1. No category

HEDERA HELIX L. Araliaceae
folium hederae helicis
Drug is the smaller leaves. They contains ca 8%
saponins, mostly α- and β-hederine; also glucoside
scopoline.
The drug is bitter.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Saponins: Expectorant, locally antiseptic, cardiostimulant. Antioedematous, diuretic
Scopoline: Anticholinergic, bronchorelaxant, CNSdepressive
USE
Expectorant and mildly antitussive. Cardiotonic (high
doses).
Chronic bronchial inflammatory states. Pertussis.
Irritating coughs and other irritating pulmonary states
and slight asthma.
DOSES
Doses: 1-5 ml T. up to 10 ml daily. Or extr. fluid. 0,3 up
to 2 ml daily.
Not more than 10 ml extr. Daily.
____
HELIANTHUS ANUUS L. Asteraceae
(Compositae)
flos helianthi sine calycibus
semen helianthi
Drug is the carefully dried petals. They contains volatile
oil with eucalyptol, α-terpineol, menthol, camph,
borneol, p-cymene, linalylacetate and approx. 0,8%
faradiol; a number of glucosides (quercetin, quercetin-3'glucoside etc.), asparaginic- and grandiflorinic acid.
The drug is weakly aromatic.
The seeds contains a large amount of chlorogenic acid.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Faradiol: Antioedemic
Grandiflorinic acid: Uterotonic, antitrypanosomic
Eucalyptol: Antibiotic, fungicide, candidiacide, trichomonicide, antiinflammatory
Alfaterpineol: Antibacterial, antiseptic
Borneol: Antibiotic (staphylococcus, salmonella, coli)
Quercetin-3'-glucoside: Antibacterial
Quercetin, faradiol etc.: Antiinflammatory
Chlorogenic acid:
- Psychostimulant
- Antiviral, anti-Polio, antiherpetic, antiseptic, fungicide,
immunostimulant (enhanced interferone production etc.),
antiinflammatory (lipoxygenase-inhibitor), choleretic,
cholagogue and hepatoprotective
USE
Diuretic. (Uterotonic). Spasmolytic. In infections.
Antimalarial (non-chinine treatable). Antiinflammatory.
Asparagine = Diuretic. Antisickling.
Oedema (cardiac and nephrogenic). Chronic urinary
infections. Infectious or inflammatory complaints in
uterus tract. Dysmenorrhea. Malaria. Benign TBC. In
formulas in infectious diseases.
Asparagin: Diuretic in oedema, Bright's disease and
gout.
Chlorogenic acid: Psychostimulant.
DOSES
Doses: 2-4 g extr. fluid. ad lib.
Not more than 20 g daily of extr.
Asparagine: 300-600 mg x 1-2.
Chlorogenic acid: 25-50 mg x 3-4.
____
HERNIARIA GLABRA L. Caryophyllaceae
herba herniariae
Drug is the outbloomed aerial parts. It contains ca 3%
saponins, 2% flavonoids and 0,06% volatile oil, 3%
coumarin glucosides (e.g umbelliferone).
The drug is bitter and astringent.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Whole drug: Venotonic, antioedemic, antiinflammatory,
expectorant etc.
USE
Diuretic. Expextorant.
Renal oedema. Chronic cysthorrhea. To prevent lithiasis.
Hemorrhoids and varices. Bronchitis in general.
DOSES
Doses: 3-10 ml T. or infusum á 1-6 g ad lib. (also
extern.). Long term use.
Not more than recommended doses.
____
HIPPOPHAË RHAMNOIDES L.
Elaeagnaceae
fructus hippophaë rhamnoides
Drug is the mature fruits (berries). They contains about
1,4% ascorbic acid and other orgranic acids (china- and
citric), carotenoids, xantophyll, lycopene, zeaxanthine,
flavonoids (kaempherol, quercetin, isorhamnetin), 2-5%
oil (kerns 9,2-12,2%) the oil consists of both unsaturated
and polyunsaturated fatty acids including Ω-7-fatty acids
(linolic, linolenic, isolanolenic, oileic, palmitinic,
stearinic, succinic acids etc); phytosterols (mainly βsitosterol).
Drug has a sour taste and a nauseous odour. Pressed
juice is redyellowish with sour taste and a rancid odour.
Note: Leaves contains harmala alkaloids (e.g harmaline).
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USE
Fruit: Urinary antiseptic. Antiscorbutic. Oil: In dry
mucos membranes. Leaves: CNS-stimulant.
Hallucinogenic. Bradycardic. Spinodepressant. Toxic.
Juice: Antiskorbutic. Oil: In dry mucous membranes.
Inflammatory
pains.
Eczema.
Recurrent
urinaryinfections. Gastritis.
DOSES
Doses: 10 cl expressed juice x 2-3 in all conditions. For
dry mucous membranes (the juice or) 1 g oil x 2 in caps.
or as emulsion.
____
HUMULUS LUPULUS L. Cannabinaceae
strobilus lupuli recens
lupulinum
Drug is fresh strobiles or the glands (called lupulinum).
Strobiles contains 15-30% resin with mainly humulone
and lupulone (ca 6%), about 0,5% volatile oil with
humulene, myrcene etc. Lupulinum contains 50-77%
resin and ca 1,3% volatile oil. Both drugs contains
phyto-estrogenic substances, most active is the flavonoid
8-prenylnaringenine.
Both drugs are aromatic but bitter.
Pharmacology in individual components:
8-prenylnaringenine: Binds to both andro- and estrogenic
receptors.
USE
Nervine (mildly hypnotic).
Nervousness and anxiety. Insomnia, esp. in aged or
chronic sick or due to rehabiliation of alcoholism.
Nocturnal and nervous erections in males.
DOSES
Doses: 0,5- 4 ml extract 1:1 of strob. Otherwise 120-300
mg lupulinum in coat. tabl.
Combinations:
With Valeriana, Melissa recens and Passiflora. No
synergic effect is documented however.
Not more than 25 ml extr. daily.
____
HYDNOCARPUS ODORATUS Lindley
Bixinaceae
oleum chaulmoograe, semen chaulmoograe
(oleum hydnocarpi, semen hydnocarpi)
Drug can also be obtained from similar species.
Drug is the dried, smooth, angular seeds or the expressed
oil from this. It contains ca 11,5% hydnocarpic acid
(gynocardic acid), also the similar chaulmoogric acid.
The brownyellowish oil have a peculiar 'oily' taste and
nauseous odour.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Hydnocarpic acid: Antileprosy. Antisyphilitic. Antiluetic. Antiherpetic. Anthelmintic. Antiparasitic.
Chaulmoogric
acid:
Antileprosy,
antibacterial
MIC=32-64 µg/ml
USE
Antileprosy. Antiluetic. Vermifuge. Detoxificant (small
doses and formulas) in schrophulosis, eczema,
rheumatism and in infectious diseases as TBC. Toxic.
Ext.: Antiherpetic. Anti Tinea. Anti Pediculosis. Anti
Psoriasis. Antieczemic.
Leprosy (mainly in the first stage). Secundary syphilis
and symtoms in syphilis. (Phtisis). Helminthiasis.
(Scrophulous states concurrent to chronic infections,
esp. TBC). Skindisorders and rheumatism (formula).
Ext.: Herpes labialis. Herpes genitalis. Tinea.
Pediculosis. Psoriasis. Eczema.
DOSES
Doses: 1/4-1/3 g powder. drug in tabl. or caps.
Or 50-250 mg oil (Children 1-2 drp) up to 3 times a day.
In leprosy treatment in at least 6 month up to 3 years.
Maximum doses:
- Pro die 4 ml oil
Ext.: 25-50% in ointments. Cerate: (oleum chaulmoogr.
2, paraff. liquid. 1, cera flava 5 M. ut. f. Cerat.) - locally.
____
HYDRASTIS CANADENSE L.
Ranunculaceae
rhizoma hydrastidis
The drug is the pulverized, yellowcolored root. It
contains 1-3% hydrastine but also the similar
isochinolinic alkaloids berberine and canadine.
Polyphenolic acids.
The drug is bitter.
USE
Hemostatic.
(Hypotensive).
Immunostimulant.
Hydrastine = Hemostatic. Toxic.
Fibroid bleedings in uterus (myomata). Congestive
dysmenorrhea. Hemorrhagia in endometritis, metritis
and parametritis. Postoperative hemorrhagia. Post
partum hemorrhagia. (Essential hypertonia). Diarrhea.
