1. business and industrial
2. energy
3. electricity

/KA^
udfd
a
B.
M.
TULLIDGE,
HOW
TO
USE
BATTERY
GALVANIC
AND
^^^
D.
A
IN
SURGERY.
MEDICINE
i
/^^
HOW
A
USE
TO
BATTERY
GALVANIC
SURGERY
AND
discourse
B
DELIVERED
MEDICINE
IN
HUNTERIAN
THE
BEFORE
SOCIETY.
BY
OF
FELLOW
THE
KOYAL
NEUROLOGY
OF
SUPERINTENDENT
SOCIETY
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL,
PHYSICIAN
AND
Of
LONDON
THE
WEST
MEDICAL
FOR
SICK
LECTURES
DELIVERED
THE
CLINICAL,
; FOUNDER
OF
TREATMENT
ORMONDE
THE
TO
STREET,
"
II
A.
NEW
THE
AND
SYSTEM
HOSPITAL
ETC.
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS
AUTHOR
AT
THE
NATIONAL
LONDON:
J.
ETC.
OF,
NERVOUS
INCORPORATING
AND
UPON
BY
DISEASES
AND
MEDICAL
EDITION
THIRD
THREE
FOR
GREAT
CHILDREN,
THE
THE
CHURCHILL,
BURLINGTON
1886.
OF
IMEDICAL
PARALYSED
THE
OF
SOCIETIES
ELECTRICAL
FOR
REVISED,
OF
MEMBER
HOSPITAL
END
OFFICER
:
PATHOLOGICAL
AND
FOR
MEMBER
HONORARY
LATE
AND
BLOOMSBURV,
HONORARY
;
EDINBURGH
HOSPITAL
NATIONAL
SQUARE,
HARVEIAN
TO,
IN
ELECTROLOGY;
AND
THE
OF
queen's
EPILEPTIC,
PHYSICIANS
OF
COLLEGE
SOCIETY
YORK
NEW
M.D.
TIBBITS,
HERBERT
STREET.
HOSPITAL
SENIOR
;
THE
NOTE
This
TO
Discourse
with
the
delivered,
that
it
do
in
recall
be
to
"
methods
of
from
and
I
required
and
of
the
appended
of the
the
Hospital
student.
make
this
in
the
without
"
the
indicate
useful.
be
stood
underalone
description
certain
text
my
which
not
can
tion
direcof
in
a
city
electri-
of
generally
written
the
impossible
seem
most
;
and
notes,
I submitted
which
instruments
for
I
the
Edition
as
Edition
Second
which
Lectures
matter
to
tion
informa-
uses
to
to
Society.
With
this
;
apparatus
or
glad
to
disease
would
verbal
illustrations
to
of
application
be
recollection
the
to
electricity
construction
than
attempted
I
opinion
obviously
time
it
an
such
therapeutic
conditions
of
application
me
perhaps
was
a
that
most
those
audience
the
to
compass,
limited
to
to
doubt
small
It
so
the
was
The
in
reference
and
;
and
contained.
more
general
expressed
heard
who
those
of
practitioners might
hand,
at
as
to
who
and
busy
have
of several
request
compliance
in
published
first
was
EDITION.
THIRD
THE
I
I
delivered
Paralysed
have
believe
I
at
and
appended
will
incorporated
prove
the
National
Epileptic
such
useful
three
;
and
to
additional
to
the
VI
NOTE
I
by
deceased
a
:"
every
that
introduced
have
a
multitude
to
following
such
details
practitioner
68,
I
questions
the
the
when,
and
use,
Edition,
First
and
:
I
venture
understanded
who
practitioners
revised
improvements
the
book
be
to
ture
minia-
in
were,
ask
and
the
by
daily
what
how,
especially
them.
use
and
small
a
easily
to
These
in
book
of
instruments
book
peutics
electro-thera-
real
since
said
was
carefully
all
profession
the
kept
it
as
have
I
noticed
have
the
to
hope
but,
as
paint
"to
while
and
page,
to
physician,
and
EDITION.
endeavoured,
have
I
imperfectly,
not
I
that
add
may
THIRD
THE
TO
WiMPOLE
Decemher,
1885.
endeavoured
which
pages,
only,
to
Stkeet,
have
master.
W.
as
I
to
such
contain
believe
it
essential
answer
details,
for
CONTENTS.
ISTOTE
EdITION.
ThIED
THE
TO
I.
LECTUEE
instbtjjients.
electeical
Remarks.
Peelisiinaey
The
1.
Varieties
Different
Franklin
of
Electeicity.
ISM.
The
Generating.
of
Method
Machine.
Plate
Machine.
Winter's
Machine.
Carre's
The
The
Engine.
"Bischoff"
Gas
Hand
Fly-Wheel."
"
Required.
Accessories
Administration.
Its
(a)
Electro-Positive
Bath.
(b)
Electro-Negative
Bath.
(c) by Sparks.
2.
VOLTAISM.
of
Points
Distinction
the
betweeen
Voltaic
and
Faradaic
Currents.
3.
The
Essentials
The
40-Cell
The
Galvanometer
Description
The
as
an
Essentials
of
Combined
Accessories
Voltaic
a
Battery.
Battery.
The
Faradism.
The
of
a
Faradaic
Hospital
of
Electrical
aid
of
to
a
the
Faradaic
Instrument.
Battery.
Apparatus.
Dosage
of
Electricity.
Instrument.
CONTENTS.
Vlll
methods
Resume
First
of
Generalized
LEOTUEE
II.
of
electllicity.
applying
Lectuue.
Electrization.
The
Positive
Charge.
The
Electric
Bath.
General
Faradization.
Central
Galvanization.
Yoltaization
Localized
Direct
Localized
and
Faradization.
Electrization.
Muscular
Indirect
"
,,
kinds
Different
of
of
Importance
Eheophores.
exactitude
in
administering
a
Constant
Current.
Electrization.
Cutaneous
The
(a)
Electric
(") Metallic
(c) The
Conductors.
Wire
Electrization
Brush.
of Eectum
(")
of Bladder.
Organs.
Internal
op
(a)
(c) of
Hand.
Muscles
and
of Anas.
Uterus.
(d)
of
(e)
of Male
Larynx.
Genitals.
Electrization
Organs
Central
of
(a)
of the Erain.
(i)
of the
Sympathetic.
(c)
of the
Spinal
{d)
of the
Eetina.
(e)
of the
Auditory
Precautions
to
System.
Cord.
ISTerve.
in
observed
be
Nervous
of
Medical
all
Applications
Electricity.
OP
electricity
A.
Limitation
op
Method
Testing
of
"
"
LECTURE
IIL
in
and
diagnosis
treatment.
Electricityin Diagnosis.
Electricity
in
Diagnosis.
Farado-Irritability.
Yoltao-Irritability.
IX
CONTENTS.
BuLE
Strength
FOR
Diagnosis
Current
op
Irritability
when
Kormal.
is
diminished.
increased.
diminished
of
Faradism
to
and
Peripheral from Central
commencing
Paraplegia
of
of Real
from
Electricity
Feigned
Proof
as
B.
Limitation
from
Locomotor
Ataxy.
Disease.
Death.
of
Electricityin
Electricity
of
Disease.
Positive
"
to Yoltaism,
increased
as
Treatment.
Eemedy.
a
Franklinization.
{a)
in Facial
(6)
in. Sciatica.
(c)
in Facial
Neuralgia.
Spasm.
(cZ)in Emotional
(e)
in
(J)
in Tremor.
Note
Aphonia.
Hysterical Hypersesthesia.
Recent
upon
Benefit
Additions
to
Franklinization
of
our
in
Knowledge
Diseases
of
of
the
Debility.
Voltaization.
The
"
Constant
Possesses
Current."
Influence
an
Electrization
in
"
Diseases.
Fatigue
in
Electrotonus.
its Resolvent
Effects.
in
Electrolysis.
in
Impotence.
in Gout.
*
in Rheumatic
in Muscular
Arthritis.
Rheumatism.
in
General
in
Atrophic Paralysis.
Debility.
in Infantile
in Traumatic
in Facial
in
in
generis^
Neuralgia.
in
in Lead
sui
Paralysis.
Paralysis.
Palsy.
Paralysis.
Wasting Palsy.
Hemiplegia,
CONTENTS.
X
Electeization
as
Application
Direct
a
Spinal
in
Paraplegic
in
Incontinence
in
Hysterical
Paralysis,
in
Locomotor
Ataxy,
in
Insanity.
in
Diseases
of
Urine,
"Women,
Emmenagogue.
an
Uteri,
Inertia
in
Post-partum
in
Uterine
in
Sterility.
in
Paralysis
Concluding
Brain,
Constipation,
of
in
Besumk
tlie
Paraplegia,
in
as
to
of
H^morrliage.
Neuralgia,
of
the
Remarks.
Nerves
General
of
Special
Peinciples
Sense.
oe
ELECTEo-THEiiAPErTics.
HOW
SURGERY.
AND
LECTUEE
I.
instruments.
electrical
"
President
Gentlemen,
and
When
Council
your
bring
before
Electro-therapeutics,
I felt
ask
to
to
me
rather
addressed
than
attached
merit
the
and
of
to
the
we
are
for
a
to
"
vital
we
some
in
this
removal
one
the
have
been
"
principle
may,
honour
years
I
it
to
marks.
was
which
to
that
of
subject
invitation
Preiimi-
am
belongs
the
pioneer
of
metropolis
the
application of electricity
of
remarkable
electricity,and
what
say,
and
indebted
the
for
methodical
alleviation
that
the
me
the
you
Hospital
been
to
so
did
myself, seeing
to
and
scientific
the
to
having
outpost,
MEDICINE
IN
BATTERY
GALVANIC
Mr.
A
USE
TO
its
of disease
demonstration
in
and
that
cians
distinguished physi-
investigation
accustomed
;
that
to
animal
into
much
attribute
reality,be the
of
to
effect
B
a
only
2
Preiimiuary
marks.
PRELIMINARY
REMARKS.
^f electrical charsfe and
Re-
discliar0;e*(a valuable
tribution
and
correlation
to the
to
special influence
forms
of
a
the
remedy
in
more
the
the
painful and
but
still too
the
laity
"
that
*
See
"
to
Mr.
voltaic
vol.
and
i.,of
Eardwicke.
subject;
and
I
to
are
extent
some
ness
reckless-
astounding
ready
ever
tread
rush
to
in
selves,
them-
while
it is
to
the
for
Motion
"
are
sufferingfriends
their
;
practitioner(as
of
upwards
when
while
a
the
has
purchase
of
Mode
forth
gone
done
all
patientusuallycarries
the
by
forty years
his fiat has
he
electrified,"
be
as
medical
Bird
that
mandate
of
a
Physical Motion."
rotary
By
C. B.
Macmillan.
Eadcliffe, M.D.
"f See
men
to
patient
Yital
medical
dangerous electrization,not
is necessary,
this
few
apply
consider
the
peutics
to electro-thera-
to
quoted by Golding
"let
priate
inappro-
not
prone
common
to
as
electricity
me
of the
and
utter
physiciansfear
ago)
certain
professiongenerally,
through lacking
which
with
of
to
as
so,
practical knowledge,
where
the
practice here
our
first Lectures
my
the
responsiblefor
out
seemed
practicalknowledge
fear that
this
in
currents
the limits
and
disease,it
and
;
a
discovery of
objectsin
our
scope
devote
to
have
of
one
study
to
the
voltaic
of
PhysicalForces) ;
]3aralysis.t
it is
As
of the
predecessor for
my
con-
'^
o
"
Netten
induced
Bazire's
Eadcliffe
currents
translation
\ipon
of
of
the
differential
electricity.Note
Trousseau's
"
to
reaction
page
of
331,
Clinical Medicine."
PRELIM
6
REMARKS.
[NARY
by usina^ it accord-
mag-neto-electric macliine, and
Preiiminary
.
the
to
about
disease
is the
as
operate with
The
fitted
well
as
teach
to
maker
.
of
applicationin
its
amputating knife
an
ing
Be-
generallymarks.
is
to
it !
almost
schools
,
.
of its maker, who
.
directions
complete
the
in
absence
medical
for
great hospitalsof opportunities
of the
the importance
adequate study of electro-therapeutics,
an
and the widespreadattention
subject,
awakening throughout the profession,
of the
that
it is
have
also determined
with
consistent
the
science
practiceof
its
is
hands,
do harm.
it is
derived
it
and
the
On
potent
from
judgment
by
no
care
in
with
the
benefit
than
upon
the
that
should
methods
be
but
*
now
THs
with
to
it is administered.
porter to
a
any
At
some
several
member
systematiccourse
other
dent,
depen-
are
therapeutic
agency,
it is
applied
alone
"
to
methods
few
a
cialists,
spe-
practitioner.
observation, made
(1886).
the
which
familiar,not
all, electrical treatment
be
proportionto
by which
every
to
exact
Moreover, the results of its employment
more
of
one
good, is little
contrary,in injudicious
for evil,while
is
means
do
that, failingto
remedies
likelyto
and
electricity,
medical
practice.^
Gentlemen,
Electricity,
those
is
as
briefly
as
present positionof
the
clearness
and
of
especially
to sketch
me
in
1873, requires some
qualification
of the great medical
schools, tlioughnot at
tas
of the
of lectures
been
transferred
hospitalstafi";and
upon
from
at
the
hospital
than
more
one
has been,
electro-therapeutics
delivered.
B
2
4
AddressiiiP'
Preiimin;iry
REMARKS.
PRELIMINARY
who
you
active
in
engasred
are
Ee...
marks.
practice, witli
.
little
time
devote
to
it will, I tliink,be
electricity,
to
not
me
practicalapplicationof these
the
rather
the
I
shall
discuss
with
and
except incidentally,
them,
little of
that
said
he
"
the
less
he
then
be
content
at
mechanical
do
Nor
I propose
to
exhaustive, but,
sense
them
such
as
in
attention
to
Jiave
in
on
the
may
readily,and
the
of
of
have
of
use
excited
by I
in any
contrary, to
include
as
is essential,and
shall
direct
the
are
of
especial
ance
import-
electricity
; for
resulted,the
which
discredit,
effort,retain
without
details
small
only to
substance,/
Lectures
practicalpoints which
successful
attached
I
memory.
/
'
you
to
a
be
these
make
;
Force,
"
as
means."
information
your
Faraday
investigatedit/
it."
Let
u^ /
every
to
such
failures
measure
latent
only
non-observance
many
understood
know
we
something /
knew
he
more
moment
any
chemical
or
he
its definition
with
all nature,
liable
and
he
found
"pervading
a
the
them,
of
none
forget that
thought
once
medical
the
Besides,
I cannot
but
electricity,
about
in
and
concerns
precisereferenceto
medicine.
application to
matters
than
instrument-maker
and
practitioner,
their
discourse
tedious
a
for
elementa,ryprinciplesof electricity,
the
iipon
acceptable for
more
with
you
weary
medical
to
of
treatment
from
application
getting
should
in strict justice
operator.
In
the
-,
.
.
subject,but
his
essential
an
management,
the
tools,lacking which
he
the
will be
largelydue
methods
administration, these
with
would
faultyinstruments, while,
the
perfect instrumpnts
most
of
amount
and
skill
and
details
of their
it is
usefullycompare
methods
and
last
of
its
to
will be
another.*
devoted
to
and
applyingelectricity,
the
in
uses
this
impossible to
with
instrument
one
Lecture
second
My
also
cal
mechani-
without
and
;
certain
a
management,
least the
at
construction
rudimentary knowledge
other hand,
the
their
of
impossible
require
in
care
acquaintance with
some
methods
be
on
of
peutics
electro-thera-
improved
to
victim
difficulties ;
and
although the present position of
is
Ke-
marks,
requisiteof
first
constantlyrecurringannoyances
for
dry
a
Preiiminary
-,
-,
one,
instru-
with
being complete familiarity
workman
good
a
and
construction
consider
shall
I
present Lecture
their
ments,
5
REMARKS.
PRELIMINARY
the
rent
diffe-
my
third
diagnosisand
ment
treat-
of disease.
We
make
of three
use
varieties
of
electricityin
Varieties
ofEIec-
medicme.
tricity.
of
Firstly,
of
from
*
its
I
speak feelinglyupon
from
instruments
the
"
friction
the
electricity,
amber,
appropriatelycalled
tricity
elec-
Franklinism.
earlyinvestigator,
electrical
to
or
glass and
of my
moment
static
from
detriment
experience
this
matter, for from
I have
"
work
striking
spillingof corrosive
of both, and
of
suffered
"
acid
at
much
the
upon
temper too,
an
from
most
early period
batteries
fingersand
I fear.
"
inconvenient
clothing,
6
VARIETIES
OF
Secoiidlv, of the
Varieties
ELECTRICITY.
electricitv
of chemical
action,
of Elec.
,
tricity.
Galvanisw
better, Voltaism, the
or
Constant
"
,
Current.''
the
Thirdly, of Faradism,
induced, in
coil of wire
a
Yoltaic
are
generated
the
by
circumstances, of
certain
under
currents
which
duration,
momentary
induced
action
of
or
it,
upon
a
ma.gnet,
the
utmost
of
or
a
current.
FRANKLINISM.
sometimes
Pranklinism,
far
and
of
certain
surpassing,in
has
electricity,
hitherto
by specialists.Becent
linic
still
and
good
of the
of
in
in
placed
but
Frank-
rubber, and
machines,
accumulation
the
a
metallic
at
the
of much
consists
in
leathern
of the
or
ing
result-
receiver, insulated
non-conducting support, usually of glass.
Discarding the primitivecylinder machine,
since
long
plate
from
its
fundamental
glassplate against a
a
electricity
upon
a
form
little used
The
greater promise.
the
by
other
a
remedy
profession
all Franklinic
other
have
and
requisitein
rotation
been
improvements
inconveniences,
generalservice
any
value,
have, however, largely removed
instruments
these
cases,
inconveniences
some
has
and
application,
of
disused,
machine
the
in
will
we
which
friction of the
the
firstlyconsider
now
the
electricityarising
rotatingglassplateagainst
8
Frank-
ELECTRICAL
be
screwed
to
a
INSTRUMENTS.
heavy painted
table,
deal
is
as
liuisir.
shown
in
When
Fig.
1.
seldom
very
consideration, very
from
inches
15
in
results
fair
diameter,
Fig.
Winter's
this
In
of
a
conductor
most
is
may
dependent
being enormously
a
large
of
only
easilycarried.
Machine.
the
Avooden
fact that
be
the quantity
accumulated
upon
its size has
upon
ingeniously applied,the
into
a
2.
instrument, Fig. 2,
which
electricity
is
is
obtained
plate
a
which
and
expense
be
may
with
machine
Winter's
a
where
used, and
surface
increased
ring
of
of the
by
a
core
the
been
ductor
con-
tion
inser-
of thick
iron
wire.
and
is
in the
efficient
it
or
is that
in
by having
such
patient,that
the
be
it
to
I
I have
This
machine).
modified
accumulator,
led
am
has
improvement
an
habitually
I
second
a
stand,
under-
to
added
been
admits
arrangement
patient receiving the charge of
positiveor negative electricity a condition
either
the
of
The
provided.
which
and
(the first time,
such
the
comfort
Carre's, but
as
attached
conductor
any
should
Fig. 3,
known
that
to
apparatus
delineated
use,
insulating
of
the
benefit of the
for the
operator, as
one
wire, Frank-
of Franklinism
dailyor frequent use
essential, equally for
is
most
the
escaping by
from
the
upon
covering.
