APRIL2013 • VOLUME 4 • ISSUE 1 Attack where Win with front they are weakest lineout ball Peter Russell Head coach, Newcastle Falcons England Listening to the players Elite session 9v6 Sir Graham Henry, ex-All Blacks coach New Zealand Joe Payton Academy coach, Hawkes Bay New Zealand Andy Friend, Head coach, Canon Eagles, Japan How to play downhill in both halves Make sure your fundamentals are accurate and it will be like playing downhill in both halves of the match. The momentum you gain from having front-foot ball will make the subsequent decisions and plays much easier and enable you to "tilt the field" in your favour. Here is how we balance our core areas of the game within our short international windows. BY NICK SCRIVENER, ASSISTANT COACH, AUSTRALIA Building on and changing our principles Like most international teams, we have smaller windows of time to prepare our squads in comparison to provinces and club teams who also have pre seasons, etc. In this time we have to build the base of our pyramid, making sure our principles are in place. The principles are the fundamentals of the game, patterns of play and defence. How much do we change our principles, especially our patterns and defence? Between games we will definitely be tweaking, based on what is working and not working and the opposition coming up. Over a longer period, you may well find 1 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 we have a different shape in attack and defence. Again this is based on historically what has worked well or not in the past, but also how we are reacting to the law changes and interpretations, the way the game is moving and the opposition. It is unusual that you face a side three times in three weeks, like we did with Wales last summer and with the Lions in 2013. It is a rare opportunity to put longer term plans in place, some of which might not be revealed until later in the series. The why and the what In the training window, we are working with players to help them understand what we are trying to do 1 2 Learning from game and into training In training we might work on areas where we have been penalised in previous games. For instance, where we picked up penalties for going off our feet, we either (1) improved our stability over the ball, or (2) if the player felt he was going off his feet, he worked on rolling away quickly The trouble with being honest and open With Lions fever hotting up, it was easy to lose sight of the personal goals of the 6 Nations head coaches. England’s Stuart Lancaster wanted to prove his team’s progress was still upward while Rob Howley wanted to arrest Wales’ decline of last year. In the end, the Welsh team were on the up in tournament, while England were fading. The post match comments were honest and open by the England management, as they were throughout. Too honest and open perhaps, because they wanted to seek clarification from the referees’ department on a couple of matters and told the press so. Sour grapes were on the menu suddenly. Sometimes it is better to say nothing other than to admit to your own shortcomings. Though the Lancaster coaching team is still very well respected, this reduced their stock somewhat. But, I wonder, does that really matter? The England team members will probably welcome some respite from the Press in terms of weeding out problems and weaknesses, and this was a public show of support by their coaches. No player would have slept well after that defeat, like the Welsh boys back at the start of the tournament. You can put your hand up to say where you have been lacking but no player gains from entering the field nervous of making mistakes or feeling like they are playing poorly. Look at the resurgence of Sam Warburton. His form had dipped and arguably he had an average game by his standards against Scotland the week before England. But he did enough for the media and crowd to remember his glory days. He was championed all week and came off the field in Cardiff a different player to the forlorn figure of just a few months ago. England, by contrast, looked nervous. What a difference from their performances either side of Christmas. What happened to their confidence? Nick Scrivener, the Australian assistant coach, writing in this month’s International Rugby Coaching, wants his squad to play with confidence and skill. He knows there is little he needs to do to motivate his team, because a Lions tour is a privileged test of any player’s mettle. His challenge is to make sure the players are operating to their full potential. In a sense, his solution is simple. Work on the basics, use a simple common language, develop the players as a whole with their provinces. Open and honest can help confidence, but best to keep it to the players. Dan Cottrell 2 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 and why. For example, we might be focusing on the breakdown. Say if we were penalised a lot in the tackle area for lying on the ball, we would be working on tackle stability/balance and positioning post tackle or rolling away if we cannot stay on our feet. The “why” is reducing the penalty count, the “what” is executing tackles better or the rolling away post tackle. Essentially, we want the whole squad singing from the same hymn sheet in a short period of time. We are, therefore, talking the same language in training. This means we establish key reference points in the core areas of our game which we will continue to reinforce during the training period and into the games. We can split the core areas into individual and “Essentially, we want the whole squad singing from the same hymn sheet in a short period of time.