1. No category

How to keep up with
literature ?
PPT presentation by prof. dr. J. Feyen
March 2003
Content
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Why keeping up with literature ?
What is available ?
How to get access to information ?
How to search on the web in an effective way ?
Referencing
Where to invest in first ?
References
Content
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Why keeping up with literature ?
What is available ?
How to get access to information ?
How to search on the web in an effective way ?
Referencing
Where to invest in first ?
References
Why keeping up with literature ?
• To know what already has been investigated (why,
where and how).
• As a basis for the formulation of research
hypotheses.
• Learn more about existing methods and their
application.
• Planning of laboratory and field experiments.
• To be able to write good research papers and
winning research proposals.
Content
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Why keeping up with literature ?
What is available ?
How to get access to information ?
How to search on the web in an effective way ?
Referencing
Where to invest in first ?
References
What is available ?
• Current situation:
– > 10,000 e-journals (e.g.: Academic Press,
Blackwell, Elsevier, W.H. Freeman, Kluwer,
MacGraw Hill, InterScience Publishers, MIT
Press, Oxford University Press, Prentice-Hall
Academic, Springer Verlag, among many other
publishers).
– > 500 databases (e.g. Web of Science, Inspec,
Sociological Abstracts, PCI, Medline, ...).
Content
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Why keeping up with literature ?
What is available ?
How to get access to information ?
How to search on the web in an effective way ?
Referencing
Where to invest in first ?
References
How to get access to
information ?
• Situation at K.U.Leuven: LibriSource.
• Journal titles or databases can be found:
– by letter of alphabet; or
– searching on (part of) title
• and/or subject
• and/or type of source
• Free access for K.U.Leuven staff and students
connected to KotNet !
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• In Europe, US Æ easy + cheap for the end-user.
• And how in the developing countries Æ Google,
Yahoo, or any other search engine “or” surf directly
to the journal of interest.
• Bottle neck is the subscription fee for access to the
full-text of e-journals.
• International Network for the Availability of
Scientific Publications (INASP).
How to get access to
information ?
• The International Network for the Availability of
Scientific Publications (INASP) is a programme of
the International Council for Science (ICSU).
• INASP established in 1992.
• INASP is a co-operative network of over 3000
partners.
• Aim is to improve world-wide access to information
and knowledge through capacity building in
developing and transitional countries.
How to get access to
information ?
• Information on INASP activities can be found at
the following website: http://www.inasp.org.uk; by
mailing to: [email protected]; or writing to INASP,
27 Park End Street, Oxford, OX1 1HU, UK.
• Website gives an overview of all core activities
(from advisory to liaison services to provision of
links and resources, internal publications, library and
publishing support activities, PERI , HINARI,
among others).
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• PERI: Programme for the Enhancement of
Research Information.
• Core activities:
– Delivering information;
– Disseminating national and regional research;
– Enhancing ICT Skills; and
– Strengthening local publishing.
• Through the implementation of affordable and
sustainable capacity building.
How to get access to
information ?
• PERI is active in Africa, South East Asia, Central
and South America, Newly Independent States of
the former Soviet Union (NIS).
• Negotiations are ongoing with Bolivia, Ecuador and
other countries in Central and South America.
• INASP has recently been invited to undertake
feasibility surveys in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh;
Armenia, Kazakhstan & Ukraine.
How to get access to
information ?
– PERI is planned and implemented by Country
Coordinators (PERI Coordinating teams).
– PERI negotiates with publishers (from individual project; to
institutional level; to country-wide access licences; 90-100%
discount; and 3-year licensing periods).
– PERI includes the complete suites of journals from any one
publisher (on-line full-text journals, and awarness resources).
– PERI is open to all researchers, academics and professionals
in a non commercial environment through country-wide
access licenses.
– PERI provides access on-line and CD ROM where available
from the local site.
– PERI has 5 f/t + 3 p/t professional staff [+ additional 8
INASP staff].
How to get access to
information ?
• Awarness resources:
– African Journals On-Line (AJOL);
– British Library - Inside Web - indexes the ToCs of 20,000+
research journals;
– CAB International - CAB Abstracts, CAB HEALTH;
– EBSCO Academic Search Premier, Business Source Premier,
Health Source Plus, ERIC, Medline;
– SciELO journals (Latin American bio-medical journals);
and
– SilverPlatter abstracting & indexing databases: (Pascal
SciTech, Pascal Biomed, MEDLINE+, FRANCIS,
SilverLinker).
How to get access to
information ?