But
it
Electricityaccumulates
prevented
wooden
9
INSTRUMENTS.
ELECTRICAL
said
"
by
There
to
weary
you
When
any
plate
with
mechanically
"
use
right
a
hand
surmounted
to
the
there
upon
by
piston.
is
the
a
be
very
crank
Fig.
by
hollow
a
From
a
the
use
this
man
or
of
shaft
of
a
servingas
extremity of
the
rod
its
uniformly
have
consists
column
the
to
long connecting
of
propose
done
servant.
maid-
engine, shown
It
3.
and
evenly
better
Bischoff's" gas
in
not
is in
apparatus
than
rather
I do
descriptions.
Franklinic
it is much
rotated, aud
I
their
plates should
or
primary importance.
machines, but
other
are
of
be
physiciansto
some
to
the
cylinder,
a
guide
this column
which
acts
fly-wheeland
10
Frank-
ELECTEICAL
INSTRUMENTS.
driviiig-pulley.When
draws
in
of air and
piston has
the
during four-tenths
gas
from
ascended
the
piston
of its
j^ipes. A
half-waya
gas
course
httle
it
ascends
a
mixture
before
the
jet ignitesthe
There
mixture.
least effect
strong
complete
the
its
is
the
on
slightexplosionwithout
a
the
In
course.
pistonis
piston and
and
of
course
sends
Then
the
piston
it ascends
air and
An
engine
the
and
with
the
in
2
fresh
works
out
-man
with
power,
the
to
top
"
from
danger, and
of action
have
of the
"
old
the
shop
of
difficulty
I
machine.
found
the
Fig. 4, standing
"
hair
being, as
6 inches
it is
in
It
purpose.
that
the
before
even
fly-wheel" with
Plate
of 4 feet,
absolutely
placed instantlyin
it is remarkable
"
a
altitude
an
2 feet
;
the
engine.
column
noise
it is
to
of
or
by merely ignitingor extinguishinga
suggested
that
the
without
evenly and
singlegas jet.But
to
the
charge
anew
of the
revolution
fly-wheelmeasuring
a
a
diameter, is amply sufficient for every
free
turning
starting-point
again.
being imparted
every
of
ground
to
again,taking
gas, motion
drivingshaft by
from
half
ing
connect-
impulse given,the fly-wheelcontinues its
and connecting rod,
of the crank
by means
the
and
the
ment
move-
speed acquired^and
of the
account
it to
cause
on
and
rod, forcing it upwards
fly-wheel. On
acts
Frank-
ciently
suffi-
of this
consequence
raised
the
cylinder,but
of the
sides
push
to
11
INSTRUMENTS.
ELECTRICAL
the
a
no
one
seems
gas-engineera
pulleywould
obviate
unsatisfactoryrotation
Going
into
of
hair-cutter's
a
apparatus, figuredto the left of
in
the
shop
to
brushing machinery
is usual, fixed
upon
an
work
"
the
instead
upper
mary
custo-
of
floor.
its
I
12
Frank-
obtained
iinism.
a
INSTRUMENTS,
ELECTRICAL
Carre's
it
can
of
an
machine.
be rotated
by
assistant,by
the
operator
his
next
and
the
rear
"
swing
attend
band
of
Figure.
"
is
and
number
an
then
of times
aid
sional
occa-
keeps
before
the
4.
Static
required,to
his patient.
from
it is attached
Static
the
handle
Its momentum
to
the
without
givingthe
Fig.
Fly -Wheel
to
that
fly-wheelis so heav}'"
sufficient
revolvinga
shown,
manner
The
round."
"swing
it
fitted it in the
and
one,
machine
Machine.
enable
The
to
him
to leave
in
manner
a
is also
small
shown
it
which
wheel
in
in
the
In
the
Fig. 3
patient is being
..',..
",
fiftyyears
an
connected
would
ago
the
is
electricity
metallic
the
being
the
connected
the
bath
part
each
of
would
;" for
the
be
condition, but
should
be
If
the
as
the
owing
escape
of
action
use
necessary
kept
must
air
is
have
rub
the
of
the
stool, and
with
apparatus
This
should
is of
as
a
that
and
a
it were,
as
be ; its
and
he
this
comes
be-
rotation.
fire in the
the
the
the
machine
Indeed,
to
the
get the best
and
room,
before
plate,the insulatingsupports,
a
all the
and
warm
never
be
and
glass parts
dry piece
however
neglected.
he
charged
maintain
plate of
a
may
moisture
to
of
top
perfectlydry
were
the
the
negative
electro-
"an
him
to
and
the
at
its contained
to
importance,
rule
ground.
insulated)in
in constant
well
legs
the
case
is so rapid that
electricity
we
leading
ground,
him,
electricity
rapidlyleaves him,
chargeit is
chain
taking
make
we
(as he
continue
the
negative
seen
electricity
passes
charged.
would
with
accumulator
accumulated
his
the
to
negative one
he
machine,
in
reversed, the positiveaccumulator,
were
with
brass
and
which
v/hile
a
taking
held
upon
accumulator
negative
process
patient
ofi''^by
run
is
insulated
rod
accumulator
"
.
said, "he
positive electricityis stored,
If the
Frank-
electro-therapeutists
have
the
through
with
from
with
T
-,
the
as
bath," by being
electro-positive
hand
"
charged
"
linism,
or,
positive electricity,
of
13
INSTRUMENTS.
ELECTRICAL
of
the
the
of flannel.
dry
the
day,
14
ELECTEICAL
smearinaT the
Bv
Frank-
"^
linism,
.
.
,
with
and
should
be
much,
which
taken
A
of
much
to
better
be
will be
for two
"
be
"
supplying
cushions
the
impossibleto
clean, and
exists
against the
found
this
in
of
efficient
action.
instrument,
well.
dust
The
must
few
drops
the
table,
with
of
and
Always
The
ne;v.
glass
of
that
of
the
electricity,
move
rethoroughly.
obstacle
great
of
use
on
even
care,
should
may
vapour
that
Franklinism
is
present, from
a
may
be
also
remember
be
getting
foggy day the
sedulously guarded
petroleum
to
is not
precautions, in
proper
more
instrument
them
the
above
their
no
carefulthat everythingis
extended
operator
be
the
warm
he too
But
for
if it is found
difficultysometimes
the
neglect
pared.
pre-
sufficiently
tight
quantity
dry, for
warm,
too
grape
weeks.
rubbed
and
care
with
and
adding
plate,and
sufficient
a
three
directed, the
above
as
small
a
enough,
before
notwithstanding having
the
bought ready
screwed
the
as
tallow,
cushions
size of
or
amalgam
slightly grip
apparatus
the
cushions
should
alloy
an
increased, but
smear
the
off old
cushions
is
of the
of
little
a
piece about
added
be
with
not
had
the
scrape
It
cushions
(technically known
tin
electricityis
of
need
of the
paste, composed
mixed
"amalgam"),
amount
little
a
mercury
each
inside
"
machine
of
INSTRUMENTS.
made
to
act
that
against.
sprinkled
condensing
A
upon
upon
16
Frank-
ELECTRICAL
mentioned
later
INSTRUMENTS.
Four
on.
glassjarsare
also needed
linism.
witli which
Fig.
to
5.
ordinarycouch.
an
Improved Dischargers and
chair, insulated
A
a
insulate
glassplatform,as
castors, is
fashioned
an
hy being
in
In
linization
by Sparks, all
points of
somewhat
nerve
Fig.
this
3, the
escape
branches,
screwed
to
the
upon
on
old-
glass-leggedstool.
or
tja.
is escapingfrom
electricity
skin, but
the
Rod.
Fig. 5", running
improvement
Fig.
Frank-
Connectiug
if it is desired
along
the
otherwise,but
course
to
to localize
of certain
avoid
shock.
ELECTRICAL
brush
a
be
may
./
series
A
of
rapid and
with
electricity
contact
bristle
of cold
current
brush
air
If while
do) is
his
contained
to
electricity
by sparhs,and
of
slightamount
metallic
the
"
is
"
the
pointed end
certain
of wood,
spark
luminous
a
sistance
re-
air,he is
tion
is Franklinizaa
certain
a
venient
con-
shown.
should
dischargers
limits,the larger
the
spark ;
wdth
the
is very
small ;
with
the
dischargerterminating in
points still smaller, and with
made
are
of the
intense
more
the
of
and
dischargers,"
connectingrod
size,for within
ball
the
overcome
accompanied by
ball terminations
in
nection
con-
shock."
Fig. 6;,improved
vary
in
object(theknuckles
to the patient
near
brought sufficiently
interveningstratum
with
a
spark. This
''discharged"
The
tion
applica-
any
of the
In
takes
perceptible
ordinary clothes-brush.
the conductor
limzation
skin, ^s Sparks.
of the
reunions
of the
similar
a
glow
metallic
small
many
discharger
alone
results,and
spark.^
no
I shaU
discuss,in
values
*
The
Bolsover
Great
Andrew
Carre
,^'^ank-
^
the
with
for this
with
for
J
use
patient. I habitually
an
will
operator
./
successive
each
place,generatinga
to the
X
quite,in
not
the
slowly passed by
"^
almost, but
17
INSTRUMENTS.
third
my
Lecture, the
peutic
thera-
of Franklinism.
Machine
Street; the My
be
can
Wheel
Street
obtained
from
the
Messrs.
Marlborough
;
and Co., Engineers,Stockport.
and
Gas
from
Mr.
Groves, 89
Hovenden
Engine
from
and
Co.,
Messrs.
C
IS
ELECTRICAL
INSTRUMENTS.
VOLTAISM
TliG
Voitaism.
Voltaic
unbroken
an
until
the
uniformly from
It is
Points
of
current.
the
its
the
be
lessen
in
break
no
is
negative pole.
these
recollect
chief
will
hausted.
ex-
direction, which
positiveto
important to
constitute
in
battery is
gradually
there
but
change
no
the
will
current
it ceases,
it,and
in
continuous
a
until
stream
The
power
is
Current
the electricity
flows
artificially
interrupted,
Unless
in
GALVANISM.
OR
points,for they
physical distinction
between
distinction
between
the
taicand
timcs
Called,the Induced
Currents,
not,
strictlySpeaking,
Voltaic
the
and
Faradaic
perfectlydistinct
in
appreciableinterval
In
Yoitaic
course
cells,with
or
and, until
get
The
Kequisites
Portable
^^^'
ready
and
be
ago,
marked
movable
be
of
in. their
!
each
an
electricityis
and
it
of
cell
a
chemicals
;
impossible to
was
remained
by
always
a
in
order
to
get
divided
out
into
electricityfrom
curative
that
portablebattery are
really portable, always ready
little liable
Currents
rapid
a
shocks,
is furnished
few
that
but
is
its fellows.
of
this
years
latter
separated by
from
source
some-
for use.*
may
*
momentary
elements
requisitesof
should
of
contained
portablecell
a
and
a
^'current"
of time
and
necessary,
a
itself,and
electrization, a
^^"^'
This
current.
succession
dischargeor
it is
as
or,
"
effects
of order.
two
large
;
but
fixed
Such
classes
batteries
patients
for
are
it
use,
teries
bat-
firstly,
:
are
not
most
always
ELECTRICAL.
them,
and
elements
exciting fluid
the
into
the
in which
those
the
in
as
in which
the
the
for
they admit
up
that
of the
except turning
while
of the
with
that when
the
keep
maker
be
to
it is necessary
instruments
from
Oxford
however, but
electrical
which
the
in the
of
is
acid,
a
siderable
con-
obviously
the
I
the
is
owner
can
hiDiself.
a
first
step
the
to
is claimed
use
of the
equal importance.
about
to
chanism
me-
into
brought
The
describe, have
be
designed by myself, and may
Mr. Hawksley, SurgicalInstrument
It
them
general accessories
am
is
send
apparatus, and
current
of at least
which
Street.
teries
bat-
struction
viz., de-
"
to
recharged,lohile
cells are,
are
;
only disadvantagethey possess
graduated,and
instrument,
down
with
construction
replacethem,
to
perfectionof
been
movement
any
accident
the first-namedvariety
in order
by
and
nearly sealed
battery quite upside
exhausted
Eflicient
the
generally
construction,
platesby leavingthem
impossible. The
Poi-tabie
Gaifie-Cla-
anything but agreeable result
its
to
their
in
to be
being so
spiltby
common
expense
to
be
can
the
immovable
first-named
first-named
of the
Requisites
Stohrer, Weiss,
silver,are
cells
somewhat
the
of
of the
fluid
no
Hfted
is
Leclanche, the
mond, and the chloride
any
of
remain
elements
preferredto
fluid
lowered
makers.; and, secondly,those
of these
cells,and
either
are
the
or
instruments
all other
almost
19
INSTRUMENTS.
for them
obtained
Maker,
that
c
they
2
20
Th
THE
place
e
at
the
battery
that
VOLTAIC
service
BATTERY.
of
the
.
Voltaic
Battery,
with
ordinary
*
Fig.
busy practitioner
a
(and
care
no
instru-
6.
40-Cell Voltaic Battery.
A.
dial
Guard
preventing the
points to
"
0
lid
being shut,
", and the instrument
unless
is out
the
needle
of action.
of the
THE
will
ment
VOLTAIC
remain
be
kept
as
available
in
his
upon
order
without
this)
-room
consulting
his
to
21
BATTERY.
service
table, always Battery.
his
as
The
may
stethoscopeor
ophthalmoscope.
Three
A
kinds
Voltaic
battery,with
cells,from
15
Combined
Voltaic
cells
brought
element
Cells
sponges
C.
shown
a
and
the
which
when
removal
view
tray
for
of
the
holding
connecting wires
surface
made
to
the
necessary,
tlie
by
from
partiallyexpose
under
is
mahogany
a
now
Their
the
across
of
has
20)
the
of
move
cells
the
upon
be
may
for
H,
compartment,
accessories.
and
Bolt
I
6, p.
hidden
are
accessories.
board,
hinges that,
but
of
removal
and
sponges
B.
Voltaic
the interior
they
use
danger,
by
are
both
of
and
battery;
Battery"^(see Fig.
in
from
them
Faradaic
; a
arranged in
and
case,
100
"
number
required
any
:
currents.
The
and
to
constructed
are
battery, uniting
Faradaic
its
batteries
of
to
the
secure
element
board,
which
moves
the
upon
hinges, D.
Hinges of element board.
E.
plate regulating the strength of
the battery is not in use, should
needle, when
D. D.
Dial
to
seen
F.
G-.
The
current.
the
cover
stud,
"
0,'"
its left.
Commutator
through
the
holes
Key
by
of
of
cut
which
the
poles.
in the
element
the
current
of
position
change
and
vibrating it backwards
I.
to
I,
Binding screws,
and
"c.
sponge-holders,
the
The
poles, N
P,
seen
are
board.
can
be
shut
conductors.
forwards
which
and
are
"
as
"off"
It
an
attached
can
or
also
"on,"
out
with-
be used
interrupter."
the conducting
by
wires
22
GALVANOMETER
THE
but
examined,
The
AN
AS
other
at
AID
times
DOSAGE.
TO
this
element
board
Voltaic
is held
Battery,
positionby
in
the
of
of
the
dial
never
the
conduct
the
tion
posi-
determines
from
electricityshall
binding
of the
way
this
cells the
the
reach
to
them, by
and
screws,
be
from
conductors, sponge-holders,
whether
or
electrodes, the body of the patient,"*
or
*
Gal-
needle
of
many
allowed
The
wires
through the graduatingdial,and
current
how
it should
These
needlesslydisturbed.
be
vauometer
bolt, and
a
The
the
of Elec-
patient.
tricity.
the
The
to the
aid
an
made
up
("),thetime
and
current
"
as
is
electricity
gf voltaic
^q^q
o-"of
th^D^s
Galvanometer
of
strength
"
during
The
factors, (a) the strength
of two
which
it
is
applied
to
directlydependent
is
current
the
Dosage of Electricity.
the
upon
that
have
employed, but, unfortunately, cells of dissimilar
of very
evolve currents
unequal strength ; while cells
similar
been
powerful than
freshly charged are more
ones
that
have
of cells
number
construction
been
exhausted
partly
by
use
and, therefore,to
;
,
speak
of
from
current
a
convenient
of
method
"
so
cells," though, practically,
a
many
dosage,
fails to
It
is
unvarying quantity.
that
a
galvanometer
electro-therapeutists
with
of electricity
as
administer
their doses
we
grains,or so many
dailyprescribeso many
measured
and
medicines
but, like
;
of
a
comforting theory
to
enable
will
minims
adopted as theories only, it fails
according to my experience),and chieflyso,
it
be usefully employed only when
can
of
save
us
least
because
puncture
electrizations, which
indicated
in
; and
aid,
in
that
it is of
measuring,
terminals,
resistance
of
muscular
and
desire
Voltaic
6 per
barely
but
we
even
to
not
am
admit
of
human
the
the
current
much
a
meter
galvanoin
the
electroaneurismal
e.g., in
in saying that
the mark
its
useful
employment,
of
after
as
ordinary
us
is included
ordinary cases
where
practicalutility,
cent,
no
which,
that
as,
within
believe, I
and, I
;
current,
continuous
a
to
practice (at
in
trouble, when
circixit of
them
exactitude
much
which
theories
other
some
a
idea
exact
any
convey
which
in
we
leaves
overcoming
skin, really reaches
the
are
peutics
electro-theramost
the
want
battery
variable
very
the
underlying
tissues, which, in 95 per cent, of our
cases,
interrupted
influence, not by a constant, but by an
current
nervous
;
and
the
amount
which
reallyreaches
these
tissues
24
numbered
stud
The
AN
AS
GALVANOMETER
THE
the
on
AID
DOSAGE.
TO
dial, the number
cells
of
Voltaic
i5attery.
marked
the
that
on
the
preceding
increased
the
while
electrodes
but
patient;
if it
painful shocks
the
The
Gal-
vanometer
current
not
were
would
be
^^^
of
standard
made
so
of Elec-
power
tricity.
basis
of measurement.
is the
the
and
metre,
Association
an
standard
Unit,"
Ohm"
^'
used
"
current,
current
itself.
to
The
this
of
B.A."
"
to
measure
principlethat a magnetic
right angles to a
compass
itself at
of
current
has
a
called
now
of the
the
on
tendency
and
electricity,
the
to
strength
founded
one
British
a
offered
is
ordinary galvanometer
ment
measure-
"
it is
the
is the
height of
called
was
the
that
one
the
in
use
it has
foot
unit of
resistance
needle
for
know
of
unit, and
the
used
to
gramme
measure
when
Veber"
a
one
multiple
shortly,a
or
when
and
will raise
Should
forces
we
the
to
which
force
whenever
one
pound
height
the
Similarlyin electricity
raise
to
of
series
a
other
mechanics
In
measurement.
witli
as
the
to
adapted
most
one
the Dosage
sufficient
be
decreased.
or
by Sprague, of Birmingliam, is the
medicine.