Infections diseases. Chronic immunodeficiancy (often
with Echinacea).
Ext.: Vaginitis.
DOSES
Doses: In bleedings, hypertension: 0,1-1 g powder. drug
x 3-4 or 30 mg hydrastine chloride acute in bleedings.
In diarrhea: 1-2 g as infusion x 3-4 (short period).
As immunostimulant: 0,05-0,1(-1) g drug daily in tabl. or
Page 31
capsul.
Maximum doses:
- Pro dosi 1 g powder. drug = 30 mg hydrastine chloride
- Pro die 4 g powder. drug = 100 mg hydrast. chlor.
Ext.: Vaginitis (acid. acetic. [29%] 2, t:a hydrastid. 1,
aqua destill. 97) as douche.
- COMT- and MAO-inhibitor
- Antidepressive
- Antiretroviral (HIV, toga, influenza etc.)
Hyperforin: Sedative, antibiotic
Volatile oil: Sedative, antiseptic
Glucosides: Anticonvulsive
Fytoncids: Vulnerary
____
HYOSCYAMUS NIGER L. Solanaceae
folium hyoscyami
Drug is leaves from flowering plants. Drug contains
0,05-0,1%
tropa
alkaloids,
hyoscyamine
and
scopolamine in about equal parts.
The drug has a bitter, slight 'salty' taste.
Extract made from the drug has a greenish brown color.
USE
Anticholinergic. Antemetic. Sedative. Toxic.
Renal or biliary colic. Hypersecretio bronchial. Asthma
bronchiale. Ulcus ventriculi et duodeni (with an
antacide). Spastic colic. Sialorrhea. Motion sickness.
Acute manic episodes with severe anxiety and motoric
disorders. In formula in psychoneurosis.
Ext.: Pain.
DOSES
Doses: 10-100 mg extr. sicc. (1,5:1) or 0,2-0,5 ml T.
(1:5).
Extr. fluid. stand:um (0,3-0,4 % alkaloid.) 0,01-0,1 g x
2-3 (Max. doses 0,2 mg pro dosi and 0,6 g pro die).
Maximum doses:
- Pro dosi 0,3 g drug / 0,2 g extr. sicc.
- Pro die 1,5 g drug / 1 g extr. sicc.
Ext.: In rheumatic pains 'Oleum hyoscyami infusi 15%'
or 'Ol. hyoscyami comp.', 'Oleum tranquillans' (oleum
hyoscyam. inf. 100, aether. absinthii, aether. rosmarini,
aetherolei salviae, aetherolei thymi ää gtt N:o II):
morning and evening. Caution! No overuse.
____
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. Clusiaceae
(Hypericaceae, Guttiferae)
herba hyperici
Drug can be obtained from similar species if they is
made into standardized extracts.
Drug is the flowering tops. They contains 2-4% floroglucinol derivates (e.g hyperforin), 0,1-0,3% diantrone
derivates (mainly hypericine and pseudohypericine), up
to 12% tannins, a small amount volatile oil, 2-4%
flavonoids and fytoncids (novomaine and imanine).
Drug is aromatic and bitter.
Standardized extract is to prefer.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Hypericine, pseudohypericine:
USE
Antidepressive. Sedative. Antienuretic. Anxiolytic. Antiviral. Anti-HIV. Antiflu. Antihepatitic. Antitogavirus.
Antiherpetic. Ext.: Vulnerary. Anestetic. Antihematoma.
Antihemorrhoidal. Photodermatitic.
Mild to moderate depressions (reactive or symtomatic).
Anxiety and panic attacks. Obsessive-compulsive
disorders. Psychosomatic disorders, enures and
climacterial disorders. In formulas in HIV, hepatitis A
and C, herpetic infections, influenza and togainfections.
Ext.: Burns. Decubitus. Wounds and trauma. Contusions.
Hematoma. Hemorrhoids.
DOSES
Doses: 2-4 g drog daily in tabl. etc.
Standard extract with 0,2-1 mg totalhypericin daily, up
to 5 mg, in 2 doses or more. Effect after 2-3 weeks in
depressive states. Initially 0,2 mg totalhypericin and
increased dose up to max and then decreased dose down
to 0,2 mg again as support. dose.
In infections 5 mg totalhypericin.
Not more than 30 mg (!) totalhypericin daily.
Ext.: T. in wat. 1:5. Oleum hyperici infusi 1:5 locally.
Suppos. of 0,5 g extract in oleum cacao.
____
IRIS VERSICOLOR L. Iridaceae
rhizoma iridis (rhizoma iris versicoloris)
Drug is the in autumn collected root, cut into centimeter
thick pieces and then been stored for more than a year. It
contains volatile oil with main constituent furfural (an
aromatic aldehyd), glucoside iridin, organic acids
(salicylic and isophtalenic).
The drog is bitter with a odour resembling violet.
USE
Choleretic. Cholagogue. Cholekinetic. Laxative.
Stomachic. Diuretic. Diaphoretic. (Detoxificant).
Chronic hepatitis. Recurring biliary fevers. Obstipation
in biliary disorders. Swollen lymph nodes.
Lymphadenopathy.
Weight lost in alcoholics.
Splenomegalia in chronic infections. Chronic
pancreatitis. Scrophulous states. Tinea capitis. Chronic
eczema in alcoholics or other with liver derangements or
immunodeficiancies. Psoriasis. Herpetic infections.
DOSES
Page 32
Doses: 50-100 mg extr. sicc. or 0,3-1 g fluid. extract.
Not more than 5 g fluid. Extr.
USE
Antidiarrhoic. (Immunostimulant).
Gastrointestinal dysfunction and diarrhea. Vaginal yeast
infections. Acne vulgaris.
____
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L. Cupressaceae
fructus juniperi
The drug is the dried, 2-year old (bluecolored) fruits not
stored for more than a month. They contains volatile oil
(0,2-3,4%, most often ca 1%) with more than 50%
monoterpenes, mainly terpinene-4-ol (0,5-17%) but also
sabinene, pinene. Resin 8-10%. Flavonoids (quercetin,
amentoflavone and apigenins). Almost 1% potassium.
Tannins. Up to 30% invert sugar.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Terpinene-4-ol:
- Natriuretic, diuretic, saluretic (potassium and chloride)
- Hypotensive
- Antiallergic
- Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
USE
Diuretic. Urinary antiseptic. Hypotensive. Saluretic.
Antirheumatic. Carminative. Stomachic. Anticystorrheic.
Anticystitic.
Antipyelitic.
Antipyelonephritic.
Antiprostatitic. Antioedemic. Antigout. Ext.: Anestetic.
Bloodcirculatory stimulant.
Cystorrhea. Chronic cysthitis. Chronic pyelitis or
pyelonephritis. In infections with torpid secretion and
tenesma. Subacute or chronic prostatitis (swollen
prostate and no inflammation). Oedema. Hypertonia.
Rheumatic diseases and gout (formulas). Flatulence and
fermentative dyspepsia.
Ext.: Relieve the inflammation, stiffness, and pain that
are present in conditions like arthritis, rheumatism, and
gout.
DOSES
Doses: 20-40 drp T. or 0,1-0,2 g aetheroleum juniperi
per dose in mixt. In acute states (rarely used in) the dose
can be increased to 1 g vol. oil under a shorter period
(note: irritating on kidneys: Side effects in overdoses:
Irritation, albuminuria, hematuria).
In inflammations etc.: 0.5-1,5 g T. or 0,05-0,1 g volatile
oil per dose, as stomachic ½ h before meals.
Ext.: 1-2% aetherol. junip. in ointm. or unction.
Not more than 0,5 (-1) g volatile oil per day.
____
LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS
lactobacillus acidophilus
DOSES
Doses: ad lib.
I. Emulsions (fermented milk products).
II. Capsules: Containing freeze dried bacterias (and in
enterosols).
III. Vagitoria: Containing 10¹º bacter. per supp. (with
indifferentia).
IV. Unguenta: Containing fermented milk products or
bacteria culture in appropriate way.
____
LACTUCA VIROSA L. Asteraceae
(Compositae)
lactucarium (tridax, extractum lactucarii, extractum
tridacis, extractum lactucae sativae)
Drug is the expressed milk like juice from fresh plants
that dries and pulverizes. It contains sesquiterpene
lactones lactucine (0,2%) and lactucopicrine, small
amounts of tropa alkaloid hyoscyamine, lactuc acid (an
oxidative product from lactucopicrine).
