1. sports
2. sailing

MODEL
AND
MODEL
HOW
A
YACHTS
YACHT
TO
BUILD,
SAILING.
RIG,
AND
SAIL
MODEL
SELF-ACTING
YACHT.
BY
E. WALTON,
JAMES
ILLUSTRATED
FIFTY-EIGHT
WITH
AND
GRIFFITH
SUCCESSORS
WEST
CORNER
OF
E.
P.
ST.
BUTTON
V.M.Y.C.
TO
NEWBERY
PAUL'S
AND
MDCCCLXXX.
ENGRAVINGS.
FARRAN,
AND
HARRIS,
CHURCHYARD,
CO., NEW
YORK.
LONDON.
\The
rights
of
reserved^
of
Translation
Reproduction
and
are
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PREFACE
.11
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
INTRODUCTION
CHAP.
.15
I.
PRINCIPLES
SELF-ACTING
OF
MODEL
YACHT
BUILDING
How
II.
TO
21
MAKE
HULL
THE
.
,,
III.
How
TO
DECK
MAKE
"c.
RUDDER,
FITTINGS,
-31
.
.
47
.
"
IV.
How
FIT
TO
STANDING
MASTS,
RUNNING
AND
"
"c
GEAR,
V.
How
TO
.
MAKE
SAILS
THE
SET
AND
-
5 7
.
73
THEM
"
How
VI.
TO
SAIL
STEER
AND
A
MODEL
YACHT
85
.
"
MATERIALS
SHIPS
MODEL
FOR
.
.
.
.
.
GLOSSARY
MODEL
TABLES
WATERS
-97
100
"
CONTESTS
YACHT
OF
IN
MODEL
YACHT
THE
ON
SEA
102
....
REGATTAS
.
LONDON
FOR
MODEL
YACHT
.
.
SAILING
.
.103
.104
PREFACE.
"
THERE
Yacht
the
ships
it is
few
way
of
and
English
further
the
most
his
match
in
croquet,
the
the
is
yachtsman
is the
as
which
mallet, and
skilful
boys
be
can
found
an
interest
in
remarkable,
as
well
no
in
nation,
which
vessels;
manager
to
nearly
whereas
self-actingmodel
the
of
Model
scientific
properly
a
wind
than
young
take
not
maritime
a
model
;
in
game
the
lawn,
winning
do
or
very
as
of
a
and
afford
skilful
most
player.
Very
taken,
the
balls
certain
croquet
a
is
water
old
to
which
amusements
practised
resembles
it
the
if
Sailing;
manner
us
open-air
many
genuine enjoyment
more
as
not
are
as
still, matches
all
if
is
he
can
boys
were
be
little
have
not
ships, and
disgrace
to
utterly purposeless
or
sail
men
their
requisite knowledge,
the
as
model
the
note
with
yacht
as
who
under
much
actually
sailed
in
the
on
which
control
board
the
:
Preface.
1 2
results
certain
as
are
ordinary yachts,
actual
of
a
sails
at
his
of this work
find
he
modifications,to
model
instance
in
only, model
bar
ships need
is such
or
yacht.
an
disposesthe
of
and
steer
no
To
it must
give
better
one
fixed rudder,
be
the old
it ;
reverses
very
great
incumbrance,
quite upsets
"
board, steers
on
and
so
dispensed
adage of
our
without,
a
model
save
in
yachts,as
will
way.
rudder
A
be
rudder
ment
manage-
knowledge
yachts require
rudder,"
a
no
the
applied it, without
perfectaction,that
to
ship without
one
a
altogether.This
with
"
sail
fact,a fixed rudder
great a
is
he
this
secondary importance if
of
(seep. 103).
reduces,augments,
will, would
of
tables
the
in
seen
boat, when
or
rudder, and
with
be
matches
of the
thoroughly understands
ship
a
those
are
may
at the end
races
sailor who
A
as
as
shown
it has
The
done
is used
in
its
at
times
place,but
on
it must
model
be
removed
when
its work.
sails and
hulls of model
yachtsare
also very
dif-
Preface.
ferent to those of full-sized
with
must
the
to
mew
using the
Model
yachts. They
and
being self-acting,
this
itself,
steer
1
sails both
result
at,
but, alas
well, they are
they will
!
largeyachts,and
by
men
any
copieswill
miniature
I have
made
not
be
acting yachts cannot
book
subject,it
the
result
is
of
many
a
made
show
and
that
full
almost
yacht with perfectsuccess.
of
are
brated
cele-
their
guidance.
that model
self-
sailed without
no
the
contains
yacht making
want, and
construct,
the
there is
as
particularson
national
to
they
certain
this, which
years' model
sail
not
sailed and
are
similar
and
experience,
boy
ordinarily
intelligent
model
latter
to
gives
believed
will supply an
sailing,
any
and
got which
be
to
miniature
sail without
remarks
these
knowledge
requisite
these
as
sense,
board, it is very
on
by
beautiful
sail,or will
not
generallyactual reproductions in
steered
obtained
be very
may
in
self-acting
not
yacht
propellingand steering.
for
yachts,as usuallymade,
to look
model
a
be
only
can
constructed
are
as
3
and
enable
rig,and
sail
1
Preface.
4
As
the
ascertain
I may
of
proof
a
best
length,but
same
with
"c., with
increase
beam
beam
of
ballast
more
that the
hull
and
the best of those
sail
more
keel
before
vessel
with
It
before
is
a
true
doubtful
(tablesof
every
of
the
between
used,
and
"
and
also
in order
decisive,a
measurement
same
and
best, after many
each
carried, and
as
their sails
deciding beyond
trials
on
were
doubt
the
open
wind.
if such
them
will
experiments
be
author, therefore, feels assured
have
proportion
crucial
mentioned,
which
to
increasingbeam,
be
be
of the
interchangeable,thus
sea
made, all
necessarilywith
"
could
be
taken
beam, rig,"c., commencing
best
could
been
self-acting
yacht,
a
been
known,
became
made
was
have
model, till the
constructed
was
for
beam, and
narrow
in lead
have
of different
experiments should
final vessel
that
rig
yachts
each
very
each
length and
pains
five
that
say
the
confidence
seen
at
that
in the instruction
were
p.
ever
made
102),and
his
here
readers
given.
the
may
INTRODUCTION.
first
THE
is to
thing
the
know
vessel,
the
forming
and
at
the
all ;
f in.
to
the
the
boat,
smaller
diagram
foot, and
say
everything
smaller
;
as
the
give
the
be
useful
in
the
in., all
that
need
i
smaller,
and
for
however,
in
;
a
proportion
of
to
be
make
done
2-ft.
a
would
3-ft.
and
a
in.
have
rule
of
39
desires
would
above
Ibs.
glossary,
drawing
3-feet water-line,
30
weight
the
diagram
a
;
outline
is drawn
the
of
work.
the
reader
and
the
purpose
exact
of
yachtsmen
sails, parts
if any
keel,
by weight,
I
will
an
self-acting yacht,
over
this
of
is
frontispiece
model
make
end
non-nautical
different
for
frontispiece
also, is added
The
the
of
names
"c.,
"c.,
for
necessary
boat
to
not
a
is
boat
be
to
"
culated
cal-
apply,
requires
1
Introduction.
6
Ibs.,
20
boat
Ibs.
6
will
I
scooped
small
outside
if
leaks,
take
and
"c.,
it
Ibs.,
u
or
i
;
of
one
never
out
and
24-in.
a
time
to
is
easier
pieces
thin
can
at
;
and,
"c.,
"c.
vessel
a
than
(it
it
planks),
repaint,
make
to
block,
too
to
comes
solid
it
st,
better
is
the
scooped
the
it
from
make
not
half
that
here
planks
to
10
nearly.
note
carpenter
not
or
out,
of
one
boat
2-ft.-6-in.
a
build
to
takes
good
a
be
first,
lastly,
altered
it
it
never
does
OF
VIEW
(ACTUAL
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UPWARDS
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(ACTUAL MEASUREMENT)
DECK
LINES
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OR
2
LOAD
OVER
LINE
ALL
CHAPTER
PRINCIPLES
OF
I.
MODEL
YACHT
BUILDING.
Model
24
divisions
as
"
of
model
a
so
first,
Yachts
beam
and
shell
for the
far
deck
and
regards
as
I
amidships"
"
these
ideas
(see diagram
there stated
riggedher
She
Sailing.
generallines
"
should
and
eleven
as
"
get
the
near
vessels
of my
going through
thus
divisions
the water
the
widest
centre
of
;"
part
motion
gravityas possible,
With
I
Yacht
Model
inches, I took the forward
secondly,because
or
and
as
sailed well
in any
direction
a
in
3, p.
(as is
schooner
a
I constructed
17),with
the
case
; thus
and
steadily,
and
in
mind
my
the
on
actual
all the
"
Sea-
ments
measure-
drawings).
"
could
lightbreeze, but
be
her
made
narrow
to go
beam
Principlesof Model
in
in.
built
"
the
lines
increased
ship
being
she
beam,
of
beat
"
"
Seashell
above-mentioned
more
"
nearly 2
model
for
"Diana"
with
keel, and
any
sailingunder
rig,
cutter
pleasure. I
at
in
fish ; all
harmony
5 Ibs. lead
considerablyin
that
this
more
power,
Silver
this vessel
most
line
found
but
wind,
of the
any
sails.
Learning by
meant
nearly
of the
the
in
course
had
(see
cutter
a
larger than
was
especiallyin strong winds,
and
running away
was
the measurement
schooner, or lugger
frontispiece),
made
useless
(see diagram 4),with
exactlyto
hull
of the
rigged as
she
her
sideways, simply increasing each
proportion as
was
"
Mermaid
beam, and
more
mackerel
the
she
25
it.
I next
the
Building.
keel,rendered
stiff breeze, except when
a
from
2
Ibs.
with only 3
lightness,
and
Yacht
Spray
in.
more
I reached
yacht
"
beam
increased
(see diagram 5),with
about
builders
weight
greater speed,I then
sail,and
beam
and
than
"
8 Ibs.
Mermaid,"
keel,
and
the
proportionalbeam
have
adopted,viz. 3^
in
that
beams
that
and
rig sailingfaster
for
fixed rudders
I stuck
which
point at
yet I wished
to
time
progress,
covered
disthis
quickly
more
time
I discarded
before.
had
I
; I
and
reached
could
depth would
or
also
under
same
Spray,"
some
beam
still increased
think
for
are
stated
reasons
Silver
"
this model,
With
boats
the
; at
I
way,
truer, and
and
only,
cutter
a
best,the
managed
expeditiously
and
as
every
rigwas
cutter
Sailing.
Yacht
"
Mermaid
"
easilybeat
she
Model
rigged her
I
length.
the
to
and
Yachts
Model
26
a
hardly
be
vantage,
ad-
an
try something
I would.