Electricityis a force, and
may
applied
communicated
increased
was
the
shock, and
without
held
are
one
with
current
in power
decreased
or
touch
to
contact
the
thus
and
one,
enough
it breaks
before
studs
action,and
into
brought
are
just wide
is made
needle
of
stud
the
to
place
degree
to
quantity of
but
the angle of deflection is not
proportionate to the
electricity,
it
differs in different galvanometers ; but in
current
strength, and
into degrees,
the
dial is divided, not
Spragne's Galvanometer"
which
the
is
is deflected
needle
a
of
measure
the
"
of known
in
strength.
endeavouring
available
but
for
a
although
me
an
exhausted,
twelve
also
as
to
has
I
practicalconvenience
of doses
each
in
an
with
needle
Sprague
doing this, he
that
precisionthe
compared
of
the
which
with
for his
as
to
interruptedVoltaic
in
which, supposing
with
divisions
"
galvanometer
of
succeeded
not
to Mr.
his
modify
will indicate
as
given by
indebted
am
so
instrument
condition
of Vehers
the deflections
graduator
he
of its cells
the
thousandths
of
by noting
obtained
^
divisions
into
but
twelve
individual
Hospital
a
has
battery
absolute
were
currents
courtesy
render
it
electricity,
constructed
be
partially
strength of, say,
newly-charged cells,and
cell,points often
Electrical
Koom.
of
much
THE
VOLTAIC
the needle, from
use
m
the
upon
lid
or
the
of
the
of the
required in treatment,
enables
poles
this
in the
alteration
lever
a
the
of
holes cut
that
only
not
which
but
the
in
been
have
reallybeen
this ; and
the
all
of the
without
been
a
moment
changed,
and
such
has
one
By
handle
which
element
board
the
tion
alterna-
"
through
seen
indicates
marking them,
under
is sometimes
at
once
of
poles,
negative or
tive;
posi-
change
previous instruments,
been
wrong,
alternative,
and
N
"
board
has
at
in
letter
no
the
there
or
has
this
had
when
either
letter
to
a
circumstances, and
to
be
shut
off
conductors.
and
electricity,
clean
poleswas
ing
examin-
A
with
the under
emery
surface
studs
paper
of the
is
key
without
on
or
Dirt
the
liable to occur,
very
practised operator.
current
the
the
a
of the
or
has
remember
to
patients in rapid succession,momentary
of
Battery.
its
conductors.
the
and
element
pole is
poles
"
P
"
there
whereas
the
the
below
guard
Tiie
attention
accomplished
instantlyreversed,
letters
a
commutator
backwards
or
working
is
the current
be
to
Voltaic
the
and
0,
his
current,
position of
pushing forwards
moves
A
of
out
prevents
has
operator
of direction
change
''
at
instrument
his inadvertence.
to
left:when
position than
and
being shut,
called
be
forgetfulness,
other
any
25
BATTERY.
enables
removal
non-conductor
dial must
be
plate-powder,as
needle, key, and
fusion
con-
even
the
of
of
kept
also
binding
26
THE
The
screws,
Battery,
the
which
BATTERY.
to
unscrew
of
daily use
thrown
VOLTAIC
battery the
a
the
upon
first
have
of
(say
added
ingenious instrument-makers
to
to
into
his selection
vary
use,
this
unequal
than
grow
I
work
greater
a
the
next.
made
the
this
retical
theo-
placed
all
the
initial
terminal
of
them
the
gestion
sug-
cells
batteries
double
dial,* but
ISTew form
of
can
be
it adds
Graduating
Dial.
of
cells of the
,
desired
in
proposed
(an original
that
V
When
with
be
may
work.
initial cells
be
in
his
disease, unless
doubled
own), so
of my
week
be
of
a
all the
than
dial
brought
more
can
the
worse
is
by
tor
opera-
first half
number
found
remedy
be
for if the
have
one
the
equalize its
modifications, and
graduating
enable
carefully studied
have
various
batteries
question
;
usually
batteryof
a
cells to
to
In
to
the
words,
evil
practical
a
weaker
use.
of the
relieve
to
other
in
battery,or,
But
thus
and
in
is
and
twenty- five),
been
arrangements
removal.
chief work
first half
the
forty cells,upon
admit
constructed
to
the
com-
VOLTAIC
THE
plexity of the
27
BATTERY.
instrument,
and
do
I
not
myself The
Voltaic
use
it.
In
Battery.
Fig. 9
described
;
zinc, and
are
similar
a
but
the
batteryis
elements
lifted
and
into
Fig.
40-Cell
Voltaic
Battery
shown
consist
out
of
to that
just
and
of carbon
a
bichromate
9.
-with, zinc
and
carbon
elements,
and
liftingapparatus.
solution.
without
it
is
As
the
it
can
be
recharged by
necessityof sending
especiallysuited
practitioners.
for
it to
country
the
the
and
owner
maker,
colonial
28
THE
To
Essentials
Medical
AIC
recapitulate. The
Voltaic
batteryare
A
a.
Battery.
FARAD
BATTERY.
essentials
of
medical
a
"
of sufficient
supply of electricity
constant
quantityand quality.
h.
A
administered
A
c.
d.
electricity
may
be
doses.
by which
be
A
this
in measured
means
may
which
by
means
the
direction
of its
rent
cur-
changed.
by which
means
it may
be
continued
instantlydis-
FARADISM.
The
The
Current,
Faradaic, induced, interrupted,
or
is the
magnetic current,
in medicine.
employed
discovered, that
fixed
not
to
as
be
touch
to
;
were
electricity
or
induced
to
but
most
two
the
but
convenient
as
primary
single turn
if then
to
within
of the
were
so
other, but
of Voltaic
wire, another
This
secondary
in contradistinction
rent
'primaryor inducing cur-
a
is
only momentary,
when
moment
reverse
a
wind
form
will recollect,
wires
first
second.
first wire
for
electricity
current
a
it is called
as
in
to
metallic
close to each
the
in
again
ceases,
reels,so
you
current, the
it appears
current
Faraday, as
along the
sent
along the
sent
of
if two
that
and
current,
the
form
paralleland
appeared
current
third
electro-
these
the
direction.
two
the
secondary
primary then
acts
It
wires
separate coils,and
is
round
to
coil.
not
first
place
Each
only on
the
turn
parallel
the
turns
secondary wire,
of the
the
it, and
near
^"FiG.
Faradaic
A.
Cells showa
B.
for
by
the
29
BATTERY.
FARADAIC
THE
power
such
on
an
10.
Battery.
removal
condactors
of
but
and
of the
compartmeDt.
accessories.
all
^^^"^^^
ap- Batteiy.
30
The
paratus
Faradaic
^
is mucli
^
Battery,
FARAD
THE
obtauied
side
by
thus
in
lengthsof
same
arranged,we
this is
with
by
ingenious
an
of the
vibration
iron
the
of
graduator,
wire
practice
extremities
current,
frequently
we
engraving,
apparatus.
I, I. Binding
a
screws
stem
front
show
to
10
(see p. 29),
modifies
electro-magnet, E,
the
to
the
by
the
cells, A,
through
the
is inserted.
platinizedneedle.
which
part
G.
screw,
of wires
the
and
electro-magnet
the
this bundle
a
the
an
from
current
The
coil,L.
secondary
the
in
spring wliicli
a
rendered
primary coil,K, within
G. Screw
regulatingpositionof
The
being
primary
our
Fig.
regulated by
wires
Yoltaic
the
between
which
in
coils
E.
liammer,
of
In
of
pressure
platinizedneedle
a
Bundle
H.
side
two
mechanism
"
vibrating
Hammer
passage
running
continuous
a
Battery.^
regulatingtlie
Screw
E.
be
electrical currents, and
of
Faradaic
point of
would
interrupt.
or
The
E.
Our
battery supplying
which
D.
wire
through
pass
M^hich
accomplishedby connecting its
a
break
that
straightline.
a
succession
a
BATTERY.
than
s'reater
the
by
AIC
is attached
of the
case
construction
has
of
the
been
the
movable
cut
away
induction
of the
for attachment
conducting wires, "c.
pedestal. In the figure,the
a
primary coil,fixed upon
action
from
the
of the
withdrawn
is
wholly
secondary coil, L,
the
primary, and its strength of current depending entirelyupon
that
the
it
evident
is
the primary,
it covers
to which
height
extent
K.
The
graduator, H, stands
exactly indicate this strength.
the
which
L.
Movable
M, M.
for
slow
pressure
they
are
instrument
0.
A
secondary
above
the
element
board
will
coil.
of the
pedal rheotome, N",
made
interruptions are
by the
interruption.
the
of the operator'sfoot upon
spring,P, but in practice
to the
seldom
wanted, and the fittingsare only added
very
when
speciallyordered.
desired
spring retaining the secondary coil, L, in any
Binding
position.
screws
for attachment
These
32
The
FARADAIO
THE
the
of which
screw,
BATTERY.
the
needle
end
the
forms
"
Faiadaic
Battery,
that
is, by
through
adjustment so
the
the
long
considerable
After
this
against which
the
disk
platinum
hole
a
has
this
disk
*
little
cave
When
almost
entirely regulated by
needle
screw
and
remove
by
action
be
sufficient.
will
careful
the
of its
the
manipulation
needle
and
screw
of
vibration
needle
]3ointas
t Fig.
The
Platinum
if not, the
with
the
Disk
and
is
fails
directed
11.
Lever.
disk
The
needle.
adjustment being
the
hammer,
the
the
its
clean
vibrating
of
This
point.
of time
tlie
strument
in-
surface
new
protrusion or retraction
the slightest
tivist
and
;
the
When
a
f
given
point cleaned
course
the
touch
rotate,
the
with
needle
its
regulate
to
should
harely
the
and
in
is needed
to
required,but,
is
current.
slightesttwist
bring
to
dized,
oxi-
its circumference,
furnished
with
spring
but
in
hole, the
all that
paper.
A
needle, and
constructed
been
be unscrewed,
can
emery
icell.^
acts
the
alter
to
stoppage of the
or
drilled
contact
usually be
needle
not
impinges, become
is sufficient
platinum into
will
tion
vibra-
change of
point of
little lever
into
the
has
been
By insertinga
to
spring,but
it is better
needle
causingweakening
and
vibration,
the instrument
as
use
for
space
spot of the platinum disk of the hammer
exact
This
of its
pressure
this exists
unless
and
;
in its
passes
therapeuticneed
is seldom
there
hammer
by alteringthe
also
and
the
which
the
decreasing
or
mcreasuig
uneven
to
of the
of
or
stops,
re-establish
in the
text.
this
it,
dotted
becomes
over
33
BATTERY.
COMBINED
HOSPITAL
THE
spots of oxidation, the
with
The
Faradaic
fixingthe
screw
screwed, the
hammer
.
in
be
position must
hfted
hammer
.
its surface
and
out,
Battery,
un-
cleaned.
similarly
Induction
the
by
wire
of
currents
of
conditions
action
them
upon
permanent
a
certain
under
magnet
ordinary rotary magneto-electricmachine
machines
these
for
discarded
be
may
they
and
painfulin application,
graduation.
An
is
extremely convenient
Voltaic
either the
that
the
brought to
of
trouble
same
or
Faradaic
constructed
united, and
those
lettered
my
the
designs,
its details
being furnished
Coil.
current
action; when
When
from
the
with
Faradaic
points to
the cells numbered
thereon
both
of
forms
two
currents
the
pointsto
the
my
to
stud
this stud
brought into
numbered
in
Combined
exception
additional
an
coil is
as
are
similar
precisely
are
the needle
it
the
Battery(seeFig. 12), The
separate batteries,with
of the
of the Dial
the
from
point of
alternately.
or
HospitalCombined
the
thus
in succession
be
can
examining
by
patients for diagnosticpurposes
bined
com-
the
when
greatest possible convenience
In
are
avoiding
a
"
action,
of exact
current
conductors
sideration,
con-
constructed
so
terminals, thus
changing the
either
electricity,
in
currents
if it is
but
"
our
admit
do not
both
in which
apparatus
from
uncertain
are
the
in
as
"
coils
in
produced
also
are
studs,
Voltaic
D
in-
34
THE
^ti"^^^"^*'^^^
Hos
COMBINED
HOSPITAL
when
it
BATTERY.
pointsto
"
0," both
currents
itai
Combined
are
off.
shut
Uatteiy.
Fig.
Hospital
A.
Guard
K
Tray
E.
Dial
Combined
block.
for
holding
plate.
12.
accessories.
Battery.
C. Bolt
securing element
Gr.
for
M.
Key
Hammer.
board.
current.
intei-rupting
CONDUCTING
Other
Weiss,
the
instruments, such
invention
and
other
and
I have
felt
of those
but
I
without
of the
be
observations
will
electricity
furnished hy
until
Combined
list ; and
description
a
requirements;
our
understood
that
aj)]}ly
equallyto
my
of
currents
and
properlyconstructed
any
The
ments
instru-
upon
myself to
fitted to
must
and
Leclanche
exhausting the
best
course,
talk
might
limit
obligedto
I believe
it, of
further
But
of Stohrer
unsurpassed
were
improvement
cells.
for hours
those
as
excellent,and
are
35
CORDS.
reliable apparatus.
have
We
brought
now
the
theAcces-
to
electricity
series of
termmals
oi
sider the best
applied to
the
first
what
a
some
Commutator
I, I.
L,
H,
L.
of the
"
escape
poles.
of coil.
finally
It
from
N.
Electro
R.
Screw
cessory
ac-
reallybe
for any
be insulated
for conduct-
rheo-
it is of
should
in it will,of course,
not
Binding screws
ing wires.
Hinges of element
Graduator
it is
fault
or
the
nullify
also
must
be
by being coated
non-conducting material
electricity
may
F.
this
perfectbattery.
most
sponges,
wire, and
or
the Bat-
con-
first necessary
conductor"
''
"
and
sufficiently
pliable,
with
Our
importance that
of connection
and
it to the
carriers,by which
conductingcord
it is called
break
best
a
next
generallytermed,
patient.
our
must
we
conveying
they are
as
current
or
is
of
means
conductors, or,
phores
battery,and
our
it to
the
that
con-
any
-magnet.
regulatingpositionof
needle.
board.
D,
Screw
spring
regulating
hammer.
D
2
of
Conduct-
36
Conduct-
CONDUCTING
with
ducting substance
into
come
then
they
whole
thread, the
latter
that
when
them
nothing
the
thin
but
the
percha in
for
wire."
This
pliable for
cheap, and
Its
to break
at
terminals
the
be
can
the
of
than
they
that
rheophore.
trouble
have
I
used
with
known
gutta
graph
"tele-
as
is
perfectly insulated,
all
practicalpurposes
made
fit
to
the
Should
this
screw
happen,
;
ficiently
sufit is
of
sort
any
nection.
con-
it is liable
it is received
battery,or
are
only fit
endless
wire, coated
point where
the
these
and
will
disadvantageis,that
one
woollen
terrupti
order, causing in-
years
as
way
of
sewing
or
little use,
had
some
copper
same
a
of
I have
are
disadvantages are
while
current,
and
;
better
be
can
of
silken
some
at
strands
several
Their
of machine.
kind
with
in
constantlyout
in
one
enclosed
by
they
diameter
frayed after
become
be
to
the
quite new.
they
liable
about
nothing
material, and
of
sold
insulated
not
quite useless,but
are
of
accidentally
conducting cords
composed
wire
metallic
it may
sometimes
are
commonly
more
which
The
contact.
instrument-makers
all,and
CORDS.
the
into
socket
of
all that
is
^
is to scrape
necessary
with
a
end, by
pocket
which
knife
we
off the
for
an
gutta percha coating
inch
the
from
a new
get practically
broken
conducting
cord.
We
have
parentage
now
considered
of medical
fully the
and
electricity,
we
birth
have
and
con-
CONDUCTING
ducted
it
to
within
37
CORDS.
almost
a
breadth
hair's
of
Conduct-
our
^""
The
patient.
be
considered
Gentlemen,
dry
you,
in.
essential
useful
our
have
we
as
survey
a
more
been
secure
of
of
1
will
it
which
I
trust,
the
but
interesting
discussing
m
"
"
applying
Lecture,
next
render
to
details
methods
various
;
are,
foundation
electro-therapeutics.
for
I
assure
a
tically
prac-
Cords,
LECTUEE
methods
of
II.
applying
electricity.
Gentlemen,
Ih
rxe'sumeof
ferent
first
our
kinds
of
the
construction
I reminded
and
that
you
Franhlinism
Voltaism,
action,
made
of the
electricity,Faradism:
certain
difficulties
that
that
Voltaic
these
that
interrupted)
artificially
that
flowing,
the
was
positive
it
"
that
supplying
a
while
negative
by
no
pole,
use,
application
that
and
considered
We
then
and
portable
;
that
not
;
Frankexisted
;
different
it
was
batteries,
batteries
fitted
were
fixed
from
battery
that
only
should
large
the
"
appreciably
vary
current
and
"
or
less
(un-
continuous
until
that
all others
while
been
current
followed
did
fairly constant
its
stream
means
it
of
always
was
unbroken
an
is, that
during
power
medical
the
to
exhausted
constant,
in
is, in
had
longer
no
of
electricityin motion,
electricity w^as
electricity,but
current
there
employment
difficulties
cal
chemi-
thirdly,
and,
that
of
electricity,
"
the
in
kinds
electricityof
Galvanism;
or
induced
linism, but
of batteries.
static
or
dif-
medicine,
of three
use
friction
secondly,
;
in
management
we
electricity; firstly,of
the
studied
we
electricity employed
tuie.
and
Lecture
be
rejected.
both
low
for
fixed
tension
40
EdsunK^of
First
tme.
RESUME
current,
OF
FIRST
so-called,which
LECTURE.
I reminded
is not
you
a
"^
Lee-
current
in
shocks, each
separated by
from
be
its
flowing along
induced
or
wire
a
but
separated from,
the
two
wires
the
wires
number
of
of
afforded
no
I
us.
method
pointed out
and
the
therefore
to
coil.
I
secondary
construction
of
instruments
currents, and
our
cords, and
or
gutta-percha
superiorto
study
methods
of
of
form.
We
to
and
properties,of
instruments,
which
I
with
trust
of
Faradaic
a
of
as
have
the
the
sideration
con-
conducting
and
applying electricity,
how
use
the
other
and
wire
of
and
completed by
varieties
copper
mended
recom-
you
recommendation
my
covered
any
was
was
currents
instruments,
Voltaic
was
so-called
I
and
showed
then
both
different
there
the
only the
use
survey
of the
wires
that
but
within
graduation
between
Faradaic
combining
from
one
secondary currents,
you
only might
not
to you
therapeuticdistinction
primary
troducin
in-
spiralsof wire,
the
exact
and
multipliedindefinitely
the
an
parallel to,
reels
by introducingor withdrawing
other
current
wire; that by winding
other,
be
secondary currents
proportionto
Voltaic
a
movable
the
discovered
Faraday
other
two
within
perfectlydistinct
by
the first
upon
one
in
in
succession
appreciableinterval
an
fellows, which
generated
these
_
rapid discharge or
a
momentary
and
itself,
of time
to
all,but
at
of those
_
thin
generally
to-day to
to
learn
construction
you
are
now
familiar
worth
it is well
Gentlemen,
and.
:
41
ELECTRICITY.
OP
APPLICATION
THE
vour
while
them
methods
alreadystudied
have
itsture.
batteries,
the
to
.
for
ment-maker
instru-
avoided.
often
be
may
of your
of
readily
to
you
working
necessityof sending
the
knowledge,
enable
only
not
faults in the
rectifyany
We
this
obtained
possession will
but
.
