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2987
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1
How
Study Shakespeare
to
With
Articles
Literature
General
on
Directions
and
and
for Forming
Conducting StudyCircles
By
Hamilton
Henry
Francis
Nicholas
Wright
Van
C.
Mabie
Dyck
Hovey
Lyman
Stoddard
Murray
Butler
AND
PRICE
Charles
F. Richardson
Edward
Everett
CENTS
YORK
UNIVERSITY
SOCIETY
1907
Smith
Abbott
others
50
NEW
THE
Alphonzo
Inc.
Hale
CONGRESS,
OF
LIBRARY
OFFICE.
COPYRIGHT
ARE
BC
No
as
a
9J titleof this book
registration
to copyright
tion
protecpreliminary
has been
THE
duc(
resul Forwarded
found.
Mc\\
to
Order Division
and Comi
With the (
_
,
-
-
1
(Apr. 5, 1901-5,000.)
Shakesp
by the
CriticalNotes
the Plays.
on
:essary
..y
'MJ..
?^MOp.
is repro-
JtP^
-
uthovityon
Explanatory
of
wider consensus
said to be
be justly
can
The set
in existence.
the best edition of Shakespeare's works
volume
There
volumes.
in forty
is complete
-seven
are
a playto a
thirty
plays,
;
the Poems and Sonnets,a Life
volumes contain respectively
and thethreeremaining
and a
estimates by severaleminent authorities),
of Shakespeare(with critical
TopicalIndex.
rests upon
tlditionTtherefore,
and
Shakespeareanknowledgethan any other edition,
matter
ITie Booklovers
SPECIAL
a
FEATURES
Glossaries
which contains the definition
of
Each playis followed by its own
glossary,
the
every obsoleteword in that play. It is a great convenience while readin'^
desired
word
without
volume.
look
able
be
to
to
a
to
referring
separate
plays
up any
Critical Notes
with textual
criticisms.They
For the most scholarly
student,
dealing
principally
in
of
the
various
text
the
supplemented
question,
by the opinions
renderings
give
authorities.
of eminent Shakespearean
Explanatory
Notes
of the playsas mightbe
of such portions
Adequateand clearexplanations
the
Like the Critical
for
reader.
understand
Notes,
difficult
to
; designed
average
from
writers.
of
selected
the
works
prominent
thesehave been carefully
Critical Comments
scholars;
to make
Selectionsfrom the works of great Shakespearean
designed
and
the
of
the
characters.
The'
the
of
nature
plays
clearthe larger
meanings
differentfrom both the Criticaland t'
precedeeach playand are entirely
Notes.
Elxplanatory
Arguments
of the plotand
description
embodyinga more "lefinite
Storiesof the plays,
of the play.
charactersthan could be obtained in any other way save by a perusal
for those who have not read
These arguments are valuable as a pre-review
forthose who have.
and as a concise synopsis
Shakespeare
(See thirdpage
of thiscover
for continueddescription.)
How
Study
to
With
Articles
Shakespeare
General
on
Directions
for
and
Forming
Conducting
and
Literature
Study
Circles
By
Hamilton
Henry
Francis
Nicholas
Wright
Van
C.
Mabie
Dyck
Hovey
Alphonzo
Lyman
Stoddard
Butler
Murray
and
Smith
Abbott
Charles
F,
Edward
Everett
others
fM
\
NEW
YORK
art.
THE
UNIVERSITY
SOCIETY
1907
Inc.
Richardson
Hale
a?
.v^^
CONTENTS
How
Study
TO
Hamilton
By
Why
WrightMabie
Men
Young
Should
Readers
Shakespeare
.
.
Books
and
Van
By Henry
Hints
Study
18
Dyke
Reading
on
11
Alonzo Smith
By Prof.C.
On
1
Shakespeare
22
By Lyman Abbott
27
G. J. B.
By
The
Circle
Study
A
Forming
Study
of
Poetry
40
By Prof.Francis Hovey Stoddard
The
Study
of
Novel
the
52
By Prof Francis Hovey Stoddard
Clubs
Reading
Women
for
By Prof.Chas.
Five
Evidences
By
How
to
of
Nicholas
F. Richardson
an
Education
69
Murray Butler
Read
80
By Edward
The
64
Study
of
Everett Hale
English
Literature
.
.
.
.85
By Various Authors
Outlines
for
the
Study
Shakespeare
of
Copyright, 1902,by Thk
Copyright,1907,by
The
Univkrsity
University
Copy ft^..At othcm:
"lAy 14 1910
...
Society.
Society
Inc.
93
HOW
TO
STUDY
How
You
HAMILTON
live
if you
But
with
say,
educated
an
is
IT
real
thing
when
study
literature.
the
plays
taken
looked
take
together^
of
the
and
of
he
"
work
mechanics
To
such
out
of
This
a
is the
the
to
student
this
could
uneducated
son.
per-
by letter"
in
some
and
that
measure,
in
of
may,
much
language,
of
the
of
plays
;
in
of
loses
of
Shakespeare's
1
to
how
out
in
the
what
may
of
structure
the
times
some-
be
art
become
language,
may
detail
altogether
is what
knowledge
their
it is put
the
sight
Shakespeare
scope,
micro-
a
it is necessary
This
studying
he
art
for
"
grammar,
drama.
for
speak,
to
back
Shakespeare
of
them
with
interested
of
sight
piece
a
construction,
gone
find
of
by reading
so
written
to
or
reading
their
analysis
order
so
masses
he
and
method
writer
by
are
study;
begins
examined
of
scholar
the
best
a
ends
they
work
work
a
the
connections,
loses
the
to
and
meantime,
become
he
thing
Shakespeare
which
pieces
great
study
another
pieces,
student
of
which
of
evolution
happens
if you
letter
understand
historical
to
a
the
the
lover
in
doing
that
becomes
style,
to
words
may
book,
means
trying
to
thing
a
and
chief
In
their
In
sources.
Museum,
forevermore,
are
pleasure
pure
the
traced
to
is
them
at
British
good
a
you
"
is the
pleasure.
greater
of
pages
the
entirely illiterate,
an
read
The
for
in
MABIE
Ruskin.
"
to
one
of
have
ten
accuracy
reading
yet
books
remain
read
person."
one
WRIGHT
all the
and
enough,
long
is to
read
might
Study Shakespeare
to
By
"
SHAKESPEARE
a
be
methods,
called
itself.
quarry
taken.
con-
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
TO
HOW
2
study of Shakespeare ; and it is
itself.
with the study of Shakespeare that this paper
concerns
of simple
The
best approach to a great book
is by the way
for the first
If I am
the Sistine Madonna
to see
enjoyment.
all things, to give myself up to the pure
time I wish, above
struction; but
it is not
delight
of
by
; I wish
man
into
deep
my
postpone
After
and
heard
give
him
for
understands
in the
These
more
are
the
of structure,
the
more
for
living spiritthan
with
the
a
life and
which
them
to
of
him
the
to
Shakespeare, I
of words
it
of
workings
if I
; and
tellinghis story
do
what
must
thinks
he
its
as
women
let him
and
what
means
and
he
am
I must
with
can
things I must
do; and, if I care
of things than for their peculiarities
the truth they have
for
to impart than
for the
things to which
plays to pieces
the
that
they impart
skeleton
I shall
and
truth,
in which
examined
to
deepen
; any
lodged,
when
their
I have
mechanism
the
kind
all kinds
for
more
it is
back
come
The
end of art is
microscope.
exhilaration
to give delight and
results is good;
these
secures
are
criticise him,
him,
first hear
know
men
his way
in which
the
taken
what
first
substance
order
are
I must
it,what
careers
the
these
with
argue
if I wish
impression of
myself to him
any
critical attitude.
Raphael has
by keeping silent myself.
hear
to
that
; but
sight;
of
interruption.
he
surrender
me.
keep myself out
study of detail, the
can
and
clear
sink
canvas,
to
do
I
to
the
on
painted
picture ever
the great painter and
full,free opportunity of tellingme
a
revealed
get
him
manner,
of life,how
are
myself
I want
if I choose
without
like
In
best
can
him
condemn
to
I
I have
end
surrender
foremost
and
and
say,
beautiful
most
spirit. I wish
analysis,minute
First
to
to
the
at
thought, expressed
let his
to
looking
the
sense
of
which
of
study
miss
bad.
To
of Shakespeare is to
begin with, then, the student
remember
that he is dealing with a great human
spiritand
with a mass
of literarymaterial
not
to lose
; that he is never
the feeling of reverence
which
such
a
spiritinspires; that
he is handling human
documents
and not the stuff of which
grammars
and
rhetorics
are
made.
To
keep the
mind
open,
HOW
heart
the
TO
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
3
the
tender,
are
imagination responsive: these
the prime qualitiesin our
friendshipsfor one
another, and
with the great
they are the prime quahties in our friendships
writers.
This
vital
and
study, for
does
not
is
of
and
abstruse
are
well-bound
that
and
is easy
editions
If
discomfort.
command
train, in
Many
has
one
have
men
which
never
learned
what
become
read
works,
them
yourselfup
of the
many
of his
of them
is
that
of
one
the
Fair,"
plays
part; just
The
*'
"
carry
him
Tale
impressions
plays, and
at
least
the
''The
of Two
along.
of
one
a
for
that
they
have
of the
every
one
not
were
the
have
statesman
in the
without
-
The
the
not
effort
"Vanity
Scarlet
gained
has
world.
any
Floss,"
English history from
English
and
simple entertainment;
along
on
men
odds
novel, giving
Shakespeare
Cities," and
Many
a
station.
a
the
on
great classic it is probable
reader
Mill
"
People forget that
Shakespeare by the
writers
interesting
most
carry
as
a
him
read
to
If
as
at
keep
twenty
edition
times, and
novel.
shelves
good
read
story.
of earlier
would
of the
his
vivid
the
people
is
Many
on
and
on
of the
eral
sev-
thrift of time."
*'
a
would
you
suggested
were
condensed
high
so
more
for he
time
a
as
interest
plays
stories
placed
the
to
of
possessor
to
or
because
called
size
of time
Tempest
by using
Gladstone
through
are
ten
put
waiting
waste
a
large, clear type,
a
pocket without
The
is
one
people
the
of
great deal
to
''
themselves
most
Mr.
able
well-
a
prime importance
or
while
needs,
There
a
"
Hamlet
''
educated
of time
hand.
even
be
; to
or
car,
ends
Having
little,or
reach
reading
cable
a
the
of
details, which
Shakespeare one
fittinginto
matter
a
within
into
minutes
of
advantage
simple ;
are
works; this means
plays and poems,
of his
to
small
size, but printed from
it is
Shakespeare
his
comfortable
the
have
which
know
of
set
of small
speare
Shake-
know
to
realities
great
skill with
To
obscure.
printed and
the
the
all, a good edition
first of
at
a
with
dealing
wishes
gain an expert's knowledge of
All
mental
fundasimple matter.
very
tricks of manner,
it is the
who
man
to
expect
Shakespeare's works,
ways
the
their
ter
Letmost
historical
hesitated
HOW
4
STUDY
SHAKESPEARE
Shakespeare taught
that
confess
to
TO
historyhe knew.
Read
the plays,therefore,
and
for after
one
familiar with
is
people, anxious
why they think, speak,
know
books
hke
cannot
be
f.e
who
men
and
act
to have
continually:
and
do.
and
them
approach
approach
to
Great
many-sided
are
must
one
be interested
them
they
must
one
the English
^
begins to
one
as
them,
as
them
understand
to
at the first glance;
seen
different points of view,
from
story
make
nearly all
re-read
the
the
in
him
a
tain
moun-
adequate idea of its size and shape
read
hears all
One
the plays many
times before one
must
ing
clearlywhat Shakespeareis trythey have to say and sees
he reads
to do; and
reads
sight
with increasinginas
one
If
one
is
and
with
the whole
he
then
and variety of the
recognize the number
in a whole
grouped together and combined
to
are
is the beginningof intimacy,
and
familiarity
Ihis
inevitablyleads
and
the
to
on
best and
he
because
form, carry
leisure moments,
reading
are
or
Shakespeare will
will not
to
own
when
found, how
vey
other
the
at
the
each
They
play was
play
information
venient
con-
have
any
'
been
study
in the habit
speare
Shake-
your
if you
can;
not
you
There
do
this
may
will not
you
contain
need
them
the information
The
tial
essen-
introductions which
the
is related to the other
helps
you
paratus
ap-
admirable
many
wish to read and
are
written, where
which
a
half way and reveal
suspect at the start
Shakespearesupply all
beginner.
each
start
regularly
beginning,any elaborate
Shakespearewhich
best editions of
you
at
of reference.
later,but
to the
will
you
man
than
more
you
need,
of books
about
meet
you
the
give to newspapers
read, and
to
to
are
have
you
regularlyas
in ways
to you
You
tempted
you
edge
knowl-
in
hand
plays at
if you
you
the time
down
often and
as
books
with
one
cut
the
the miscellaneous books
put aside
himself
Have
enjoys them.
urally
nat-
so
truest
that very little suggestion need
be made
to
has begun to read
the plays frequently
and
who
of
gets first a view of
Shakespearespreads before him, and
which
begins
He
deliberation.
more
scene
objectswhich
an
to
materials
plays,and
understand
tell
were
con
each
TO
HOW
and
play
its proper
the
of
uses
points. Add
to
of
also contain
they
references
sions,
allu-
disputed
Mr.
plays
the
and
and
passages,
edition
good
a
other
and
obscure
words,
5
place; and
explain historical
which
notes
it in
put
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
Sidney
Lee's
of the
biography, a concordance
plays, Professor
Dowden's
the
read
Art," and
''Shakespeare'sMind and
on
Shakespeare by Coleridge,Lowell, Bagehot, and
essays
other
writers, whose
standard
and
libraries,
in addition, the
Read,
it is told
history as
People."
The
will
time
closer
your
knowledge
too,
with
begin
a
much
time.
present
one
"*
the
come
systematic study,
more
There
a
are
suggestions
for
you
who
has
who
of
are
which
and
a
stimulating,
mind,
your
need
desire
broadened
so
demand
not
of excellent
number
careful
will
It will be
nature.
friends
more
when
dramatist
of human
or
the
machinery of study you need.
lish
historyof Shakespeare's age in Engin Green's
History of the English
probably
with
intimacy
find in
will
you
all the
have
you
works
to
too
which
manuals
thorough study
of the
plays.
"
taken from
are
Suggestions for Study
York
of a literary
the programme
society in New
City,and
as
serve
one
example of the kind of guidance needed
may
in the earlier stages of Shakespearean study.
by students
of evenings to the play of
number
This society devoted
a
of *'The
and
to the
Macbeth,"
special consideration
Nature
of Poetry.
The
following
*'
**
' '
i
Tragedy
The
of
Suggestions for Study:
then
read
it
characters.
basis
second
a
Has
it a
distinct
moral
drama.
poetry .-* Which
is
why
?
Name
some
of
What
Macbeth
the
plot,
' '
the
purpose
a
?
Has
passage
"
it
a
torical
his-
Reasons
tragedy ? a
lofty
genuine and
drama
contain
character
play carefully,
plot and principal
incidents.
and
is
strongest
of the
whole
the
Consider
why it is a great
comedy ? Does
' *
Read
time.
Sources
?
Macbeth
in
a
the
play and
qualitiesof Lady Mac-
Macbeth
What
the
them
or
do
How
What
his
is the
clew
utterances
resolute
is the
What
they
stand
Macbeth
actions
prove
before
hesitancy
audacity
and
energy
difference
?
What
one
Macbeth
coward
?
If he
was
his
bravery
his
explain
you
Lady
Macbeth
which
broke
down
word
afterward
of
the
at
Macbeth
it all ?
how
not
do
Was
himself?
you
What
it the
broke
cause
and
duff:
Mac-
in fleeingfor their lives ?
Did
they cowards
What
in leaving his fam^ily?
is
justifyMacduff
the
Macbeth,"
essentiallysignificantabout
play of
"
the
regard
obvious
this
as
that
truth
*
?
Shakespeare'sgreatest tragedy
elements
determine
the
' '
will out
murder
'
greatness
of
Required Reading: "Macbeth."
Suggested Readings: Tennyson's
plain
ex-
how
same
Malcolm
the
Was
coward,
a
scruples?
?
end
Macbeth's
contains
was
and
hesitancy
does
were
What
?
and
coward
a
If he
battle?
in
down
than
the
Macbeth
what
In
consist
a
Lady
Lear"?
"King
in
sisters
between
punishment
do
's
of introducin
great change in the will power
the
to
what
or
Macbeth
ters;
sis-
?
Macbeth
two
What
do
conscience,
more
gate
weird
real, instead
? what
dream
a
the
explain
you
and
murder,
has
?
Macbeth
Lady
it ?
Who
play ?
for in the
in
Was
the
at
The
?
them
make
?
men
knocking
sleep-walking scene
Macbeth
to
the
does
Shakespeare
does
why
What
poet ?
a
typify?
inferior to his
Shakespeare's women
Are
beth.
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
TO
HOW
6
?
Do
If so,
thing
any-
there
more
you
why
?
play ?
a
"The
Foresters,"
"Hamlet."
Suggestions
qualitiesthat
poetry ?
for
Study
What
:
differentiate
it
is poetry
from
prose
?
What
What
?
are
the
is
lyric
Are
is the
psalms and hymns l}'ric
poetry ? What
meaning of the phrase, "Lyric beauty in Shakespeare's
"dramatic"
Describe
plays"?
"epic," "lyric," and
and
the words
Define
sonnet,
ode,
elegy.
poetry.
Define
?
the
Is Shakespeare the greatest English dramatist
' '
' '
essential
and
other
qualitiesof
literature
originality;charm;
be
a
great
acquired
great
'
drama.
?
' '
'
Can
Elements
'
love
'
of
poetry
of great poetry ;
subjectsgreatly treated;
correct
coherentlyworked
; vital ideas
poeticconstruction
7
SHEAKSPEARE
STUDY
TO
HOW
oat
must
' '
Dora
Beauty of simple poetry in
orative
No
of Ruth.
and Book
metaphor, figureof speech, or decThe
Dora.
meaning of iambic
adjectivein
What
is ''Society
etc.
pentameter, dactyllic hexameter,
American
such
Is there
?
Verse
a
thing as
poetry ?
the
quicken
emotions.
"
'
' '
^
''
'
' '
of the poetry of the nineteenth
Characteristics
element
spiritual
in
Literature
in poetry.
interest
define
of power;
The
each.
century.
The
universal
and
Contemporary
and
of knowledge
Bible
in Tennyson
poetry.
'
literature
and
other
as
a
whole, its plan, story, plot, vital
Study a poem
idea, and larger teaching ; note the meaning of paragraphs,
sentences,
phrases, and the use of words.
Suggested Readings : A selection of the best short poems
StedClarence
in the
English language. Mr. Edmund
of Poetry."
The
Nature
man's
poets.
"
School,
High
is
following example
The
and
Boston,
Sprague's edition
of the
"
value
Merchant
The
outline
should
poem
of the
story
or
be
methods
some
of
be
Girls'
Homer
"
of Venice.
have
read
very
of
course
thorough study
the
Prof.
from
of his
; but
own
of practical
be
them, may
first,for the
hastily,at
thought.
Having thus grasped it as a whole,
read
care
through; this time with some
of thought.
the story and course
Then
Thurber,
instructors:
most
to
Samuel
taken
is
Every good teacher will
following suggestions, or
the
by
of each
and
it should
again
the
details
for
every
be
of
part should
begun.
the
At
beginning
of the
needful, require of the pupil a
class
exercise,
statement
of
or
as
often
(a) The
"
as
main
in the whole
oration, play, or
object of the author
poem,
other
to-day's lesson is a part. ("5)
production of which
in this particularcanto, chapter,
The
object of the author
act,
or
other
division
or
of
subdivision
the
main
work.
Read
the
or
recite
finest part
or
from
memory
(or have
parts of the last lesson.
the
The
pupils do it)
elocutionary
author
may
Require
a
have
that
the
fresh
keep the whole
"argument,"
sion
story, or succes-
the
present
lesson.
aloud
read
to
the
(or previously)assigned.
lines,now
should
the
to
here, in order
his best.
oi
student
the
utilized
be
(oftenenough
resume
topics,up
Have
or
times
at
memory)
of
at
appear
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
class should
talent of the
in
TO
HOW
8
paragraph,
sentence,
The
appointed
tion
por-
unity.
stituting
Let the student
interpretexactly the meaning by subhis own
lation
words; explain peculiarities.This transor
paraphrase should often be in writing.
Let him
the immediate
state
objectof the author in these
lines.
Is this object relevant
} important } appropriate in
this place }
Let
him
thoughts)
point out the ingredients (particular
that make
Are
they in good taste ^ just}
up the passage.
some
} well
natural
arranged }
him
Let
defects
other merits
or
point out
anything
of principle or sentiment,
noteworthy as regards nobleness
delicacy, beauty, rhythm, sublimity,wit, wisdom,
grace,
"
concentrated
kindliness, pathos, energy,
truth, logicalforce, originality;give allusions, kindred
sages,
pas-
humor,
naivete,
principlesillustrated,etc.
From
Shakespeariana for January, 1887, we take the
analysisby M. W. Smith:
followingcharacter
His
intellect.
Antonio.
Adapted to business, I, i.
"
'*
blinded
Prudence
hypocrisy, I,
moral
by Shylock's
by affection,I, i. Deceived
iii; Practically philosophical,IV, i. His
Generous,
nature.
III, iii;Good,
I, i; II, -viii;III, ii, iii,iv; IV,
Frank,
I, iii; Magnanimous,
to
resigned, IV,
Bassanio.
executive
nature.
i;
Takes
i; Sincere, II, viii;
III, ii; Honest,
I, iii;Melancholy,
usury,
ate,
III, i; Affection-
I, i; IV, i; Patient
and
i.
His
intellect.
Philosophical,III, ii; Good
ability,II, ii; Forethought, II,
scholar, I,
by Shylock, I, iii;A
Too
III, i; Opposed
proud
advantage
ii;
ii.
I, i; Trusts
to
economize,
of
friendship, I, i; Frank,
Easily
His
to
ceived
de-
moral
luck, I,
II, ii; III,
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
TO
HOW
ii;Energetic, II, ii; Good
how
to
i; V, i; Knows
making
promises, III, ii; IV,
flatter,V, i; Generous, IV, i;
at
Grateful, V, i; Undemonstrative,
Her
Portia.