I
at
through
the
Now
over.
vessel
got
noticed
of
duck
upon
conclusions
only,but
over
goes
a
carefully,and
over
following
water
a
built
succeed
matter
the
arrived
I
the
thought
a
ship
the
combination
fish
A
:
last
at
goes
and
through
goes
how
water
;
of
fish
would
and
a
duck
?
a
duck,
the way
the water
and
took
ducks
the
a
plastercast
got
over
of
his
under
side,
the water, the resistance
ripplesand
wake
caused
by
the
Principlesof Model
duck's
motion
ship
a
the
to
the
any
direction
the
stiller it
is
is,and
the
light draught
very
below
and
largersails
beam
of
a
sails
does
up
No
and
although
I
and
it results
2nd,
there
is
have
not
think
inclined
to
of three
beams
to
a
the
her
limit
goes
displace. I
greater beam,
lead
keel
from
keel
making
to
a
so
the
power
lightdraught and
wider
beam.
of
vessel
a
well
much
that
as
have
being
also
breadth
much
of
one
ist, the
"
wind,
so
wide
a
more
more
leeway.
beam, and
yet fully experimented,I
that the
the
of
a
to leeward
over
down," prevents
doubt
that
to
perpendicular
propel;
to
vessel
one
get greatlyincreased
reason
beam, and
being more
deeper
compensated for
to
heel
not
narrower
power
"
than
also
stands
the
I felt satisfied that the
more
limit is reached
length.
it ;
easilydisplacedin
with
water,
the bottom, I should
speed, for
It
of
a
make
to
through
difficult to
more
I built
considered,therefore,if
than
alive,and
downwards,
save
27
I decided
rather
water
water
Building.
water, and
the
over
go
top of
the
over
Yacht
in
"
am
Diana,"
Model
28
On
this
I
19), with
p.
built
these
them
largerthan
her
to
she
increased
than
more
speed and
her
those
with
of
beam
Crest,"on
of the
out
than
I
build
size
in
I remarked
making
Spray," in proportion
utmost
(in lead keel),and
for
expectations,
she
out, both
in
and
out
vessel
exactly,but
"Storm
she
extra
"c., "c., all
freeboard
sometimes
ought
with
i
in.
deeper
Along" (see diagram
depth
were
this
and
of
hold
exactlythe
"
;
lead
Golden
sooner
I determined
of the
19), the
Crest
to
same
this I did
hold ;
7, p.
Golden
same.
"
(i.e.little height
lines and
same
ments,
experi-
my
overpowered
be, and
to
the
on
finished
strong winds
in
that
water),was
thought
quite
not
of her low
account
another
in.
Ibs.
10
cutter,
a
her
\
steadiness.
difference between
i
depth,and
as
ballast
models
former
Still,however, I had
for
sails
and
in., or
ioi
4 in.
Silver
"
Sailing.
(see diagram 6,
"
Crest
bare
only a
fulfilled my
beat all the three
Yacht
qualities,beam
fitted
keel ; I
Model
Golden
"
length exactly,and
lead
and
Yachts
"
only
being
the
keel, sails, masts,
Principlesof Model
when
Now,
of
Greek
So
war.
it
trials
Yacht
Greek, then
meets
here, and
was
all
in
it
that
was
sails
"
; the
winner
Golden
first I
at
when
;
this
reason
wind
the
Crest
strong breezes
"
little ;
a
won
sea
happened
"
Along
to
their
to
feet
of
but
it
booms,
sails
laced
was
sure
to
mind, all these
most
;
the
open
sea
for
hours, with
(the most
perfecttest).I
and
after, Storm
"
ever
cut
true
Golden
were
winds
"
won
Storm
such
me
a
had
conducted
loose,and
a
model
Crest
and
had
I
"
whichever
the sails
Along
of
sailingof
experiments
"
that
the
"
I
won.
struck
lose,and
with
"
never
mistaken, however, for I found
was
hand,
Along
sails
own
smooth,
sea
out
the
with
interfere much
trifle would
I
the
lace
found
proved
its
Along
Storm
"
then
I
considerablyalways.
berless
num-
establish
with
and
Storm
on,
sails, and
interchangedtheir
each
the other
on
"
and
"
Along
moderate
was
after
difficult to
was
sailed
only
the tug
finally by actually
Storm
"
29
comes
only
was
and
winds,
interchangingtheir sails,that
the
Biiilding.
true
"
:
the
lost
on
sea
at once
the
proved invariably
Model
30
victor ; in
lightwinds
Storm
"
Model
by
Yacht
With
"
Along
these
all
ornaments,
of
projections
or
"c., necessary
gear,
everythingelse
is
to
the
there
ships
day.
kind, nothing
any
sails
only useless,
not
bulwarks,
no
are
the
set
lateral power,
therefore
carried
always
Sailing.
but in strong
little,
very, very
the greater buoyancy, and
winds
of
and
Yachts
but
no
the
and
work
them
but
mischievous
;
lumber.
when
remarked
be
It may
before
running
rudders,
great
at very
run
that
the
the
nearly the
falls into
each
but
place,as
yet tried
whether
boats
those
self-actinglead
speed,lengthto
same
its
of
with
wind,
governing speed ;
extent
whole
ward,
wind-
turningto
on
assigned to
a
it in the
foregoingpages.
I
have
than
on
not
i the
my
undertake
oars
the
Particulars
"
Storm
length
is
improvement
an
awhile, and
greater beam
perhaps
; I
some
one
still
resting
am
else
may
experiment.
of the
Along
"
are
races
noted
between
on
p.
"
102.
Golden
Crest
"
and
CHAPTER
HOW
BEFORE
entering
the
enumerate
small
axe,
bradawl,
small
MAKE
tools
i-in.
rat-tail
last, though
chapter,
:
these
I will
are
a
i-in. gouge,
a
rasp,
a
hammer,
a
pair
of
gimlet,
pliers,a
mallet, and
needed
gouge,
a
this
of
be
will
screw-driver,
a
HULL.
subject
which
plane,
saw,
THE
the
upon
round-nosed
small
a
TO
II.
a
file,a half-round
least, a good
not
file,
pocket-
knife.
is
It
model
out
cut
scooped
outside
out,
just
To
if
as
oil
too
from
;
split,rub
every
a
at
any
solid
a
time
all
if
beginners,
block, because
be
can
it with
a
piece
working
of
liabilityto split is
3-ft. yacht (see
lateral
on
of
flannel
on
if
made
block, in process
the
after
for
rate
thin, alterations
desirable
easily, and
make
easiest,
ships
out
should
linseed
and
best
not
the
cutting
dipped
it, the
to
tools
in
cut
obviated.
view,
frontispiece;
c
Model
34
deck
p.
in it
Divide
in.
the
on
deck
hull
or
line
must
side,
upper
side
the
the
axe
both
carefully
or
(mind
; it must
be
each
of
cracks
in.
39
"
shown
by
lost
be
the
it
the dotted
or
best
rubbed
side for
lengthways
divisions,and
length
thus
and
choose
divide
outlines,
knots
thus
never
finished;
compartments
each
deep ;
halves,as
is
sectional
well-seasoned
8 in.
Sailing.
few
as
exact
centre
diagram 8, p. 19);
With
Yacht
deal,with
wide, and
till the
eleven
of
it into two
this
"
block
a
and
possible,
as
long,13
out
Model
outline, diagram 8, p. 19; and
37),get
line
and
Yachts
into
off
set
carefully
line
(as
shown
in
"
all the
tools
sides of the block
are
till it is
sharp)chop
shaped thus
off
"
to Make
How
With
the gouge
of the
bottom
much
by
for the
The
i wide.
entrance
and
Having
cut
and
cut
out
the
entrance
taking care
with
the
curves
the
diagram
little forward
time cut away
same
shows
one
keel,
side,with
out.
other
all the
side to
correspondexactly,
bottom
with
curved
of the deck
cutwater,
nothing at top,
at
in the
will leave \ in. for the
as
the sides and
rasp,
off
next
run
rounded
piece
and
run
; and
run
bottom
the
of
the
out
35
pieceof wood, beginninga
of the middle
so
cut
the Hitll.
diagram
about
36
measure
c
parts
2
\
c,
in.
in. from
the
are
saw
at
the
plane and
in
a
keeping
slanting
bottom
middle
to
of
Model
36
the
towards
cutwater
of
keel in the run,
of
the
how
to
The
so
(the
must
the
dotted
cut
the
out
piece
the counter
(projecting
lines
show
where
than
3
and
the
If the vessel
the outside
to
stempost
now
or
to
best
your
the
cutwater
exactlyequal
sailors call
it with
sectional
ship
over
sternpost
(a a
is the
diagram E).
is
lob-sided,as
the
in., and
3 ft. 3 in.
quitestraight,and
keel is
the
3 ft. keel, and
model
and
sternpost in above
ship builder
be
ship will
perpendicular to
rasp, scrape
projectmore
not
smooth
see
ability,
The
leave
Sailing.
"
Now
making
stern, and
to
as
Yacht
cut)
therefore
not
Model
the
thus
stern);
counter
all.
and
Yachts
glass,and
look
views
judge of
it,you
can
on
both
sides,and
finish it with
polishit with
sand
the
paper,
ship-shape.
perfectly
here
shown
the correctness
enable
the
of his work
if cut athwart
represent the hull when finished^
or
model
;
they
across
to Make
How
into
four
in the
model
present these
if so, it is
flatter
and
of
this
and
exteriorly
;
the
the
other
two) ;
the
bottom,
would
of
much
next
mallet.
adhere
midship section (althoughit governs
to
as
course
do
it may
indicated
be
by
cut
not
think
I advise
the
it should
it,as
somewhat
the dotted
slightly
vary
the
lines,
other
be
vessel
tional
sec-
made
would
buoyancy.
SECTIONAL
The
outlines
if his
see
this
angular,nor
lose too
can
the
exactlyto
outlines,but I do
more
builder
nearlythese
or
all necessary
at
the
of
on
requiredpositionthe
by holding
right.
It is not
outlines
37
pieces of equal length,and
vessel
outline
the Hull.
VIEWS.
thing
is to
Leave
the sides
scoop
it out
with
everywhere t
or
the
gouge
J in. thick,
Model
38
and
be
thicker
careful
in
The
not
is the
gouge
centrebit,to
bore
assistance,it
saves
look thus
(gunwale
stem,
and
and
a
leave
the sides
another.
principaltool
holes
all
half the
the inside
the
a
sheer
for this
the
over
smoothed,
work, but
inside, is
hammering
a
great
a
however, when
;
your
by planing
a), beginning
to nothingat
decreasing
what
clearly
fashion
Sailing.
thinner,or
scoop
it : the dotted
vessel
looks very
-Jin.
the stern.
is meant
out
nothing
at
to
graduallyincreasing
shows
Yacht
Model
should
vessel
"
make
Next
to
part than
one
scooped out
and
Yachts
by
gunwale
forward
at
the
amidships,and again
The
the
line is the sheer
stiff and
the
diagram
sheer,and
below
G
how
to
"
ungracefulwithout
it.
Model
40
the
lead
and
two
keel)screws
beam
; if
edge
of
the
this
the
side
is done
in
a
hull
practically
water-tight.Mind
leave
place for
The
The
mahogany,
f
in.
other
hatchway
operation is
next
leaden.
the
false keel is
of the
thick, \
; thus
to
in.
deep
deck
the
ought
way,
step of the
or
put
on
the
the
keel
be
bottom
describe
screwed
of
of
the
drawing
is
to
mast.
false and
"
the
at
end, and
one
the
ship,
in. at
the
of
keel
i
or
JJICO
screws
keel, and
with
"
must
brass
the
simplya stripof beech, oak,
)".
This
and
the beam
keels
the
the
and
perfect,
be
to
in.,
into
level
puttingin
in
of 3
distances
smoothed
lengthas
same
Sailing.
workmanlike
off and
planed
ship,the
the
equal
through
screws
deck
of
about
at
three
or
Yacht
Model
and
Yachts
into
proper
the
keel
the
length,i.e.
ship,about
of
not
6 in.
"
Diana," and
underneath
the best way
as
to
there
make
is marked
shown,
it.
to
be
shipwith
through
go
apart.
position it occupies,can
of
the
This
false
in
easilyseen
K
and
; the
leaden
I will
now
to Make
How
Ibs. of
20
before
lead
stated,and
pot, on
box
"
dry, or the lead
ft.
3
Ibs. of
20
mould
3 in. at
be
other ; this
the
lead, and
follows
here
First
a
any
old
make
an
i-in.boards
full of air-holes
width,
in. inside
in
smooth
of any
splutterand
will
long inside,f
end, and
one
or
fire.
1
3-ft.yacht,as
a
melted
be
can
kitchen
ordinary clear
any
oblong narrow
"
lead
the
4
required for
be
will
the Hull.
in.