,
have
to
Resume
First Lec-
"
of
applying
Franklinism.*
Faradization
and
Voltaization
appliedeither generally
of electrical
A
insert
the
foot and
vessels
feet
one
hand,
the
fulfil every
telegraphwire
with
the
break
current
may
and
wears
well
of
well.
addition
patient and
the
in
only of
the
to
water,
during
the
as
See
the
battery
the
to
constant
Radcliffe) is
very
just described,
with
means
pages
thick
it is little liable
accessories, and
*
or
while
connect
Dr.
way
some
;
varietyof
A
(originated by
readilyapplied
which
in contact,
circulate
requirement
answers
vessels
and
with
battery are
to
one
be, in separate
water
6-17.
of
insulatingthe
of
a
length
Appii"
to
Eiec"-'^
'""
patient,or
basins,
Ordinary foot-pails,
required.
jugs, will
the
of the
being allowed
current
time
case
containingtepid salt
conductingwires
the
of
the
as
required,is
is not
hands
and
forms
applying electricity,
The
of
localization
strict
very
be
locally.
or
"
method
convenient
when
the
baths
in the different
as
"
both
may
of
^'
42
Eadciiffe's
THE
APPLICATION
OF
uninsulated
ordinary
ELECTRICITY.
wire.
copper
Dr.
RadclifFe
Positive
.
1
Charge,
,...
^
believes
that
administration
an
somewhat
electricity,
Franklinic
patient
having
connected
the
which
wire
allows
the
while
continues
the
be
accessories, and
With
pass.
be
"
with
the
patient,and
latter
chandelier
the
metallic
of
gutta
be
employed
percha,
to
a
or
positive,to
earth."
"to
to
a
always gives
the
A
ground.
mat,
a
or
the
sheet
can
and
patient
a
forated
per-
glass-legged stool
insulate
to
patient
negativepole,
taken
indiarubber
vulcanized
the
the
as
other
conduction
the
by
away
the
from
gas-pipe,which
or
tion
insula-
convenientlyattached
be
may
earth
positive electricity.
well
applied, as
to
the
careful
circulates
wires
He
"ground-wire,"he
a
current
two
one
direct
the
calls
to
charged
"
must
This
and
negative electricity
passes
and
There
charge of
negative pole with
he
the current
wire,
the
is frequently
beneficial.
electricity,
the
a
positive Voltaic
analogous to
insulates
by
of
the
accessories.
The
Eiec-
There
has
been
power
generalizedapplicationwhich
is another
much
have
been
in
almost
by
of which
your
"
every
Electric
exist
in
patientsto
only of
put forth, not
disease, but
chemical
purely physical and
that
remarkable
advocated, and
Baths,"
London,
them.
several
but
You
effects
you
can
ments
state-
its curative
also
"
I
of its
refer
to
establishments
need
teach
not
send
them
how
APPLICATION
THE
take
to
electric bath
an
43
ELECTRICITY.
OF
in their
bed
own
bath-
or
The
tric
ElecBath.
A
room.
recline
be insulated
in it should
(fourstout
tumblers
with
at
A
water
metallic
with
The
a
the
with
Another
for the
in connection
battery;
held
any
part
or
of
the
used.
Ordinary
salt and
direct
wooden
the
the
the
the
the
water,
of
pole
with
contact
Faradaic
wet
pole
second
current
his
in
with
in
Faradaic
water
grasp
second
quite,in
acidulated
or
between
this
immersed
with
water
the
covered
from
not
or
water,
the
of
a
connect
with
body
Yoltaic
in
through
pass
bar
conductor
the
foot
patient to
copper
almost, but
Either
but
a
a
may
plate
protectedfrom
be
is to
flannel, and
be
the
pole at
method
hands
may
second
a
will
electricity
unimmersed
the
pole
one
sufficiently
powerful current,
a
pole,and
one
with
filled
degrees.
100
patient reclining thus
of the
poles.
to
plateby sittingupon
With
portion of
body
other
the
either
framework.
of 95
head, and
patient should
with
contact
by glass supports
well),and
connection
the
patientto
very
do
temperature
a
at
connection
bath.
will
plate in
inserted
be
the
sufficiently
largefor
bath
water.
be
may
current,
with
the
Voltaic.
Another
more
application is that
generalized
^
introduced
of
"
General
his naked
with
by
one
Beard
"'""'-
and
Rockwell,
Faradization."
feet upon
pole,while
a
The
sheet
the
of
other
General
Faradiza-
under
the
patientsits
copper
pole
is
name
with
connected
connected
tion.
44
THE
APPLICATION
General
by
tion.
operator,who
niQistened sponge
Si
moistened,
need
the
hardly say,
operator
before
sensation
he
Another
the
left hand
of the
disengaged hand, shghtly
whole
the
of
muscles
his
over
ELECTRICITY.
with
his
passes
over
sometimes
Central-
OP
The
body.
through
passes
it reaches
the
the
feels is his chief
patient,and
of the
body
the
patient,and
guide
I
current,
its
to
tion.
gradua-
a^eneralapplication is the "Centralized
izedGal.
vanization.
.
"
Galvauization
their
of
to
bring the
under
the
influence
the
from
the
the
down
of
nape
mogastric
the
current.
But
the
Dr.
a
the
to
spine,
The
sacrum.
the
and
submitted
thus
before
cases
pneuthe
to
require
"
strictlylocalized
of
principles
electrization
Duchenne
local
the
to
top
sterno-
the
length of
spinalcord,
fundamental
for
and
cui-rent.
but
generalized,
of localized
sponge
of the
border
at
"
forehead
the
great majorityof
for the
negative
largemoistened
neck
are
nerves
of the
influence
any
Voltaic
entire
brain, sympatheticand
late
of the
stylo-mastoid fossa
the
from
and
sternum,
and
a
pass
positivepole over
mastoid,
tion.
nervous
head, along the inner
of the
Localized
central
"
epigastrium and
from
whole
pole usually the
They placeone
which
authors, in
same
objectis
system
the
the
(the
are
we
"
him
applicationof
not
a
application,
all methods
indebted
to
the
peutics"),
father of electro -therano
one
had
attempted
electricitythat
could
APPLICATION
THE
properly be
called.
so
45
ELECTIIICITY.
OF
Indeed,
Duchenne
to
may
Localized
elec-
tion.
Electriza.
as
tricity
and
kindly
his
death
with
upon
induced
of
ever
work
than
that
whose
to
whom
to
of
science
whose
memory
I will
method,
surface
in
Faradism
the
stimulate
the
necessary
for the
as
and
to
make
the skin
to the
as
the
a
skin
see,
two
surface, or
be
the
dry
the
I
small
moisture,
electricity
"
I
am
apply
now
of
afraid
an
you
sparks produced
upon
the cutaneous
slight crackling sound
.
to
it is
this
do
conductors
metallic
the
it
dryness, I sprinkle
powder.
electricities combine
hear
of
in action.
Gentlemen,
arrest
allowing
"
little starch
posterior
to
propose
conductor
a
ments,
experi-
the
To
of
principles
quite dry
of sufficient
instrument
induction
cannot
sure
with
dry
being
to
a
warm
a
fundamental
I
was
test
two
subjacentmuscles.
know,
you
deserves
skin, without
skin
afforded.
largedebt
a
repeat upon
now
the
recognize,and
owes
left forearm.
of my
discoveryof
estimate, he
Duchenne's
regard."
yield
to
opportunity it
medical
with
disposalof
first to
demonstrating the
of his
the
the
at its lowest
gratitude,and
tribute
the
secure,
his work
Taking
made
which
the
genius was
seized
cultivated
perhaps ever
or
;
was
; ever
electricity
placed at
his talents
man
announcing
eagerness
harvest
better
man
more
earnestness
more
a
"
in the true
Lancet, when
field
No
"
:
Til
medical
of
and
therapeutics,
of the
words
birth
very
of
branch
a
.,
the
fairlyascribed
be
pro-
46
THE
APPLICATION
duced, but
Localized
observe
you
ELECTRICITY.
OF
muscular
no
contraction,
'
what
and
tion.
that
I have
but
that
the
to
motor
puncture
nerves
the
the
that
facial
in order
to the
been
the
with
the
to
two
destroyed the
placethe
productionof
in
the
was
but
or
Duchenne
Having
administered"
only,in
might
be
He
cord.
each
muscle
sides.
The
both
same
condition
reflex action, and
its
living rabbit
a
of the
a
rent
cur-
time
one
muscle
equally on
brain
cord
of
it
supplied by
excitation
the
at
;
that
its action
was
side
one
separatelyand
to
make
to the
face
of
connection
contracted
may
vivisection.
a
had
nerve
on
face, alternately,
then
the
from
skin
applied electric
He
limited
objectionby
muscles
all
from
of
may,
skin, and
contraction
muscular
chloroform
whom
It
we
the
^but of reflex action
"
the
divided
the
of
branches
concentrate
organs.
the
this
removed
to
of the
we
skin, and
of irritation
not
demolished
"
contraction
experiments that
incision
or
the
objected that
motor
current,
quite involuntary,and
is
in
electricity
subcutaneous
"
ductors
con-
observe
of the
power
energetic
these
from
traverse
result
the
dry
You
sponges.
electric irritation
pleasure,arrest
upon
replace the
now
This
evidently
nerves.
without
"
is
muscles.
It follows
at
I
altered
not
there
extensor
superficialand
a
well-moistened
by
the
is
sensation.
cutaneous
is due
feel
I
he
order
cut
off
then
of the
muscles
sides.
animal,
favourable
againexcited
48
Different
kinds
DIFFERENT
KINDS
OF
gicalconditions, and
in other
of benefit
The
RHEOPHORES.
be
likelyto
not
cases
of
Rheo-
phores.
be
him.
to
hollowed
well
out, that
the
comfortablybetween
in the
14),a
hand.
same
metallic
extremely
of
sponge
useful
;
it has
of water
by using its edge
it may
majorityof
for
fitted
a
advantage
as
face.
The
screwed
cord
the
be
made
is very
and
apt
to
to
answer
small
very
of those
some
to the
is attached
into the socket
made
pointed conductor,
interossei
wire
to be
the
over
without
beingsqueezed out, while
to
chieflyfor application
such
holdingtwo
wash-leather, is
with
the
used, lying
rheophore (seeFig.
pressure
the inconvenience
cases
disk
covered
allowingfirm
be
they may
when
fingers,
The
button
should
handles
insulating
conductor
(seea, Fig. 14).
get frayed
Fig.
at
13.
CylindricalSponge-holder.
in the
which
is
muscles,
of
the
by being
A
the
ing
conduct-
point
of
DIFFERENT
KINDS
that
and
luncture,
the
I recommend
which
wh^e
49
RHEOPHORES.
OF
is
Different
kinds
this
to
open
of
.
....
not
objectionis
the
not
ofjy its
least
rvheo-
phores.
.
.
In direct electrization
advantages.
should
firmlypresseddown
be
is convenient
or
as
of the
of
same
near
to
power
the
be in lines from
hand
one
of
from
If the
care
them
be taken
another, for the tension
Faradism
precaution there
is
will
so
be
Fig.
Metallic
Disk, covered
or
great,that
to
liability
muscle,
nearly
insertion
not
to
thirty
as
the
rheophoresare
should
in the
to
of the
originto
it
current
twenty
muscles, promenading
muscles.
the
Electriza-
rheophores,held
part of the surface
to every
group
may
the
apply
to
(seeFig. 15),for
hand
seconds,
J)"^^^^^_
points of ^.
tion,
all
upon
the Faradaic
With
electrized.
ec[ually
same
rheophores
of the muscle, that all of its fasciculi may
the surface
be
the
held
in
them
keep
penetrating
this
without
excite
reflex
14.
witli Wash-leather.
E
50
APPLICATION
THE
With
Direct
action.
tion.
does
liability
using
the
exist, and
hold
the
pole stationary,near
and
stroke
to
paint
and
the
very
these
different
left wrist
Constant
tion.
claims
our
its
rent
cur-
the
Faradism
its
effects
interrupted
current
applicationsupon
extra-muscular
attention.
You
branches,
instead
riG.
Method
Voltaic
quite immovable,
will
"
tive
nega-
position of
altogetherin
fingers
entire
the
the
I
produced by actingupon
and
held
be
muscles,
the
constant
conductors.
and
the
positive
demonstrate
of
extensors
"
Voltaism
"
Current.
lndu"ect, or
Indirect
the
strengthof
same
the
from
from
when
plan
were
sponge
it differs
the
by moving
it
as
lines
must
sponges
applied
so
from
m}^
in
positive. In using
both
from
origin of
the
with
pole,gliding it
the
the
this
current
better
a
sponge
to
or
surface
muscular
ELECTRICITY.
interruptedVoltaic
not
it is to
OF
of
electrization,next
will recollect
the
of
that
special nerve
by placing the
it is
trunk
rheo-
15.
holding Sponge-holders with Sponges
inserted.
INDIRECT
the
pliores
upon
a
motor
cutaneous
which
method
where
is
desire
we
as
the
sedative
is
current
indifferent
and
be
part
the
of the
it is desired
to
with
act
find
in the
and
nerves
the muscles, and
(which is
are
act
to
propose
they
not
this
being so,
to
paralyzed),
the
current
make
in it
of
when
we
nerve
that
sure
the
among
mixed
of its muscles
the
spot by touching it
This, of
it is
we
by producing for
marking
our
plate,
course
or
be
may
it is well
contraction
in
nerve
that
know
the
of silver.
called
motor
a
the
the
of their distribution
mode
num,
ster-
anatomical
moment
where
the
from
of
are
in
variations
upon
the
localizing
nitrate
pole upon
Speaking generally,
upon.
by reference to a good
for we
only approximately,
to
place
to
as
course
special
any
one
such
body,
the
points as
motor
common
in
is convenient
selected
but
Voltaic
constant
localized
cases
again when
apply a pointed conductor
to
pain.
contraction
be, and
connected
over
pole directly
second
these
of
tion-
power
actual
to
may
applicationit
good-sizedsponge
an
as
indirect
of sensation
muscular
produce
to
required to
its
of
minimum
amount
influence
In
nerve.
affectino- the
preferable,therefore, in
little sensation
and
tlins call
may
minimum
a
necessarilya
need
We
without
with
and
nerves,
hardly ever
This
itself.
action
into
of current, and
a
muscle
nerve
51
ELECTRIZATION.
course,
with
is
then
and
a
a
pencilof
onlynecessary
subsequent electrization
do
we
E
2
not
52
Indirect
ELECTRIZATION.
INDIRECT
contraction,
muscular
wish
in the
as
tion
I will demonstrate
neuralgia.*
of
treatment
Electriza-
electriza-
indirect
.
forearru
above
beneath
the
lies
and
that
work
his
important
more
"-"'
terlng
constant
current.
a
tlie "constant"
are
in
so
easy
must
desire,we
of the
battery
the
to
moistened
well
that
current
oiily"but
always quite
we
them
fact
in
see
"
in
in
a
practiceas
that
the
electrodes
and
should
we
Zeimssen
chart
in
published
points
cord
really
or
firmlyin
wire
or
for
map
method
of
pro-
administration
in the
special nerve
in theory.
is without
placed
the
of
the motor
Ziemssen's
some
a
grouped together the
imperative importance
of
It is often
inadininil1^'^^^
of
reference, f
convenient
ance
of
have
I
and
body,
of the
also
occurs
phalanges
platesof
the
at
fingers,
Electricityhas
extremely accurate
some
other
first
Medical
on
palmaris longus.
fingers. Professor
middle
and
index
It
tendons
the
There
it.
the
of
slight flexure
carpus.
passes
powerfullycontract
the
to
abducting
time
same
the
and
its muscles
thumb
the
it
surface,between
left
my
before
of
ligament
the
in
nerve
and
carpi radialis
flexor
oppose
median
wrist,
annular
observe
You
the
little below
a
of the
import-
the
by Faradizing
tion
localize
and
;
To
it
this
the
flaw ; that
is not
the
secure
from
of
in
not
"
result
terminals
the electrodes.
position determined
duringquite immovable
the
especiallythat they are held
shall
for if not maintained
immovable, we
the entire application,
with
but
"constant"
an
"interrupted" current
be using not
a
!
effects
We
and
therapeutical
physiological
totally dissimiliar
from
our
must
battery is also
satisfyourselves that the current
that
the affected
to
it
our
so
patients
apply
constant, and that we
upon
;
nerve
and
shall
be
"
as
it is called"
included
in
poles, and that the current
nerve
as
perfectlyand continuously as it would
of the battery.
wire connecting the terminals
Churchill.
Published
by
t
between
the
the
circuit
circulates
"
that
is,
thist
through
through a piece of
"cedure
53
ELECTRIZATION.
CUTANEOUS
find
the
experimentally
was
to
out
the
most
applicationof electricity
points indirect
Klectriza-
where
produced
these
.
muscular
number
of
Photographs of
and
the
afterwards
These
transferred
for
correct
appoximate
of
course
the
their
exactitude
by
the
before
disappeared,and
the
scalpel.
We
the
the
The
the
until
results
reaction
body
but
;
mined
deter-
immediately
electricity
to
these
points
three
the
of
entrance
he had
the skin
submitted
secting-room
dis-
muscles, with
of the
surface
points upon
had
coincided
following the
within, their
to
motor
iifter death, and
verified
accuratelyin
very
completelysatisfied
not
was
Ziemssen
course
reference
constant
absolutely
be
not
to
true
observingtheir pointsof
and
into, and
blocks.
be
to
individual.
nerves
taken
wood
claim
may
silver.
were
the
to
therefore
every
marked
cient
suffi-
a
of
nitrate
thus
although they
Nature,
he
parts
figuresmay
their
with
trials
.
marked
after
chalk, and
coloured
readilytion.
then
He
contraction.
points with
Ti
.
to
methods
perfectly.
will
consider
next
electrization.
cutaneous
Cutaneous
Eleciriza-
already shown
I have
the
conductors
of
current
form
of
methods
both
are
moderate
when
power
upon
of
not
its
the
quite dry,
penetrate
surface.
applying cutaneous
a
skm
and
Faradaic
this
(and practically
is always employed
electricity
does
electrization)
localized
you
that
the
There
in cutaneous
skin, but
are
Faradization"
is
three
the
tiou.
54
Cutaneous
}^ 1 6C t r
ELECTRIZATION
method
that
ductors
;" the
OF
INTERNAL
employed
we
ORGANS.
that
"
of
Con-
Metallic
"
IZ 3i-
tiou.
which
to
the
of his
in his
second
hand
right
the
back
hand
absorbent
of metallic
the
the
which
skin
fact
it
the
which
do
''Wire
flogging
that
more
than
by
laid
not
Internal
Organs.
-
the
intense
mothods
anus
be
the
structure
;
liamentary
par-
for
doubt
no
produced by
cat, however
by
internal
electrjzing
long.
us
be
the
insulated
The
it
well
electrized
rectal
gum
and
metallic
rheophore,a
elastic,and
appliedto
the
with
abdominal
the
muscles
of
by introducinginto
it
moving
A
sphincter ani.
connected
need
organs
and
rectum,
surface, bringing it also into
levator
sponge
of
may
the rectum
the
have
I
of
substitute
a
may
applicationof
any
detain
internal
pain
brush
scientific
some
and
skin.
excitants
disorganizeits
navy,
of the
wire
all the
a.