9
III, ii.
personalappearance.
In
general, I, i; II,
viii; III, ii; Stature, I, ii; Color of hair, I, i; III, ii. Her
I, ii;II, ix; IV, i; V, i; Shrewd
in
intellect.
Philosophical,
I, ii; II,
reading character, I, ii; Practical, III, ii;Satirical,
II, ix; IV, ii; V, i; Has
good common
ix; Humorous,
III, ii; Intellect predominates, III, ii. Her moral
sense.
In
nature.
Frank
and
obedient. III, ii;
general, I, i; Extremely
unaffected. III, ii; Generally hospitable.III, ii;
III, ii; Undemonstrative,
V, i; Generous,
in
V.
V, i; Has
good luck, III, ii; Can equivocate. It, i; Somewhat
silly.III, iv.
i; Somewhat
His
Shylock.
faith
vain,
intellect.
Philosophical,III, i; IV, i;
Logical, IV, i; Cool-headed, IV, i; Sharp in business, I,
iii;Quick
IV, i. His moral
nature.
repartee, II, v;
to his religion,
I, iii;IV, i; Patient under
persecution,
I, iii;Sensitive to wrong,
I, iii;III, i; Superstitious,
True
at
Untruthful, I, iii;Ironical, I, iii;Miserly,II, ii; V,
viii; Extremely avaricious. III, i; IV, i; A good hater, I,
II, v;
iii;II, viii; IV, i; Revengeful, I, iii;III, i; II, iii;Malicious,
IV, i; Pitiless, IV, i; Relentless, IV, i; Heartless,
III, iii;IV, i." Verify!
The
to
writer
evoke
criticism
going
not
Antonio
and
for the
sake
14-17?
in
do
most
Does
Would
in
of the
the bond
do
Act
I,
we
followingquestions
a
make
?
a
defect
such
?
Why
iii)
sc.
love
so
money
Shylock
?
Is
in Shakespeare's
confession
a
is
man
to
the
episode of
Did Jessicagive this ducat
friendship,II, iii? Is this natural, II, iii,
life?
Shylock contrive
against Antonio's
this exultation
after line
Shylock manifest
i of the
between
Why
Antonio
borrow
to
the
of
not
scene
could
Jessicaintroduced
Did
did
33
?
(as
Lorenzo
How
:
Shylock
to
art
Why
justquoted suggests
third
act. III, i,
love-making
*
say
*
nearest
Bassanio
believe
?
Was
his heart
and
that Antonio
Does
83-89?
the
' '
bond
?
Gratiano,
will not
What
a
Portia
legal one
is the
?
nection
con-
II, ii; III, ii ?
be hurt, and
that
HOW
10
Shylock
will
in
correct
between
Shylock
Antonio
IV,
297,
such
etc.
?
Is
Would
IV,
have
IV,
stage
large
introduced
?
her
not
in
decision
Shylock
i,
hands,
385,
IV,
?
Why
etc.]
i,
is
to
417,
Act
court
this
save
etc.?
V
[the
his
Why
usually
Portia
the
?
in
as
purely
say
Does
IV,
completely
so
Is
friendship
promote
Portia
?
iv
111,
statement
Could
?
i ?
a
to
i ?
III,
purpose,
Antonio,
tend
persons
his
in
of
estimate
make
hating
defeated
be
her
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
TO
ness
likeWould
i, about
self,
her-
disguise
technical,
IV,
of
expression
hfe
?
is
omitted
quiescence,
ac-
Portia
Did
scene
i,
ii.
on
Act
the
HOW
STUDY
TO
Why
SHAKESPEARE
Should
Men
Young
Study
Shakespeare
C.
By
FOR
animals,
lower
in
his
*
Ethics
'
with
But
have
that
that
we
of
wishes
who
woman
little
''heirs
born
passed
is
do
not
all
the
to
just beginning
is
largest
sense,
And
done.
ages."
the
the
realm
of
hard
be
the
for
man
with
the
overestimate
or
the
history,
both
as
are
generations
has
race
history,
to
the
went
we
young
start
history;
what
of
fair
a
each
that
one
of
one
that
so
Every
make
Everett,
knowledge;
advantage
study
record
the
this
the
whatever
next,
over
from
C.
C.
because
'
the
inherit
and
must
it would
interpreter,
get
is the
in
'
to
on
differ
Men
*
Professor
"
advantage
before
gone
'
says
People,
Young
some
it."
before
not
for
History.
part,"
in
gains
generation
starts
of
Knowledge
a
SMITH
ALPHONSO
one
in
the
thought
and
teacher
and
influence
of
Shakespeare.
historical
Shakespeare's
attractive
and
the
usurped
the
on
founder
the
place
of
work
the
characters
is the
dramatist's
are
that
historical
by
and
portrayal that
Cleopatra, Coriolanus,
inseparably
linked
of
novel,
leading
with
the
11
readers
many
history.
little
did
that
Shakespeare,
the
history
give
for
of text-books
begun
great
Antony,
form
a
dramas
of
events
the
names
Troilus,
name
of
vital
so
have
they
Walter
more
of
in
Scott,
than
carry
popularizing
So
history.
of
C?"sar,
Cressida,
and
Shakespeare.
the
vivid
Brutus,
others
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
WHY
12
speare
English history our debt to Shakethe
"All
is still greater.
English history that I
of Marlborough,
*'I learned
from
Duke
said the
know,"
in
In Shakespeare's day, Warwickshire,
Shakespeare."
the
borders
whose
a
had
handed
been
Field
is the
youth
and
This
historythat he
early manhood.
gives
the
Mr.
Lancaster,"
the
and
men
heard
he
recounted
rates
nar-
in his
this
period
of
possessingan unrivaled
lowing
poet Shakespeare. Fol-
master-mind,
a
of
actions
other
For
in
dramatic
such
*'
says:
fortunate
are
interpreterin our
great
the guidance of
ourselves
historythat
to
Gairdner
James
English history we
A
legend.
torical
Shakespeare's English histhat historians
are
just beginning to
Houses
of York
and
preface to ''The
value
plays, a
appreciate. In
historyand
the
have
peculiarvalue
a
of the Roses
by oral tradition.
fought only eighty years
Thus
must
Wars
down
was
Shakespeare's birth.
before
of
storehouse
battle of Bosworth
The
battles of the
decisive
of material
wealth
of
fought, was
been
had
domain
in the
But
the
realize
we
period
in
a
way
for
we
The
doings
of that stormy age, the sad calamities
endured
by kings, the
the glitter
sudden
by great men,
changes of fortune endured
all left a deep imof civil war,
pression
of chivalry,and
the horrors
the mind
of the nation, which
was
kept alive
upon
do
cannot
by
in
any
of the
traditions
vivid
dramatist
Shakespeare's
nearness,
he
records
powers
that
of
insightand
For
study
has
the
"
to
our
great
and
place to
say
"
historians, but makes
those
who
are
him
a
iarly
pecul-
justentering upon
the
English history.
Arnold,
Matthew
In
the
of
case
proportion
would
To
the
be
the
"
is devoted
young,
and
four-fifths.
nearer
influence
of
''Three-fourths
yet crystallizedinto matured
realize
that
time
therefore, in time
of Conduct.
says
conduct.
not
of
Maxims
thought,"
the
al
past
.
nothing of his unrivaled
presentation not only gives him an
modern
advantage over
fittingguide for
serious
.
.
' '
wrote.
the events
of
epoch.
of
in
to
whom
unconscious
our
daily
questions
conduct
habit,
' '
Shakespeare
in the
direction
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
WHY
14
reaching- up into maturity, and who, beginning to feel the
of life,wish
to
probe deeper into its meaning
possibilities
of its right conduct.
the principles
and to know
All the
of Human
Nature.
For a Better
Knowledge
'*
stage,"
world's
a
women
who
but
sketched,
forty-six.
when
but
their
play
parts
consider
we
Balzac
number
mere
individuaHzed
and
being hardly
It is
in
In
nature.
is not
insightinto
to
who
vocations
only
conditioned
No
character.
one
hope
may
that
govern
in
domain
weakness
and
The
and
says
Mr.
of
of
knowledge of human
the highest
these
cess
suc"
on,
but
can
expect
keen
proportioned,to
become
to
appreciation of
ordinary
affairs of life.
influence, while
and
human
from
it goes;
and
is
in
**The
Books
part for the
and
it is neither
purchased
*'
that
nature
experience
but
heartaches.
Mabie,
a
a
cess
suc-
a
an
cessful
suc-
or
business
the
motives
Knowledge
ignorance is
inefficiency.
gained
good as far as
deep enough,
errors
is power
knowledge
has
woman
in the
men
this
have
not
for
a
and
"
one
no
without
many
does
has
characters, Dickens
preacher, teacher, doctor, editor, lawyer,
man,
over
Eliot
George
seven
that
say
calling to-day
any
which
total
Thackeray forty,their sum
put.
equal to Shakespeare's single out-
than
truism
mere
a
with
supremacy
easy
the
but
and
two,
more
and
Shakespeare;
fullness
modern.
and
hundred
one
hundred
one
and
writers, ancient
merely
not
number
gross
and
men
hundred
two
and
variety of types and the clearness
they are
portrayed, Shakespeare takes
all other
has
surpasses
the
only
not
the
of
it he
upon
individualized
completely
In
and
Shakespeare,
says
in
essence
and
whole;
many
the
a
young
observation
wide
Culture,"
may
or
be
enough nor
by needless
cases
of
man
provincialism,"
'*is
acceptance
of
a
tion
substituthe
local
standards
as
possessing the
experience, knowledge, and
ards
authority of the universal experience,knowledge, and standin its own
true
sphere ;
; the local experience is entirely
it is accepted as the experience
it becomes
misleading when
of all time
and
all men."
WHY
For
STUDY
knowledge
a
SHAKESPEARE
of
and
men
women
wide, for insight into social life as
a
maybe
only to
of
in
found
For
could
in
clear
little
and
forceful
of
art
Whatever
be
individualized
viewed
the
is to
the
if the
theme,
be
every
had
of
sharp
and
of
speare
Shake-
whole.
see
apt;
these be the
has
first
if he
has
relations
illustration,his
or
In
these
two
spects,
re-
speare
whole, Shake-
see
portrayed,every
narrated,
He
and
thought through
so
wrote.
of the
and
one
Shakespeare's
it could
have
not
held
in solution
definite outline.
a
been
model
In
spite of
of which
his
may
scribed,
de-
the great
communed
plots that he
folding
possibleun-
have
been
hastily. Thought
done
until
so
every
work
of clearness
pictures the study
that
had
he
plot that
scene
every
shows
before
lineaments
were
has
constructed
sentence
idioms, his style is
series
he
incident
every
other.
quickly ;
emotion
clear and
impressive.
clearly and to
see
to
speaker
or
analogy
mere
thing
some-
in them.
and
that
seen
of the
and
writer
and
that Mac-
that
true
found
ago
speak
furnish
clearlyand
see
years
to
one
first
yet unrivaled.
as
the very
done
hundred
is also
relations^whether
vital
his characters
knew
his
at
seem
it is true
not
will be
it,his words
abilityto
and
a
that is
composition
Every character
has
employed,
with
served
inconsistencies
Kipling, for example,
still more
will
dramatist
have
enhance
would
While
Shakespeare, it
it in its
treatment
he
and
text-book
a
to
training
prose.
similarityor contrast,
is
such
and
three
in
to-day
and
in
furnishes
written
verse
but
found
not
of
of human
centuries
It
Expression.
if blank
aulay, Hawthorne,
then
life,for
nature.
as
The
Three
preeminence
guide through the mazes
a
text-book
no
his
accentuate
help
write
is
colleges;
or
Shakespeare.
Training
glance
There
schools
our
in
common
our
teacher.
supreme
authority as
individual
as
"
taught
nature
well
it is
as
depths to which an over-tempted nature
the heights to which, in spite of hostile enor
vironment,
determined
rise
spiritmay
mains
Shakespeare re-
descend
our
deep
as
the
of
appreciation
may
15
they precipitatedin
obsolete
and
is
a
words
vividness;
and
it is
liberal education
any
as
directness
and
clearness
in that
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
WHY
16
of vision
which
precede
must
of
clearness
presentation.
Euclid
and Blackstone
But clearness
is not enough.
are
speare's
What
is the
of Shakeclear
secret
as
Shakespeare.
wealth
of illustration,
May
analogy, and contrast?
at
attempt
the
be
secret
learned
who
speaker
only
not
whole.
relations to
"
experience
or
and
his characters
is
saw
whether
speaker
or
writer
or
by every
speare
imagination. Shake-
and
them
be
may
and
incidents
as
organic parts of a larger
it in its
must
see
a thing in its entiretyone
see
other things. Every illustration employed by a
To
writer
visualized
themselves, he
in
units
the heart
has touched
least
principleat
principlefollowed
it is the
;
The
learned.''
as
is the statement
"
prompted by
from
it be drawn
this
of
facultyof
tory,
nature, art, his-
ship
suggested relationseeing things in their
a
connections.
To
clearly one
see
whole
must
one
see
individually;to
collectively. Both faculties
must
see
by training; the first demands
second
of the imagination ; the
greatly increased
intellect,the
the
other
line, the
offers to
to
study
becomes
one
old
and
alike
ideal
the
in
At
his
substantial, the invisible visible.
shadowy
style at
the
drink
at
a
one's
career,
source
straight
of
store
the
remote
terial
ma-
abstract
near,
the
appreciate his
before
vague
expression have become
of unfailingpleasureand
of
methods
ineffective
of
outset
very
a
Shakespeare
both,
To
of the
separates,
to
touch
real, the
a
be
may
one
inexhaustible
an
as
more
compared
And
practice.
concrete,
be
may
surface.
a
and
young
for
is to
; the
combines
other
see
and
ingrained,
of increasing
power.
For
of
what
and
"Culture
Culture.
the
is best
mind
and
and
heart
highest.
emancipation
from
impliesgrowth.
what
It
that
means
is low
comes
from
enrichment
and
It is the
contact
folding
un-
with
of character
provincial.
No
manhood
one,
or
impressionableyears of early
with Shakespeare'scharacters
or
commune
womanhood,
can
think
Shakespeare's tlioughts after him without receiving
of culture
Intellect,imagination,and sympathy
access
an
especiallyif in
the
WHY
The
enlarged.
are
be
felt.
The
he
feels
afresh
shares
the
All
"
that
places
Are
to
the
wise
a
assimilates
the
wit
and
was
already
*'in
the
foremost
became
feels
homelier
things
new
directness
they
Insensibly
he
shallow,
what
of
is made
But
reach
of intellect
is
portrays
in
not
men
them.
individuals,
as
be
to
service,
learned
lesson
a
as
from
"
Heaven
his
to
what
is
Not
Did
As
But
with
light them
not
if
to
we
go
had
fine
us
and
close
them,
social
for
forth
of
thern
issues."
we
themselves
us,
not.
'twere
sciousness.
con-
ciation
appreHe
and
that
richness
yond
be-
and
ings;
feel-
ideas
service.
as
Shakespeare
relation
to
have
we
factors.
Shakespeare
as
and
crude,
into
thought,
through
in
incomparably
doth
tation,
presen-
force
the
The
phrased
in
torches
do,
the
with
;
for
if
our
as
are
not
not
social
dramatist's
virtues
all alike
Spirits
ciety
so-
fruitful
most
culture
is
the
seen,
words:
own
its
harmonious.
depth
and
but
viewed
but
their
grows
and
in
possibilities.
home
and
;
life,
learning.
will
isolated
He
a
growth
through
of
than
more
and
only
not
growth
about
lesson
is
inartistic
have
of
admire
to
in
even
its
because
ceases
is
in
brought
are
life
imagination
culture
it
that
depth
novelty
vital, whole,
and
sympathy
the
is true,
realize,
to
old
and
fragmentary,
the
Shake-
meanings
new
a
that
race
a
when
new
sees
by
seem
which
with
of
beauty
stimulus
new
him
to
new
he
"
havens";
files of time"
;
a
happy
and
mysteries,
and
seem
and
only
its
aspects,
things
wisdom
spokesman
in
awe
new
a
Old
its
and
that
visits
Heaven
ports
man
he
speare
of
eye
truth;
universal
remark
Shakespeare's
to
cease
space
of
fullness
in the
of
depth
and
time
of
limitations
reader
17
SHAKESPEARE
STUDY
finely touched
HOW
HENRY
By
they
of
consumer
not
know
what
he
likes.
is
play
fashion
and
an
reads
seldom
of
has
he
that
the
evolution
not
read
books
not
that
books
read
read
wants
the
reads
with
with
facts.
in
to
and
know,
of
accuracy
is apt
the
comes
to
ardent
than
more
Next
are
the
the
definite
have
other
five
books
new
of
purpose
his
of
specialty,
most
certain
and
to
18
lines
think
Do
the
they
his
read
not
Do
who
person
chiefly
for
He
convey.
acquaintance
faculty.
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investigation;
highly
not
them.
valuable
of
sel
coun-
one.
"
valuable
stage
Do
Do
"
increasing
gets
for-
character.
old
are
this
books.
one
reader
he
any
reading
are
which
information
is
(if,indeed,
to
books
whom
to
in
English.
people
He
He
when
reader
morbid
bad
Curiosity
bookseller.
negative
a
intelligent
''
following
a
in
written
Memory
the
of
silly books,
because
simply
chiefly
is
knows
reading.
except
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advice
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most
books,
vulgar
For
it before.
read
effectual)
be
may
time,
He
he
net.
his
spare
him.
says
his
to
directing
second
the
book
a
he
loud-advertising
the
his
pleases
but
book-
particular
occupy
it
comes
in
large part
for
prey
easy
a
that
is fish
All
and
venience
con-
classes.
ordinary
any
to
literature,
about
much
does
order
in
habit
the
formed
has
He
time.
the
without
reads
chiefly
intention,
or
purpose
three
"
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commerce.
"
reader
of
purposes
into
divided
be
simple
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readers.
may
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DYKE
VAN
and
readers
are
Books
and
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READ
TO
of
its
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impor-
ON
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tance.
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is inclined
light
of them
reader
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often
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of
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new
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his
and
towards
clearness
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forms
into
world
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from
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a
Literature,"
of
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knowledge
' '
is
through
a
of
ideal.
reader
the
Its
arts.
and
He
of
constraint
the
purifying
free
fashion,
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life
charm,
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touched
embodied
in
is literature.
things enters
these
not
a
from
ambition
an
he
pleasure, because
a real joy in the
thirst of
finer,fuller
city of wonders, a
from
of duty,
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of
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and
and
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power.
reads
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made
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of nature
his affections
sets
as
He
meanings
of
of
culture
seeks.
interest
a
of
means
a
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personality of
from
as
who
expressions of the human
thought, purity of emotion,
delights.
learning,but
the person
"
feelings,broadening his sympathies,
in
life.
Literature
he
loves
joy
inner
who
"
as
language
of books
of fair
his
this
human
the reader
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his
the
of permanent
And
the
with
in which
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and
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increase
books
humane
him
translated
in
reader
to
most
is what
books
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analyses.
lists of books
personallyconducted
"
turns
interest
of action
manhood
make
Miss
useful.
gentle
''
who
it is the
processes
be
to
19
to
whom
to
one
most
deepening
enhancing
tastes,
and
notes
interest is the
the
and
because
is the
BOOKS
books.
comes
grow,
take
''Cook's
as
main
very
AND
to
particularreader
of reading are
courses
to
READERS
of
feels that
perception of
pleasure of the highest kind
things lucid, luminous, symmetrical, musical, sincere, passionate,
"
and
"
quickens it, makes
fertile in all
more
love.
and
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such
profound
reader
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good
for vital
directories, rules, and
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criticism
heart
endure
of
cheerfulness, courage,
less need
instructions, than
with
him
and
the ills of life,and
to
pleasure has
will go
that
the
pleasurerestores
and
of maps
of
in his
companionship.
reading, and
meaning in familiar things, and touch the
relations
and reveal the hidden
of beauty and power,
secrets
of literature
to
life,and help him to see the reasonableness
open
up
of every
of
new
true
passion
"
grace
a
of
style,the sincerityof
criticism
that
every
real force
penetrates, illuminates,
and
the
appreciates, making
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clearer
eyes
will
companionship which
gratefulto the gentle reader.
be
the
class of readers
Whichever
decline
one,
435,999th
Here
is
a
but
for the
his
expend
"
difficulty.
varietyof opinionsamong
The
to
seems
cheerful
most
a
me
each
Doubtless
fact.
most
for the
his last dollar
spend
not
is
something
in prayers
popular book,
purchase of What?
the
instructors
and
guides
real
unite
can
that
"
(and I, for
to
all find
can
newest
wisely in
more
money
of the
copy
belong
may
All
please and profitus.
simple reader, that he may
to
books
more
helpful and
most
myself),we
commit
to
we
heart
the
and
Hving spiritin good
perceive the
to
BOOKS
AND
READERS
ON
20
has
good
a
and
couraging
en-
give
to
reason
there are treasures
to be found
preferences. Doubtless
not
in various
a
solitary pot of gold
regions of literature
terrible chance
that we
hidden
in a single field,and
a
may
lot
of
rich
but veins
not
ning
runore
happen to buy the right
through all the rocks, and placersin all the gravel beds.
for his
"
"
Doubtless
not
we
follow
may
Let
take
not
us
There
world.
The
for
reading
our
are
than
more
and
roads
best hundred
for you
We
me.
the
the
best
that
books
diminishes
the
author
confidence
profitof
who
has
satisfied
it be
not
those
and
kept
be
not
if we
not
which
You
keep
comes
like
Thackeray,
out
from
of
absolutely and
habit
The
questionably
un-
of
worrying
read,destroys the pleasure
that we
are
reading. Be
choice
with
read
the
an
then
and
of books,
mind.
easy
affection, interest, and
provincialismin
literature
least
at
that
him
"
one
even
is
that
Athens.
Tolstoi
You
dred
hun-
get something
of
us
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best
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have
to
something in
generation is fairlysure
worth
reading.
