Management Stress Testing: How to get it right Fusing People, Processes and Platforms 2 The Failures of Stress Testing The recent financial crisis claimed numerous victims. Along with the financial institutions that failed, the concept of stress testing lost a great deal of credibility. Measures seeking to define the impact of a specifically defined systemic shock failed their ultimate reality test, which is to provide an early warning signal so that firms’ risk management procedures would operate as intended. Stress testing became an integral part of the risk management function of nearly all banks that invested considerable amounts of money and extensive effort to develop stress testing methodologies, appropriate processes and the supporting IT capabilities (reporting and data processing) needed to accurately report and manage their risks. This gave banks confidence that they could deliver returns while keeping their risks under control. The crisis, however, proved that the models were poor, and the assumptions made for the stress testing scenarios were faulty. Due to failures in risk management governance, senior managers did not use insights derived from stress testing to actively engage lines of business and address problematic activities. A number of systemic issues contributed to the failure of stress testing to assist institutions in managing their risks, identifying the key issues within firms and suggesting practical ways of managing banks' risk while complying with financial regulations. In the past two years, most banks have made improvements to their stress testing capabilities. They have engaged a wider range of stakeholders – from senior management to the frontoffice — in the definition of stress testing scenarios; enhanced their stress testing capabilities in credit and liquidity risk; and strengthened their control and validation mechanisms. Much, however, still needs to be done. Stress testing must be embedded into the decision-making process in a consistent fashion across business units, upgrading their valuation models and, ultimately, overcoming capability limitations such as data management problems and constraints imposed by legacy systems across the organization. With more market and regulatory changes facing the financial services industry, banks need effective stress testing to protect their balance sheets and their power to generate revenue. New approaches to design and implementation of stress testing are clearly necessary. 3 Identifying the Challenges Many banks have taken measures to improve the effectiveness of risk management within their firms, and to improve stress testing capabilities. The previously demonstrated shortfalls in stress testing have led to a lack of credibility and confidence and limited buy-in from senior management in basing key decisions or preventative actions on stress testing results. Stress testing should be seen within the wider context of the effort banks put into improving their risk management capabilities. Banks face common challenges including: • Improving risk governance and board oversight • Integrating approaches to risk management • Enhancing stress testing methodology • Changing stress testing processes and operating models • Significantly enhancing data and systems • Extending reporting functionality Improving Risk Governance and Board Oversight Regulators and other stakeholders have demanded that banks improve their risk governance in a number of areas. In response, banks have changed the composition of their boards, adding members with relevant experience in financial and risk management issues. Banks have also created board committees to focus on formal risk issues, while others concentrate on risk oversight. Boards are becoming more involved in defining and articulating banks’ risk appetites and their engagement in stress testing exercises. Risk appetite – the amount and type of risk that a company is able and willing to accept in pursuit of its business objectives – has become one of the yardsticks for aligning business strategy with risk management. Risk 4 appetite is strongly linked to stress testing as banks seek to measure their tolerance in a range of environments, including normal conditions, extraordinary conditions and stress scenarios. Banks establish specific levels of risk appetite and monitor how they perform over time, taking all types of risk into consideration. In this context, stress testing is used to see how the firm responds to adverse market conditions in terms of risk sensitivity and risk management effectiveness. Banks still face the challenge of embedding risk appetite in decisionmaking across business units and making it an essential tool for lending and trading. It is difficult to develop stress testing scenarios which really test the risk approach taken by banks while identifying secondary effects. The stress testing capabilities of most banks are limited and are currently concentrated on market risk, where the traditional stress testing activities (established since the creation of the Market Risk Value at Risk methodology) are in place. In addition, lack of credibility and confidence in the stress testing framework led to limited willingness on senior management’s part to make key decisions or restrict specific activities based on the results. Integrating Approaches to Risk Management Since existing stress testing tools and frameworks have proven inadequate, banks still face a challenge in developing effective stress testing methodologies and procedures. A primary deficiency is in applying an integrated view of scenarios which are relevant and applicable to the bank’s risks, including market losses, credit losses, and reputation and liquidity risks. There is limited understanding of banks’ risks and positions across books and portfolios, and not all banks define scenarios in a consistent and effective way. Before the financial crisis, existing methodologies and procedures such as Value at Risk (VaR) and