!
on
The
Eieetriza-
the
in
J'
the
this
philanthropist as
with
Brush
over
current
proposed by
was
th"
sprinkled
is moved
not
to
and
replaces one
powerful of
most
back
wishes
patient's skin
and
strong Faradaic
a
becomes
in
the
the
he
points
wire, which
and
conductor
one
passes
being dry, and
powder;
conductors,
left,and
over
points of
of his
called, in
part of the patient'sbody,
excite, these
With
it is
as
operator having applied
the
brush
HandJ'
little sensitive
some
holds
Electric
"
the
over
with
contact
well-moistened
other
muscles
stem
or
pole
to
may
the
be-
neigh-
56
Eiectrization
or
ELECTRIZATION
OF
pliorefrom ri^it
THE
CENTRAL
left and
to
vice
ORGANS.
A
versa.
powerful
the
.
Central
,
will penetrate the
cuiTeiit
intestine
and
the
reach
Organs.
...
vesiculse,excitingthem
is
completed by
unsensitive
In
in
its
of
the
the
or
it should
excitement
the
central
Voltaic
be
had
be
not
the
should
giddiness,nausea,
be
well-moistened
to
of
each
auriculo
To
ganglion of
size
cervical
vertebra,
close
the
to
spinal
sponge,
the
The
be
cord
border
may
usuallythe
other
to
or
up
of
be
the
the
With
electrized
to
each
the
the
frontal
electrode
the
into
other
or
with
sterni,
sterno-mastoid.
by
The
by keeping
the
sides
a
seventh
manubrium
electrized
down
be
superior
and
positive,stationary,
and
and
must
the
the sixth
by
mastoid
deeply pressed
appliedover
of
be
sponges
and
the
occurrence
sympathetic, one
-maxillary fossa,
good-sizedsponge
to
the
cases
with, and
galvanize
the
must
may
or
central
symptoms.
applied
temple,
used,
general
a
in all
the
the
especial
w^hen
commenced
brain
sponges
As
to
cerebral
or
immovable.
small
an
thetic
sympa-
senses,
recourse
occipitalprotuberances.
cervical
of the
upon
precautions the
held
brain, the
employed.
application discontinued
process,
is alone
is contra-indicated, and
dose
these
on
of
organs
current
organs
circumspectionmust
minimum
rheophoreplaced
application to
nerves,
rule
circuit
part of the body.
system,
and
second
a.
electrization
nervous
energetically.The
one
ing
mov-
of
the
vertebrse,or
the
and
retina
other
held
second
by
one
conductor
to
the
bottom
in
meatus
metallic
tube
may
be
closed
his
linen
wet
through
his
the
from
the
of
is not
allay the
connected
immovable
the
orbital
the
or
and
a
vulcanite
a
the
second
the
to
sponge
the
ocular
the
other
applied
covered
by
a
his left
pole in
the
to
finger
fore-
finger-stall
current
moistened
tor
hand, the conduc-
held
pole being similarly
of
the
patient.
only convenient,
fears
facial
the
"use
may
body by holding a
with
being
;
electrode, passingthe
an
hands
margin, as
of
water,
operator
second
and
axis
placed over
the
and
ear,
pointed conductor,
be
be
may
own
one
inserted
second
to
application
right hand,
as
from
sponge
to
the
eyelid,or
of
one
pole
one
and
sible,
conjunctiva is usually inadmis-
the
to
or
below
nerve
Direct
^^^ans.
toid
mas-
tepid water,
the
in
central
auditory nerve
well-moistened
a
neck.
but
of
immersed
be
the
to
opposite side
filled with
being
muscles
the
closed
the
meatus,
of
the
sponge
traversing the
wire
of the
nape
the
The
or
The
spine,Eiectriza-
muscle.
to
temple
side.
same
of
hand
conductor
or
tipped with
the
may
the
tlie
appliedto
nerve
a
57
ORGANS.
conductor
to
of the
process
held
to
moistened
a
the
and
eye,
be
pole may
one
by
CENTRAL
THE
OF
ELECTRIZATION
of
covered
one
with
pole, and
as
patient:
a
or
leather, may
wet
firmly pressed
near
tion
applica-
it is calculated
but
sensitive
a
This
in
its
point
down
possibleto
upon
the
held
the
position
58
patient
second
OF
it is desired
muscle
of the
MODE
IN
PRECAUTIONS
touches
held
pole
to
intervals
at
its
by
APPLICATION.
excite, while
the
from
the
the
sponge
insulating handle
the
in
disengaged hand.
operator's
chemical
Electro-
The
Needles.
current
lysis
is sometimes
of
the
into
or
one
tumour,
battery.
and
I shall
and
connected
Lecture, but I have
here
needles,* and
useful
which
conducthigwires
of
wire
Needles
Electrolysis
B,
wire
the
made
holder
is twisted
into
as
the
shown
generally
for
them
attachment
the
operator
pocket
for
knife
of
pendent
inde-
with
he
a
can
16.
By pressingtbe spring
iN'eedle-liolders.
and
opens
Fig.
a
next
our
the
render
and
^-
side
most
specialconducting cords,
coil of insulated
The
had
have
Voltaic
a
subjectin
eyelet-holesfor
with
holders
I
with
of the
some
of
being introduced
needles
this
persal
dis-
or
consolidation
the
more
discuss
removal
in the
in
Voltaic
continuous
a
useful
tumours,
aneurisms,
of
action
in
C,
eyelet hole-A.
to
grasp
the
needle
D.
TKECAUTIONS
fit up
best
his
IN
needles
adapted
Having
of
out
of
his
to
minutes
it
application,
may
remind
concludiDgthis part
in
you
certain
be
observed.
precautions
We
^
all
it, do
should
its
"
^"^'^
in
of
with
other
to
use
or
blinded
a
from
cells to
candour
part
any
sudden
and
course,
having
more
it is
and
"
only
occur
in
Duchenne
held
been
immovable,
graduallyincreased, one
abruptly,and
it may
I have
known
a
cessation
shock
as
negative pole of
or
be
both
current
a
he
had
should
especially
shock
the
and
plications
ap-
a
of
can,
conductors
the
of them
current
has
been
inadvertently,removed
patient so frightenedby
to
the
Sudden
cessation
where
cases
to
current
of the head.
misfortune.
The
on
so
necessary
especially
Yoltaic
cessations
guarded against.
to
just
power
facial muscles, and
publish his
to
need
we
patientby suddenly applying
the
a
the
use
applying the
in
care
face,neck,
40
and
traction
con-
7io
and
applications;
if
decline
Yoltaic
tion.
e.g., muscular
must
it and
produce
to
ad-
with
commence
and
efiPect,
gradually
so
being sought we
sufBcient
.
prescribingor
are
exceedinglypowerful remedy,
dose, watch
increase
The
constantly
.
v/e
patientswe
new
minimum
a
^^ecaiv
neces-
are
tions
keep
must
that
attention
our
with
and
be
perhaps not
^
ministeringan
be
ful
generallyuse-
Applica-
before
the
way
more
"^
sary "^
any
proposed operation.
subject that
to
in
the
of
place to
our
few
a
considered
now
methods
in
59
APPLICATION.
OF
MODE
further
j
such
treatment.
battery will, if
fre-
GO
PRECAUTIONS
IN"
Trecau-
qacntlj applied
raodeof
sore,
tion.
and
should
be
impress
the
to
spot,
same
slightlyvaried
upon
APPLICATION".
OF
tliis the
avoid
to
MODE
it to
the
so-called
or
as
like, but
you
left hand
as
currpnt, except when
patient'shead
your
invariable
rule
strength
same
to
this
such
persons
who
derived
from
is
is
very
wholesome
employed
checked
upon
a
to
each
Faradaic
day.
home
educated
with
proportionto
little personalexperience
such
to
dose, then, by the
a
number
there
is
strengthof
shall not
have
no
either
certain
a
varied
notion.
of cells
by testingits effect,and
current
him.
better, that the benefit
corrective
the
press
im-
tive,
imperaespecially
is in exact
a
at
minister
adyour
electrizes
it is
for
application,
securing that
out
the
to
authorize
If you
carried
electrization
your
about
are
an
face
own
your
you
know
pain given by it,and
a
to
Faradaic
it then
make
great belief,even
ought to
for the
to
apply electricity
whosoever
upon
Graduate
of
current
circumstances
for there
the
apply
treatment
rule
of your
for the
face, and
patient's.
your
have
patient to
Under
of
the
muscles
or
of
precision,"
approximate test
to
me
nometers,
galva-
many
back
about
first
to
as
addition
thumb
your
let
importance
of
convenient
a
Voltaic, and
in
use
apphcation
instruments
"
a
yourselves before
Use
patient.
a
cause
occasionally
; and
always testingelectricity
upon
applying
of
point
Gentlemen,
you,
soon
do
this
means
Voltaic
from
or
day
PHECAUTTONS
We
IN
have
electrical
In
application.
I
propose
affords
us
OF
studied,
now
electricity,
MODE
Gentlemen,
instruments,
our
to
discuss
in
diagnosis,
next
the
61
APPLICATION.
and
and
methods
concluding
assistance
prognosis,
medical
that
and
Piecau-
of
Lecture
electricity
treatment.
mode
twV^^
of
LECTUEE
ELECTRICTTY
DI*AGNOSIS
IN
A.
III.
AND
TREATMENT.
Electricityin Diagnosis.
"
Gentlemen,
Our
351ectro-
first
Lectures
two
devoted
were
to
a
mosis.
consideration
electrical
of
varieties
of
methods
To-day
and
prognosis,
chief
The
to
of
its
We
upon
you
my
when
nerves,
Test
of
the
proved
ap-
therapeutics.
in
uses
electricity in
left
of
power
have
diagnosis,
seen
"
diagnosis
evolving
I
as
muscular
pendent
detraction.
con-
demonstrated
that
forearm
is
both
to
muscles
and
"
in
a
of
stimulus
most
treatment.
use
upon
in
their
study
the
them
applying
tlie- different
;
and
electricity ;
of
have
we
instruments
condition,
normal
In
electricity,
respond
disease
to
this
sponse,
re-
Electro-
irritability,may
or
Irrita-
remain
unaltered,
ibility.
our
be
first
step
contractility.
cases
only
the
we
in
have
one
in
As
to
nerve
exact
do
or
should
;
and
therefore
of
condition
electro
-
practically
with
abolished
or
electro-diagnosis
in
ascertain
to
decreased,
increased,
be
may
it
or
reaction
altered
muscle,
almost
or
in
one
all
our
existing
of
two
64
ELECTRO-DIAGNOSIS.
if it is not
battery, or
our
while
conductor
one
that
essential
the
similarityin
sliould
is
with
the
it flows
the
negativefarther
and
consequentlya
result.
of
paraplegia
from
In
both
strength of
the
As
it
to
it flows
is,
up,,
ence
influ-
in which,
there
in
as
guided by
cases
some
knowledge
a
usually required
current
contractiou.
induco
be
the
with
poles will
case
"
the
spine,and
when
of the
sides
trodes
elec-
limb, that
the
to
testing a
must
we
the
responds
it than
reversal
upon
"
nearest
exact
points of
the
down
It is
be
that
healthy muscle
positivepole
equal disease
should
identical
the
other.
important
especially
for
readilywhen
is
there
placed on
current,
the
for
be
more
of
sides
application,and
this
muscle, and
Voltaic
both
on
key,
a
break
stationary,we
reapplyingthe
by liftingand
current
Rule
is
with,
provided
to
general rule, unless
a
a
strength of
in the
nerve,
Electro-
both,
to
integrityof
also
ball of the
we
have
litydiminOrigin of
thumb
produces
cord
further
;
have
proof
we
find
of either
and,
rule, this
a
the
the
that
is disease
as
If
of
at
of its
nerve
the
the
the
muscle
electrization
spinal cord
If
proof
tissue.
to
irritability
find
we
we
contraction
nerve.
lessened, there
or
currents,
also the
the
muscle,
muscular
the
responds by
healthy,and
nerve
the
of the
examination
normal
-
of
muscles
painful action
energetic and
causos
is impaired. If, in
contraction, irritability
some
our
_
that
currout
Current,
point
is
of
irritability
muscular
tissue,
will be in direct
65
ELECTRO-DIAGNOSIS.
proportion
the amount
to
of diminished
Eiectroirritability.
Irritabi-
....
Increased
.
.
.
to increased
irritabilitypoints
vascularity
lityincreased.
irritative
or
require the
seldoin
in
of
aid
The
diao-nosis.
our
.
but
lesion ;
such
cases
we
very
to complete
electricity
reactions
of
Faradism
in
some
and
o
Voltaism
which
usuallyequal,but
are
muscular
abolished
or
the
Voltaic
increased.
muscular
The
reaction
is not
current
is diminished
to Faradism
response
diseased
in
cases
to
rupted
inter-
an
only preserved
will
muscle
but
respond Voita_
much
the
readilyto
more
correspondingmuscle
the
at
the
time
same
that
nerve
the
to
is
found
of muscular
specialirritability
of
quite independent
both
to
is due
tissue,and
influence.
nerve
any
while
;
reaction
muscle
the ntyin-
examining
on
diminution
equal
increased
than
current
healthy side
the
it will be
there
This
currents.
of
Yoltaic
is
It Diagnosis
"^
.
,
exists
.
only
lesion,and
of such
from
the
facial
as
commencing
nerve
"
"
obtain
we
local
absolute
an
fingers,due
muscular
as
the
"
of
Faradaic
lesion.
nerve
of
progressive
section
of
treatment.
affecting
degenerative nerve
There
piierai
poisoning,from
from
paralysis
reaction," as it always follows when
in the
facial
or
a
nerve
is then
irritability
through
^^^'^'
1
diagnosisCentral
the extensors
atrophy,
important questions as
It is known
is involved
the
lead
to
central
m
never
paralysisof
atrophy from
all
and
of
hemiplegia,paralysis
and
muscular
it
by
cases
wrist
-Ill
peripheral
m
both
trunk
tion
diminunerve
r
a
66
ELECTRO-DIAGNOSIS.
muscle, diminution
and
"TheDe-
of reaction
the
to
Voltaic
generative
Nerve
Re-
wlien
cun'ont
the
rheophores
increase
the
appliedover
these
between
electrical
of
but,
equally paralyzed
in
often
in
After
degree
two
of
Paralysis.,
be
.
three
or
of
in
muscles
electrical
We
may
will
latter
the
of
use
then
present
tricity
elec-
any
whcu
irritative
it is increased.
of
In
the
restored
always
and
existence
its
in diagdifficulty
nosis.
find
that
in
is
irritability
electric
disease
slight
a
irritability
may
qualificationwe
brain
substance
muscles
this is
Faradizations,
this
uormal, oxcopt
the
muscle
these
electric
present, but
paralysisfrom
of
c,
and
hand,
healthy
of
diminution
hardly likelyto
and
of
disuse
long
With
Central
be
prognosis.
sometimes
is
that
instance
one
the
may
others.
in
none
trical
elec-
and
find absolute
positivelypredict
"
the
in
nerve
other
may
and
some,
rapidly recover
by
the
we
relation
no
hemiplegia,when
in
of both
on
are
will, for there
the
paralysis,as
;
they
muscle,
and
nerve
condition
unchanged
changes
is
interestingvariations
perfectmuscular
is
there
but
;
degree of paralysisto
the
when
reaction
oi
muscle
condition
the
"*
.
and
nerve,
over
applied
|
are
""
action."
is
lesion
paralysisfrom
present,
disease
irritabilityis dimi-
cord
,
Paralysis,
nishcd, and
diagnosis
"
this
not
paraplegia and
least in its
will
always
sometimes
easy
locomotor
earlystages
"
"
aid
the
in
commencing
between
ataxy.
us
In
is
irritability
ataxy
normal.
"
at
In
67
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
progressivemuscular
as
muscular
any
emotional
is normal
atrophy it
tissue
hystericalor
In
remains.
is
paralysis irritability
is often
electro-sensibility
much
variations
enable
long
as
Hysterical
but
normal,
Those
impaired.
Diagnosis
between
will sometimes
lieai and
distinguish
to
us
between
real and
pretended
disease
absolute
abolition
of electric
in
irritability
muscles
that
by
if
of the
those
people
extraordinary
who
so
haunted
are
Electricity
being buried alive may rest contented Positive
uf
they provide that after apparent death, and
fear of
a
before
burial, their
bodies
Considered
little
get
have
solelyas
to
of the
last and
"
Is
much
and
belief
,"
peutic power
The
men
minority.It
for
and
can
than
electricity
I
the consideration
branch
of
therapeuticagent"
a
remedy.
a
as
to
me
much
too
to
come
important
its limitations
it needful
to
we
diagnosis,
from
we
most
as
subject electricity
scope
submitted
you.
Gentlemen,
now,
be
aid to
an
assistance
more
pointed out
And
shall
examination.
thorough electrical
or
all the
proof positiveof death,
is
body
and, finally,
Disease,
;
that
say
unbelief
there
in
our
its
is too
its thera-
Limitatioa
citv
0
f
who
is
else believed
estimate
it
generallyeither
to
be
a
sort
fairlyare
much
of
quite
the
undervalued,
modern
"
Elixir
.
Vittx,"capableof curing a hopelesshemiplegiafrom
destruction
from
senile
as
a
remedy.
of brain
tissue,
or
a
paralysisagitans
degeneration.Although
electricity
F
2
C8
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
do
will
neither
considered
wide
as
of diseases.
both
varietyand
mode
of
application;
heighten temperature,
the
blood, and
dissolve
either
it will
frequently
pain,
sensation, coagulate
the
slowly cause
or
a
its
to
relieve
it will
recall
in
stimulate
muscle, according
voluntarymovement,
restore
great value
It will
and
nerve
impossibilities,
yet,,
it is of
remedy,
a
margin
soothe
or
these
of
tion
absorp-
of tumours.
B.
in
Electricity
"
Treatment.
FRANKLINIZATIOX.
Franklinization
and
as
than
a
partaking
at pages
6 to
of
the
the
treatment,
may
-
has
in the
Paralyzed
coming
private cases
example, which
methods
found
obscrvatiou, of Considerable
for
of
electricity
general application
various
Hospitalfor
in
a
form
conveniently considered
17, it has been
National
aud
Neuralgia,
by
the oldest
more
be
local,may
Administered
the
as
value.
first.
described
practiceof
and
under
leptic,
Epiown
my
Faciahieuralgia,
other
resisted
modes
with
relieved
occasionally be
of
rapidityand permanently by drawing sparks along
the
Sciatica,
trifacial
has
Facial
Spasms.
track
been
of the
nerve.
affected
branch
Sometimes
also
or
(ticconvulsif),as
instance, for permission to
sciatica
obstinate
or
altogetherremoved
partially
facial spasm,
of the
branches
in
the
quote which
;
so
also
following
I
am
in-
69
ELECTEO-THERAPEUTICS.
"debted
of
years
from
Eadcliffe.
Dr.
to
had
age,
the
face.