The powder is browncolored and very bitter.
USE
Analgetic. Sedative. Mildly hypnotic. Cardiotonic.
Diuretic. Hypotensive. Antitussive. Antiasthmatic.
Anticholinergic. Cytotoxic. Toxic (poisonous).
Moderate to severe pain. Nervousness and anxiety.
Hysteria. Insomnia. Heart insufficency with oedema,
hypertension and neurosis. Renal oedema. Priapism.
Essential hypertension. Irritating cough. Hypersecretio
bronchial. Asthma (secretory). Pertussis. Anxiety in
children.
DOSES
Doses: 0,3-1 g lactucarium in tabl. or pills in pains –
sometime added with 10-20 mg opium per dosis.
In systemic use: 30-60 drp T. (1:8) (1 g ~ 50 drp).
In hypertension and cardiac disorders: 0,05-1,5 g lactuc.
in tabl. or pills.
As antitussive and antiasthmatic: 0,05-0,5 g lactuc.
(Children: 1-8 drp T. in syrup).
Preparation: Lactucarium, Tridax (the latex, also called
German Lactuc), Extract (extractum lactucarii, -tridacis)
= fluid. extr. 1:1 of plant.
Tincture (10% lactuc.).
Not more than recommended doses.
Or other lactobacteria (Bifidobacterium lactis, B.
longum, Lactobacillus delbruckii ssp. bulgaricus,
Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus etc.).
Naturally producing lactic acid and propionic acid from
carbonhydrates.
Page 33
____
LARIX DECIDUA Mill. Pinaceae
cortex laricis
terebinthina laricis (terebinthina veneta)
Syn.: Larix europaea.
Drug is in springtime collected, peeled bark. It contains
large amounts tannins and betulinic acid derivates and a
resin (containing phenolic compunds and volatile oil).
The drug is astringent and have a slight citrus odour.
Turpentine is made out of turpentine oil, purificated with
aqua calx, destillated, dried and filtrered, it is a colorless
liquid with burning taste.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Betulinic acid derivates: Diuretic. Antimelanoma.
Urinary antiseptic. Antiinflammatory
USE
Astringent. Styptic. Antiinflammatory. Antigonorrhoic.
Antibronchitic. Antilaryngitic. Antidiarrhoic. Diuretic.
Ext.: Antihemorrhoidal. Antiseptic (esp. Terebentina).
In chronic urogenital inflammations. Bronchitis. Purpura
hemorrhagia. Passive hemorraghia. Chronic laryngitis,
bronchitis. Diarrhea. Hemorrhoids. (Reumatic symtoms).
Terebenthina: Gonorrhea infection.
Ext.: Indolent or erysipelatous wounds and trauma.
DOSES
Doses: 1-2 ml T. ad lib.
Ext.: T. in water 10%.
Not more than 25 ml T. pro die.
Turpentine (terebenthina laricis, t:ina venecianae): 0,3 g
ad lib. in mixt.
Not more than 1 g turp. per dose.
____
LAVANDULA OFFICINALIS Chaix. Sensu
lato Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
aetheroleum lavandulae
flos lavandulae
Drug can be obtained from L. angustifolia or similar
species.
The drug is the dried flower or volatile oil obtained by
destillation of the plant. Flowers contains about 2%
volatile oil (30-60% esters) with linalylacetate (25-55%),
linalol (20-38%), L-linalol, limonene and cineol etc. The
oil is light yellow or light yellowgreenish and have some
bitter taste.
USE
Sedative.
Moderate psychoneurosis and anxiety with insomnia,
nervous headache or migraine. Unsufficent bileproduction.
Doses: 5-10 drp aetherol. in sugar made to pills.
Or 0,5-2 g flos lavandul. as an infus.
Ext.: Oleum lavandul. (1% vol. oil in oleum helianthi)
for massage.
Bath: 20-25 drp v-o with 100 ml ol. helianthi, added
when bath is warm.
Not more than 100 drp aetherol. lavand. (in 4 doses,
intern.) pro die.
____
LEDUM PALUSTRE L. Ericaceae
herba ledi (herba rosmarini silvestris)
Syn.: Rhododendron tomentosum.
The drug is the flowering tops. They contains ca 2%
volatile oil mainly with ledol but also ledumcamph and
hydrochinone glucoside arbutine.
The drug is aromatic but bitter and should not been
stored for more than 2 month. Only wildharvested plants
is used.
USE
Detoxificant. Sedative. Thymoleptic. Antieczemic.
Antidermatitic. Antirheumatic. Diuretic. Diaphoretic.
Expectorant.
Aphrodisiac.
Antipruritic.
Antielephantiasis. Antihyperkeratosis. Antipsoriasis. Antiarthritic. Anticold. Hypertension (formulas). Mildly
antiasthmatic. Antiseborrhoic. Toxic (in high doses).
Exanthematous and erythematous and seborrhoic
eczema. Pruritus. Hyperceratosis. (Elephantiasis).
Psoriasis. Psoriasisarthrithis. Gout. Oedema. Chronic
cysthorrhea. Psychoneurosis. In formula: Hypertonia.
Feverish colds with cough. Chronic tracheitis. Chronic
bronchial asthma with insufficent secretion or thick
mucus. Impotence in sick or aged. Impotence in general.
Impotence in psychoneurosis.
Ext.: Contusions. Hematoma. Watery eczema with
hyperceratosis. Psoriasis. Pruritus. Uncomplicated
bugbites.
DOSES
Doses: Chronic: Infusions (rec. 1:2, else 1:6) 30-50 ml
(ca 2-3 tsp), more acute 1-4 g extr. tenuis.
After 2 months L.P-treatment one week intermission.
In skindisorders also externally 1 tsp T. per 10-15 tsp
wat. Often combined with limestone: 'Unguentum
antiseborrhoicum' (pyrol. betulae, adeps lanae, vaselin.
ää 10, sulph. praecipit. 0,5) locally.
In erythematous conditions also T:a cinchonae 10-15 ml
(decongestive esp. in lupus erythematosus).
In psychoneurosis: 10 drp T. ad lib. Often.
Ext. (se above): Unguentum 20% T. As
compress./fomentat. 1 tsp T. on 10-15 ml wat. also as
wash. The undiluted T. on insectsbites.
Not more than recommended doses.
____
DOSES
Page 34
in nervous pubertal women. In formula in hypertension.
LENTINULA EDODES (Berk.) Pegler.
Tricholomataceae
lentinula edodes
lentinula edodes mycelium (LEM)
Syn.: Tricholomopsis edodes.
The drug is the whole fungus or the mycelium. Both
pulverized. They both contains polysaccharides of betaglucane type (lentinan), purin alkaloid eritadenin,
proteins, fatty acids, vitamin D, B2 and B12. Mycel
contains up to 88% lentinan.
The fungus is ambra colored with faint odour and taste.
USE
Immunostimulant.
Antitumor.
Antimetastatic.
Anticarcinomic. Anti-HIV. Anti-EBV. Antihepatitic.
Hypocholesterolemic.
All kinds of malign cancer but mainly colon carcinoma
and other carcinoma. HIV-infection. EBV-infections.
Hepatitis B. Hypercholesterolemia.
DOSES
Doses: 1-3 g fungi x 2-3. LEM dose 1-2 g x 2-3 in
cancer therapy. Else LEM as tincture 2-4 ml daily. To
prevent malign processes 300-600 mg LEM daily
(mostly postcancer pat. therapy).
LEM tincture contains 10% LEM.
Not more than recommended doses.
____
DOSES
Doses: 2-4 ml extr. 1:1 or 15-75 drp T. (1:2 rec., 60%)
up to 4 times a day.
Or 10-100 drp T. (succus leonur. card. rec. 2, spir. tenuis
3) ad lib.
Not more than 25 ml extract pro die.
____
LINARIA VULGARIS Mill. Scrophulariaceae
herba linariae (herba anthirrini cum floribus)
Drug is the flowering aerial parts. It contains diterpene
derivates, phenolic glucosides, tannins and flavonoids.
Drug has bitter, astringent taste.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Diterpenes: PLA2-inhibitor
USE
Urotonic. Antioedemic. Antidysuric (in cystit with
cramps). Antihepatitic. Antibilirubinemia. Weakly
cardiotonic. Antihangover. Antiinflammatory. Vulnerary
and antiseptic in wounds and hemorrhoids etc.
Renal oedema. In formulas in other oedema. Dysuria in
chronic cystorrhea. Tenesma versica. Hepatitis.
