1. home and garden

HOW
TO
GARDE
A WINDOW
KEEP
FOR
COUNTRY.
OR
TOWN
GIVING
INSTRUCTION
FULL
FOR
Garden
Window
AND
Most
A
CONSTRUCTING
THE
ApprovedMethods
for
Raising
Beautiful Flowers at Home.
A
AND
COMPLETE
USEFUL
BOOK.
New
York:
Publisher,
TOUSEY,
FRANK
34 and
86 North
Moore
Street.
Entered
according
to
Act
Congress,
of
FRANK
in
the
Office
\
k
of
the
Librarian
in
the
year
1885,
b"
TOUSEY,
of
Congress
at
Washington,
D.
(
1)1
CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTORY
CHAPTER
I.
CHAPTER
THE
MINIATURE
10
GREENHOUSE
CHAPTER
HOW
TO
KEEP
WINDOW-PLANTS
II.
FERNS
AND
12
HEALTHY
CHAPTER
MILD
5
.
THEIR
III.
(SCOLOPENDRIUM
CULTIVATION
'
VULGARE)
..
17
.
CHAPTER
WILD
FERNS
AND
THEIR
CHAPTER
FERNS
(SCOLOPENDRIUM
CULTIVATION
{Jdontiuued}
vulgare)
WILD
IV.
AND
THEIR
22
V.
(POLYPODIUM
CULTIVATION
GARE)
VUL-
24
CHAPTER
CHOSEN
VARIETIES
OF
FERNS
VI.
25
CHAPTER
iv
VIT.
PAGE
THE
CULTIVATION
26
FERNS
OF
CHAPTER
SUITABLE
MOSSES
VIII.
CHAPTER
PLANTS
FLOWERING
FOR
IX.
WINDOW
CULTIVATION
CHAPTER
THE
CULTIVATION
OF
SPRING-FLOWERING
.
.
BULBS
33
....
35
PLANTS
PLANTS
:
THE
XII.
GERANIUM
AND
38
FUCHSIA
...
CHAPTER
PROPAGATION
OF
FUCHSIA
THE
XIII.
AND
CHAPTER
AUTUMN-FLOWERING
GERANIUM
XTV.
44
CHAPTER
PLANTS
XV.
J CHINESE
PRIMULA,
OR
CHINA
46
PRTMROSE
CHAPTER
CULTIVATION
41
....
PLANTS
AUTUMN-FLOWERING
.
XI.
CHAPTER
SUMMER
31
.
X.
CHAPTER
SPRING-FLOWERING
29
CULTIVATION
WINDOW
FOR
OF
PLANTS
IN
XVI.
WINDOW-BOXES
47
How
Keep
to
Window
a
Garden.
INTRODUCTORY.
As
trial
chiefly for the indusat
aimed
required no
plainness of language
of flowers, one
in speaking
but
can
hardly
has
little book
my
classes,
the
from
apology
me;
help rising to a somewhat
exquisite beauties, purer
them
in
the
dwell
to
forth
with
do
the
fc
and
so
our
the
analogy
me.nory
to
long
as
we
contemplate
have
would
them
daisy" called
drew
remains,
modest
the
their
on
gaze
we
as
fain
"wee
which
poet
day, and will continue
bedecks
flower"
"crimson-tipped
the
that
as
and
woods,
The
As
arise
thoughts
home.
at
us
lay,
a
life-like,in
to
quiet
level.
higher
and
lanes
written
been
present
mead.
God
made
the
weed
that
and
Architect;
first
we
grows,
in
see
the
although
in
looking
it the
handiwork
and
garden,
the humblest
upon
of the Great
of
Garden
site of the
exact
Eden
waiteth
while
everywhere, and
Beautiful
flowers
willeth.
spread out in a boundless
man
are
varied
localities are
field for our
and
their
as
enjoyment,
pure
be
obscure,
their
as
revel
in
the
the
twilight of
Childhood
with
is the
youth;
days
when
in
we
of
yore"
them
behold
can
counted
end
?
as
a
Man
recreations,
which
the
the
mere
forest
of
type
flowers.
the
and
Let
list
;he
find
we
divine
the
it is
and
back
wander
us
to
blue-bell
a*llhis efforts
Almighty
much
for
done
the
in
has
man
in
fall short
placed
within
early
daffodil, as
of
haunts
and
teaching
?
without
By what
delight
and
daub-ihow,
blooming
but
childhood
always
the
monitors
has
companion.
is its sweet
moss
innocence,
delight to
poppy
of the grove,
solitude
the
the
loves
fern
the
but
sun:
is
corn-cockle
The
hues.
in
Paradise
yet
silence.
Who
mind
they
are
fading, for no
giving him enjoyable
of the holy recreation
reach
of the
humblest
would
first
individual.
In
have
addressing
you
a
love
fellow
my
for flowers
working-men,
?
If you
have,
I
I think
that
ask
lean
6
HOW
KEEP
TO
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
Should
your enjoyment from such love.
that your love of flowers has been
extinguished by
a thousand
drawbacks, I will do my best to rekindle the old
On the
Jlame.
Perhaps it will burn brighter than ever.
"ther hand, if you hare no love for flowers" no love for those
tired of waiting upon
innocent companions which are never
help you
it happen
to increase
result from
sheer
blindness
must
ignorance. I
w"uldtaskyou to reflect. An hour spent in sweet communion
is worth hundreds
spent in dissipation. Most earnestlydo I
entreat
enter
to
this beautiful department of nature, not
you
us"
this
merely
as
spectators, but
as
possessors.
I would
infuse into your
that
receire when
reading of the gorgeous
cities,where festoons of beautiful flowere
the
up ronnd
creep along the quaint balconies, and shoot
doors and curious windows; where
luscious fruit,hanging in
the rosy sunshinn, wantonly crush their delicacies on the lips
of the dark-eyed Eastern
beauties.
The
atmosphere of our
of
such enjoyments;
smoky habitations forbids the existence
be
held
for
embellishment
but reasonable
out
the
of
hope may
windows
of all dwellings,however
situated,to be decorated
form of vegetation. In crowded
cities where the
with some
dwellers may nearlyshake hands with one
another across
the
the genial
street that divides their habitations,where
narrow
the
impuritiesof the
penetrate, and where
rays of the sun never
air offend the dullest sense, a few plants in the windows
help
have
to neutralize
these facts; and we
exhausti
only to search the inthe Creator
treaiure
with which
has clothed the
universe to fnrnish us with something beautiful for our windows.
What
a health-giving
pleasure lies before us, free for
the participationof all; a cup forever overflowingwith
all
that is lovelyis held toward
us
ever
by untiringhands, and howfreelywe may drink of it,no grudge awaits our draught,
for the love of our
Creator for us is infinite.
In advocating the culture of window-plants as a source
from which no
little enjoyment can
be received,I am
fully
that all those who
live in large towns
aware
labor under
It is no dreamy
minds
such as we
splendor of Eastern
pleasure
cent
to enter with any spiriton this innomany disadvantages,
and
instructive
To
the
recreation.
greatest
many
obstacle is knowledge how to grow
window-plants, and the
want
of convenient
windows
for their cultivation.
If these
I might give up the task
obstacles could not be overcome,
of leadingyou forward
to Flora's temple; but when
thousands
the
most
under
known
in
the most
are
unlikelylocalities,
her
adverse
little pleasure from
circumstances, to cull no
to place
bounteous
gifts,it gives me the greatest assurance
method
before you a practical
for acquiringa cultural knowltoo
HOW
KEEP
TO
edge
of plants,and
for their cultivation.
especiallyto adapt
FOR
If I did not
know
WINDOW
A
TOWN
AND
that certain
7
GARDEN.
windows
convenient
COUNTRY.
plants, with
littlecare
in windows
to grow
attention, might be made
where
of
the
blue vault of heaven
light from
straggling rays
toned down
to a dingy hue, as well as in mansions
where
lawns stretch undulatinglyaway
to the far-off hills,and
a
and
the
are
fair
brageous
um-
in the open
trees wave
it I
sunshine, depend upon
have
this task.
undertaken
The greatest doubt
never
would
with which
mind
is possessed, is to be able to persuade
the subject to begin the cultisome
are
on
vation
very dubious
of window-plants" those who
in
the
can
see
no
beauty
quiet enjoyment of a pipe and a glass of home-brewed
by
their own
window-side, but leave ailfor the tinsel happiness
of the noisy tavern.
solaced
with the
But, after all,I am
service to those
thought that my littlebook may be of some
my
who
who
have
Under
already joined the pursuit of floriculture
present
however
florist,
circumstances, the
much
he
artisan,
as
a recreation.
humble
flowers at
or
have
the love of
restrained
ambition
to grow
few
a
affords little scope for
plants,from the fact that his window
their cultivation.
At the best
of windowthe cultivators
have
but
for two
room
three specimens, which
or
plants
are
either placed on the window
or
brackets
sill, on
higher up
the window, circumstances
which
almost bid defiance to any
training of a plant except a one-sided specimen. Then,
again,the plants are continuallyreceiving the dust of the
the full glare of gas by
with
household, which, combined
night, very soon
a sicklyappearbringsthe plants to assume
ance,
considerable
and attention on the part
care
entailing
of the cultivator to keep them
in a healthy condition.
That
at why the cultivators
being the case, it is not to be wondered
of window-plants proceed with the pursuit in a blow hot, blow
the markets
cold sort of way.
When
are
teeming with the
attributes of spring, they are
induced
to purchase a plant or
two.
Exultingly the plants are carried home, assigned the
sunniest
place in the window, and duly killed with kindness,
the window
without
a
remaining for the rest of the season
of vegetation.
semblance
Therefore, the horticulturist who would cater to spread a
taste for window
gardening, ought to have his attention
arrested by these
existingcircumstances, and beside giving
the household
florist a knowledge how
the plants he
to grow
seeks to cultivate,it would
be well at the same
time
to
show
him some
of the
construction
window
which
would
heart, is much
may
in
his
8
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
give greater facilities to
the cultivation of plants, and
also
of the drawbacks
mentioned.
This I have
obviate
some
before
to
do
notice
the window
endeavored
by bringing
your
miniature
or
greenhouse, which will not only be found
admirably adapted for the cultivation of a few plants all the
to the mansion
as well as
year round, but also an ornament
will
found
be
the cottage. The miniature
more
greenhouse
convenient and better adapted for growing plantsthan either
the glass shade, which are
the aquarium or
continuallyin
the way, and require great attention in keeping clean and tit
But the greenhouse being attached
to the
to be looked at.
is out of the way;
outside of the window
the plants get more
easier
are
and
more
examined,
air; they
securely shut off"
air and dust of the household.
from
the! gaseous
Besides,
the miniature
greenhouse,when adorned with a few plants,
the prospect of many
would mend
a dwellingby blockingout
which
is certainlynot the least of its adoffensive objects,
vantages
I take no
credit to
greenhouse.
myself for the invention of
the miniature
In the western
for several years.
parts of Scotland they have
been in use
while running
And
it was
barefoot reluctantlyto school, in the old town
of Edinburgh,
some
that
of
I
first
these ingenisaw
one
twenty years ago,
our
contrivances.
I had a school companion, whose
father
was
a shoemaker, and
there was
no
greater delight for me
than to go with my companion and watch
his father fashion
the shoe upon the last. And
but yesterday since I
it seems
heard the song of the blackbird that hung in a wicker cage
the window, and which was
near
always merriest when the
shoemaker
beat the leather with his flat-headed hammer.
Then, too, as if not to be behind the blackbird, would the
to
dance to the beat of
plants in the littlegreenhouse seem
the hammer.
I was
just chin-tall enough for the windowthat
and to my
sill,
young mind what mystery hung around
And
I
which
earnestlygazed.
fairy-looking
dwelling,into
within me
to inquire of
awakened
although no impulse was
the shoemaker
how he came
to think of his littlegreenhouse,
where
he had drawn
or
his pattern from, yet impressions
were
indeliblymade.
And now,
in looking back
through the telescope of the
come
mind,
those
far-off landscape, belike
a
impressions,
the blackbird, and
visible" the shoemaker,
distinctly
the littlegreenhouse, stand out in bold relief. And where was
attached to the outthis littlegreenhouse, think you ? It was
slde"-ofa back
window
five stories high. And whether it was
intended to shut out offensive objects,
or as a hobby, it is no
matter; there it was, givingpleasureto the shoemaker, who
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
9
GARDEN.
I even
earth.
on
happiest man
be a shoemaker,
myself would
somehow
But
and have a blackbird and a littlegreenhouse.
easier to change than
the garments of the mind
are
or other
for me
time
those of the body ; and when
to leave
it became
than
I
maker
sooner
wanted, the happy shoeno
school, which was
ing
excitand his dwelling gave way to objectsof a more
the
to my Imagination,was
far as to say that I
went
so
nature.
will think
Some
that
the
shoemaker
for each
and
the littlegreenhouse
other
30
they are
eminently adapted
and give up hope, thinkingthat the plants could not sustain
That's a false
life,from the attention
they could give them.
are
"
"
if suffered to remain corrodes
fully
Plants will sustain lifewonderthe best of intentions.
with but littleattention, even
they themselves will struggle
for an existence, and it is only when
become
ral
unnatuwe
in our
that they sometimes
of them
leave us.
treatment
I have seen
in
where
I
have
windows
could
burst
some
plants
and gone to work
into the house
for the sake of those plants
had
accumulated
their
on
by washing off the dust which
I
in
could have put away
some
leaves; others
out-of-the-way
for
to
well
rest
a
assured, when
being
corner, quietiy
season,
with double
awakened, they would bud, shoot and bloom
fear
begotten from
hesitation,which
vigor.
also noticed the uncomfortable
positionof plants in
when
I have
them
windows.