"was
very
The
attention
proper
.and
the
a
of
period
relief
the
tliose of
it
in the
recent
cases,
twice
these
or
cases
dura,tion.
been
found
was
The
festly
mani-
of
form
a
her
pursue
by sparks
in
the
aphonia,Emo-
it is w^ell to
before
six
use
having
or
seven
applicationrepeated
complete
nine, another
remainder
of
of the face
emotional
electricity.In
effected
of
to
cases
over
amount
an
effective
so
of these
this
thrice
of
muscles.
weekly
Electrization
long standing, that
induced
to
able
hysterical or
treatment
recourse
great
so
patient was
has
of
cases
lines
w^as
little distortion
comfort.
larynx
relief of
even
that
the
with
business
"over
months,
two
and
remained,
the
thrice
this treatment
obtained
was
made
was
occurring less frequently. By
paroxysms
persistingwith
small
a
being diminished,
distortion
the
reheved,
as
spasm
as
prevent
affected
applicationthe
much
stranger,
a
trial
the
to
spasm
so
to
hj sparks along
third
the
address
to
of
such
occupation
distributed
nerves
After
be
even
experimental
electrization
the
her
to
An
shopkeeper.
of
the
speaking difficult, and
make
to
^s
by having
years
left side
to
apt
was
slight emotion,
caused
be
the
of
produced by
distortion
exaggerated by
would
thirteen
for
muscles
great, and
forty-eight
female,
suffered
the
of
spasm
A
had
of
lasted
of
One
cure.
six
months'
from
four
Aph'on.a,
70
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
weeks
receive
benefit
any
other
the
and
months.
three
to
Xocalized
affected
in
removing
the
of static
proved equally
agent
under
slowly
by sparks
often
of
localized
not
electricity,
Electrization
has
spot
did
case
recovered
case
general treatment.
seventh
use
the
of
The
the
the
from
forms
ineffective.
The
proved
over
benefit
great
sensitiveness
excessive
not
Excessive
found
ness. unfrequently
in the
local, is
for
charging him
Other
hour.
always, in
half
Since
*
effects
to
I
applicationsfailing,
would
similar
of
sittings,
dozen
witli
impossible
that
the
Import(111 ce
of
(quoted
f/uishing
of
"
the
the
is the
linism.
their
Giacomini
of
of
nerves
the
greater
undergoes a
a
t
See
page
4.
most
"
or
less
added
page
10, has
enabled
of
the
patient
and
valuable
is
the
for
instead
it is
ranked
this
of
by
success
in
and
charge
the
the
altogether
Giacomini
influence
is
ground
Italian
Churchill.
as
School
toAccording
hyposthenisants.
is
deprived
de-electrized, conseqiiently
qiiantityof
on
to
derived
a
stimulant
analogous
to heat
effect. Erysipelatous tissues
hy]post]ienisant
Duchenne
u.se
that
years
many
from
the
ment
treat-
instruments
hyposthenic
that
contends
He
a
and
to
precision,and
negative charge;
a
attributes
"patient
real
largely
jpositiveelectricitydiffers
of
that
positive charge,
Negative
Cliarge among
Frank-
from
of the beneficial
knowledge
our
contended
has
of
Duchennet)
by
trial,
Franklinization.*
degree
a
Eadcliffe
charge
a
an
advise-
fair
a
very
at
with
negative charge.
the from
J-bsitive
and
efi'ect of
above,
comparatively imperfect
the
Dr.
date.
therapeutically
distin-
between
conducted
be
been
described
improved apparatus,
at
in 1873,
has
Franklinism
to
the
to
half
.
writing as above,
of
tricity
positive elec-
minutes
cases
a
by insulating
with
period of twenty
a
general or
largely relieved
sometimes
patient,and
say
whether
spinalregion. Tremor,
Tremor.
the
hysterical
cases, particularly
in
Sensitive-
Localized
and
may
Electrization,"
English Edition,,
72
such
Effects
upon
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
application
an
lara^er flow of blood
a
'- ^
Nu,
trition.
part, With
,
increase
subsequcnt
general improvement
contraction
a
response
Electricityof
u
It
is in
cases
to
it,but
not
immense
any
will,that
then
action
but
agency
the
can
ficial
arti-
an
muscular
there
it
muscular
as
where
to
service,and
If
in addition
imitatingnatural
other
no
that
in
that
only
such
0
tricity.
elec-
is muscular
be
and
continued
for too
minutes
for
So
a
it is often
replaced by
a
of
stream
get
of
possesses
pain.
"
time.
We
constant
of its
One
stimulant
"
have
current
point of
ten
either
that
remarkable
all heard
reputation,and
be
not
to
twenty
of its forms
when
result
is, a
or
interruption
a
in
of such
relieving
benefit
and
neuralgia,
will not
its
sedative, for it
power
of the
break
in
administration
of
we
continuous
appreciablevariation
"in
haustion,
ex-
shocks."
different
effect of the
most
being
effects of electricity
current"that
is
electricity
the
the
to
From
under
very
without
importance;
application should
without
electricity
it, and
flow
a
is of
I say
cient.
applicationis usually suffi-
for the
constant
strength.
a
entire
an
administered
we
employ
in
the
Need
stimulation
of
carried
series of intermittent
But
Con-
be
long a
much
when
in
that
dosage
amount
not
.
medicine.
to
its
cases
certain
a
.
known
remedy
needed, this may
rent.
nutrition.
acts
and
temperature
Stimu-
lant.
The
of
quite impossibleto
way
"
as
in
results,it
gymnast,
in
the
to
"
it is
disappoint us
of
the
worthy
if
we
73
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
administer
it with
last Lecture.
part
or
can
not
five
to
recur.
is essential
much
In
benefit
the
that
"
may
under
case
one
three
or
cells
in
24
of
hours
;
electrodes
intervals of
during
patient was
galvanized with
but
in milder
in the
dissipate a
with
treatment
periods
recorded
resulted
from
49th
Voltaic
under
neuralgia
He
work.f
quotes
Electrization
The
current.
procure
several
cases
fit may
be
quotes
the
suffered
branch
health
a
from
of the
to
I believe
be
to
of
case
for
one
This
allaying Spasm,
should
current
be
generally advisable
to
Dr.
case
an
fifth
The
Athetosis
brought before
is published
was
Gowers,
days
to have
or
and
reader
weeks
even
been
as
cured
will find the
I have
; and
had
fairlycured as an ague
Russell
Reynolds also
by quinine. Dr.
patient, a lady, who for twenty years had
extremely severe
neuralgia of the ophthalmic
which
recurred
nerve,
daily and from which her
a
had
It
greatly suffered.
singleapplication.
and
t "jSTeuralgia
Anstie, M.D., "c.
of
name
in Dr. Anstie's
exhaustively considered
in
which
the effect
cases
extremely severe
arrest
the pain in a few
and
to
sittings,
for several
which
said
very
some
was
remission
a
in
the
of their Transactions.
volume
subject of
by
the
Hammond
by
Medico-Chirurgical Society by
in the
of
of
case
temple
antagonists and to conjoin with the
gymnastic exercises, alternating
approi:)riate
I may
mention
that
the
perfect rest.
only
in
that
remarkable
condition
of
improvement
first described
spasm
the
of
severe
The
two
headache.
useful
it is
and
two
their
energeticallyFaradize
electrical
:
or
from
one
current
each
being applied to
muscles
irritable
cases
weak
A
is often
soothing influence of the current
in
torticollis.
spasmodic
as, for example,
localized
maintained
be
the
suffice.
generally
shall
current
nerve
the
care
will sometimes
"
the
irritable
my
the
the
"
minutes
influence
in the
be
27 times
two
52.)"^
be
applicationsdaily will
or
mj
of
treatment
as
pain.
in
"
but
as
(See foot-note,page
should
electrodes
that
precautionsnoted
the
current
Neuralgia by the constant
Electricityinclude
to
the in Neuralbetween
them
so
applied as
affected
the
number
of cells the highest number
8'^nerve
without
the
be borne
current
to
be distinctly
pain, i.e.,
Time,
being immovable.
painfully felt,both electrodes
minutes.
ten
of pain
Frequency, as often as the attacks
satisfied that in severe
this
I am
rule
of
cases
application
the
In
*
the
the
London
Diseases
;
was
that
Macmillan
not
only
resemble
and
relieved
it."
Co.
but
By
1871.
removed
Francis
E.
74.
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
Electricitv, then, according
Eiectiicity
and
its variety
to
possesses
an
,....,
method
ii.flu-
generis,
d
sedativo
as
.
of administration, is both
although these
but
;
convenient
distinctive
words
and
used
be
may
there
terms,
-"
stimulant
a
is
doubt
no
.
that
it is
influence
of
been
of the
human
the
that
an.
for
Restcra-
lislied.
restorative
its
lost
Dr.
Voltaic
death
will
that
nerve
a
upon
bility
its irritain
even
be
dead
a
estab-
again
this
particularlystudied
has
,
refreshing'
or
for it has
preserve
irritability
may
Poore
current
power,
action
prolonged
length of time, and
a
the
tive pow""
power
YoJtai
of Voltaic
The
city
electri-
of the
state
restorative
after
immediately
natural
body.
remarkable
a
found
nerve
it possesses
dependent,perhaps,upon
quite sui generis,
its modification
enjoys
that
and
something more,
eitect
the
oi
.
-^
Voltaic
rent,
cur-
Current.
Electricity
in Fatigue
in
especially
its
(termed by
him
to
application
writer's
cramp
by
iiiteiise
feelingof fatigueupon
a
beuiff
made
This
ments.
the
-the
to
,
applicationof
stimulus
the
is
application
unusual
and
most
their
to
or
to
will.
often
for the
Be
most
patient
the
as
muscles
it may,
experience
gratefulrelief,and
to
and
to
this
explained by
comforting,and
to
by
either
nerves,
be
this
move-
removed
once
current,
of
susceptibility
in the
of
at
Voltaic
believes
Poore
Dr.
increase
the
affected
muscles
result
feelingis
tired
muscular
certain
execute
attempt
any
.
Diseases,
of
characterized
tyj)e,cliieily
which
ail
of diseases
class
and
fatiguediseases '"),
"
is
a
beg
to
an
the
such
an
it is not
immediate
for its
repeti-
75
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
tion.
this
relief
in
importance
has
been
and
which,
electrotonus, about
of
it is termed,
productionof, as
the
to
condition
attribute
will
electro-therapeutists
Many
its
deal
a
electro-therapeutics,
great
written
and
a
is
Electrotonus
disputed.
Riectrotonus.
.
.
Simply
while
name
a
being traversed
it is
The
current.
effects
If
of
the
lightningflash
greater
at
of the
power
of
influenced
increased
the
in
irritability
either
by
half
the
in
other,
as
the
The
pole.
nearest
to
fications
modi-
specially
is
irritability
the
in the
decreased
(Katelectrotonus),
a
naturally,
we
when
nerve
by
is
electricity
strength,discover
certain
a
of
tension
than
pole
currents
the
rent.
cur-
functional
result,
would
as
nerve
a
of
application,
an
the
oi
artificial Voltaic
an
such
of
nerve
and
;
one
of
negativepole
half
nearest
to
and unchanged
negative pole (Anelectrotonus),
the
point midway
a
of
indifference).The
electrotonic
these
lesser
variations
be
to
I
and
The
advise
you
restorative
frequentlyof
functional
cases,
poles (point
two
production of
of
is
state
the
between
at
is
r,
state
powerful complete
sufficiently
destruction
with
by
depend chieflyupon
course,
",
p,
signifythe
to
given
the
importance.
of anelectrotonus
little
practically of
to
disregard
effect
benefit
of
in
the current
the
them
Yoltaic
sexual
may
general
believe
I
and
lectrotonus
kate-
moment,
peutics.
thera-
in
current
weakness.
be
appliedto
In
the
'G
ELECTEO-THERAPEUTICS.
spine
positivepole
"
well
minutes
painted
Impotence,
decrease
of
of sexual
Six
informed
the
marked
exerted
the
by
its
of
animal
blood
Tumours.
*
tumours
in
are
current, and
are
bably
pro-
powerful
chemical
tissue whatever.
;
action
in
a
action,
dissolve
One
is found
another
:^ and
aneurisms
third
tion
applica-
in the
the
or
lysis
electro-
coagulationof
in
the
removal
which,
chieflyapplicableto tumours
from
their nature
diflicult or
situation, are
or
impossible to be
removed
by the knife ; and, perhaps, also to malignant tumours
;
for whether
the Voltaic
current
exerts
not
a
or
special destructive
influence
diseased
it seems
certainly proved that
upon
germs,
there
is a less frequent return
of cancerous
growths removed
by
its agency
than
by ordinary operativeprocedures or by caustics.
This treatment
is yet siih
of malignant tumours
by electrolysis
but the evidence
has recently much
in its favour
lated,
accumujiidice,
observers
its full and
exhaustive
trial by competent
and
possessing the opportunitiesof large hospital practice ought not
is its
be much
to
York, who
longer delayed. ISTeftel,of New
chief
Electrolysisis, of
effects
great strength will
of this chemical
of
the
of
restoration
resolvent
or
Voltaic
to
of
current
a
destroy any
lysis
gradual
resulted, the patient
complete
absorbent
chieflydue
Electro-
for
ending in completeimpotence.
treatment
in
gentleman,
a
me
This
bed.
to
of
case
ten
function.
Very
for
the
tive
nega-
daily for
going
consulted
power,
weeks'
me,
normal
also
who
age,
region ;
twice
and
adopted in
was
fiftyyears
lumbar
over
getting up
upon
treatment
mid-dorsal
to
advocate,
entirely
the
contends
local, and
knife,
from
course,
the
he
that
explains
fact of
malignant
their
the
being excised, as
show
microscopically examined
diseased
mass
tumours
recurrence,
impossibility
are
after
of
the
first
at
removal
whole
by
of the
apparently healthy parts when
that
already become
they have
77
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
and
absorptionof gouty
or
Bheumatic
Gout,
successful
infected.
but
result
also
on
and
mild
daily
to the
locus
cases
were
inserted
"was
repeated
several
continues
needles, from
for half
thrice
intervals
at
The
in which
case,
the
reappeared, and
pronounced cancerous.
Sims,
and
it
with
respectively,and
size of
year
had
tumour
been
Marion
by
same
surgeon,
and
then
was
four
needles
from
ten
by degrees grew less,and in three
thirty cells. The tumour
the patient died from
was
entirelydispersed; while, when
disease
three
years
Electrolysishas
Where
aneurism.
is
hardly
them
;
afterwards,
but
be thus
be
introduced
for
pass
in
collodion
than
doubt
an
aneurism
actually perforated them,
and
that
"where
it is
large
sac,
to
punctures
calculated
of aneurism
kinds
hour
of Aneuris-
cases
application,it
should
be
for
each
the
given
with
pole,
"al
to
of
a
needles
bit of
electro-puncture,but
on
best
where
it.
the
sac
is
of
as
there
parietes,but
adapted for this
the
to
carefully
lint
divided
are
should
allowed
current
the
Authorities
is the
issue from
and
hour,
an
pressing
contra-indicated
trunks
several
of
with
covered
styptic colloid.
or
such
connected
aneurismal
an
their
and
withdrawn,
too
the
half
another
called
carefully considered, and, when
fine, sharp, and
long delayed. Two
needles, one
into
from
months
risms,
especiallyaortic aneuthe
cases
question
and
in
to
recurrence.
in
preference
aneurisms,
be
be
not
carefullyinsulated
the
treated, and
electro-punctureshould
for, it should
that
say
internal
many
cannot
no
ligature admit
and
pressure
to
been
successfully employed
been
necessary
had
there
for
relapse.
no
excised
increased
gradually
current
tion
galvaniza-
continued
occasions, by two, three, and
a
small
smaller, and
was
had
been
a
cells,
thirty-five
the operation
became
there
In
Electro-
lysisof
Malignant
and
again removed
by the
It again reappeared
was
three
electrolyzed,upon
of
hour
an
months.
the
treatment
a
half
some
of
gradually
of
tlie tumour
on
week, daily external
a
external
the end
At
of
galvani-
to
quarter
a
chloroform,
tumour
very
being diffiised to
lie ajDpliesa
electrolysis
negative pole
under
Rheumatic-
current
existed
the
hour
an
only
this for
tumour
mammary
months.
another
In
morhi, and
disappeared, but
last
not
After
for from
also used.
being
acts
current
a
Three
orange.
at
lie considers
all directions.
painful
not
of his
one
in
a
of localized
use
surrounding tissues, tlie
distance
some
tlie
from
deposits.In
lias recorded
Poore
Dr.
Electrolysis
the
rheumatic
not
soaked
to
is
the
no
having
treatment,
large size,or
Elec-
"'P^'''''"
78
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
zation.
but
The
the
disease
severityof
excepting
towards
occurred.
The
and
the
pain
be
swollen,
their
stift* pale,and
limb
hand.
After
the
hand, although
The
held
of the
and
limb,
especially
with
in
entire
the
the
tive
nega-
patient/s
applicationthe
in about
had
still stiff,
muscles
obscure
extended,
nutrition
whole
and
could
fingerswere
fingers were
the third
rapidly subsided,
aspect.
and
thoroughly sponged
was
and
completelyto
as
pole,the positivebeing
other
exacerbations
pronated
hand
the
The
impaired.
hand,
so
cold, and
diminished,
when
hand
the
while
anatomy,
much
months,
considerably swollen,
was
supinated,and
immensely
had
evening,
wrist
for three
existed
the
absolutelystiff,
not
the
had
a
fortnightthe
resumed
then
were
ing
swell-
its natural
faradized
and
shampooed.
Kheumatic
arthritis
with
best
nodosities
is
Yoltaic
current
Rheumatic
Arthritis.
treated
the
by passing
patient will
joint
for
Muscular
Ilheuma
tism.
The
a
through
to
the
minutes,
each
of the
paius
invariably
of
muscular
removed
faradization, and
appear
all other
of the
commutator
or
so
marvellous.
treatment,
resulted, and
sufferers
In
the
an
in
many
that
had
instantaneous
whose
the
move-
almost
are
mitigated by
cases
of
poles.
rheumatism
rapidly as
as
swollen
direction
being frequently changed by
current
-ment
submit
few
a
strong
as
pain has
cutaneous
cases
to
resisted
has
cure
for
a
long
80
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
the
sufficiently
powerful one
if struck,
All,
General
a
blow.
some
of
by
or
such
applications,
the
Baths,
benefit
where
and
in
and
gouty
cases)than
rheumatic
or
There
Paralysis.
not
relieve
functional
severe
when
few
body
almost
say
under
the
time
some
of
or
electrization
successful
treatment.
central
may
two
be
or
slight pressure
may
power
Faradizations
necessity be
the
at
form
most
paralysisfrom
uncommon,
y.
their
may
classed
which
some
that
the
from
I
disorders
progress
localized
it will not
unfrequently
powerlessto cure
Cases
of
the most
distressingsymptoms.
