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Journal of Vision (2004)
http://journalofvision.org/info/instructions.pdf
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How to prepare an article for the Journal of Vision
Andrew B. Watson
Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Vision, and
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
This document provides instructions for how to prepare a manuscript for submission to the Journal of Vision. We recommend that potential authors review this document before they begin to write their paper. While this document contains
much detail, it is organized into sections that should enable rapid browsing of relevant material. This document is also
formatted largely in the style of a final submission to the Journal of Vision. This allows us to illustrate directly some aspects of manuscript preparation, such as styles, layout, links, and formatting.
Keywords: manuscript, template, instructions, styles, format
Table of contents
Table of contents............................ 1
Overview ........................................ 2
Notation .......................................... 2
Review and production materials ... 2
Review materials......................... 2
Production materials ................... 2
Production manuscript: Complete
and Draft......................................... 2
Complete..................................... 2
Draft ............................................ 3
Page charges ................................. 3
Types of page charges ............... 3
Voluntary page charges .............. 3
Author alteration charges............ 3
Authors from developing countries
................................................. 3
Payment ...................................... 3
Manuscript structure....................... 3
JOV Template ................................ 4
To create a new manuscript........ 4
To format an existing manuscript 4
Additional steps:.......................... 4
JOV Styles...................................... 4
Block text........................................ 4
Figures ........................................... 4
Vector and raster graphics.......... 4
EPS format.................................. 5
PDF format.................................. 5
Graphs ........................................ 5
Placing figures in the manuscript 5
Figure captions ........................... 5
Sizing of figures .......................... 5
Figures for production ................. 6
Movies ............................................ 6
Tables............................................. 6
Hyperlinks....................................... 7
Figure hyperlinks......................... 7
Table hyperlinks.......................... 7
Equation hyperlinks..................... 7
Citation hyperlinks....................... 7
Reference hyperlinks .................. 7
Footnotes ....................................... 7
doi:10.1167/4.instructions
Auxiliary files................................... 7
Computer code............................ 7
Extra figures ................................ 7
Demonstrations ........................... 7
Stimulus images or movies ......... 7
Data files ..................................... 8
Math................................................ 8
MathType preferences file .......... 8
Math style conventions................ 8
Display equations using MathType
................................................. 8
Display equations using text ....... 8
In-line math using MathType....... 8
In-line math using text ................. 8
Statistical symbols.......................... 8
Acknowledgements ........................ 8
References ..................................... 8
Citations in the text...................... 8
Reference list .............................. 9
References from JOV articles ..... 9
Citation hyperlinks....................... 9
Reference hyperlinks .................. 9
Icons ............................................. 10
Making an icon from a figure..... 10
Animated icons.......................... 10
Making an animated icon from a
QuickTime movie ................... 10
Submitting your manuscript.......... 11
Tools............................................. 11
Adobe Acrobat .......................... 11
Adobe Illustrator ........................ 11
Adobe LiveMotion ..................... 11
Adobe Photoshop...................... 11
APA Publication Manual............ 11
AppleWorks............................... 11
EndNote .................................... 11
Equation Editor.......................... 11
GraphicConverter...................... 11
Mathematica.............................. 11
MathType .................................. 11
MATLAB.................................... 11
Microsoft Word .......................... 11
Created January 2, 2003; updated June 10, 2004
QuickTime Pro...........................11
FAQ ..............................................12
How do I create an EPS figure
from an Excel graph?.............12
How do I create an EPS figure
from a PowerPoint slide? .......12
How do I create an EPS figure
from a MATLAB graph? .........12
How do I create an EPS figure
from a Mathematica graph? ...13
How do I insert an EPS file of a
figure into my paper in Microsoft
Word.......................................13
How do I insert a bookmark in
Microsoft Word .......................13
How do I insert a hyperlink in
Microsoft Word .......................13
How do I create a QuickTime
Movie using Mathematica? ....13
How do I create a QuickTime
Movie using PowerPoint ........13
Tips ...............................................13
Keep PubMed links in your
EndNote database .................13
Glossary........................................13
DOC...........................................13
DOI ............................................13
CSV ...........................................14
EPS ...........................................14
GIF.............................................14
JPEG .........................................14
PDF ...........................................14
PubMed/MEDLINE ....................14
QuickTime .................................14
Raster Art ..................................14
RTF............................................14
TIFF ...........................................14
URL ...........................................14
Vector Art ..................................14
Files mentioned in this document.14
ISSN 1534-7362 © 2004 ARVO
Journal of Vision (2004)
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Overview
Because the Journal of Vision (JOV) is an entirely digital
enterprise, writing a paper for this journal may be different
from what you are used to. To ensure a final product of
high quality, we must receive your article and associated
materials in the appropriate file type and format. The purpose of this documentation is to provide you with the information you need to produce a complete, well-formed
submission to Journal of Vision. Although it is certainly possible to convert a completed paper to Journal of Vision format, it is probably easier to begin a paper with JOV in
mind. For this reason, we recommend that authors take a
few minutes to browse these instructions before they begin
manuscript preparation.
In this document, we provide extensive instructions on
how to prepare and submit a paper to the Journal of Vision.
The material is organized into sections, which you can
navigate among using the Table of Contents. Although we
provide considerable material here, the basic process of
preparing a JOV manuscript is simple. Although we do not
require it, we recommend you begin with the JOV manuscript template. For an initial submission, we need only a
legible PDF of the paper that includes all elements necessary for review (figures, references, etc.). For the final submission, after the paper is accepted, we need a manuscript
file that adheres to our standards for formatting and styles,
as well as a separate file in appropriate format for each figure. Authors willing to pay a higher page charge may submit the final manuscript and figures in any of several acceptable digital formats, and we will do the rest.