Economic Capital were designed to give management an overall net view of risk. These were useful but incomplete, as they disguised the size of individual positions. Exposures were netted and reduced by hedges and further reduced by correlations, hiding the true size of gross exposures. Regulators exercise further pressure to provide aggregate exposure and risk information across product lines, businesses and legal entities. This remains challenging to many banks due to requirements for substantial investments and expert personnel, as well as because of the timing of implementation for these requirements. Other challenges include the definition and type of scenarios being tested. It is difficult to define the scenarios which are useful both to the business and to the risk management function. Doing so requires active participation from a number of different stakeholders. The participation of business lines, finance, risk control, risk methodology and even specialist groups, such as economists, under the supervision and participation of the board remains a challenge. Other limitations include the type of scenarios previously used, which may not be sufficiently severe. They may depict impacts which are too small, management actions which are overly optimistic and assumptions which are too favourable. Short holding periods and limited durations or investment horizons failed to take into account the possibility of extended periods of market disruption, global economic slowdown and contagion as disruption spread from one market to another. Enhancing stress testing methodology Banks — and regulators — want to develop an integrated approach to risk evaluation. This would help them see the effect of events on different risk types which, when combined, could result in an outcome different from those foreseen under a non-integrated approach. Although some banks have strong capabilities for modelling the effects of stress events on different risk types, these capabilities are generally isolated, with little or no interaction across risk types. Often behavioral assumptions are inconsistently applied – for instance, in predicting the drawdown of off-balance-sheet items. Based on the particular view of the business units and geography, different stress events are fed into each model, different assumptions are used in each model, and the results of each model are reviewed independently but using different measures. The process may be iterated within individual units to show evolution over time. Some banks have a better understanding of stress testing as it applies to market risk, but a poorer understanding of credit stress testing and other types of stress tests, such as the combined effects of risk events on market and credit activities, secondary macroeconomic effects and other events. Another new area is the development of stress testing models across economic downturns, more commonly known as pro-cyclicality in internal risk management. Banks need to develop models which address the secondary effects of risk in their capital structure and strategy. Internal risk management is typically unable to incorporate effects from other risk areas and, when combined with a lack of consistency in risk models used, cannot easily be aggregated into useful insight for the business. The lack of integrated stress testing through the economic cycle has deep implications for banks, as they do not have the information necessary to assess whether they are vulnerable to a single event resulting in unforeseen effects across risk types. A similar lack of information prevents banks from gauging their exposure to feedback loops across real world risk types. Finally, most banks realize that modelbased stress testing is not sufficient and that more judgment on defining and applying scenarios is required. The dimensions of stress testing must be extended in order to provide banks with sufficient understanding of the impact on income, provisions, RWA, (Risk-Weighted Assets) and economic and regulatory capital as well as capital supply. Changing the processes and the operating model for stress tests un-integrated and focused exclusively on areas such as markets and credit without providing a comprehensive view. Many obstacles stand in the way of establishing efficient and robust processes for stress testing. These include the evolving risk methodology, the provision of key information from the front office or other parts of the organization, the lack of processes for collecting data from new sources such as the treasury function, and the integration of liquidity management into the process. Although banks often intend to establish a systematic and more comprehensive approach to stress testing, they still lack consistent implementation of a robust stress testing framework. Legacy systems are another hurdle in the implementation of the new stress testing scenarios. Some systems operate on platforms that require specialist knowledge and do not lend themselves in open interfaces so that the appropriate data can be identified and extracted. Two areas merit special attention in the current process framework. One is the area of contingency planning and early actions processes. In many banks, these are not well organized and lack active preparation, monitoring, planning or structure to allow for coordinated action in time of real stress, such as specific or enterprise-wide crisis management. The other new area for banks is control and validation. As currently structured, control and validation mechanisms do not adequately control the effectiveness of stress testing methodologies and related procedures. Although some banks have a formal process for the definition of stress testing as part of the wider definition of risk appetite, the definition is not always communicated to the business units and not properly controlled and validated. Banks also need to develop independent validation of their stress testing frameworks from a quantitative and qualitative