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ously.
strenu-
books
good
may
world.
in your
in Providence
trust
Any
have
we
sincere
serious, earnest,
put your
in the
anxiously,too
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hundred
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ought to be
though
thoroughly good, even
and
half dozen
a
far astray after all.
go
about
of
one
any
George
like Byron and
and
Eliot; I like
Shelley;
Scott
I like
and
Words-
WHY
time
work
limited;
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in
attention
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patients
to
be
cured
children
to
be
tended,
table
and
family
Bible,
oft-read
books
in
to
replenish
the
which
to
but
sketch,
find
time,
is the
his
of
find
how
of
problem
intellectual
his
to
starves
would-be
a
and
reading
America
gives
monthly
the
study
but
study
bitter
it.
it
a
Waste
true
student
library
"
the
magazine.
with
is this
which
with
no
fancy
How
circumstances,
down
lays
first twenty
in
of
the
wives
years
other
and
situated
so
gilt-
time
is
who
and
learning
and
life.
such
the
forty
ers.
mothtematic
sys-
pursue
study?
periodical publications
and
for
set
and
from
This
the
in
be
library
limited
student
who
sold,
to
genteel
American
in
and
a
purse
and
study
despair;
Especially
shall
the
an
many
manding
de-
well-thumbed
limited
would-be
a
appetite
death.
How
of
for
many
an
a
office
table
for
replenished.
were
means
life in
life gets
with
library,
photograph
a
and
is
provoked,
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bought
and
;
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room,
exhausted
be
dusted,
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to
the
in
pacified
to
again
parlor,
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use
be
to
away
sitting
the
poetry
edged
clients
There
few.
parlor,
Dictionary,
the
in
the
in
furniture
Webster's
Read
not
are
killed, goods
or
cleared
be
to
;
books
your
kitchen,
the
do
ABBOTT
LYMAN
By
YOUR
that
People
for
Hints
READ
TO
almost
to
daily journal,
Study
cyclopedia,
no
time
political controversies,
every
on
the
22
with
the
the
the
home,
weekly
newspaper;
atlas, with
shameful
ecclesiastical
in
the
paper,
if possible,
gazetteer;
scandals,
broadsword
the
HINTS
FOR
exercises, and
is
is
more
no
worthier
tattler than
course
Wilkie
because
23
of words
war
gossip
daily
street;
^/le
printed by
when
life's actual
drama.
side
romance
of
they
the
of
The
the
this
the
artists
the
journal
weekly
"
add
of the
the
by
to
on
zines.
maga-
under
add
tribution.
con-
both
the
pencil.
the
and
daily
or
storehouses
laid
are
called
are
periodical
such
furnished
are
as
monthly
known
never
the
by
is where
newspaper
of America
illuminations
and
study
has
ablest writers
attractions
will
facts, and
food
ablest
of fiction is inane
romance
world
mental
The
to
In
The
you.
of well-selected
But
The
recorded.
are
will aid
"
magazine
Periodical
ing
readstudy of books.
become
desultory reading. It need not, but there
may
For courses
observe
of study in books
always danger.
want
rules
three
to
with what
know
ought
to
mind
that
It is not
has
a
but
safe
when
with
have
you
or
done
a
It is
you
a
distasteful
without
assume,
what
not
know.
of
course
rare
study.
proof, that he
opposite
(3) Buy
a
If you
harm
Read
''Alfred
short
purpose
in the
achievement
these
Macaulay's
or
thing
a
Martineau,
Miss
and
is
a
tory,
out, for his-
with
the idea
fifteen volumes
Jacob
Lord
simple.
wonderful
; but
true
Abbott's
Chatham,
"
Life
thing
Putting the
incentive
of
Temple,
or
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will
you
is very
Great.*'
the
and
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'TL,"
that
Do
course.
finished
Hughes'
; and
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short
finish them.
or
Thomas
time
in
never
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a
Macaulay,
well versed
Charles
to
to
to
want
you
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congenial.
mind.
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you
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keep itself
can
(2) Begin
that
some
:
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be
A
the
on
READ
There
is no
whispered by a daily tattler.
fascinatingintellectual occupation than watching the
of contemporaneous
denouements
of
history. The
Reade
Collins and
Charles
are
nothing to those of
more
is
journal than
a
attention
your
NOT
paragraph gossip.
dignified in
no
you
idle
the
DO
THAT
PEOPLE
to
a
at
a
word
large
next
attempt.
dictionary,an atlas, and, if possible,a cyclopedia.
have
not
will be
the
done
money
make
if it cultivates
over
a
an
old
habit of
net.
bon-
making
FOR
HINTS
24
old bonnets.
over
harm
No
with
If
will be
a
if this cultivates
cigars.
increasing facilities try
since
long
not
America's
house, in
a
in the
chair
that
have
name
of
or
reference
fixed ;
not
to
For
and
the
best
brain
The
for it, half
trained
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and
is fresh
shut
secure
crowd
on-coming
concentration
if time
But
the
lock
cannot
be taken
with
the
hand
and
learned
only
one
would
in the
nursery,
and
that
Mary
Heavens,"
Royal
by
her
interruptedby
Somerville
of her
her
an
Society, and
day.
Where
body
door
of the
seize
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it when
of
chance
But
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it
with
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was
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Burritt
place
it
never
was
lected,
neg-
rarely refused,
Mechanism
member
of the
of
put her in the first rank
is
if
offers.
but
is not
she
there
of
door
another;
bellows
honorary
thick
mind.
calculations;but
her
a
power
other, that Elihu
*'
to
cannot
of
the
desk;
nursery
hour
an
stalwart
lock
callers,whom
out
and
intrusion
a
the
opportunity
children, whom
wrought
elected
Astronomical
the scientists
The
for astronomical
beset
which
the
when
mind
cannot
take
regularity
holding a book with
his first languages.
choose
an
time.
secure
housekeeper
forge is not a convenient
blacksmith's
forge, blowing the
the
not
leave
is worth
subtle
the
hour
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the
blacksmith's
The
do
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best;
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more
Some
at
you
regular,systematic,
the
To
perhaps
secure.
taken
are
this
which
be
cannot
it cannot
at
can
do
you
of which
to
breakfast
before
out
a
dictionary
which
be
alert.
of cares,
library; others
the
hour
an
to shut
facility
;
should
mind
the
he
you.
early hours
half after supper.
intrusion
which
out
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location
easy-
and
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new
this
advantage
an
of which
event
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not
with
selected, it still remains
tools
uninterrupted.
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the
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piano,
meaning
place
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fine
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in
Equipped
the
In invading
comprehend.
unconquered garrison behind
Theme
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of
eminent
with
street,
$300.
word
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pass
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know
not
his wife
him
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atlas, never
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But
I visited
most
lived
He
year.
dispensing
increasingdemand
the
of
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out-of-the-way
an
house.
microscope
of
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of
economies.
other
some
astronomers.
younger
READ
habit
a
the
supply
not
home
the
NOT
dispense with cigarsfor
man,
done
DO
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If this does
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of
PEOPLE
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will
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of
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HINTS
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way.
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and
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pick
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for
out
and
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a
25
has
study
little
librarythan
a
the
of
working
a
of three
it many
brain
well
as
a
"
best
thousand
on
ago,
years
dictionary. The
a
library,and
a
require capital; there
books
; it only requires time
private library, and a fairly
five books
with
Lincoln
not
purposes,
began
year,
for
fireplace
does
in
Abraham
as
provide for the
to
best
write
do
in four
umes
vol-
made;
not
are
odd
salary of
a
commentary
libraries
and
grow.
In
forming
buy what
Library,
Library
"
can
you
the
have
done,
small, do
are
Depend,
Club,
Book
as
"
not
many
of the
the
District
the
Circulating
Buy only what you
friends.
fortunate
more
means
public libraries
on
the
Lyceum,
on
or
library,if your
beg or borrow.
a
greatest authors
borrow.
cannot
At
first
Do
read.
are
for
READ
without
be
was,
your
This
We
we
and
they
ought
editions
volumes;
$i,ooo
of
stomach.
for
one
NOT
time
no
to
more
Lincoln's
man
forecast.
good
no
corner
one
Every
cheap
are
ought
Abraham
as
fireplace,
use
find
can
DO
and
kitchen.
If you
have
but one
dining room
it is lighted by the great wood
fire in the flaming
a
room,
that
THAT
for it.
home
without
did ;
she
or
real heart
PEOPLE
buy only
not
classics,or
One
book
book
is
deluded
be
cheap,
read
into
that
or
is worth
possessed
that
books
till it is read.
get
books
Reference
because
rid of
looked
books
to
they
agent.
an
at.
No
constitute
important exception, to this rule.
of a good library. The
essential
These
the foundations
are
reference books
are
a
pedia.
dictionary,a good atlas, and a cycloAny school atlas will do though, if you are able to
better; and best of all is
purchase it,a good atlas is much
There
wise
is no
best cyclopedia;
selection of atlases.
a
an
exception,
choice
your
and
and
may
dozen
a
books
buying
you
immediately
want
you
must
an
depend
upon
your
pecuniary
resources,
mental.
In
purchasing books
lowest-pricedbooks
books
of transient
exercise
are
interest
not
or
a
choice
in editions.
The
Buy
always the cheapest.
all novels,
minor
importance
"
FOR
HINTS
26
example,
for
PEOPLE
and
THAT
DO
books
current
NOT
travel
of
READ
in
forms.
cheap
"
On
the
all
good
Have
and
better
shelf
of
twice
the
a
useful
household,
one
of
reading.
number
for
taste
A
At
it.
best
Have
reading
well
the
influences
books
is
all,
with
so
is
of
baby
which
to
to
that
for
till
any
it
gets
One
than
library
prerequisite
good
a
and
cellar.
if
use
pine
larger
books.
better
to
no
in
filled
essential
an
from
fine
be
a
attic
time
same
a
preserve
is
from
to
no
cry
together
scattered
accessible
the
make
to
enough
to
shelves
Book
library.
from
water
ing
bind-
spent
make
handsome
will
books
gathered
a
is
pine
dollar
will
skill,
mechanical
for
place
books
Finally,
erally
gen-
good
lumber
A
-library.
your
answered.
prayer
in
bought
well-seasoned
takes
Varnished
one.
parlor.
its
for
little
a
A
be
and
sorts,
library.
place
a
lumber,
It
all
of
should
books,
type.
family
good
classics
histories,
permanent
and
a
hand,
other
they
draw
never
you
to
in
library
the
is
grandmother,
develop
cannot
a
for
taste
be
used.
HOW
TO
Forming
busy people,
find
is to
A
essential
if
and
of
woman
level
the
ture,
litera-
best
books,
than
rather
particular
best
which
books
marks
of
standard
that
for
with
our
accepted
culture
of
world,
the
the
for
dom
wis-
problem
accepted
books
of
polite society,
termed
fathers
the
to
the
best
knowledge
aspire
we
The
acquaintance
are
the
are
general
needs.
man
first, which
out,
which
second,
and,
their
but
indeed,
multiplicity.
increase
to
eager
is wisdom
there
their
by
obscured
BRYAN
J.
of books
multitude
Circle
Study
a
GEORGE
By
IN the
STUDY
the
what
the
of
is
our
literary
profession.
There
yet all open
its kind
of
which
a
them
as
in
life
various
pleasing
being
study.
case,
their
of
book
of
choice
governed
reading
to
lore,
of
profitable
of
by
what
his
of
will
others
keys
as
that
will
Others
our
of
them
tastes
and
27
there
or
are
so,
to
necessary
allure
will
use
serviceable
deepen
into
themselves
of
insight,
for
circumstances,
as
inexhaustible
Each
books
Of
to
us
so
commend
character
best
point
twenty
prove
storehouses
the
of
literary culture.
entertainment.
are
that
are
fascination,
own
excellent
individual
found
group
profound,
a
each
the
be
books
be
to
than
Again,
invaluable
knowledge,
own
that
select
a
companions.
ways
treasures
his
will, by
few
from
it will
and
held
rather
well-rounded,
a
to
universally
are
these
all
down
hundred
a
books,"
best
"
modification
to
them
Peruse
view.
from
lists of
many
are
of
world
make
must
his
individual
but
he
will
be
scarcely
in
pronounced
has
made
Havingshall
shall I
them
young
man
important
more
story, and
exercise,
to
transient
the
of
their
teachers,
the
education
school
publishers,and
"
them, and
for
books
best
read
wisely and well ?
The
thoughtful young
there
that
dimly
in thinking new
it
"
inspiring visions
master-spiritswho
he
But
name.
and
the
what
next
highest
asks:
in order
and
best
satisfactoryanswers
The
and
down
sensible
the
trashier
instead
young
''
How
knows
to
know
may
and
glory
splendid and
can
the
should
I
the
first,
I read
acquirea
But
the
beginning
very
the
taste
wise
for
and
long in coming.
who
reads
only the lighter
that she
is reading herself
that
or
ought to know
questions are
knows
She
he
name
how
them
has
comes
shall
who
show
He
books
woman
books
culture
exhilaration
of literature.?"
these
of
weary
through books, with
of
literature worthy
"What
.?
finished
grow
though
difficulties at
"
kinds
to
of up.
"
and
created
with
questions.
stenographers,
But
shall
communion,
have
a
have
the truest
loftythoughts.
meets
He
of his quest.
of
helpful
ordinary society, and
genuine self-culture and
knows
is satisfaction
and
who
terestin
in-
very
and
who
man
isfactory
sat-
by
thorough,
above
often
preachers
long for progress in the direction of
that
self-improvement. They know
from
wisely reading the best books.
the
the
to
ordinary reading
trivialities of
give
to
clerks, mechanics,
"
you
done
work
of the
maidens
and
men
a
prove
profitableand
most
Study Circle, on a
if necessarilyan incomplete, answer
Intelligentyoung
Did
obtaining light on
least
it will at
are,
of Imperialism
questions
of
following account
method
designed
a
?
questions
intelligentand
an
desirous
you
probably a
the
read
tions
ques-
I read
Franchises.
receive
ever
you
these
woman
young
are
If you
subjects?
these
and
Are
?
answer
dict
ver-
?
than
Did
?
them
ask
ever
the
shall
books
What
?
begin
Municipal Ownership
or
for
general
comprehensively
selection
I read
the
To
the
which
those
books
best
the
on
supreme.
our
arise, Where
How
decide
fairlyread
has
CIRCLE
STUDY
positionto
a
until he
himself
are
A
FORMING
28
"
"
obtain
of, and
knowledge
broader
a
CIRCLE
STUDY
A
FORMING
30
a
love
truer
for, pure
literature.
*
'
This
be studied
weeks,
Six
evenings
to
provides
course
two
and
arranges
each
reading lists,topics
work
The
for
and
specialstudy
by
the
Circle.
five
poetry, and
to
general divisions
of these
thirty-
over
of the
meetings
novels, five
done
Poem.
reaching
for studies
to
be
to
the
and
for sixteen
devoted
are
Under
essays.
Novel,
the
will
literature
English
of
typicalforms
Essay,
the
"
The
"
three
year
given
are
suggestive questions.
members
consists
of
sions
reading, writing essays, and taking part in the discusEach
member
should
at the meetings of the Circle.
should
to the meetings
do the required reading, and
come
with suggestions,helpfulthoughts,questions,and quotations.
full of
The
Syllabus, or outline of study, is particularly
It contains
not
only a general
suggestions and directions.
abundance
but also an
of topics
outline of the entire course,
home
"
for
specialinvestigation.
It
'
blazes
'
the way
wide
to
ing
read-
thought. Long before the first meeting in
and
re-read
be read
the Syllabus should
October
by each
The
member.
suggestions for study are neither too easy
jects
all of them
difficult.
Not
too
apply directlyto the subnor
which
under
They are partlydesigned
they appear.
and
to
serious
bring
the
to
of the
attention
important thoughts on
intended
to
help in teaching
many
They are
studying
'*
books
that
To
make
culture.
we
should
on
the
part in
as
need
been
book,
debate
read
can
to
have
a
make
to
an
Essay,
be
a
make
we
a
or
into the
general
the
cussions,
dis-
literature.
method
best
of
Poem.
attentivelyreading
by carefullyand
It is
chosen
we
Novel,
a
and
members,
progress
in the
a
well-
few
direction
of true
profitable,
reading of a book most
the writing of an
essay
some
object in view
friend, or taking
or
discussing it with some
of us, before
Most
it in a Study Circle.
on
in such a manner
good novel or a great poem
it the
wisely
the
"
of the
means
directed
constantly in the
this Syllabus.
and
minds
greatest
truths
Committee
which
guided.
of
the
self-improvement,
These
have
pared
pre-
A
STUDY
that
are
FORMING
Books
* *
Our
Some
studies
for
provide
that the
best
'
*
or
healthy mind
*
young
that
the
writer
is famihar
We
lieve
beconcerning Hterature.
ture.
study literature is to study litera-
great
a
genuine literature.
like
poem
The
'
Deserted
is just as
Locksley Hall
interesting to a
and
is alleged poetry of the. base
trivial
as
like
great novels
be
can
the
as
person
to
way
'
Jane Eyre
or
which
of
'
that
sort, and
about
believe
We
Village
with
of instruction
31
Books
provides for the study
system
courses
CIRCLE
'
A
Tale
Cities
of Two
'
or
interestingto the average
ephemeral novels of the day which are
made
as
tirely
thousand, but which will be ensellingby the hundred
And
've
so
forgotten in a dozen
attempt a
years.
of great
and
serious
earnest
study of enduring literature
masterpieces not masterpieces that might be considered
but
such
'too
nature's
as
daily food'
good for human
'Vanity Fair,' 'The Idylls of the King,' 'Macbeth,' and
now
"
"
"
*
Kenilworth.'
Literature
"The
basis
this foundation
of
work
our
build
More
and
is
literarymasterpieces. On
of
study that includes some
history,politics,
sociology, theology, literarycriticism,and
other
with our
things. Thus, in connection
many
study of
'
Elsie
Heredity.
we
read
Wars.
and
The
the
but
evening
with
have
the
as
'
The
not
only studied
an
Biglow
'
the
and
'
of
life
"
'
Civil
will show
the
place in which
study literature both as
we
essay
Papers,
author
and
exponent
an
Circle reads
our
history of the Mexican
Kingsley and
Hypatia
period
Thus
of
subject is
the
story is laid.
course
our
discuss
also
and
a
physician
When
members
our
book,
the
'
Venner,
on
that
we
and
the
of
scene
an
growth
out-
personal, social, and
national.
' '
The
arranged
well
as
for the
course
for
those
for those
of
who
present year
have
ample
but
has
been
little time
leisure and
studious
for
carefully
study,
habits.
as
To
the
do
requiredreading
'
of
member
'
who
To
the
present year,
the
books
of
and
names
prices
the
by
done
'
the
and
'
of
study
should
Circle
believe
We
they
for
own
[Their
have
been
high qualityof
of the
they
because
study
daily,
more
or
every
tion
inclina-
and
time
course
the
wisely selected, not only on account
the literature they contain, but also
all be
can
inexpensive editions.
in
obtained
be
required readings.
the
given.]
are
thirtyor
hours
two
of
member
every
constitute
which
average,
have
results from
best
the
secure
an
suggested readings
point the way to the use
earnest
reading and research.
"
on
should
much
'
hints
in
the
that
take,
will
Those
Circle.
the
will find
'
This
daily.
forty minutes
CIRCLE
STUDY
A
FORMING
32
'
Syllabus gives a list of required or necessary
readings. The study of these selections, as stated elsewhere,
will take
daily. All of
only about thirtyor forty minutes
The
* '
*
should
them
be
read
away
and
readings
the
Very
few
the
best
know
novel,
a
poem,
'
Suggested
field of
'
desultory.
young
and
or
Our
for
Hints
Aids
**
'
'
'
of
course
The
member.
study and research, but do not
out a broad
from
the general plan. They map
Required
interestingstudy in harmony with the
the
readingsbroaden
lead
each
by
Study.
Sound
to
*
Reading
people, and
most
approved
an
Circle
Study
of
many
methods
reading
Most
essay.
not
of
age,
reading
is careless
to
attempts
any
teach
a
and
correct
reading masterpiecesof literature. The carefully
prepared Study Suggestions for each evening excite the
spiritof investigationand point the way to proper methods
of study.
They have been arranged by those who
nize
recogof
methods
the proper
and
be broad
that
should
' '
Some
wise
study
of
a
well
general as
members
keeping clippingsand
to the meetings, or to
series
a
at least,uses
of
our
memoranda
each
of
an
poem,
as
essay,
and
specific
Circle
of
or
have
a
novel,
minute.
methods
of
thoughts pertaining
One,
subject or author studied.
envelopes for the
large common
A
FORMING
preservationof these
it will
course,
memorizes
found
be
pertaining to
be
that
The
especiallyfamiliar
become
and
of
the
general conversation.
Leaders
Good
of
course
the leader
efficiencyof
the
outHne
son,
sea-
many
of
of this
success
general
a
reading
Importance
*'
33
bits of informatio
ideas, many
the subjectsstudied, will constantly
in miscellaneous
found
CIRCLE
If,at the beginning of the
notes.
and
masters
one
STUDY
study largelydepends
leaders.
or
with
the
Each
leader
subjectsfor
upon
should
the
particular
evenings of which he has charge. His preparation should
all the required readings and all the suggested topics
cover
for study; it should
enable him to suggo stillfurther and
gest
and
other topics. His
research
thought should have
been
that
broad
so
quickly
any
harmony
with
"
able
be
to
grasp
should
and
"
question, suggestion, or statement
the subject of the evening, that
He
the Circle.
he will
of
grasp
fact, in
from
comes
but few
personallyanswer
questions.
is to be measured
His success
partly by his abilityto guide
control
the discussions, giving to the Circle full opand
portunity
to
answer
questions or amplify suggestions. He
should
be
member
of
a
talk
to
he
It may
necessary
will not
modest
to
take
to
prepare
a
assign
and
ask for
members,
along certain
spoila good
force
that
Any
Circle ; but
discussions
wander
leader
should
do
far
his
to
duty
not
away
a
and
have
to
repress
the
over-
pleasureto
sufficient number
If he
courage
en-
has
of the Circle
in the
discussion, he
of the
suggested topics to
their specialstudy of those topics
some
A
poor
leader
may
not
good leader is a most important
should
see
efficiency. Leaders
degenerate
from
finds it necessary
provide a substitute.
who
him
for
indicated.
inspiration and
for
or
lines
fit moment
intelligentpart
should, in advance,
other
the
part in the debates.
take
that
believe
to
reason
deems
surely be
it will
talkative, as
the
be
peculiarfield, allowing no
firmly stopping the discussion
long, and
too
subject whenever
arrived.
any
his
in
autocrat
an
the
to
into
trivialities or
subject of
be
absent
the
from
tudes,
plati-
evening.
a
ing
meet-
FORMING
34
order
"In
be
seldom,
time
necessary
therefore
three
for
made
to
STUDY
assume
appointed
"
the
leadershipof
that
for the
for
one
study of the novel.
his special preparation one
or
he
of the first meeting of which
Each
that
leaders
and
in
frequentlyit is
It is strange
have
Often
be found.
can
how
of
church
every
some
of
there
should
months
commence
before
the
charge.
considerable
size
elect
^
who
'
person
is not
be
and
for essays,
is to take
the
date
We
lieve
be-
competent
is
woman
a
;
college graduate.
women
or
college-bred men
one
few
every
one
one
course.
give the
meeting.
can
present year
poetry,
two
entire
member
one
any
for the
one
for the
leader
one
that
recommend
leaders
CIRCLE
study Circle ideallyefficient,
vision
pro-
a
however,
It is
We
render
to
should
A
our
a
genuine love for good literature.