2
deep
hold
will
drawing
at
about
of
the
mould.
Into
the bottom
shown
in the
six
or
and
mould,
be
drawing,must
of
the
than
the
keel,and
mould
intended
screws
will,as
leave
perceives,
to go
; these
no
holes
in
the
through,these
in. from
the extreme
be rather
the leaden
screw
the
doubt
i
must
pegs
to
stickingupright,as
placedat equal distances
eightpegs, beginningabout
ends
screws
of this
thicker
to the
false
reader already
intelligent
cast
screws
leaden
may
be
keel
for
the
long enough
Model
42
through the
to go
the work
will
the
melted
the
keel
trim
it
lead, "pour it
holes
make
placeswith
red-hot
of
the
the
false keel
bradawl, and
heaviest
well
end
thickest
; the
up
at
end
the
in
be
quite
it
the
lead
is
stem
and
with
keel must
the
with
so
screws
and
a
be
bore
that the heads
lead, so
put aft
out
mind
countersinkingthe
the
cannot
the
them
on
level
the
in their proper
the
of
with
(ifyou
them
burn
screwing
holes
called
of
then
mould,
"
receive
to
Having
the
of
false keel
and
mould, and
the
bottom
top and
it,bore
splitting
may
operation is
ship
of
top of the
screws
better.
it out
take
through the
through the
skewer)
ship'sbottom,
shape be something thus
to and
the
Sailing.
into
once
cool
behind, and when
or
at
the sides and
danger
without
out
; when
let the
on
Yacht
stronger and
all the
it, smooth
Screw
Model
and
false keel into the
be
is made
plane,and
aft
Yachts
lead
(this
screws) ;
to
as
deep
at
make
the
the
the
stern
;
How
the
"
for
reason
this
model
sailinga
to Make
will
of
leaden
gives great
hull may
hold
draw,
so
deeperaft
Next
get
a
this
soldered
band
to cover
the
in
two
and
stones,
holes
be
covers
wood
the
of the stem
and
false
the
leverage
sail
carried,and
the
more
this
be
than
if she
without
floats about
brass
about
likelyyou
pieces;
keel at
"c.,
at
3 in.
the
5 ft. long,\ in.
will
have
it is to
to
it at
every
a
bottom, ends, and
every
inch where
sternpost.
get
make
from
being
strikingthe shore,
on
in
it.
will do.
three
or
can
arrangement
sheet
punched
lead,and
the
greater distance
a
sternpost, to keep them
injured by
must
at
that
the
leaden
the
here
little water
floats,and
stripof
stem
chapter on
increasing the weight, and
\ in. thick ; most
wide, and
add
keel
forward, that
than
the
the water, however
that
she
try how
Now
also
upon
better with
ship steer
in
ship,greatlyincreases
without
keel
to
leaden
of the
the bottom
the
given
43
yacht."
keel,by holding the
from
be
however, be well
It may,
the Hull.
"c. ;
3 in. where
it
covers
it
the
Model
44
Yachts
and
Model
Yacht
Sailing.
K
The
it
above
occupies(I
better);
rest
be
may
the
me
done
to
be
the
lead
and
put
on
is meant,
the
screwed
with
be
and
drawing
keel,"c.,
must
brass
This
operation,and
perfectlystraightat
it
screws,
stated
; the
\ in. wide,
to
has
place
show
to
above
as
the
i-in.
filed away
left \ in. wide.
difficult
most
what
distorted
part of it
cutwater
to
have
it must
countersunk,
the
shows
drawing
always been
it must
bottom
be well
and
both
ends.
When
in
screwing
the
for the
stem
for the
it
on
TO
BE
one
bobstay,and
rudder,
self-acting
HOLES
leave
as
shown
hole
two
without
in
in this
the
screw
sternpost
drawing.
LEF
TOR
RUDDER
The
one
HINGES
in
the stem
must
be about
5 in. from
top, and
to Make
How
the
in
two
dots
show
The
the
the
hull is
sternpost about
finished
now
in.
planks, leaving\
this
way
in.
been
black
to
the deck
stern
all round
to
with
imitate
look
to
followingremarks
understood
to do
them,
must
be
like
a
I will close
for
given in
a
from
a
error
be
if my
the
skill
directions
have
far,will be
a
yacht'shull.
chapterand
the dimensions
it is easier to work
than
of
elsewhere
upwards
from
mistake, fo^ an
a
wards
down-
small
error
in
one.
a
2-ft.
multipliedby working upwards, while
would
3-ft.boat
ingenuityand
out, the result,so
largesize
chance
impossible
things, and
many
that
3-ft.boat, because
is less
would
this
it is almost
left to the
; it is sufficient
reasonablycarried
I have
There
that
operation;
good seaworthy model
A
scratch
stem
margin
the
every
of the builder
same
the
"
; next
apart from
with
be
mention
boat
5 in. apart
chapter.
It must
to
45
places.
lines \
straight
gunwale, and
the Hull.
be decreased
is somewhat
in
working
the
downwards.
large and heavy ;
2
ft. and
Model
Yachts
in.
the
46
2
ft. 6
boat
is
are
and
best
6 in. is
size
I
a
very
and
"
"
"
It would
so
tables
pound
; but
or
on
I also add
to make
of
Indeed, unless
boat, and
of
13" x 8", keel
39" x
3-ft.boat, block
2-ft.-6-in.boat,,,
32^x io(|-x6|
26
2-ft. boat,
19^x6^
i-ft-6-in.boat,
"
not
matter
if in the
so
heavier, and
no
account
the
weight
the vessels
8f
x
"
run
X4
requires i^
2-ft. boat
"
l-ft.-6-in.boat
"
be
of
"
"
"
3
"
the keel
were
half-pound or
any
case.
necessaiy
the wind.
before
"
of size may
as
"
rudders
leaden
of the
blocks
lighterin
be
they
:
7
a
ft.
Ibs.
20
large sizes
2-ft.-6-in. boat
calculation
the
"
in the small
must
the masts, sails,and
5-i-
x
i
fast.
10
"
attempt
sail,"c.,
so
for
large
boat
a
will
not
course
measurement
3-ft.boat
For
even
boys, and
for
a
not
keels for all these sizes
weight of
For
a
good
2-ft.
3-ft.boat, though
a
append
wood
Sailing.
required,beginnersshould
specially
a
as
Yacht
sizes.
anything largerthan
well
Model
tackle
f
Ibs.
"
\
"
?
"
of
easilymade.
smaller
boats, the
CHAPTER
HOW
I
TO
the
that
is
rigging
deck
of
with
The
large
FITTINGS,
chapter
required
and
on
be
how
deck
to
following
each
ETC.
RUDDER,
show
the
The
sails.
will
to
on
ship, with
the
further
and
DECK
this
in
PURPOSE
fit all
MAKE
III.
is
in
object
make
to
and
secure
a
and
diagram
its proper
given enlarged drawings
work
of the
place,
of
each,
description :
"
first
eye
carefully
through
object,a,
for
the
deck
i
a
bowsprit
screwed
the
is
into
;
the
b is the
l-in.
to
or
2-in.
go
through
thick
wood
chock
for
the
screw-eye,
; this
must
the
at
heel
D
or
with
be
stem
inner
end
the
of
and
Yachts
Model
50
work
to
mainmast
; e
; d
on
is the
just large enough
to travel
for
(screw-eyes)
eye-bolts
Here
a
is
a
the
hole
of masts,
or
opening
hand
on
horse
spars,
the
in
the
hh
are
and
be firm and
deck,
is the
easily; f
; ^^and
and
for
step for the
bowspritguys,
to ; these must
be hooked
diagram
the
admit
horse for the mainsheet
backstaysto
or
Sailing.
is the
c
is the
hatchway
to
Yacht
fit in ;
bowsprit to
foresheet
Model
i-in.
main-
strong.
riggingonly.
mainmast.
b topmast,
cgaff.
d mainboom.
e
starboard
/larboard
or
or
rightbackstay,
backstay.
left
bowsprit.
bowspritguy.
i larboard bowsprit guy.
j bobstay.
k India-rubber
ring to keep
g
h starboard
boom
down.
Insertingthe
explanation:
screw-eye
it must
be
for the
bowsprit,a, requiresno
just largeenough
in the
eye for
the
bowspritto
chock
oak
b
thick ;
hole \ in.
a
heel of the
or
(p.49)
mahogany
or
through;
go
size with
to the necessary
The
Fittings,Rudder,
Deck
to Make
How
be
must
about
end
a
and
may
(as shown
stern
be
placedany
is not too
The
distance
other
or
ijin. in length;thus
then
take about
the ends
so
as
and
a
in
perfectly
so
the
The
stem
chock
it
long as
(diagram,p. 49).
:
Cut
"C?^"
hole
larger
two
brass, \
in.
ma^e
'
in the centre;
5 in. of thick brass wire, and
to be 4 in.
deck
be
sheet
"
taste,
heightthat
follows
as
"
a
the stem,
is made
to
the
into
also with
shaped piecesof
small hole at each corner,
in it ; thus
placeit shall
from
in.
i
of the end
diagram,p. 50).
for foresheet
thick,and about
a
in the
about
be of such
line,and
pieceof
a
taperedoff
close to the horse for foresheet
horse
diamond
made
be
may
in its
the mid-deck
line with
be
It should
bowspritis
the
when
long, and
stronglyright through
exactlyamidships.
of
out
of the diameter
'
screwed
1
largeenough,fileit
made
in.
3
deep,and
other
5
the rat-tail file.
bowspritshould
i^BKfe^ ^e
and
if not
"c.
bend
it at
apart,put the ends throughthe
D
2
Model
52
Yachts
thus
plates;
and
Model
Yacht
^fL
"
deck
and
mainmast,
line ; fit in
the
the
the small
holes should
but
i
sheet
horse
a
a,
be
must
The
due
step
made
short
Get
a
and
about
end
; thus
a
the
screw
be very
to
plates
neat, all
same
way,
stronger, for the mainput
as
near
the
edge
of
regard for strengthwill permit.
piece of
7^
and
the
mid-deck
exactlythe
somewhat
socket
or
the
of
be countersunk.
(diagram,p. 49,./),and
as
or
; bore
forward
so
from
if it is desired
:
and
in. wider
the stern
Bore
deck
or
distance
ends,
two
plates underneath
the
apart, 2 in.
equal
firmly to
Another
to
in.
4
at
so^er
la
get soldered,the wire
in the
anc^
"^""
^Hfa
holes
Sailing.
in.
for
brass
long ;
have
the
mainmast
tube
f in. internal
a
screw
next.
comes
soldered
diameter,
into
one
"
hole
exactly the
in
same
the
deck
diameter
exactly amidships,
as
the
outside
of
and
the
of
pipe
socket
or
deck
of the
to the bottom
leave
to
as
make
To
out
cut
an
just abaft
not
the
cork, wood,
is
and
water-tight,
bore
a
much
not
hole
short
to
ship
towards
the
peg,
you
water
out
can
line drawn
that
side,so
it,and
this
see
if necessary.
the deck.
(diagram
be made
maker
above
call
hole
if she
high,
too
in
of the
H,
p.
pleases,it
a
matters
deck,
out.
diagram,
p.