viewpoint, as validation techniques are currently very limited. Challenges also exist in the aggregation of data across line of business and different legal entities. Some banks use multiple, complex procedures to aggregate data but the speed and the quality of data assembled are not necessarily satisfactory. Extending the functionality of reporting Banks need better reporting on the results of valuation stress tests. This is particularly true for the new, evolving methodologies, which involve significant use of unobservable inputs and model parameters. New initiatives within banks involve the embedding of risk sensitivity analysis in financial reporting. This means that banks need to capture and report more information on the assumptions used to derive fair value analysis, as well as on more macroeconomic parameters. Reports also need to include information about unobservable parameters, both in isolation and under correlated assumptions. Enhancing Data and Systems One of biggest challenges faced by banks in the implementation of an integrated stress testing framework is the need for data and system upgrades to meet the new requirements. This is due, in part, to existing risk management systems which remain 5 6 Enhancing the Stress Testing Framework – How to get it right Almost all banks have put particular emphasis on strengthening their stress testing capabilities and consider the implementation of an effective and wellintegrated stress testing framework as work-in -progress. It is within this framework that Accenture has developed an approach to assist banks in creating a stress testing framework capable of helping banks meet their evolving needs. Our approach includes five key components which, in most of cases, are part of the stress testing framework: • Stress Testing Risk Governance and Oversight • Stress Testing Organizational Design and Processes • Stress Testing Methodology • Stress Testing Data and Systems • Stress Testing Reporting 7 Stress Testing Risk Governance and Oversight Figure 1: Risk Governance Framework and Executive Oversight The Board Portfolio Risk Committee Business Planning Material Risk Assessment Set Risk Appetite and Performance Targets Capital Committee Set Performance Objectives and Strategy Economic Capital Management Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process & Capital Framework Measure Risks Performance Management Capital Optimization and Risk Transfer Risk Mitigation Top-of-House Finance Committees (ALCO) Create Risk Profile Risk Finance Capital Contingency Plan Balance Sheet Management Portfolio Management Integrated Risk & Finance Setting the tone from the top (i.e. at board level) is essential for the successful implementation of a stress testing framework which ensures that stress testing is embedded in the decision making of the business in key areas such as capital planning, loss absorption, provisions and capital supply (Figure 1). There should be one committee, composed of the appropriate members of senior management, who bring together the demand and supply sides of capital. Stress testing results should be key inputs for senior management and board discussions. Stress scenarios should be reviewed, updated and expanded regularly in the context of the macro-economic and geopolitical environment by a committee comprised of representatives from the business divisions, risk control and economic research. The engagement model with internal and external stakeholders is critical in driving the appropriate behavior within the bank. It will also assist in establishing a balanced and holistic 8 Capital Adequacy Capital Monitoring and Reporting view of the bank’s risks with respect to the intended strategic objectives, balancing the needs of day-to-day risk management with long term strategic objectives for stable capital requirements. Current committees should be assessed in regard to their effectiveness in implementing an integrated stress testing framework across business lines, geographies, and legal entities. A clear definition by the Stress Testing Committee of its model of engagement with all stakeholders, as well as its governance model for the stress testing function within the bank is essential. Stress testing is an evolving function within the bank and should be seen as work in progress requiring familiarity and support from the board down. The composition of the stress testing committee is critical in providing valuable input to the board’s decision making. Regional risk managers, front office and treasury should participate in reviewing actual market risk exposures and market events in determining the scenarios to be applied at portfolio and consolidated levels. The right governance model will help ensure that the stress testing organization works in accordance with its goals, and that models and methodologies are consistently applied across all business units, with the results of stress testing used to steer business behavior. Figure 2: Stress Testing: Integrated Approach Management 2 Embedded Capital & Liquidity Management with Enterprise Performance Management 2 Integration of Capital & Liquidity into Enterprise Performance Management Process 3 3 Robust Process of Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Capital Management Function Capital Demand Capital Supply Management & Management Measurement Capital Efficiency & Optimization Liquidity Management Function Capital Allocation Pillar 1 Capital Ratio Credit Risk Market Risk Operational Risk Integrated Approach Establishing an integrated approach to the use of stress testing results requires clear governance, active participation of all stakeholders, dedicated funds and a focus on program management. It is important to establish clear governance not only within the board, but also across divisions, business units and geographies. Banks should review the current engagement model for stress testing and assign clear responsibilities and touch points from the front office to the board (Figure 2). A key governance responsibility is to ensure that the new structure is integrated across all business lines and is actively used in decision-making. 