And
with
seen
a great many
their leaves pressed hard against the window
frames, I have
been
his
reminded
of
nose
a boy pressing
always
againstthe
of a confectioner's
window
shop, as eager to get in as the
plants were to get out. You may be sure, that when the leaves
of the plant are pressing against the window, that the habit
of the plant is spoilingfast; the leaves which lean against the
glass not only hurt themselves, but they also prevent the
in the
light from reaching other parts of the plant, which
the
to
be
their
become
as
as
near
light
struggle
neighbors
I have
very
much
attenuated, presenting plenty of leaves
to
the
by, but nothing but long,bare, wiry-lookingbranches
Now
if those plantshad been turned round
and then, so as to expose
now
cessively
every
part of the plant sucto the light,the branches
would have become
nicely
and
the
the
been
outline
of
would
have
mired
adbalanced,
plants
passer
to the cultivator.
much
as the skillof the cultivator.
all the sorts1 of plants which
remember
quaintance
acmy
the shoemaker
had in his little greenhouse, but
there was
which
one
hung from the roof and which possessed
This plant had
roundish,
great attraction for me.
bronzy-green,hairy-lookingleaves, and it threw out a numas
I do not
10
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GAEDEN.
the sides of
ber of red-like threads, which hung down
over
the pot and to the extremity of each
a littleplant was
tached
attwo
there were
three other plantswhich
or
; then
little
of the
rested on the bottom
greenhouse,strange,dumpyall
and
prickles
points, and very seldom
looking fellows,
the fashionable plants of the present day. The
seen
among
which
shoemaker, I will remember, called the one
was
pended
susThe others were
from the roof " Aaron's Beard."
one
sorts of cacti,and a variegated aloe, all of which
I
or two
in the same
have since learned will grow
flower-potfor year$,
and require but littleattention beyond being kept clean, and
season.
receivinga littlewater during the summer
hundreds
of plants quite suitable for window
As there are
the
culture,
plan adopted in the following pages, will be
Beside
found to meet
the requirements of all classes.
plaining
exof the miniature
the construction
greenhouse, and
aid
the
of the greenhow to make
certain windows, where
house
is not available,calculated for the culvation of plants,
expensi
they will also show how each may be adorned with a few inautumn
and winter;
plants in spring, summer,
few
of a
and when
these are
done
varieties
how
a
with,
choicer and somewhat
succeed them.
costlier kind can
Having offered these few introductoryhints on Window
Gardening, I trust that my unpretending littlework on this,
of the simplest modes
of cultivating
one
flowers,may find
favor and indulgencefrom
those who, like myself, cherish a
affection
for
these
warm
dence
precious giftsof a beneficent Provibut
from
and
the
who,
necesssityof
;
scanty means,
dwelling in the confined streets of the metropolis,or other
largetowns, find it difficultto gratifya taste as natural as
"
it is pure and elevating"
one, in fact, that leaves no sting
behind."
CHAPTER
THE
MINIATURE
I.
GREENHOUSE.
Given
the cover, resembles, as near
on
as
possible to my
mind's eye, that of the shoemaker's
described in the preceding
chapter. And although I cannot recall any data regarding
its construction, ventilation,etc.,as
the opportunity
of
passed away long before I ever thought of taking notes
useful facts,yet I have
managed to construct ;such a greenhouse,
which shall be my guide in the present instance.
In offering
I must
request you to
you these instructions,
look back to the drawing. You will perceive that the picture
does not interfere with the slidingof the window-sashes, and
TO
HOW
that
KEEP
the ventilation
A
11
GARDEN.
WINDOW
dwelling and greenhouse
of the
are
pendent
inde-
which
should
not be
circumstances
the
little
modification
sight
conservatory
is
feet
window
5
and
3 1-2 feet
undergo.
My
high
may
broad, and the greenhouse attached to it is 3 feet high and
2 1-2 feet broad, with a frcnt elevation of 2 feet.
The
ventilator at the top of the greenhouse is merely a
piece of board, hinged to the back piece,and held open by
of a little hook
and staple. In order that a constant
means
of air may
be passing through the structure, several
stream
littleholes are pierced in the bottom, which
be covered
may
left uncovered
at pleasure. The
or
tom,
whole, except the botis firmly dovetailed
dow
together, and secured to the winin the followingmanner:
To each side of the window, en
the outside, and close to
the window-sill,is fixed an
upright board, three-quarters of
inch thick, and broad enough to lie flush with the outer
an
face of the wall.
These
more
secure
uprights are made
by
of each
lost
of
means
fit
other"
of, whatever
a
batten
cross
at
the
top, which
tight
with projectingarms
brackets,"
as
as
to rest
possible,and
are
upon,
be
well
of
screwed
to
two
the
should be made
to
driven
Two
home.
feet,for the greenhouse
bottom
sill of the
window.
This
being done, the greenhouseis lifted on to the brackets
to them, also to the uprights,which, it must
be
of
the
breadth
of
the
are
remembered,
part
greenhouse.
Therefore
for them
allowance
be made
must
an
accordingly.
If all the
foregoing details are done in a workmanlike
and
screwed
the stoutest
gale will
disturb
the miniature
it yourself, any
cannot
construct
greenhouse.
will
furnish
with
such
respectablejoiner
a one
as I have
you
has cost me
described,at a very small price. My own
nearly
ten
dollars ; but
could
be made
stillcheaper.
they
with
bow-windows
to me
to be well
seem
Dwelling-houses
the
where
adapted for the cultivation of flowers. And
could be spared, the bow-window, with little expense,
recess
might be converted into an elegant little greenhouse: For
such a purpose
all that is required is merely a little wooden
for
the plants to stand
or wire
and
curtain
a
stage
upon,
hanging square with the room, to shut the plants off'at night
from the gaseous air, or when
The
dusting the apartment.
be
in
the
constructed
stage might
followingmanner:
The
shelf of the stage should
be about
feet from
two
the floor,and placed so that one
end would be at the center
of the window, and the other nearly square
with the room.
Thejothershelves of the stage, should rise by steps from the
window.
center one, to each side of the
One
center
shelf,
manner,
But
if you
never
12
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
three or four others running from it to each side of the
ot
window, would give the cultivator space for the purpose
of plants. And
by constructing the stage
growing a number
ened
darknot be so much
the apartment would
in this manner,
allowed to stand fair before
the
as if the plants were
doubt
be
No
found
window.
some
people are to
altogether
from
in
the
the
plants
window,
against having
very reason
be darker
that the already dark apartment would
still. But
would
this darkness, dreaded by them, not
be akin to the
full
sweet
were
gloom of the forest;or again,if the windows
of the noonday sun, would it not be better to let the fierce
into the dwelling
by flickering
rays of that luminary be subdued
ing
through gracefulfronds and fragrantflowers,than drawbeautiful
be
? What
artificial
blinds, however
they might
blind could be compared to that natural one, which presents
field for change and recreation ?
such a boundless
With regard to window-boxes,
a great many
people secure
little pleasure in growing a few flowers in boxes
no
placed
outside of the window, and that enjoyment might be increased
greatlyby protectingthe flowers from the scorching heat of
and heavy rains.
for that purpose
have only
the sun
And
we
to copy the shop-keeper in his efforts to prevent the sun
from
windows.
the
in
bis
How
much
wares
more
fortable
comspoiling
the plants would
feel,we need hardly say, while in
these extremities,to be under the protection of a littlecanopy.
For this,all that would
be required might be had for a trifling
A roller with a chintz blind, fixed half way
sum.
up the
above
the
and
two
flowers,
piojecting rods, just
window,
of each, to draw
down
with a piece of cord through the end
window-blind
fixture
it
to draw
the blind, with the common
blind
The
down
of
the
and
the
is
complete.
drawing
job
up,
of an
evening, and in cold weather in early spring,would
with
of spring-flowering
the establishment
bulbs,
much
and
also
them
into
flower
making
sooner,
bringing
the season
of
them last longer. And
by the same
economy
and
be
would
materiallylengthened
summer-flowering plants
into late autumn"
extended
speak loudly
advantages which
that simple, yet
in favor of giving flowers in window-boxes
greatly prosper
efficient,
protection.
favorite is the miniature
But, after all,my
greenhouse,
other appliall
it
does, great advantages, over
ances
possessing,as
is
for window
when
it
And
neatly,
got up
gardening.
and nicelypainted, using good plain 21 oz.
glass, the little
embellishes
the habitation wonderfully. But some
structure
"
Mr. or Mrs. So-and-So
has got a greenhouse,"
may exclaim,
We say that this is a vanity which
should have
with a sneer.
no
place in the greenhouse except for the flower's sake.
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
13
residences where the apartments
heated by hotare
I
see
apparatus,
nothing to prevent the miniature
from
greenhouse
being heated by the same
means.
Hot
be laid almost anywhere by experienced workmen,
water
can
and a couple of inch pipes led round
the
bottom
of the
would
sufficient
heat
to
resist
give
a
greenhouse,
great
and thus some
of frost,
amount
of the more
choice green house,
if not stove
With
plants, might be cultivated.
reference to
of
the
the
builders
of cottage
dwellings
working classes,
property might, by introducingthe miniature greenhouse on
rent, and also be the means
finishingthe house, obtain more
of leading the dwellers into a more
happy and contented kind
to
of life. What
the
a contrast
existingstate of things,
when
their happiness, as
it were,
passes through a sieve
shaken by their own
hands, leaving nothing but lumps of
for the rest of their clays. At any rate, the principle
sorrow
is worth
trying.
How
cheerful it is to pass along a street where
the houses
have small gardens in front,and
to see
in the windows
of
those houses
fuchsia or a geranium strivingto catch a
a
What
a
glimpse of the sun.
heightened tone it would give
introduce
to
to the
miniature
a
picture
greenhouse, gaily
dressed with some
of nature's simplest but sweetest
gems.
To pass along such places in winter, when
vegetation may
be said to be dead, how
cheerful to behold a few of our hardiest
ferns decorating the habitations;or in early spring to
the sweet-smelling
see
hyacinth and the golden crocus
ing.
peepin
the fuchsia with a hundred
forth; or
summer,
drops,
earand the geranium, so pictorial,
fresh
and
fair
looking
all without
within their dwelling, when
waits the refreshing
with
shower
parched impatience; or, in the eleventh hour of
to see the last link of the floral year displayed in
the season,
the white
and
yellow chrysanthemum, and all the while
sweet
ferns interspersedbetween.
What
a beautiful trait of
it is to give us innocent flowers for all seasons.
nature
To
be
should
there
sort
mind
of
a
a
between
co-partnership
my
the song of the bird,the bloom
of the flower,and the mind
of man.
The flower's capital is innocence, the song of the
bird is gratitude,
but, alas ! the human
mind
is a selfish
agent, carrying his independence so far as to care for neither
t lie fragrance of the one
the melody of the other.
nor
To
of
the
the
latter
of
beautiful
flowers
is
mere
display
many
dumb-show, and the sweet
fusion
song of birds a chatteringconand
would
ask
how
should
such things help a
they
;
in the world? innocence
is only for childhood.
man
on
But there is something apart from the innocence of flowers
which man
might with profitmake emblematic of himself in
In
some
water
14
TO
HOW
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
existence which
ing
Takruns
through nature.
lit up by the
for example, who greatly smiles when
man
wheu
darkened
ill-fortune
of prosperity, but
he
sun
by
leaf under
the foot of his kindred.
shrinks like a withered
to consider
the flowers,and try to
Think you, if such were
at
all
to
smile
to be like the snowbe like them"
seasons"
drop,
flown
has
the
to
the
forth
snow
north
ere
icy
peeping
;
their humbleness
to measure
by that littleflower,would their
strengthlie in a withered leaf ? Far from it,they would be
like " Aaron's rod."
We can
find a
more
likelyto bud, even
the flowers.
If we wish to be proud,
type for us all among
But if we wish to live
have only to cultivate the poppy.
we
of the daisy, the primand be respected,let us be mindful
rose,
The
last three live in melody of
and the snowdrop.
the poppy ?"
But where is the rhyme that measures
song.
the
strugglefor
"Pleasures
seize
You
like poppies spread,
is fled."
flower, the bloom
Let us look at the mighty oak of the forest for a true type
of society. See the lusty,sinewy limbs of the lower
part.
forth
their
to
stretch
meet
How
the
brawny arms, ready
they
action of the stoutest gale, How
they revel in their strength.
See how
upward, and join issue with
gallantlythey mount
those above, and they in turn with those still higher; each
with the other making compact, and lending embellishment
Yet from all parts of the tree saplesstwigs
to the whole.
to the ground. Hark, there's a crash.
are
continuallyfalling
A bough, fretful-like at those
above, and un beholden-like to
aloof thinking to reach the summit
those
around, sprung
without encountering the various
crossings which lay in its
path, is caught by the storm, snapped asunder and dashed to
of
the ground, without
even
being caught in the embrace
friends.
sympathizing
But to resume
more
practicalmatter let me say, that with
the miniature
greenhouse,and a sovereign a year to spare
household
be without
florist need
the
for flowers,
never
a
It
is
week
flower
of
the
in
even
derful
wonplant
fifty-two.
any
be had, as I will show,
what a display of flowers can
for the expenditure of a few shillings.But before proceeding
with what to grow and how to grow, a few remarks
relating
to plant lifein general will not be out
of place. In fact,it
is almost necessary
doubt have plants
As
no
to do so.
many
are
the
alreadv in their windows, of which
CHAPTER
HOW
As
with
man
TO
KEEP
I may
ually.
speak individ-
II.
WINDOW-PLANTS
cleanliness
not
is maintained
HEALTHY.
to be next
to
godli-
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
15
healthiness.
be growing in the window,
not be allowed
to accumulate
the dust of the dwellingmust
should
week
week
be carefully
their
after
leaves
on
; they
and a littletepid
washed
and then with a sponge
every now
plants,cleanliness
Therefore, whatever
plants may
ness,
so
witb
is essential to
water.
In doing this,do not take hold of the leaf with the fingers
with a pair of pincers,but let the footstalk of the leaf slip
as
in betwixt the fingersof the left hand, and the
back
of the
the
leaf lie on the palm of the hand.
Then
apply
sponge
In sponging the feathery
until the leaf be properly cleansed.
fronds of ferns the task is rather more
Let a pordelicate.
tion
the
of
and
with
frond
lie
the
the
of the
on
hand,
palm
sponge moderately wet, press the frond against the hand
gently,but do not rub the sponge up and down, and shifting
the hand forward with the operation until the frond is finished.
This sponging is to keep the leaf free from dust, and to wash
fronds.
These
sects
inany scalyinsects from oft'the leaves, or
to the
generallylodge on the bacfc of the leaves, near
vator.
midrib, and should have no quarter whatever from the cultiinsect commonly
called the
There
is also another
which is a great pest to certain plants,and
if suffered
green fly,
to remain, will wholly ruin
the plants. Spring-flowering
plants,such as the calceolaria and cineraria, are particularly
also the show geraniums,
subjectto this annoyance;
and the young
shoots of the fuchsia,a3
well as
other
many
soft-wooded
plants are infested with this fly. The species
mediately
being rapidlypropagated,the insect should be destroyed imand
of
for
this
the
is
on
no
being detected,
sponge
avail.
The best and surest way of destruction is to fumigate the
smoke.
non-smoker
The
plants infected with pure tobacco
do this very effectually
With
in the following manner:
may
the stalk or runt of a cabbage, or any similar object, make
sort
of horn, and
fix the narrow
end
the nozzle of
a
on
the tire bellows.
Then
push a little shag tobacco into the
horn, and place a small, red-hot cinder on the top of it,and
tobacco on the cinder, and with the ventilators
a little more
of the greenhouse shut, and the window
down
to the mouth
of the horn, blow the bellows until the greenhouse is densely
full of smoke, in which state it should remain for two or three
hours.
has cleared away
the
When
the smoke
examine
plants,and if the fumigation has done its work, the insects
will be lyingon their backs on the leaves and round
about,
be easilyshook or
perhaps not dead, but so as they can
blown from the plants. After that has been done, sweep the
into the dust-pan, and
remains
the execution
is completed.