In these instructions, we often describe detailed procedures to be used with specific applications (e.g., Microsoft
Word, Adobe Illustrator). However, it is usually possible to
apply the same procedure using alternate applications. We
are committed to ensuring that JOV is independent of a
particular software vendor or platform.
Notation
In this document, we indicate literal computer commands with the Helvetica font, as in this example: Insert–
>Picture. The right-arrow in the command indicates two
steps in a hierarchical menu.
Review and production materials
We distinguish between two types of submitted materials. As the names suggest, Review materials are used only for
purposes of review, while Production materials are used after
an article has been accepted for publication and is ready to
be produced and published.
Review materials
If your paper includes only text and graphics, the only
material we need for review is a single file, in PDF, DOC,
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RTF, postscript, or HTML format. If your paper includes
movies, files of data, or other auxiliary files, then you need
to create and submit those files as well. The review version
of the paper does not need to be formatted according to
JOV standards.
Production materials
If your paper is accepted for publication, you will be
asked to provide the Production materials. These are used
to construct the published version of your paper. The Production materials must include:
1. Digital file of the manuscript.
2. EPS file of each figure containing vector art.
3. EPS, TIFF, GIF, or JPEG file of each figure containing only raster art.
4. QuickTime file for each movie.
5. An icon for use in the Table of Contents entry for
the article.
6. Auxiliary files, if any.
The details of the manuscript file depend upon which
type of Production materials you plan to submit: Complete
or Draft, as described in the next section.
Production manuscript: Complete and Draft
The Journal of Vision accepts two types of Production
manuscript. The two differ in the degree to which the authors have completed the steps required for online publication. The page charge is higher for the Draft type, to meet
the higher costs of production. The Complete type is appropriate for authors who have access to the necessary tools
and skills required to meet all of our requirements. The
Draft type is appropriate for those who lack the tools, time,
or inclination to meet those requirements. In neither case
do we expect authors to complete the layout of the paper,
including precise figure positioning and elimination of extra white-space.
Complete
A Complete production manuscript is one in which
the authors have completed the following:
1. Manuscript is formatted using a recent version of
the JOV template (after 2/18/02).
2. All JOV styles have been applied appropriately.
3. All links to figures, tables, and equations have been
inserted.
4. All in-text citations have been linked to a reference
in the References section.
Journal of Vision (2004)
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5. Where possible, each reference in the Reference
section is linked to the relevant PubMed link and
the free full text article.
6. All figures have been inserted at approximately the
desired size at approximately the desired location
in the manuscript. Alternatively, the author may
indicate the figure position by means of the figure
caption.
7. We do not require that the manuscript be submitted in final composed form with a two-column layout (though that will help the authors estimate the
final page charges).
Draft
We offer the Draft option for those authors who may
not have the tools, knowledge, time, or inclination to create a Complete production manuscript as described above.
For the Draft production manuscript, we require only a
digital file of the manuscript text, in some common format.
The page charge for Draft submissions is higher to help
defray the additional costs of production.
Page charges
Types of page charges
Journal of Vision does not charge subscription or access
fees to individuals or institutions. All papers published in
the journal are available for free online to anyone, anywhere. The costs of publication are partly defrayed by a
page charge paid by the author. Current page charges are
shown in Table 1.
Complete Submission
Draft Submission
Voluntary
$85/page
$135/page
$50/page
Table 1. Page Charges.
The higher Draft rate is offered for those authors who
are unable to bring the paper to Complete form, and helps
to pay for the additional production costs. The Voluntary
charges are in addition to the Draft or Complete rates.
The charges are based on final published pages, as determined by the PDF version of the article. By using the
JOV Template to prepare a Complete submission, authors
can estimate the length of their published paper.
Voluntary page charges
The journal also accepts voluntary page charges. These
are in addition to the mandatory Draft or Complete
charges. It is the policy of most United States Government
agencies, as well as many scientific and educational institutions, to pay voluntary page charges. During return of the
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invoice, authors will be able to indicate whether they wish
to pay voluntary page charges.
Author alteration charges
Author alterations are changes requested by an author
to a paper, after Production Materials have been submitted,
and which are not due to publisher errors. Author alterations are costly and time-consuming to implement, and it is
therefore important to be sure that your paper is in final
form before submission of Production Materials. We allow
each paper one hour of free author alterations. If the alterations requested require more than one hour, the author
will be provided with an estimate of author alteration
charges, which will be based on a rate of $50/hour. These
charges will be added to the final author invoice.
Authors from developing countries
Authors living and working in certain designated countries may be able to pay their page charges through a grant
we have received from the Open Access Initiative of the
Soros Foundation.
Payment
When the final page charges and author alteration
charges (if any) have been determined, an invoice will be
emailed to the corresponding author. The charges are due
upon receipt of the invoice. The Journal of Vision accepts
Visa or MasterCard payment online and payment by check
or money order. The invoice will include a link to the
online payment site.
Manuscript structure
Authors should organize their paper using the following structure:
Title
Author, Department, Institution, City, State (optional), Country, URL (optional), and email
(optional).
Abstract (approximately 200 words in length)
Keywords
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Appendix (optional)
Footnotes (discouraged)
References
This structure is incorporated into the JOV manuscript
template. All elements below the Keywords should have the
JOV style “jovHeading1”. Theoretical and method articles,
Journal of Vision (2004)
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as well as reviews and comments, may omit elements of this
structure where appropriate. Radical departures from these
guidelines must be justified in comments to the Editor.