5 Pillar 2 Capital Add-on Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book Other Risks (Strategic, Reputation) 4 Integrated Approach to Sensitivity & Stress Testing 5 Identification and Measurement of Materials Risks Integrated Stress Testing 4 Measurement 1 Integrated Oversight and Strategy for Capital / Liquidity Adequacy Top-of-House Committees & Board Oversight 1 Liquidity Asset Buffer 6 Enhancement of Liquidity Risk Management Processes 6 Liquidity Risk the target operating model for stress testing in the initial phases of the implementation program will significantly increase the chances of success. As stress testing skills are scarce within any organization, the systems required for integration are usually quite large and in flux; and, since stress testing competes with other priorities within the bank, it is imperative to establish synergies and early buy-in for the program. The successful transformation of the stress testing function depends upon establishing a budget dedicated to the implementation of the new stress testing platform. Identifying 9 Stress Testing Organizational Design and Processes Processes Figure 3: Stress Testing Process Framework Risk Factors Scenario Generation Scenario Execution Measure Effects Discretionary Actions & Hedge Effectiveness Assess KPIs Contingency Planning Secondary Effect Iterate Process Implementing an integrated approach to stress testing will have broad and deep effects on the organization, as integration involves the alignment of processes from the board level to the front office across all geographies. We propose a Stress Testing Process Framework comprising seven stages as depicted in Figure 3. Risk Factors Identify systemic and idiosyncratic risk factors and correlated risk factors applicable to the portfolio Scenario Generation Generate master scenarios, scale shocks (Mild, Medium, Severe) and finally generate portfolio specific shocks Scenario Execution Make requests to risk applications for risk measures execution, orchestrate risk measures results from risk applications, update risk reporting hierarchies with risk measure results according to aggregation rules 10 Measure Effects Generate stressed risk weighted assets, generate stressed Tier1 and Tier 2 capital, asset liquidity effects Discretionary Actions & Hedge Effectiveness Migrate impact of scenario (Tier 1 and 2 capital) due to discretionary action (e.g. a dividend reduction) Assess KPIs Measure key financial and capital ratios indicators Contingency Planning Incorporate results in contingency plans To accomplish this, banks can employ a target operating model which uses a mix of Centre of Excellence, Shared Service and Dedicated Enterprise Risk Functions (Figure 4). The establishment of the stress testing operating model should take place within the wider context of the risk transformation programs that most banks have undertaken. Among the factors which affect the design are the bank’s decision-making process, its stress testing methodology, its risk capability and the maturity of the organization. The critical resources needed for design and execution of stress scenarios are scarce and are typically more attuned to the nonintegrated risk analysis approach, with separate assessments of market risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk. Multivariate risk analysis across different types of risks – as some banks pursue integrated market and credit risk stress scenarios – demands the consolidation of risk expertise into a shared services model. Integrated risk stress tests which include macroeconomic stresses, however, tend to gravitate toward a centre of excellence model. Both models may be deployed depending on the DNA of the bank. Finally, allowing for more dynamic definition of stress testing with the active participation of the front office will require a different model of engagement between the middle and the front office. Figure 4: Stress Testing – Processes and Operating Model Scenario Management Scenario Execution (Centre of Excellence) (Centre of Excellence) Factor Sensitivity Scenario Management Credit Reporting & Actions Aggregation Individual Risk Reporting Hedging & Management Actions KPIs & Early Warning Indicators Net Risk, Capital & Liquidity Position Executive Management Reports Second Round Effects Actions Market Scenario Generation Gathering Information Interest Rate OpRisk Plausibility Test Reputation Business & Strategic Mapping & Dispatch Centralize Concentration Distributed The footprint and the location capabilities of the bank should be considered in the design and implementation of the stress testing function. System infrastructure, data availability and risk management maturity should also be part of the mix. The stress testing organization must also be mapped against a number of business process hierarchies, including risk appetite, stress testing and risk management, stress test validation and stress testing reporting. Risk appetite is central in steering banks’ business operations. Stress testing processes need to be fully aligned with risk appetite processes, as the concept of risk appetite is still evolving and gaining acceptance among banks’ managements. For stress testing and risk management processes, the organization must be capable of supporting four scenario types: Macroeconomic stress, which entails multi-year systemic shocks to assess the Group’s ability to meet its capital requirements and liabilities as they fall due; Enterprisewide stress scenarios, which are not macroeconomic in nature but are sufficiently broad to affect multiple risks or divisions, and are also likely to affect earnings, capital and funding; Cross-divisional stress scenarios, which test across divisions for sensitivity to a common risk factor, such as corporate portfolios; and Divisional stress scenarios, which are undertaken to support risk identification and management in a division-specific manner. The processes implemented by the stress testing organization should allow for iterative sub-process execution to respond to the real business situation. We believe that the process framework must include six process hierarchies: Scenario Definition – Risk Factor Identification, Scenario Generation, Measurement Analysis, Discretionary Actions and Hedging Effectiveness, KPI Performance Analysis and Contingency Planning. 