Every Circle should have a president,a secretary, and
of the president are
obvious
the
The
duties
a treasurer.
calling of meetings to order, conferring with the leaders,
of the
and
regular leader unless
presiding in the absence
a
**
"
other
act
both
as
touch
with
in
usually a
in
of the
writers
of essays,
on
and
should
should
should
person
secure
keep
a
in
tute
substi-
a
"
burdensome
June,
At
task.
Experience
two
the
should
the secretary
At
year.
having
He
treasurer.
has
kindred, related
a
on
paper
minutes
no
are
of the
son,
sea-
the
study
read.
Suggestions
clearlydemonstrated
read
essays
Social
last
read
regularmeetings
General
**
One
made.
regularly appointed essayist fails to respond.
have
not
charge of the funds of the Circle
case
should
He
and
secretary
the
been
have
arrangements
each
at
topics.
the
Both
meeting.
For
advisabilityof
example,
a
should
be
biographical
of
well
be followed
Tennyson
by a paper on
may
should
be
'The
from
Idylls of the King.' These
essays
fifteen to twenty-five minutes
than twenty
(usuallynot more
be carefullyprepared a
minutes) in length. They should
estimate
sufficient
which
length
they
are
to
of time
be
before
read,
to
the
become
date
of the
seasoned.
meeting at
Being thus
FORMING
made
or
*
member,
other
some
We
'
in
that
believe
CIRCLE
STUDY
advance, they
in
ready
A
read
be
can
the
by
of the absence
case
well-conducted
a
35
secretary
of the writer.
Circle should
Study
meetings each month, and that the sessions should
begin promptly at eight o'clock, and close promptly at ten.
It is proposed to hold our
and
fourth
meetings on the second
Soon
after the meeting is called
Tuesdays of each month.
hold
two
order
the
followed
by
to
With
the
church
church
be
The
annual
' '
'
*
only
Occasional
We
to
have
of
close.
a
The
'
Social, is
'
room
that
the
in
in
the
meetings
regularly be
should
should
the
upon
defray the
should
'
during the
an
may
may
drawn
women,
at
Some
Syllabus or
Socials,'and
line
out-
to
pay
have
to
two
Committee
should
three
or
should
be
provide for
box
singing. A query
(or hat) in
deposited questions, suggestions, or comments,
a
feature
of
the
desire
more
and
The
Novel
examples
of the
the
were
Poem
Thoughts
on
Novels
'
Socials.
*
together by the
evenings become
thoughtful."
Essay, and
Circle.
or
social
follow
*
cents
fifty
the
Light refreshments
season.
will find that the exercises
Here
of
size
of the
cost
it advisable
Entertainment
be
be
be about
expenses.
deemed
recitations,
games,
* '
the second
visitors,however,
of members
somewhat
incidental
served, and
the
duration.
suitable
members
be
conversazione
or
understood
study, to furnish refreshments
Socials
which
other
be
that
dues
is necessary
Money
small
discussion
some
It should
each, depending
of
in
attend.
to
of five minutes
bring the meeting to
meetings, includingthe
parlor, or
should
forty minutes'
some
a
this
welcome.
made
' '
all
public,and
permitted
read, and
then
hold
edifice.
not
are
read, and
would
fortyminutes
best place to
be
intermission
an
be
should
essay
of
discussion
a
without
or
should
first essay
and
to
and
Bright men
erature,
study genuine litof their
conversation
serious, earnest,
more
method
in which
the
and
Novel,
studied.
and
Novel-
' '
writing.
Sug-
FORMING
36
A
STUDY
CIRCLE
of
best methods
gestions for Study: Some
can
study. How
distinguishbetween
you
and
novels
fiction, as
The
?
What
of
"
'
novels
'
'
**
and
?
'
thrillingsituations
"
and
romance,
''novel,"
?
and
tory
his-
biography.?
a
?
novelists
of
Meaning
moral,"
**
of
manners.
Should
?
Mention
?
mean
Do
the
the
same
Suggested Readings: Encyclopedic
"Fiction,"
classes
few
a
moral,
im-
''
great
termingle
philosophical reflections indo you
preferthem to novels of
fiction ;
pure
novel
between
books
and
of character
''feigned
degradation
Difference
'
novels
morally
moral
critical
containing
with
and
best
well-written
bad
unmoral
'
a
are
vice
novels
and
incident
is
sense
novels
satire, life, and
the
and
reading
the various
Consider
Are
novels
of
?
sentiment,
novel.
scenes
decadent
of
what
In
class
depict
incident
novels
historical
"
*'
of
novel
"Romance."
See
words
fiction,'^
'*
?
articles
Poole's
"Novel,"
on
Index
odical
Peri-
to
Literature.
'
and
of Sentiment."
the Novel
'Jane Eyre
tions
Suggesrank
for Study: Life of Charlotte
Her
Bronte.
as
a
novelist; perception of character; lack of restraint; lack of
Is "Jane
humor.
spect
reEyre"
autobiographical? In what
advance
in the developthis novel mark
does
a decided
ment
"
of the
novel
of the
system
day
new
forth
What
?
truth
is the
given in a short
and
redeeming
How
meant
the
novels
of
a
few
teaching
of
true
the
social
of
?
and
literature
great novels
the
What
book,
day
toas
purity, loveliness,
?
allowed
"
"power
of many
novels.
tion
proporWhat
Bronte.
is
literature.?
authors
?
Required Reading: "Jane Eyre."
Suggested Reading: Life of Charlotte
Does
life of
as
be
novels
great authors
?
depicted in
injurious? What
love
become
should
"
the
Consider
}
power
read
to
part of the
greatest moral
reading
by "knowledge
Is it better
a
rights
"
sidered
con-
was
to-day
woman's
"
social
the
respect it
considered
so
of
became
passage
our
in what
out
it be
novel-reading
may
of
Point
prophecy
a
radical
and
?
toward
is its attitude
Would
immoral.
it shadow
What
?
or
all
Idylls
***
the
Is
this
kingly duty.
thought of an
the
?
the poems
earlier
and
the
and
of the
substance
the soul
of
character
"
"
' '
;
Poetry
' '
and
composition of
Arthur
of
music
rhythm,
the
Consider
other
between
of sin.
forms
other
the
Is
real
a
have
writers
poet
of
master
a
and
Poets.
and
Elaine
of
"
etc.
qualitiesthat
Aims
taught.^ Correct
Passing of
differentiate
of
methods
reading.
in
the
music, painting,
to
poetry and
of
love
is
from
it
methods
and
of poetry
relation
Can
The
* *
Study: What
for
Poetry gives enjoyment,
oratory.
;
The
''
;
Suggestions
poetry.
The
"
of Arthur
''Idylls."
the
All
"
essential
of poetry.
endurance,
Coming
' '
Dedication.
need
Our
study
Was
What
The
'*
Its
prose.
?
sin and
with
of illustrations.
legends f
Suggested Readings:
poetry ?
the
poems,
Arthur.
Required Readings :
Lancelot
Holy Grail
;
*'
on
ambition, false love and
Is
present age.
?
verse
Arthur
the
contains
history,allegory, conflict
King
in
story
poem
conflict
' '
richness
Arthurian
the
the
The
of the
also
style of
poems,
false
and
treated
age
' '
of diction
beauty
blank
teachings.
Consider
king?
The
Profounder
long did the poet work
Are
they real
Idylls
How
fate "?
Treatment
''great picture of man's
a
poem
Consider
Study:
history,allegory,or parable?
of chivalry, of loyalty,of
a
poems
?
epic
true
a
the
Are
poems.
for
Suggestions
poet's information.
the
of
Sources
King.'"
the
of
CIRCLE
STUDY
A
FORMING
38
teaches
and
duty,
be
literature
other
How
study
to
a
poem.
Stedman's
Suggested Readings:
of
on
Poetry."
Gummere's
Handbook
"
Nature
Elements
and
of Poetics.
"
Articles
poetry in cyclopedias.
The
**The
Rise
and
Study: Beginnings
in
"
Rome,
Plutarch.
in France.
Its esteem
Fall
and
Essay
of
the
Essay."
development
The
among
essay
the
of the
in ancient
Suggestions
essay
times
in
"
for
Greece,
-Seneca,
its lapse during
classicists;
the
mediaeval
how?
its
The
height
position
to-day.
factor;
an
Decline
tracts
the
"A
anything
'
'
with
that
of
of
temper
opinion
"
and
'
the
'
we
?
In
find
?
Do
maketh
Reading
Required
you
ode
at
with
man,"
:
the
?
essay
subject;
Lobban's
His
Latin,
pithy,
of
indicator
the
characteristic
beginning
?
Wise
Seeming
of
for
epigrams
Why
essays
use
striking
etc.
"Of
of
predilection
what
essays,
or
Bacon's
an
owe
ship
Friend-
type
thought.
thirteen
he
"
grasp
?
them
of
Did
on
his
Are
His
agree
Readings
of
essayist."
full
articles.
tions
Sugges-
?
essay
His
classics.
a
school
his
trend
above
Some
and
Essayist."
any
successors.
His
influence.
its
Contrast
/le think
did
?
temporary
Encyclopedic
Contrast
purpose;
is
inadequate
Essay
the
Montaigne.
to
man.
What
Prose."
follow
"typical
? What
9).
and
Bacon
epigrams.
coming
"
feeling;
Vol.
Man
the
and
inant
dom-
a
essay.
whether
"
"The
English
English
obligation
learned
do
of
his
of
typical
of
Did
that
with
and
Mabie's
Montaigne
to
the
as
definition
where,
"
Bacon,
Study:
of
mission
and
America;
editorials
coffee-house
''
Book
"Francis
in
"
('* Bookman,
Henley's
where,
England;
Johnson's
Readings:
Essayists"
for
Dr.
The
Suggested
the
39
when,
"
newspaper
when,
essay
in
power
;
is
permanent?
or
its
Modern
Why
of
of
regeneration
"
'*
?
essay
its
epoch;
CIRCLE
STUDY
A
FORMING
"
;
"Of
Studies."
Suggested
Further
Memoirs
essays
and
Readings:
by
Notes.
these
'
'
Life
of
authors.
Bacon.
Life
"Bacon's
of
Montaigne.
Essays
with
HOW
The
CLEVER
studies,
make
them,
of
emptiness
that
truer
wisdom
is the
teaches
No
poet.
So
the
wise
and
long
ago,
with
the
"
final
as
one
to
the
and
learn
most
the
men
cannot
higher
the
of
crafty
who
use
work
arts,
of
a
great
all
of
said
from
a
"
analytical
**
in
problem
study,
a
deep
40
in
and
true
able
the
as
said,
it
ciples
prin-
and
paint
to
a
man
studies,"
them
for
professor
cannot
English
When
one
a
One
make
one
arithmetic.
we
that
it is that
text-book
sum
of
contemn
certain
"
doing
be
noted
a
is
in
study,
beyond
and
;
all
will
**
look
them
taught
when
merchant.
poetry
action
it
come
may
not
yet
of
study
ness,
useful-
own
through
study
a
the
characteristics
the
and
art
Hterature,"
be
of
amount
man
men
advanced
satisfaction
would
of
amount
''English
value.
No
if
which
system
of
words
its
This,
any
a
teach
from
above
studiousness
lesson
observation.
of
of
their
and
the
men
not
them
are
not
wise
teach
they
years
region
make
schools
and
picture.
a
a
painting
study
methods
a
will
barter
by
despise
them,
without
It does
use.
own
*
These
a
defect
its
not
'
says,
important
lies
Bacon,
to
admire
wisdom
a
most
by
great
of
can
its
won
one
he
taught
beyond
learn
is
'
study.
mere
gives
and
'
Yet,
there
been
had
who
man
'
much
observation."
by
won
according
too
men
'
that
STODDARD
action,
ignorant
but
use,
own
of
men
Poetry
HOVEY
of them.
use
of
Study
FRANCIS
By
STUDY
TO
can
their
not
even
get
literature
applied
make
it,
leaves
mere
prose
OF
there
POETRY
is
41
wisdom
a
beyond, which
alone.
the
deepest things in poetry be learned
study. Poetry deals with feeling,which study excludes.
to
belong exclusivelyto the
Study, indeed, seems
be of the intellect and not of the
to
habit; it seems
write
of the
in
of the
not
poetry,
nor
put all the
in prose
can
called
observation, which
which
immediate
comes
wisdom
higher
of
revelation
a
of that
us
the
in
book
text-
Beyond
of
most
not
can-
a
born
apprehension
as
in
ever
of poetry.
secret
lies the
insight, that
spirit. We
we
always
Bacon
relations
and
mind
text-book
a
text-book
which
can
be
to
written
call
that
of all
emotions;
the
surer
by study
not
Least
by
STUDY
the
one
Cometh
THE
now
highest
inspired
our
moments.
In
spite
of all this the
function, and
use
it most
of
all arts
to
* '
''
will
help
which
no
Hand-book
Science
Stedman:
he
of
He
as
these
has
found
Nature
the
be
poetry that
:
essays
Dryden
"
to
the
Macaulay's
how
to
difficult
most
'
hoped
as
"Celtic
"
as
''Last
Poetry,"
; and
the
"
and
Lanier
;
:
EngHsh Rhythms
of Poetry."
lent
Excel-
help
' '
'
"
he has
much
'
Metrik
read
and
find the
to
' '
Poetry
them
the
that
technique
of
secret
from
;
poetry.
writings
Matthew
on
Arnold's
Words
on
''Introduction
Introduction
lating
Transthe
to
to
phry
Hum-
English Poets"; Emerson's
Essays: "The
Wordsworth's
"Poetry and
Imagination";
and
on
when
text-books, such
of Wordsworth
Introduction
*'
Elements
TranslatingHomer,
Ward's
Poet"
he
where
Homer,"
Poetry
Guest:
'
history of poetic forms,
not
are
;
lament
likelyto get
On
'*
"
of
Beginnings
Schipper :
;
and
he may
are
poetic method,
Essays
' '
The
' *
:
Poetry
English Verse
"
will
Gummere
:
of
of
of the
one
show
books
study, so difficult that it has had few textcomplete exposition. The inquirer searching
find only a few hand-books, the most
useful of
these
are
is
important
an
of this article to
purpose
effectively.Poetry
and
for
it is the
study of poetry has
*'
; and
the
"
art
Lyrical Ballads
of
Essay
many
poetry;
on
a
; Poe's
Aristotle's
Milton";
passage
"
Lowell's
of illuminative
strikinglittle
"Rhetoric";
"Essay
comment
on
from
Milton, from
poetry the
from
Pope,
another.
many
For
best
OF
STUDY
THE
42
from
Dryden,
who
one
has
introduction
pleasurable reading
POETRY
of
study
its
to
much
well
may
from
read
the
be
all, of these
of
or
some,
and
known
not
and
Coleridge
works,
such
that
reading is not study, but
though remembering
done
of work
by others, useful
only the reviewing of records
is to
mainly as a preparation for the real study which
follow.
all these
From
get
definition
a
the
to
have
authors
Yet
from
and
find
is
which
songs
rowers
the
in
a
boat
oarsman's
his
words
war
and
of his
of
gesture
all
body.
So
For
fitted itself to
this
voicing
and
was
the
hence
but
if he
sounds
came
distinguishesit
of
"
forms
his
slower
the
warrior
moving
elegy.
the
to
In
the
When
rhythmic,
the
When
dance, and
war
night,tone
with
and
pression
ex-
are
emotions.
fire at
chants
give
to
earliest
danced
the
and
accents
moaned
or
camp
is
Poetry began when
into harmony
fitting
the
completely
cannot
simplest
the dead
poetry
outpassing prose
which
Its
he
came
define;
primal expressions this
sang
his
these
as
can
became
swinging oars
naturally followed.
around
triumph.
mourner,
the
his enemy,
song
may
its satisfactions.
emotion,
rhymes.
the
chant
overcame
savage
and
its limits
action, while
mind
and
stresses
accompany
were
likelyto
One
the mind
than
its
body, first
joy or sorrow.
his
to
himself
element
his
swaying
man,
of
of alliterations
measures,
for
poetry
In
rhythm.
rhythm
a
after
is pure
essential
one
be
not
satisfyhim.
feel
its power
know
can
will
poetry is such
prose-forms of
one
prose
mainly
and
will
must
of
are
The
define it.
sang
which
higher manifestations
Hmits.
and
student
more
for definitions
in its
a
done,
feel
can
a
with
The
plummet.
student
expression as parallels
ideal by means
of some
rhythmic
Poetry is not
complete definition.
with
a
measuring line or sounded
the
this is not
bounded
be
One
and
the
that
truth
real
But
form.
of poetry
with
indeed
say
works
the
ment
move-
of work
songs
of
moan
and
and
tation
lamen-
fro
of the
its first expression
inarticulate, half action, half music, dumbly
emotion
through
the
senses
; its
rhythms
were
THE
all for the
and
ear
representationof
It became
OF
STUDY
little
it had
when
poetry
43
beyond the crude
meaning
simple human
some
it put
work, of delight in victory,or
of
desire and
grief.
thrill of
exultation
a
loss
griefat
by death,
in
into
form
rhythmic
There
tangible to the senses.
grew
thereafter a body of rhythmic forms
lines, stanzas, accents,
These
forms
the
rhythms, verbal harmonies.
are
some
up
"
outward
dress
of poetry,
and
rightly be the first subject
the student's
of poetry
study. We properly give the name
such
verses
Poe's
as
Southey's "Lodore,"
Bells,"
Lanier's
Song of the Chattahoochee," which do little
of
to
may
**
''
or
than
more
sing
rhythms
ultimate
bell
the
or
of the
the
brook
to
our
river, that
or
be
handbooks
of the
be
would
These
for the
verses,
and
chanted,
Since
the
older
verse,
ear,
is
minor
* '
Through
all poetry,
that
poems
read
Greek,
that
all the
' '
they
the
or
*'
than
intended
were
rhythms
are
' *
real
to
tening
lis' '
Tales."
modern
any
be
to
or
Beowulf,
Canterbury
this purpose
for
or
cer's
English of Chauto be independent
ear
the
or
were
the
or
Odyssey
Lied"
sung
the
or
senses.
of
or
simpler type,
such
as
''Hiawatha."
is
mainly
form
of
poetry of the
of
of the
poems
really a primal
Science
many
aloud, the
poetry, which
call it the
sound
yond.
greater, far be-
could
his
the
does
in
one
brook
but the
poem,
versification,by reading aloud,
modern
''Evangeline"
Such
If
quickly train
reason
so
studied
the
the
of us this
language bars out for most
the early ballads, the lyricsof the
read
can
we
as
spoke mainly to the
time, when
yet verses
some
or
in the
something
to
High German,
better
barrier
Elizabethan
ear,
merely
universal, as
is best
''Nibelungen
the
the
up
on
read
one
as
or
Old
or
could
he
day,
hear
we
chanted.
or
sung
Anglo-Saxon,
it is not
of sound,
of which
large harmony of nature
the bell is only the single strain.
leading through nature
This
rhythm
to
harmonies
Yet
particularit suggests
written
the
ears
of nature.
the
or
of that
echoing
"
POETRY
English
hand-books
Verse
is
besides
and
verse
we
may
charm
the
properly
In
senses.
"
delightand
to
a
studying it Lanier's
delightfulcompanion and
those
named
above, such
as
found
are
such
of versification
the
Yet
aloud
pathway
student
is for each
of
accounts
rhetoric, will
on
chanted,
sung,
of Ancient
*'
Pied
Piper," and
There
pulsations of
the
aloud
read
and
When
begun
unable
when
even
could
wish;
there
is
the
something
him
most
but
to
to
with
out
the
together,explain
But
just
in
more
These
the forms
how
in
proportion
rhythms, and can
these
of metrical
teaches
not
its
own
the
to
how
chords
him
the
the
produce
student
and
that
he
there
parts
forms, and
ods,
the methare
woven
subtle
that
this
in
tions
varia-
study
something beyond
realize
is
mit
per-
learned
or
that
harmonies.
the
becomes
distinguish minute
does
hand-books
the
he
as
length
at
They analyze
only.
of its
read, it
we
student
the
deal with
books
structure,
use
swing
pleasantcompanions,
poetry than
the
as
the
make
aid to
come
show
meters,
It should
avail.
will not
been
intimate
reading of amphi-
of
much
as
will
fact
consider.
of them
work
give
this
sings to us as
of its rhythms.
have
as
planets are
get a feeling
it
message
text-books
far the
Thus
the
teach
to
getting
throbbing
will become
to
way
possibleto
as
him
Let
the
through
than
dactyls
perfectlyclear.
verses
News,"
of the
this, months
much
as
Browning's
mind,
of poetry
other
no
poetry
trochees
and
brachs
through
movements
is
Without
acquaintance.
of life
system
rhythmic
the
as
for the
be
can
Macaulay's
as
than
book.
hand-
a
as
*'Marmion,"
rather
metrical
astronomer.
an
of
quickening
the
need
poems
such
ear;
come
be-
senses
They Brought the Good
the
Light Brigade."
senses
in the
him
real to
the
to
such
read
his
longer
no
If the
apparent.
poetry that
Scott's
How
''
for the
; then
rhythms
spoken
Charge
*'
reward
the
let him
Rome,"
Lays
become
language
simplicity of
the
and
will
he
its music,
or
*'
Tennyson's
read mainly
will
of this
much
this purpose
For
the technical
Then
its terrors
good poetry
so
The
alone.
tread
problems of meter
best plan is to read
of the
mastery
lose
responsiveto
has
the
quantity.
read
will
student
be
to
will
books
construction
for
are
shorter
in works
found
as
to
considerable
a
the
to
of the
some
assistance.
give
of
schools, and
in most
POETRY
OF
STUDY
THE
44
their
and
OF
STUDY
THE
46
of
catalogues
pentameters, hexameters,
the student
But
POETRY
for himself
can
push
andrines.
alex-
or
his observation
of
the
the
to
come
higher
poetry
beyond, and
form
be forgetfulof the mere
and
he can
imagination, where
his spirit
disdainful
of the merely logicalrelations, where
can
face to face the truth
it were
see
beyond the seeming.
as
and
This
is the poetry of the spirit,
as
a revelation
ought to come
lyricsuch
*'
Shelley's
as
such
in
or
Arden,"
abnegation
wail
some
or
pure
tasy
fan-
Coleridge's
or
of human
some
mystical
some
"
Rookh
story
some
"Enoch
Tennyson's
"
'*Lallah
in
or
first find it in
may
Skylark,
*'
Moore's
as
Christabel,"
as
He
searcher.
the
to
of
a
such
soul in
outburst
of exultant
pain, as in Shelley's Adonais," or in some
griefsuch as Whitman's
''Captain,My Captain," or
revelation of the unseen
in some
potencies close about us as
in Browning's ''Saul," or in som'e vision of the mystery of
Childe
Roland
the
this our
to
earthly struggle such as
"
"
Came, "or
Tower
Dark
stilled
never
of
' '
Feast
lines
question such
Immortality.
some
' '
hints
Dryden
at
of the
answer
Wordsworth's
as
When
poetry in its highest
to
come
in
he
thus
In
use.