• Full-text journals resources:
– Blackwell Publishers 600+ journals in Science,
Technology, Medicine, Social Sciences & Humanities;
– The Cochrane Library – medicine and health databases
and reviews;
– EBSCO Publishing 5,500+ journals in science,
technology, medicine, agriculture, social sciences and
humanities + CD ROMs; content from 200+ leading
publishers;
– Oxford University Press (120 titles);
– The Royal Society (4 titles);
– Springer Verlag (432 titles);
– TEEAL;
How to get access to
information ?
• Full-text journals (continued):
– Institute of Physics Publishing – 36 journals in all
disciplines of physics from one of the world’s most
respected physics publishers;
– CABI – abstract & full text journals, databases and
compendia plus leading A&I services in agricultural and
health sciences (trial availability expected Jan./Feb. 2003);
– Emerald – 120 titles in management, information science
and computing (trial availability expected early 2003);
How to get access to
information ?
• Full-text journals (continued):
– Gale Publishers – 2 databases (i) Academic ASAP over
1,200 journal titles, almost 700 in full text and (ii) Health
& Wellness Resource Centre, over 700 journals, ca.300
pamphlets and many encyclopaedia (trial availability
expected Spring 2003);
– Institute of Mechanical Engineers – 16 leading titles for
the research or professional engineer; and
– Royal Society of Chemistry – 27 titles in chemistry and
related disciplines plus A&I databases and possibly some
text books.
How to get access to
information ?
• Examples: African Journals On-Line (AJOL),
SciELO and LATINDEX.
• AJOL
– provides a web presence for on-line Tables of Content
and Abstracts;
– links to full text where electronic full text is available;
– cross-title searching;
– now includes over 120 journals in agricultural sciences;
arts, culture and literature; health and medicine; science
and technology; social sciences; and
– http://www.inasp.info/ajol/index.html
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• Examples: African Journals On-Line (AJOL),
SciELO and LATINDEX.
• SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library On-line)
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• Examples: African Journals On-line (AJOL),
SciELO and LATINDEX.
• LATINDEX
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• HINARI: Health InterNetwork Access to Research
Initiative:
–
–
–
–
2,100 high-quality medical journals;
WHO designated public sites;
Free access for 69 countries 2001, 2002 & 2003;
Charge of US$1000 per institution per year for a further
40 countries; and
– http://www.healthinternetwork.org/
How to get access to
information ?
• HINARI
– HINARI is planned and implemented from Geneva;
– HINARI is open to WHO designated institutional sites;
– HINARI provides on-line access through a central server
in Geneva;
– HINARI includes a carefully chosen selection of health
journals from each publisher;
– HINARI focuses on on-line journals; and
– HINARI has one full-time member of staff + 1
consultant.
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• Field specific websites (e.g., hydrology web:
http://etd.pnl.gov:2080/hydroweb.html; www.iupware.be;
etc.).
• Website was designed for staff, students and alumni as an
exchange platform providing the information for staff,
students and alumni, and linking those actors to the
worldwide domain of water resources engineering.
• IUPWARE has a total number of alumni of 614,
representing 76 nationalities.
• Goal is how to maintain an active interaction with the
alumni.
• Dynamic website offering added-value to all users.
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• Menu: ALUMNI (newsletter, e-learning, list of
alumni, submit your address).
• Menu: LINKS (all, companies, miscellaneous,
publications, research, societies, universities,
websites, add links).
• Menu: PUBLICATIONS (journals, publishers,
databases).
• Menu: WEBSITES (contains the most relevant
addresses of websites in the field of water resources
engineering).
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• Search towards the site of a journal / publisher (e.g.
Water Resources Research (American Geophysical
Society) (can be done in this case from the
IUPWARE’s website (links, publications, journals).
• Main page of journal.
• Selection of volume.
• Selection of paper.
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• Search towards the site of a society (e.g. American
Society of Civil Engineers (can be done in this case
from the IUPWARE’s website (links, societies).
• Main page of society.
• Selection of publications.
• Selection of a journal.
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• Subscribe to ASCE contents Alert E-mail Service
(informed by e-mail of the publication of every new
volume).
• Example of e-mail message.
• J. of Irrig. and Drain. Engng – March / April 2003
Volume 129, Issue 2, pp. 71-147.
• List of papers.
• Abstract of paper.
• Full-text (subscribers only).
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• Engineering databases.
• Infotrieve (PubMed, MEDLine, the Scientific World
Journal, etc.).
• Latest issue of the Scientific World Journal.
• Article search.
How to get access to
information ?
How to get access to
information ?
• If you do not have any clue Æ go to a search engine
such as GOOGLE, YAHOO, ALTA VISTA, etc.