JOV Template
Authors should use the JOV manuscript template to
create a Complete JOV manuscript. This template is a Microsoft Word file called jovtemplate. The template is available in a DOC version and an RTF version. This template
can be used to create a new manuscript, or to format an
existing manuscript.
To create a new manuscript
1. Open the template in Microsoft Word.
2. Save the file under a new name.
3. Enter content into the appropriate sections, and
apply the JOV styles as described below.
To format an existing manuscript
1. Open the template in Microsoft Word.
2. Position the cursor at the start of the second section (just before the word Introduction).
3. From Insert menu, choose File and select the file
of your existing manuscript. Its contents will be inserted at the location of the cursor.
4. Save the result under a new name.
5. Begin applying the JOV styles as they are defined in
the template.
Additional steps:
1. Delete the material that was in the original template.
2. Add a list of the authors’ last names as the leftmost
item in the header of Section 2.
JOV Styles
The JOV template incorporates the JOV styles listed in
Table 2, which should be used everywhere possible.
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jovTitle
jovAuthor
jovAffiliation
jovAbstract
jovKeywords
jovBodyText
jovBodyTextContinue
jovHeading1
jovHeading2
jovHeading3
jovFigure
jovBlockText
jovHeader1
jovHeader2
jovList
jovNumberedList
jovEquation
jovReference
jovCaption
jovTable
jovTableCaption
jovTableNotes
Table 2. JOV styles.
If the JOV template is used in Microsoft Word, these
styles will appear as Word styles. Many will have already
been applied to various elements in the template. If you are
using a recent version of Word, and you are using a version
of the template with a “.doc” extension, a toolbar should
appear with many of the styles in it as buttons, which can
be used to quickly apply the styles to the manuscript. To
apply a style, place the cursor in the target paragraph, or
select the relevant text, and click on the desired button.
Block text
Block text like this should be used for program
code or other literal text. It should be considered a figure and accompanied by a figure caption. It has the style jovBlockText.
Figure 1. This is an example of a caption for block text.
Figures
Preparing your graphics properly is an important step
in creating a complete and problem-free submission. To
achieve the highest quality in the final product, it is vital
that graphics be created properly and submitted in the correct format.
Vector and raster graphics
Digital graphics are of two distinct types: vector and
raster. Raster graphics consist of rectangular arrays of colored pixels—digital photographs are an example. Vector
graphics consist of symbols and numbers representing coordinates and properties of points, lines, areas, and other
graphic elements. Each type—vector or raster—is suited to a
particular class of material. Raster is best for photographs,
and vector is best for line drawings and most computergenerated art. Visual stimuli that are generated as rasters,
such as gratings, Gabor functions, or other continuous-tone
images, are also naturally represented as rasters. A primary
virtue of vector art is that it is "resolution-independent,"
meaning that lines and edges will remain straight and sharp
at whatever size it is presented. Raster graphics, on the contrary, have a fixed number of pixels, so as they are enlarged
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edges become jagged or blurry, depending on the method
of display.
Because of its superior rendered quality, vector art is
required for all graphics that can be represented in vector
form. Further, we ask that the vector art be submitted as
EPS files or PDF files.
If you are in doubt as to whether a graphic is better
represented as vector or raster art, please contact our
Production Editor for advice.
EPS format
EPS (Encapsulated Postscript) is a graphic file format
that is suited to containing vector art. Many graphics programs can save art directly as an EPS file. Consult the FAQ
for specific advice on creating EPS files from specific platforms and applications.
PDF format
If your graphics program cannot produce an EPS file,
we can accept a PDF file of the art. On many computer
systems, a PDF file can be produced by “printing” to the
PDF file. Consult the FAQ for specific advice on creating
PDF files from specific platforms and applications.
Graphs
When choosing an application to use in plotting data,
make sure that it can produce vector art files (PICT, EPS,
PDF). Examples are MATLAB, Mathematica, Excel, Adobe
Illustrator, as well as many plotting programs.
Our general philosophy is that graphs are pictures of
data, and that extraneous elements should be eliminated.
The following are some general rules for graphs:
1.
Use the Helvetica font.
2.
Use approximately 10-point type for axis numbers,
and 12-point type for axis labels.
3.
The type should be about the size of type in the
body text, when the figure is created at the desired
size.
4.
Do not use boldface.
5.
Do not use too wide a range of font sizes (less than
a range of 8 points).
6.
Do not use 3D shapes for 2D data.
7.
Do not use bar charts when line graphs will do.
8.
Do not place a title at the top of the figure; this
should go in the figure caption.
9.
Do not draw lines or shadows around the outside
of the figure.
10.
Use color to distinguish data series, or for other
useful didactic purposes, but not for decoration.
11.
Capitalize the first letter of the first word in the
axis labels.
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12.
13.
If the axis labels include units, place them in parentheses.
Avoid repeating axis labels in multi-panel figures.
Placing figures in the manuscript
Each figure should be placed in the manuscript after
the paragraph in which it is first mentioned. Figures should
be numbered sequentially in order of appearance. Each
figure should be given the JOV style jovFigure. Do not
place the figure within a text box or frame, and do not insert as a floating object. Instead insert “inline with text” as
specified in the layout option in the Format–>Picture
menu. Do not precede or follow the picture with section
breaks.
Figure captions
Each figure should be followed by a caption. The caption should have the JOV style jovCaption. In Microsoft
Word, figure captions may be inserted using the command
Insert–>Caption. Here is an example of a figure and caption:
1.5
Position (cm)
Journal of Vision (2004)
1
0.5
0
- 0.5
-1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Time (s)
Figure 2. This is a figure caption. It has the style jovCaption.