*'
his
great functions
two
spiritto
Ode
finds
on
a
mations
Inti-
it he
has
"Alexander's
of
poetry in the
:
"
He
raised
She
drew
a
an
mortal
angel
to
the
skies,
down."
parallelthe actual with the ideal,
to cast
an
earthlylandscape something of a heavenly
upon
of the spirit. The
glow, to interpretearthlythings in terms
lifts a mortal
to the skies, thinking the
poetry of the senses
singing
higher than itself as the poet muses,
thought of one
the song
of an
angelic choir in harmony with the rhythm
The
office of poetry
of the
verse.
of the
angels
speak
The
the
The
down
music
is to
poetry of the spiritbrings the message
to
of this
highest type
men
and
makes
the
harmonies
they
earthly life.
of poetry
lends
itself perfectly
to earnest
it is usuallybetter
to
profound study. In class work
study poets as well as poems, and to study thoroughly a few
works
of a great master.
Poetry is essentiallya synthetic
and
THE
it unites the
art ;
make
to
also
is best
succession
on
small
number
and
spirits
will not
one
them, for
season's
a
assistance
in
for
to
and
Let
of
Abbey,"
"
**
"We
Reaper," *'Lucy,"
ferences
con-
be
pendent
de-
positively
he
as
have
make
read
If there
is
his choice
by
rapidly,and
for
whose
titles
over;
such
them
Un visited,"
Seven,"
are
influenced
poetry.
scans
Yarrow
is of great
progressive.
of Wordsworth
poems
him
to
him
and
to
seem
is the final test
familiar
works,
will
here be
it
study
to
of his
"
of author
cannot
which
poems
singleimpression, the
**Tintern
choice
study definite
preliminaryexamination.
most
six to ten
leader, let the student
no
classes
Intelligentdirection
the
men
class, and
student
most
most
us
go
work.
making
move
brings
astray in choosing Wordsworth,
Longfellow, or Whittier, or three of
first of all the
Choose
who
three, the subject of the
or
considerations
many
Tennyson, Browning,
as
hearts
interpretation,and
say
"
The
week.
each
advised, but
seem
47
our
one
For
for
least,two
at
or
one,
its art.
single poet
a
a
for
the
of
great poet is the
understand
take
to
making
a
desires
wandering
that the
so
directlyto
no
POETRY
single and enduring impression. Poetry speaks
mood, the aspiration and the deepest intent of its
the
men,
OF
one
author,
in
STUDY
"The
"Solitary
Intimations
' '
of Delight, and a
She was
Phantom
a
Immortality,
few
let him
read
of the lyricalballads; then
Tennyson's
"The
"Locksley Hall," "Maud,"
Idylls of the King,"
of
and
"Saul,"
"
of the
few
a
Abt
"
shorter
Passes,"
one
to
volume
the
"Men
and
read
Browning's
Grammarian's
Dark
dramas,
two
or
let him
poems;
Vogler," "The
Roland
Childe
in the
"
Tower
and
Came,"
few
a
Women."
Funeral,"
of the
Then
"
brief poems
let him
which
have
study, taking those poems
stirred him, those which he remembers
vividlyafter his
his
list for
own
those
which
student
makes
making
it,begun
or
be
his
get from
whith
have
each
really poetry,
become
choice
his
his
part of himself.
frankly and
study.
Then
leader, if he
poem
its
a
is to
has
answer
study ought
to
Pippa
make
most
ing,
readIf the
sincerely,he has,
let him
frame
in
self
for him-
list of the tions
quesIf the work
for him.
a
one,
give
a
help
toward
the
'
?"
souls
our
three
questions:
does
it make
the
does
it
bring
to
fitted
for
better
the
senses
the
minute
variations
the
and
aid if this work
investigationin
be
so
that
each
as
the
poet
the ideal
real with
So
in the
but
half
lines
music
than
rather
assimilation
burden
Poetry differs
from
typical line,
the
gets his effects,
a
If
other.
instance,
took
may
it,and
into
of the
In
a
what
the
few
thoughts
In all
problem
But
as
all
class the
will
one
by
come
find
he
; the
left in the
is
poem
of the
the
was
should
class
can
conferences
and
mind
things practice may
choose
the
King,"
the
as
it for
one
thoroughly
be
for
poet
This
us.
subject for
and
definite
should
of each
the
transcends
story
made
be
We
sight with
excellent
an
that
so
known.
of the
"Idylls
transformed
has
of the
one
question.
thought
prose
the
music
notes.
second
made
of.
subtle
moving
is the
in what
undreamed
a
it lifts the
in that
clearly worked-out
will be
and
some
as
before
of the
bears
questions
that sections
the
rhythms
sound, and
studying the
fitlyask what
thought
The
work.
grouped
phase of
that
are
we
study
class
we
definite
as
Then
it.
harmony
music
prose
to
monies.
har-
laboratory.
highest relations and suggestionsare
have
to
a right therefore
parallelthe
and
vowel
and
its
poetic visions
at
over
gone
be
of the
re-echoes
this
Let
the
work.
perceived sings itself out
What
How
by analysis. Poetry parallelsthe
to make
sound
"
question is
investigation,
be
made
home
?" ;
us
How
in company.
shy
be
;
"
first
consonant
conceived
lines the
the
aloud
reads
have
must
?
poem
"
sympatheticallyshown,
whole
as
a
comprehend the poem
will
student
class
poet
should
of the poem
large divisions
for
scientific
a
student's
the
of each
The
the meter,
the
It will
should
this
which
hearts,
our
senses
structure
out
alliterations,the
an
as
and
work
by
ask
to
"
and
the
metaphors,
exact
than
organs
of form
the student
Let
poetry?" and,
senses,
our
of life?
private study
matters
right
is
things clearer for
of
delicate
our
it charm
renewal
a
What
''
life of
a
does
meaning
being
home.
have
How
us
the
to
We
' '
POETRY
OF
problems:
is its revelation
What
and
first great
of the
solution
'
STUDY
THE
48
or
so
so
another
directed
unified
poetic
student.
fitly
supplement precept.
In
1
reading
circle of which
i
member
the poems
49
of the editors
one
of
POETRY
OF
STUDY
THE
Tennyson
of this series
studied
were
by
in this article.
:loselyresembHng that advocated
the topics and
of the
questions for one
acted as leader.
lere
given. One of the members
read.
was
issay reciting the history of the poem
;ire poem
:lass.
read
was
Then
in turn
ittention
to
by
joined, and
eader
gathered
the close
at
a
of
' '
Hall
had
poems
discussions
A
brief
The
en-
of
the
as
the
summing
thought.
' '
are
sented
pre-
given especial
brief
and
gestion
sug-
up
entire
by
Hall
Locksley
the
Sixty
' '
Locksley Hall
Lady Clara Vere
' '
:
"
After
Years
very
the threads
up
Required Readings
Mxty
a
who
In the
topics.
Locksley
' '
i^ears After.
of students
groups
:lass
Topic :
As
aloud
of the
one
method
a
of the members
by one
discussed
topicsgiven below were
the
was
' '
;
"
;
* '
"
Vere
de
Hall
Locksley
;
"Sir
jalahad."
In
Suggested Readings:
Ulysses
'*
3oem,
and
later poem,
^ith the
Dy
"
Ths
"
with
Voices,"
Two
";
Maud
"
connection
Memoir
"
the
in
of
earlier
connection
Tennyson,."
Hallam
Lord
Tennyson.
Suggestions for Study: (A)
The
basis
physical
of the
)oem.
Study
vhat
Lowell's
rom
this
does
way
rime,"
Browning's
from
The
''
and
in what
Crisis," Swinburne's
''There's
i' the
Blot
resemble
meter
Present
'*
Octameter
called Trochaic
Why
the meter.
woman
a
"), and
Scutcheon
' '
like
"
way
?
In
differ
Triumph of
dewdrop
Browning's
"
a
Mrs.
peculWhy is this meter
?
How
of
the sentiment
Locksley Hall
that of Mrs.
differ in effect from
loes the meter
Julia Ward
of the
''Battle
Bryant's
riowe's
Republic" and
Hymn
and
Flowers"
of the
'The
Death
Tennyson's
"May
of the
Rhyme
arly adapted to
'
3ueen
0
"?
the
Nhy
are
Duchess
Is the
pessimism
?
"
*'
rhythm optimisticas opposed
and why ?
the
Triumph of Time,
this poem
so
easilycarried in the mem-
effect of the
of
the lines of
)ry.? What
May
is there
* '
' '
in
the
use
of words
which
gives such
sweetness
the
to
for you
poem
music
a
of
secret
this
one
of its
own
The
(B)
music.
which
out, if you
Find
vision?
them
reads
as
verses
POETRY
OF
STUDY
THE
50
haunts
Hke
you
intellectual
membered
re-
a
of the
something
can,
the
Has
?
aloud
of the
interest
poem.
of difficult passages,
meaning
the
Consider
(i)
such
as
Explain the meaning of stanzas
Fairy tales of science."
of
the chord
containing the following quotations: Smote
*'That
sorrow's
be the social wants";
Cursed
a
self";
the
of
sorrow"; *'But
crown
jingling of the guinea";
"
**
**
**
Slowly
comes
How
(2)
of the
of
poem
was
later
long
above
trend
two
and
less
is it told?
' '
After
of
?
Why
the
Locksley Hall
?
Describe
Sum
What
lightis
thrown
on
?
against Amy
and
her
husband
?
anguish
Does
If so,
do
you
Amy
to
marry
wishes
and
Did
the
you
think
he
ever
with
agree
she
as
love
hero's
was
what
Edith
what
he
admit
him
?
influenced
intellectual
of them
When
in
obedience
conflict,which
the
greatest, Amy's,
For
judge
judged them
altogether? Was
prophecies come
?
by
true
or
?
many
Whose
his, or
persons,
be
the
poem
How
side ?
his outbursts
of
Amy
his
it well
to
should
side
first
harshly ?
that he
evil
you
emotional
fair to
says
tions
sugges-
regarding
of his love
it be
dence,
resi-
tells of himself
the
the
as
the character
did
in
are
Is
?
from
there
all through the
does Tennyson
(4) How
life ?
parable of human
influence of the poem.
(C) The emotional
poem
is the
seashore
a
hero
the
suggestions are
Would
by
or
surroundings
the
up
inland
an
finely balanced
as
earlier
and in what
manner
poem,
in *" Sixty Years
story continued
is the
poems.
hero
or
story in the
love-story. What
of Amy
characters
and
the
style
immensely popular. Why
popular ?
lapse
is
his
and
writing
The
why
in the
change
any
in
?
Was
and
the
of time
the
indicate
How
?
between
elapsed
Does
?
poems
is the
(3) What
interval
an
thought
one
comes,
lingers."
wisdom
but
people"; "Knowledge
hungry
a
for
parental
followed
?
love do
squire's?
make
it
a
has this
Tennyson,
out
THE
of
simple love-story,has
a
Has
he
for you
of this
out
For
simple story
passion with
and
?
a
vision
of this
tragedy
when
he
life
better
life
to
that
as
the
with
the
come,
love.
poetry
of
for
be
to
come
tale
the
vivid
life,so
ideal
made
Tennyson
paralleled
completer
of
prophecy
a
persons
present
preparation for the
earthly
the
pain
but
us
the
sings
poet
to
that
us
"
made
many
of
51
POETRY
OF
STUDY
Through
And
the
the
increasing
one
ages
of
thoughts
men
runs
purpose
widened
are
of
process
the
suns."
Has
he
truer
conception
to
like
in
you
of the
Systematic study
in
answering
us
?
"
and
the
'
?"
it records
events
the
life.
arid
that
reader,
out
teach
by moving
its
student
lesson
own
whole
life made
and
higher blessings
for
them.
remembering
shall
We
always
that
us
to
Class
aid
teach
welcome
in
of
and
than
find
it may
the
the
at
Angel
perament
tem-
the
of
work
to
in that
it
It will
the
and
will
done
work,
their
own
it
ens
quick-
great poem
a
finding
not
the
pathetically
sym-
terpretat
in-
truest
The
use.
as
little children
highest
uses
of poetry
its best
come
if
unbidden
"
Singing
matter
emotions.
with
brighter.
to
come
nobler
tions
ques-
quickens
a
author
the
into
formal
poem
prose
sympathy
studies
for
appreciative reader,
sincerely, will
Yet
hope
the
to
gets fully into
who
his
feel its
to
us
beyond
passes
this poem
a
rather
feel its power
to
Poetry
the
of
help
frame
much
so
both
emotion,
has
one
logically.
life
have
of
is
will
meaning
how
show
poem
a
deeper
a
will
which
of
influence
put
has
it is difficult to
But
to
answers
The
it
does
charm
a
?
above
suggested
What
* '
given
poem
of poetry
use
that
as
questions,
How
*
and
nature
such
this
through
manner
of
pilgrims
we
to
light
of the
night."
us
as
in
an
HOW
IT has
us
a
novel
is
suggests
of
rather
take
other
show
they
when
readers
of
fiction
reading
of
history,
in
romances;
they put
'
literature
libraries
be
'
that
the
that
gained
for
not
very
be
clear
fiction
of
of
In
stories
when
criticism, of
*
the
serious
'
founder
one
less
of
than
attitude
a
on
draw
to
hardly
is
the
two
to
seems
to
habit
be
ered,
consid-
to
be
erated
tol-
encouraged.
toleration,
former
distinction
and
is
of
restrictions
novel
no
general
The
compared
circles.
The
that
proud
urge
oppose
By
reports.
advise
proportion
books
they
;
ing
read-
be
to
of
special
useful
work
the
of
as
actually happened
was
of
is made
condition
tolerated.
lists
reading
to
fiction
professional
than
in
study
the
than
this
place
of
They
poetry,
they
bought.
serious
rather
Even
be
of
and
days
to
apt
the
that
hour,
and
and
lessened.
earnest
proposal
shall
and
to
fiction
to
the
old
years
forth
back
novels,
philosophy,
;
books
of
most
summer
are
year
somewhat
preference
novel-reader
a
idle
the
in
of
than
of
end
of
biography,
piazza
the
connect
To
an
Librarians
literature
is
for
guardians
trial.
the
at
to
easy
novel-reading.
cottage
a
a
been
amusement
appointed
is
fiction
to
on
the
To
rest.
with
appropriate
an
STODDARD
years
study
hammock
a
readers
recent
of serious
notion
Novel
HOVEY
FRANCIS
till very
not
the
of
Study
By
STUDY
TO
that
the
which
novel
52
with
is
however,
its
days
between
is not
it
earlier
was
that
which
its
in
standing
rather
in accord
first made
something
dreaded
has
with
appeal,
not
truth
and
A
novel
good
It becomes
composite biography.
a
story of
it tells the
because
novel
is
NOVEL
THE
OF
STUDY
54
life.
a
If veritable
a
raphy
biog-
always be written, if the story of an actual life
out
lived could
always be told by an ideal biographer, withence
malice
and without
extenuation, with inter-playof influcould
as
and
association, the
tous
such
few
who
builded
The
few.
choke
riches
histories, far
in its best
of
writes
studied
his
broad
hero,
the
life,and
in
he
knew.
in
is broader
the
told
novel
the
thus
the
vexed
soul
livingitself upward through
the
while
drama
commandments,
is
necessary
as
to
to
the
use
military march, while,
but
are
undramatic
It is both
less and
.
It is less in that the
any
but
a
artist,be he
creation
final touch
ever
of his
portraitwhich
into whose
a
pattern, the
whose
know
So
web
the
novel
outlines
Hardy,
cymbals
life's calm
to
a
deeps
artist draws
have
motives
print
rightlymoves
realitycan
been
for
biography.
be
themselves
us,
it is
given
is after all
it is
a
showing
threads
woven
of which
for
us,
novel
the
never
in that
it is more,
fancy;
the
of
these
than
more
essentially
are
to that which
skillful,
so
of existence
secret
of broken
Thomas
comedy.
whole
are
regions of livingthat
though palpitantwith life,and of
is the fit historian
by
crash
years,
in
lightlyskimmed
There
a
Its scope
serene
of
hand,
the other
on
The
clash
is the
as
as
become
has
the
happy phrase of
tragedy
field
story of the quiet, un-
of action.
speak
must
the
days
absolute, for the
that
us
his
a
relations.
less
who
unhampered
has
drama
reason
can
in
is
novel
artist
an
him
who
novel
though
tell
by
with
and
with
drama,
The
romances.
lived
common
of
most
The
story.
deceitfulness
historical than
most
has
by some
they are
But
the
less
biography
who
told
A
The
literature,of human
great exponent,
than
knows,
taken.
biographer speaks.
achievement,
tellingof
as
than
propinqui-
be
us
and
even
real
a
passion, trial,or
in the
the
becomes
is
estate
than
when
unreal
more
of
one
of this world
word
would
novel
the
better
cares
the
he
biography
has
each
biographies
Boswell
very
field of
and
intention
desire, of circumstance,
he
only
upon
our
begotten
can
to
posite
coma
life
form
fully
memory.
of
desire.
and
is
in its higheststate
biography touched
In
real
and
rare,
life the
Yet
rare.
motive.
and
One
may
say
that
passion
and
story of
a
we
novel
has
all love
the
novel
basis
novel
a
is
its haven
the
to
a
novel
life.
a
than
Islands
the
game,
The
last
of the
this of rest
and
Blest
us
as
we
is the
since
a
love.
love
all
we
of love
triumphant
Kipling sings,
taking
**
heroine
and
it
keeps us
no
other
how
the
tired
dearest
one
to
; it takes
young
with
mission
than
justifyitself.
read
some
hating,the
is the
"
of
strong
a
chapter, and
' '
tion,
emo-
attraction, or
of which
recreation, it could
of life roll off from
of
terms
or
novel
It
us.
of
love
we
gives us an ideal hero
back
to summer
us
days of gladness ;
its picturesof youth.
Had
the novel
most
emotion
type-form
hate
three-decker
in the
is likewise
is the
in
passion
a
strong
a
emotion
fiction
It
somewhat
are
field of influence ; and
the old
"
all
life.
story of the progress
a
loving more
winning
a
of
by
by
"
emotion
of extreme
define
the broadest
into
of
of extreme
even
aversion
obstacles
riding
people
days
its effect upon
love to be in
over
emotion.
life influenced
passion of
Since
with
at
of emotional
record
true
a
fiction the
in
so
is
55
NOVEL
THE
OF
STUDY
The
hero
dens
burhis
won
victory.
To
weak
every-day duties grow distasteful in
comparison with the pleasant trials of life in fiction,and so
far as this is true, novel
harm.
But minds
reading works
are
some
minds
healthful than
more
minds
with
contact
stimulant.
extend
the
If it does
the
are
apt
heroes
and
we
nothing
to
think, and
for
boundary of acquaintance,
What
a
galleryof portraitsof
the
it has
friends
healthful
of fiction is
heroines
more
to
a
reader
than
served
its purpose.
have
to
the novels
Strike out Trollope, Dickens,
painted for us!
Thackeray, Dumas, Jane Austen, George Eliot, Hawthorne,
we
and
have
read
Walter
Scott
from
our
and
memories
acquaintance we have left. Leaving
reckoning, taking the novel simply as
of rest
and
a
The
and
charm
easy
desire, who
can
say
how
slightis
the
study quite out of the
for hours
a companion
it has
not
been
a
solace
?
pleasures of
life gain, rather
than
lose, when
made
STUDY
56
OF
THE
NOVEL
intelligent. The
pleasure of looking at pictures increases
with every
broadening of knowledge of art, and the pleasure
of traveling grows
greater with study of the regions to be
visited.
So the intelligentstudy of the art of fiction gives
afternoon
of a summer
assistance
to the page-skimmer
even
and mightily strengthensthe enjoyment of the serious reader.
such
For
unequal
what
there
study
interest
be
can
of the
known
and
progress,
In
the
case
one
method
case
in
to
essentials
the
in
as
its
in affairs of
women
its interest
condition,
in
study
For
*
literature.
of the
treat
In
are
and
ancestry
all such
in order
"
Dunlop
at
history
it
belongs
of
"
teristic
characand
men
problems,
his
of life
it in
the
social
degree
and
or
its historical
reach.
excellent
of fiction and
it
a
hand-books
by adopting some
system
study can be by development of
to
advantage
an
know
in
made
aided
earnest
come
is
several
now
study
we
the
to
apt
we
conduct
Richardson
using
and
;
row
nar-
scholarlymind
whatever
man
forms.
in its every
easilywithin
study there
other
equal rights
on
individual
is therefore
Defoe
as
single work,
a
general, and
there
novel
its interest in the
which
since
But
tunities,
oppor-
the other
to
the
love, in its interest
in the
such
To
It is modern
insistence
with
opening glance
an
centuries.
nings,
begin-
particularwork
; in the
will be
on.