49),
to
make
the
a
by inclining
it the
pump;
after
and
sailing,
has
39) ;
the level of the
or
deck,
for this with
through the deck, close
quarter (see i in
the
a
tightly
(e in diagram,p. 49),
must
be taken
can
small
fit
it
screw
in the centre
beam
starboard
peg
hole
anything the
provided it is
Now
the
stopper
or
or
the
side to
J in. above
oblong hole
or
lengthof
top of the socket off if
than
behind
or
from
hatchway or
oval
53
put in it will be perfectly
upright
more
cover
water-tight
not
also
all sides ; file the
from
so
when
mainmast
"c.
to
ship,perpendicular
stern, and
to
stem
the
the stem, /. e. \ the
in. from
13
Fittings,Rudder,
put the brass tube in the hole,and
;
from
Deck
to Make
How
leaked, and
drawing
let the
Model
54
The
Yachts
screw-eyes
by referringto
hook
to
are
consistent
both
h
f, h,
and
e,
the
their
boom
far
too
aft
; the
foresheet
screw
g g
c
them
2, in
out
These
as
is
be
in
a
the
the
when
before the
running
care
of the
main-
rightangle with
a
ship will
line with
edge
if
interfere with
faster the
and
that
is
reason
is to
(diagram, p. 49) ;
through
they
50 ;
shown.
there
The
they would
may
diagram,p.
properlysupporting the mainmast,
aftwards.
keel,the steadier
the wind,
h, p. 49, explainthemselves
the mainboom
nearer
Sailing.
close abaft the mainmast
as
swinging far enough
wind
Yacht
rigging as
be
must
and
laterally
placed
the
with
Model
g g and
on
h h,
eye-bolts,
and
the
run
horse
must
be
before
for the
taken
deck, and
to
into the
gunwale firmly.
To
box
cast
similar
deep,and \
the
to
rudder, make
that
in. wide.
for
the
a
small
wooden
keel,about
6 in.
mould
long,3
or
in.
Model
56
At
and
this
paint
dictates
hull,
;
it
eventualities
is
Yachts
varnish
stage,
hull
the
I,
less
Model
and
deck
whatever
however,
advise
trouble
often
the
Yacht
and
recurring
Sailing.
with
colour
one
easier
with
or
colour
to
model
varnish,
copal
colours
fancy
for
only
repaint
yachts.
or
the
repair,
IV.
CHAPTER
HOW
TO
FIT
AND
STANDING
MASTS,
GEAR,
"c.
RUNNING
CHAPTER
HOW
TO
THE
MASTS,
STANDING
material
for
FIT
best
these
bamboo-canes,
of
procured
lighter, and
and
f
(diagram,
for
the
in
the
If
eyes
on
and
topmast
above
the
on
for
also
the
fitted
be
must
step, the
the
at
38
other
any
38
in.
foot,
to
with
length,
in.
of
depth
the
builder
the
socket
the
foresail, jib,
at
main
but
step
must
socket
to
the
head
solder
main
backstays
and
"
must
peak
top;
included
to
to
get
or
he
; thus
be
step
socket
or
added
be
or
has
mast
deck,
or
ferrule
must
wood.
the
the
mast-head,
and
of
fit
the
as
stronger,
from
long
be
can
are
kind
brass
a
cannot
the
the
and
is
spars
trimming,
(like a fishing-rod), and
yacht
for
than
be
and
length,
52), slightly tapering
p.
head
the
and
ETC.
GEAR,
masts
little
require
must
diameter
in.
making
elastic
more
RUNNING
AND
thickness
any
mainmast
The
IV.
fit in
it.
soldered
lash
them
halyards,
60
Model
and
Yachts
Model
Yacht
socket
a
b
ring
Sailing.
for topmast.
for
peak halyards.
throat
halyards.
jib halyards.
foresail halyards.
starboard
larboard
g
d
Rings
and
e
be
must
side,e and
each
and
g
f
and
b ; this is all necessary
The
and
allow
a
one
on
be
bowspritmust
trifle thicker
the
(p.51) ;
extra
it must
than
any
fishingshop, of
will
do,
so
that
the
c
about
inch
an
34^ in. long outside
the
mainmast
; be
rings(theserings can
be
the
sizes
"
used
stem
"
O
pass
O
O
stem
careful
the
lines
below
the
to
all
aft,
c
for the mainmast.
length from
have
forward, b and
lashed
f
backstay,
backstay.
"
anX
to
chock
got
at
size
easilythrough)
to Fit
How
for
the
the
jib and
and
guys
rings on
each
collisions
side,close
hook
for
,,,,.,
hooks,
jib tack.
c
and
clear of the
and
with
a
end, for
the
hooks
band
for
thus, to
"
to be
guys.
top.
on
to
try them
be
cannot
for
fitted,
and
foresail,
as
the
the
lashed
jib must
foresail clear
before
lashingon
hooks.
hooks
are
made
of
ij in. long, flattened where
turned
low
and
)
mainmast, it is best
These
hook
61
on,
d, for the tacks
made
are
~)
\ both
.
.
for foresail., tack.
hook
the
to
ring for bobstay underneath.
always swing
these
by
end
b
till the sails
of the
tip the
a
a
on
it
to
lashed
a
c
The
bobstay
foresail ;
prevent damage
Masts, "c.
up
with
the
Next,
as
with
to
be
wire
lashed,and
that
about
the
end
"j) ; the
pliers;thus"
i in. high is plenty,so
down
brass
stout
the
sails may
be
as
possible.
the
pliersmake
a
dozen
hooks
or
so, this
Model
62
shape and
Yachts
size
Model
of
CU*^^
"
wire, this
still stouter
Q"^
and
*\; the
Yacht
strong wire
,
and
shape
former
Sailing.
; and
size, say
in.
i
for the various
are
of
two
"
standing
^^^^WBBB^^^
gear, and
running
and
sheet
and
wood
or
and
hook
has to be
bone
slides to
lengthenedor
and
shortened.
make
shows
the
all instances
line to the
; say
in
eye
hook
the slide,and
By
which
must
too
this means,
fitted that
make
two
holes
be
hooked
as
through
it fast there
long or
you
too
by
can
soon
be
one
that
meshes
fittingthe
a
of the
on
the
board
lar-
fast
to
slide,then
the
other
screw-
hole in
knot, only see
see, any
use
the mainmast
short for convenient
will
requiresit,and
rope
and
application
are
you
"
diagram, p. 50), make
(f,diagram, p. 50), back
line is not
Q
bone
of
so
the best slides.
ring (gtdiagram,p. 60) at
head, pass the line through
through a
or
o
Ladies'
thickness
mainbackstay (f
your
dozen
a
("^
"
the foresail
slide at least is requiredfor every
one
in
also
pattern
followingdiagram
of these
latter for
two
Make
mainsheet.
of suitable width
The
the
working.
rope
lengthened
the
or
can
be
short-
Model
64
at b above
shown
as
a, and
15 in. from
the mainsheet
well
put
end
of the
hooked
/j
; then
another
and
the
on,
Yacht
lash
so
the
to
; this
stern
(as shown
long,and
when
the
boom
Screw
a
have
when
the
pieceof
well
to
the
in. from
when
be
outer
the hook
is
e
(viz.mainsheet)
of
one
should
therebyget
as
sheet
follows
the
large
:
the
is
and
have
not
foul of the
running
to
be
stern, "c.,
reaching,
or
the
called
"
running
"
(a strong one)
into
hatchway, lash
mainboom
hook,
in
over
another
mainboom
a
12
mainsheet
exactlyover
the
a
the
amidships, fasten
line to the screw-eye,
through
be
e, is
screw-eye
of the
underside
important ; they must
hook,
deck, just abaft
the
for
to work
swings
fitted
side of
62).
too
be
c, say
ringsare
two
for this sheet
p.
made
it is best to
at
the under
on
horse
that the
In order
sheet,"to
as
ring on
These
most
are
Sailing.
one
d, both
at
latter,
d, about
boom,
on
the
hooks
it
Model
boom, this last crossways.
the
at
and
Yachts
put
fasten
on
a
off to
middle
ring
to
the
screw-eye
a
strong
slide,then
the
of
pass
slide, and
How
hook
into
sheet
be
far
as
the
the
it
strain
happens
By
to
can
the
on
when
for the
go
the
is
out
to
the
as
the
only, it
be
easily unhooked
when
Still, this
unrigging.
but
absolutelynecessary,
To
the mainboom
attach
freely,get
move
end
thus
f in.
a
to
to
go
at
over
mast.
close
in
a
With
the
together,and
line thus
"
so
sheet
the
end
the
ship
mainboom
the
is
sheet
the mast, and
brass
not
allow
it to
in.
wide,
f
(closeto
mast
; bore
pincers nip
that
in
sheet
the
to
a
hole
the
two
two
holes
at
the
each
it round
bend
,
the
kept
great convenience.
C:lfr;:.ji:/
'.^li.^^ijfeL^-jand
:,,:,:::,.,,;,
"
it
after
the
without
running
round
each
the
be
can
from
very
strip of
a
just long enough
deck),and
is
when
is fast
sheet
runnkig
side
wind.
mainboom
and
fouling,
can
is out
whichever
required angle
any
let this
backstays,it will just take
running sheet,
unhooked,
and
;
the mainboom
backstays,.on
this
of
65
mainboom
be, in running before the
means
let
Masts, "c.
long, that
so
off
mainsheet
or
ring
just
as
to Fit
ends
are
66
Model
put the
Now
turned
wire
and
screw-eye
these
between
No
Yachts
arrangement
Yacht
the
at
end
holes,fasten
two
round
Model
at each
be
can
end
Sailing.
the
of
with
it there
; thus
a
bit of
"
stronger than
perfector
more
mainboom
this.
The
above
inner
or
ring must
The
than
end
operation has
of
the
the mainboom
be
repeatedfor thtjaws
gaff (c in diagram, p. 50), but
fit the head
gaff must
to
be
of the mast
2ii
; thus
in.
"
instead
long,and
the
of the foot.
a
little thinner
How
Lash
largering at
one
d\ all these
inch
an
the
which
fit
must
head, it
a
is
The
the top
on
long
outside
lower
end
of
the mainmast
at
the socket
in. from
; lash
the
(calledthe truck),and
here,however,
of
sheets
(seedrawing at
both
use
each
end
end, but
;
(/.e.
head,
the
mast
top-
the
must
of this
that extends
long,that
for the
jib
thickness
of the
gaff;
Lash
ringson
for
judgment.
each
the
the spar
in.
20
about
your
(p.63) ;
at the
be
sail)must
25^ in. long,and
hook
the socket
for the foresail
boom
mainsheet
the sheet of
ready.
the foot of the
the
the
rings at oppositesides,\
knob
at
one
(seefrontispiece).
on
in.
24
c, and
gaff,for
taper bamboo,
a
possible,
as
top side of the gaff,
of the
into
tightly
be
must
small
two
is
b and
at
the
on
end
be hooked
topmast
out
be
the outer
from
67
close to the end
as
a,
rings must
topsailto
The
put
Masts, "c.
others,smaller,further
two
d
to Fit
have
chapter)the
slidingsheet
a
same
as
for the
jib sheet, however, requiresno
be made
must
is
or, if greater precision
fast to the
a horse
required,
E
2
may
bowsprit,
be made
Model
68
for
the
made
the horse
is
It is made
inch
an
of four
or
Yacht
sails,and
thin
brass
fastened
the other
the
wire, as
horse
its
as
guys
follows,
the foresheet
less than
so
the
to
in
right length,and
it is the
piecesof wire,
diagram below, and
Sailing.
bowsprit,and
of
that
merely taking care
Model
other
the
be
; it may
and
the
for
as
place across
proper
above
jib
Yachts
that
horse,
in
bent, as
piecessoldered
it ; the
to
(T
guys
be
may
passed through
sides,and
will
be
knots
the
made
and
self-acting,
perfectly
the weather
guy
nearly horizontal
to
loops
keep
never
a
them
get
on
in
out
their
spective
re-
place;it
of
place;
being always tight will always keep
; it makes
the
jib,like
the other
it
sails,
to Fit
How
a
rings,another
above
(allthe
rings
boom,
and
and
a
p. 6
1
This
in
also
diagram, p. 70).