11 Stress Testing Methodology Methodology shapes the operating model of the stress testing organization, as well as the risk architecture underpinning the data and applications used in implementing stress testing throughout the bank. The bank must implement an integrated stress testing methodology using both top down and bottom up approaches. In the bottom up approach, the impact of shocks and scenarios are estimated using data from individual counterparties and exposures. This enables the bank to capture the concentration of risks and possible contagion, and should generally lead to more precise results. Due to lack of high-quality data needed to perform calculations – and to the complexity of the calculations themselves – it is important to build a methodology which evolves over time through a series of small changes. Acceptance of new modeling 12 assumptions is a lengthy process and requires universal acceptance. The top down approach — where the impact of shocks and scenarios is estimated using aggregated portfolio data – is less calculation-intensive, and it places fewer demands on individual counterparty, facility and security data for scenario testing. Top down estimating should always be part of the methodology, as it can assist the business with a quick, high level view in difficult economic cycles. Applying tests only to aggregated data, however, can overlook the concentration and correlation of counterparties and exposures within individual portfolios. The banks must assess methodologies against emerging trends, such as iVAST (integrated VaR and Stress Testing) or integrated market and credit risk, and agree with stakeholders on the current methodologies and the strategy for their improvement. In addition, banks must establish a clear approach to the definition of scenarios, risk factor data, risk hierarchies, measurement of stress and other testing elements. Stress Testing Data and Systems Figure 5: Stress Testing Platform Contagion Direct Market Event Bank Event Macroeconomic Model Risk Dependence & Correlation Model Scenario / Risk Factor Sensitivity Top of House Committees & Board Oversight Risk Engines Credit Market Interest Rate Liquidity Risk Models Reputation Business & Strategic Concentration Aggregation, Analysis & Reporting The data requirements for an integrated approach to stress testing demand a risk stress testing platform (Figure 5) which comprises one or more data feed engines, a risk aggregation engine and a risk reporting engine. The stress testing platform should adopt a “federated architecture” which allows the scenario execution to be implemented across different risk applications of the bank. The platform should be able to aggregate risk results at various aggregation levels such as at risk sensitivities, risk factor hierarchies at product level, risk concentrations at portfolio level, risk measurements at business entity and risk exposure results at the legal entity level. Such architectures could be described as a “risk entity particles engine”. The data feed engine component of the platform should be able to extract appropriate data from approved sources. It should deploy the data orchestration principle whereby critical risk data is collected on an “available to use“ basis and is forwarded when the relevant interrelated risk measures are available and complete. For example, risk valuation data and associated risk measures should be available for all positions from a product line, for a region, or for a legal entity. The data feed engine component should be in full alignment with the data operations of the bank. The risk aggregation engine is responsible for assembling information pertinent to risk measures at different aggregation levels while applying business rules for risk and finance to the aggregated data and managing the data store. The underlying data store maintains data along a number of different dimensions, including risk factor hierarchies, trade data, static data, daily valuations, sensitivity data, business entity exposures, VaR, and EaR (Earnings at Risk). The business rule engine is responsible for aggregating the data according to portfolios, business hierarchies, accounting rules and other protocols. well as in light of the stress testing governance model, which reflects the group structures of the bank and the role of the risk function. No matter what governance model is selected, we believe that a stress testing platform incorporating the key components described above should be implemented and seamlessly integrated with existing risk applications. It is important, as well, to develop a standardized communications protocol to distribute scenario instructions and gather data from risk engines. Each risk engine should support the execution of scenarios defined outside its immediate environment. Risk metrics should be managed centrally and should be suitable for re-use as inputs for second effect testing. Banks should identify candidate applications for the implementation of the aggregation, analysis and reporting components of the platform. Finally, they should establish interoperability standards with treasury and finance applications (such as liquidity risk and capital management) in order to establish early warning system/key risk indicators. Finally, banks should ensure that the stress testing platform can execute the stress test process within varying business tolerances, such as within 10 days under normal and within two days