16
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
have not the advantage of the miniature greenhouse
must
devise some
other means
to retain the smoke
round about the plant. An empty box, or a largepaper bag
be equally suitable.
to envelop the plant would
cleared away,
the insects are
the
After fumigation,and
Those
who
in flower,might receive a gentlewatering over
head with advantage.
to keep plants healthy by
far I have
shown
how
Thus
what
Let us see
clean.
else they require
keeping them
them
in
that
state:
to
Air, food, light,training,
keep
included
the first two
under
rest.
and
I might have
food alone; but it suits the present purpose
better for
to
be
To
them
separated.
keep plants pent up for weeks
months
air but what
without
and
comes
bouncing in
any
is opened,
when
the
the door
or
whistling through
is
not
the
when
to
closed,
keep plants healthy.
keyhole
way
All our hardy ferns, all spring-flowering
plants, all summer
chrysanthemums, love to feel the
geraniums and autumn
in
of
the
freshness
fact,it is their very life. And although
air;
be said to be very seldom abroad
the freshness of the air may
in our largetowns, yet, by keeping the leaves of the plants
able to breathe
of what
is going;
clean, they are the more
first have
the opportunity of doing so, and
but they must
to the
that frequently,to keep them healthy. We now
come
water.
soil
and
food of plants"
able to
It cannot
be expected that window-gardeners are
attention to the food of plants as is practiced
pay the same
by professionalgardeners; though I must
say, all books
for the guidance of amateur
hitherto written
gardeners
to think otherwise.
of
would
lead one
Now, in the matter
soil
know
that the amateur
is
soil and water"
especially"we
in
with
the
at
a
comparison
placed
very great disadvantage
a certain strictness,
professionalgardener; and to recommend
It is
the plants will not grow, is quite out of character.
or
certaiu
certain
soil
to
that
true
a
plants require
quite
grow
On the other
in and be well ; in fact,we see that in nature.
hand, it is as true that we see miscellaneous
plants growing
miscellaneous
termed
soil.
be
in what
Therefore, to
may
meet
the case of the window-gardener, the better plan would
to the man,
to the
not the man
be to adapt the circumstances
him
number
of
certain
soil
for
a
a
circumstances, by giving
dry, be
plants,and by tellinghim to water the plants when
it morning, noon,
or
night, unless when the plants are at
plants,if not
"
rest.
would be the most
suitable and
come-at-able, for all window-plants to grow in, can
there is a hedge growing.
in any
localitywhere
A
soil which
the most
be found
Go
along
18
HOW
root, beside
TO
KEEP
livingon
to the health
Just fancy
the fat of the
of the
having the
GARDEN.
WINDOW
A
soil,which
is very hurtful
plant.
naked
twisting between
foot in
a
peck of soil,and
a
the
toes, and
having no power
long worm
I have
to prevent the gyrations of the tormentor.
heard
of the window-plants have
been
people 6xclaim, when some
doing badly, "I'm
there's
of that
ascertain the fact.
state for months.
To
at
whether
there
be
the
ascertain
root of the plant or
a worm
not, turn the plant upside down, with the neck of the plant
between
the ringers
of the left hand, and the right hand on
the
bottom
of
the
pot, give the edge of the pot a tap or two
the window
sill,and the ball of soil containing the roots
on
out.
If the fancied worm
is there,several little
will come
made
all
round
the
will
be
channels
sides of the ball, and,
perhaps, the maker will be coiled into a lump close to the
side. Fork him out at once, and fillup any vacancies with a
littlefresh soil. In re-pottingthe plant,give the bottom
of
to settle the ball nicely
the floor,
the pot a tap or two
on
If no channels or littleholes are visible on
down.
the sides
conclude
of the ball,it is safe to
there is no
and the
worm,
of the plant must
arise from
unhealthiness
other causes.
With
ture
respect to watering plants" the position of the miniain general, being a dry one
greenhouse,and windows
the plants will requireto be almost dailywatered,
in summer,
and
all soft-wooded
plants before coming into flower, are
benefited
much
by having their leaves well besprinkled
clean
with
water, two or three times a week, oftener if possible.
sure
a
they have done nothing
plant;"
Thus
in this
the plants have gone
on
but
at
worm
the
root
to
"
ing,
brings us to the training;as the child requires trainthe
Plants
should
does
of
the
so
plant.
geranium type
that
be suffered to become
never
is,possessinglong,
leggy,
with a few green leaves on the top. Endeavor
bare branches
the
to the pot,
to keep
plant as bushy as possible,and near
This
branch
have
another.
no
a
over
preponderance
letting
is accomplished by nipping off the points
of the ybung shoots
has
been
after the plant
some
potted in spring,and made
in
branches
into
growing; also, by leading
any
progress
weak
side of the plant. Nipping the points of the young
other shoots,
shoots induces the plant to throw out numerous
the training of
information
hence the practice. More
on
This
found further on, in the chapter describing
the cultivation of the fuchsia.
to the rest of plants,call it sleepif you
We
come
now
will,
"
chief nourisher
in life'sfeast."
The natural rest of plants
it is more
obscure.
is discernible in some, while in others
plants will
be
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
19
Thus we. see the trees of the forest,the hedge-rows, and the
fruit-trees of our
gardens lose their leaves and go quietly to
try to shake them from
sleep. Aud the rough winds may
voice of spring
But
it is not until the sweet
their lethargy.
callingmelodiously for leafy boughs, that the sleepers are
and fulfillthe divine mission of love.
necessitated to awake
Then away
they burst, leading forth a gloriousbass to the
Feathered choristers.
son,
Nearly all plants under pot culture require rest in due seaand that season
i3 generallyafter the plants have done
flowering. All plants that have flowered during summer,
such as the geraniums of sorts, aud
fuchsias, are rested by
all through the
at
the
roots
being kept moderately dry
In fact the fuchsia should
dow
winter.
be taken out of the winand
in some
placed away
altogetherin that season,
there
cellar
free
to
until
from
remain
or
dryish
frost,
shelf,
round.
The plant is then brought forth, and
springcomes
of the old soil,
the shoots shortened, the roots
out
shaken
and re-pottedin fresh,set in the window, and away the plant
goes on the journey of life. Just like the laborer, who,
having gone through the operation of the toilet,after a good
with renewed
off to his work
vigor;
night'ssleep,marches
him
to
wholesome
food
and
habits
keep
cleanly
requiring
healthy,and we may add content, to make him happy.
Thus we see ti" keep a window-plant healthy,the leaves of
be kept clean; they must
the plant must
have
plenty of air,
and abundance
of water
be given to the plant during the
be potted in a nice free sandy
which
must
growing season,
and
then
receive a little liquid
soil,well-drained,and now
trained
The plant must
also be
manure.
by pinching off the
of
the
or
shoots,
points
down; and
tying them
young
whether
the plant has fulfilled its task by shedding a
or not
few flowers, the plant must
have a little rest after its exertions,
which will be noticed
in the remarks
tion
the cultivaon
of plants in the succeeding chapters.
CEAPTER
WILD
FERNS"
THE
III.
SCOL0PENDRIUM
VULGARE.
the many
varieties of wild plants that grow
around
in the country, none
esting
interour
or far away
seem
more
cities,
than the fern tribe. Indeed, I may say that none
are
better adapted for decorating the miniature
greenhouse.
Their graceful fronds, like palms in miniature, are
more
i
f
blossom
of the primlasting, they are not so pretty, as the
rose;
and although the greater number
of the varieties of
Among
20
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
love shady nooks, yet there are
varieties that
some
where they receive littleor no shelter
grow far up on the hills,
from the scorching rays
of the sun, nor
does the hardest
winter
their
fronds.
nip
lonely
Therefore,our windows
being
furnished with the miniature greenhouse, whether
they partake
of the dull aspect of the back slums
the hot and
or
dusty
be
adorned
and
made
cheerful
by a few
thoroughfare,may
It
objects drawn from that part of nature's boundless store.
to give a long list of varieties to choose
is not my intention
from
that would
be but to confuse you with a host of hard
which the daisy, the buttercup and the fern
botanical names
knew
not until scieace christened them afresh; but to confiue
to a few varieties of ferns and other wild plants
remarks
my
which grow in almost every country ; also a few cultivated
plants. And for the guidance of those persons who may have
the wild plants
some
in gettingto the places where
difficulty
remarks, add a list of the
grow, I will,at the close of my
whole, with their prices affixed,and which can be purchased
from any nurseryman.
The first family or tribe of ferns that I would draw your attention
"
to as being worthy of notice is the
Hart's tongue,"
of
botanists.
In searching for
or Scolopendrium vulgare,
that it will be found growing most
this fern, remember
riantly
luxuthe spray
by the side of brooks in deep glens,where
in
for
and
kisses it
its comof the brook leaps up
pany.
gratitude
be
Methinks
that it would
cruel to part such sweet
in absence
of
pine away
friends"nay, the plant would
there
the
is one
of
kind a little higher
the brook.
same
See,
to
live
with
more
that
the
bank,
likely
you; for know
up
plants, when transplanted from very sheltered places, from
liable to die than
others taken
from
being tender, are more
lesson
This
is
tion.
cultivasituations.
on
a
plant
great
exposed
ferns
"
here let me
say that if you wish the plants which you
"todo well with you, you must
wild
homes
from
their
gather
less
ruthcruel plant-seekers,who, in the most
not
be like some
from
the soil in which they are
tear them
manner,
away
and
into
tumble
them
a handkerchief, and
found growing,
by
their lovelyfronds are all bruised
the time they reach home
When
and broken.
like,you
you would
you espy one which
armed
work
must
systematically.Having
yourself
go to
from
with a littletrowel, and a longishtin box
slung
your
the plant carefully. If it
shoulder, stoop down and examine
in stones,
fast embedded
be that the roots of the plant are
look for another that is less so; tie up the leaves or fronds
about it with
with a piece of band, and loosen the soil round
not
to come
Be careful in doing so
the trowel.
any nearer
And
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
21
GARDEN.
plant than three inches, and preserve, if possible,every
have
portion of rootlet intact. When
got the plant up,
you
reduce
the ball of soil considerably, and put the
you may
box"
into
tin
would
a mother
plant
your
aye, as carefullyas
the
place her sleepinginfant into
The Scolopendrium grows
the cradle.
in tufts, and
in favored situations
colored
dark-green
shining
cording
fronds, varying from eight inches to two feet in length,acto the locality. The fronds are of a stiffish,
leathery
in
and
breadth, but two
nature, slightlyrecurved,
varying
inches at the broadest part, which is a little beyond the middle
of the frond,may
be taken as an average ; then they gradually
to
from
the
same
a point;
taper
part they gradually
decline in breadth to within six inches of the crown
of the
nates
plant,where the leafy portion of the frond abruptly termiin a heart-shaped manner,
and the whole is supported
colored stalk or
on
a stout, dark-brown
stipe. This stipe,
immediately it joinsthe frond, is termed the " mid-rib," and
the upper
of the green color of the frond on
partakes more
of the
color
surface,but on the under it retains the dark
stipenearly throughout. On the under side of the fronds a
number
of broad, parallellines,covered, in a mature
state,
with a brown sort of dust, stand out in an
directiou
oblique
with the mid-rib very prominently. All ferns, with
few
a
marked
in
various
exceptions, like the Scolopendrium, are
These
marks
the under
side of the fronds.
manners
on
botanists call son", and constitute,so to speak, the flower of
the fern ; and from their positionand formation
the different
tribes of ferns are partly distinguished.It is not from any
fancied resemblance
flower that
to the colored petals of a
ply
simconsidered
those marks
are
as the flower of the fern,but
from the fact that it is there that the seed of the future
throws
out
numerous
plant is developed.
That brown
invisible when sealmost
parated
dust, which becomes
its kindred, to become
from
a living plant, might
here is life almost from nothingness.
Beside
the Scolopendrium vulgare, there are
a
great
ing
advertisvarieties"
one
many
very interesting
nurseryman
hundred
different
sorts.
near
a
But there are only
upon
those
two or three to be found in a state
of wildness, and
nut near
ing
followand
two
the
so common
as vulgare.
That,
said
of the species found
in
to
be
be
chief
varieties,
may
a wild state.
we
not
say
from
Scolo'pendriumcrispum is readily distinguished
by having the edge of the fronds frilled much after
fashion of the shirt front of former
grandfathers still stick to with
our
days, and which
some
gare,
vulthe
ot
great tenacity. Indeed,
22
a
KEEP
A
GARDEN.
WINDOW
of a glossywhite instead
variety were
lightglossy green, they would be a capital imitation
if the fronds
of
TO
HOW
of
this
doubt nature, in the firstinstance,as she does in many
furnished
the design of the frilledfront.
more,
is easilydistinguished
from the
Scolopendrium cristatum
the
the
varieties
fronds
crumpled,
tips of
by having
foregoing
the
wiud.
tassels
in
This
like so many
variety,
waving
green
miration,
well as that of crispuni, displaysa great craving for adas
in
find
miniature
the
and therefore oughtto
a corner
filled
and
The
crested
varieties
barren of
are
greenhouse.
fructification ; that is to say, they have no patches of so?*i on
of their barrenness
is imperfectly
the fronds.
The reason
known
more
er
high; but it is supposed that, like a great many
in
hidden
.of
who
in
the
scale
see
no
efficacy
nature,
up
beauty, therefore expose all to the first glance. But it would
be well if they imitated this little fern, and exposed nothing
and
no
but their own
ware.
The name
'\Scolopendrium,"which
of ferns, is supposed to have been
which
the sort
from the resemblance
is
applied to this genus
given to it by botanists
bears
the feet of the
tifically
Jenny-with-the-hundred-feet,"which is sciencentipede,or
termed Scolopendra hen"e
Scolopendrium. But I
the two, unless it be the fancied
likeness between
see
no
can
which
the oblong patch of brown
sort bears to
resemblance
the insect itself.
The aspect of these three varieties of ferns,taken
in the
in
the
whole
order treated of,is the simplest
genera of British
that their fronds are more
entire
ferns from the circumstance
than all other
merous
species;that is, they are not cut up into nuto
other ferns a feathery
wings or pinnoe, which give
to
"
"
appearance.
CHAPTER
ferns
IV.
(Continued.}
hard
northern nard
fern, or common
fern,or Blcchis
fern
next
the
I
to which
boreale
of
botanists,
num
It may
be said to be the only
attention.
would call your
wild variety that we
possess belonging to that interesting
group of ferns; though sometimes, in the search for this
thai is,a variety
across
a decided
sport
fern, we may come
with characteristics quite different from the common
variety.
of
Blechnum
with
the
fronds
1 have
the
gathered specimens
The place
at the point,like a fish-tail.
or less forked
more
the bank
of
on
where
I gathered that singular sport was
of
the
I
have
also
where
a country lane,
gathered specimens
The
"
HOW
common
xG
xlGGl'
variety,with
length,having
barren
A
VV'IlwOv,
fertile mm
is hvo
fronds nearly two
23
GARDEN.
feet five inches
feet.
I
never
in
saw
hard fern grow so luxuriantlyas it does in that
tober"the
that is,the month
of Oclane; and in the present season
fronds literallyclothe the bank
with robes
of
glossygreen, when all around is brown and sere.