• The internet is like a library with a thousand
catalogs, none of which contains all the books and
all of which classify the books in different categories
- and the books still move around every night. The
problem now is not that of "finding anything" but
finding a particular thing. When your search term in
one of the popular search engines brings back
130,000 hits, you still wonder if the one thing you're
looking for will be among them.
How to get access to
information ?
How to find the information
you need ?
How I can become an effective
internet researcher ?
Content
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why keeping up with literature ?
What is available ?
How to get access to information ?
How to search on the web in an effective way ?
Referencing
Where to invest in first ?
References
How to search on the web in an
effective way ?
• The dream behind the creation of the Internet is the
possibility of universal access in a digital age – where any
author’s work could be available to anyone, anywhere,
anytime. The experience of most people, however, is not that
the Net contains great works and crucial research
information. Instead most of what is there is perceived to be
of low value.
The root of the problem is that authors and publishers
cannot make a living giving away their work.
Mark Stefik in “Trusted Systems”, Scientific American, Vol.
276, No. 3, March 1997.
How to search on the web in an
effective way ?
• The researcher needs to understand where
information is most likely to be found, how it's
organized and how to retrieve it effectively using
computerized search tools. The reference librarian is
an invaluable resource to help teach you and advise
you, but won't be there when you're searching
Yahoo at midnight on the weekend before your
paper's due.
• How to become a skilled researcher in cyberspace ?
How to search on the web in an
effective way ?
• Understand how search engines work:
– Search engines are software tools (also known as spider,
crawler or robot) that allow a user to ask for a list of Web
pages containing the words or phrases specified by the user in
the automated search index;
– All search engines index differently and treat user’s queries
differently (how nice !); and
– Engines may be programmed to look for an exact match or a
close match.
• A search engine (searches on words) is different
from a directory (searches on subject index, e.g. in
the library).
How to search on the web in an
effective way ?
• Some essential browser skills:
– URLs [understand there construction; e.g.
http://www.sampleurl.com/files/howto.html
http://www.bigsite.com/~jonesj/home.html];
– Navigation [be sure you can use your browsers “Go” list,
“History” list, “Back” button and “Location” box where the
URL can be typed in];
– Bookmarks or favorites;
– Printing from the browser [page setup need often to be
adjusted !]; and
– “Saving as” a file; copying and pasting to word processor.
How to search on the web in an
effective way ?
• Search syntax rules (describe how users can query
the database being searched):
– Boolean logic [AND, OR and NOT allows to search for
items containing both terms, either term, or a term only if
not accompanied by another term];
– Wildcards and truncation [syntax allow a symbol in the
middle of the word (wildcard) or only at the end of the
word (truncation); e.g. if you want to search for “woman”
and “women”, use the wildcard such as “wom*n”];
How to search on the web in an
effective way ?
• Search syntax rules (describe how users can query
the database being searched) (continued):
– Phrase searching [e.g. “water resources engineering”];
– Proximity [allows the user to find documents only if the
search terms appear near each other, within so many
words or paragraphs, or adjacent to each other];
– Capitalization [syntax that will distinguish capital from
lower case letters];
– Field searching [allows to search for terms appearing in a
particular field; e.g. “Freud” AND “Jung” in the domain
umich.edu];
How to search on the web in an
effective way ?
• Search syntax rules (describe how users can query
the database being searched) (continued):
– Phrase searching [e.g. “water resources engineering”];
– Proximity [allows the user to find documents only if the
search terms appear near each other, within so many
words or paragraphs, or adjacent to each other];
– Capitalization [syntax that will distinguish capital from
lower case letters]; and
– Field searching [allows to search for terms appearing in a
particular field; e.g. “Freud” AND “Jung” in the domain
umich.edu].
How to search on the web in an
effective way ?
• Information “found” and “not found” on the Web:
– Until 1994 or 1995, most of the information on the
internet (which then migrated to the Web) was posted by
scientists, educators, students and the government. Since
then, commercial use of the Web has exploded and so
has the posting of hobby pages or personal home pages;
and
– What is not on the Web covers on average 85 to 90% of
the contents of a university library’s collection. Which
means that researchers still have to spend a good portion
of their research time in the library rather than on the
Web (situation is however changing rapidly !).
Content
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Why keeping up with literature ?
What is available ?
How to get access to information ?
How to search on the web in an effective way ?
Referencing
Where to invest in first ?
References
Referencing
• Referencing
– Be prepared to cite your Web references [instructions for
the correct citing of Electronic Sources can be found at
....... ?].
– Let us try GOOGLE !