When you refer to a figure in the text, use the Insert–
>Cross-reference command, as in this example (see Figure
2). This will create a link between the cross-reference and
the figure, and will keep the figure number updated correctly.
Sizing of figures
Each figure should be scaled to a size appropriate for
inclusion in the article. Since the PDF version of the article
will be in two-column format, this means that the figure
must fit within one 3.6-inch-wide column, or if required,
span two columns (7.5 inches). Some general rules for figure sizes are as follows:
1. Figures should be large enough to clearly show the
smallest important detail.
2. As an electronic journal, we are not constrained by
page limits, and are more tolerant of large figures.
3. A single data graph will usually fit within one column.
Journal of Vision (2004)
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4. Two side-by-side graphs will usually require more
than one column.
5. All data points should be clearly visible.
6. Text in a figure should be legible, and about the
same size or a little larger than type in the article.
7. To scale a figure that has been inserted in an Microsoft Word document, select the figure and either drag on the handles or use the Format–
>Picture command.
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odic, submit just one cycle of the movie, which can be
made to loop. By experimenting one can usually find a display size and compression method that yields high quality
at moderate file size. Although we have at present no rigid
limit on file size, sizes larger than several megabytes may tax
the patience of the reader.
To indicate the desired location and size of the movie
in the paper, place a still image from the movie in the
manuscript. Give it the JOV style jovFigure. Follow this
with a caption. Here is an example.
Figures for production
When you submit your final production materials, you
must provide each figure as a separate file in the appropriate format. For vector art, this is an EPS or a PDF file. For
raster art, it can be any of the widely used raster formats
such as TIFF, JPEG, BMP, GIF. Be sure that the raster has
a high enough resolution. If the raster is a stimulus, “high
enough resolution” means the resolution at which it was
used in the experiment. If it is a photograph of apparatus,
make sure that it is high enough to produce high quality in
the published article. If a figure includes both raster and
vector art (such as a digital photograph with labels) it is best
to submit the figure as an EPS file (which can include both
raster and vector art). Adobe Illustrator is a useful tool for
creating, assembling, or editing EPS files.
Movie 1. A Gabor function.
When the article is published, we will replace the still
image with the actual movie in both HTML and PDF versions.
Movies
Tables
Movies are a unique and powerful capability of Journal
of Vision. They are particularly well suited to depicting
stimuli used in vision science experiments. They may also
be used to illustrate an apparatus, procedure, or even experimental results, such as eye-movement traces. We encourage authors to consider whether a movie would enhance the communication of their ideas.
At present, Journal of Vision uses movies in QuickTime
format. This format is playable on most computer platforms, and is well supported by current browsers. Many
applications will allow you to save a sequence of images as a
QuickTime movie (Mathematica, MATLAB, PowerPoint,
LiveMotion). It is also possible to create a QuickTime
movie using the inexpensive QuickTime Player application.
The PsychophysicsToolbox software also provides tools for
creating QuickTime movies, especially from laboratory
stimuli. ShowTime is an extension to both Mathematica
and MATLAB that enables easy creation of QuickTime
movies from within general computational environments.
When you submit a movie to JOV, make the file as
small as possible. To do this, you must give some thought
to the size at which the movie will be displayed, and to the
content of the movie. Applications such as QuickTime
Player Pro will allow you to change the display size of your
movie, and also to select from among various compression
schemes, which will affect the file size. If the movie is peri-
Each table should be inserted into the text near to
where it is first mentioned. In Word, tables should be created with the Insert Table command.
Do not include a box around the table, and do not
separate each row and column with a line. Use lines only to
separate header rows or columns, or significant groupings
of data.
A caption should follow the table. The table itself
should have the style jovTable, and the table caption
should have the style jovCaption.
In Microsoft Word, the caption can be inserted using
the Insert–>Caption command. This has the advantage of
updating the caption number if another table is added, and
of automatically creating a bookmark for hyperlinking. References to the table can then be made with the Insert–
>Cross-Reference command.
The following is an example of a correctly formatted
and styled table.
Journal of Vision (2004)
Label a
Label b
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Label 1
1
3
Label 2
2
4
7
find and select the corresponding bookmark
eqn01, and click OK.
Table 3. A table caption. These are some notes for this table.
Citation hyperlinks
Hyperlinks
The year of each citation in the text should be linked
to the corresponding reference in the Reference List at the
end of the article. Details of how to do this are available in
the section References.
Links are an important part of each JOV article. Links
should be inserted for each of the following manuscript
elements.
Figure hyperlinks
1.
2.
3.
In Microsoft Word, select the figure and its caption, and select menu Insert–>Bookmark.
Give the bookmark a standardized name such as
fig02 for Figure 2.
References to a figure 2 in the text should be written “Figure 2.” Select the text and use the Insert–
>Hyperlink command. Click on the Document tab,
then click on the Locate button, and find and select the corresponding bookmark fig02, and click
OK.
Reference hyperlinks
Each reference in the Reference List should be linked,
where possible, to the MEDLINE/PubMed entry, or to the
full text of the article if freely available online. Details of
how to do this are available in the section References.
Footnotes
Footnotes are strongly discouraged in Journal of Vision.
Material considered for a footnote can usually be inserted
in the main text, in parentheses if necessary. If a footnote is
essential it should be placed in a separate section after Acknowledgements and before References. Each footnote
should be given the JOV style jovFootnote.
Auxiliary files
Table hyperlinks
1.
2.
3.
In Microsoft Word, select the table and its caption,
and select menu Insert–>Bookmark.
Give the bookmark a standardized name such as
table03 for Table 3.