This
d
each
"
these
on
This
them
keep
to
of
secure
(see c and
the best
shows
foresail to the
the
mode
sprit,
bow-
manner
tightand
wind, it raises
sail and
diagram
keeps
also shows
how
the
this means,
after end
the
thus
it taut, which
fixingthe
of
bowsprit ; by
boom, depressesthe fore end, and
the
to
end
outer
; thus
they are
the
use.
the sail fills with
of
the
on
the end
2.\ in. from
crosswise, as
Besides
underneath)
are
sails is the best
diagram
jiband
boom
respectivehooks
; and
fixingthese
flat when
of
be
69
steering sail.
be lashed
must
b, about
their
to
as
the
on
both
must
booms
of
well
good driving as
Masts, "c.
tacks
when
of the
tightensthe
is very
jiband
luff
necessary.
foresail
swing
Model
70
clear of each
to
on,
say
lashingswith
prevent them
maker
; also
that
the
to
bore
not
Sailing.
jib must
it may
off.
neatly lashed
thread, lashing
"
the
weaken
holes
quitego
not
be knocked
and
carefully
rings are
it does
Yacht
Model
strong white
with
it necessary
and
bowsprit,or
all the
best, because
Each
other
of the
the end
When
Yachts
in
copal varnish, it
them,
spars
"
the
by making
varnish
will preserve
is
all
them
the
and
slipping.
must
use
a
little
judgment, and
under-
V.
CHAPTER
HOW
TO
MAKE
THE
SAILS
AND
SET
THEM.
CHAPTER
HOW
THE
TO
and
speed
depend
the
much
more
care
pains
are
directions,
the
of
material
yd.
calico
On
sails
sails
taken
in
THEM.
of
the
yacht,
and
hull,
them.
making
the
out
of
model
a
than
carry
suit
in
following
will
sails
self-acting
It
sails
out
in
the
for
next
a
the
and
always
paper,
and
for
for
it
to
yacht
Steep
a
across
cut
try them
and
2-ft.
a
3-ft.boat.
a
dry
better
unbleached
or
in
the
line
patterns
their
places,
stuff.
page
cutter,
yd.,
per
water,
is
bleached
sufficient
are
clean
it.
cutting
%d.
at
yds.
; 3
either
is
using
the
before
sailing
the
to
excellent
yd. wide,
i
per
before
be
must
SET
AND
the
in
upon
taken
an
best
calico,
the
SAILS
result.
The
lod.
THE
precision
greatest
If
be
MAKE
V.
and
are
as
given
all
are
of
diagrams
cut
on
the
the
cross,
four
care
Model
76
be
must
stretch
edge
not
made
taken
the
when
actual
sizes
The
hems, the
shown
by the
will
the
pucker
to
the
allowance
or
behind
selvedge,and
must
be
must
given being the
measurements
a
dotted lines,to
sewing
them
be
tape
narrow
for
exactlyeven
must
keep the
these
expeditiouslywith
sew
be
not
leach, /. e.
after
of the sails must
above, and
and
them
Sailing.
required.
bottoms
the
Yacht
cuttingout,
In
shown
All
the
;
sails,must
hemmed.
for the
Model
hemming
material
of all the
be
and
Yachts
any
sails
can
rounded,
slightly
be
sails from
be
lock-stitch
without
sewn
done
across,
as
as
stretching.
perfectly
machine
puckering,and
;
it
all
that has
make
I
make
to Make
to be
done
all
it
the
of
.
leach
the
sail,if the vessel
the
and
so
sail
steadily.
how
to cut
losingits
dotted
would
This
the head
straightfrom
off
to
d
at
hoist
of
a
rather
eight or
the
the
helps
the
to
on
outer
to
so
steer
body
in the
up
ship
of
wind,
fall off and
shows
of the mainsail
how
the
to
the
;
sail
therefore
straight,
if cut
cut
allow
diagram
shows
line
be
power
on
before
much
too
comes
marked
diagram below,
this
;
the
the wind
are
in. extra
shake
will
because
allow
in
hurry,
evening.
an
sails
to d
c
corners.
without
hemmed,
slightlyloose
be
as
materially,
the
be
77
off the
in
sails should
sizes
them.
can,
3-ft.boat
to
mainsail, from
may
Set
is to fasten
diagrams distinctly
; allow \
that
Make
a
not
The
freelyoff.
leach of the
the
for
all the
of
and
sails, and
largesuit
leaches
hand
by
selvedgesare
after
pass
the Sails
own
my
full
a
The
the
How
ten
to
b, then
more
than
eyelet holes
mainsail, and
slant
midway
equal
at
fix
from
a
a
to
distances
ring or
grummet
c.
in
these
and
hole
in each
of twine
Yacht
Sailing.
the mainmast
fit looselyround
to
brass
than
better
are
Model
and
Yachts
Model
78
rings
hoops,
wooden
or
;
weigh nothing.
The
lower
outer
for
it ; in
fact, the
for
worse
sail too
do
long ;
not
lace
the
why
see
In
the
head
foot
of
29)
passed
sail
the
of
sails
the
jaws
of
the
the
to
the sail is then
gaff
foot
and
passing it through
the
of
the
gaff,it
laced
on
booms
no
;
a
the
too
so
or
turn
the
ship
looks
tied
or
account
(for
reason
ready.
on,
the
the
mainmast
all the
jaws
in.
2
to
in., but
i
pull
not
be
must
gaff; with
do
be
length of
extra
of
the
:
then
will
setting,i. e. putting
have
best
is
off,it is useful
intervals
gaff at
p.
that
cut
the
none
are
and
mainboom
boom
The
also
The
the
the
sail to
tight.
sails
doubled.
so
strong thread
; leave
better.
all the
of
corners
being
and
needle
to
or
fix the
Now
with
2
be
should
mainsail
(see diagram,p. 76), to strengthen
3 in.
double
the
of
corner
of
mainsail,when
grummets,
the
you
through
then
mainboom,
the
before
put
on
8o
Model
slacks
up
fix
to
Yachts
the
Model
Yacht
after-leach,and
unfix.
or
and
It
simply
is
that
through)
at
of
the
through,
and
sewn
to
on
diagram
hook
large
can
pass
the
stay-hook
topmast
hook
it into
luff any
think
a
ring
distance
sufficient,as
side,
at
a
top point of
the
you
whatever
putting
the
the
jib, pass
down
trouble
no
consists
ring (so
Sailing.
in
b
topmast,
a
topmast stay, c mainsail, "/jib.
The
b
on
have
jib must
double, \
the
at
on
sewn
useless
done
on
pieceof tape
stitched
from
in. each
side
(seep. 76), and
hem
only
in
A
of
account
the
foresail ; hem
the
to
b.
a
The
strain.
the
the
luff
a
to
ring
would
be
must
be
leave
the
same
bottoms, and
a
selvedgesas they are.
them
Lash
to
diagram, pp. 69
on
the
top of
underneath
;
their
respectiveyards
and
70).
the
boom,
try
them
Of
course
and
in
the
their
the
booms
or
sail
-ringsand
places;
now
(see
must
be
sheets
lash
How
to Make
the hooks
on
the
to
exactly where
see
swing just clear
Fit
stem.
hook
and
head
both
there
is
The
no
to
topsailis
in
the
topmast head, and
on
be tried and
the
peak
end
of
twine
with
sails
of the
to
b to head
to
mainsail
fit the
at
(see
mast
with
fast to
into the
a
the
rings
(see frontispiece),
all the sails set.
must
foresail)
must
the
of
be
is to hook
head
jib
the head
line to
will
you
foresail
just clear
mainmast
be
The
booms
close,as
cut
spare.
28
in.
jaws
high, and
of the
before
the
a
out
and
having
gaff;
to
to
the
the
mainsail
depends
made
a
tant
eyeletholes equidis-
mainmast, and
hook
the
this sail
as
topmast loosely,
; fasten
from
shape of
fit thus, make
of the
reaches
gaff(a, p. 66)
cuttingit
The
set.
angle of
or
pattern in paper
from
these
(jiband
room
large ring
must
foresail
exactlyhow
sails
81
the
mind,
;
bowsprit and
sail,and the hook
shows
for these
both
the
at the
(respectively)
which
put them
of
slide,the
of the
them.
Set
bowsprit(seep. 61),and
to
and
frontispiece),
and
the Sails and
was
put in rings
done
before
each of the corners,
F
a,
Model
82
b,
c, to
and
Yachts
hook
into the
Model
use
"
button
a
bottom
loop to
button
rounded
and
make
If my
followed,the
sails will
of those
the
p.
usual
way,
been
exactlythe
ring at
80, and
of the
the
also
a
head
of
keeps
the
complete,
that
may
intelligently
sizes
and
shape
diagram, frontispiece.
the
ring forward,
head
the
in the lateral
have
d, and
all
little alterations
directions
the
of
flat.
now
strong, fine pieceof line,fitted with
A
in
always
now
"
the
this
at
sail,
;
edge
on
e;
being
gear
be
it
on
at
foot
any
be necessary.
the
at
mainsail
sails,and
the
to
sewn
of the sail at
curved
the
on,
twine
short,
too
are
only,to lengthenthem
c
sew
try them
if the hooks
;
pieceof
a
b and
masts,
Sailing.
respectiverings already placed
for them
The
Yacht
end
and
jib head
made
the
or
hook
top
corner
frontispiece).This
and
jib, if required,
also
to
slide and
a
fast
to
to
be
hook,
the topmast
hooked
into
(see the diagram
is to
raise
the foot
steadythe topmast
;
How
this is
that
to Make
simplethough not
a
given,p.
The
the Sails and
be
the mast
or
the
on
be
must
which
and
for
this
by
are
Sail
jib and
used
ropes
tightand
as
backstaysaft,and by
tape
the
that
the
forward, the
foresail
taking the placeof stays
in
purpose
ordinary yachts,
in models.
is
yet done.
not
Another
two-thirds the
sails,of exactly
height of these,must
suit,and
is used
made.
be
the wind
when
practicable
not
cutter.
model
sails,"c.
when
yachtsmen
; I find
winning,you
or
a breath,and
scarcely
a
hurricane, and
have
race
both
F
2
a
in
four
suits of
I don't
is
Still if you
must
three
because
sufficient,
it blows
enough.
have
two
there
yacht when
suits
when
possible
as
strong for the first suit. Reefingis
Some
one
flat
jib and
mast-making
It is called the storm
a
topmast stay as
dispensedwith
means
length,breadth, and
is too
83
kept exactlyuprightby
foresail
suit of masts, spars, and
in
effectual a
so
them.
80.
sails must
set, and
Set
so
I don't sail
I
find
matches, and
largerand
sail a
two
mean
smaller suit,
for
and
day,
and
varnish
and
booms
A
at
be
of
Herewith
ship.
side
is
to
pull
other
Lastly,
shot,
require
to
two
for
her
of
is
it in
the
bags
shifting
deeper
6
required
or
aft
the
on
of
ship
turn
are
of
it
ft.
long,
with
to
handle
the
out,
the
masts
looks
double
a
and
shape.
ship-
the
turn
hook.
and
the
it.
needed,
ballast
or
end
the
hull,
the
paint
yacht,
your
drawing
push
tip
;
deal,
or
end,
one
be
will
wind
complete,
are
again
colour
pine
Sailing.
prepared.
deck
the
Yacht
the
sails
your
the
pole
hook
One
all
what
tell
must
that
Now
Model
and
never
can
you
race
of
Yachts
Model
84
to
forward,
each
trim
to
contain
the
ship,
i
if
Ib.
you
VI.
CHAPTER
HOW
TO
SAIL
AND
STEER
A
MODEL
YACHT.