Here, then, we may say that these ferns have been growing
from time immemorial; and in examining the soil in which
they are growing, we find it to be composed wholly of decayed
vegetable matter, not boggy, but leafy and loose. And in
looking at the position of the bank, with an aspect almost
due west, slightly
shaded
would
almost
think
by trees,one
that the ferns would suffer greatlyin the hot summer
months.
But such is not the case.
The roots being well covered with
their own
decayed fronds and other grassy matter, are always
in a most
healthy state; but take away that covering for a
summer's
shriveled and
day, and the fronds would become
brown
long before their season, which you would do well to
And
suffer decayed fronds
remember.
to
as
we
cannot
remain
about
the plants, from
their unsightliness,
other
would
be devised which
the same
ends.
means
must
secure
A littlemoss
would answer
the purpose, and look well at the
time.
And
if little round
same
baskets, also covered with
could
be procured to place the flower-potsin ,the
moss,
whole ends would be obtained.
The common
hard fern grows in tufts similar to the hart's
tongue, and is possessed of two diflerent kinds of fronds,
The former are evergreen,
namely, barren and fertile ones.
almost
and
of
various
prostrate,
lengths,from one inch to
three inches at their broadest
part, and from six inches to
twenty inches may be taken as their length. The lower portion
of the frond is pinnate, while the upper is " pinnatind;"
that is,the leafyportion of the frond
commencing at the
stipeis cut completely away at intervals varying in breadth
according to the size of the frond,and toward the apex of the
frond it is only partiallycut, not
rib;
fullyreaching to the midand
the whole
aspect of the frond is what is termed
"
lanceolate,"or spear-shaped. The fertile fronds,spring up
from the root a littlelater on in the season.
They are more
erect
and
somewhat
in front and
in
taller,but narrower
than
the
barren
not
ones.
pinnae
They are
strictly
evergreen,
and on the under side of the pinnae,along each
side of the
mid-vein
with the sort, is exposed to view, a longitudinal
similar
to the hart's tongue, but darker in color.
The
patch,
fertile as well as the barren
fronds
are
supported on very
dark-colored
have a little groove
channel
or
stipes,which
the
of
the
entire
the
frond on
running
length
upper surface.
the
common
"
24
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
Toward
the root the stipesare covered with a scaly sort of
substance, and both fronds are extremely hard to the touch ;
"
hence the very appropriate name,
hard fern."
common
I have now
well
I
know
guage,
as
explained, as
how, in plain lanthe chief characteristics of the foregoing ferns,and
would willingly
lead 3Tou further afield;but that field is so
wide and full'
of objects,that I am
almost
placed in the same
had
thousand
dresses to
a
predicament as the lady who
choose
under
the painful necessity of
from, and who was
of
the "day in considering
the
frittering
greater part
away
to put on ; and who, when
which
no
dressed, had sometimes
little mortification in thinking that she might have
looked
have
I
much
had a
better in something else. And
though
to do in choosing the wherewithal
to
good deal of frittering
dress the miniature
greenhouse,yet I hope to have none of
that lady'smortification;
but, before stepping away from the
ferns of our
woods, let me
point out, in the next chapter,
another group as being well worthy of attention.
CHAPTER
wjld
ferns
V.
(Continued.)
ists.
polypod, or Polypodium vidgare of botan"
"
the
final
e" to
which
vulgare"
requires
be sounded, is very often applied scientifically
to
plants to
denote that they are
common,
just as the word vulgar is
individuals
to
who are rude and boorish in
commonly applied
and common
their manners,
But the sense
enough they are.
in each case
is rather different. If it were
kind
applied to manattached
the
little
to
with the same
is
fern,
meaning as
should all be vulgar, which is too sweeping a conclusion ;
we
and it would be a great pity if the fern could mend
its commonness,
but a great blessingit the majority of men
would
The
common
The
word
mend
their manners.
The
common
polypod is a fern that adapts itself,and
be
makes
of the various
the most
situations in which it may
found
growing; sometimes
waving its pale, green-colored
fronds by the wayside ; sometimes
by the brook ; now hanging
of
and
the
the
often bidding defiance to
over
abyss
quarry,
the storm
lesson
the high rocks
of the hills. What
a
on
might be read from the adaptability of this little fern. In
tion
describingthe Polypodium vulgare,I must call your attenhitherto been
to a part of the plant on
which
I have
silent,namely, a certain part of the root, which is a distinct
feature in this fern,and more
or less of all the other varieties
that compose
the group
of polypods. Wherever
growing,
the stipes of the common
found
to spring
polypods will be
10
EC.
will be found
a
_
decided
The
greenhouse.
Window
A
:_r
v
garden.
ture
acquisitionfor embellishingthe miniafirst claiming special attention is
crested
buckler
fern. This
Lastrea
cristata, or
variety throws out several fronds from two to four feet in
length,gracefullyrising from a dark, scaly,tree-like stem.
The edges of the deep green-coloredfronds being beautifully
crested, give this fern an eleganceunsurpassed by any other
noble
a
and
varieties of hardy ferns; and where
striking
cristata
should
be
Lastrea
is
remembered.
desired,
specimen
to the
As
foregoingvariety in habit and color,
a contrast
named
Pulypodium auritum, or eared polypody,may be favorably
mentioned; the fronds being a pale green color, and erect,
bushy habit,breaks, but
does
obscure
not
the wavy
outline
of the Lastrea.
which
would
nearly correspond
with
named
Adiantum
the
two
is
ferns,
capillas
foregoing
fern.
is
So delicate
this little
veneris, or the maiden-hair
fern in the structure
and graceof the fronds and lealilets,
fulness
with
the refreshing greenness
of habit, combined
which
the leaflets possess, as to entitle this fern to a prominent
collections.
With
the
Lastrea
cristata
all
in
position
the Polypodium
auritum
as a back-ground, and
placed in
of
in front
that, a beautiful bank
front, with the maiden-hair
of moss
is placed before
of ferns is formed; and when
a pan
the ferns,the group is worthy the pencilof the artist.
great favorite
Another
CHAPTER
CULTIVATION
THE
The
foregoing
VII.
varieties
OF
FERNS.
ferns,as well as many more
by giving them a little shelter
and by keeping drought from
of
easilygrown
the hot
summer
from
sun,
well
will
their roots; they
repay
any other littleattention
will also be found
bestowed.
The varieties before mentioned
in a loose, leafysoil,with a good sprinkto luxuriate
most
ling
be
in
nature
of silver-sand,and when
must
pots,
grown
the soil
imitated as
nearly as possible. On woody banks
logged.
and unhealthy from
become
sour
never
being watercan
found
ferns
And
are
though some
growing with
rally
great strengthby the side of brooks, where the soil is natuwill
be
be
to
found
a sweet
wet, yet that circumstance
it
The
ferns
in
situations
such
as
have,
were, a fresh
dampness.
of food every instant of the day, and their appetite
mouthful
is increased
Only let
by inhaling the pure air of the forest.
beside, may
be
become
the brook
with
the
what
would
same
a
muddy
pool, shut
ferns,growing
be the result?
The
as
in
a
in a
up
state of
greenhouse
nature, and
vigor of the fronds for
want
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
21
become
languid, and then a prey to all
the
rootlets under the double disadvantage
sorts of iusects; while
food and flaccid fronds would, in a measure,
of sour
be choked.
be going on at.both
Thus the process of destruction would
ends, and if the plant did not actuallydie, a much dw'arfer
Or take it in another way.
habit would supervene.
Let the
abundance
of
fresh
and
be
air,
yet
planted in the
plants have
would
then
be
the
?
what
result
However
muddy pool,
wantonly the breeze might woo their lovelyfronds,the roots
would have no better action than in the former case.
Their
still make
them
food would
less eager for work, and
sour
instead of extending to a numerous
the plant would
progeny
to
ifleft
fall
before
the rush and the water
eventually,
nature,
in
for
existence.
the
To
cultivate the plant so
struggle
flag
would be to cultivate it against nature; and all the coaxing
be crowned
in the world would never
with successful cultivation,
unless the roots also came
for
fair
of
share
tion,
attena
jn
and
be summed
that attention
can
up in a very few
words"
of
the
soil
from becoming
plenty
drainage to prevent
like that of the stagnant pool.
eour
know
of good drainage; and however
Fanners
the utility
to
ridiculous it may
some
ing
people to talk about drainappear
to
a flower-pot,
or
know,
yet gardeners
ought
know, that
that operation is as necessary for the well-beingof a plant,
it is for the produce of the farm. The operation is not only
as
ture.
necessary for ferns,but likewise for all plants under pot culTherefore I will endeavor
to show you bow to proceed
in that operation,also how to pot the ferns,
and other details
with their cultivation.
connected
in pottin"plantsare always careful to cover
Gardeners
the
hole in the bottom of the flower-potwith a good sized piece
called a crock, and the process crockof broken earthenware
ing;
then on
the top of that they place a handful or two of
smaller pieces,and over
all a little moss
to prevent the soil
from choking up the drainage.
As gardeners generallyhave plenty of broken
flower-pots
used
for
this
be
they are
not
up
purpose ; but as you
may
desirous to break a new
or even
a dish, though
flower-plot,
it be cracked, a few oyster-shells
will do equally well; and
that is all which they consider necessary beyond soil,a little
water
and then, and plenty of air to keep the roots in a
now
In proceeding further to pot the plant,
healthy condition.
whether
it be a fern, a primrose, a geranium, or a fuchsia,or,
indeed, with hundreds of others beside,a sufficient soil is put
into the pot, so that when
gentlypressed down, it will support
the ball of roots, and allow the stem
of the plant, at
of fresh
air would
28
HOW
about
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
inch above the root, to be on a level with the brim
pot. The stem should rise from the center of the pot,
and the pot should be largeenough to admit at least an inch
its sides and the ball of roots.
of soil between
The soil is
down
with
the
s
ometimes
with
little stick
a
pressed
fingers,
when
the pot is a very deep one, but in all cases
the soil is
made
uniform
firmness
round
roots
of
of one
the
the plant,
leveled
down
and I was
within
half
to
to
inch
an
going
say,
of the brim of the pot, but this last process must depend very
much
will
upon the size of the pot; however, that distance
suit whatever
is cultivated in the miniature
greenhouse.
After pottingany of the ferns which I already pointed out,
whether
collected in spring,summer,
autumn, or winter,care
must
be taken to water
them, and in doing this not to wash
the soil over
the edges of the pot. As I have said before,in
boreale
speaking of a certain localitywhere the Blechnum
the soil over
with moss, and
remarkably well, cover
grows
little
basket.
A
the
in
skeleton
of the same
moss
a
place
pot
with*
be
made
bit
of
and
the
inlaid.
a
moss
wire,
easily
might
The
be placed in the miniature
plants may
greenhouse at
be
if
the
weather
and
the
window
posed;
fullyexonce; but,
sunny,
the most simple method
to give the newly-potted plants
is to attach
to the roof of the
a little shade
a newspaper
an
of the
greenhouse.
have carefullydone all that has been directed,
the ferns and placing them
in the miniature
from collecting
will
know
that
the
grated
never
plautg
they have migreenhouse,
the woody bank, to the
from the country lane, from
must
habitation of man.
keep them in that
Moreover, you
When
state
of
they begin to droop and
happy
ignorance.
turn
pine, they are saying to themselves, " Oh, that I could rebeside
the brook, under
the tall
to my happy home
but feel someI might yet be well.
Or if I could
trees !
thing
akin to the dews of heaven, my
captivity would never
with
the same
be mourned.
I would then shine
splendor,
the smile of my
and not be ashamed
head to meet
to liftmy
admirers.
But, alas ! I have no voice but my
beauty, and
that is fast becoming low and mournful.
My captors have
Oh, how I would shine if
eyes, yet they see not the malady.
1 could but bathe in the dewy flood.
I can
them
hear
mur
murI
do
not
how
it
is
over
my departed beauty, wondering
They have done everythingto meet the requirements
grow.
of my roots, who
'Why don't you eat the food
say to me.
which we send up to you ? We
shall die, as
well as you, if
did not keep up our
we
appetite.' Alas ! they are as blind
as
do
face is nearly as
not see that my
They
my captors.
black as their own
littlerootlets."
Now,
ifyou
HOW
KEEP
TO
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
fresh
29
feels af.er a
to let them
us
partake of that
good wash !" and would
that they have
a
health-givingoperation, and remember
We
have
to
ourselves.
only
breathing apparatus as well as
difficultit
to
and
how
becomes
hand
the
the
over
clap
mouth,
their leafysurface is covered
breathe.
So with the plants when
with
with dust, for there their breathing apparatus lies,
of the human
outlets as numerous
body.
as the pores
their plants to keep
Gardeners
have frequently to wash
munity,
them healthy,and window-gardeners cannot hope to have imif they wish to keep theirs in good condition, from
plants this is a very tedious operation.
doing likewise. With some
under
the
at
at work
I remember, when
Chatsworth,
the leafy
late Sir J. Paxton, being perched for days up among
The
plant says
of the
boughs
as
we
say,
have
"How
one
plants in the great conservatory, applying a
to leaf after leaf of good-sized
littletepid water with a sponge
be very carefully done, as the
trees.
The operation should
To sponge
the
leaves of plants are easilytorn or bruised.
and
fitter
task
fronds of some
indeed,
ferns is a very delicate
than the great rough
to be performed by the hand of a woman
be gentle if its
hand of a man.
the roughest hand can
But
owner
likes,and the plant receive the compiiment with the
same
grace as if tendered by the hand of a princess.
of a fern is to let
The readiest way to sponge
the fronds
of
the left hand, and
the back of the frond lie on
the palm
with the rightapply the sponge, moderately wet, to the face
the sponge
of the frond.
If the plant be very dirty, empty
back
of the
The
and then for a fresh supply of water.
now
be patient,and
fronds are not so easilydone; but you must
be
sure
to look well after
insects, as they generallylodge on
the plants in
If you cleanse
side of the fronds.
this manner
and then, and keep their roots from drought,
now
allowingair to circulate at all times through the miniature
at night where
greenhouse,and drawing down the window
quer
gas is used, the ferns will be found to contend with, and conresidence.
the difficulties of a town
the under
VIII.
CHAPTER
MOSSES
Though
them are
we
SUITABLE
have
cultivated.
a
FOR
CULTIVATION.
WINDOW
great many
of mosses,
yet few of
state of nature, our
own
sorts
in a
but, as nearly
mosses
are
exceedinglypretty and interesting,
all the varieties require cool,damp
situations,they are not
iature
of the window
or the minso well adapted for the decoration
greenhouse. Nevertheless, I have been induced to
future time
to
several
varieties,and hope at some
grow
As
seen
30
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
into notice.