References to a table 3 in the text should be written “Table 3.” Select the text and use the Insert–
>Hyperlink command. Click on the Document tab,
then click on the Locate button, and find and select the corresponding bookmark table03, and
click OK.
Equation hyperlinks
In-text citations of an equation should be hyperlinked
to the equation.
1. Select the complete equation.
2. Use the Insert–>Bookmark command, and enter a
standardized name such as eqn01. The name
should be simple but should uniquely identify the
equation. Click Add.
3. References to an equation 1 in the text should be
written “Equation 1.” Select the text and use the
Insert–>Hyperlink command. Click on the Document tab, then click on the Locate button, and
Auxiliary files are documents that you would like to
link to from your article, but that do not appear in the article itself except as a link. Five examples are extra figures,
computer code, demonstrations, images of actual stimuli,
and data files.
Computer code
Computer code may be submitted as plain text, or in
the native file format of the language (e.g. MATLAB or
Mathematica). These latter types are in fact text files, with
special extensions. Binary or executable formats will not be
accepted.
Extra figures
These may be figures that illustrate or expand a point
but do not warrant space in the article itself. They should
be submitted as high quality PDF files.
Demonstrations
Authors may provide demonstrations that employ file
formats or technologies other than the standard QuickTime movie, for example SMIL files or Flash files.
Stimulus images or movies
Authors may provide digital copies of actual stimulus
images or movies. This may assist others in understanding
or replicating their experiments.
Journal of Vision (2004)
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Data files
Data files should be in plain text form, using a formats
such as CSV, and should be documented in the article or
in the file itself.
Math
Journal of Vision accommodates math of two sorts: display equations, which are set off on a separate line and are
usually numbered, and inline math, consisting of mathematical expressions within a line of text. Both types of material can be handled in either of two ways: using MathType
(or equivalently, Equation Editor), or using text and the
Symbol font. Each approach has its pros and cons, but for
all but the simplest display equations, we recommend the
MathType solution. Among other advantages, the default
fonts and styles used by MathType conform to the conventions followed by Journal of Vision for mathematical material. For inline math, text is prefered.
MathType preferences file
If you are using MathType to compose your math,
download the MathType preferences file jovpdf.eqp. This
will ensure that your math has the required styles and font
sizes for JOV.
Math style conventions
JOV follows standard scholarly publishing conventions
for mathematical fonts and styles. Our standards include
the following:
Scalar variables
Numbers
Function names
Vectors
Matrices
Times italic, lowercase
Times normal
Times normal
Times bold, lowercase
Times bold, uppercase
a
3
Sin
b
K
1. Use 11 point type for all math if using text.
2. Avoid multi-letter text names for new function
names, variables, or subscripts; instead use single
characters and define in the text.
3. Avoid the use of “∗” for multiplication.
4. Every significant equation should be numbered.
5. Display equations are considered part of the text,
and as such should include appropriate punctuation. If they conclude a sentence, they should be
followed with a period.
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a tab and then use Insert Equation Number from the
MathType menu. The paragraph should have the style
jovEquation. Here is an example
Φ (x, y,t) =
L (x, y, t) − L (t)
,
L (t )
(1)
which is followed by text. A paragraph following a display
equation with a continuation of the sentence or paragraph
should have the style jovBodyTextContinue.
Display equations using text
Start a new paragraph with the style jovEquation. Type
the equation, including needed terminal punctuation, insert a tab, and then type in an equation number, enclosed
in parentheses. Here is an example:
a = b + 1/c2 .
(2)
In-line math using MathType
From within Microsoft Word or other word-processing
program, select Insert Inline Equation from the MathType
menu. Create the equation.
In-line math using text
Use regular text and the Symbol font, as in this example, L(x,y,t) = σ wTI(x,y,t). Select the expression and set it to
the Times font. Then set any symbol characters to the
Symbol font. Use the JOV math style conventions. Avoid
special characters as they may not render properly in the
HTML version of the article.
Statistical symbols
In general, JOV follows the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association with regard to usage
and style for statistical symbols. All symbols should be typeset in italics. Some of the more common symbols are: df, F,
MSE, N, p, SD, SE, and SEM.
Acknowledgements
This section may be used to acknowledge support from
granting agencies, as well assistance from colleagues. It
should also include lines describing commercial relationships (if any), as well as the name, address, and email of the
corresponding author. Consult recent papers for examples.
References
Display equations using MathType
Citations in the text
From within Microsoft Word or other word-processing
program, select Insert Display Equation from the MathType
menu. Create the equation, and when you are done, insert
Our treatment of cited material closely follows the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Citations in the text should appear as (Author, Date),
Journal of Vision (2004)
Watson
with multiple references listed alphabetically and separated
by a semicolon. When there are more than three authors,
all should be listed on first appearance, but on subsequent
appearances use “et al.” for all authors but the first. If this
leads to ambiguity with another reference, use as many authors as necessary to resolve the ambiguity.
Reference list
The complete references for all cited materials should
appear in a separate section at the end of the article and
should be listed alphabetically by authors and date. References should be formatted according to the APA style.
Consult any paper in the journal for examples of APA style.
After insertion in the manuscript reference section, each
reference should be given the JOV style jovReference.
The EndNote bibliographic application will automatically format your references in the APA style. A copy of the
APA EndNote style file is available for Apple Mac OS, and
for Windows. It will also enable you to maintain a personal
bibliographic database, and to search MEDLINE and other
online databases for specific references. It can also assist in
inserting PubMed links into your paper.
References from JOV articles
Articles from JOV should be cited using the format
that appears on the abstract page of the article, under the
heading “Citation.” This format includes the URL and the
DOI of the article.