The
art.
art, of its
the
from
begin,
least
at
learn
recital.
attraction
most
goes
first is to
the
set
entire
hand
in
may
of the
last two
"
in
he
with
beginning
and
has
his work
as
to
single example.
student, however
any
inward
work
the
the
second
the
then
with
appeal
state, of its methods,
of
study
to
from
outward
the
study begins
secret, gains the key
we
search
the
history of
in the
place
method
second
by finding its
and
The
present
in its proper
The
minds.
limitations,and
and
in hand
different
to
which
methods
two
are
tory
of its his-
fact in
as
English
students
of classification
kind
books
hand-
well
as
so
by
will be
that
the
sequence
of time.
"
:
History of
Seventeenth
of the
Fiction."
Century."
Novel."
Warren
Raleigh:
Stoddard
"The
:
*"
The
:
"
History of the
English
Evolution
Novel
Novel."
of the
Previous
Cross:
English
"The
Novel;"
to
ttie
opment
Devel-
The
universe
THE
OF
STUDY
about
is
57
NOVEL
orderly system so that any
scientific study becomes
of necessity an
orderly grouping of
We
facts.
distinguishspecies in birds and orders of families
in plants ; we
the relations of constellations
work
in
out
astronomy;
we
naturally expects
in
the
We
of kind
will
on
of
In
sure
to
fiction
we
find well-defined
an
an
artistic fashion
its
environment,
gives
It has
the
self
it-
nomena
phe-
consciousness
' *
telling of
make
fields
less
or
the
plete,
com-
its hidden
of
personality.
an
life in such
a
incidents, recreate
secrets, and
thus
activity are
is
emotion, and
is
story of
its
novel
A
suggest
opened
actual
of contemporaneous
fiction of
the
more
groups.
illuminate
clear
first is that
and
motive, which
a
shall
as
Three
us
show
his aid.
to
come
biography.
object, which is
The
mind
in the
as
feelingthat
the
will
well
as
less natural
or
artistic
its moral.
have
mind
The
to
come
classification,
more
is
istry;
in chem-
and
that they can
be
literaryworks
To
this exa
pectation
livingorganisms.
great extent
the student's
for some
system
part is justified,
like
grouped
family system
a
of the
productions
non-metals
and
activityin geology.
find that
to
of nature.
"
of
periods
an
metals
the
group
find
we
us
The
second
tion.
fic-
to
life,and
is that
of
past life,and gives us historical fiction. The third is of the
has no
limit of date, and gives us the
unrealized
life,which
fiction of
the
The
be
may
of satire,of
life
of
past of which
the
fiction of
gives
romance
life of
as
our
hero
a
ditioned
uncon-
gives
us
or
imaginary
tire.
world
the
fascinatingrecital of the
us
deeds
never
the
make
The
possible
im-
incredible
make
soul-struggles
whose
of
fiction of
The
of the real
will
the novel
the
whose
desires, or
study
novel
of
fiction.
of purpose.
problem,
novel
the
"
the
past and
all serious
that historical
past life gives us
natural
grouped
the
heads
three
fiction of contemporaneous
manners,
hero
of
novel
present, the
"
these
Under
romance.
as
distress
delightful.
Taking
serious
work
these
three
divisions
readily
can
life
"
that
be
novel
as
the
planned.
which
beginning of study,
The
in any
novel
period
of
temporaneous
con-
tells the
story of the
that
him
novel,
read
in
the
literature
a
life of
hero
some
be
much
by
the
the
of
of
Its
best
itself in the
field
result
end
the
at
of
it
given
part in specialstudies, by
preliminarywork
weeks,
whole
first found
periods, divisions, or
This
the
for
the
pages
Fielding.
are
working together in a club,
historical,
preliminarywork will
students
leader, and
the
novel
reading circle,this
lightened by having part
class,
of
Smollett, Sterne, and
group
class, or
three
in the
passages
Dunlop and Warren, and then, with more
history of fiction as it has existed in lish
Eng-
since
Richardson,
the
NOVEL
"
found
as
to
If
THE
form.
If
common
generation is the most
is working alone, the best plan of study will be
read first the general story of the predecessors of
to
care,
emotional
and
day
student
of
OF
STUDY
58
should
will
of which
have
be
may
been
locate
lectures
in
members
of
special questions of
two
properly occupy
time a bird's-eyeview
gained by
every
terest.
inor
of
student.
the
for
inquirerthe works
that are
his attention
worth
in subsequent study.
It is as
if an
to
explorer,entering a region totallynew
him, had
the fortune
from which
mountain
to climb
the surrounding
a
all in view.
He could not from
such quick view
country was
the country with
get the detail or know
any thoroughness,
but he would
get a knowledge of the high places and the
low places,of the general trend
of things, which
amount
no
of valley explorationcould
give him.
In like manner,
too far,the student,
not
to press the figure
of the
from
this preliminarysurvey,
can
get a clear notion
high places and the low places in fiction's history,of the
trend
of
or
better
choose
These
a
works
belief,as
they
have
still,the
must
the
will be
of
be
whole
class
works
master-
well
reputation
chosen
and
are
to
as
if the
in
be
to
of course,
chosen,
lawyers say,
if there
their
list be
each
case
stand
for
is
read
on
ing
Hav-
study.
minute
student, if he be alone,
this the
series
worth
of the works
things, and
completed
to
the
or
a
leader,
club, should
and
studied.
and
information
but
logicalsequence,
confined
to
works
that
of
representative
an
idea.
Each
book
taken
should
a
personality.
There
OF
STUDY
IS
wealth
a
of choice
THE
59
Roderick
Pamela,
"
NOVEL
Random,
Clarissa
Harlowe, Tom
Jones, Dr. Primrose, Emma,
Hawkeye,
Jane Eyre, Pickwick, David
Bede,
Copperfield, Adam
Hester
Romola,
Prynne, Becky Sharp, Lorna
Doone, Pendennis
by
a
and
"
life is told
every
by
untrammeled
biographer
a
social
pride or family feeling. Let the class choose half
dozen
whose
tion
typicalpersonages
biographies as told in ficnological
they would like to study. These may be taken in chroorder
should
that
be
the
live for
must
possible,but
as
vitalityof
the
since
far
as
the
of
novel
hero,
basis
the
of selection
heroine, remembering
or
personality is
biography
a
its hero
in its pages.
us
inite
studying these examples, it is better to follow a defask for himself, or the
line of inquiry. Let the student
acter
leader ask for him, specific
questions as to the type of charIn
"
represented,as
as
the
to
growth
of the
examples,
that is told, and
the clearness
to
as
and
honesty
the worth
to
which
it is
shown
story-telling
the
to
as
of
art
with
of the
painted,
in the
truth
cessive
suc-
of the tale
life that
is there
folded.
un-
last
The
question especiallywe have a perfectright
novel of personality. Life should be
to ask in studying the
and
in a novel, must
be a
fruitful,
any study of a life,even
made
fruitful through experience, or
of one
study of one
failures show
whose
lived.
much
brought
in the
out
as
harmony
have
We
inform
historical
it is for most
the great
to the
true
of
a
master
series
latest
moral
things
are
shown
livingis
so
so
even
ist's
right to ask, also, if the novel-
novel
presents
students
better
of the
satire,introspection,
purpose,
him
of
issues
a
been
be
can
will
chosen
educate
as
the student.
the subdivisions
of
a
the
teaches
justand strong. If such a series
these questions,their study
answer
The
and
the
All
might have
is
shall
well
that
life
great novel
it is moral.
failures.
art
as
that
better
a
the
that
It is not
as
how
us
success
a
to
somewhat
take
it up
novel
personality
and problem.
simpler field,
before
"
taking
under-
the novels
Scott
After
is still
ing
read-
of the
lighterhistorical novel.
of half
subsequent examples down
illustrate
the present day, will fairly
of
a
dozen
that
a
that
only
works
Yet
study.
until
guide
always
days of
dim
the
physical,mental,
the
division,that of the
great
the
fiction
approached,
is
old
as
and
In
of desire.
time
as
something
and
as
new
intangibilitymake
of study, as it is one
serious
let him
romance
search
of the
lesson
of
in search
as
it
one
of the
of intellectual
the
by
soul
present experience has failed
all fields
even
life,for its
exploring
misty regions beyond the
difficult of all fields
most
the
unsatisfied
an
the
or
unrealized
of the
of
Its illusiveness
gateway
and
third
horizon,
spiritual
or
fascinating of
best
remember
historynor fiction,and
field are
masterpieces worthy
not
keenly feel the need of a
novel
present day and
to-morrow.
most
will
past,
Romantic
give.
of the
he
desire
the
is
motive
to
this
this the
called
I have
which
in
the
reaches
he
well
may
novel.
romantic
the
few
a
student
torical
gives the his-
is neither
historical novel
poor
of serious
The
its charm.
novel
ideal which
real and
delightful
mingling of
the
NOVEL
THE
OF
STUDY
60
will
pleasure. It is
student, through the
study
what
he
loves,
unasked.
come
general studies will probably make up about half
the special,
To follow them
come
of the year'swork.
may
detailed, and critical though, if to be beneficial, always
These
"
of the greater works.
of a few
appreciative examination
this also the study of a great author,
When
possiblemake
the biography, be
for the personalityof a biographer molds
Take
also, when
it a real or
possible,
an
imaginary one.
of a novelist, and give all the sessions of
the greatest work
"
fortnight to this one
of study may
well be
If the circle is large,the range
work.
of students
taking the various
large also, separate groups
phases of the subject. For illustration a study of ^'Vanity
a
definite
Fair,
' '
period
by
made
of this series
intensive
productive
a
a
was
If the
With
say
"
of best
such
with reasonable
a
week
or
reading circle
member,
group
and
a
is
is small
special.
results
scheme
a
"
of which
one
of the
appended, but only
the
But
when
of work
thoroughnessall
study
can
it will
made
a
of the
as
a
gestion.
sug-
ingly
correspond-
be, in either
case,
definite.
most
class
be
editors
can
in
a
year
read
historyof fiction that
OF
STUDY
62
* *
Professor
selfishness
G.
R.
Old
"
Moulton)
Essays: (i)
in
(2) Changes
English
the
the
list
Years
of
of fiction
(suggested
different
of unselfishness
sniff.
Peck-
Mary,
"
of
types
Mark
Pinch.
in the
(Scadder's
conceiva
Company) are in-
Insurance
Tapley 's
Mark
Is
"Four
noted
Four
swindles
two
the
and
Office
Land
the
from
Martin, Antony, and
Martin, Young
That
be
to
(i)
"
Thackeray.
systematic study
Points
(2) Four different types
Tapley, Old Chuffey, and Tom
Debate:
in his
of the
' '
Chuzzlewit.
Martin
of
selected
are
Moulton,
Reading," an account
by an English circle.
Novel
by
studies
G.
Richard
Dr.
given by
* '
following
three
' '
Vanity Fair.
Trevyllian's Life
Required Reading :
Suggested Reading:
The
NOVEL
THE
of
characters
story
character
the
overdrawn.!^
book
ness
Selfish-
from
Unselfishness.
to
Raised
Difficulty
could
How
:
Tom
Pinch
go
so
long
deceived
un-
in Pecksniff.?
*'
L.
the
Brunton)
(i)
"
Note
How
Abner
far
Briggs
and
from
their
to
be
to
noted
(suggestedby
effect of inherited
tendencies
T.
on
cumstance
(2) The effect of accidental cirthe character
a parent) on
affecting
Bernard
was
acting according
inherited
the
(e.g.,disease
offspring.
Debate:
both
Points
of individuals.
actions
of the
"
Venner.
Elsie
his
in
Langdon justified
dog, considering
their natures,
ancestors,
and
which
which
that
were
had
partly
veloped
partly debrought up ?
they
were
they
ishing
pun-
in which they were
by the circumstances
Venner
far is the character
of Elsie
to be
Essay: How
regarded as a descriptionof fact } and how far as a parable?
Points
noted
be
to
Jane Eyre.
(suggested by Dr.
' '
* *
A.
S.
Percival) (i)The
"
yet it possesses
interest
depend
?
engrossing
(2) The
is neither
interest.
characters
:
artistic
On
nor
what
Jane Eyre,
realistic,
does
a
the
woman
sympathy, upright by rule rather than from
trust
impulsivelove of right. Note the vulgarity of her disof Rochester
Rochester, a
during her engagement.
of little human
any
an
book
woman's
false
though
of
his
his
type
and
roughness
character.
St.
based
purely
Debate:
Can
manliness.
of
He
John
Rivers,
of
hope
Rochester's
has
63
from
selfish
a
nobility,
the
prig;
strength
his
rightness
up-
reward.
future
conduct
certain
a
detract
coarseness
on
NOVEL
THE
OF
STUDY
to
Jane
Eyre
be
fied
justi-
?
Essay:
book.
The
character
of
the
author
as
revealed
in
the
well
the
shall
all
libraries
of
number
who
to
girls
the
alive
of this
the
class
of
habits
a
shall
women
them,
keep
one
them
or
and
is
contains
naries,
semi-
and
another,
to
plete
com-
Now
course.
intelligence
just
at
just
supply.
to
schools
drinking continually
64
public
this
town,
curiosity that
them
shall
What
already formed,
giving
How
intellectual
have
and
young
and
able
college
tact
of
by helping them
they
by
high
full
ful,
help-
be
to
service
interest
and
a
says
able
consider-
and
larger
reason
of
woman
study
are
every
'
supply
the
power,
from
by
possible
intellectual
in
for
education
greatest
awakened
which
able,
not
school
the
render
and
'
sufficient.
not
are
influence
graduates
recent
are
their
they
village, certainly
every
in
lieu
in
guidance.
the
to
may
"
class
a
magazines,
purpose
intelligent
which
element
Almost
but
personal
is
needed
the
admirable
an
serve
is
that
so
Newspapers,
community,
the
of
life
?
desire
and
stimulus
sexes
Union,"
a
there
together
brought
demand
the
meet
both
with
have
community
"
community,
every
who
intellectual
be
two
In
''
command,
same
need
who
women
a
the
of
Christian
The
women
part, equally well
most
composed
''
for
intelligent women,
are
their
at
in
and
the
own.
''there
journal,
leisure
is
of my
words
of further
that
from
reprinted here,
be
for
literary clubs
the
to
or
literary work
social
on
apply,
which
hints
men,
hints
Women
RICHARDSON
F.
CHARLES
helpful
SOME
for
Clubs
Reading
By
STUDY
TO
HOW
to
to
have
can
serve
pre-
keep
been
that
impulse
the
running
65
WOMEN
FOR
CLUBS
READING
The
training of the best schools
knowledge.
and
fails unless it emphasizes the importance of continual
systematic study as the habit of a lifetime, but it is justthis
which large numbers
of bright and promising graduates from
with them.
the higher schools
They go
fail to carry away
of
streams
home
last
their
from
with
term
latent
a
for fuller
desire
knowledge, but that desire is not strong enough to carry
life brings to a regular
them
through the interruptionshome
out,
of study, and what they need is an impulse from withcourse
and trained mind.
mature
guidance of some
for herself by
find a noble work
can
Any intelligentwoman
opening her doors to girlsof this class,and providing in her
No study
home
kind
for them.
of post-graduate course
a
and
the
teaching is so delightfulas that which is full of the
of personality,
teacher and scholars meet
in which
element
on
a social
basis, and as friends mutually interested in the
the methods
same
work, in which
are
entirelyinformal and
sion
conversational, and the result the largestand freest discusof the subject. An
experiment of this kind need not
be a heavy task on the teacher
A
either in time or effort.
and
no
class may
twice
a
be
formed
which
life.
Nothing
for instance,
interesting,
in Greek
history,taking
in connection
reading
period,
from
books
such
Greeks.
as
' '
the
Half
a
interesting and
hour
an
once
as
of the Greek
which
Grecian
of
Mahaffy's
dozen
other
the
"Social
of
Louis
Life
the
among
epochs
XIV.,
are
quite
for
stance,
in-
history;that of Elizabeth in English
velopment
history,the richest and most
fascinatingepoch in the deof the English race.
No
subjectwill be more
entertaining in itself or open
paths of private
up so
many
reading and study as English literature. An excellent plan
would be to take StopfordBrooke's
Primer
of English Literature
of study, and
with it as a
as
a connecting thread
in
French
poets of that
profitablyadded
day, and chapters
historical
that
fruitful;
basis, and
be
may
art
nection
con-
of Pericles
age
historical
a
or
stimulatingand
more
study of the
account
an
as
a
be
Curtius
to
on
could
than
...
discussions
for
meet
subject for study that has vital
week, taking any
with
shall
""
"
CLUBS
READING
m
make
guide to
the
grand
great author
each
life and
work
his
in
would
as
and
give
within
them,
of
account
the
lives, the specialqualitiesof their
they imparted
impulse which
possessionof
of art, which
the
by
being publishedmay
by those who have
be
desire
who
but
know
the
can
made
continuous
of
These
might
now
be
to
is to
stand
under-
to
desires
to
question of what
own
culture,her
wishes
of
is not
be
to
help.
much
so
strengthened
and
student."
like
of classes
to
hints will gest
sugwith
the utmost
she
whom
imparted
life of the
aspects, and
who
Every woman
easilysettle the
study, which
in the
formation
the
In
that
of those
the needs
habit
the
as
the
great field
development
present day.
specialknowledge
value
made
text-books
take, by consulting her
shall
tastes, and
is the
admirable
of its historical
experiment
she
subject
there
particular
be
may
in its historical
art
in this way.
studied
profitbe
The
the
of
topics
m.ultiplicity
a
age
the
of their
and
traversed
intelligently
profitably
for technical knowledge,
opportunities
of the
the school
own
no
by knowledge
able
make
be
to
of
aid
and
work,
Then
class.
whole
the
principalfacts
their
to
assigned to
speciallystudy up
may
the
ordinarily
an
be
shall
that
of his
study
of
power
authors
so
such
making
class, who
of the
members
different
and
turn
Different
intelligentperson.
English literature,taking
of
tour
be
WOMEN
FOR
those
indicated
above
"
of course
play a large part
reading aloud must
social
of Shakespeare clubs, or
literaryorganizationsin
or
be forgotten; that almost
general,two things should never
in which
"
that the
; and
beginning is better than none
and
essary
necconstitution
by-laws of the society, if it is deemed
should be of the simplest character
to have
sible.
posany,
any
of
kind
a
parishminister,
have
on
other
any
management
It
he
looks
seems
says
back
organized effort
of such
that, in his experience as
on
the
him, with
with
done
of the young.
education
*'
Hale
Everett
Edward
in which
His
classes
desirable that
most
are
a
as
class
satisfaction
more
he
has
than
for the
shared
important
follows
ing-classe
read-
the
which
work
a
hints
for the
:
shall be of such
a
size that
free
conversation
members
and
is
The
' '
easilybe
the
that
be
know
so
the
of what
selection
in
not,
newspapers,
this first choice of
give
knows,
the
shall
be
rather
have
in
the
would
be
better
to
he
more
of the class
advance
A
true
man
or
ignorance frankly.
I should
good
practicalknowledge
of books
to
way
of
specificknowledge
The
essary
absolutely nec-
is
read.
and
on
confess
leader
a
little in
a
work
to
course,
and
of reference
keep
willing
will, of
woman
shall
he
all that
but
will
class should
of the
leader
preparation.
to
of course;
better
is that
and
of time
deal
good
a
it their
they
reviews, depends
and
magazines,
subject. The
winter's
what
and
read
will
they
of
for relaxation,
of novels
choice
the
may
the members
that
desirable
range
the
Even
other,
in meeting.
out
subjectthe
of the
seems
at
general readings.
or
It
each
effect in this matter.
some
choice
in the
exceeds
their
beginning what
that they can
adjust to
specifically
shall
is to
has
room
large.
too
class
work
a
size of the
I think
number
If the
easy.
with
intimate
hardly become
certain
shyness about speaking
thirty,the
there
be
may
67
WOMEN
FOR
CLUBS
READING
the
have
public libraries
Of
subject in hand.
than
use
I think
And
both.
it
course
class
a
large
is wise
leaving to its leader the selection of the topic. Granting
these preliminaries,I should
and
almost
insist, that
urge,
in
no
attend
the
the
the end.
to
have
darlmess
before
well
to
dollar
no
in the
agree
class who
Nothing
virgins who
outer
half
attend
should
one
is
oil in
the
ruinous
so
promise
not
the
as
is half done.
on
a
fee
small
in the
are
I think
"
a
to
of
presence
their vessels, and
course
beginning
which
would
it is
dollar, or
be
expended in books of reference,
The real
or
or
charity,or anything else desirable.
supper,
objectof the fee is weeding out unreliable members.
and
should
have a note-book
Every member
pencil,
a
"
can
**
and
those
is heard
with
do not
at such
after work,
**
to
who
To
keep
make
classes, with
goes
sure
in at
one
that each
no
should
class
be
expelled.
memorandum
ear
and
member
journal. At the
making up of this journalto
one
assign the
take notes
out
takes
end
some
to
at
one
connect
it
the other.
notes,
of
What
each
it is well
meeting
of the class.