Bilirubinemia. Hangover.
Ext.: Decubitus. Hemorrhoids.
DOSES
Doses: 20-40 drp T. (1:5, 60%) x 1-4. In severe
alcoholism same dose but in non alcoholic preparations.
Ext.: Supposit. of 2 g extr. in sebum. Ointment of T. 10%
or drug as a glycerine tincture 15%.
Not more than 10 g drug daily.
LEONURUS CARDIACA L. Lamiaceae
(Labiatae)
herba leonuri cardiacae recens
The drug is the fresh flowering tops. They contains
0,35% alkaloids (mainly leonurin); iridoid glucoside
stachydrine, volatile oil and diterpenes.
The drug is bitter.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Leonurin:
- Oxytocin synergist
- Diuretic
- Antiarryhtmic
- Myostimulant
Stachydrine:
- Sedative
- Antihypertyreoidic
- Emmenagogue
USE
Nervine. Spasmolytic. Antidysmenorrhoic. In nervous
heart conditions. Tyrosinase-inhibitor.
Nervousness and anxiety. Insomnia. Nervous
tachycardia. Cardial complaints and anxiety in hyperthyreoidism.
Mild
hyperfunction
of
tyroidea.
Climacterial disorders. Nervous dyspnoea. Amenorrhea
____
LINUM USITATISSIMUM L. Linaceae
semen lini
The drug is the dried seeds. They contains large amounts
of mucilage and fibers etc. Kern contains a large amount
of fat and very small amounts of cyanogenic glucoside
linamarine.
USE
Laxative. Ext.: Demulcent. Toxic (crushed seeds).
Chronic obstipation. Irritating G-I disorders (gastritis,
enteritis).
Ext.: Dry, cracked skin and irritations (as an emollient).
DOSES
Doses: 2-10 g drug as a maceration (12 h) x 1-2. Do not
crush seeds!
Ext.: Poultice: 'Cataplasmatis lini' (100 g mucilago lini
with amyli).
Page 35
LOBELIA INFLATA L. Campanulaceae
herba lobeliae
MALVA SYLVESTRIS L. Malvaceae
folium malvae
Drug is leaves and stems collected in late blooming.
They contains 3-4% piperidine alkaloids, mainly
lobeline but also lobelamine and isolobelanine.
The drug is some bitter.
Can also be obtained from similar species of Malva ssp.
Drug is leaves collected in flowering plants. It contains
8-10% mucilage of D-galacturone acid, D-galactose and
L-rhamnose.
The drug has a mucous taste.
USE
Expectorant. Antiasthmatic. Antipleuritic. Antipertussic.
Antibronchitic. Toxic.
Asthma, asthma bronchiale, asthma or pertussis,
hypersecretory. Respiratory irritation. Spastic or
membraneous croup. Bronchitis. Pleuritis.
DOSES
Doses: 0,2-0,6 ml extr. 1:1 x 1-3 or up to 2 ml T. (1:8) x
1-3.
In asthma: (t:a lobeliae 3, t:a capsici fruct. 1) 20 drp in ½
gl. of wat. every half hour of the attack.
Maximum doses:
- Pro dosi 0,1 g drug
- Pro die 0,3 g drug
Tox.: [Lobeline] LD50=40 (ipr m).
____
LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM L.
Lycopodiaceae
sporae lycopodii (semen lycopodii)
Drug is the dried spores. They are a yellowish, fat
powder thats float on water. It have oily taste and
contains up to 50% stabile oil (of oleic, palmitinic,
linolenic and myristic acids); up to 0,1-0,2% alkaloids,
mainly lycopodine.
USE
Diuretic. Urotonic. Urinary-antiseptic. Anticystorrheic.
Antinephritic. Antinephrolitic. Anticystitic. Laxative.
Antidyspeptic. Antipyretic. Antiperiodic. Antigout.
Allergenic.
Painful and burning dysuria and other irritative urinary
disorders. Chronic pyelonephritis. Chronic cysthorrhea.
Nephrolitic syndrome. Nephrospasm. Hematuria. Spastic
urinretention in children and catarrhal cysthitis in adults.
Chronic obstipation. Dyspepsia. Pyrosis with flatulence
and gastritis. Intermittent fevers (not improved by
Cinchona). Gout or symtoms due to elevated S-uric acid.
DOSES
Doses: 0,5-2 g in tabl. or caps. Emulsions also but not
alcohol or water extract is adequate.
Not more than 15 g drug daily.
____
USE
Demulcent.
Gastritis and enteritis as an emollient to reduce
irritations. Reflux-esophagitis. Habitual obstipation.
Irritating cough in upper respiratory infections.
Ext.: Inflammations in the mucous tissue of the mouth.
DOSES
Doses: 3-8 g as an maceration or 2-4 g powder. drug in
tabl. Or mucilage in syrups or mixtures. Ad lib.
____
MARRUBIUM VULGARE L. Lamiaceae
(Labiatae)
herba marrubii
Drug is flowering tops. It contains about 1% of the
diterpene marrubiine, 0,3% iridoids and betonicine,
0,05-0,06% volatile oil.
The drug is aromatic and bitter.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Marrubiine: Expectorant. Choleretic. Antiarryhtmic
Betonicine and iridoids: Antiinflammatory
USE
Expectorant. Marrubiin = antiarrhytmic.
Acute or chronic bronchitis. Upper respiratory
infections. Preventive in cholelithiasis. Chronic
cholecystitis.
Marrubiin: Antiarrhytmic in extrasystole etc.
DOSES
Doses: 2-6 ml T. or 2-4 ml extr. (1:1, 20%) ad lib.
Not more than 10 g drug daily.
Tox.: [Marrubiin] LD50=370 mg/kg.
____
MATRICARIA RECUTITA L. Asteraceae
(Compositae)
flos chamomillae (flos matricariae recutitae, flos
chamomillae vulgaris)
Syn.: Matricaria chamomilla. Chamomilla recutita.
Drug is the carefully dried flowers. It contains ca 3%
volatile oil with 10-25% α-bisabolol A and B, matricine
(= azulene in hydrolysis), 1-10% cis(trans)en-in-
Page 36
dicycloeter. Coumarine- and flavone glucosides, tannins.
Drug has an aromatic, sweetish odour.
Dried drug should not been stored for more than 2
months.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Bisabolols, coumarines etc.: Spasmolytic. Antiinflammatory
Matricine: Leucotriene B4-inhibitor
Alfabisabolol: Analgetic
Azulens: Antiinflammatory, antiallergic, vulnerary etc.
Detoxificant. Diuretic. Antiscorbutic. Antiaenemic. Anticolitic. Antiarthritic. Antirheumatic. Antisciatica. Antioedemic. Antihyperlipidemic. Ext.: Vulnerary.
Temporary indigestion and anorexia and tendency for
obstipation. Aenemia. Scorbutus. Colitis. Arthrithis.
Rheumatic complaints, sciatica etc. Abnormal capillary
bleedings
(fragile
capillaries).
Fluidretention.
Hyperlipidemia.
Ext.: Wounds that heals slowly in general.
USE
Sedative.
Spasmolytic.
Antiinflammatory
agent
externally and internally in ulcus, Crohns disease, colone
irritable, diarrhoea, gingivitis, stomatitis, sinusitis,
pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, otitis, rinitis, mastitis,
dermatitis, proctitis, eczema, vaginitis. Anticold. Mildly
febrifuge. Vulnerary.
Acute symtoms in G-I tract and biliary, stressrelated G-I
disorders and indigestion, gastritis and enteritis, ulcus
ventriculi et duodeni, hypersecretio ventriculi, coeliac
disease, colone irritable, diarrhea and flatulence.
Symtoms in cold and flu. Fever. Pain. Dysmenorrhea.
Moderate anxiety and insomnia (esp. in children).
Ext.: Inflammations in mucous tissue in mouth, nose,
sinuses, esophagus, middle ear and eyes. Dermatitis
(diapers, atopic). Mastitis. Hemorrhoids. Proctitis.
Vaginitis. Fistula. Ulcus cruris. Decubitus. Bronchial
asthma in children.
DOSES
Doses: 5-10 ml extr. 1:1 ad lib.
Ext.: Unguentum of 25% dried drug (contus.).
Not more than 40 g drug pro die.
DOSES
Doses: 25-50 drp T. acute up to 250 drp.
In intestinal disorders: 1-1,5 g in tablettae
enterosolubilis.