Referencing
115 results
Referencing
Referencing
Referencing
– Citing Electronic Sources:
© 2003 The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing
Center <[email protected]>
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/electronic.html
– Modern Language Association (MLA):
The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (5th ed.,
1999) recommends the use of a parenthetical system of
documentation. With the MLA parenthetical system,
citations are placed in parentheses within the text. They
point to sources in an alphabetized list of works cited that
appears at the end of the manuscript.
Referencing
– The MLA in-text citations are similar to those used with
the American Psychological Association (APA) system
except that they contain the author's name and the page
number (with no comma in between) instead of the
author's name and the date (with a comma in between) as
in APA.
– Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the
American Psychological Association (APA) can be found
at: http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html
Referencing
– The MLA basic elements of electronic citation can be
summarized as follows:
Electronic citations should follow the same basic format
as their print counterparts, with the same goal in mind that is, to provide readers with a way to locate the
information themselves. Often, extra information may be
necessary (e.g., access date, electronic address) and some
standard information may be unavailable (e.g., page
numbers).
Referencing
• Examples:
– On-line Book
9Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. London, 1861.
Project Guttenberg. 6 Sept. 1998
<ftp://uiarchive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/gutenberg/
etext98/grexp10.txt>.
9MLA on the Web. 1997. Modern Language
Association. 6 Sept. 1998 <http://www.mla.org>.
Referencing
• Examples (continued):
– On-line Articles
9Jaquet, Janine. "Taking Back the People's Air." The
Nation Digital Edition.8 June 1998. 7 Sept. 1998
<http://www.TheNation.com/i980608.htm>.
9Taggart, Stewart. "DNA Testing for the Dogs.“
Wired. 4 Sept. 1998. 6 Sept. 1998
<http://www.wired.com/news/news/technology/sto
ry/14842.html>.
Referencing
• Examples (continued):
– CD-ROM (Periodically published databases)
9Sexton, Joe. "Career in Bodegas Ends in Death of
Man and Son." New York Times 29 July 1995, late ed.:
A21. CD-ROM. Lexis-Nexis. 29 Apr. 2000.
9Van Voorhis, Julie A. "The Sculptor's Workshop at
Aphrodisias (Turkey)." DAI 60 (1999): 5A. New
York U, 1999. Dissertation Abstracts Ondisc. CD-ROM.
UMI-ProQuest. Jul. 1999.
Referencing
• Examples (continued):
– E-mail communication
9Doe, Jane. "Re: Gaskell's Mary Barton." E-mail
to John Smith. 14 July 1998.
9Anderson, Sheila. "Gaskell's earlier letters." E-mail to
author. 16 July 1998.
Referencing
• The Internet Public Library (IPL)
– Citing Electronic Resources provides links to:
9MLA;
9APA;
9On-line! Citation Styles by A. Harnack and E. Kleppinger;
9Citing Electronic Information in History Papers by
Maurice Crouse;
9Cómo citar recursos electrónicos by Assumpció Estivill
and Cristóbal Urbano;
9Citation of Legal and Non-legal Electronic Database
Information by Candace Elliott Person; and
9Yahoo Category: Internet Citation.
Referencing
Content
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Why keeping up with literature ?
What is available ?
How to get access to information ?
How to search on the web in an effective way ?
Referencing
Where to invest in first ?
References
Where to invest in first ?
• In subscription fees to e-journals or a powerful network ?
[should we span the “wagon before the horses” or the “horses
before the wagon” ?].
• Invest in a good cable network first !
• Increase bandwidth if a fiber glass cable system is present
within the university and access is slow !
• If resources are limited, and the transfer of information is
slow, good management techniques can release some dedicated
space on the bandwidth ! Call in specialized staff to examine
all the different ways to optimize use of limited bandwidth.
• Last resource are of course the Internet cafe’s !
Content
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Why keeping up with literature ?
What is available ?
How to get access to information ?
How to search on the web in an effective way ?
Referencing
Where to invest in first ?
References
References
• VLIR workshop on Challenges in Library
Development: Identifying solutions by cooperation (Leuven, Belgium, 11-19 February
2003) (CD-ROM):
– Raf Dekeyser: Electronic documents and publishing.
– Hilde Van Kiel: Electronic documents: access and
administration.
– Carol Priestley: Electronic documents & publishing:
special initiatives with developing countries.
References
• Research & Writing (Latest update June 2002)
School of Information
University of Michigan
412 Maynard Street
Ann Arbor, MI, USA
http://ipl.si.umich.edu/
(The internet library)
http://www.ipl.org/div/teen/aplus/
(Research & Writing)
References
References