READING
68
selected
the
which
*
the
is
brief
merest
*
of
The
drive
the
in
the
different
up
class
no
of
part
are
all
his
as
very
the
what
profitable
of
each
at
each
as
he
can
will
and
want
should
He
his
for
the
is
no
but
work,
all.
business
'
*
rather
what
Indeed,
do.
will
do
to
it
of
knowledge
a
can
that
is
want
you
meeting.
get
class
be
them
making
in
All
soon
to
should
Otherwise
other
arrangements.
laggard
journal
this
writing-book.
a
with
they
volunteers,
particular
a
of
length
done
of
WOMEN
desirable.
way
work
of
FOR
page
vie
members
consideration
they
single
will
leader
important
that
a
members
ambitious
long,
the
to
say
"
The
accident.
by
limited
CLUBS
become
an
remember
of
his
to
make
to
EVIDENCES
70
trastingthis pictureof
day
strenuous
only
with
urged,
the
book
needs
scheme
This
should
of human
both
of
for
that
he
Comenius
in London
of
in
bring together
all future
and
present
expressed
so
Pansophia,
a
that
ago
wisdom,
the
with
say,
sorrow."
establishment
who
men
total
sum
the
meet
learned
to
grief; and
fifty
years
zeal, the
ardent
college of
and
present-
our
moved
is much
wisdom
hundred
two
with
age
be
must
increaseth
knowledge
increaseth
It is
in much
**
golden
far-off
a
of steel, we
age
Preacher,
the
EDUCATION
OF
one
to
as
tions.
genera-
repository of
or
a
all
century,
learning, proved very attractive in the seventeenth
of a period which
for it easilyadjusted itself to the notions
looked upon
learning as a substantial and measurable
tity,
quanto be acquiredand
possessed. Unfortunately this quantitative
ideal
of
education, with
its resultant
standards, is still widely influential,and
the
of
evidences
education
an
learned, in the variety of sciences
the
quantity of
the
other
hand, any
standards
their
facts held
the
to
in the
serious
inadequacy
and
to
seek
languages
in
generally
But,
reserve.
memory
of
us
of
studied, and
on
apply quantitative
education
quickly betrays
attempt
determination
it tempts
number
in the
and
processes
to
their false
cated
assumptions. If to be eduto know
in systematic fashion and to be
nature
means
able to interpretit,then nearly every man
of letters,
ancient
or
modern,
be
educated
innumerable
the
manifested
knowledges
by
their
many
choose
The
compass
of
the
admirable
of art
case
us
of
power
is
even
about
worse
on
every
We
interest.
and
sought
in
some
own
other
weight.
direction.
A
true
who
A
host
bewilder
exclude
must
and
then, of its
and
and
price of not choosing is shallowness
of estimating
quantitative method
down,
fullyrepresented
to-day.
choice
one.
literature,
of character,
penalty of
to
The
of
time
side
if to
affectionate,
have
their
mind
the
The
Or
and
action, who
of
qualities
their
the
the uneducated.
sympathetic,almost
men
and
variety and
with
masterpieces
great
ideals
most
have
great
uneducated.
were
of
the
classed
to
m.eans
insight into
then
be
must
is
deprivation;
incapacity.
education
standard
the
breaks
is to
be
A
full
would
all influences
the
human
not
are
mind
spiritualmachine
needs
are
would
All
educated.
be
day
to-
and
toward
parts of the
mutually interchangeable. There
longings to be satisfied that will
and
met
of indifference
singleplane
a
not
are
be
to
on
that
they confront us
all knowledges
as
confident, that
I feel
show,
facts of life
of the
analysis
71
EDUCATION
OF
EVIDENCES
The
their demands.
to
accept any vicarious
response
scientific,the literary,the aesthetic,the institutional,and
not
the
that
no
be
can
these
of them
one
stated
will
ways
the
traits
and
true
conceived
the
among
and
correctness
Important
European
the
Middle
the
not
defend
as
of
that
find
certain
expression
and
substantial
must
one
in
it is toward
and
education,
an
this
the
turn
to
find
education
as
on
decentralization
of
So
study
so
late
is
poor
a
as
the
Hebrew,
vernacular
Melanchthon
and
when
i
549
admitted
be, it is
to
The
modern
significanceonly
began at the close of
Jacques de Bellay supported
mild
the very
many
he
think
all
three
' '
tell
to
in
assertion
it.
than
referred
put German
contrasted
name
mother-tongue.
education.
culture
as
tongue
I
educational
with
of French
the
of
is
in
thing
new
education
an
use
is, and
power
Ages.
of
evidences
languages took
usefulness.
and
titatively
quan-
produced
external
writing a little later, found it necessary
education
was
on
put in English rather
to
tion
educa-
at
estimated
have
which
toward
precision in
comparatively
''
it arrives
of all men,
evidences
sure
for its
to-day.
First
when
It will
of character
not
gree
de-
some
education
and
of
each
science, of letters,of art, of
of
accomplishment,
acquisition or
has
be measured
to
observation
habits,
or
Therefore
another.
sense
of another
function
a
trainingwhich
training when
religion.
and
to
dependent,
inter-
other, in the
think, be representedin
either
of
to
open
these
it is
this
of intellect
traits
the
of
terms
institutions,or
of
I
suffer itself
not
reduced
terms
scheme
in
a
in
Nevertheless
end.
the
be
can
five aspects must,
in every
civilization,while
of
independent of each
yet
are
or
of life and
religiousaspects
to
a
Mulcaster,
why
in
that
his book
Latin, and
its educational
class with
Greek
unfavorably with
Indeed
Latin.
it
plainlytold
national
a
basis
all
language
reallyserious study
universities
to-day,
and
of
not
of the
that
train the
to
around
center
of the
revision
a
that
about
made
place
influence
English
the
of
colleges
erature.
lit-
and
language
American
and
Romans,
the
made
man
Ger-
be
must
and
German
the
that
1890
is
potent,
study of English is slightand
Latin
but
dead.
is
anything
for the
But
only
not
the
also
of
great
It is
embodied
precision with
French
the
languages
is
in
now
speech
and
of
is the
an
use
is
chief
A
the
ease,
one
uses
the
German
services
of
culture, to
to
English
for "it
that
the
upon
aggressive people
initiative
among
ness,
correct-
ment.
instru-
which
the
are
and
no
peoples
great
that
out
of
modern
most
erful,
pow-
of communication
instrument
men
among
the
tongues,
those
point
measure
this
easily the first and
greatest
is
nately,
instruction,but, fortu-
splendid literatures
and
appreciation of
civilization and
which
the
disrespectto
in the
lack of
is
accomplishment
the
no
of
medium
the
vernacular
the
people
important subjectof study.
an
educational
and
of the
mass
established
The
indeed.
insignificant
gate to English is through
best
the
earth."
whom
It is the
individual
erty
lib-
highly prized. It falls short,
of the Greek
and
doubt, of the philosophicalpliability
the scientific ductility
of the
German
what
is there
; but
personal
in the whole
it cannot
own.!^
of
be
must
few
a
the
of
of
peror
Em-
education; that the
Greeks
not
where
superstitionthat
no
German
subjects revolved,
was
brought
program
And
to
Conference
other
official school
the
School
Germans,
German
the
for the
Berlin
lacking in
was
become
to
which
the
German
present
of study
course
gymnasium
the duty of the schoolmasters
was
; that
that
until the
not
was
of the
foundation
young
EDUCATION
OF
EVIDENCES
72
Shelleyor
French
field of human
express
Turn
are
''
with
Othello
of Keats
passion
freedom
"
with
into
the
and
German
and
human
with
or
a
action
graceful lines
of
all its
power
compare
some
that
the
verse
of their
of the
contemporaries, and learn the peculiarpower
English speech. In simple word
or
sonorous
phrase it is
unequaled as
and
the
hold
character
with
offers
expression.
mother-tongue, moves
his
and
wide
of words
educated
reading
well
as
his
therefore,
a
He
not
reads
absorption
between
He
' *
for
and
English
correct
is
' '
get up
to
"make
speech"
knows
He
' '
to
''limbs,"
a
on
called,
than
best
written
He
knows
the
one
English.
unconscious
for
distinction
the wide
pedantic,or
hand, and
to
than
rather
"
bed
to
arise,
if you
necessity,
the
elegant," English on
'"
' '
"dress"
than
have
' '
than
''retire," to
to
legs
' '
"deliver
to
rather
than
and
himself,"
"clothe
to
other.
to
oration."
an
English and read poor
English you will pretty surely speak poor English and write
himself
English," and governs
accordingly. He
poor
realizes the power
and
place of idiom and its relation to
grammar,
the
that
of the
imitation, but
likelyto *'go
more
is of
conscious
reflection.
and
man
is
speech,
ation
appreci-
in his
educated
reader
constant
it is sometimes
as
The
nature.
He
artistic effect.
of their
as
dence
inci-
of the mental
knowledge
a
hampered by no set formulas, but manifests
spoken, and written, the characteristic powers
of
at home
man,
easilyabout in its Saxon,
perience
elements, and has gained by long ex-
Latin
and
Romanic,
field for apt and
wide
a
The
of
The
of idiom.
use
English
of modern
choice
happy
his
by
by his
composite
is measured
English tongue
the
upon
and
of words
choice
thoughts,the feeUngs,
reveal the
to
humanity.
of
ideals
One's
medium
a
73
EDUCATION
OF
EVIDENCES
' '
and
shows
two
in
sympathy
of much
of
by preserving
He
would
a
and
habits
and
of
second
gentle
of his
and
would
with
follow
scholarly discussions
tween
be-
balance
a
of idiom
find therein
gent
intelliand
the
of
fication
justi-
practice. In short, in his use
cation.
his mother-tongue he would
give sure evidence of an eduAs
It
style.
by Professor Earle
grammar
poor
his skill
his
the
hear
best
evidence
manners
thought
and
of
an
which
of action.
I
education
are
the
name
those
expressionof
"Manners
are
fined
re-
fixed
behavior
more.
said, but they are
good breeding," as Addison
is not without
that the Latin language has
significance
but
single word
a
man
moral
their basis
are
the
at
have
in that true
and
be
found
reason
by
too
motives
many
reveal
the
and
shown
courtesy
deem
his
or
render
not
make
by
the
amount
human
to
thought
fellows
and
action
that
reveals
and
more
himself
and
not
this
that
will ; and
than
merely
alone
himself
century
a
as
in all his
other
or
is
habituallyethical
in
exists
be
that
As
upon
our
the
habit
We
it.
hurried
told
are
and
principleand
the
a
upon
indeed
manners
I
the power
name
whole
very
doors
from
Manila
of space
world
by
and
the
to
Transvaal
and
Pekin,
to
a
necessary
Havana.
Pekin
We
of
of
electricity.
brought to our
attention
Our
leaps
time
newspaper.
from
result
interests, and
diverse
our
by steam
happenings are
its
daily
a
this loss is
that
busy lives, of
annihilation
the
education
poor
by
cern
they conmust
always
based
are
education
an
It is
reflection.
of
The
from
in
frequent charge against us
against Americans, that we are losing
particularly
which
of reflection
and
the high qualities
depend
habit
moderns,
the
of
evidence
third
a
the ethical
end
it.
embody
and
inculcate
an
Kant
used
arbitrarily
beings, he
True
manners
regarded as an end.
recognition of this fact, and that is a
fails to
as
his
to
As
manners.
be
which
relation
actions, whether
rational
that
such
he
man
to
A
ners
man-
whether
or
his proper
means
a
one
of respect, deference,
so
a
ago,
but
man,
parade
realizes
is to
his inferiors.
the
his realization in his
insisted
or
he
built
for
whom,
personalityas
is on
dress
judge whether
one
well-trained,well-educated, and
find
superiors are shaped
interpretationeither
their
do
It is
man.
those
may
equals
to
first selfish
of character
test
toward
Manners
certain.
or
easy
infallible
manners
his
veneer
significance,and
deepest self-respectwhich is
An
toward
manners
of the
a
moral
a
another, the world
or
man's
one's
in
a
are
manners
touch
dampening
manners,
cated
truly edulectual
expression of intel-
manners
Sham
habits,
of
outward
an
respect for others.
upon
the
conviction.
Manners
suggestion.
for usages,
manners,
woman,
falls away
which
so
Real
or
and
we
both
{inores)
for morals.
and
EDUCATION
OF
EVIDENCES
74
to
are
the
torn
and
Transvaal,
and
by conflicting
or
emotions,
unconnected
other
ideas
following
each
get
firm
deep hold
a
and
into
come
true
we
an
living.
which
traces
trained
raises
life at
fast hold
of
mark
a
what
has
man
standards
of
and
can
mind
is
a
to
prey
no
which
without, is
The
in
trast
sharpest contions
insightsand convic-
educated
conditions, and
rational
tions,
convic-
The
mind.
cated
edu-
experience, and of
ards
standjudged. These
truth, of human
by which new
proposalsare
be gained only through reflection.
wisdom,
to
animal.
an
perhaps
are
and
forward
within
life of
the
mind
trained
For
it.
and
principle,
of
passes
all; it is
a
and
us,
upon
and
causes
no
of
point. An armory
always ready for applicationsto new
invincible save
by deeper insightsand more
is
most
unceasingly insisted, is not
asks
no
questions of itself,
vital issues
no
the
of
one
ment
indict-
the
slipping from
is
keep
to
to
untrained
the
then
this very
at
pathetic
sym-
even
in
counts
deny"
Socrates
interpretationof
and
charge which
some
are
back
events
human
a
fail to
we
great facts that
the
of
one
is the
life which
The
which
no
occupied by
are
rapiditythat
education
an
life,as
worth
not
of any
efforts
our
unexamined
seeks
of
redouble
purposes,
such
there
and
"
evidences
must
with
it is difficult to
which
precious
our
bring against us.
critics
If it be
minds
and
This
lives.
our
75
EDUCATION
OF
EVIDENCES
every
The
and
passing fancy
plined
undisci-
the victim
He has no permanent
forms
plausibledoctrinaire.
of judgment which
give him character.
Renan
for
was
right when he held that the firstcondition
is that it shall have
the development of the mind
liberty;
of every
and
the
the
libertyfor
mind
unreasonable, and
with
accordance
with
evolution,
the
reference
not
but
there
a
to
his
course,
of reflection
is
educated
to
from
choose
body
of
the
the
control
reasonable
principlesis
His
man.
a
in
sary
neces-
development
principles,and
of
is
proceeds by
revolution.
Philosophy is, of
the power
freedom
principle. A
possession of
always
freedom
means
the great
single study by
which
is
habit,
a
developed until it becomes
of
philosophic study of literature,of politics,
natural science, which
makes
for the
same
end.
The
ques-
EDUCATION
OF
EVIDENCES
76
is science, and
the
question why,
the beginnings of reflection.
is philosophy,are
whoee
answer
both questions continually,and
asks
man
A truly educated
As
of
a
answer
result is habituated
a
as
whose
how,
tion
of
evidence
fourth
a
reflection.
to
education
an
This
thereafter.
forward
the
which,
of mind
growth. There is a type
as
certain point,crystallizes,
promise
is not
much
It
fulfilled.
; but
is not
when
refuses
It has
somehow
to
give
a
of
one
other
in
to
move
perhaps
or
dead, but
power
trained
fails to
education.
an
promised
and
much
of mind
the
name
and
it were,
type
of
essential evidences
I
quired
ac-
the
trance.
to keep it where
performed as serve
no
it is ; there is no movement,
development, no new
power
study, and
or
accomplishment. The impulse to continuous
Only such functions
to
throughout
that
long
a
conditions
Education
wanting.
continuing
life is
attractive
to
grow
splendid and
a
characteristic
personalityso
the
are
of permanent
has
so
far failed
purposes.
mind
human
was
is
growth,
of its chief
one
A
It
which
that self-education
intellectual
of
are
in Mr.
to young
Gladstone
and
and
to
develop
impressive sight.
which
ambitious
made
his
They
men.
lectual
inspired by his limitless intelhave
To
passed from being **the rising
energy.
1838 to the
hope of the stern and unbending Tories "in
unchallenged leadership of the anti-Tory party in Great
fired
were
by
his
zeal
and
to
generation later, and to have continued
grow
tion
distincthroughout an exceptionallylong life,is no mean
it is an example of what, in less conspicuous ways,
; and
Britain
is the
a
lot of every
mind
views, widened
whose
training is
effective.
ened
Broad-
sympathies, deepened insights,are
the
accompaniments of growth.
interest is necessary,
and
For this growth a many-sided
this is why
narrowness
growth and intellectual and moral
There
is much
in our
modern
tion
educaare
eternallyat war.
which
cult,
is uneducational
because
it makes
growth diffiif not
tendant
impossible. Early specialization,with its atlimited
an
enemy
of
range
growth.
both
of information
Turning
from
and
of interest, is
the distasteful
before
it
cycle of
whole
as
power.
what
and
and
it.
in
know
you
do
these
"
'
abound
for its
of the birth of the
field; it
none
of
much
as
for the
them,
it
who
America
intellect
Its
form.
mechanical
established
an
will, by
and
are
date
of the
the
as
formatio
in-
date
neighboring
part of a larger
relations, applications,
of these
in
and
1249
intellectual
on
mechanical
springs
its
to
of
they
as
knows
quite
as
in 1492.
was
subordinate
universities
in the
discovered
was
education
The
it is
none
sees
; produce,
in feelings
knowledge,
meaningless
it has
student
of
of grass
High efficiency is primarilyan
only longo'intervallo does it take
a
are
easilyrecognized
none.
because
because
knowledge-whole,
; and
blade
something
means
value
is in itself as
youngest
is
real
a
unscientific
as
It has
sake.
own
revel
collegesand
supposed
the
America
discoveryof
Our
notions, notions
unphilosophical,of
for
of it which
form
and
only
make
incapacity.
false
in
which
form
sham
that
substantial
everlastingly feel
counsels
are
against
uses
consequences
of
true
helpfuland
some
not
well-informed
as
Its motor
knowledge in general
without
Indefinite
of impressions.
absorption
duction
proand to the highest intellectual
is fatal both to character
Do
something and be able to do it well; express
clinch
what
operations.
This
is just as
our
'
EDUCATION
OF
EVIDENCES
78
in
and
the
of
means
anything approaching
form
is
intellect.
habitual
which
affair, and
always wholly
It is the
growth
out-
between
relationship
stantly
knowledge is con-
Bacon
knowledge is not power,
it is made
it
to the contrary notwithstanding, unless
so, and
the knowledge.
be made
so
can
only by him who possesses
is efficiency. Without
The
habit of making knowledge power
made
is
it education
These
For
power.
incomplete.
five characteristics,then, I offer
as
evidences
and
of
of the
precision in the use
which
the
are
mother-tongue ; refined and gentle manners,
expressionof fixed habits of thought and action ; the power
of growth ; and
and habit of reflection ; the power
efficiency,
an
or
education
the
power
correctness
"
to
do.
On
this
plane the physicistmay
meet
OF
EVIDENCES
with
and
the
and
the
recognize
the
fact
the
and
They
are
those
traits
minds
and
them
which
begun
show
the
these
in
the
maturer
to
secret
not
years
ourselves
of
of
habits,
days
gaining
a
and
and
an
and
broader
to
men
are
vast,
is
others
education.
by
of
truly
no
their
brought
cated
edu-
avail;
ourselves
and
it
have
alone,
strengthened
that
experience,
we
of
and
of
tie
being.
college,
that
apart.
close
not
human
made
ent
differ-
far
reaction
them
fed
has
traits
necessity
widely
the
the
of
educated
an
are
by
developed
school
of
is
interests
out
however
philosopher,
is
brotherhood
a
the
fellow
highest
these
erudition,
museum,
his
which
that
with
information
their
sprung
Without
their
a
is
have
that
their
in
upon
strength.
It
of
together
wills
furnishes
of
range
centers
knit
and
with
the
though
man,
79
naturalist
philologian
each
EDUCATION
serve
discovered
to
TO
HOW
How
much
too
whatever
you
Lofift
and
back
at
he
another.
He
this
that
every
think
book
then
not
put
crowd
this
is
separate
or
wall, and
backward
he
counselors
page
and
does
it
bends
reads,
cutting
two,
more
consider
he
I
read,
or
the
all
rather
less
a
;
then
author's
80
page,
he
or
reader
would
statement,
and
the
low
holLofft
does,
make
and
of
the
book
up
wisest
of
at
across
fix
I
part,
my
paragraph
look
a
master
of my
one
a
dentist
a
will
"
it
speak,
serpent
chopping
as
as
on
For
read
what
Capel
line
time.
must
another,
a
the
make
fine, this
say
as
was
furniture
just
once.
the
over
through
had
at
forward
will
it rather
bits.
did;
and
all
in
he
to
so
wad
large
one
life
mental
gold-foil home,
entertaining,
book
his
of
part
as
re-flection going
of
series
it, and,
deep,
very
himself
ask
disbelieved
or
"
dull
as
which
that
is
then
and
tooth,
learned
That
bit
of
he
sentence.
little
then
a
in
even
whole
his
sentence,
it away
pack
in another
one
into
it
believed
going
that
when
of each
took
jams
without
things
of
saved,
end
the
must
he
before
by
read,
you
interesting book,
an
"Self-Formation,"
indeed
if he
meant,
quite
in
surface
calls
he
changed,
says
what
read
not
tired; and,
are
you
of
review
some
says,
the
about
which
that
when
stop
Do
are:
along.
Capel
turn
think,
rules, I
time;
a
make
way,
go
plays
at
HALE
EVERETT
first
the
reading,
FOR
Read
to
EDWARD
By
READ
it
on
a
th'^
his
then read
mind, and
half
hour
an
book
by.
to.^
What
or
hour, till I
an
is there
If it is necessary
the
over
concealed, and such
I
which
was
many
a
of
sight-seeing,
force any
cannot
what
"
At
station
time
church
to
and
go
offered such
that
across
admired
it,came
it!
dear
than
more
day,
next
of square
on
Laura, I do
do.
and
had
it
seen
with whatever
to
it is the
that
somewhere
want
you
stereoscopicpictureswhich
it, I will
I think
review
make
it makes
no
to
see.
We
were
one
division
there
it
what
to
gone
Renew
to
have
slight difference
It
oysters
hurried
about
that church
I think
If he
any
the
fixed it forever
acquaintance
Ingham says
between
them, when
the
picture,
clean forgot
was
your
remember.
the
the
saw
clear and
again, I should
one
does
the two
overlies
not
say
now.
difference
how
of the author, but I do think
fi-om
pass
it for him
say
contrast
carnal
distinctness.
other, their relief and
the
hour.
at
of
to
Malines
,
place
know
gives
at
in
"
Moral:
memory.
my
I
for refreshments!"
if I had
But
of which
of
droll
a
forgot it
not
of
shouting that
the church,
into
and
us
was
whirl
that
picture
minutes
went
we
and
were
's
to
Europe
stopped nearly an
guides
refreshment
away,
you
train
Fifteen
self
your-
there
the
in
see
I remember
seemed
the frolic
sort
some
My
*'
to
in
saw
But
memory,
Rubens
see
aesthetic
purely for
of
This
stations,
our
no
our
"
crowd
a
of
at
taken
have
carelessly
that you
it twice.
saw
recollection.