In colds, fever and flu: 1-6 g as infusion, drunken warm.
As nervine: 1-2 ml T. in insomnia 2-4 ml T.
Ext.: Unguentum of T. 8-10%.
Rhinog. filtr. infusion of 1-2 g per 2 dl (5 min).
Suppos. or vagitor.: 2 g extr. in oleum cacao.
In vaginitis: Weak infusion as douche.
Inhalations extract in wat./alc. 10%.
In hemorrhoids a piece of cotton soaked in the T. placed
to the anus in 1-2 min. Every morning and evening.
Not more than 15 g T. daily.
____
MEDICAGO SATIVA L. Fabaceae
(Leguminosae)
herba medicago sativae
Drug is the flowering aerial parts. They contains almost
1% saponins; also flavone glucosides, furano coumarine,
phytosterols, chlorophyll, xanthophyll, carotenoids,
vitamin C, E and K, potassium, calcium, phosphorus,
iron etc. 4,5-6% proteins.
The drug is bitter and astringent.
USE
____
MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS (L.) Pall.
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
herba meliloti
Drug is the flowering tops. It contains 0,9% coumarine
(mainly melilotuside – a glucoside).
The drug have a sweet, pleasent odour.
The drug must been dried very carefully or dicumarol
will be yield. Drug is used, dried, within 2 months.
USE
Venostatic. Antivaricose. Antihemorrhoidal. (Antineuralgikum). Expectorant. Nervine. Mildly antineuralgic. Vulnerary. Dicumarol = Anticoagulant. Toxic.
Profylactic and therapeutical in embolies and
thrombophlebitis. Also in hemorrhoids, varices, xerotic
eczema. Ovarial neuralgia. Recurrent neuralgia.
Idiopatic neuralgic headache. Anxiously headache
during menstruation and concurrent menstrual
dysfunction. Chronic bronchitis.
Ext.: Hemorrhoids. Swollenness and inflammation (in
general). Slowly healing wounds.
Dicumarol: Thrombosis. Postoperative thrombosis.
Thrombophlebitis. Heart attack. Embolies.
DOSES
Doses: 2-4 ml extr. ten. acute, else 1-2 ml. Acute also
3-30 mg coumarin as an antidiuretic and analgetic (note:
short term use).
Tox.: [Coumarin] Hepatotoxic: 100 mg/kg (dog);
0,8-1,71 nM/kg (orl rat).
LD50=202 (orl gpg); LD50=293 (orl rat); LD50=680
(orl rat); LD50=720 (orl rat).
Ext.: Unguent. of T. 1-5:20 or emplastrum vulner. with 1
mg coumarin per cm².
In hemorrhoids a piece of cotton soaked in the T. placed
to the anus in 5 min. Every morning and evening.
Dicoumarol (dicoumarin): 40-200 mg day 1 thereafter
dose based on the prothrombin levels in blood, in
beginning the level should be 20-40%, later 60-70% of
normal level.
Page 37
Maximum doses:
- Pro dosi 50 mg dicoumarol
- Pro die 100 mg (!) dicoumarol
Drug is leaves collected before blooming. They contains
volatile oil (1-3%) with between 50 and 86% menthole;
also the similar menthone and piperitone. Tannins
3,5-12%.
Drug have an aromatic, ment like odour and pleasent
taste. The drug should not been stored for more than 2
months.
Volatile oil is aromatic, cooling and aenestetic.
Menthole is colorless, needleshaped crystals, soluble in
alcohol, aether or soft paraffine and fat oils.
Tox.: [Dicoumarol] LD50=233 (orl mus), 542 (orl rat);
LD50=5,000 (orl rat).
____
MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. Lamiaceae
(Labiatae)
folium melissae recens
aetheroleum melissae
Drug is the fresh leaves or the volatile oil destillated
from the whole herb.
Drug (flos) contains 0,06-0,37% volatile oil with citral,
neral etc. Also 0,8-3,7% rosmarinic acid (a coffea- and
chlorogenic acid derivate); tannins.
The oil have a pleasent citrus odour, the flowers to.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Volatile oil:
- Pulse decresing (low doses)
- Sedative (high doses)
- Tymoleptic, spasmolytic, hypotensive
Whole drug:
- Antihypertyreoidic
- TSH-inhibitor
- Antiherpetic
Rosmarinic acid: Antioxidant, immunostimulant
USE
Sedative. Spasmolytic. Antidysmenorrhoic. Mild
overfunction in tyroid gland.
Nervous G-I disorders. Dysmenorrhea. Nervousness and
anxiety and insomnia in general. Heart neurosis.
Nervous migraine. Mild hyperfunction of thyroidea. In
formulas in hypertension.
Ext.: Herpes labialis.
DOSES
Doses: 2 ml T. (rec. 1:5) ad lib. as a stomachic relaxant.
Otherwise 0,05-0,4 ml aetherol. meliss. (1-8 drp) per
dose in mixtures or syrups.
Syrup (aetherol. meliss., t:a rhoeadis ää 1, mucilag.
althaeae (s. malvae) 9, sorbitolum qs, t:a aurantii dulc.
qs) 1-2 ml in insomnia in children u. 9 y of age.
Ext.: Extr. sicc. in oleum cacao 25% ad styl. in herpes
labialis.
Not more than 1 ml volatile oil pro dosi.
USE
Antiinflammatory, choleretic, cholagogue and anestetic
agent, externally and internally in diarrhoea, biliar colic,
biliar dyskinesia, chronic colecystitis, colone irritable,
diverticulosis, nausea, cholelithiasis (to prevent),
gastralgia, muscle- and joint complaints, sciatica,
neuralgias, toothace, musclecramps, rinitis, stomatitis,
gingvitis, sinusitis, laryngitis and prutitus.
Intestinal colic. Gastralgia. Temporary nausea and
motion sickness. Meteorism. Bombus. Diarrhea.
Diverticulosis. Colone irritable. Biliary colic. Biliary
dyskinesia. Chronic cholecystitis. To prevent
cholelithiasis.
Ext.: Acute or chronic pain in back, muscles, strains and
bruises, sprains, lumbago, sciatica, neuralgia, toothache,
musclecramps etc. As ”rubbing” in acute rhinitis or
sinusitis. In gingvitis, stomatitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis
etc. In pruritus.
DOSES
Doses: 2-6 ml extr. fluid. Or 0,05-0,15 g aetheroleum
menthae piperitae per dose in capsules or mixtures.
T. 2-12 ml or infusion of 2-6 g fol.
In nervous nausea: (mentholum 0,5, t:a valerianea 10)
5-10 drp x 3.
In intestinal disorders – extract in enterosols.
Weak infusion or aqua aromat. as vehiculum.
Not more than 0,5 g volatile oil pro dosi.
Ext.: Unguent. of T. 5-10% Or volatile oil 0,1-0,5% (also
in linimenta).
Menthol as anaestethic 2000 ppm.
Rhinog.: Tempered filtr. infusion (weak) or T. in water
1:20.
Gargle of 3-5 drp aetherol. in some tepid wat.
In pruritus: T. undiluted locally or spiritus mentholi 1%.
Also in pruritus 'Ceratum mentholi compositum'
(thymol. 3,5, menthol. 17,5, camphor. 15, cera alb. 105,
vaselin. 859) locally.
____
____
MENTHA X PIPERITA L. Lamiaceae
(Labiatae)
folium menthae piperitae
aetheroleum menthae piperitae
mentholum
Page 38
MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA L.
Menyanthaceae
folium menyanthides, radix menyanthides
(folium trifolii fibrini, folium trifolii aquatici)
Drug is the leaves collected under the blooming and
from wild specimen. Root is collected in spring.
Leaves contains monoterpene alkaloids (gentianine,
gentianidine), secoiridoid glucosides (foliamenthen,
menthafolin, sweroside and 7,8-di-hydroxi-filiamenthine), 3% tannins, traces of volatile oil, bensylic
alcohol, phenetylic alcohol. Root contains αspinasterole, betuline and betulinic acid (0,1-0,8%),
lupeole.
The drug is often combined (in equal parts) and made
into a tincture.
An infusion of 1:1 500 should have a distinct bitter taste.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Iridoids: Antiinflammatory, antipyretic
Gentianine: Analgetic, antihistaminic, cortisone effect,
sedative, antipsychotic
Gentianidine: Antiinflammatory, antirheumatic, myorelaxant
Alkaloids: Psychostimulant
USE
Stomachic. Mildly laxative. Antiinflammatory and
antirheumatic, febrifuge. Psychostimulant.