Waiving then, for the present, our
in favor of one
varieties of mosses,
two
or
greenhouse
is named
the first that claims attention
varieties,
Selaginella
of
This
toothed
moss.
moss
when
denticulata, or
variety
is
the
to
in
arrest
sure
and
attention,
greenhouse,
grown
be greatly admired
for the refreshinggreenness
and
neat
habit displayed by the plant, thereby claiming to be regarded
of our specialfavorites.
as one
is a native of the South, yet it is
Though this little moss
bring them
own
hardy in constitution,withstanding several degrees of
siderable
frost,as well as the effect of excessive heat, and also conof
combined
with
This,
dryness
atmosphere.
easy
makes
it very suitable for the decoration
of the
cultivation,
window
the miniature
the plant is
or
greenhouse. When
very
the nursery, in spring or summer,
most
likelyit
will be in a very small pot, and to make
the mo3t
of the
plant,it should be shifted into a larger pot, or shallow pan,
the latter for choice, as it givesgreater scope for the arrangement
of plants; thus, with the shallow pan of moss
in front,
with a taller plant behind it,and a taller behind that,a little
bank of flowers is,as it were, constructed, which
is always
in the arrangement of plants. The -pan
the neatest mode
must
be drained in the same
way as a flower-pot,covering
the
holes nicelywith one
piece of crock, and several other
smaller pieces round about.
In shiftingthe plant into the pan, the ball of soil about
the roots will most
likely have to be reduced, and if the
is
plant
largeenough to be divided, into two or more
pieces,
let it be done, then plant them
at about
two
inches apart in
the pan, and taking a handful
of silver-sand (which should
be used freely among
the soil)shake it nicely over
the top,
and give the plants a gentle watering over
head.
Next,
place the plants in the greenhouse, and shade them for a few
the top of two
on
days by placinga piece of old newspaper
stuck
into the soil in the pan.
The
or three littlesticks
to
in their progress
plants will soon
begin
throwing
grow,
clothed
little delicate branches
with
little
out
numerous
Once
the plant has fairlycommenced
shining pointed leaves.
it will very soon
till the allotted space, and
to grow,
to hang down
the sides of the pan, becoming a dense
over
bed of the loveliest green.
The plant should receive plenty
of water
and
in winter occasionally.
during summer,
gin
On the approach of spring, the health of the plant may beof
head
ing
becomthe
dense
to show
tokens of decay,
green
is
The
then
to make
the
best
in
center.
a
course
yellow
of the greenest portions of the old
fresh plantationwith some
as
manner
them
into
and
start
plant,
growth in the same
bought
at
TO
HOW
WINDOW
A
KEEP
31
GARDEN.
previously described.
Selaginella denticulata
without ever
seeing the
next
a little light. The
sun
will
grow
have
variety of Selaginellaclaiming the
tability
attention, as contrastingfavorably in habit, color,and adapwith denticulata,is named
selaginellaca"sia, or the
This variety looks extremely pretty when
blue shaded moss.
of a
the
roof
of the greenhouse. Being more
suspended from
trailinghabit than denticulata,the blue shaded branches hang
stuck into
the sides of the pot ; or, if a stake was
down
over
form
it
would
nice
trained
to
a
branches
the soil,the
being
feathery pyramid. The cultivation of this varietyis the same
tention.
as the one
preceding,and will well repay the cultivator's atI might add, that with this variety, it is better to
from the plant before winter
have the branches
totallycut away
to
clothe
as
by doing so, the plant begins
commences,
itselfin new
attire,and so prepares for the spring growth ol
another
at
all,but of
course
it must
year.
IX.
CHAPTER
FLOWERING
PLANTS
FOR
WINDOW
GARDENS.
revert to the beginning
this section, I must
of the year and call attention to the snowdrop" pale,but not
timid in decking the copse and sward long before the natural
approach of spring. Like the hare-bell and the daffodil,the
suowdrop is nearly familiar to all,requiringlittledescrption
hands
at my
beyond the mode of culture,which would seem
simple enough, seeingthat it grows like the wild ferns from
by the care of man, requiringno
year to year, unattended
of rest, and
shelter from the hardest frost,but a long season
be
be
said
iant
to
that while kindred flowers may
blooming, radIn
enteringon
in
"Blow
a
glory.
away," the snowdrop says
sea
hereafter."
of
The
to
them, "I shall bloom
not to feel the soft
snowdrop cares
the gloriousripening breath of autumn
breeze
of summer,
nor
; but,
with an
honest, unpretending ambition, it says, "Be mine
forward Flora's train." And on they march
the lot to marshal
Battalion
after battalion
leader's grave.
their modest
over
sinks like him on flood and
field;and ere the tread of the
last is heard trooping away, the dead leader is again about to
He has never
of snow.
his helmet
rise to put on
yet failed
cultivate the snowdrop, be like
his part; and if you would
and
nature
in your
treatment,
question the
you need never
resurrection of the littleflower.
of
The snowdrop, or galanthus nivalis of botanists, is one
the earliest flowers of the year, and
belongs to
a
very
ex
ten-
32
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
sive family of plantsremarkable
for their beauty. Solomon
not arrayed like one
of these" a lily.
in all his glory was
the
members
of
of
this
lilieswhich
be
family
Among
may
classed
with
the
suitable
for
as
the
along
snowdrop
being
miniature
ment,
treatgreenhouse,and requiring nearly the same
be
t
he
mentioned
the daffodil,
hare-bell or wild
may
and
the
latter
does not belong
the
crocus.
hyacintl),
Though
termed
to the
sort of third
same
a
family,yet it maybe
will
never
cousin, and it
grumble to fare as the liliesfare.
In the search for flowering
is
plants,much greater difficulty
when
experienced than
^lookingfor ferns,especiallythose
varieties which
which
found
and
ever
be
are
can
green,
all
at
short
hardest
of
the
frost.
But
transplanted
seasons,
with flowering plants,nearly all of which die comnot
so
pletely
down
to the ground after floweringand ripeningtheir
to collect such
Therefore
is limited.
seed.
plants the season
Thus you might at autumntide
hunt, and hunt in vain, in the
fields and woods, in the hope of findingthe snowdrop or some
of the lilyfamily. No
other member
doubt, the little bulbs
from which the leaves and flowers spring are there; but they
to tell where
Their
have
tombstone
no
they lie buried.
flowers, and their long, narrow,
grass-likeleaves have all
until
rise
they again
perished. So,
up from the dark earth,
it is in vain to seek for their whereabouts.
The snowdrop begins to flower about the 25th of January,
it fades, the crocus,
and
blooms
away, leading forth,ere
with its golden robes, to further open
up the floral year.
in primrose yellow,joins another
And
then the daffodil,
link;
mead
when
rich
dews
of
bathe
and
the
and
May
flowers,the
with sheets of lovliest blue.
hare-bell clothes the woods
the daffodil,
and the hare-bell,are
The snowdrop, the crocus,
themselves
six
sufficient
of
to
make
months
of the year
nearly
snowdrop for chasteness, and
gay with floral beauty. The
other plants at a distance.
the hare-bell for display,holds all our
mountains
of
the
heath
the
on
Truly the purple gleam
is a magnificent display of sober richness, and we
in autumn
could do with the whirringwings of the black-cock; but the
of its purity,
sharp crack of the breech-loader robs the scene
it were,
with a deeper stain than
and dyes the heather, as
that which belongs to the gleam of the wild hyacinth; the
associates of which
are
altogetherof a different character.
have
For
the whirring wings of the black game
we
soft,
balmy breezes, awakening bud and flower,and for the sharp
have a gust of the sweetest
crack of the breech-loader
we
melody pouring forth from bush and tree. It may be said
Hint
the gleam of the hare-bell is the gleam of life and love,
And
and that of the heather the gleam of decay and death.
34
are
HOW
as
much
TO
as
is
KEEP
WINDOW
A
requiredfor
one
GARDEN.
pot of each, aud these will
thirtycents. Hyacinth bulbs cost from ten cents to
dollars each, and
are
generallyplanted one in a pot;
but, instead of burying them in the soil,they are kept much
the surface. The pot being drained and tilledwith soil,
nearer
made
for the reception of the bulb, which, after
a hole is then
about it,should
have
its apex
the soil is nicely level round
of
above
surface
the
Cover
the
soil.
them
little
well
a
over
with moss,
and be careful not to give them much
water
until
which will easilybe known
root action has fairlycommenced,
and
the
of
the
bulb
swelling
graduallyshowing the
by
apex
points of the leaves. Water may then be given them more
freely,and by and by you may place the pots in saucers, but
do
let the water
remain
not
stagnant in the saucers, but
out frequently.
empty them
until the bulbs have flowered; but
Continue
this treatment
when
the flowers
begin to show signs of decay,gradually
withdraw
the supply of water, much
in the same
manner
as
and
increased
do
not
as
do
some
it,
people
ungenerous
you
when
they have got their turn served
wholly neglect those
The bulbs will repay you
ing
who
iiave served them.
by bloomwell.
and floweringagain if you treat them
Also be kind
dressed in their full robes
of beauty, by supwhen
to them
porting
the flower-stalk with a nice littlestake,and applying
the sponge
and then to keep their long, narrow
leaves
now
the
free from dust.
When
bulbs, after flowering,have rested
for some
time"
until
them
out of the pots
July shake
say
and put them
dry situation,to be ready when
away in some
round.
the potting season
Where
there are
a
again comes
the bulbs may
few yards of land at command,
be turned out
allowed
of the pots, and
to ripen at leisure in the soil of the
if
wish
of
And
to lengthen the blooming season
garden.
you
those bulbs, such as the hyacinth and tulip,pot them
at three
four
of
in
intervals"
month
a
or
apart" some
September,
say
and
the
will be lengthened accordingly. There is
season
another way of growing the hyacinths in glassesmade
for the
These
be
the
at
can
glasses
seedshops.
bought
purpose.
in this way
The mode
of cultivation
is very simple. The
glasses are filled with soft water, and the bulbs are simply
of the glasses,the water
placed on the mouths
being allowed
of the bulb.
The glasses are
then
just to touch the bottom
dark
into
the
other
until
some
or
cupboard
recess,
put away,
bulbs have begun to grow.
They are then brought forth to
the light,and the water, from the beginning,is changed now
and then
The roots are also very fond
to be perfectlysweet.
of having a piece of charcoal
Those,
placed in the water.
varieties"named
in the list at the end of the book will do for
cost about
two
"
"
TO
HOW
A
same
time
suceessional
or
at the same
GARDEN.
35
be put to grow
intended
intervals,when
at
WINDOW
glass or pot culture, and
either
the
KEEP
both
may
foi
flowering.
CHAPTER
SPRING-FLOWERIXG
XL
PLANTS.
link in the succession
of flowering plants to the outgoing
spring-floweringbulbs with the incoming summerfloweringplants,the Cineraria and Calceolaria will be found
admirable
for that purpose.
But they are very subject to the
aphis, or green-fly;and beside this drawback, the window
cessfully
hope to be able to tide the plants sucgardener could never
the winter unless he possesses other appliances.
over
All this reduces the importance of these plants for window
But those who
culture to a minimum.
lars
can
spare a few dolto purchase floweringplants from
the nurseryman
in
early spring,may hope, by paying attention to the following
hints on the cultivation,to realize a good displayof flowers
for their trouble:
In proceeding to buy a few spring-flowering
plants,it is
almost
necessary for me to go along with you to the nursery.
As very probably you will become
captivated at the sight of
some
plants beautifullyin flower; and ere you have had
them for a week with you at home, their brilliancywill have
departed, and set you a sorrowing. Beside, I shall be the
better able to point out
to you a few other plantsworthy of
notice.
And
have stepped out at the palisaded front of the
now
we
of all sorts of plants are reared to
where
thousands
nursery,
meet
the demands
It is May, and
of all comers.
we
are
marshaled
forward
civil guide to the cinerarias.
by some
Oh, there's a charming one !" you exclaim.
Yes, that one
has been charming for some
time, and the sooner
ready to
fade.
See, here is one just bursting the calyx,or flower-cup,
the crimson-tipped petals of the corolla.
disclosing
Buy this
How
one.
interestingit will be to watch the numerous
flower-buds
that have
yet to open, and imagine that you
have done it all yourself.
Well, certainly,the buds would never
open unless you did
When
the cinerarias have got to their fresh
your part now.
must
be compelled to cry out for water
never
quarters, they
coming
by the little buds hanging their heads, and the leaves befor
the
of the sponge.
want
And
if you give
dirty
them
nice lightsituation in the miniature
a
greenhouse, the
plants will thrive,and the buds will open,
repaying the
attention by remaining in flower for a considerable
time.
As
"
a
36
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
OrARDEN.
We
to the calceolaria,
with its many
come
curious
now
little purses for flowers.
What
a brilliancy
they give to the
not
full in flower,or it
plant,yes; but you must
buy one
in
the
There is
same
may grieveyou
way as the ciueraria.
with its richly-colored
flowers bursting the littlegreen
one
calyx. That one will do capitally;buy it,and treat it just
as
you have done the cineraria through the floweringseason,
by tying them to neat wooden
supporting the flower-stems
stakes, not too crowded
together, and the plants will grow
and displayits pretty-coloredpurses to the be3t advantage.
But, after all,what a deceitful thing it is to boast of purses
when
they are full of nothing but emptiness.
What
?
That
hothouse
covered
are
you looking at, now
with canvas
? Ah, that is the
den
of secrets.
No admittance
there; that is where stems are graftedon to roots, and
other curious operations
leaves turned
into plants, with many
with the propagation of plants. Let us go to the
connected
Did you ever
cyclamen-house, and look at the sow-breads.
vexed
such a sight? Oh ! you are
in purchasing
now
see
of some
of these charming
what you have bought instead
modest
in appearance.
Is your
cyclamens, so neat and
calls upon it.
so
purse empty ? Oh no; but you have
many
last
Their
at
this
will
be
the
sistible.
Well,
beauty is irrepresent.
But will they live,then ?
Yes, for years; and with
littleattention, the littleplant will display for your amusement
shuttlecock-like
its
little
the loveliness of
numerous
The cyclamen likes plenty of water
flowers.
during the
Afterward
the supply may
growing and flowering season.
soil
to
be shortened; but not so
the
become
as
thoroughly
and
be
the
should
in
airiest
the
placed
plants
part of the
dry,
it will ripen
months, where
greenhouse through the summer
About
off its leaves, and lose them.
August, the plants
should be re-potted, not necessarilyinto a largerpot, but
the soil,taking
into a clean one, using plenty of sand among
in this instance)
root (calleda corm
to keep the bulbous
care
leaves
soil.
And
above
the
the
as
begin to spring up
just
be increased.
the supply of water
should
from the corm
In very frosty weather
the temperature of the miniature
to such plants by leaving
greenhouse may be accommodated
have retired to
the window
up of a night, after the household
the
artificial covering migh.t be thrown
over
rest; or some
the link is joined to the summerlittle structure.
And
now
floweringplants. But, for the benefit of those who may have
the miniature
a cold frame, beside
a littlegarden, and
house,
greenI will let the chain swing a moment
tle
to tell them
a litlaria,
about the cultivation of the cineraria and the calceomore
and
be able to keep
so that
they may
propagate these
HOW
plants,and
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
37
the expense
of buying them year after year
save
the
from
nurseryman.