“ team aspects. When it comes to individual skills, because we are in match preparation phase for most of the time, we have regular but small windows of opportunity to spend on specifically improving the players individual skill sets – through structured or unstructured “extras”. Ongoing individual/position specific skill development is crucial in any rugby programme. During the Test window, we also have scope throughout the week to put work into players outside the starting 15 and those outside the Test 23, especially later in the week when the starting team will be tapering off in terms of volume in preparation for the match. If appropriate, they will have been given work-ons as part of their feedback why they are not in the starting 15 or match 23. The majority of our time has to be focused on game preparation (remember we will be adjusting our patterns of play, set pieces and defences, etc.. to the new opposition!). The individual skill development has to be an ongoing long-term process which is done hand-in-hand with the provinces to ensure that the player is continually addressing individual or position specific skills during the various handovers during the year. The information flow is very important between national team and the provincial coaches to ensure Training: Preparing an international team Integrated approach to development FORMAL INFORMAL Playing National Team Provincial Team Training Plan for t en Developm Positional skills signed Player _______ am National te _ __ __ __ al team ci in ov Pr _______ We only have a small window with our players, so we need to work closely with the provinces. We have formal and informal channels to discuss player’s match performances and training that everyone involved in delivering programmes for the player have a thorough understanding of what has been done with the player in each programme and more importantly, that there is a clear ongoing plan in place for the player to develop agreed areas of schedules. We will want to dovetail this with positional skills and individual skills training, with a plan for development agreed between us, the province and ultimately, the player his game. This is achieved through formal reporting and informal ongoing discussion between national staff, provincial staff and of course the player. Team fundamentals From a team point of view, we have to constantly work “The information flow is very important between national team and provincial coaches“ 3 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 Individual skills on the base of the pyramid - set piece, contact area, defence and catch/pass/ attack skills. We cannot ignore these areas, they are the fundamentals of the game. When it comes to contact, we will generally work on these aspects early in the week. Last year we had an unprecedented 15 Tests, so in very general terms we had to get the volume of contact work early on in the cycle. It is important to establish the technical/ tactical applications we are trying to develop and also set the tone of what is required in terms of the behavioural components of the game – for instance, work off the ball, contact appetite, and developing our collective attitude. It must be remembered that players have developed these areas within their provinces and have also had a lot of contact over numerous Super 15 games. By the end of the Test cycle we may have to find other ways to work on or emphasise the physical aspects of the game as the players can be carrying the physical residual effects of a long season. For example, we might spend more time watching video footage or more time feeding back with individuals or having the players playing a larger part in team analysis. In other words, the shift goes from physical contact volume in training to working more on their mental state and making sure they have recovered and are fresh for the next match. The challenges for 2013 The 2013 season presents challenges but also opportunities. Since Christmas, the players will have been on pre-season with their Super 15 sides, then into the Super 15 season, back to the national team for the Lions tests, then back to the Super 15 including finals then back to national team for the Rugby Championship Nations and end of year tour, which obviously means a number of handovers - something relatively new in the Australian rugby landscape. Training: Preparing an international team Week in, week out, we must concentrate on the basics SET PIECE CONTACT We cannot afford to miss out on improving and consolidating the basic skills of even the best players. These form the base of our pyramid so that we can implement our game CATCH/PASS ATTACK plan. Each week we have with players there will be some work on the four key areas: Set piece, contact, catch/pass attack and defence. My plays or your plays With a multi-talented and experienced group of players, you need to come to a consensus on what plays and moves you might use in the next match. Remember that our more senior players will have played some opposition teams many times and will have a good insight of what may and may not work. With the coaching staff obviously doing their background work, DEFENCE collectively we can bring a range of ideas to the table. Then we can thrash it out between us. It is a consultative process, while we will have ideas and plans, the coaching staff are not there necessarily to impose a set of plays or game plan– we encourage and expect the players to do their own research, to formulate ideas, to think strategically and laterally. We can never rest in addressing the fundamentals of the game. In Test rugby the margins are so small. We need to be consistent. In 2012 something near to 60% of top Test matches scores were within 10 points and a third of those within five points. I like to think if teams control the fundamentals, they are more in control of the game and that the other areas of the game Tackle training late in playing cycle We have to think creatively about tackle training when players are fatigued during an extended campaign. We might reducing the amount of contact time. 4 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 For example we might spend more time watching video footage or more time feeding back with individuals or having the players playing a larger part in team analysis. become easier to execute (like phase plays/starter plays) effectively playing with momentum, as if they were running downhill. Alternatively, if they struggle in the core areas of the game, everything else becomes difficult - struggle to win ball, use ball, make breaks and control the scoreboard, so chasing the game, like playing uphill. Working with the best in training We have a very talented group of players to work with. When I set up activities, I want them to flow. Therefore I will feedback “onthe-run” rather than stopping and starting the activity too often. There needs to be a balance between continuity and information, where too much information can stifle the activity. This, of course, depends on the type of session – if it is an organisational/tactical session we may spend more time stopping and talking compared to a core skills session where we may want to work a high intensity and pump out plenty of repetition. I know it seems very basic, but it is important the explanation and demonstration of the exercise is very clear. Then the players