Citation hyperlinks
Each bibliographic citation in the text should hyperlink
to the corresponding entry in the Reference List. First, insert a bookmark for each reference.
1. Select the first reference in the reference list.
2. Use the Insert–>Bookmark command, and enter a
standardized name such as andrews1979. The
name should be simple but should uniquely identify the reference. Click Add.
3. Repeat for each reference in the Reference List.
Then make a hyperlink from the date of each citation in
the text.
1. Select the date within the first in-text citation, such
as (Andrews & Pollen, 1979).
2. Use the Insert–>HyperLink command. Click on
the Document tab, then click on the Locate button, and under Bookmarks find and select the corresponding bookmark andrews1979. Click OK.
3. Repeat for each in-text citation.
Reference hyperlinks
At the end of each reference in the Reference List, insert a link to PubMed, and, where possible, to the free full
text of the article.
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Link to PubMed
PubMed contains citation data for most biomedical
and neuroscience journals, as well as many psychology
journals. It does not contain data for books, or for many
very old citations.
1. Go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
2. Enter enough search information to locate the reference. The reference will have link, highlighted in
blue.
3. Copy the link (in many browsers this is done by
holding the cursor over the link and doing command-click)
4. Back in your Reference List, after the period at the
end of the reference, insert one space and the text
“[PubMed]”.
5. Select the text “PubMed.” Use the Insert–
>HyperLink command. Click on the Web page
tab, and in the Link To: box, paste the link. This
link should look something like:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retri
eve&db=PubMed&list_uids=430391&dopt=Abstract.
The number in “list_uids=430391” identifies each reference. Here is an example of a formatted, styled reference
with a PubMed link.
Andrews, B. W., & Pollen, D. A. (1979). Relationship between spatial frequency selectivity and receptive field
profile of simple cells. Journal of Physiology, 287, 163176. [PubMed]
Link to article
If the full text of an article is freely available online
from the publishing journal, a link should be inserted to
the text “[Article]” at the end of the reference.
1. Copy the URL for the article.
2. Back in your Reference List, insert the text “[Article]” at the end of the reference.
3. Select the text “Article.” Use the Insert–
>HyperLink command. Click on the Web page
tab, and in the Link To: box, paste the URL.
Here is an example of a formatted styled reference with
both a PubMed and an article link.
Roorda, A., & Williams, D. R. (2002). Optical fiber properties of individual human cones. Journal of Vision,
2(5), 404-412, http://journalofvision.org/2/5/4/,
doi:10.1167/2.5.4. [PubMed] [Article]
Journal of Vision (2004)
Watson
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Journal of Vision uses a graphic icon to represent each
paper on the Table of Contents for each issue, as well as in
the Table of Contents for the entire journal. The author
should submit an icon with the final production version of
the manuscript. The icon should be 96x96 pixels in size,
and should illustrate or exemplify the topic of the paper.
Natural examples are stimuli or figures of results from the
paper. Consult previous issues for examples. Here are some
summary rules for icons:
1. 96 x 96 pixels in size
2. GIF or JPEG format
3. May be an animated GIF
4. If using type, ensure it is legible in the final icon.
50 deg/s
Icons
Baseline
Response
Latency
0 deg/s velocity
Several example icons from the journal are shown in
Figure 3.
Eye Velocity Trace
0
0
100
200
300
400
-15
500
Time (ms)
(a)
Figure 3. Example icons from Journal of Vision.
(b)
Making an icon from a figure
Figure 4a shows an example of a figure from a JOV paper, and Figure 4b shows the icon that was derived from it.
Note how most text was removed, and the remaining text
was greatly enlarged. Likewise many graphic elements were
removed, and remaining ones thickened. In general, reduce
the figure to its most important, strongest graphic elements,
and don’t waste any pixels on unnecessary borders or margins.
Useful tools for creating and editing icons are Adobe
Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, and GraphicConverter. If an
original figure is an EPS file, it can be opened in Illustrator,
the graphic elements can be edited and adjusted in fontsize
and thickness, and the result can then be saved as a small
GIF version using the “File–>Save for web” function. Photoshop and GraphicConverter can be used to edit the GIF
image, for example to change the size of the GIF.
Figure 4. Creating an icon from a figure. (a) The figure. (b) The
icon.
Animated icons
Animated icons are a particularly compelling form of
icon. Consult the JOV Table of Contents for some striking
examples. These are almost always a stimulus from the paper, or an illustration of an effect discussed in the paper.
Animated icons should have the animated GIF format. As
with static icons, animated icons must be 96 x 96 pixels in
size. Make sure that the file size is as small as possible, lest
the icon load slowly and diminish the reader’s experience.
Making an animated icon from a QuickTime
movie
1. Open GraphicConverter.
2. Select File–>Convert.
3. Click Batch, and under Possible functions select
Scale, click Add, and set target size to 96 x 96 pixels.
Journal of Vision (2004)
Watson
4. Select Dest. Format as GIF, in Options, select Create movie.
5. Click Convert.
6. A dialog box may appear. Select All available
frames.
7. Sometimes this creates a movie, other times it creates a set of still images.
8. In the latter case, select Convert, select all stills, select GIF as output, in Options, select Create
movie.
Submitting your manuscript
To submit a completed manuscript to Journal of Vision,
go to http://jov.manuscriptcentral.com/ and follow the
instructions. In general the process consists of entering information such as author names, affiliations, manuscript
title, etc., and then identifying the files you would like uploaded to the site.