(Antimalarial). (Sedative).
Severe G-I debility with insufficent production of
stomach fluids, anorexia, chronic obstipation and general
atony of digestive apparatus. In sideropenia. Rheumatoid
arthrithis. Muscular rheumatic states. Rheumatosis with
general asthenia. Intermittent fever. Mild forms of
malaria. Fatigue and physical and mental debility during
chronic inflammatory processes or malabsorption.
Psychoneurosis.
DOSES
Doses: 10-30 drp T. in 1/6 gl.of wat. and ½ h before
meals as a stomachic.I
n rheumatism and FMS: 2-5 ml extr. (1:1 of both fol. &
rad.).
Combinations:
In inflammatory processes: Filipendula and/or Bryonia.
In fever: Salix.
In psychoneurosis: Infusion (fol. menyanth. c. rad. 5, fol.
menthae pip. 4, rhiz. valerianae rec. 4) German
Pharmacopoeia 6th ed.
Not more than 15 ml extract pro die.
____
MYRICA GALE L. Myricaceae
herba myricae (herba myrticae brabanticae)
Drug is the flowering tops. They contains a volatile oil
with α-pinene and caryophyllen; also flavonoid
myrigalone and flavone glucoside quercetin; wax.
Drug is very aromatic and bitter.
Dried drug should not been stored for more than 6
months.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Volatile oil: Antibacterial, fungicide and antiparasitic
Caryophyllen: Antimycotic
Myrigalone: LDL-oxidation-inhibitor
USE
Gastric stimulant. Diaphoretic. Diuretic. Antidiarrhoic.
Antidysenteric.
Anticystitic
(chronic).
Antigout
(decrease uric acid levels). Anticold. Antiparasitic. Ext.:
Antimycotic.
Antiepidermomycotic.
Antiacne.
Antiscabies. Antiectoparasitic. In inflammations in
mucos tissues of the mouth. Weakly poisonous.
Spastic indigestion. Fermentative dyspepsia. Summer
diarrhea. Dysenteria. Flatulence and colic. Chronic
cysthitis. Gout – hypouricemic. Feverish colds.
Ext.: Mycosis in skin and mucous membranes.
Epidermomycosis. Onychomycosis. Acne. Decubitus.
Ulcus cruris and slowly healing wounds. Gingvitis,
stomatitis, tonsillitis etc. Scabies infections. Pediculosis.
DOSES
Doses: 20-60 drp T. (1:5, 60%) in ½ gl. of wat. before
meals.
In colds: Infusion 2-4 g (10 min), drunken warm.
Ext.: T. in wat. 15% - wash, gargle.
Unguent. of extr. fluid. (recens) 5% in acne, 10% in
mycosis and 20% for parasites.
Supposit. and vagitor. of 1% extr.
Not more than 5 g T. pro dosi.
____
MYRISTICA FRAGRANS Houtt.
Myristicaceae
semen myristicae (nux moschata, semen nucis
moschatae)
Drug is the dried (and pulverized) seeds. They contains
5-15% volatile oil with myristicine (4%), elemicine
(2%), p-cymene abd myrcene etc.
Drug is aromatic but bitter.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Myristicine, elemicine: In liver transformed to the
metabolite 5-metoxy-3,4-methylendioxy amphetamine:
Sedative, hallucinogenic and narcotic, analgetic
P-cymene, myrcene: Analgetic
Myristicine: Local aenestetic
P-cymene:
- Sedative
- Antiacethylcholinesterase IC40=1,2 µg/ml
USE
Nervine. Mildly antispasmodic. Midly analgetic.
Stomachic. Hallucinogenic and toxic (high doses).
-
Page 39
Hysterical pains. Nervous indigestion. Insomnia in aged.
Painful urination in aged.
DOSES
Doses: 5-20 drp T. ad lib. More stronger medication is
0,3-1 g powder. drug x 1-3 (or 130-200 mg v-o).
Not more than 3 g drug pro die. Caution in long term use
(high doses).
Tox.: [Myristicin] LD50=4200 mg/kg (orl rat); LD50=200 mg/
kg (ivn m); LD1o=570 (orl cat).
____
Dysuria – in general. Cystospasm. General hypersensitivity in the urogenital apparatus with sharp and
intense pain. Congestive urinary disorders. Congestive
dysmenorrhea. Polymenorrhea. Prostatorrhea. Dysentery
or other diarrhea (enteritis). Reumatoid arthrithis.
Degenerative rheumatic disorders.
DOSES
Doses: 10-20 drp T. (rec. 1:2, else 1:5) in ½ gl. of wat.
over a longer time.
Not more than recommended doses.
____
NEPETA CATARIA L. Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
herba nepetae catariae recens (herba catariae)
Drug is the fresh flowering tops. They contains 0,2-0,7%
volatile oil with carvacrole, nepetalactone and nepetic
acid, thymol etc. Tannins.
Drug is aromatic.
USE
Nervine.
Mildly
antispasmodic.
Carminative.
Antidiarrhoic. Expectorant. Diaphoretic. Emmenagogue
Carvacrol = Antibacterial, antiseptic, nematicide,
candidicide, trichomonacide, antidiuretic.
Nervousness. Insomnia. Nervous or spastic digestion
disorders, often with colic. Dysmenorrhea and
amenorrhea. Fever in cold. Coughs. Nervous asthma
(esp. in children).
DOSES
Doses: 2-4 ml extr. fluid. or 3-6 ml T. (1:2 rec., 95%).
Combinations:
In acute gastritis and nevous dyspepsia (t:a nepet. catar.
3, t:a foenicul. (1:5, 60%) 3, t:a glycyrrhiz. 1) 15-30 drp
ad lib.
In menstrual disorders: Achillea.
In neurosis (childr.): Valeriana. Humulus. Passiflora.
Not more than 10 ml extr. pro dosi.
____
NUPHAR PUMILUM Timm. Nymphaeaceae
rhizoma nupharis pumili
Drug is the in late summer collected root that been cut in
centimeter thick pieces and sundried. They contains
nupharidinic acid, chinolizidine alkaloids desoxynupharidine and tiobinupharidine.
Drug is bitter and astringent.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Desoxynupharidine:
- IL1-inhibitor, TNF-inhibitor
- Immunosupressive
USE
Urotonic. Uterotonic. Spasmolytic. Antidiarrhoic.
Immunosuppressive. Antirheumatic.
OENOTHERA BIENNIS L. Onagraceae
oleum oenotherae biennis
The drug is the cold expressed oil from seeds. It contains
65-80% cis-linolic acid (LA) and 2-16% cis-gammalinolenic acid (GLA).
Drug is bitter.
Pharmacology in individual components:
GLA:
- Trombolytic
- Vasodilator
- Hypocholesterolemic
- T-cell activity enhancer
- Antiinflammatory
- Anti-PMS
- Antieczematic etc.
USE
Anti-PMS.
Antifibroadenosis.
Antimastalgic.
Antieczemic (atopic eczema in children). Anti-RA. Anti
Diabetesneuropathy. Antihyperlipidemic. (Anti MS,
Antischizophrenia, Antialcoholism?).
PMS. Fibroadenosis. Mastalgia. Atopic eczema (mainly
children). RA. Diabetes neuropathy. Hyperlipidemia.
DOSES
Doses: 6-8 g oil daily or 480-640 mg GLA in eczema;
otherwise 3-4 g daily (=320-400 mg GLA); in children
the half dose.
Not more than recommended.
____
PAEONIA OFFICINALIS L. Paeoniaceae
(Ranunculaceae)
flos paeoniae, radix paeoniae
Drug is the flowers or the root. They both contains
flavone glucosides, mainly paeonine (diglucoside of
cyanidine monomethyleter and cyanine) and the similar
paeonol; in root also 0,4% volatile oil.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Paeonol: Analgetic and sedative
Paeonine: Spasmolytic
Page 40
USE
Spasmolytic with weak sedative effect. Antiepileptic.
Antiasthmatic. Antihemorrhoidal. Antivaricose.
Nervous, stressrelated cramps and physical exertion.
Congestive uterus disorders. Dysmenorrhea. Colic in
intestines and hepatobiliary. Uterus congestion with
passive bleedings. Neuralgia. Migraine. Astma
bronchiale. Nervous asthma. Chorea minor. Epilepsy.
Cramp in children. Nervous exhaustion. Tics. Nervous
amenorrhea. Hemorrhoids. Varices.