can do plenty of repetitions, with coaches throwing in some feedback as the players are moving from point to point. Afterwards I might give them more detailed feedback on the spot, or back in the analysis room. Different players need different feedback at different times. You have to choose your moments wisely. Training: Preparing an international team Feedback on the run 11 12 13 9 11 13 15 Fire wrists to pass Inside hip pass Fingers to the sky I will use feedback to the players as they are working within the drill. These are triggers that the players will have heard before, and are part of our common language. In the handling When giving the “on-therun” feedback, I will be using our common language and terminologies. For instance in a handling drill I might be saying “inside hip” which is where I want the players to catch the ball, or “fingers to the sky” for catching or “fire the wrists” to pass, all with the name of the player next to it. These will not be new terms to the players. They will know beforehand why we are concentrating on these skills and we may make reference to the execution of the particular skill in previous match/training performances. We are trying to constantly give short-term focus in the activity to the players which over time will change behaviour. Effective communication 5 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 example above, “fire the wrists” means twist the wrist joints, “inside hip” is where I want players to catch the ball and “fingers to the sky” is help with the catching skill. strategies on the training field are very important, we are not looking to throw in new information out of the blue where possible. When I am observing the activity, I am looking for trends. It is easy to pick up one-off instances. If there are new areas to address, these will be done later. This is not the time for new information. Post match goods and bads If we have won a game and an area like the tackle contest has gone well, because it is such a fundamental, we will still be working on it in some capacity. We need to consistently get these areas right and will be building on our success in the next training session. Ignoring them even for a small amount of time can have a massive impact on performance. Similarly if an area of the game has not been done well, it is not always a case of devoting all your time to it – there are too many other things to consider in a training week. We will recognise a good performance, draw out the fundamentals, but still work on the core areas. In this training session we might be doing more of the same or we might need to change an Nick Scrivener Assistant coach, Australia Nick played for Tuggeranong Vikings, then represented ACT in both Sevens and 15s, while featuring in the inaugural Brumbies squad. He began his coaching career back at Marist College, before moving through the coaching ranks at the Brumbies during the height of the club’s success between 2000 and 2004 when the side won two Super Rugby titles and also making emphasis because of who we are playing or how we have performed. We cannot simply rely on past performances and are constantly introducing slight variations, manipulating the activity. If a fundamental area has gone wrong, we have to be prudent in identifying the core reasons why it went wrong. A system error, like missed tackles in defence, might require a different solution to a player making a technical mistake. Of course, the statistics are a guide to support our thoughts but they must be taken into context. A missed tackle by a back three player defending a line break with three players coming at him is different to a front-up tackle at the side of a ruck. With the players involvement, we therefore build up an understanding how we improve it, whether through behavioural, technical or tactical adjustment. A player who has a couple of missed tackles in midfield might have been compromised by a player inside them who stepped in rather than out to make a tackle, isolating the player. another final. He was assistant coach at the club between 2005 and 2008 specialising in defence/ contact before taking up a post with Edinburgh. He was assistant then became head coach. He was also involved in the Scottish national set up, primarily with the A team before returning to Australia to take up an academy role with the national squads. He took on roles with Australian U21s and A team before becoming assistant coach with the national team. Attack: Tactics to exploit a weakness in defence Rip the heart out of their defence Attacking teams need to move the ball away from the strength of the defence. Theoretically, all defence policies at the breakdown are the same so you need to shift the ball towards a peripheral defender which in turn becomes finding space. BY PETER RUSSELL, HEAD COACH, NEWCASTLE FALCONS All defences are theoretically the same. Yes, they might run a rush, drift or jockey type defence from set piece, breakdown or counter attack plays, but the key to any effective defensive system is to have the right numbers in the right place at the right time. The heart of the defence is the same from the ruck. On each side of the ruck, you have a “rock or pillar or post” who guards against the pick and go and the half back sniping around the fringe of the breakdown, the next defender covers a running 9 and the third defence covers outside him. These roles are well defined and set at every ruck. If the ball movement is slow or quick, at least the defensive policies are fixed and they will have their “heart” of their defence in place. The “heart” of the defence is a point of strength for any team. A strong “heart” defensive system allows other systems of the defensive policies to be deployed, like line speed and drift which, in essence, cuts down the attacking options of the opposing team. As an attacking team we need to soak up that line speed, or find a way to break down 6 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 The heart remains the same C B A A pass Whatever a teams style of defence (drift, blitz etc), the heart of defence will remain the same: Three defenders either side of the ruck fulfilling the same roles. The name of the their defensive system. For a start, we look to move the point of contact away from their strength. In simple terms, we want to attack the “unexpected” defenders or their weakest defenders who might well be the fifth or sixth position in the ruck defence chain. We can do this by grouping the defence and spreading the ball - fixing the defence, because they must stay in their system - and move the ball towards the unexpected defender. B C defenders may change, but their roles will be pretty similar: “A” covers the pick and go or cut back, “B” the 9 running or pop, “C” the first receiver. Grouping the defence Inevitably, your ball carriers will take contact. In fact they may seek contact. There are three main reasons why they look to run at a defender, two of which need correcting, the other which is a tactical play. We need to distinguish between them. Bad reasons to take contact 1. The ball carrier does not have the skills to move the ball before contact. Added to that, his is not positively encouraged to avoid contact. To remedy this, we need to work on his awareness of where the weaknesses are in a defensive line or defender and how they can be exploited. 