Model
88
and
windward,
leave
settingthe
sails
yacht steers
itself
overdo
to
not
wind, and
The
in
;
more
less
or
is not
to
deep
so
and
makes
the
as
this
more
is
in
the
stern, the
vessel
of very
great
to
be
use,
wind,
and
lateral
firmly.
in the
tendency
the bow
pressure
helps
the wind
:
aft, and
than
to
make
blows
too
long
her
of all
a
thus
steer
stronglyit is
lengthof
increased
great drawback, it dips in the water, and
fasten
as
the
"
enables
dispensed with
and
very
at
upright
the
plays
are
force
more
always
leeway forward
when
Necessarily,
keel aft
sideways (calledleeway),
particulararrangement
herself.
taken
off the
run
the sails
the 'vessel is
there
up
as
little
exert
when
come
the sails forces the
she
will
depth of
this ;
yacht is
then
even
be
must
care
by
model
later,a
the vessel
the increased
at the bow
yet
shown
way
that
so
herself at all.
model
evenly balanced,
water
the
perfectly. Great
part which
than
only just enough,
in
steer
steeringa
Sailing.
Yacht
Model
it,otherwise
not
stern
and
Yachts
sprit
bow-
bowrspritis
a
is difficult to
to Sail and
How
Again,
and
model
a
vessel
the wind
the
on
it
wind),
permits her
more
water
too
much,
to
as
lightenedand
under
the
of
partlyby
the
close to the
her
little closer
than
to
the
the
sails
action
(i.e.
in
if she
of
course,
she
as
the vessel
model
a
holds
comes
up
great part
a
bow
is
a
possesses
yacht,partlyby
the
in
So
a
mainsail),and
outer
shakes, and
;
therefore,to make
foresail
and
parallelline
if the
the
bow, will always keep
lee
fact,too close
more
mainsail.
and
this, of
the
(particularly
of
wind, first the
its power
aft ;
(when
herself.
herself,the jib
steer
self-steering,
forward
mainsail
stem,
depressedexactlyin proportion,
steer
to
"
the
down
aft,but
all circumstances
wind,
of
89
oppositeaction results,the
just shown,
as
action
less
by
up
windward,
relieve the
the stern
self-acting
power
Now,
her
to
and
well
Yacht.
power
lightensher
the
of its pressure,
that
presses
forward
so
being
gripe more
to
Model
a
another
deep aft,possesses
viz. when
so
Steer
vessel
does
a
keel)
too
close
mainsail
loses
comes
not
in
the
with
leach of the
if this
kept
are
as
suffice,
it
90
Model
should,
to
Yachts
make
will
shake, and
the
ship
and
fall off
her
the
as
Model
for instance, the
direction
This
if
as
sail
full and
run
off
or
/. e.
shake,
close
the
foresail
jib
less
if the
vessel
would
still full,would
"full
and
So
in the
on
an
the
on
same
turned
shake, and
turn
by."
the
On
To
the
booms
make
a
the
is
nearly parallelto
and
the
the
ship back
the
to
other
least
wind, the
foresail
her
the
it is evident
the
towards
jib and
neither
mainsail
for
principle,
more
and
wind,
by
yacht
to
so,
the
clearlyshows
all,and
viz.
sail
respective sheets.
by,
bowsprit,the
mainsail
steady wind,
a
would
again.
rails,till the sails dropped in pieces.
on
their
of
that
fills
mainsail
keep full,
must
of
diagram gives the disposition
means
of
in
yacht
whole
foresail
mainsail
equilibriumis attained,and
sea
Sailing.
again,the
jib and
off till the
pays
Yacht
course
hand,
she
keeping
again,
cannot
to Sail and
How
off the
run
wind, because
if she
be,
must
Steer
Model
a
the
91
mainsail,well
off, would
ran
Yacht.
bring
full
her
it
as
again
up
instantly.
I presume
a
vessel cannot
sails
vessels
sail with
shake, and
must
to the wind.
the way
how
rudders
The
the
and
ballast
wind
is
vessel
bags
the
at
as
used
to
be
point the
be
sail
to
in
shown
possibledirection,and
the
rudder
or
accomplishit.
blowing
wind
few
angle of 45"
an
disposed,and
by holding
made
be
can
in way
supposed to
and
flies,
towards
near,
and
stern),
a-
go
that
(allthe
the wind
to
diagram (p.92),will
be
must
head
would
so
In the next
booms
arrow
arrow
if
sail the vessel
to
the
her
she
sail nearer,
can
understands
intelligent
person
every
this
is
the direction
in
diagram
with
blowing from,
every
direction
the
your
there
indicated.
No
by
vessel
the arrow,
the
about
other
on
can
than
the
head
a
nearer
and
aa,
starboard
45",four pointsof
a
towards
one
tack
compass,
the wind
the
being on
(as
or
shown
larboard,
it is
/. e.
called),
half
rightangle.
a
Model
The
wind
that
the
head
vessel
on
the
purpose,
other
Yachts
at
a
and
as
therefore
is
larboard
alreadyshown
; the
Yacht
turn
Sailing.
sailing close
tack,with the
tack, simply
to wind
Model
sails
(p.90) ;
her
in
the
the
to
disposed
to
put
her
direction
will go
sails,being self-acting,
for
on
aa,
over
to Sail and
How
themselves
of
continue
mainboom
those
round, head
To
wind
sail
is not
mainsheet
she
called wind
will
sails take
the
the mainsheet
be
her round
as
her
as
are
set, and
tack,
at
she
direction
To
run
go, hook
cc.
used, and
and
made
before, head
The
rule
propel her
the other
before
on
the
to
is
in
will, if turned,
on
so
; it
her
turn
place
same
altogether
; if the
so, but
of about
strong, a lightrudder, self-acting,
must
do
bb,
at
as
strong, she will do
too
till the
that is done.
side,and
at c, let go
as
the
will
jibor foresheets,leave
sail her
To
a.
the
she
turned.
ship,and
touch
to
93
and
angle of 45" (this is
wind, and
to
the other
on
at
as
Yacht.
wind,
off the
ease
of the
necessary
sails
b,
an
keel
the
to
is seldom
Model
the
of
force
at
as
is at
abeam)
a
that tack tillstopped or
on
sail her
To
the
by
Steer
that
if it is too
" Ib.
will do
wind, if you
simple enough
given direction
a
sail
in
the
it.
wish
:
weight
Turn
sail
to
if the sails
on
the
one
corresponding
tack.
the wind
at
d, with
heavy rudder, and
the
she
mainsheet
will
run
let
more
Model
94
before
less true
or
with
Yachts
which
the
the
ship
is this
The
cause
the
wind
Model
is built and
turn
to
foresail,will
the
of
and
haul
that you
than
by
Before
the
would
the
ship
instantly
place
she
sail
so
then
This
her
in
let the
in
be
imist
will
as
is
sure
to
one
bows,
change
jib
much
sometimes
largejiband
put
the
as
by
two
or
and
the
sheet
steeringmore
manoeuvres
little
; if so,
it ; if not,
foresheet
all these
some
inside
remedy
jib.
the
opposite takes
of the
account
i. e.
foresails,
jib and
exact
light,it
very
on
shot
of
will
likelythat
the
is
off the wind
run
bags
larboard,the
also, and
larboard, and
the vessel
that
occur,
starboard,
to
to
over
balanced.
wind.
wind
the
her
perfection
rudder
turns, say
larboard
to
over
straightbeforethe
When
the
the
(being exactlyuprightwhen
puts her straightagain ; the
she
Sailing.
wind, accordingto
necessarily
presses
upright)falls
should
Yacht
if the vessel
:
rudder
self-acting
is
and
most
angles of
out
more,
jib was,
the
so
foresail
succeed.
can
be
successfullyperformed,
practice is necessary,
of
course
;
Model
96
and
hooks
by
Yachts
in
minutes
is
a
readers
sail
may
with
to
are
I
as
fails
made
enabled
to
all
build
is
till
easily.
This
to
and
out.
worn
and
and
that
rig
themselves
to
make,
strong
as
clear,
ships,
satisfaction
three
knots
no
rigging
never
now
much
yachts
schooners,
purpose
be
are
in
again
times
rigged
un-
my
them
to
mine
as
me.
Model
those
have
these
there
the
and
completely
rigged
in
;
yet
possible,
as
hope
I
lost, and
is
perfect
as
advantage
be
can
and
it
Sailing.
Yacht
cutter
a
done
have
I
Model
minute,
great
very
time
no
slides,
one
:
and
be
can
luggers,
ways.
Should
writing
a
rigged
"c.,
this
second,
and
to
I
treatise
dealing
sail
have
meet
with
and
steer
vessels
with
this
well,
rigged
success,
subject.
as
in
I
MATERIALS
of
BLOCK
FOR
wood
:
wood-yard,
any
6d.t for
sell
who
gardening
will
for
for
serve
gaffs, and
booms,
for
can
sell
They
the
mast,
be
at
got
can
be
and
length.
and
topmasts
the
and
selected
can
also
of
bamboo
be
and
toy
the
obtained
shops
%d.
required
for
canes
at
and
3-ft. boats
about
at
they
Bamboos
of
mainboom
for
boat,
2-ft.
a
florists,
and
3-ft. boats.
of
fishing-rods
Excellent
boat,
dozen
per
selected,
of
spars
fishing-tackle shops
easily
the
2-ft.
at
"/.
be
can
topmasts
bowsprit,
bamboo
cheap
best
all
masts,
in
a
canes,
about
for
the
;
for
bamboo
of
"c.,
purposes
those
at
cost
;
almost
at
;
105-.
bamboos
cheap
deal
soft
or
docks
ft., about
booms,
Masts,
SHIPS.
particularly
the
of
3-
a
pine
and
neighbourhood
2s.
white
MODEL
;
both
each.
thickness
booms,
umbrella
G
gaffs,
shops
and
and
and
Yachts
Model
98
Model
shops, but they
stick
Yacht
cost
more
Sailing.
id.,zd.t
"
or
6d. each.
even
line, "c., for
Twine, white
had
be
rigging,can
standing
and
cord
or
fishing-tackle
at
running
and
twine
shops.
Calico
Lead
and
is
and
Ib.
Brass
copal
Copal
enough
for
and
a
at
oilman's.
any
varnish
about
is.
wire at
any
size.
readilyobtained,
Messrs.
all these
All
id
or
sold
sizes of
or
%d.
pint; ^d. worth
ironmongers, as
If the
in
former
two
and
Jackson
thickness
every
are
6d
Paint
per
most
Street, Finsbury, keep every
wire, and
Ib.
3-ft.boat
copper
of
screw-eyes
linendrapers.
at any
plumber'sshop, 20*. or ^d. per
at any
Paint
per
tape
size in
brass
cannot
Sons,
brass
and
and
copper
17,
also
be
Sun
copper
sheets ;
by weight.
ringscan
be
had
at
fishing-tackle
shops.
2.d. per dozen.
Ferrules
or
prevent them
bands
for
tipping the
can
splitting,
be
got
ends
at
of spars
to
fishing-tackle
Mater
shops,and
the
sizes,id
length.
or
white
will
It
neat
and
of
answer
For
small
length
bands, pipe
easily
tobacconists
keep them
in all
get
every
or
make
neatlyand
then
bands, lash
stronglywith
paint it well
purpose,
but
does
with
not
copal.
look
so
trim.
bone, and
and
file off any
can
thin, and
of the spars
thread, and
Lastly,slides
as
99
.
lightand
builder cannot
bind the ends
good
Most
Ships
2ct.each.
If the boat
or
cheap.
very
excellent,very
are
to any
cut
builder
amateur
required
; they are
mounts
ia Is for Model
can
be made
the
requisiteholes
then seared with
a
G
of
any
hard wood
bored
red-hot skewer.
2
with
as
a
well
awl,
brad-
GLOSSARY.