Where
by
few, I think
to
city,
electri-
established.
been
yet
many
essential
gant
ele-
an
statement
eliminated
in
pai-alysis.
of
of their
is not
not
very
of the
heading
-
has
are
one,
other
be
poisons can
its agency
by
is
administering
of
applicationsof electricity.The
metallic
nervous
generally beneficial (except in
it is less
but
certain
mode
pleasant
the
of
electric bath
The
sional
occa-
general debility,
stimulation
is indicated.
centres
of
and
of
Charge, are
conditions
general
ralized
gene-
Faradaic
common
Badcliffe's
or
as
generalized
Rockwell's
and
electrization, the
Yoltaic
less
or
more
Beard
as
down
patient falls
;
in
peripherallesion
slow.
most
divisions
Such
cases,
paralysisfrom
must
progress
regarded
conveniently considered
of
restored
usually be
but
atrophic and
not
are
non
of
cally,
electriunder
-atrophic
'
81
ELECTRO-TIIERAPEUTICS.
there
will be found
normal
but
It
this is
localization
of
is
is in these
and
deformed,
the
I'eview
us
lysesof
children
symptoms
where
are
there
is
that
;
often
than
colder
and
the
the
the
a
the
of
are
essential
of
case
of tlie para,-
common
form
in which
premonitory
but
or
slight,and
few
days, the
final
cases
its muscles
treatment,
about
there
of which
to
be
result, if untreated,
of club-foot
brought
its
is found
limb
disappearanceof some
production of deformity. In
and
paralysis,
judicious
a
illustration,
infantile
an
most
absent,
powerless,or
entire
largernumber
distortions
As
of
the sufferer
save
a
limb.
its fellow, and
rapidly wasting;
being
disease.
rigidity.Very shortlyafter
no
onset, usuallywithin
to be
the
degenerationand
tissue,and its early
seldom
progress
the
paralysis,
infantile
it is
the
life with
for
wasting
tration
earlyadminis-
its
muscular
will not
visible,
varieties
some
that
is
the
will arrest
cases
the
left
being
withered
let
which
judicioususe
wasting
in
muscle,
of loss of
cases
electricityin
for, before
disappearanceof
from
muscular
latter
is called
and
nerve
not, in all
or
and
imperative,
only treatment
and
so
any
muscles
of
Atrophic
of the
modification
or
reaction
in which
power,
the
abolition
electrical
whether
the
great majorityof atrophiccases
the
paralysis.In
is
and
of them
fact, the
analogous
fantile
by neglected inthat by
doubt
no
earlyelectrization
foundation, the majorityof them
might
G
is
have
82
ELECTRO-THEHAPEUTICS.
been
Infantile
fullyalive
are
they
as
leadingortliopsedic
surgeons
this fact,but
to
rarelyconsulted
are
The
resulted.
has
Import-
The
prevented.
they are
powerless,
until all the
mischief
ea.rlyrecognitionand
appro
-
of
ance
pi
.
early
pnato
Treat-
the
treatment
hauds
decide
at
of the
without
attention
serious
any
As
is summoned
the
because
lame
he
"
this
responds,and
produce muscular
muscles
have
it may
be
;
of
interrupted
ings
and
of
and
but
he
is
muscles
symptoms
should
trize
elec-
to which
current
sufficient
the
If
it wilJ
to
powerless
with
They
current.
this current
alone.
should
the
also
temperature
be maintained
to
the
should
be
response
great importance that
should
invariablybe
almost
is increased
Voltaic
treatment
muscles
child
the
strengthjust
a
shampooings
it is of
that
contraction.
abolished, there
then
the
is diminished
Farado-contractility
that while
-
treated
frequentlyonly
head
are
tendant
at-
preservedtheir Farado-contractility
confidentlypredicted that they will
rapidlyrecover
or
medical
that
seldom,
dailywith
muscle
the
restorative
at
the
this is
noticed
is very
as
deformity compels
as
there
unless
must
continue,
carefullyexamine
it
found
and
"
should
present, and
each
soon
parents have
and
electrically,
he
in
commonly
attempts
commencing
them.
to
contmue
to
are
unfortunatelytoo
until
treatment
must
cases
they
not
or
is
these
and
familypractitioner,
v^hether
present
case,
oi
at
Hot
be
employed,
in the
of
as
spong-
intervals
the
high
affected
a
degree
83
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
as
the
possible.If
pure
leg is affected,a stockingof infantile
silk should be constantly
day and
worn,
addition to the ordinaryclothing
; if the
spun
night,in
arm,
a
silken sleeve.
When
in any
form
of
any
paralysis
of import-
amount
active
voluntarypower has been restored by electricity,
and
it is most
important that the patientshould be moJe^^
encouraged to use the limb and practisevarious paraiysT
Passive
movements.
the
and
frequentlyexercised
movements
of their normal
if the
extensors
of the hand
the
hand
and
and
extended
few
seconds, for
the
paralyzedmuscles
there
is return
should
and
be
passively
intervals
of
on
with
As
soon
so
in succession.
be alone
fullest
example,
fingersare paralyzed,
fingersshould
at
completely,
of reaction
the
be
For
movements.
minutes, and
some
portance,
equal imshould
paralyzed muscles
by this mode to
extent
flexed
of
are
a
all
as
dization
Faradization, Fara-
to
used, and
the rule
in
all ^^^^
f^r
Muscular
of localized muscular
cases
muscular
electrization,
Eiectrization.
which
any
severe
T
.
T
contraction
the muscles
exceptionto
cases
but
.
being sought, is
of
this rule
;
atrophic
"
that
use
respond,and
all varieties
brought about
to
/
do
to
current
not
knoio
of
successful result in
but
a
not
alone
infantile
lysis,
para-
atrophicparalysis is
teresting
tedious, uninby painstaking,
daily,
treatment, with
of
no
"
chance
of brilliant
or
rapid results,but which if thoroughly,
faithfully,
and patientlycarried out, will reward
us
by progressive
improvement, and
sometimes
"
in
even
G
2
84
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
regarded
cases
long
not
quitehopeless
as
ago
"
completerecovery.
Tlicro
"Rigidform
tile Para^
^
*
certain
are
where
children
form
of any
the
adhesions
exudations
or
Voltaic
of the
sympathetic;
Voltaic
that
and
is
Paralysis.
a
nerve
battery being applied for
four
the
on
both
shampooing
there
indicate
to
lesion
in
brain,
absorption.
as
by section
the
infantile
of
ment
treat-
paralysis
Mitchell, of
electrical treatment
a
the
fortnightof
does, perhaps,the
one
"
no
tion
dilata-
a
to
specialcircumstances
Lead
palsy requiressimilar
facial nerve.
is
seems
of the
are
"
there
auriculo-
experienceof militarysurgery
within
peripheralpalsy
the
base
promote
recommended
it.
; so
the
There
sides.
of the
unrivalled,commences
unless
of
applicationcauses
an
whose
Philadelphia,
is
bottom
assiduously employed.
be
ganglia
conductors, leather,
is atrophic,
and
paralysis
I have
should
their
the
of traumatic
the
"
medulla
in connection
blood-vessels
cases
upon
with
likelytherefore
In all
Traumatic
the
small
two
to
such,
of the
is
depend
superiorcervical
well-moistened
maxillary fossse
doubt
cases
into
in the
live minutes
or
rigid.Localization
possiblybe promoted by localizing
current
tippedand
poles of a
paralysisaffecting
are
if these
but
;
absorptionmay
a
muscles
of
in these rigidmuscles
electricity
of
useless
quite
forms
facial
In
caution
commonest
palsy
from
the
electrizing
necessary
"
and
wound,
contrament
treat-
form
of
neuritis
of
facial muscles
especiallyto
ob-
85
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
the rule of
serve
for
have
I
the
electrizing
several
resultingfrom
the
Such
facial
with
group
which
contraction
a
in
by localizing
Voltaic
in the
long time,
of their
has
been
that
In
about
be
eight or
"
the
by
is in
hope
one
our
muscles
of the
is
altogether
Faradization
of
galvanization-
spinalcord, admit
the
be
propriety of
a
type
the
"
pathetic
sym-
of trial.
which
"
as
to
E-adcliffe's Positive
non-atrophicparalysis of
taken
hemiplegiaHemi-
the proper
moment
especially
requires careful consideration.
application,
elec-
trization,and
for
its
In
both
hrahi
electrization
after
the
and
is
spinal
attack,
or
signs of impairment
long as
there is
cord
advisable
not
until
the
muscular
disease
until
of nutrition
muscles
from
time
some
exhibit
disuse.
with
rigidity especially
"
Wasting
a forlorn
invariably
Localized
electricity.
or
imprints
features,and which
not
"
Charge,togetherwith
may
the
a
"
with
muscles, alternately
In
sion
expres-
Gymnast of the Soul."
distressingdisease, Cruveilhier's
most
useless, and
stant
con-
generallypersistfor
non-recovery
the
a
cells ; but
ten
atrophy or wasting palsy,medication
one
removed
unnatural
an
of
action.
five minutes
face its characteristic
called
ofSuscfes.'
neglect
perfect"tone,"that qualitywhich
each
upon
correlative
will
the
from
it is in
cases
countenance
the
to
from
favourable
most
of
it for
fnEiectdz-
contraction
a
sometimes
Caution
"
muscle,
may
current
with
met
equally
energetic Faradization
too
a
individual
some
times
muscles
As
increased
^ ^^^^'
86
Hemi-
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
reflex
plegia.
action
...
Til
tricityIS
but
older
cases
of
cases
duration
the
"
both
"
from
elec-
applicationof
good,
and
do
may
harm
hemiplegicand
six
immediate
localized
from
do
likelyto
not
in
"
stimulant
any
"
plegic
para-
eighteen months'
to
benefit
electrization
;
be
to
is often
derived
remarkable,
where, after a partial
especiallyin those cases
the patient suddenly
of voluntary movement,
return
makes
no
the
the
As
progress.
with
patient,able
stick.
Some
obtained, and
fails to
months
six
this
as
-cases
to
we
see
a
at
Nestor
to
the
preserve
in
a
peradventure
volition
walk
self
himthe
usuallysoon
electrization
improvement
new
"
these
in
the
muscles
but
;
part
of health
by
part
of the
and
of the
is wise
Faradism.
of
the
late
Watson
"
locomotive
readiness, until
brain
proceedshaving recovered
be
old-standing
words
in the
muscular
or
"
medicine. Sir Thomas
state
that
plegic
para-
by
signs of impairednutrition, it
of modern
apparatus
the
electrization
renewed
whenever
endeavour
should
regain
subsequent period
a
a
"
stimulate
occasionally
We
"
to
it may,
is
continued
it ; but
rise
to
improvement
afterwards
give
may
arm
for,perhaps,two
progressive
it is
increase
himself, may
enabled
months, after which
three
the
use
to
drag
difficulty
along by cratches, is
a
to
tion,
electriza-
of
infinite comfort, and
his
months
or
sequel
feed
to
not
to
power,
aid of
weeks
hemiplegicpatientable
but
slightly,
this
for
short, and
stops
from
which
its functions,
or
88
ELECTRO-THEEAPEUTICS.
have
we
positive pole
from
ten
suppose
The
circumscribed.
for
about
fifteen
to
five
body
Paraplegia,any
rate
the
is
"
later
muscles
electro
present,
Tarapiegic brusli will oftcn
of
the
abdominal
dribblingof urine,
pubes, and
to
the
two
treated.
Emo-
from
the
other
which
pole
second
to
in children
brush,
external
perineum.
be
similarly
emotional
by
one
"
the
may
the
to
pole
the
para-
tion
applica-
also sometimes
acts
removing anaesthesia,which,
in
central
origin,continues
after the
cause.
Anaesthesia
brush
removal
of
after
a
nerve
of its
is sometimes
repair of
is also
useful
the
in
nerve
from
persistentin
lesion.
sometimes
The
this
wire
removins^ the
"
r
^taxy.
wire
although originallyof
way
Loco-
wire
thesia
anaes-
troublesome
one
"
of
charm
a
section
moti
the
hystericalor
frequentlybe benefited
of the
the
the
present, by
bladder
the
of urine
Cases
Paraiysis. Ijsismay
like
the
and
Incontinence
often
so
sponges
sacrum
where
and
muscles, and
of
with
sponged
;
lyzed
para-
Paraplegicconstirelieved by Faradization
frequentlybe
Faradization
the
of service.
'
pation may
be
there
as
good paintingwith
a
be
soon
in
-irritability
Faradized
or
part of
absorption. At
relieve the pain. In
should
they
current,
is
tion.^
indifferent
an
the
"
promote
sometimes
of
with
and
painfulspot
as
stages of paraplegia,
is diminution
Voltaic
to
likely to
it will
the
minutes,
the
cells,to
negativepole being held
Electricitythe
that
myelitisis
daily application of the
to
reason
anaesthesia' present in locomotor
ataxy, some
cases
89
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
of which
constant
to
current
the
neck, and
largelybenefited also by the
the spine one
poleto nape of
be
may
"
other
into
Electricityis coming
diseases.
irritation with
the
suitable
most
and
Faradism,
for
vertebrae.*
lumbar
to the lower
accompanied by depression
cases
torpor,the stimulatingeffects being
in
while
the patient,
inspiriting
current
the
to
brain
over-excitement
*
The
of treatment
at the
Voltaic
constant
in
of
cases
sedative.
Sturge'sReport of
Hospital for the Paralyzed
from
extract
an
of service
ence
soothinginflu-
employed
requiringa
followingis
results
be
may
the
the
of
application
direct
a
Mental
be
to
seem
or
of
Eiectri-
especiallycutaneous
brush, would
wire
mental
in
use
National
Dr.
the
and
Epileptic
:
"
In the division
"
occurred, and
in all of these
electrical treatment
"A
of
herself
atrophy of
standing, which
her
cutting
discharged at the end
dress herself,
sew, and
or
Another
food,
almost
all
able
dress
the
hands,
feed
of
and
who
months,
any
the
to
a
and
feed
to
duty.
month's
perform
was
of the forearm
muscles
out, after
herself,and
work,
similaidyincapacitated
was
went
able
domestic
arms
dressing
household
much
half
a
both
from
from
treatment,
actions
many
of
that
before
were
"
A
various
he
of the
and
doing
perform almost
atrophy of
years' standing, and
muscles
incapacitatedher
with
woman,
use
of the
some
or
of three
several
to
to
prescribed.
patient,with
six months'
"
the
have
strikingcases
is mainly due
Atrophies some
improvement
of Muscular
impossiblefor her.
to the hospitalwith
man
came
atrophy
parts of the body, more
especiallyin
unable
was
well
arm
to
his
over
move
from
the
side.
and
with
much
head,
He
of many
the
went
muscles
which
left arm,
able to lift his
out
increased
in
in
strength
the
limb.
"Another
benefited
arm
a
at
hammer
man,
; and
the
in
whereas
a
very
on
admission
elbow, after three
with
the
arm."
similar
months'
condition,
he could
treatment
also
was
barely
he
bend
was
greatly
right
the
able
to
use
90
ELECTRO-TnERAPEUTICS.
It
Diseases
been
is remarkable
that
little used
in this
so
Electricitytrue
..
all of its forms
may,
the
that
emmeuagogue
and
secretions,
of
cases
of
the
applicationwill
with
may
often
her feet in
immersed
the
other
Time,
should
in
held
most
On
the
tionover
other
Jabour
large
sponge
the
lumbar
she
The
will
tion
applica-
the
three
catamenial
or
period.
tion
electriza-
Franklinization
but
has
electricity
been
of inertia
treatment
its
the
in
;
resuscitation
in uterine
children, and
^"^^
EiStriza-
tion
induc-
an
object,direct
to ;
is
largely
uteri
the
in
stage of labour, also in producing premature
labour
TheAdvau-
its
torpid
in which
as
dailyfor
usual
resorted
Continent
employed in
second
much
as
a
succeeds.
often
the
applied to
twice
fails in
be
a
in
generalized
patient sit
polesof
fifteen minutes.
to
four.days preceding the
must
the
water,
of the
current
made
If this method
and
it
as
success
from
A
Let
this
only
stimulating
with
organs.
action, while
poleis
ten
be
catamenia
one
region. Strengthof
bear.
the
suffice.
from
instrument
from
employed
tepid salt
wire
a
in
be
uterine
is the
Be
possess.
serviceable
suppressionof
condition
we
are
have
country in the diseases of
Accordingto Golding Bird, it
women.
menagogue.
should
electricity
remedies
for
advantaares
of
still-born
displacements.
posin
conditions, but
these
over
"We
the
administration
*="
Ergot.
of
ergot,include
the
action,the exactness
regulated,and
the
rapidityand
with
which
certaintyof
its dose
can
of
strengthand. regularity
its
be
the
9 1
ELECTKO-THERAPEUTICS
contractions
which
being used
it
.
in extreme
way
ergot is
as
"
injuriouseffect
any
Gentlemen, it is
instrument
would
localized
the
in
limited
a
liable
especially
application are
the
Assume
an
he fears
every
he has
but
him
waste
hand
into
his left the
the
an
have
an
no
the
with
extreme
example
the
of
care.
partum
post-
severe
ordinary resources
be his
at
sponge
at
uterus
attached
instrument
that
patient'slast,
hand.
in
Let
his
introduce
once
the
and
right
well-moistened
it were,
the
the
other
to
of
one
action.
pole (which should
sponge)thoroughlypaint
abdominal
in
grasp
attendant, holding by its insulatinghandle
from
of
details
may
cavityof
of the
the
instrument
time, but
tissue,is
obstetrician,and
induction
moistened
conductors
conductor
as
moment
its
from
the
failed
Hremor-
even
withdrawn
unless
an
Post-
in localizing
failure
muscular
thick
haemorrhage,that
of medicine
but
persists,
organ,
conducted
to be
case
Faradiza-
thoroughly
always produce
life
occur,
Faradaic
a
post-partum
current,
will
with
to
from
death, but
after
covered
child.
^
Faradaic
in
electricity
sight and
"
properlyused, there
and
only while
time
occasionally
new-born
death
uterus,
contractioD,not
for
hand,
exerts
never
firm belief that if
my
The
hsemorrhage.
it
do
to
the
another
be
never
said
upon
at
were
while
of
everything is
where
swallowinghas been lost,or
rejectedfrom the stomach,
in any
the power
in which
cases
of
also
It admits
produces.
with
Let
the
be
a
it,
parietes,
pressingit with
^^^'
9 2
ELECTRO-
considerable
and
force
afterwards
Contraction
In
uterine
it
the uterus
the
to
lumbar
region.
will
result if the
invariably
of sufficient
power.
he
hands
own
my
hand,
againstthe practitioner's
apply
of
used
current
THERAPEUTICS.
intractable
an
of uterine
case
_
neuralgia was
current
sterility,
perfectlycured
and
;
which
sterility
the
Faradaic
currents
removed.
One
and
two
menstrual
localization
conductor
from
each
thrice
period,and
married
birth
gave
Xhc
Paralysis
her
to
have
the
os,
to
the
one
each
four months.
patient,who
years,
in
had
due
course
first child.
stimulaut
effccts of
occasion
electricityare
-
"^
Special
allybeneficial
of
nerves
in the
in
'
further
of
its
has
use
diseases
the
and
o]Dtic
advocated
been
which
to
the
shall not
I
prehension
by saying that a clear comof electro-therapeutics
principles
in any
of difficulty
occurrence
refer, than
of the
will
paralysisof
of
especially
while
multitude
a
of
treatment
specialsense,
auditory nerves,
the
prevent
specialapplicationof them ; and
the most
important of
recapitulate
Resume
to
applicationswere
of Nerves
of
and
"
the
and
thirteen
for
Voltaic
seem
periodof
a
of
case
fortnightbefore
a
for
a
pole
The
for
Yoltaic
appliedto
second
ovary.
Conception followedj
been
of the
was
the
week
a
of
knowledge
would
alternately
sponges
position of
made
have
I
the
by
let
these
us
shortly
principles.
of
,
general
We
of Electro-
scdative,
a
stimulant
propertiesare
peutics.
havc
sccu
that
,
.
.