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AppleWorks
http://www.apple.com/appleworks/
AppleWorks is an office application suite from Apple
Computer. It can open the JOV template file jovTemplate.doc, and preserve the styles and layout of the template, allowing authors to create their manuscript using
JOV styles and layout.
EndNote
http://endnote.com/
This program formats bibliographic references in designated styles. It can also maintain a personal bibliographic
database, and can fetch references from online databases
such as PubMed.
Equation Editor
Equation Editor is a built-in equation editor in Microsoft Word.
GraphicConverter
The following are a number of applications that may be
useful in the preparation of a JOV article.
http://www.lemkesoft.com/
This inexpensive program is very useful for editing
raster graphic images, for converting between image formats, and for creating animated GIF icons.
Adobe Acrobat
Mathematica
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/
This program reads and writes PDF files. A free Acrobat Reader can only read files, while a plug-in PDFViewer
allows reading of PDF files from within a browser.
http://www.wolfram.com/
A high-level mathematical programming environment
with excellent graphics capabilities. It can be used to create
graphs, images, and movies.
Adobe Illustrator
MathType
http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator/
This program can create and edit vector art and can
read and write EPS files.
http://mathtype.com/
MathType is an equation editor that works with Microsoft Word as well as other word-processing applications.
Adobe LiveMotion
MATLAB
http://www.adobe.com/products/livemotion/
This program is useful for creating animated GIF icons.
It enables the preparation of a movie through assembly of
various graphic elements, which can then be saved as an
animated GIF.
http://www.mathworks.com/
A mathematical programming environment that is specialized for discrete math and matrix manipulation. It has
excellent graphics capabilities and can be used to create
graphs, images, and movies.
Adobe Photoshop
Microsoft Word
http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/
This program creates and edits raster images.
http://www.microsoft.com/office/
A word-processing application. We accept manuscripts
formatted as an Microsoft Word file, which usually has
the extension .doc.
Tools
APA Publication Manual
This is an excellent guide to the conventions followed
by Journals of the American Psychological Association (APA).
JOV follows these conventions in most respects. The book
may be purchased online.
QuickTime Pro
http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/
Journal of Vision (2004)
Watson
QuickTime Player is a QuickTime media player from
Apple Computer. A “pro” version is avaible at a modest
charge ($29.95) which allows editing of QuickTime files.
FAQ
How do I create an EPS figure from an Excel
graph?
Prepare the figure in Excel. The following are some
special tips for Excel graphs:
1. Avoid gridlines unless they serve a clear purpose.
2. Avoid “3D” chart effects for 2D data.
3. For standard data graphs, use the Chart Type of
XY (Scatter).
4. Select the Chart Area and use the Format command to set Area and Border to None.
5. Select the Plot Area and use the Format command
to set Area and Border to None.
6. In general, excel defaults to symbols that are too
small. Consider enlarging them, unless that would
result in clutter. Select the data series, and use the
Format command.
7. Adjust the size of the figure to approximate on
screen the size at which you would like the figure
to appear in the paper.
8. Select the Chart Area, and use the Format command to set the font to 12 point Helvetica. Select
the axis labels and set the font size to 14 point. Adjust other font sizes as desired. Avoid boldface text.
9. When the figure is in final form, there are two options for saving it as a vector art file.
Option 1 (requires Adobe Illustrator)
1. In Excel, select the Chart Area, choose Copy.
2. Open Adobe Illustrator, use the File–>New command to open a new file.
3. Paste the chart in the Illustrator file.
4. This technique may leave vertically rotated text as a
raster image, rather than text. If so, replace with
text.
5. Choose File–>Save As. In the dialog box, select
Format: and select Illustrator EPS (EPS), and save
the file with a standard name such as fig01.eps.
Option 2
1. In Excel, select the Chart Area, and choose File–
>Print Preview.
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2. Click on the Setup button, and in the dialog box
click the Chart tab, and under Printed Chart Size,
choose Custom. Click OK. This will preserve the
size and aspect ratio of the figure.
3. Click on the Print button, and print the figure to a
PDF file with a standard name such as fig01.pdf.
4. (Optional) In illustrator, open the PDF file, adjust
as desired. Choose File–>Save As. In the dialog
box, select Format: and select Illustrator EPS
(EPS), and save the file with a standard name such
as fig01.eps.
5. (Optional) In illustrator, review symbol shapes. If
they are missing a corner (e.g. from diamonds),
then select one data point, choose Select-Same–
>Fill & Stroke command, and then in the Stroke
window, choose Projecting Cap from the Cap Options.
How do I create an EPS figure from a
PowerPoint slide?
See How do I create an EPS figure from an Excel
graph?
How do I create an EPS figure from a
MATLAB graph?
1. From the File menu select Save As....
2. Select EPS file format
3. Enter a standardized name such as fig01.eps, and
click OK.
An alternative method is to use a MATLAB print
command. For example the following creates the EPS file
fig02.eps in the current working directory from the current
figure 2:
print -f2 -deps fig02
The general syntax to print to an .eps file is:
print -deps [-f#] filename
where # is the figure number. Leaving out the -f# flag will
just print the "current" figure. The variations of the deps
switch are:
-deps
-depsc
-deps2
-depsc2
% EPS
% EPS Color
% EPS Level 2
% EPS Level 2 Color
Journal of Vision (2004)
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How do I create an EPS figure from a
Mathematica graph?
1. Create the figure in Mathematica. As far as possible, give the figure the final styles, fonts, and sizes
that you desire.
2. Select the figure and use the command: Edit–
>Save Selection As–>EPS.
3. In the resulting dialog, give the file a standard
name like fig01.eps.
4. If you wish, open the EPS file in an EPS editing
program like Adobe Illustrator, and adjust graphic
details.