Ext.: Rectal fistula, hemorrhoids and varix.
DOSES
Doses: 20-80 drp T. (flos) or 10-25 drp T. (rad. recenti
1:2, 60% ).
In children 1/8 to ¼ doses.
Not more than 5 g drug (flos) pro dosi.
Tox.: [Paeonin] LD50=4500 mg/kg (ipr m).
____
PAPAVER RHOEAS L. Papaveraceae
flos rhoeados
Drug is the carefully dried petals. They contains
alkaloids rhoeadine (0,11-0,12%) and rhoeagenine and
traces of morphine; antocyans.
The drug is bitter and yields a red color.
USE
Sedative. Mildly hypnotic. Antitussive. Expectorant.
Antispasmodic. Antistress. Colorant.
Anxiety. Irritating cough. Insomnia in asthma.
DOSES
Doses: 50-75 drp T. ad lib. or same proportions in
mixtures.
Children not more than 1/3 of the dose.
T. as colorant: 1-2%.
Alcoholbased T. (not aether).
Not more than 10 g drug daily.
PANAX GINSENG C.A Meyer Araliaceae
radix ginseng asiaticae
Syn.: Panax schinseng Nees.
Drug is the root from 3- to 5-year old plants. Root is
prepared (cured) or not and extractions are made from
the fresh root or root that been dried and stored for at
least 3 months. Drug contains 2-3% saponins
(ginsenosids); polysaccharides (mainly panaxans) and
0,05% volatile oil.
Drug is pheeble bitter.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Whole drug:
- Decreased lipids- and glucoslevels
- T4-cells activity (increased)
- Increased chemostaxis and NK-cells activity
- Psychostimulant
USE
Psychostimulant. Tonic. Adaptogenic. Immunostimulant.
Hypoglycemic. Hypotensive.
Chronic fatigue syndrome. Idiopathic fatigue and
physical/mental debility without a knowned ethiology.
Debility in general due to infections, stress and in aged.
Memory lost. Concentrations problem. Moderate
hyperglycemia in aged. Hyperlipidemia and G-I debility
in aged or in chronical illness.
DOSES
Doses: 0,5-1 g powder. drug daily in caps. or tabl.
Or 40-200 mg extract. sicc. daily in tabl.
Not more than 5 g drug daily.
____
____
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L. Papaveraceae
opium
Drug is the dried juice from fruitcapsules (opium
crudum) that been standardized and pulverized
(pulveratum opii). Opium crudum contains mainly the
isochinolinic alkaloid morphine but, in smaller amounts,
the similar codeine (methylmorphine), papaverine,
noscapine, thebaine etc.
Drug is a brownish and bitter powder.
Drug should contain 10% alkaloids (measured as
morphine).
Sometimes the inmature fruitcapsules is used (fructus
papaveris immaturus), included with their seeds.
USE
Analgetic.
Sedative.
Antitussive.
Antidiarrhoic.
Narcotic. Very poisonous. Morphine = Analgetic.
Narcotic. Very poisonous. Codeine = Analgetic
(formulas). Antitussive. Papaverine = Spasmolytic.
Noscapine = Antitussive. Ethylmorphine (semisyntetic)
= Antitussive. Poisonous. Heroine (semisyntetic) =
Analgetic. Narcotic. Very poisonous.
(Opium & Morphine): Severe pain with high grade of
anxiety and nervousness. Appendicitis. Cholecystitis.
Fractures. Biliar colic and renal colic. Severe coughs and
highly irritating coughs. Dysenteria (esp. amoeba-) and
other diarrhoic diseases with severe colic and tenesma.
Codeine: Moderate pain (with ASA or paracetamol) and
in irritating coughs. (Also for aethylmorphine; and
noscapine thats a weaker alkaloid).
Papaverine: Cramps in general (musculotroph.). Also in
hypertonia, angina pectoris and ischemia.
DOSES
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! Drug (pulveratum opii) should contains 10% morphine.
Tinctura opii (pulv. opii 100, aq. purif. 260, spir. fortis
680).
Doses: 100-200 mg opium in severe pain or 1-1,5 g T. or
10-20 mg morphine chloride – all 1 to 3 times a day.
Pains: 20-50 mg opium (or 3-10 mg morphine chlor.).
Diarrhea: 10-15 drp T. x 1-2.
Dysenteria: 'Pulvis ipecacuanhae comp.', 'Pulvis doveri'
(pulv. opii, pulv. ipecac. ää 20, kalii sulfas 80) 0,25-0,5 g
x 1-2.
Maximum doses:
- Pro dosi 200 mg opium / 100 mg extr. or 1,5 g T. / 20
mg morphine chlor.
- Pro die 600 mg opium / 300 mg extr. or 5 g T. / 60 mg
morphine chlor.
Codeine (metylmorphine): 10-50 mg codeine phosphate
ad lib. as antitussive or in painkillers. A more efficiant
substance is aethyphin: 50-150 mg aethylmorphine
chloride x 1-2.
Maximum doses:
- Pro dosi 50 mg codeine phosph. / aethylmorph. chlor.
- Pro die 150 mg codeine phosp. / aethylmorph. chlor.
Papaverine: 20-80 mg papaverine chloride - in ischemia
up to the max dose.
Maxdose papaverine: 200 mg pro dosi and 800 mg pro
die.
Children: Morphine (2-5 y) 3-5 mg x 1-2: (5-10 y) 5-8
mg x 1-2: (10-15 y) 8-10 mg x 1-2. Papaverine 5 mg x
4-5.
____
Drug is the fresh leaves and stems. They contains small
amounts of harmala alkaloids (e.g harmine 0,03%,
harmaline); ca 0,05% maltol, 1,5-2,2% flavonoids, a
small amount of volatile oil and a small amount of the
cyanogenic glucoside gynocardine.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Maltol: Anticonvulsive
Harmala alkaloids: Sedative
Whole drug:
- Spasmolytic
- Anxiolytic
- Analgetic
USE
Mildly sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic and analgetic.
Myorelaxant.
Nervousness. Anxiety. Insomnia. Stressrelated symtoms
(heartneurosis and migraine). Spastic intestinal
disorders. Dysmenorrhea. Climacterial disorders.
Headache. Cruralgia. Muscular pain.
DOSES
Doses: 0,5-1 ml extract. or 2-3 ml T. x 1-3. In short term
use up to 20 ml T. daily.
Not more than recommended doses.
____
PARIS QUADRIFOLIA L. Trilliaceae
herba paridis
Drug is the aerial parts, fruits (berries) excluded. It
contains ca 1% of saponins paridine and paristyphnines;
phytosterols (mainly ecdysterone).
The drug has nauseous, disagreable odour.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Alfaparistyphnine:
- Myocardial depressant
- Respiratory depressant
Ecdysterone: Analgetic and immunostimulant
USE
Analgetic.
Spasmolytic.
Nervine.
Expektorans.
Detoxificant. Highly toxic.
Severe G-I colic. Spastic coughs. Dysmenorrhea.
Bronchitis. Spastic conditions (urinary and bronchial).
Palpitations. Nervousness and anxiety. Insomnia.
Chronic rheumatic diseases (esp. RA) and in formulas.
DOSES
Doses: 0,1-0,3 g drug. Often in formulas in dose 10-20
drp T. (15%).
Not more than recommended doses.
____
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA L.
Passifloraceae
herba passiflorae recens
PETROSELINUM CRISPUM (Mill.) A.W Hill
Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
radix petroselini (radix apii hortensis)
Drug is the root. It contains 0,05-0,1% volatile oil with
myristicine and apiole. Furano coumarine bergapten.
Flavone glucoside apioside. Flavonoids kaempherol and
quercetin. Rosmarinic acid. Mucilage.
The drug has sharp aromatic characteristic.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Apiol: Uterostimulant, abortive, hormonal
Bergapten:
- Antihistaminic
- Lipolytic 25 mg/kg ipr ms.
USE
Diuretic.
Antioedemic.
Gynecological
(mostly
emmenagogue). Anticystorrhoic. Antidysuric. AntiPMS. Anticellulitic.
Oedema and oedematous conditions. Fluidretention.
Chronic cysthorrhea. Strangury. PMS. Cellulits.
Amenorrhea. (Chronic rheumatic diseases).
DOSES
Doses: 30-60 drp T. (1:5, 60%) in urinary infections.
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As emmenagogue: 2 drp aetheroleum x 1-3.