ABAFT,
i
AFT
J
towards
AMIDSHIPS,
middle
BACKSTAY,
of
BOBSTAY,
of
the
the
;
to
any
of
Bow,
the
cross
mast
the
also
sailed
that
keeps
from
sprit
bow-
the
to
the
set
BULWARKS,
the
projecting
the
deck
CHOCK,
of
a
GUY,
round
hold
to
a
of
being
vessel
the
wind
anything
direction
the
near
as
she
as
can
without
go
shaking.
the
COUNTER,
the
DECK,
the
DRAW,
is
so
draws
feet
many
bottom
cutwater,
OFF,
direction
a
so
when
of
the
of
the
a
the
to
wind
yet
head
the
of rope.
made
of
work
the
for
eye-bolt
on.
of
top
the
to
supports
side
the
of
the
deck
is fastened.
to
keep
and
HALYARDS,
ropes
HATCHWAY,
openings
the
top
HOIST,
height
HOLD,
the
ship
a
the
secure
on
sprit,
bow-
vessel
wind.
i.e.
it
the
turns
boom
of
off
to
the
JlB,
the
KEEL,
the
the
tied
in
which
on
to
to
of
the
certain
a
secure
and
side,
sail
centre
the
a
gaff
it
allow
edge
of
a
to
"c.
in front
bottom
of
of
a
a
ship.
ship.
way.
left.
LARBOARD,
LEACH,
iron
mast,
a
three-cornered
LACED,
water.
from
a
up.
work.
side
from
ship.
a
ship.
a
to
swing
part
pulled
arrangement
any
or
of
ship.
a
of
sails
of
sails.
the
deck
sail.
is
of
bars
of
the
or
sail
a
hoist
to
in
mast
a
long
body
HULL,
used
inside
sheets
keep
water.
cleave
of
HEAD,
bow.
to
water,
vessel, tapered
as
by
sail.
sort
a
rope
JAWS,
in
distended
CLOSE.
aft
ring
to
HORSE,
stern.
ship
much
so
forward
the
of
part
of
the
"c.
out,
ship
ENTRANCE,
FALL
sharp
covering
water
a
of
projection
the
CUTWATER,
ship.
a
"c., laterally.
wood
firmly.
CLOSE,
and
a
ship.
a
of
are
which
spar
fore
a
which
railings
not
ship.
a
sails
shaking.
the
GUNWALE,
on.
wooden
of
piece
jibs
front
in
of
See
rudder
vessel.
of
forepart
part
close
GRUMMET,
foot
the
in
BY,
AND
GAFF,
does
which
wind.
not
of
end
extend
to
a
sail.
or
sail
any
the
GUDGEON,
of
spar
vessel
when
of
used
part
BOWSPRIT,
fore
FULL
sail.
a
front
sail
FORWARD,
cutwater.
spar
mast
a
mast.
FORESAIL,
FULL,
port
sup-
tack.
one
on
reaches
rope
of
AFT,
the
the
distance
down
BOOM,
AND
anything.
or
support
vessel,
a
bottom
deck.
the
bowsprit
ship
a
backwards.
breadth
BOARD,
of
and
FOOT,
FORE
stern-
which
ropes
sideways
BEAM,
the
sail, generally
the
side.
Glossary.
of
side
LEE,
vessel
a
which
from
LEE-WAY,
wind
the
caused
side
the
by
that
|
ship
a
of
pressure
j
the
to
closer
go
of
wind.
the
MAIN-HALYARDS,
hoist
to
ropes
the
the
MAINSHEET,
same
OFF.
See
to
gear
after
close.
as
FALL
lower
the
FALL
of
STAY,
mainsail.
the
the
gaff.
of
sides
close
ship
a
to
with
after
vessel,
as
abeam
fonvard
TACK,
to
sails
by
tying
off
tapered
leave
to
sailing
nearly
so.
the
the
to
bottom
the
stern-post,
freely.
water
with
of
the
wind
a
of
a
and
keel
is
lower
corner
upon
run,
fixed.
zigzag
a
"c.
vessel.
of
a
sail.
course
so
to
as
windward.
second
the
deep
"c.,
she
is
side
WEATHER,
the
of
a
the
water
ship,
a
in
the
deck.
the
on
showing
how
water.
vessel,
"c.,
nearest
wind.
in
WINDWARD,
the
of
from
mast
of
line
WATERLINE,
the
astern
masts
tight.
side,
of
part
the
mast,
of
rudder
make
TOPMAST,
the
of
part
end
TACK,
TAUT,
smaller.
up
the
wind
so.
reducing
REEFING,
the
as
ropes,
support
heel
for
the
to
fixed
side.
to
after
the
which
regulate
sails.
of
CUTWATER.
socket
STERN-POST,
hoist
to
stern.
and
secure
only.
See
STEP,
to
"c.
used
ropes
the
in
downwards
any
right
STERN,
of
canvas,
power.
and
corner
GEAR,
get
nearly
so
the
sailing
them
after
STARBOARD,
stern.
REACHING,
RUNNING,
to
fonvard
OFF.
ropes
of
both
QUARTERS,
or
used
CLOSE.
stern.
head
angular
end
the
robes
STEM.
to
PEAK-HALYARDS,
outer
See
stem
See
OFF.
PEAK,
midships
backstays,
secure
corner
their
vessel
a
stem
STANDING
OFF.
from
OVERALL,
or
or
rope
cutter.
a
mainsail.
NEAR,
RUN,
in
mast
the
regulate
the
PAY
lower
the
of
from
lower
MAINMAST,
lose
so
slope
SHEET,
mainsail.
and
and
SHEER,
nearest
linen,
shake
sails
the
when
wind
sail
a
of
"c.
wind.
the
to
sail), edge
a
yards.
or
edge
even
for
used
ropes
any
sails
the
the
SELVEDGE,
SHAKE,
(of
LUFF
GEAR,
hoisting
of
wind.
LUFF,
RUNNING
blows.
motion
side-way
the
from
farthest
101
side
from
of
direction
which
the
wind
the
wind,
blows.
laced
tack.
yd
2
free and
Golden
Trial.
Sails
"
boards, i" miles
sails.
mile
of
i
from
mile
last
booms,
sea
dead
her
"
Crest"
best
Storm
mile
to
beat
booms
in
miles
Golden
"
;
"
on
led
a
few
boards.
2
breeze
beat,
breeze
20
and
sea,
each
;
each.
yds. on
and
on
sea
changed
inter-
tack
of
beat,
Golden
"
;
Golden
Along
"
"
own
all laced
beat, J mile
to
;
2
ward,
wind-
Crest/' all sails free
sails
own
Storm
Crest
"
Along
and
40
sea,
yds.
headreached
points.
"
sea,
and
alike.
"
Storm
windward.
breeze
Along
"Golden
i
"
vessels
both
mile
and
and
"
of
Gentle
Storm
showing
each.
i. e.
Trial.
"
board.
ij
Along
beat, \ mile
breeze
booms,
board
Along" beat, \
own.
"
Crest
"
Along
Moderate
free
i
6tk
to
yds.
20
above, moderate
as
"
Along
sea;
Trial, moderate
Golden
"
and
Storm
"
beat,
in 2nd
as
Storm
length each.
sails all
from
"
Crest
Storm
"
5//zTrial.
boards
"
windward.
laced.
jib
each.
Sails
t\th Trial.
i
tack.
all sails laced
Along,"
;
once
each
on
yds. to
50
Storm
"
Crest," mainsail
yards
^ miles
sails,foot of sails
storm
sea,
Large suits, light breeze
Trial.
2nd
each
i
;
tack, about
each
on
Strong breeze, rough
booms
to
AND
ALONG."
"STORM
Trial.
BETWEEN
CREST"
"GOLDEN
CUTTERS
ist
SEA
OPEN
THE
ON
CONTESTS
full suits
to
a
and
windward
each
in
little,this wind
their
" mile
and
BEST
THE
WATERS
Victoria
Round
being
Park
Pond,
clear
of
Hampstead
muddy
for
ponds
best
edges,
SAILING
FOR
model
sailing
but
only
Kensington,
in
Pond,
trees.
the
winds,
(3) Serpentine,
and
Highgate
and
seldom
in
ponds
a
true
in
yachts
when
any
YACHTS.
MODEL
are
wind
wind
is
all
sides
any
are
E.
or
W.
:
(i)
(2)
of
this
available,
but
have
the
high
pond
wind.
also
on
London
account
of
banks.
There
Peckham
are
also
good
ponds
on
Clapham
Common
Rye.
GILBERT
AND
RIVINGTON,
PRINTERS,
ST.
JOHN'S
SQUARE,
LONDON.
and
A
CATALOGUE
OF
NEW
AND
STANDARD
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AND
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VIII.
the
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Abbot
Dr.
Lee
of
THE
Among
Grace
had
; the
Sketches
other
the
of
to
TERMS,
Science
Physiology
reference
Life
of Cromwell
St.
Thomas-a-Becket
of
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One
the
to
; Earl
;
"c.
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murder
Lecturer
OF
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at
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By P. L. SIMMONDS,
Volume, with numerous
for
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THE
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SEA;
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Students,
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ANATOMICAL,
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15, 16.
GOOD
A
; Or
Text, Round, and Small.
10.
Text, Round, Small, and Figures.
12.
Round, Small, and Figures.
8, 9,
COPY
TWENTY-FOUR
No.
i.
WRITING.
HAND-
Series of SIXTEEN
have
the first ten of which
on
DARNELL,
by GEORGE
every alternate
Ink, to be first written over
carefullywritten copies in Pencil-coloured
Head-lines
for imitation
having Black
only, THE
remaining numbers
A
carefully
imitated,the remaining
It is the
SHORT
A
on
and then
copies in pencilcoloured ink, to be first written over
having two copieson each page in black ink for imitation only.
written
a
and
Small.
Hand.
HANDWRITING.
BOOKS,
on
Small
on
similar
a
superior
paper,
marble
plan.
covers,
A
Oblong Foolscap.
.
each.
No.
Round, Small, and Figures.
9.
Round
and Small.
10, II.
Round, Small, and Figures.
12, 13, 15.
Round
14.
16 to 20.
21.
22
to
and
Small
Small.
Hand.
Hands.
Ornamental
Ladies' Angular Writing.
24.
WORKS
EDUCATIONAL
DARNELL'S
COPY
UNIVERSAL
Books,
the
on
Plan.
same
BOOKS."
COPY
A
BOOKS.
of Sixteen
Series
Copy
Fcap. 410. 2d. each.
,
No.
No.
7. Text, Round, and Small.
8, 9, 10.
Text, Round, Small, and Figures.
Round, Small, and Figures.
n, 12.
Elementary.
1.
Single and Double Letters.
Large Text (Short Words).
3. 4.
5. Text, Large Text, and Figures.
6. Text, Round, Capitals,and Figures.
2.
teaching writingI would
"For
WHEREVER
As
Clerk
will
HAVE
THKV
Diocesan
Worcester
"
Continued.
Board
the
recommend
USED."
Education.
BEEN
of
of Darnell's
use
Report
"
13, 14.
15, 1 6.
of
Mr.
Round
and
Small
Hand.
Copy Books.
I
Small.
HAVE
NOTICED
A
MARKED
MENT
IMPROVE-
(National Society'sOrganiser of Schools) to
Maye
I do not think it is needed.
of some
Let
to the necessity
one
proposinga new way to teach %vriting,
and
inspectone of Mr. Darnell's Copy Books (I believe they are most generallyin use in our schools),
say
that, with
HAND-WRITING."
of
the
of
a
London
I think
he
the
amount
RESULT
care
on
MUST
teacher, THE
part
BE
A
CLEAR
LEGIBLE,
Essex
Schoolmaster; National
Monthly Paper.
Society's
"
This gentleman has conferred
:
a great benefit,not
only on the risinggeneration,but on those who
the risinggeneration. He has composed a series of Elementary Treatises, in which
the comprehension
a
An
"
The
Times
will hereafter
moderate
the
says
form
of the dullest
science taught is so much
facilitated that children
or
capacitiesare made
capable of
comprehending what is requiredof them, whilst teachers are relieved from the difficultiesof impartingknowledge in the
too often
practised."
desultoryand incomprehensiblemanner
of the art
HISTORY.
that refer to this
Authors
with
"
"
"
a
Collection
A
BRITANNIA;
Map
and
Island,with
29 Woodcuts.
Crown
Principal
Passagesin
Notes.