Let
a
us
couple of plants of each have been
suppose
bought in April,either seedlingsor named varieties,the latter
Fire Queen and Captain Schrieber
for choice
for cinerarias,
and Prince of Wales
for calceolarias.
and Cole's Gem
After
the
cut
flower stem
from
the
plants have done flowering,
in
the
them
cold
and
which
should
be
them
frame,
place
placed in the shadiest* part of the garden; or the plants may
be
shady part of the garden,
placed out -openly in some
from getwith the pots restingon slates to prevent worms
ting
Be careful to water
the plants through the
into them.
and by the beginning of September the cinerarias
summer,
several young
will have
plants or suckers growing round
A littlesharp sandy soil must
be
about the old stools.
now
prepared,and a few small pots with a little crockage in the
Turn the cinerarias out of their pots, and breaking
bottom.
to get the young
the ball of soil nicely,endeavor
plants away
roots
from the old stool with as many
as possible,and
young
the
in
small
one
by one,
pots.
repot them,
The young
be placed under glass,such as
plants must now
frame in the garden, and
receive a gentlewatering overa
head
from the rose(that part of the spout of the watering-pot
little holes),and the frame shaded and
pierced with numerous
closed for a day or two.
The plants will soon
lished
estabbecome
in their new
watered
be
to
quarters, requiring
every
be kept free from
day, needing also plenty of air,and must
the green-fly
by fumigation. By degreesthe plants will be
for
ready
largerpots; and thus you may grow cinerarias for
the million if you choose.
On
the approach of winter,the
plants must be brought into the greenhouse,and kept growing
and free from frost,until they have flowered.
The plants
in May.
For this purpose
may also be raised from seed sown
tilla flower-pot
with very fine soil,and sow
the seed on the
it
little
with
soil. Place
over
a
a
top, slightlycovering
the mouth
of the pot, giving it a shady
square of glassover
positionin the garden,and attending to the soil with water.
The plants will soon
When
come
they are largeenough
up.
to handle, pot and
treat
them
the same
way as the young
old
from
the
stool.
plants
The
different
propagation of the calceolaria is somewhat
to that of the cineraria.
It is also hardier in nature, some
varieties resistingseveral degrees of frost. By the end of
several young
September the calceolarias will have made
shoots, suitable for cuttings,or if cuttingsare not required,
the plants will be all the better for having them
taken off',
for
as
more
another
In
they will make
plants
bushy
year.
"
38
ei
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
rikingthe cuttings,filla
WINDOW
few small
GARDEN.
pots with
sharp sandy
the cuttings,which should be made in
Take
the shoots off below
the third
the followingmanner:
and
with
knife
of
cut
the
lower
a
sharp
leaves,
pair
away
pair of leaves from the shoots, also the end of the shoots,
the leaves spring from ; when
this is
close to the joint where
done the cuttings will be ready for planting. With a little
of the soil in the pot, and
dibber make
a hole in the center
therein
nearly up \o the second
place the cutting
pair of
fix
to
the
and
care
leaves, taking
cuttingsnicely
firmlyin
the soil. When the cuttingsare got in,they should be placed
for a few days.
and kept shaded
in the cold frame, watered
strike root; they may then be planted,
The cuttings will soon
forward
to flowering
three in a seven-inch
pot, and grown
also be raised from seed, sown
The calceolaria can
season.
and treated in the same
manner
as the cineraria.
oil,ready
5-
to receive
CHAPTER
SUMMER-FLOWERING
PLANTS:
XII.
THE
GERANIUM
AND
THE
FUCHSIA.
is strictlya summer-flowering plant, and
both in winter and
them
summer
decorating
though we see
the windows
of the cottages not with flowers but with leaves,
is illsuited to their nature.
such a mode
of treatment
I can
treatment
to
else
sort
that
of
the
than
ish
foolnothing
compare
task the pedestrian sets himself of walking a thousand
miles in a thousand
hours; and ere it is accomplished, be
to
be
said
neither
be
sleepingnor waking. So with the
may
fuchsia that is expected to grow summer
and
winter; the
to it in the winter, may
be said to be like the
water
given
and
the
pedestrian to keep him awake
pinches given to
pricks
What
is the individual tit for when in this state ?
to his task.
To load his stomach
with food might lose him the day, if not
but
time
his life;
after a
of natural
stored,
rest,vigor is partly reand the individual becomes
for
food
both
ready again
and labor; and it is the same
with the fuchsia after resting
in due season.
The fuchsia,like the geranium, is nearly everybody'splant,
and may be purchased at any
from
the nurseryman
time
;
When
but April or May is the best season
for doing so.
you
the
in.
roots
the
in
state
examine
what
are
plant home,
get
of the
This is done by sliding the right hand on the mouth
flower-pot,and turning the pot upside clown, give it a tap or
out easily,
If the ball comes
two on the edge of the table.
matted
and the roots do not
seem
together but growing
nicely,they are in a healthy condition. If the ball does not
The
fuchsia
HOW
come
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
39
to be matted, the plant is
easily,and the roots seem
been
would
have
benefited
is termed pot-bound, and
out
what
had it been shifted into a largerpot. In either case shift the
plant into a size larger pot, giving it a little richer soil than
what
it has been previouslygrowing in, and see that the soil
round every part of the roots.
down
The soil U3ed for
goes
the bulbs, with a littleturfy loam added to it, will suit both
the newty-potted plant a
the fuchsia and geranium. Give
the
greenhouse, and if you
good watering and place it in
wish to have a nice bushy plant,pinch the point off the leading
about two feet high,doing the same
shoot when
by the
the lead.
other shoots
to have
which seem
the
causes
This pinching
plant to become
nicelybalanced
with numerous
branches, forming,as it were, a little pyramid.
to pass, you must
this has come
When
cease
pinching,
and let the plant have its will,and be sure
at this stage never
to suffer the roots
to become
very dry for lack of water; also
be greatlyrefreshed by being sprinkedover
the plant would
with water
every evening.
the
fuchsia will begin to repay you for your trouble,
By July
with a grand displayof beautiful ear-drops. You must
then
but
do
to water
the plants overhead,
not neglect the
cease
will
the
be
for
and
a
display
kept up
roots,
long time. As
leaves begin to turn
soon
as the
yellow and drop from the
water
should be graduallylessened,and
plant, the supply of
the plant by degrees set to rest until the followingspring.
The plant should
then be brought forth,and all the shoots
the year before
which
it made
considerably shortened,but
stillkeeping a pyramidal outline ; also shake a portion of the
and re-pot the plant with fresh soil,
old soil from the roots
remembering to give it plenty of drainage,and a littlewater
start into fresh life.
and then, and the plant will soon
now
different in cultivation to the
The geranium is somewhat
fuchsia, which loses its leaves entirelywhen at rest; but that
period is not so observable in the geranium, which retains a
and
portion of its leaves throughout the whole
season,
attention
at the hands
of the cultivator.
requires rather more
of
has
late
increased
The geranium
in beauty,
years
greatly
attention than the fuchsia,
and if it does require a littlemore
that attention is well repaid not only by the beautiful flowers
with which they are adorned, but also by the beautiful variegated
of the varieties produce. I would
leaves which some
advise you to buy the geranium in April or May, and pursue
treatment
the same
in potting the plant as for the fuchsia;
and
if any shoot is likelyto take the asceudency,nip the
side of the plant be always
point off,and do not let one
it
toward the light,but turn
and then, and Iherr
round now
40
HOW
by endeavor
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
instead
of
nice,bushy plant. And
like the fuchsia,apply the
watering the geranium overhead
and
then
the
leaves free from dust, and
to
now
keep
sponge
to
grow
a
be careful not to allow water
to
length of time, as that will soon
lodge on the leaves for any
In winter,
disfigurethem.
the
geranium is not actually at rest, yet the plant
water
at the roots, but the leaves should
less
requires
always
be kept free from dust.
In very hard frostyweather, the geranium, or
any other
though
tender plant which you may
have in the greenhouse, should,
of an evening
be brought to the inside of the window, in case
Mr. Frost should put in a claim, and cruellytake the lives of
After the winter
has been fairlytided over,
your favorites.
the geranium should
be re-potted,not
necessarilyinto a
into
clean
If
but
shifted
into the same
one.
a
larger pot,
sized pot, the ball must
be reduced, great care
being taken
in doing so not to break the roots.
In re-potting,have
the
had
with
the fuchsia, in seeing that the
as you
same
care
round
soil goes down
ber
every portion of the ball, and rememof the flower-pot as
to let the plant rise from the center
perpendicularas possible. After the plant is potted,give the
the soil over
not to wash
a good watering,taking care
sides of the pot. In the operation of potting,a littleforethought
should be given to that circumstance, which, if the
soil fillsthe pot entirely, can
fore,
Therescarcely be avoided.
soil
half
be
inch
let the
about
beneath
the rim of the
an
soil
the
flower-pot.
dry weather, such plants as the fuchsia and
geranium, especially when they are pinched for root-room,
will be greatlybenefited by having the pots in which
they
with
artificial
some
are
growing protected
covering, the
The flower-pot of itself is not
for the ferns.
same
as advised
sufflicient to prevent
rapid evaporation ; in fact,it rather
which we would
in a measure
aids that effect,
now
prevent,
nature
and
conductor
of
of heat.
a
a
being
great
very porous
In summer,
the soil the pot contains very soon
becomes
dry;
and when
think that the roots of the plant may
be lying
we
of
the
the
inside
around
must
thickly
conclude, when
pot, we
the rays of the sun beating on
the soil is dry and
the pot,
suffer greatly, and in fact, they very
that these roots must
flaccid
it
the
leaves of the plant; but cover
in
show
the
soon
In very
flower
hot
it into another, and the plant is able'to resist
of drought. In the former
a greater amount
case, water
would
have to be given dailyto the plant without any corresponding
the
while
in
water
two
three
or
latter,
good effect;
times a week would suffice,
and the plant would thrive better.
pot,
or
pop
42
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
then by
few days, at first chieflyat night, and
In
three
weeks
the
or
so
cutting
degrees during the day.
and
be
to
be
will have struck
ready
root,
presented to your
beeu
on
for
a
friend.
host of other plants,may be propagated
if taken at the proper season.
With
after this manner,
only the convenience of the miniature greenhouse, May and
for strikingthe fuchsia ; while
June will be the best season
.August will suit the geraniums of both sections" that is,the
leaved
varieties,embraciug all those
zonale, or horse-shoe
kinds which
are
chiefly for the brilliant coloringof
grown
and
of white, pink or scarlet
their leaves,
having trusses
as the show
flowers; and the other section, commonly known
varieties,and which are chieflycultivated for their magnificent
with
of
which
parti-coloredflowers,
they are
display
months.
But though cuttings
adorned in the early summer
be struck in August, yet the cultivation
of both sections may
different to the former.
latter
is somewhat
the
of plants in
Say you buy a plant about the beginning of April; I would
but I would
courage
ennot look for any flowers from it that season,
the
into
and
it to grow
a largerpot,
plant
by shifting
it
made
to
branches
that
the rim
all
the
as near
down
tying
The
geranium,
and
a
of the flower-potas possible.
line
I would
thereby lay a good foundation for the future outis the case
with the
of the plant; and as
fuchsia, or
to have
other varieties of geraniums, any shoot which seemed
the
would
nin the point off with my
ger
finof
too much
lead, I
would
check it,and at the same
time
and thumb, which
of success
a great secret
induce it to send out other shoots
about the end of Sepin the training of such plants. From
tember,
and all through the winter
the
should
months,
plant
On the approacli of spring,
be kept rather dry at the roots.
the beginning or April" shift the fplant into a larger
"say
and
give it a good watering. As the plant continues to
pot,
shoot to fill up
the vacancy.
By
grow, try to lead a young
to
have
the end of May, you ought
a nice
quiring
bushy plant, reand
moderate
of
to
be
free
from
a
kept
supply
water,
insects,such as the green fly" a great pest to this section of
the
geraniums, which, if allowed to remain, will check
the
the
show
of
flowers.
Therefore
of
plant,spoiling
growth
of the enemy,
must
the first appearance
commence
on
you
fire ot
hostilities immediately, by pouring such a destructive
the
leaves
that
be
he
will
tobacco-reek
quickly
among
a paper
bag
brought to nought. To accomplish this,make
the
the plant
plant, and while over
big enough to envelope
fillIt full of pure tobacco-reek, and you will soon
lay the pests
their backs.
on
"
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
43
may at any time tie down, or
of the points should
be
lead any shoot into a gap, but none
time previous to the period of flowering.
pinched off for some
wish
if
the
Thus,
plant to flower about the latter end
you
of June, you must
cease
pinching at the beginning of May.
Two or three weeks after the plant has done flowering,
all the
the
which it has made
branches
ably
considerseason
are
during
shortened, In a short time after receiving this cutting
down, as it is termed by gardeners,the plant, if healthy,will
show
signs of life,by the points of its branches becoming
of time will
thicklystudded with green buds, which in course
become
shoots, to form the plant and produce flowers
young
another
for
season.
Some
of those littlebuds may have to be rubbed off;because,
all suffered to grow, the plant would he nothing
if they were
of
thin wood,
which
the plant, in supporting,
but a mass
would be sure to hurt itself in the struggle. But
if these
buds are all rubbed
up to three or four on a branch, the plant
at
food
its disposal,the young
shoots
dingly
accorhaving more
and
become
of
stronger,
capable
producing larger
As
this annual
flowers,and in greater abundance.
cutting
of keeping the plant in a dwarf, bushy
down
is the means
of years, the
roots
state for a great number
also annually
undergo such a treatment.
Wheu
the plant has been cut down, and the young
shoots
have begun to grow, the plant is turned out of the pot, and
all the soil shaken
from
its roots.
The plant is then repotted
with fresh soil,but in a much
smaller
sized pot, in
all the winter. In March
which it remains
or April it is again
shifted into the former sized pot, and
receives very liberal
until the blooming season
is past. It is then cut
treatment
and
down
from
to
so
on
again,
year.
year
not expect to be able to arrive at the same
You must
state
of perfectionin the cultivation of the fuchsia and geranium,
have every
bear upon
to
those who
as
appliance at hand
the objects; but, if you persevere
I see no reason
steadfastly,
why you should not cultivate the friendship of flowers
than that of boon companions, who, when
much
sooner
your
is melted in a flowing pot, will assuredly fall
last shilling
from you like the leaves of the lime-tree in the earliest
away
breath of winter.
True, the flowers may fade, but they die
of
they can sustain a semblance
away gradually;and when
friendship no longer,they do not cut you completely, but
will
lingerwith you until better days. That perseverance
lead you to enjoy a greater amount
of pleasure than what
dow
Of the bare winyou would receive with only the convenience
for the cultivation of the friendship
of flowers.
In
trainingthe plant
you
44
HOW
For
better
TO
KEEP
extension of
than recommend
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
summer-flowering plants,I cannot do
a few
more
gold and silver variegated
an
have
become
as
a class
very fashionable
it
but
is
not
that
of plants,and are likelyto remain
on
so,
account I go in for them, it is rather for their brilliant colored
leaves.
They, without a flower at all,are pleasingthe whole
In early spring,and all through the summer,
year round.
beautiful.