.
is
electricity
restorative, and
an
of
chiefly
.
a
absorbent.
use
,
stimulant,
a
Its
in diseases
93
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
of
sedative
and notably in paralysis its
debility,
"
in the alleviation
properties
^
removal
and
of
pain
^
and
spasm,
^
cramp
and
"
its absorbent
diseases,and
The
dose
two
factors
whether
of
Voltaic
overdose
this if
Faradaic
or
us
of the
addition
not
to
little
are
cardinal
two
will
how
consider
far
medical
who
practitioner
sanction
its administration
there
While
is
it
do not
do
hkely to
rules
to
"
use
results
tion
applica-
dosage
advisable
"
forces
for
the
to
prescribeselectricity
by
is
the
doubt
no
will often
explicitdirections
of
tion.
dura-
we
unduly prolong our
"
s
current,
produce the
reallythis question of
and
the
secondly,its
;
we
which
power
desire,and
to
to the
adhere
minimum
:
rheumatism.
importancethat
patient,but
our
we
and
the strength of
firstly,
"
thera-
exudation
propertiesin
notably in gout
consists
electricity
It is of essential
we
ofElectro-
its restora-
"
be
selves.
patientsthemthat
the
most
misunderstood,
fail in
carried out, yet it would
being correctly
practicallyimpossible(to say nothing of
or
be
the
to
the
himself
to
patient)for any medical man
apply electricity
daily for a lengthened
period;
and
we
expense
do
our
best
in
patienthow
her
do this
are
some
instructing
to
a
sharplyafter
compelled,in
carry
out
the
times
Iter
afterwards^and
our
cases,
presence,
fullyas
in
and
to
of the
attendant
treatment,
few
everything as
in
one
certain
making
looking
addition
possibleto
of
principles
_
_
propertiesni fatiguediseases,notably writer
tive
the
-L^
notably in neuralgia
and
Resume
plaining
ex-
the
94
Resume
of
general
principles
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS.
patient,
the
or
friends.
patient's
Moreover,
we
^
must
not
lose
sioiit
With
othor
of
the
fact
that, with
elec-
of Electro.
thera-
.
tricitj
as
physician is
in what
and
in
dose
In
be
these
to
failed
doing
that
its
claim
in
be
in
in the
Gentlemen,
shall
by
general
verdict
with
or
the
of
founded
experience.
hope
rests
you
shall
dictum
voice
as
I
future, but
not
of
the
portance
im-
in
not
the
of
the
to
as
;
in
in supplying
details
its
efficacyia
distant
will
its
daily
your
use
m
future.
whether
decision
You
be.
any
a
as
resources
regarding
belief
I
to, not
profession,its frequent
our
but
in proving
especially
theoretical
widespread
I have-
subject;
employment
fully employed
more
A
fear that
doubt
information
and
listened
indicatingthe
any
its
thank
to
have
ordinary
more
ment
judg-
others.
supplement
a
removing
application
;
to
in
the
when
his
me
their
succeeded
of
want
of
its administration
you
I
justice to
callingfor
cases
practice.
not
allow
Lectures.
for, the
any
this
to
which
as
electricity,
therapeutics :
of
full
I have
substitute
yet
committed
with
attention
of
of
it, and
in which
cases
wisely
imperfect
in
trust
class
administer
to
skill
determining how,
conclusion, Gentlemen,
for the
you
in
those
selecting
may
a
shown
the
remedies,
decide
but
specialist,
by
it
the
profession, declaring your
alone
on
your
own
personal
INDEX.
96
in
Electrization
Post
Haemorrhage,
in
partum
-
Positive
91
Paralysis,Traumatic,
in Conditions
of
in Sciatica, 68
Organs,
Modes
55
influence
an
sui
of
70
Generating, 7,15
Spinal Cord, 57
of
Sympathetic,
the
22
Electricity,
63
Yoltao, 63
56
Electro, Diminished, 64
Machine,
Machine
wheel,
Earado,
55
Static
to
Irritability,
Electro,62
57
of
of Uterus,
aid
a.n
of, 74
Power
of Eetina,
as
of
Dosage
54
Eestorative
Yoltaism
see
Galvanometer
precautionsin, 59
Rectum,
Galvanism,
Galvanization, Central,44
generis,74
Static
tiveness,
Sensi-
Muscles, 57
possesses
Electrical
Excessive
in Tremor,
Genital
of Ocular
of
Localized
70
55
Larynx,
of Male
in
Organs, 57
Organs, 54
of Internal
of
in Eacial
55
of Central
of
Debility,71
Aphonia, 69
Neuralgia, 68
Spasm, 68
in Eacial
56
Brain,
Negative
in Emotional
Auditory ISTerve,57
of Bladder,
and
tween
be-
Charge of, 70
84
Localized, 44
in Wasting
Palsy, 85
of
Distinction
Eranklinization,
Electro, Increased, 65
7, 10
with
Voltao, Increased, 65
Ely-
12
Winter's, Machine,
8
76
Electrolysisof Tumours,
in Aneurisms,
Paralysis, Importance
Electrical
Rigid
77
of
Treatment
Eorms
Early
in, 82
of, 84
for, 58
Needles
Electiotonus,
75
Eheophores,
Different
Kinds
of,47
Engine, Gas, BischofE's,9
Yoltaic
Earadism,
28
Earadization,
Eranklinism,
Cells,18
Current,
General,
43
6
Yoltaism,
Eranklinization, 68
by Sparks,
Resolvent
of,
and
]7
Faradism, Points
16
between,
fRINTED
Effects
76
BY
BALLANTYNE,
LONDON
AND
HANSON
EDINBURGH
AND
CO,
18
of Distinction
AUTHOR.
SAME
THE
BY
PUBLICATION.
FOR
PREPARING
MANUAL
A
OF
NERVOUS
THE
OE
DISEASES
SYSTEM.
past few
Within
the
Nervous
System
it possesses
study, and
Hospitals,and
a
endeavour
to
students
to
give
completely
to
impart
as
analysisof
of
diseases
attention
omit
and
which
made
view
to
the
the
"
of
results
this
the
best
Nervous
System
importance
of
to
the
our
govern
; and
to
to
practice
make
of the
to
have
own
give an
He
work
especial
hopes
a
:
J.
"
A.
to
safe
specialityupon
it will treat.
LONDON
;
treatment
direct
the
his
many
their
possible;
early diagnosis.
nothing really essential, and
trustworthy guide
to
the
by
of medicine
acceptable
un-
will be
Foreign, who
as
ought
feels
be
not
may
work
English and
department
small
a
knowledge,
present
our
juniorpractitioners.It
principleswhich
of
practice Special
neuro-pathology
to
and
the
of
practicalinformation
much
the
field of
its
lightupon
of
scious
Author, although fullycon-
the
"distinguished
physicians,both
so
flood
a
rapidlyextending literature.
and
introduction
concise
cast
of presenting,within
difficulty
extreme
adequate
an
in
recognised speciality
a
separate
a
circumstances
of the
that
as
"
of the
investigations,
physiological,
Recent
voluminous
a
these
compass,
into
up
Diseases
of
treatment
have
pathological,
clinical,and
Under
grown
Profession.
Medical
the
has
the
years
CHURCHILL.
h
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92 Illustrations,and
Part
and
Additions
Notes
the Translator,
by
LOCALIZED
ON
TREATISE
A
BY
EDITED
AND
TEAKSLATED
ELECTRIZATION,
AND
PATHOLOGY
TO
APPLICATIONS
ITS
AND
THERAPEUTICS.
G.
Dr.
By
DUCHENNE
B.
(de Boulogne).
CONTSNTS.
T,
Chap.
Electricity.
Medical
"
Properties of Static, Galvanic, and
Chap.
IT.
in tlie Local
Procedure
(Galvanization)
Chap.
III.
Methods
of
Principles and Methods
city
Electriof
Galvanic
Electricity: (a)
Application
(d) oi Imiuced
Electricity(Faradization).
of
Historical
"
Action
Critical
and
Electrization
of
Reflex
of
;
Observations
of
Localized
Principal
by
the
upon
(/;) Electrization
(a) Electro-puncture ;
:
[c) Therapeutic Value
;
Therapeutic
The
Electrization.
Localized
"
Physiological and
Electricity.
The
Induced
Faradization
and
;
(d)
Galvanization.
Chap.
IV.
Electro-Medical
"
The
Part
First
AND
IS
admirable
The
selection
of
is devoted
METHODOLOGY,
to
Duchenne's
from
Clinical
byDr.Joore
renders
Society)
unnecessary
any
extenso
of Duchenne's
has
Works,
further
treatise.
voluminous
most
complete on
place as the most
presenting us with an Enghsh
the gratitude of the proearned
fession
for years held its
Dr. Tibbits, by
it treats, and
forthcoming
the
tion
Applica-
their
ITSELF.
Sydenham
great work
regard to
Therapeutics.
work
IN
subject of which
version
Duchenne's
the New
Duchenne's
"
of
COMPLETE
(publisl'ied
by
publication in
the
Instruments, with
Pathology, Physiology, and
in
Third
has
Edition,
in this country.
".
.
.
The
reader
the
medical
will find
applying it, that
powerful and often
of
reads
and
while
employment
the
work
valuable
with
almost
congratulate him upon
utility.""T^/^e Lancet.
We
have
to
instalment
as
to
we
see
Foreign
mueh
as
having
congratulate
promises
that
incorporated into Duchenne's
accurate
The
agent
make
this
Edition
spiritof the
little in
the
an
Medico-Chirurgical
to
his
far
treatise
either
open
Review.
the
and
accomplished
results
found
as
in
notes
the
with
much
so
to
in
cavil
the
or
of
itself is very
Electrical
We
additions.
tion,
composiof
and
judgment
of
will
far.
be-
adequacy
tentative
"
much
thus
spirit of his follower,
correction."
the
happy
are
undertaking
this
able,
credit-
Room
The
standard
its kin
methods
use
original English
an
principles
all the
labours
his successful
upon
work
of the best subsequent
independent
has
of
translator
Tibbits
the
own
master
work
so
Dr.
translation
smoothness
the
to
"
can
in the
so
of
experience of the
Hospital gives great value
National
This
thoroughly instructed
well as in
as
electricity,
hardly fail largely to increase
himself
.
underlying
British
and
and
and
Second
Edition, Revised
A
and
Enlarged, with
95 Illustrations^
9J.
HANDBOOK
MEDICAL
"
By
SURGICAL
HERBERT
ELECTRICITY
TIBBITS,
Etc.
M.D.,
CONTENTS.
"CHAP.
CHAP.
I.
Electricityand
"
Electro-Medical
IV."
Instruments
II.
1 11
V.
The
Application of Electricity.
aid to Diagnosis.
as
an
Electricity
"
"
.
work
literature
fills up
of
a
(to
teach
preface)
the
words
the
use
Medical
of
this
without
effect
he
practitioner
of
amount
The
"
how
to
which
good
quite unable
previously
was
dispel
should
busiest
learn
difficulty,
large
a
attempt."
to
book
the
can,
busy practitioner
not
to use
electricity,but
only when
in explicit and
full detail how
;' and
contain
bulk
in
to
moderate
only
the
Women.
Press.
them
the
'
Electricityin Midwifery and
"
treatment,
It
electricity.
medical
to
purposes
of the
in
hiatus
Electricityin Surgery.
Diseases
the
Opinions of
This
'
'
VI.
Medicine.
Electricityin
;
"
even
Practitioner.
'
"what
it is essential
Tibbits'
object has
results
end
of
he
the
been
Dr.
the
and
Room
the
of
freely of
himself
"
be,
The
work
and
is
is
handbook
a
of the work.
sense
in
the
Epileptic,as
in the
and
volume
lysed
th.e Parawell as through
for
details
best
how
to
say
this
thoroughly to the author's
throughout
description : that he has
to
endeavoured
keep constantly in
ansvi^ers
Journal
Diiblin
bound
are
to
out."
fairlycarried
is
plicit
ex-
limits,
convenient
within
object
and
giving full
at
we
electricity,
use
The
"
notice, which
under
principally
aims
book, indeed,
The
of
Superintendent
Hospital
to medicine,
application of electricity
Hospital for
Epileptic.
what
it professes to
Paralysed and
Medical
National
had
has
private practice, Dr. Tibbits
ample
opportunities of studying the
National
the
As
and
this
to
large experience of the Electrical
the
' '
give the
to
work,
best
availed
has
master.'
to
of Medical
'
Science.
"The
the
practitioner rather than
theorist,'especially in points of detail
to
which
of importance
in order
are
view
the
the
secure
matter
of
book,
least
mystery
"
would
for
above
do
behind,
and
well
come
to
On
advice.
is made
so
whether
of
anything
from
practical
.any
reader
an
expert
contrary,
clear that any
electricity or
of
begin
it, and
if there
in
practical value
London
the
"Dr.
J.
to
a
which
solution
difficulties.
The
"
Gazette.
and
Tibbits, who
is known
The
for the
of
a
practitionerwho
specialty of electrical
The
A.
work
style, and
condensed
are
"
guide
us
our
Times
knowledge.
as
persons
of
electrical
:
a
help
as
an
electricity,has written
this subject for
book
concise
a
upon
the
general practitioner,embracing
only the valuable
part of the existing
may
the
minds
find
authority upon
knew
not,
we
of
some
Medical
tioner,
practi-
once
at
of
thing
every-
previously
ultra-conservative
the
improving
settled,
be
to
book
v.'ill,
at all events,
all
the
to
lingering doubts
some
to
use
that
Tibbits'
the
is after
there
the
he
book
this
is not
all, there
that
suggestion
remains
of tion,
exaggerahypothesis in the
word
a
fanciful
and,
of
in
value
great
means
a
"
is not
or
as
insure
to
of the
"There
cases
application of
cising
exernutrition, relieving pain, and
nificant
(a not insigdisused
muscles, is undoubted,
in this respect) the
in all cases
value
still its exact
but
patient." T/ie Lancet.
Dr.
and
in
successful
and
electricity,
"comfort
is
it is of
That
some
of electricity
as
a
stood.
imperfectlyunder-
value
exact
therapeutic agent
New
Yorh
CHURCHILL.
Medical
in
is written
is well
does
a
adapted
not
inake
treatment."
Journal.
"
DIRECTIONS
FOR
Wall
"
USING
(^abine:t"
^
MANUFACTURED
THE
WAITE
"
U3
To
in
cords
of
socket
the
the
galvanic
the
of
of
are
until
along
socket
and
socket
is not
lever
pin 22,
cells
on
circuit.
the
10
any
O,
for
pin
13-
"
Place
O,
marked
an}"- number,
buttons,
the
its
on
turn
all
that
see
except
be
the
and
according
time
same
should
the
one
of
in
on
use
cells
a
of
number,
on
when
is
number
pin
12
move
between
circuit
pin and
is
pin
intervenes
in
begin,
to
this
series,
the
ference
dif-
which
on
and
the
lever
on
used, the starting point being 12
series
placed
the
of the
part
ahead
cells
with
if socket
being
are
be
of
of
number
instance,
be
wm
-^
left-hand
it is desired
lever
pin
a
on
other
any
which
from
number
part of the
cell would
from
number
but
cells
If socket
4:0th
the
which
moved
The
the
rests,
from
; at
blank
cells
use
desired
lever.
then
on
ing
conduct-
K
the
on
the
between
the
to
having previously
and
it
l,or
the
Constant.
socket
the
their
on
If it is desired
place
on
No.
13
pin
the
of
ends
mark
posts
desired
selector,
marked
qutton
cells
current
place the
(20)
pin
on
York.
CUKKKIVT.
current
selector
levers
at left of
Street, New
binding
two
selector
number
switch
23d
ITSKTHEfcALVAXIC
current
lever
the
to
the
use
BV
BARTLETTMAN'F'GGO-^
East
TO
THE
may
thus
pin 39
and
only.
be
brought
lever
on
into
pin 40
the
the"
7
the socket
Alviays keep
as
socket
putting
Should,
or
ahead
onl}'^necessary
"the
in circuit
socket
the
the
on
ampere-meter
then
the
switch
will
with
cell
after
milli-
the
to
10
lever
The
around
the
patient
as
top
its
far
or
amount.
will
be
having
in
can
The
numbers
the
resistance
the
marked
with
the
every
and
less
un-
the
the
registers 8
thrown
lever
at
milli-ampere-
have
to
rheostat
throw
and
electrodes
milli-amthe
upper
milli-ampereand
out
the
needle
go.
until
which
the
directly
may
turn
conditions,
resistance,
whatever
patient
cells
be
proper
that
point
PATIENT.
him
30
now
the
plate
this
button
made.
8
marked
levers,
rests
taken
the
other
will
15
THE
button
from
its
to
and
at
be
not
of
interrupted,
on
the
OF
the
it
as
of
row
course
milli-amperes
would
button
on
touch
through
any
b)'^throwing
Begin
should
the
move
It is necessary
Supposing
changing
14
at
screws
current
a
vibrator
obtained.
to
current,
marked
RESISTANCE
on
CURRENT.
button
passes
rheostat.
and
only.
resistance
placing
pin corresponding
galvanic
resistance
selector
without
together
15
THE
the
hands
]-etraced
By
by
found
the
the
the
connections
wire
and
fly
when
to
be
at
MEASURE
of
left-hand
will
current
measure
left
meter
easily
is
above
adjusting
touches,
peres;
selecting cell
milli-
the
10-
GALVANIC
on
just
screws
as
To
throw
switch
it is
cause,
any
and
the
and
interrupted
selector
the
TO
his
the
of
the
of
it
disconnected
from
cells
IXTEItRUPTED
of vibration
vibration
in
THE
11, by
degree
meter
deflect
left
turn
marked
the
failing to
obtain
at
point
cell
OBTAIN
TO
switch
O
highest,
current
order
by adjusting
the
on
is reached.
defect
To
of
the
marked
pin
the lever
cell become
a
out
get
defective
the
lever,
the
it
and
the
reverse
short-circuit
to
ampere-meter
number
accident,
any
should
or
would
lever
of
through
down,
run
the lowest
on
have
uncovered
on
of
place
been
the
^f the
by manipulating
which
needle
the
over
is done
division
the
will
have
marked
previously
buttons
patient.
patient.
The
added
known
8
corded
re-
To
of
the
weight
higher
vice-versa.
At
be
E.
By
of
it
but
the
sliding
from
varied
are
said
D,
screw
at
de-
any
very
of
base
fast
be
may
Cabinet
the
and
in
used
C
circuit
works
which
over
in
put
interrupters,
contact
in
placed
which
and
F
S.,
single
or
contact"
''single
the
interrupters
marked
buttons
is
interruptions
the
taining
ob-
contractions.
impulse
the
on
by
a
series
a
the
operation
desired.
as
^
the
Fill
and
connect
cut;
No.
cell
first
of
second
cell,
carbon
of
and
placed
being
connected
cell,
in
two
rows
together
of
zinc
wire
of
last
shown
as
be
the
at
the
on,
should
faradic
being
so
last
the
2
No.
cell,
of
same
the
as
two
shown
cell,
time
the
cable
No.
by
as
each,
in
carbon
by
the
carbon
40.
the
diagram.
to
the
of
the
from
of
the
the
wires
two
the
zincs
the
to
The
shown,
in
strip
connected
being
wire
1
No.
cell
to
label,
shown
as
first
second
the
connected
of
cells,
the
cell
the
on
the
to
zinc
while
the
to
cable
to
cell,
connected
carbon
the
directions
the
to
attached
being
the
of
of
wires
CELLS.
CONNECTING
FOR
according
cells
the
O
carbon
marked
weight
and
may
the
by
slower
the
G,
DIRECTIONS
the
same
interruptions
weight
button
different
The
first
sliding
the
the
the
single
sw^itch
The
adjusted
is
F,
screw
rapid.
to
slow,
by
down
and
up
The
of
which
controlled
further
obtained.
be
may
the
end
the
against
works
adjust
to
necessary
interrupter
slow
slow
only
is
vibration
of
gx'ee
is
it
core
which
interrupter
rapid
the
use
IKTKIIRUPTEK.
USEUFTHIO
THE
and
four
cells
carbons