Not more than 15 g drug daily.
Mononucleosis. Inflammatory and ulcerous intestinal
diseases. Acne vulgaris. Furunculosis. Carbuncles Tinea
capitis. Eczema. Psoriasis. (Rheumatic diseases).
Ext.: Tonsillitis, angina tonsillaris. Acne. Tinea. Sycosis.
Epidermomycosis. Onychomycosis. Abscess.
____
PHYSOSTIGMA VENENOSUM Balf.
Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
semen physostigmatis
The drug is the dried seeds. They contains indol
alkaloids, mainly physostigmine and similar (eserine,
eseridine).
Drug is bitter.
Extract (1:1) should contain 0,5% alkaloids.
DOSES
Doses: 0,06-0,3 g powder. drug in tabl. x 1-3.
Or 0,1-0,6 ml extr. 1:1 x 1-4.
Ext.: 20 drp T. in ½ gl. of wat. as gargle.
Unguent. of T. or the tincture in wat. and as compress.
1-2:10.
Not more than 0,5 g drug pro dosi (toxic dose ~ 2 g).
Not more than 1,5 g drug daily. Caution in long term use
(high doses).
USE
Cholinergic. Miotic. Anticholinesterase. Very poisonous.
Tachyarrhytmia. Tachycardia. Vegetative neurosis.
Myasthenia gravis.
Ext.: Glaucoma.
DOSES
! Drug should contains 0,5% alkaloids.
Doses: 15-60 mg extract. 1:1 x 1-3 or 0,1-0,3 mg
physostigmine salicylate x 1-3.
Ext.: (Oculog.) Solutio. physostigm. salicylas 0,2-1% - 1
drp in glaucoma.
Maximum doses:
- Pro dosi 200 mg extract / 1 mg physostigm. salic.
- Pro die 600 mg extr. / 3 mg physostigm. Salic.
____
PILOCARPUS JABORANDI Holmes
Rutaceae
folium jaborandi
Drug is the dried leaves. They contains 0,7-0,8% of the
imidazole alkaloid pilocarpine.
The drug is bitter.
USE
Antiglaucoma. Antialopecia (ext.). Very poisonous.
Ext.: Alopecia prematura. Glaucoma.
DOSES
Doses: Ext.: Infusion 5% to rub into the scalp in
alopecia prematura 1 time per day. Caution!
(Oculog.) solutio. pilocarpini hydrochloridum 1% - 1
drp in glaucoma (duration 3-12 h).
Its recommendable to add a reliable emetic in the
infusion to avoid intoxication by mistake.
____
PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA L.
Phytolaccaceae
rhizoma phytolaccae
Syn.: Phytolacca decandra
Drug is the in autumn collected root. It contains lectins
(5-glucoproteins) and saponin phytolaccatoxine.
Drug taste sweet at first and then bitter, pungent,
nauseous.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Lectins: Immunostimulant
Phytolaccatoxine:
Antihypertensive,
respiratory
stimulant
USE
Immunostimulant. Antiinfectious. Antiadenitic. Antimastitic. Antiparotitic. Antiorchitic. Antilaryngitic.
Antitracheitic. Anti angina tonsillaris. Antiulcerous.
Antiacne. Antifurunculosis. Anticarbunculosis. Anti
Tinea capitis. Antipsoriasis. Toxic. Ext.: Antiacne. Anti
Tinea. Antistomatitic. Antisycosis. Antiepidermomycotic.
Adenitis. Mastitis. Parotitis. Orchitis. Chronic follicular.
laryngitis. Chronic tracheitis. Angina tonsillaris.
____
PIMPINELLA ANISUM L. Apiaceae
(Umbelliferae)
fructus anisi
Drug is the dried fruits. They contains 2-6% volatile oil
with between 80 and 90% anethole. Also coumarine
glucosides as scopoletine, bergapten and umbelliferone;
flavonoids, phytoestrogenic substances.
The drug has aromatic taste and characteristic odour (of
anise).
USE
Carminative. Expectorant and mildly antitussive.
Flatulence. Moderate colic (even in children). Coughs
and moderate irritating cough and asthma. Indigestion.
Moderate fermentative dyspepsia. Dyspepsia simplex.
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DOSES
Doses: 0,5-1,5 g T. (1:20) or 0,05-0,2 ml v-o per dose in
mixtures, syrups etc.
Anethole: 100-300 mg pro dosi.
As corrective: V-o in spirit 10% (spiritus anisi aetherei).
Syrup for children, colic ' Syrupus carminativus
infantum' (aqua anisi aetherei, aqua carvi aeth. ää 10,
mucilag. aloes qs, saccharum qs) in small children 5 g
else up to 10 g.
Not more than 0,5 ml volatile oil pro dosi (toxic dose
between 1 and 5 ml v-o).
____
PINUS SILVESTRIS L. Pinaceae
oleum pini
Drug is obtained by destillation of the leaves. They
contains 1,8-cineol, α- and β-pinene, alfa- and betaphellandrene, caprinic acid, luteine, aldehyds, citral,
borneol, chamazulene etc.
Leaves (turiones pini) contains the volatile oil and 0,3%
ascorbic acid and valerenic acid.
The oil and leaves are bitter but aromatic with a
characteristic odour of pine.
USE
Rubefacient. Anestetic. Nervine (bath). Allergenic.
Peripheral neuropathy such as post-herpetic neuralgia.
Minor aches and pains of muscles and joints associated
with arthrithis, simple backache, strains and sprains.
Psychostimulant bath.
DOSES
Doses: Oil in unction or ointments 1:100 or less. In bath
10 drp. Caution very allergenic, not in asthma.
____
Aucuboside: Antibacterial but when herb is dried it turns
to aucubigenin thats inactive
Xanthophyll: Vulnerary locally
Allantoin: Vulnerary, antibacterial
USE
Demulcent
and
antiinflammatory
(respiratorypulmonary, intestinal). Antiaphtous. Vulnerary.
Irritating cough. Irritating G-I disorders.
Ext.: Wounds and aphthae. Stomatitis, gingvitis etc.
Decubitus and slowly healing wounds, ulcus cruris etc.
Allantoin (5-ureido-hydantoin): Ulcus ventriculi et duodeni. Ext.: Psoriasis and dermatitis and eczema.
DOSES
Also: Herba plantaginis lanceolatae.
Doses: 25-125 drp T. ad lib.
Ext.:1 tsp T. per 50 ml wat. in compress./fomentat.
Gargle T. in water 10%. Unguentum of T. 25-35%.
Undiluted T. as wash.
Allantoin: 30-130 mg per day in 3 doses. Ext.: Psoriasis
20%; dandruff 0,05-0,1% in schampo. Caution ext.
allergenic.
____
PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUM (Jacq.)
A. DC. Campanulaceae
radix platycodi
Drug is the dried and pulverized roots. They contains
approx. 2% triterpenic saponins with platycodigenine as
aglucone, most active is platycodine.
Drug is greybrown colored with first no taste, then a
bitter-sweetish.
Pharmacology in individual components:
Platycodine: Analgetic 20-200 mg/kg
USE
Analgetic. Sedative. Expectorant. Antiinflammatory.
Antitussive. Vasodilator. Hypocholesterolemic.
Hypolipidemic. Toxic.
Moderate to less severe pain (in general), esp. due to
chronic inflammatory processes or nervous disorders.
Rheumatic diseases. Asthma. Nervous urticaria. Nervous
dermatitis. Pertussis. Bronchitis. Upper respiratory
infections and tonsillitis. High bloodpressure.
Hypercholesterolemia. Hyperlipidemia.
PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA L.
Plantaginaceae
herba plantaginis lanceolatae recens
SEE Plantago major
____
PLANTAGO MAJOR L. Plantaginaceae
herba plantaginis majoris recens
Drug can also be obtained from other Plantago species.
The drug is the aerial parts of the outbloomed plant. It
contains large amount of mucilage (arabinose-galactose
type) and iridoid glucoside aucuboside (1%), carotine
derivate xanthophyll, uric acid derivate allantoin, tannins
and traces of alkaloids.
Drug has sweet, mucous taste.
Pharmacology in individual components:
DOSES
Doses: 0,5 g in tabl. up to 4 times a day (or as decoct.).
Maximum doses:
- Pro dosi 0,5 g drug
- Pro die 2 g drug
Tox.: Lethal dose of platycodine is between 420 and 800
mg/kg per os. in rat; decoctum platycodi 24g/kg (orl ms).
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