In autumn
and on to
the tints of the leaves are
of Christmas, the tinted coloringof the
the friendlyseason
to come
out more
leaves
seem
vividlythan ever, impressing
idea
that the coloringmatter of the flowers must
with an
one
into the foliage,
means
so
have escaped by some
beautifully
and
is it inlaid with crimson
gold. Beside, the variegated
geraniums will be found very suitable companions for ferns
and other gracefulfoliaged
plants.
to be
The varieties recommended
not of the
are
grown
must
it
remembered
for
be
that
this
class of
newest
stamp,
plants are of recent introduction,not from foreigncountries,
the hands of our
own
but from
gardeners and nurserymen,
demand
who
extravagant prices for new
sorts, which are
and every
sometimes
no
better,if so good, as older varieties,
into
whole
lot
of
them
existence.
fore,
Therespring
year sees a
the sorts recommended, though old,yet from their good
retain a prominent place in the
to
sure
characteristics are
geraniums. They
lists of all cultivated plants.
named
Mrs. Pollock,
The golden variegated varieties are
and
Grieve.
The
silver
Lucy
variegated ones,
Lady Cullum
for a gold
Italia Unita, Picturata, and Rainbow, with Model
and bronze-leaved variety. Being of established repute, any
vator.
the attention of the cultiof these varieties will well repay
XIV.
CHAPTER
AUTUMN-FLOWERING
PLANTS
FOR
WINDOW
GARDENING.
back to the lilyfamily, and wish
I come
the autumn
With
letta
Valor the
to your notice the Scarborough lily,
to introduce
believe
I
I
within
that
of botanists.
speak
purpurea
home
that
or
I
when
no
bounds
foreign, displays
plant,
say
of flowers for so little management
such
a beautiful umbel
led to say so, not only from
I am
as the Vallota purpurea.
but
also from a plant
management,
plants under my own
for the last
has had in his window
which a friend of mine
in
the
same
soil, and
three years, in the same
flower-pot,
and then, it has never
now
with but a little drop of water
retained
its
it has
beskle
about
failed to bloom
August;
beautiful,long, narrow,
green leaves
throughout
the
season.
HOW
TO
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
45
because
cultivators
some
allow the long leaves of the plant to fall back to the ground
and so become
decayed, long before their proper time, and
the plant thereby makes
a
during
very shabby appearance
half of the year.
one
The bulbous root of the Vallota resembles
thicka brown
necked onion, and the long leaves have nothing to support
them
but the thin scale of the bulb, which very often breaks,
and
down
their beautiful leaves.
so
comes
My friend prevents
that mishap by wrapping a piece of soft paper
round
the neck of the bulb, but not too tight as
interfere
to
with
the gracefulhanging of the leaves.
A good sized bulb of the
Vallota,in a pot, may be bought at any time for about fifty
cents.
After
in
the pot in
procuring it, let it remain
which it had been growing, but wrap the plant round the neck
with some
soft material, and give the roots
plenty of water
ficient
during summer,
withdrawing the supply in winter all but sufto keep the leaves from
the
Vallota will
flagging,and
do well in the miniature greenhouse.
I mentioned
the chrysanthemum
as
bringing up the last
link of the floral year; but I would not lead you to think that
venience
you could cultivate it to any perfectionwith but the conof the miniature greenhouse. The chrysanthemum
likes plenty of fresh air,and it suffers terribly,
if its roots are
'if
had
of land
two
a
or
Nevertheless,
pot-bound.
yard
you
attached to your dwelling,I can
put you in the way of growing
that plant so as you
might make the miniature greenhouse
flowers
October
from
until Christmas.
gay with
of my readers may have a garden, as well as a
Perhaps some
miniature
greenhouse; therefore,I will endeavor to instruct
them
how
to proceed in the cultivation of the chrysanthemum.
I mention
the latter
KEEP
circumstance,
the end of May, buy two young
plants from the nurseryman,
Jardin
des
Plantes
and
Ion
as
a
as a white
yellow,
say,
variety. Take them out of the pots, and plant them into the
soil of the garden, and
the plants continue
to grow,
as
you
must
to
the
out
so
cause
throw
plants
by judiciouspinching
several shoots, which
cught to be tied to stakes to prevent
the wind from breaking them.
the middle of August
About
filla number
of six or seven-inch
flower-potswith good, rich
soil,and make as many stout pegs; then loosinga branch of
the chrysanthemum from the stake, carefullybend it down to
the ground, and peg the point of the branch on to the soil in
the flower-pot;proceed in the same
to peg down
manner
as
branches
as you
require.
many
When
the operation
is completed, put a handful of soil on
the top of each pot, and give them all a good watering,
conAt
46
HOW
TO
KEEP
WINDOW
A
GARDEN.
be droughty. By the
tinuing to do so daily, if the weather
end
of September the plants will have grown
wonderfully,
and established themselves
in the pots.
They may be then
severed from the parent plant, and brought in to decorate
the miniature
greenhouse. Thus the two young plants bought
in May, may
be made
dozen
to produce two
nice flowering
plants by October.
CHAPTER
AUTUMN-FLOWERING
PLANTS:
THE
XV.
CHINESE
PRIMULA,
OR
CHINA
PRIMROSE.
ration
plant is a great favorite with gardeners for the decoof conservatories
in autumn
and
though
winter; and alconsiderable
skill and attention
is requisitefrom
the
time of sowing the seed in May up to rearinggood plants in
of this can
be avoided by purchasing a few
autumn, yet much
at
that season
the nurserymen.
from
After
floweringplants
the primula has
to flower, the
commenced
plant requires
little attention
beyond watering about twice a week during
the plant,
winter, and picking off the decayed flowers from
also avoid lettiug
the pot stand in a saucer
containingwater.
its salverBy these little attentions the primula wili open
flowers
after
the
other
the
whole
of
one
autumn
and
shaped
the greater part of winter.
The plants are very seldom
kept
after the flowering season.
For those who have the appliance of a glass frame
and a
garden, plants may be raised from seed in the following
This
manner:
the seed in May on the surface of very fine soil, well
with silver-sand, in a flower-pot or shallow pan, and
the seed
cover
slightlywith a little of the soil. The soil
of glassplaced over
the
should now
be watered, and a square
mouth
of the pot or
where
put into the frame
pan, and
be
cucumbers
or other tender
plants may
growing.
In a few days the plant will appear.
When
large enough
into very
to be taken in the fingers, shift them
one
by one
that
in
which
to
soil
small
they have
pots, having similar
been growing, and replace them in the frame.
Attending to water, shading, etc., the roots of the plants
be shifted
will soon
fillthe little pots. The plants must
now
the
into larger pots
inches
across
say from four to seven
In
and flower.
mouths"
in which ti.ey will remain
potting
the plants keep their necks rather
above
the soil than under
in the neck, and bend
weak
it;and if the plants be rather
Sow
mixed
"
over
to
one
side, support
slickingthree
angles, and
them
upright position by
into the soil at right
of the plant. As the plants
in
an
little sharp-pointed stakes
close
to the
neck
HOW
grow
water.
TO
KEEP
A
47
GARDEN.
WINDOW
they should be inured to the air, and receive plenty of
By August they will be ready to flower. The plants
greenhouse,and
may then be taken into the miniature
to their linal bloom.
onwards
CHAPTER
CULTIVATION
OF
the protectionof
With
and drawn
down
over
of
XVI.
PLANTS
IN
a screen
the
WINDOW-BOXES.
or
blind, fixed
plants in inclement
plants may
With the above simple
bulbs, such as the crocus,
greater range
tended
be
cultivated
to the window,
weather,
in the
a
window-
protection,the ing
spring-flowerthe hyacinth, etc.,
the tulip,
to great perfection. After those
have
might be grown
flowered,the box might be replenished,by sowing or planting:
a few pots of mignonette; and
by May, the Tom Thumb
scalet geranium might be planted with advantage. Even in
winter
the boxes might be made
to look comely by a covering
boxes.
of mosses,
gathered from off old walls or other buildings
in the country.
If it be thought desirable to plant the box with springfloweringbulbs, to make it look well, a littlearrangement in
drops
plantingis then requisite. You may plant a patch of snowat each end of the box, succeeded
cuses,
by a patch of croand one
of early Due
Tholl tulips,with three or
van
four hyacinths in the middle of the box; this will make
a very
agreeable arrangement of the plants,and will give greater
effect than if the bulbs were
ously.
planted by each other promiscubulbs should all be planted in September or October,
three inches deep, and the surface of the soil covered
with moss
over
or sphagnum, easily procurable at the
sery,
nurbank
is uot at hand.
if a mossy
In about six or seven
weeks after the bulbs
are
planted, the coming up of the
be
looked
for.
Those
that are peeping up through
plants may
the soil should be allowed to appear
through the moss, and
occasional
receive
waterings. In order to ward ofl*wet or
the
blind should
be drawn
the plants.
over
frostyweather,
After the bulbs
have bloomed, and
the season
be suitable
for replantingthe box
with other flowers,the bulbs may be
taken out and planted in the garden, or in a few pots, or a
hold them, and where
box, or any article that would
they
could be placed to ripen off at leisure.
Information
having been already given on the subject of
bulbs and other plants,repeticultivating
spring-flowering
tion
is unnecessary.
With
regard to the cultivation of anThe
about
48
HOW
nuals, such
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
the
dow-boxes,
Virginian stock, candytuft,etc., for winseed should
be sown
about a quarter of an
inch under
the surface of the ground; and
when
the plants
should
thinned
come
be
out
if
a little, they be
too
up, they
thick,givingthem plenty of water, and they will soon repay
the attention by blooming profusely.
as
the
HOW
TO
MAKE
AN
of the most
delightfulamusements
fitting
stocking an aquarium,
up and
AQUARIUM.
One
The
are
aquarium is a tank, wherein
placed" the one to consume
and
the
other
to
consume
or
of the
mimic
day, is the
fish-pond.
vegetables
the flsh and water
and give out oxygen,
carbon
and
give out carbon, in
oxygen
such
In the
proportions that the water is always kept pure.
aquarium, by an imitation of nature, you have a miniature
aqueous
fish-pond, wherein the habits of fish and the growth of sublaid
to
the
observer, so as to
vegetationare
open
afford him
The
continual
amusement.
is a miniature
the freshwater
sea, and
be
miniature
real
to
aquarium a
aquaria,
pond. Both,
must
have in themselves
of keeping vegetableprothe power
ductions
fresh and
growing, and animals alive,without the
The few cubic feet of water
necessityof changing the water.
enclosed
in the glass box
remain
to
must
pure from month
life
therein
animal
and
the
month, kept so by
plant
existing;
salt-water
aquarium
of decay in the plants, or of
the live inhabitants
unusual
is observed, it
mortality among
be
taken
is
that
as
sure
a
sign
something
may
wrong in the
of the littleworld.
structure
or condition
the aquarium, either of sea
The
which
or
principle upon
fresh water, is founded, is the following: A plant immersed
in water
will, under the influence of light,exhale oxygen gas;
and this oxygen
and fresh-water
it is that all fish and marine
animals
are
kept in a
require to sustain life. When
goldfiish
and
so
soon
as
any
appearance
die if the water
not
were
bowl, they would soon
continually
the
for
exhaust
from
the
small
supply
they
changed;
oxygen
there is nothing to revivify the
of water
in the bowl, and
indis
from which they have extracted what
is to them
water
an
of plant-growthpensable element of life. The introduction
however, alters all this ; the plants give out the necessary
50
HOW
similar
KEEP
TO
operations;
fixed, it should
once
The
GARDEN
WINDOW
A
toward
success
undisturbed.
entirely
grand point
a
remain
aquarium being cleansed and clear, the
next
is
that,
thing
is
of the miniature
Sand
bottom
sea.
first
four
be
must
of
about
inches,
and
depth
either artibe introduced"
ficial
Rockwork
must
now
introduced.
material
such as is used for the borderings of gardens,
the sea-shore.
A
or
pieces of natural rock, collected on
the
when
the
of
of
finished,
deal
aquarium,
appearance
great
these pieces of rock
in which
will depend upon the manner
form
natural
distributed and arranged. They should
are
the
to prepare
ground
or
pebbles, to the
caves,
the animals
in which
and
conceal
may
juttingpromontories,
one
or
more
themselves
at
extending
ure,
pleasabove
firmly fixed,by propping
around
their
pebbles, scooped away
the arran
*ement
be spared to make
pleted,
as
of rock and water
picturesque as possible,as, once comIn some
be again interfered with.
it cannot
aquaria,
is
sand
and
dispensed with, and the
pebbles
this layer of
pieces of rock are merely fastened with a little cement, or
These rocks
the water.
them up with sand and
No pains should
bases.
should
be
the
placed loose on the slate floor of the vessel, on
animals
hide
themselves
of the smaller
ground that some
the shingle,and, dying there, infect the water; but,
among
be prevented.
with care, this may
even
sures
treathe sea-side visit is the time to procure
several
There
indeed,
are,
for the aquarium.
places in
and other large cities where specimens of all kinds,
York
New
be procured; but no supply
and vegetable,may
both animal
make
thus purchased can
up for the pleasure and profitto be
derived from
collectingthe whole stock for your aquarium
yourself, and the specimens thus collected may easily be
brought, safe and sound, to the finder's inland home; for
The
period of
shall presentlygive a few
we
this part of the task, moreover,
the
the sea is retiringfrom
At low water, when
directions.
of weed-covered
foot of the cliffs,
leaving a large expanse
rock uncovered, follow the margin of the retiring waters,
for you must, in collecting
with a chisel and hammer;
armed
the rocks,
your specimens, avoid all that are merely lying on
must
You
dead.
of ten, are
out
and which, in nine cases
weeds
the
are
chip off'a little piece of the rock on which
growing that
you
collect,and
bring them
away
adhering
to
a
piece of their native rock" though a very small fragment,
as
to cling to, will be sufficient,
just enough for the weeds
sea-weeds
decaying
have
weeds
no
or
roots.
animals
that
there are
no
Take
care
the bits of stone; for if they
on
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
51
suffered to remain, and begin to decay in your vase, they
collection.
be the rain of the whole
may
choose
In making your selection of sea-weeds, or algae,
clusively
exliner kinds ; the large coarse
fuci
the smaller and
for
the
and
the
with
too strong
cover
are
aquarium
purpose,
delicate specimens
slime in decaying. The smaller and more
are
frequentlyfound hidden under the shelter of the larger
move
rekinds, or nestlingbeneath rocky ledges. In every case
that a portion of the rock on
them gently,taking care
Endeavor
is detached
to obtain
with them.
which they grow
various
colors
and
forms
of
as possible;for
as many
specimens
of colors" crimson,
the judiciousarrangement and contrast
on
and purple and
and
olive
the appearance
of your
green,
The
litlte
will
aquarium
mainly depend.
purple-tinted
pretty
is exceedingly well adapted
coralline (corattinaofficinalis)
likewise the pinnate-leavedlaurencia.
for the purpose;
The Common
Sargassum
is an interesting
specimen found
the American
The stems
shores of the Atlantic.
on
are
a
foot or
in length, alternatelypinnated with
more
simple
branches.