.
cry
I
call Mechlin
we
the
was
which
if it is
his statement.
or
was
back
go
has
think, everything I
I
he
he get it?
impression,
it certain
I
Does
can
you
makes
thought
^
did
process
which
wonder
first
your
seeing, if I
worth
it.-* Where
the writer
his
this amounted
prove.
that
remember,
can
he
meaning
a
will remember
has
examination,
an
correct
the
out
What
does
in
new
such
in
passage,
find
wrong,
ready, perhaps, to put the
am
say.-* What
he
does
I read
this,however.
do
not
myself.
I examine
Then
it.!* What
prove
I do
on.
81
READ
TO
HOW
this mental
you make
it essential that, as you
of his work
to
another, you
should
it somehow.
Another
good
rule for memory
is
I think.
indispensable,
HOW
82
"
namely,
index
it
to
the
end.
That
the
things
you
this
will
on
will
memoranda
These
Thus
which
you
be, of
you think will
have
a doubt
may
which
you
of
that
very
Pacific Ocean
and
the
at
first volume
of salt in water,
and
potatoes,
Kanaka,
42 ;
Caciques
some
one,
**
might
funny
or
opinions
had
you
got
History
of
be
private
your
the
:
Gov.
ii;
Revillagigedo,19;
Lime-water
23;
things.
of
or
Suppose
; here
do
own,
know,
to
Veragas's
' '
its Shores
of the
end
Percentage
Enata,
book,
rare
the
keep separately.
may
about.
at
cover
your
of all sorts
amuse
own
justa hint of
is not
want
is
again, noting
see
course,
you
which
stories
index
book
call your
there
to
book
lines the
down
If the
facts which
will be
they
hold
are.
I may
which
like
to
little slipof paper,
a
what
write
apt
If the
hand.
page
can
be
they
make
white
is, you
which
on
page
hard
the
on
READ
pencil in
a
better
had
you
own,
your
with
read
to
TO
Magelhaens
for
Wilkes,
vs.
29;
Coral
scurvy,
Gigantic ferns, 84, etc., etc., etc.
need
of these
one
Very likelyyou may never
57 ;
insects, 72;
but
if you
waste
in
that
for them.
will
you
Make
have
time
no
memorandum,
your
;
to
and
sure.
in mind
Bear
books
do,
hunting
are
you
it is certain
references
which
like to know
more,
last
this
little
know
you
show
for
and
yourself;
to
question; and
but
few
you
are
and
better
own
who
think
not
lect
neg-
make
not
of
to
should
you
Do
do
oranda
mem-
referred
more.
You
other
In your
are
you
know
to
means
the
the
Philogabblian; you make it
that you
yourselfneed this
than
your
own
much
have
to
from
is :
answer
books, and
your
much
copy
likelyto
if you
authors
it at the
it
later.
or
nothing, if
or
will suggest
book
information.
Whether
to
sooner
condition, however.
to
books
that each
ought
or
memorandum
additional
along
you are to read
with
the
care
note
whom
all
make
for
taste, and
books,
That
* '
time
fewer
or
are
books
or
not.!* That
depends.
and
paper
' '
and
If you
ink;
is
a
have
and
if
books, why, nothing is nicer
use
for
in later life
your
likelyto
own
have
good
extract-
But
purposes.
them
at
com-
mand,
time
spent in copying would
time
the
short, and
is
83
READ
TO
HOW
are
spent in reading. There
diffusive,of which
diffusive books, difficult because
write
to
When
to
close
digests, if
read
John Locke,
we
abstracts, and
make
for
writing, and
hour.
If you
They
sell books
as
well
prepared for
I
hence
or
What
not.
few
Very
as
that
girlwants
wish
Historical
who
man,
would
Society
when
but
them
up
you
have
to
hours
two
day
a
known
to
what
of
read
them
will,
in this
and
get
comes
that five
so
read
to
men
me,
improve
to
but if you
you,
women.
much
so
time
If any
systematic reading.
boy or
reading, I
such
of
among
not
turn
to
a
was
He
he
one
was
study;
men
who
room
to
he
was
had
copy
a
volume
matter.
He
sixteen
books
of his
says
he
with
his
of the
tematic
sysness;
busi-
laborious
and
had
it here, but
accomplished
no
he
he
read, when
But
was
he
ship.
scholar-
to
I wish
Robertson's
letters,where
tutors.
young
his
began
given their lives
letter of Frederick
a
superior in his
recognized authority and
He
America.
was
store
a
left active
he
died
in
boy
a
never
of
There
Massachusetts.
of
he
when
of the second
very
"
about
cross
you
of
friend George Livermore,
the life of my
written
for the
friend Charles
has justnow
Deane
speciallines
I have
be very
day accomplished
one
and
historical scholars
leader
just
may
read
reading.
but
extracts.
your
rapid or slapdash
I want
slow
really to know
our
this
to
novels, or books
whether
seems
find
or
careful
he would
which
know
not
professional
men,
for
to
very
I will not
gobble
'*
not
I advise
will be
fashion, you
sections
but you
your
improvement,
Do
make
of you,
any
of
shall
you
in
choose, and
it; but for the books
by reading them.
years
the
the purpose,
try that
may
if you
amusement,
in
contemplating any
not
am
You
work.
line
a
good practicefor
was
was
to
own.
your
see
That
first-rate index
a
it is well
ourselves
stint
to
what
make
copy,
make
You
used
remember
we
very
really studying them.
had
instance, in college, we
for
we
some
are
you
chatty sections.
his
of
one
better
be
probably
any
near
of you
the
speaks of
at
read
end
this
Oxford,
them
so
that
have
'
blood.
man's
who
became
they
have
in
that
a
'
And
blood
was
in
lives
himself,
'*as
books
by
were
the
of
and
the
of
they
leaders
been
your
part
READ
TO
HOW
84
of
bone
such
men.
iron
sixteen
No
world.
and
brain
the
the
of
bad
enters
the
thing
vitalizing
a
men
to
ment
ele-
OF
STUDY
86
LITERATURE
the derivation of words, prosody,composition,
grammatical analysis,
the history
of the language,and
extent
to a certain
and more
be both more
the historyof the race, may
pleasantly
It is advisable
profitablytaught in this than in any other way.
for these reasons, also,that the study of these subjects
Not
should be conjoinedwith that of the English hterature.
of fixing
only may time be thus economized, but the difficulty
of flighty
and inappreciative
the attention
pupils may more
easilybe overcome.
[From
F. G.
doubtful
No
student
^^
Fleay's
to Chaucer
and
Spenser.'']
be set before the
point should ever
One
great advantage of these studies
of forming a judgment in cases
power
critical
ascertained.
as
Guide
is the
acquirement of a
Give
the student the evidence; state
evidence.
of conflicting
opinion,if you like,but let him judge for himself.
your own
The
should be used.
No
extracts
or
incompleteworks
capabihtyof appreciatinga whole work, as a whole, is one of
the principal
aims in aesthetic culture.
It is better to read thoroughlyone
simple play or poem
than
to know
former
all the dramatists
details about
trains the brain
to
judge of
other
and
poets. The
plays or
the
poems;
latter
with details that can
at any time
only loads the memory
be found,when required,
in books of reference.
For these studies to completelysucceed, they must
be as
thorough as our classical studies used to be. No difficult
point in syntax, prosody, accidence,or pronunciation;no
variation in manners
or
customs; no historical or geographical
be passed over
must
without
allusions,"
explanation. This
trainingin exactness will not interfere with, but aid,the higher
aims of literary
training.
{From
Let him
with
can
utter
Johnson.
1765.J
that is yet unacquaintedwith
and
drama
Dr.
who
desires to feel the
give,read
every
negHgence to
play,from
the powers
greatest
pleasurethat
the firstscene
all his commentators.
speare,
of Shake-
When
to the
his
the
last,
fancy
is
once
Let
on
him
LITERATURE
OF
STUDY
87
wing, let it not stoop at correction or explanation.
read on
through brightness and obscurity,through
the
him
corruption;let
and
integrity
preserve his comprehension
in the fable.
And
when
the
dialogue,and his interest
pleasuresof novelty have ceased, let him
of the
and read the
commentators.
[From ProfessorBrainerd
The
the
1.
ought,firstof all,to
student
then to read
Plot
Kellogg.]
read the
again, with his mind
over
read it for the
to
plot;and, lastly,
The
attempt exactness,
Story
and
pleasure;
a
the characters
upon
meanings,
and
etc.
grammar,
Play.
the
of
play as
(a) The generalplot;
(6) The specialincidents.
2.
Characters:
The
all that is done
in the
3. The
and
what
of
most
Interplay
and
acter
by each char-
is said
Characters
the
of
upon
Other.
(a) Relation of
(b) Relation
Complete
A
to
B, and of
of A to C and
Possession
of
the
to
Reproduce,
(a) What
was
(b) What
was
(c) W^hat
or
A;
to
Language.
words
in
old
an
illustrate
to
meaning;
grammatical
a
Quote.
said
by A
said by A
argument
B
D.
(a) Meanings of words;
(b) Use of old words, or of
(c) Grammar;
(d) Abilityto quote lines
point.
5. Power
of
account
play.
Influence
Each
4.
connected
Abilityto give a
was
or
in
B
on
occasion;
particular
a
replyto
used
B ;
by C
at
a
particular
juncture;
(d) To
quote
a
line in instance
peculiar
meaning.
of
an
idiom
or
of
a
88
STUDY
6. Power
To
attribute
on
[From
I.
cap
(c) To
fillin the
1.
The
A
A
to
forthe Study of English Classics.'']
of
pointsto
of the
.
.
.
may
purport of the passages,
line of argument
An
with
General
meaning
Regard
to
of individual words.
Form.
of
rules;if necessary, peculiarities
grammar
English grammar.
Derivations:
(i) General laws and principlesof
derivations,
includinga knowledge of affixes and
suffixes. (2) Interesting
historical derivation of
words.
particular
Knowledge
of
Knowledge
of
all
Such
THE
Allusions.
Parallel
Teacher
[From ProfessorWm.
of
be exacted
Substance.
general knowledge
AS
To
epithet.
or
exact
2.
"
person
5. The
1.
IV.
certain
a
4. The
Points
"
rightword
''Outlines
Relative
3. The
m.
to
pursued.
exact
paraphrase of parts of the whole, producing
and
the
author's
at
exactly
length
meaning.
force and character of epithets.
phors.
meaning of similes,and expansionsof meta-
2.
"
statement
"
and
II.
or
occasion;
followingsummary
Points
"
a
line
line ;
(b) To
useful:
prove
a
certain
a
BlaisdelVs
The
LITERATURE
Locate.
to
(a)
OF
Passages
has
and
trations
Illus-
Supplied.
Taylor Thom.]
understand
Shakespeare,we must understand his medium
language,as thoroughlyas possible. For this,
thought,his
study is necessary;
study of this medium
and
one
notable
advantage
is that the student
becomes
of the
thorough
unconsciously
OF
STUDY
LITERATURE
89
Shakespeare'sturn of thought while
observinghis turn of phrase.
For the class-room,a non-aesthetic,
prehminarystudyis best.
And this may be accomplishedin the followingway:
By studying
the words themselves and their forms;
the Text,
carefully
less imbued
or
more
with
.
.
.
"
their
content,
philological
so
far
such
as
is essential to
content
grammaticaldifferences of usage, then and
the pointof view of life (Weltanschauung)
by observing accurately
now;
and otherwise,as shown
in the text; by
historically
takingwhat may be called the actor's view of the personages of
aesthetic
the play; and, finally,
by a sober and discriminating
discussion of the characters,of the principles
by
represented
those characters,and of the play in its.parts and as a whole.
I. With
regard to the words themselves and their jorms:
doubt
that Shakespeare'swords
and word-combinations
There
is no
need constant
and careful explanationin order for
the pupilto seize the thoughtaccurately
or
even
approximately.
dictum remains true: *'In order
Here, as elsewhere,Coleridge's
the
to
thought; and
get the full
minds
the
the visual
II. But
of
sense
image
a
exhaust
should
we
that forms
this does not
They
word,
first present to
its primary meaning."
the interest of the words
our
.
.
.
selves.
them-
frequentlyso full of a particularuse and
that they have evidently
been chosen by
meaning of their own
Shakespeare on that account, and can only serve
fullytheir
of conveying his meaning when
themselves
purpose
hended.
compreThis opens up to the pupilone
of the most interesting
are
aspects of words
habits
of
views, as
new
a
"
of
past generation, thus
it were,
element
their function
of the
find that *'And
like
witch-speechin
Macbeth
a
weird
rat without
a
the
ideas and
giving little photographic
of the national
course
of interest and
embalming
realityis
taiV^ is not
life.
added
Thus,
when
a
we
stuffed into the
9).
merely for rhyme's sake {Mac. I,iii,
It is doubtful if anythingbringsso visibly
before the mind's eye
the age, and therefore the proper pointof view, of Shakespeare
the accurate
as
of these impliedviews of Hfe,these
following-out
old popular beliefs contained in his picturesque
language.
III. Difficulties consisting
in the forms of words have been
alreadymentioned; but they constitute in reality
only a part,
.
.
.
STUDY
90
OF
LITERATURE
perhaps the least part, of the grammaticalimpediment to our
apprehendingShakespeareclearly.There is in him a splendid
entails upon
call grammar
to what
which
us
we
superiority
more
less of
or
seize the very
word-order, if
Thus
speaks
Lady Macbeth
"flaws
and
starts" as ''impostors
fear"
of Macbeth's
to true
in its ordinarymeanto
ing,
(III,iv,64). Here, if we understand
lose entirely
the fine force of its use
we
by Shakespeare,
beth
''comparedto true fear,"and fail to see how subtlyLady Macis tryingto persuade Macbeth
that there is no
for
cause
and
fear,that he is not truly"afeard," but merely hysterical
in that,we
fail in part to realize the
unbalanced; and, failing
and force she was
herself displaying,
prodigiousnerve
though
sake.
So, too, a few lines farther on,
vainly,for Macbeth's
Macbeth's
fine saying,"Ere
humane
statute
purged the ge7itle
finer when
that "gentle" means
for us
we
see
weal," becomes
"gentled,"or "and made it gentle"(III,iv,76). But for the
in our
noble
apprehension of such, to us, unwonted
powers
mother
study: work, that is the word for it.
tongue, we must
We
appreciateShakespeare,as we do other things,when he has
cost us something.
IV. With such preliminaryand coincident study,the pupil
we
would
of his
close,critical observation
thought.
"
"
.
of lifeand of the
dramatis
life,of
times; and
as
to age,
V.
universe
of vision called for
expressedor
The
habit
by
the
impliedby
the
of mind
thus
quired
ac-
her to
comprehend quicklythe notions of God,
creation (Weltanschauung)found in ante-protestant
she is ready to sympathizewith humanity,no matter
or
race,
Another
or
clime.
.
by
.
.
of the realization of
source
prolific
conceptionis obtained
There
sweep
personce themselves.
enables
of
.
herself for that wider
prepares
views
.
Shakespeare's
to the pupil.
to ourselves
representing
suggestingthe actor^s view
is much
quickeningof sympathy in
the look, the posture, emphasis, of the character who
words
have a totally
ing
different force accordspeaks. The same
as
they are pronounced; and it is like a revelation to a
to learn that a speech,or
pupil sometimes
even
a
word, was
uttered thus and
VI.
Now,
not
so.
all this is
.
.
.
preliminarywork
and
should
lead
up
LITERATURE
OF
STUDY
of
to the (Estheticappreciation
91
characters;and
Shakespeare's
that
end, real conceptions,right or
it be
understood
distinctly
are
wrong,
essential.
to
Let
all
study of words, of grammatical
construction,of views of life pecuhar to an age past, of bodily
posture and gesture all are the preparationfor the study of
the characters themselves; that is,of the play itself;that is,
calls the
of what Mr. Hudson
Shakespeare of Shakespeare."
If the student does not rise to this view of Shakespeare,she had
better let Shakespeare alone and go at something else. In
Hamlet
as
or
Lear, and of such
studyingthe lives of such men
as
or
Cordeha, it is of the utmost
sequence
conwomen
Lady Macbeth
that the attention of the pupil be so directed to their
of feeling,
deeds and words, their expressionand demonstration
to the things,
further,which theyomit to say or do, as to
make
the conceptionof personality
as strong as
possible.
I hold that the most
effectual and
For a class of boys or girls,
is for them
method
of studyingShakespeare
rapidand profitable
to learn one
play as thoroughlyas their teacher can make them
do it. Then
and a pleasthey can read other playswith a profit
ure
unknown
and unknowable, without such a previousdrill
and study.
these principles,
if such they can
be called,
Applying now
method
of work is this. One of the plays is selected,and
my
brief introductory
after some
the class begins to study.
matter
Each
of lines,and then is expected
pupil reads in turn a number
of the text as are to be found
to give such explanations
in the notes, supplemented by her own
knowledge. She has
pointedout to her such other matters also as may be of interest
:
"
''
"
"
.
and
.
relevant to the text.
are
When
the
from
Macbeth, the
in the
appears
play has been finished or
the play, as Polonius
Fool in King Lear, the
play pointed out to them
"
"
mention
or
is made
biography of
to write
him
composition bane
a
"
auxiliaries
on
this
of
when
in
any
character
Hamlet,
class have
wherein
Duncan
appears
disin
all those sages
pasthis character
speare's,
him; and then,with this,Shake-
before
of
their eyes,
pupils,most
character,without other
hints than they may
have gathered from
"
or
.
they are
required
useful of teachers'
aesthetic assistance
the teacher
in the
is
far
and
compelled
they
do
to
and
compelled
Shakespeare
do
their
to
not
succeeded
what
they
in
know;
how
and
judgment
upon
character.
"
.
.
#
and
far
the
to
do
and
retaining
their
and
They
themselves
is,
how
are
does
the
along
thus
what
think;
not
character
That
express
discussion,
character,
review.
do
why.
in
the
this
under
them
and
work,
under
concerning
approval,
pass
their
be
woman
have
they
modify
to
the
or
man
far
realize
to
meet
is
impressions
wish
they
the
how
show
to
thoughts
not
of
opinions
their
This
study.
their
of
course
LITERATURE
OF
STUDY
92
or
pupils
with
does
are
the
OUTLINES
STUDY
94
The
(6)
of
use
the
pHcations, will
of
the
lead
and
play
to
Critical
the
and
the
In
(7)
should
should
the
volume
of
of the
in
A
Spencer Baynes.
of
collection
is not
specialarticles
The
and
the
close of
the
Near
found
other
In
VI.
will
literature
of each
the
and
the
of
the
important
The
characters.
with
life
this Index.
of
Shakespeare
the
"Shakespeare,
on
Revelation
"Self
"The
White;
and
EngHsh
nation
"CulmiThomas
Shakespeare," by
interestingand
tive
instruc-
literature
Shakespearian
In
plays.
Stephen;
like
in
found.
be
The
serve
the
on
should
by Hamilton
may
"helps"
every
study
more
Shakespeare
of
Explanatory
be
as
a
oj
model
reread.
and
read
Mabie
will be
Venice
that
Wright
Merchant
of literature
study
for
a
is
character
plays.
chapter
found
be
in
this
booklet
the
on
unique general
study
methods
for
of
English
the
study
play.
VII.
In
Booklovers
VIII.
whole
the
in this booklet
analysis
interesting in itself
analysisof
to
the essay
character
a
of
study
to
Grant
Drama
face,
Pre-
descriptionsand
Bagehot;
by Richard
Drama,"
V.
found
Leslie
Shakespeare," by
compass
be
who
by Walter
Man,"
on
chapters
are
the
opinions
mature
the
all
by
the
in these
familiar
become
read
same
the
will
containing
be
of
play.
relating
volume
The
(8)
the
volume
commentaries
and
scholars
Shakespearian
Index
student
the
thorough study
reading
will find
pertaining to
matter
careful
im-
suggestive
more
Comments,
expert knowledge
greatest
still
a
a
student
The
Notes.
to
their
with
Questions,
or
Questions
the
Edition
The
in
will
student
part
"
and
that
be
found
of
any
should
each
accompany
play
suggestivesubjects for
play
should
memorize
the
read
essays.
it aloud
choicest
the
in
"
in
passages.
Topical
Index
of this index any desired passage in Shakespeare,
well as all
as
such
to
special
as
Law,"
Proverbs
relating
s
ubject,
Love,"
and
any
passages
Proverbial Expressions,"
found. This index is
"Woman," etc., can be readily
By
means
"
valuable than
more
Study
an
"
"
expensiveconcordance.
Methods
A carefully
which givessugges'ions
plan of study,
preparedand interesting
and
each
These
and questions
to
act
relating
scene.
studymethods are modeled
of Shakespearean
the course
studypursuedat the leadingAmerican and
upon
u
niversities.
English
Prefaces
of the sources
of the plot,
Criticalaccounts
with descriptions
of earlierand
similarplays,
discussionof the probabledate of composition,
and remarks on the
of Shakespeare's
collaboratorsis interestingly
editions. The question
first
treated.
Text
The
a
famous
"Cambridge" text, which has been the standard for more
generation.It is based
regardedas the most
or changed.
expurgated
been
not
than
the folioof 1 623, the first
collectededition,
and has
Itis
nearlyaccurate and most fully
intelligible
text.
on
Type
and most readable that can be used without makingthe volumes
largest
is sharpand clear-cut,
the
too
bulkyfor convenient handling.The impression
well
and
the
proportioned,
ample.
margin
type-page
The
Paper
The very finestquality
of pure white,smooth paper, manufactured
for thiswork ; willnot discolorwith age ; has a finishagreeableto the
suitableto the typography.
expressly
eye
and
Binding
The books are faultlessly
bound in half-leather
with a fine gradeof red
style
leatherand English
is done in genuine
art cloth on the sides. The back-stamping
and attractive,
leaf gold. The binding
is most artistic
and made to withstand any
of handling
and hard usage.
amount
Illustrations
It contains40 full-page
This editionexcelsallothers in pointof illustrations.
colored
which are inserted by hand.
plates,
reproducedfrom famous paintings,
Heretofore illustrations
likethese were
to be found onlyin the high-priced
editions,
from
Besides
the
color
t
here
$80 to $150 per set.
hundreds
ranging
plates
are
of text and marginal
illustrations.