5. If you are using Microsoft Word to compose the
manuscript, use the command Insert–>Figure
From File and select the file fig01.eps.
6. In Microsoft Word, the file may appear rasterized
(it is only showing you a low-resolution profile). To
verify the final quality, you may wish to print the
manuscript to a PDF file and examine the graphic.
How do I insert an EPS file of a figure into my
paper in Microsoft Word.
1. Use the command Insert–>Figure From File and
select the eps file. It should have a standard name
such as fig01.eps.
2. In Microsoft Word, the file may appear rasterized
(it is only showing you a low-resolution profile). To
verify the final quality, you may wish to print the
manuscript to a PDF file and examine the graphic.
How do I insert a bookmark in Microsoft
Word
A bookmark is an invisible marker within the body of a
Word file to which a hyperlink can be linked. It is analogous to an “anchor” in HTML. To insert a bookmark, select the target material material in the manuscript, and use
the Insert–>Bookmark command.
How do I insert a hyperlink in Microsoft Word
1. Select the text to be included in the hyperlink, and
then select Insert–>Hyperlink (or type CommandK)
2. In the dialog box, select the type of hyperlink desired, and type in or locate the destination.
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How do I create a QuickTime Movie using
Mathematica?
1. Create a sequence of frames in Mathematica using
standard graphics functions.
2. Select the set of frames.
3. Use the command Cell–>Convert To–>QuickTime.
4. In the dialog box, select a format (Graphics works
well for vector art, Motion JPEG will be better for
raster art).
5. Save with a standardized name such as
movie01.mov.
How do I create a QuickTime Movie using
PowerPoint
1. Create a series of slides, one for each distinct frame
in your movie. Use the drawing tools, or paste material from other applications, to create the slides.
2. Choose Save as from the File menu
3. In the Format pull-down menu choose PowerPoint
Movie
The result is a QuickTime movie. You can use a
QuickTime editing program such as QuickTime Player Pro
to change properties of the movie, such as size, frame rate,
or how it is compressed.
Tips
Keep PubMed links in your EndNote
database
If you use EndNote, each record has a URL field in
which you can store the link to PubMed. In fact, if you collect the record from PubMed using EndNote’s Connect
feature, then the URL will already be there!
If you are ambitious, you can modify the output style to
add the text of the URL at the end of the formatted bibliographic entry in your article. That will make it easier to add
the link to PubMed.
Glossary
DOC
The designation of a Microsoft Word file. These files
usually have the extension .doc.
DOI
Digital object identifier. This is a mechanism for identifying digital objects. Each JOV article has a DOI which
for the example of volume 4, issue 6, article 7 would be
Journal of Vision (2004)
doi:10.1167/4.6.7. For
http://www.doi.org/.
Watson
more
information
consult
CSV
CSV (comma-separated-values) is a widely used format
for tabular data such as spreadsheets. Items are separated by
commas, and rows are separated by carriage returns. The
file extension is usually .csv.
EPS
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JOV article is accompanied by a link to the corresponding
PubMed entry. To try the PubMed search engine, go to
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/.
QuickTime
http://www.apple.com/quicktime/
QuickTime is a multimedia format developed by Apple
Computer that is useful for storing digital video. QuickTime movies can be played from within HTML web pages
or PDF files on a wide variety of computer platforms. It is
the format used by JOV for movies, and usually has the
extension .mov.
Encapsulated Postscript (EPS) is a widely-used file format for pictures. It is based on the PostScript language, and
is particularly well-suited to containing vector art. It can
also contain both raster and vector art. Adobe Illustrator is
a usful tool for editing EPS files. EPS files can be inserted
into a Microsoft Word file through the Insert–>Picture
from file command. The file extension is usually .eps.
Raster Art
GIF
RTF
Graphics Interchange Format: A Standard format for
representing graphic images, especially on the web. This
format can also contain animations (“animated gif”). The
file extension is usually .gif.
Rich Text Format (RTF) is a standard format for representing word processing files that include formatting, styles,
and graphics. Many word processing applications will write
to and/or read from an RTF file. The file extension is usually .rtf.
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is a file format often used for raster images. It is a compressed format,
and is best suited to continuous tone color or grayscale images, especially photographs. JPEG images can be inserted
into a Microsoft Word file through the Insert–>Picture
from file command. The file extension is usually .jpg.
PDF
Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format that
promises device-independent representation of text and
graphics. Developed and promoted by Adobe, it can be
viewed using many browsers on many computer platforms.
It can also be edited using the Adobe Illustrator program.
Like EPS files, it is suited to representation of vector art or
vector/raster compositions. Many applications can “print”
directly to a PDF file. The file extension is usually .pdf.
PubMed/MEDLINE
MEDLINE is a public database of bibliographic data
on publications in biology and medicine, maintained by
the National Library of Medicine. PubMed is an online
interface to this database, which allows easy searching for
references as well as other information. Each reference in a
Graphics composed of rectangular arrays of pixels.
Digital photographs are an example. Typical file formats for
raster art are TIFF, JPEG, GIF.
TIFF
Tag Image File Format (TIFF) is a file format often
used for raster images. The file extension is usually .tif.
URL
A uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a means of locating resources on the internet. The URL for JOV is
http://journalofvision.org/. For more information, consult
the World Wide Web Consortium.
Vector Art
Graphics composed of symbolic graphics primitives,
such as points, lines, color descriptors, and filled areas.
Postscript drawings are an example. The EPS file format is
capable of storing vector art.
Files mentioned in this document
jovpdf.eqp
jovtemplate.doc
jovtemplate.rtf