under stress conditions. The architecture and implementation of the stress testing platform must be considered within the context of banks’ current risk architecture, as 13 Stress Testing Reporting The risk reporting engine should be able to generate reports in a variety of formats and across the different data dimensions stored in the database. Critical to the implementation of such a risk reporting engine is the ability to maintain linkages among risk model data, macroeconomic data, and on-and off-balance sheet data, and to store and present quantitative and informal analysis data. The stress testing platform must be able to support reporting across product lines, business and legal entities. Supporting such features is central to establishing the stress testing function as a critical tool for making decisions on the direction of the business at all levels within the bank. stress testing is used in the bank, the assumptions made, methodology used, actions plans and similar elements. The stress testing reporting layer of the stress testing platform should be flexible and able to support new risk measurement data as the stress testing methodologies mature and more comprehensive coverage of stress tests is implemented across other types of risk including operational, liquidity, country, and reputational. Finally, the reporting layer should support automatic data quality controls to accelerate data adjustment and reconciliation, delivering approved reports along timetables which are acceptable to the business. The reporting capability should be able to provide internal and external regulatory reports in a seamless fashion, especially since it is likely that future regulatory requirements will demand more information on how Conclusion The old stress testing approach with its segregated view of risk, limited scope and severity of scenarios and incomplete organizational picture of potential risk failed the tests of reality as evidenced during the financial crisis. Banks have recognized this and are in the process of building a stress testing environment which is useful to their business and demonstrates the potential impact of a prolonged economic cycle. Banks need a stress testing function which uses a new governance model and provides an integrated view of risk encompassing all types of risk, including secondary effects and liquidity risk. They need to implement a stress testing platform comprising existing risk applications and workflow for the implementation of scenario definition and execution. The platform should also include a sophisticated risk aggregation engine to allow for the aggregation of risk at multiple levels and across different risk dimensions. Finally, banks need to 14 report stress test results in different ways, providing risk, financial and qualitative information to help the business make the right decisions. If you would like to discuss how Accenture can help you to enhance your Stress Testing capabilities please contact Peter Beardshaw at +44 20-7844-7550 or by email at peter. [email protected]. 15 About the Authors Peter Beardshaw Peter Beardshaw is executive director – Accenture Risk Management. Based in London, Peter brings over 15 years of deep experience in delivering target operating models and business process redesign initiatives within the credit risk and capital management areas. His broad experience in Investment Banking program management and change management, in addition to his technical experience in multiple asset classes across front, middle and back office helps organizations become high-performance businesses. Takis Sironis Takis Sironis is a senior manager – Accenture Risk Management. Based in London, Takis brings over 18 years of deep experience in business and IT transformation in the risk management space for investment and retail banking. His extensive knowledge and technical skills in risk management processes and methodologies and risk technologies helps Takis drive and implement risk programs, align risk functions to business strategy and bring to market new operating models and risk architectures. With his current focus on Capital Optimization, Stress Testing and Risk Transformation, Takis guides organizations on their journey to high performance. Copyright © 2011 Accenture All rights reserved. About Accenture Risk Management Accenture, its logo, and High Performance Delivered are trademarks of Accenture. ACC11-0452 / 11-2853 Accenture Risk Management consulting services work with clients to create and implement integrated risk management capabilities designed to gain higher economic returns, improve shareholder value and increase stakeholder confidence. About Accenture Management Consulting Accenture is a leading provider of management consulting services worldwide. Drawing on the extensive experience of its 13,000 management consultants globally, Accenture Management Consulting helps clients move from issue to outcome, with pace, certainty and strategic agility. We enable companies and governments to achieve high performance by combining broad and deep industry and functional offerings and capabilities across seven service lines: Customer Relationship Management, Finance & Performance Management, Process & Innovation Performance, Risk Management, Talent & Organization Performance, Strategy, and Supply Chain Management. About Accenture Accenture is a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company, with approximately 211,000 people serving clients in more than 120 countries. Combining unparalleled experience, comprehensive capabilities across all industries and business functions, and extensive research on the world’s most successful companies, Accenture collaborates with clients to help them become high-performance businesses and governments. The company generated net revenues of US$21.6 billion for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2010. Its home page is www.accenture.com.
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