Vocabulary
8vo.,cloth,3^. 6d.
and
Chronicle.
School Board
useful book."
School
Guardian.
The
task is admirably done."
Latin
attractive
reading book, and as useful
A most
A
of the
By T. S. CAYZER.
Latin
Illustrated
"
very
"
STORIES
TRUE
as
FROM
it is attractive."
ANCIENT
arranged from the Creation of the World
nologically
Edition.
FIELDS;
in the Historyof
Naval
MRS.
LAND.
of the
England
Engagements
Sheet, 3*. 6d.
;
HISTORY,
the
to
Death
of
Chro-
Charlemagne.
Twelfth
5*. cloth.
I2mo.,
BATTLE
Edinburgh Daily Review.
"
or
on
a
as
graphic Guide
Scenes
of such
the
to
Events
; with
and
CONCISE
brought down
Places
Geographer.
HISTORY
to the Present
Time.
By
described
the situation of the
By Mr. WAUTHIER,
fought on the Coast.
a Roller,and
Varnished, 7.?.6d.
TRIMMER'S
Revised
the
OF
Mrs.
MILNER.
principal
On
a
Large
ENGWith
Portraits
Sovereigns. $s. cloth.
RHYMES
OF
Verse
from
Events
in each
the Norman
Reign,
ROYALTY;
the
the
Conquest to
Reign
Fcap. 8vo., 2s. cloth.
History of
of Victoria ; with
a
England
Summary
of the
in
Leading
PUBLISHED
B
GRIFFITH
Y
AND
PARK
AN.
\
3
GEOGRAPHY.
Cheap
PICTORIAL
Re- Issue of
GEOGRAPHY,
for the Instruction
Illustrates at a glance the Various
GeographicalTerms in such a
clear and definite ideas respectingthem.
On a Sheet 30 by 22
Rollers and Varnished, 3^. 6d.
is. 6d. ; Mounted
on
"
A
pretty and
chart
picturesque wall
Forms
....
excellent
an
manner
of Children.
to
as
at
introduction
the
to
Study
of
impart
once
inches, Printed
in
Colours,
Maps."
School Board
"
"
Will be a great
A valuable
and
learningGeography.
attractive help to the teaching of the
Admirably suited for teaching the meaning of common
THE
FIRST
as
"
help to children
One
a
BOOK
Text-Book
of the
for
sensible littlebooks
most
GAULTIER'S
Concise
OF
Beginners. By
on
the
Scholastic
"
Elements
of Geography."
Nature.
School
Geographical Terms."
Guardian.
"
"
GEOGRAPHY;
HUGO
Fourth
REID.
subjectof Geography
FAMILIAR
adapted
specially
Edition,Revised.
have
we
with."
met
"
i8mo., sewed,
Educational
GEOGRAPHY.
With
on
BUTLER'S
and
BiographicalExercises
Young
Persons.
BUTLER.
Edition,Revised
Thirty-sixth
TABULAR
HISTORY
Intended
for
A
OF
HANDBOOK
the
Army
OF
and
GRAMMAR
AND
ENGLISH
Civil
Service
LANGUAGE,
a
MAR.
DARNELL,
Students.
PAUL.
ST.
A. T. WHITE.
3^.
New
and
Being
T.
and
Candidates
COLQUHOUN,
Esq.,
INTELLIGIBLE
Simple Rules, with ample Explanationsof
Parsing; in Language adaptedto the comprehension
for
Revised
and
Edition.
of
"
Cloth,
is.
TO
ENGLISH
Grammar
made
SIMPLIFIED;
and Companion to all Grammars
; consistingof Short
Fourth Edition.
Cloth, is.
to each.
"
of Schools
GEORGE
MADE
the first 32 pages
PARSING
PHILOLOGICAL
By JOHN
INTRODUCTION
G.
Price
of
6d.
Series of Short
and copiousExercises
Every Difficulty,
DARNELL,
Teaching. By
for the Use
Examinations.
GRAMMAR
Being
CHILDREN.
young
use
Son, J. O.
AND
OF
TRAVELS
in Class
engaged
"c.
THE
G.
DARNELL,
of very
THE
GRAMMAR,
Fcap. 8vo.,cloth,2s.
Barrister-at-Law.
TO
for the
Author's
GEOGRAPHY
OF
AND
others
Geographical
sewed.
COMPENDIOUS
for
and
the
a
principal
41-.
THE
PALESTINE,
Pupil Teachers,
Oblong 8vo., is.
date.
or
Maps, designed
Enlarged by
BUTLER.
to
KEY,
Outline
Coloured
OF
VIEWS
SACRED
of
Set
a
; With
late WILLIAM
the
By
AND
MAPS,
OUTLINE
is.
Times.
coloured
the ArtificialSphere, and Two
Maps, illustrativeof the
Sixteenth Edition.
i6mo., cloth,3-r.
GeographicalTerms.
Treatise
"
"
Chronicle.
World.
and
GRAM-
Intelligible."
an
Easy Rules, with
Introduction
Parsing
Lessons
EDUCATIONAL
i4
WORKS
"c."
GRAMMAR,
THE
MRS.
LOVECHILDS,
Continued.
CHILD'S
GRAMMAR.
l8mo., cloth,")d.
50th Edition,
TO
WORD
THE
Hints
WISE
on
; or,
Improprieties of Expression in Writing and Speaking. By PARRY
Thousand.
l8mo., sewed 6d., or cloth, giltedges, is.
A
"
wish
All who
mind
to
their p's and
HAWKINS'S
HARRY
this littlevolume."
Gentleman's
"
Third
Weir.
of Bow
how
Edition.
bells,should
Current
Thirteenth
Magazine.
showing
;
Frontispiece by H.
within,or indeed beyond the sound
family or schoolroom
No
consult
H-BOOK
aspirate his H'ssewed, 6d.
to
"
g's should
the
GWYNNE.
he
learned
Super royal i6mo.,
be without
this merry
"
PRINCE
THE
OF
by J. Gilbert.
trations
G.
DARNELL,
enable
the
Child
to
Cloth, ("d.;
letters.
SHEET
Edition.
read
in 4
or
being
Price, for
DARNELL,
Extracts
from
ALGEBRA,
Being
Series
a
IIlus-
340
"
ROAD
Alphabet
before
has
TO
divided
so
learned
to
as
half
the
printedin
neatlymounted
boards, 3*.
on
GEOMETRY.
MADE
of GRADUALLY
he
is
the above,
Sheets, 6d. ; or,
ARITHMETIC
G.
CHILDREN.
TO
the
Phrases
\\d. each.
covers,
the set of Six
ARITHMETIC,
in which
of Familiar
parts, paper
LESSONS,
CERTAIN
LESSONS
Pages
many
With
manual."
Journal.
6d.
AND
Series of EASY
a
large bold type.
very
PRIMER.
Sewed,
SHORT
Being
READING.
WALES'S
New
Art
INTELLIGIBLE
ADVANCING
EXERCISES,
intended
to
employ the Reason rather than the Memory of the Pupil ; with ample Explanations of every
Students.
in Language adapted to the comprehension of very young
Cloth, is. 6d.
Difficulty,
Part
in
Three
Parts
Part
6d.
I., price
II.,price qd. Part III.,
:
*"* This work may be had
(Part I. does not requirea Key.)
to Parts II. and
III., priceis.
price6d. A KEY
"
T.
CAYZER,
TESTS;
or,
of the
T. S. CAYZER,
With
a
All the
Master
set of
papers,
THE
a
ASSISTANT.
Purposes, but
Queen Elizabeth's
Examination
in
Examples
operationsof Arithmetic
WITH
IN
Head
complete
the examination
KEY
EXAMINER'S
subject,for
are
completeset
and
THOUSAND
ANSWERS
also
Speciallyadapted, by
suited for generaluse
Hospital,Bristol.
of Work.
Cloth,
is.
novel arrangement
in Schools.
By
a
Eleventh
OF
ARITHMETICAL
only, price is. 6d. cloth.
ALL
TESTS.
THE
By
Thousand.
6d.
presentedunder Forty Heads, and on opening at
of examples appears,
graduated.
carefully
4J. 6d. cloth.
THE
Models
SOLUTIONS
ONE
ARITHMETICAL
THOUSAND
ONE
S.
THE
any
one
of
EXAMPLES
THOMAS
S. CAYZER.
Price
1
PUBLISHED
WORKS
6
NEEDLEWORK,
BY
GRIFFITH
AS
"c.,
Work
by the
CUTTING
PLAIN
and
VI.,
as
NEEDLEWORK
TO
SET
Sewed
may
invaluable
"An
"A
be had
littlebook
great aid
FOR
"
and
Plain
NEW
Knitting"
STANDARDS
IV., V.,
Educational
BOARD
Department.
LONDON.
Adapted
FOR
By
the EXAMINER
to
the
OF
Principlesof
REFERRED
separately,
printed
stout
on
mastered
of
paper
and
TO
inclosed
in
in the needle-work
difficult branch
the most
all instructors,whether
great service to
Bazaar.
schoolrooms."
families,or home
"
Scholastic
Full of valuable information."
...
"
Needlework
DIAGRAMS
; has
THE
u.
THE
OF
the Book
Plain
the Government
SCHOOL
THE
Elementary Geometry.
A
"
BY
CODE.
OUT
requiredby
now
of
author
FARRAN.
REQUIRED
EDUCATIONAL
New
AND
an
envelope,u.
department."
in select ladies'
IN
"
seminaries,board
Queen.
schools,large
"
World.
"
By
with
ARDS,
Hints
PLAIN
*"*
works
AND
Board
for
the Sheets
FARRAN
"
publishedCode of the
Educational
have
the
pleasureto
that
announce
of which
Stitches will be added
and
Cord
COOKERY
Pupil of
wants
this little book.""
to
the National
promote
School
Board
a
in classes.
the
School
The
size of
6 Sheets.
I
I
I
will
particulars
for
and
the
Frames,
Cookery,
wholesome
can
TO
HOW
AND
knowledge of cheap
I
for CLASS
with
use
TrainingSchool
"
South
be announced.
TEACHING,
also be
supplied.
TEACH
Kensington.
cookery among
the poor
OF
ST.
AND
PAUL'S
would
FARRAN,
CHURCHYARD,
IT.
Sewed, 6d.
Bookseller.
GRIFFITH
CORNER
to
I
Chronicle.
reallypracticallittlebook."
WEST
further
FRAMES
SpecialNeedles
ARTIZAN
A
series of the
"
With
VVhoever
a
in
DEMONSTRATION
"
theyhave
elementary Needlework, in preparationfor use
of Needlework
for
designed under the superintendenceof the Examiner
the subjectnamed
above.
on
London, author of the very popular manuals
will be about 30 x 22 inches,and the followingare nearlyready :
exhibit certain Stitches
Other
"
Department.
SHEETS.
Alphabets for Marking
Marking Stitch
Stitch
Stocking Web
Grafting StockingMaterial
Herring Bone
Fisherman's Stitch for Braiding Nets
a
Teaching.
ARRANGED
True
By
STAND-
Simultaneous
Sewed, 6"/.
DEMONSTRATION
GRIFFITH
above, which
are
SIX
on
MENDING,
in the
NEEDLEWORK
Messrs.
Classes,and Appendix
Eighth Thousand.
recommended
are
IN
6d.
Sewed
Standards, with Diagrams.
These
of
Management
KNITTING
in Six
Author.
same
ARRANGED
for the
Thousand.
Fifteenth
They
the
NEEDLEWORK
PLAIN
LONDON.
do
well
to
read