The plant is dark olive-colored,changing to red
dish brown, upon exposure
to air.
The small pea-likeshells
iloat the large
which
growing upon its stems are air-vessels,
are
"
-
of the plant in water.
Fugus
The Buck's
Horn
is destitute of air-vessels,
but the
extremities of the fronds are inflated,forming terminal receptacles.
The fronds are from a few inches to a foot and a half
in length,olive-green
tremities.
color,with a tinge of yellow at the exstems
The
Dictyola
rocks, as well as
grows upon
the largeralgae.The fronds are from two to nine inches
upon
in height,green in color, forming a beautiful specimen when
dried.
There are narrow
and broad fronded varieties,
of the
same
The
Dichotomous
species.
Peacock's
Tail Pavonia
is a curious
species,growing
i
n
where
the
is
water
and exposed
chiefly rocky pools,
still,
at low tide. The frond is membraneous
and spreading,presenting
various
shades
of brown, and
yellowish or reddish
darker
and
concenlrical
olive,which, with the numerous
and
lines,and a white bloom-like
powder, spreading over
less modifyingthe multiplied hues, renders this one
more
or
of the most beautiful and remarkable
of all our marine
tables.
vegeSeveral
base in erect
generally rise from the same
or
than two
more
spreading tufts,seldom
or three
slightly
inches high,the divisions arising
not
from
apparently
growth,
but from
laceration,or separation after growth, the same
concentrical lines being continued
in the same
curve
through
all the segments.
52
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
GARDEN.
WINDOW
Chylocladia
may be found either growing
to some
rocks, or attached
larger plants. Its
upon
fronds are
tubular, looking like a series of the cells of an
united at their extremities; the branches
spring
orange,
in
of these constructions, and
the plant grows
from some
tufts,from a creeping,fibrous base, and rises in height from
to six inches; they are of a tender substance, and
one
purvarieties
other
colored.
This
and
plant,
plishor pinky-red
of
annual
that are allied to it,are
duration; but the
only
minnte
by fibres,which
disk,in all of them, is accompanied
the
stem
of
the
rock
or
supporting plant,fixing
creep along
here
and
themselves
there, and forming the rudiments of
The
Articulated
future frond3.
is one
of a beautiful
The
Red
Rock-Leaved
Delessaria
genus, of which there are about a dozeu varieties. They are
plants of very fragiletexture, rarely found entire,unless
growing in rocky pools,or drawn up in nets from deep water.
The leaves of the Delessaria sanguinea are of a rich red color,
and satinytexture, ar.d from three to twelve inches in length;
is fixed by a small red disk.
the short-brauched
stem
liancy
When
this plant is perfect,it is scarcely equaled in brilthe
eous
membranof hue
by any vegetable production,
the
frond being of a vivid and glossy rose
of
pink,
part
and
veins of deep carmine.
tbe midrib
Frequentlysmall
to
it.
found
attached
zoophytes are
The
Esculent
Irid.ea consists of a subcartilaginous
iform
cunefrond,attenuated below into a short stipe. Being an
inhabitant of deep water, it is most
commonly found near the
mark.
The fronds are
from
four to eight inches
low-water
blood-red
or purple,changing to
greenish or yellong,deep
lowish
It is sometimes
white upon exposure.
ermen,
eaten by fishand other people on the coast, after being fried or
roasted, and it is said to taste like roasted oysters. The term
iridoea has reference to the iridescent hues of the growing
frond in some
of the species.
The Feathered
is of a red color,characterized,with
Ptilota
three
four varieties,by the feathered form of the
some
or
three
frond.
It is frequent on
from
rocky coasts, grows
inches to a span in length,and
is attached
by a small disk.
The younger
branches
are
pale crimson or pink; the older,
This is a beautiful
deep purplish red, passing into brown.
under
a
object,viewed
microscope or magnifyiug-glassof
high power; the surface appears dotted with coral-like scales,
ties
and the fruit is contained
in small involucres at the extremiof the segments.
The
Blunt
Ruscous-like
species,growing
upon
Delessaria
rocks, and
upon
is
the
red-fronded
largermariue
a
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
bo
is remarkable
for the
production of small
leaves from the midrib of the fronds.
is another of the red gioup,
The Lacerated
Nitof-hyllum
divided. It is very frequentlymet
its fronds being irregularly
with on rocky coasts, growing from a minute
discoid base,
from which it is frequentlybroken
The
by the waves.
away
whole plant is in general very thin and
of
delicate, a pale
The
lower
pinkish red, varying to reddish brown.
part of
the frond is always more
with parless distinctlymarked
or
allel,
dark
the
at
base, and
veins,originating
interbranching
generally vanishingat the length of two or three inches, but
sometimes
The speciesis
extending even into the branches.
in
to
variable
reference
the
breadth
and lacerations
exceedingly
The alga thrives well in a tank.
of the frond.
The feathery bryopsis,leafylaminasia, and curly condrus,
also flourish well ; and with the broad-leaved
ulva, the purple
bagnia, and purse-like cod-rain, will form a beautiful
mixture
of colors,that may
well rejoicethe heart of the aspiring
the
of
aquarium.
projector
There is much
in exhibiting by small engravings
difficulty
the true
the forms of the
portraits of sea-weeds, because
most
and
more
specimens are minute,
interesting
larly
particuthe details are such as can
observed
be
tive
only
by atten-
plants. Thte
examination, aided,in
some
cases,
by the microscope,
or
by magnifying-glasses. To be transported from the seaside
to the collector's inland home, these specimens must
be very
is
The
broad
oar-weed
carefullypacked in damp sea-weed.
the best for the purpose, being at once
and smooth
stout
and
of moisture.
The
weeds
should be
holding a great amount
replaced in their native element, in the tank, as soon
as possible,
before
the
least decay has had time to set in.
There
certain
in
are
each
month
when
the
tide
recedes
periods
lower than usual, leavinga portion of the rocks dry that is
at low water.
If possible,these times
usually covered even
should be chosen for collecting,
for a rich harvest of beautiful
specimens is sure to reward the collector;and the plants that
just grow below low-watermark
are
exactly those that thrive
best in the narrow
precinctsof the tank.
Very few of the
smaller specimens will fail to flourish if,when
obtained, they
but
must
be
are
quite healthy;
carefullywatched, and
they
that exhibits the least sign of yellownessor decay,
any weed
at once
Avoid brown
removed, before it can infect the rest.
weeds of the largerkind; they slough,and make
the water
turbid and offensive,
and thus ruin all your efforts.
When
the vegetable products of the ocean
have been left undisturbed
is not at all
for a few days in the tank" a fortnight
clear, greenish,crysta\
too long" and the water
a
assumes,
54
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
appearance, and when minute bubbles are seen adheringto the
sides of the leaves, and risingto the surface of the water, the
time has
their new
come
for
introducingthe zoologicalspecimens
to
for these
tilledwith
minute
bubbles
are
abode;
is iu
oxygen
gas, and their presence is a sign that the water
state
to
a tit
support animal lifewith all its requirements in
the seathe way of oxygen.
Now
is the time to go out
shore
on
in search of inhabitants for the newly-organizedsea;
and we must
of the animals that
give a descriptionof some
will best thrive in the aquarium, and a few directions as to
the method
of findingand preservingthem.
The Sea- Anemone,
is
or Actinia, in its different varieties,
of the first objects for which the young
naturalist should
one
the objects
search "if, indeed, it can be called a search, when
of quest lie scattered at low tide along every coast, and it is
rather a matter
tion
of selectingthan finding; but on this selecthe appearance
of the aquarium will greatlydepend.
the
that were
These are
curious creatures
once
thought to
form the link between
and vegetablekingdoms.
the animal
contended
Because
found attached to rocks, it was
they were
cause
that they derived nourishment
of
roots; and beby a system
they put forth long and slender arms, it was contended
that they had branches
analogous to those of a plant; while,
their arms, and
being able to move
taking and digesting
held to partake also of an animal nature.
food, they were
observation
has shown, however, that they are
of
not permanently fixed to rocks:
they have the power
moving from one place to another, and attaching themselves
is desirable.
whenever
such a removal
anew,
When
the animal is left dry by.the tide,or is reposing or
orifice
feeding,the tentacula are drawn in, and the common
with
water, and searching for food,
closed,when covered
with a gentle
about
the tentacula are extended, and
move
Attentive
the anemone
changes its abode,
the
it quits hold of the rock, and reversing its position,uses
fish,or meat
tentacula as legs. When
shells,pieces of raw
diately
too
offered to them, if not
are
large,they will be immethe
shells
seized and
swallowed; and although
pf
in
mollusks given to them may be firmlyclosed, they manage
the fish and
ejectthe
some
extraordinary way to consume
undulatingmotion.
When
shells empty.
somest
the handvarieties of the sea-anemone;
There are many
tinted in various
is the carnation-like sea-anemone,
mone
for the carnation-anescientific name
shades of red.
The
Americans, who
is A ctinia mesembryantliemum
; but
ously
have unceremonidon't in general care
for long Latin names,
"
well-known
other
mes." There are
shortened this into
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINIOW
known
of anemone,
as
sheaf," and the "crass," which
kinds
the
is an
55
GARDEN.
"daisy," the
abbreviation
"wheatof cras-
sicrais.
A
littlebelow
high-watermark, plenty of specimens
of the
found.
The
posed
exmore
they are
the air, the darker
is their color.
to the light and
to
varieties
be sought for
are
Thus, the beautiful pale pink
to low-water
nearer
mark, and in situations where overhanging
shelter them from the sun.
weeds or stones
Those found
mark
are
half-way between high and low water
generallya
fine bright red; and the anemones
in exposed positionsare
in the darkness
of their tints.
almost brownish
The
is generallyto be sought for in crevices,
"crass"
In your wanderings
behind bunches
of overhanging weeds.
along the coast, if you stop at any overhanging lump of rock,
sea-weeds hang down, so as to form a natural
from which
if
stones and
some
screen,
you liftthis screen, you will see
to be arranged on
stance.
shells which seem
some
gelatinoussub"
is a
crass."
This substance
By touchingthe base
find
is fixed on
will
whether
with your finger,
the crass
you
the solid rock, or on
the loose sand.
If the former is the
case, better leave him alone, and search for another specimen ;
for he holds on so tightly,
that you will scarcely succeed in
detaching your crass without injuringhim in such a way that
he won't live in the aquarium.
A good many
are
generally
that
found
to
there
is
need
risk of
the
no
run
together, so
carryingaway an injuredspecimen, as a littlefurther search
will almost
where
crasses
invariablyshow
you plenty more
have
found
Choose
fixed
two
that
have
one.
or three
you
themselves to small bits of stone or rock that you can
cbip off,
and bring them away
with the stone.
The smaller specimens
are
best, for they live longest,and look most ornamental.
Small specimens of star-fish are very interesting
objectsfor
the aquarium, with their strangely colored rays and extraordinary
motions.
There
varieties of this strange
are
many
The star-Ash has a considerable
creature.
motion
tendency to locoand is quite a livelyobject among
the sedate
pants
occuof the aquarium.
brittle
The
star-fish is one
of the
handsomest
i
n
addition
its
to
curious
specimens, displaying,
form, vivid hues, arranged in beautiful patterns. It is called
brittle from the curious property
of spontaneously dividing
into
with
wonderful quickness and
itself,
pieces
separating
Touch it and it flings
ease.
in a
an
arm
; hold it,and
away
moment
not an arm
attached to the body. The starremains
fish
multitude
moves
of
of
little
suckers
means
the
a
on
by
under
side of each ray, which
adhere to the surface over
which he walks, on the principleof the leathern
"suckers''
"mes"
anemone
maybe
56
HOW
TO
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GAKDEN.
which boys raise bricks and stones, by exhausting the
with
the stone and the sucker.
Iu traveling,
air between
the starfish
puts three of his rays out in front,while the remaining
follow behind.
two
They are evidentlyaffected by the presence
of light,and in the aquarium
will grow
when
a
lively
lighted candle is brought near them.
called the sea hetlge-hog,
The Echinus, commonly
or
seafor
the
treasure
is
and
be
a
urchin,
aquarium,
great
may
found.
seized as a prize whenever
They are
mostly of a
divided
five
into
conical or
spherical shape,
segments,
from
which
with minute
covered
project tentacles,
holes,
etc.
The surface of
of
touch,
locomotion,
as
serving organs
with shellyspines,of various forms and
the body is covered
is in the center; they feed upon
mouth
The
thicknesses.
marine
productions.
mollusks, livingin strong shells of an
oblong triangularform, terminatingin a point. The head of
the hinge. Mussels
the point,near
the animal
is situated toward
abound
on
rocks, and the pilesof piers and quays, to
of 3trong fibres.
themselves
which they attach
by bunches
which they sometimes
When
do, they thrust a
they move,
in
way
tongue-likefoot out of the shell,and fixing it some
ways
alshould
mussel
The
onward.
themseves
advance, draw
It is a very hardy
have a place in the aquarium.
creature, and although familiar to everyone, is by no means
mands
an
object of contemplation. It especiallycomuninteresting
of
its
means
byssus
our
admiration, whenever, by
itself
of silk-like threads), it anchors
(formed by a number
take
to the sides of the tank, becoming so fixed that it would
pretty considerable force to dislodge it.
Barnacles
often to be found upon the sea-shore,drifted
are
thither upon
the wood
of a wrecked
ship, or other floating
had long driven
which
body. We have seen a ship's mast,
with them.
about at sea,
They are often
literallycovered
of ships,
to
the bottoms
found clingingin great numbers
in
live
clusters,
greatly retardingtheir speed. They grow or
Mussels
are
bivalve
or
branch
barnacle
consistingof a membranaceous
which is fixed to some
body, the animal being invested
arm,
with compressed shells,attached to the pedicel. The larger
in the same
barnacles cluster with
the smaller
group, and
with
furnished
form
of various
sizes. They are
bunches
food.
tentacula, with which they gather their
many
each
When
ships covered with the barnacle arrive iu our ports,the
barnacles
are
eagerly scraped off by men, who take them for
their delicate white
sale as marine
curiosities, or who make
kind of fancy shell-work. The
porcelain-likeshells into some
coasts of Africa,
barnacles
themselves
eaten
some
on
are
58
HOW
through
hands,
a
TO
curious
KEEP
A
WINDOW
GARDEN.
of
series
performances, which, if he had
ahould
be disposed to call manipulations. A
the ground, and the hermit
seizes it with
his
we
shell lies on
with
claws and feet, twists it about
wonderful
as
dexterity,
if testingits weight; and having examined
every portion of
its exterior,he proceeds to satisfyhimself about the interior.
For this purpose
he pushes his fore-legs
far into the shell
as
as they will reach, and
probes, with their assistance,every
that
If this examination
be
reached.
satisfies him,
can
spot
he whisks himself into the shell with such
that bo
rapidity,
acted
appears to be
upon by a spring."
[THE END.]
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TOM
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HAL
J. T. BROUGHAM"
(Philadelphia
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RALPH
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