
cure.
ALSO,
TREATISE
A
ON
THE
OF
LAMENESS
WITH
SHOWING
ALL
PLATES,
VARIETIES
THE
ALSO
IS
LIABLE
AT
causes,
COLLEGE;
symptoms, best mode
and
BY
PATEXT
THE
AiD
INTRODUCED
AND
USE
THE
OF
THE
JiEDICAL
ON
of treatment
cure,
VETERLYARF
BY
DISSECTION
THE
VETERLX^IRF
Showing their
THE
;
ACTUAL
FiiOM
WHICH
TO
LAMENESS
OF
HORSE
TAKEN
HORSES,
A
NEW
AUTHOR,
PRINCIPLE
BJiTE,