2. The ball carrier has the wrong mentality about taking contact. He wants to carry into the middle in the defender, to take him on, rather than attack the soft shoulder and edges of the defender. Attack: Tactics to exploit a weakness in defence A good reason to take contact Sometimes it is necessary to take contact. It is not because the player simply thrives on contact, does not have the skills to avoid it or the defence is better at getting in the way. It is necessary because it is a means to an end. It’s about grouping the defence and utilising quick ball into space. What is necessary contact? Necessary contact is when you want to set up a particular contact point in the opposition defensive system to expose a weakness elsewhere, or the defending team cannot get their defensive system in place quick enough to negate your attack. Contact can also group a weaker defensive team knowing they must send more support players in to stop a rampaging attacking team, leaving spaces elsewhere. If a team has a front line defence mentality with a tackle-only system, you may need to take contact to ensure they send necessary defenders in to stop your momentum. In this system, you will find the team that makes one-on-one tackles, not over-committing to the ruck and relying on individuals to make sound defensive tackles and decisions, ensures the defensive line stays intact. This is where you can exploit weaker or slower defenders and system errors Necessary contact is not attacking the defender fronton. Instead, the ball carrier attacks a weak shoulder, which in turn draws more defenders into the tackle to try and halt the attack. With more than one defender stepping in, the defence will have fewer players on their feet around the tackle, and will need to send wider out defenders in to secure their “heart” defence. This will give space out wide to attack. Stressing the defence Not just about necessary contact need our players to have the following skills: • Good catch and pass skills under pressure. That means we can hold a defender and then pass the ball to a point of weakness, rather than To break down an organised defence, we don’t necessarily need to take contact. We need to attack weaknesses. To do this we When you attack a certain area of the defence, the defenders have to realign. If you can overwork a part of the opposition defence, it can become stressed, leading to spaces to attack through elsewhere. “To break down an organised defence, we don’t necessarily need to take contact. We need to attack weaknesses. “ Unexpected defenders Defensive systems around the ruck are pretty standard. The first three players next to one side of the ruck have specific roles, which I call the heart of the defence. Outside these players, the roles become less defined. Once we reach the fifth and sixth defender, they are not so likely to be involved in the thrust of the defensive system, especially against teams who run a 1v1 attacker/ tackler and tackle assist system. If you watch footage of matches, you will see they often do not come forward as fast as the other players, or keep their shape. To exploit these players, we need to engage and hold the first four defenders and then move the ball into the spaces in front of the fifth and sixth defender. Attacking the unexpected defender 1 pass 7 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 2 3 4 5 6 Attack: Tactics to exploit a weakness in defence Tip plays To aid not taking a full contact on the defensive line, we use tip or short pass plays where a player encourages or entices the defender to come onto him. He then shifts the ball very quickly to a supporting attacking player who can either attack the space left by the advancing defender or take the ball to the tackle line and then pass short to another player who either makes the decision to carry or pass wider. moving the ball and allowing the defence to shift with the ball. • The ability to get into our attacking shape quickly. We cannot attack effectively unless our alignment is good and the right players are in place to either create space or penetrate. • Awareness of opposition strengths and weaknesses. “By players getting into position to attack early, they can better analyse the strengths and weaknesses“ numbers OR hold them and attack an “unexpected defender”. This defender will be under pressure because his team mates are “stressed” elsewhere. Peter Russell All defensive systems have weak points and all teams good and bad tacklers. Our players should be aware of where and who to attack and when. In essence, we are moving the point of contact. By players getting into position to attack early, they can better analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the defence. Now, they can either “stress the defence” by attacking it in one place with more Head coach, Newcastle Falcons Peter has been coaching in New Zealand since 1995 where he started with Marist St Pats in Wellington. He won personal and team accolades before he moved to Wairarapa-Bush NPC team in 2003, a semi-pro side. He helped them through to promotion and then accepted a job with top grade side Hawkes Bay Magpies in 2007. He won the NZRU Steinlager Coach of the Year 2007 and led the team to the ITM Championship in 2011. During his time at Hawkes Bay, he was assistant coach to Highlanders Super Rugby franchise. He also been NZRFU Heartland and Divisonal assistant coach. In 2012 he took on the role as assistant coach at Newcastle Falcons under Dean Richards. He has the top NZ coaching certificate and is a regular course leader with IRANZ. Holding the defence We work on our catch and pass skills in every session. We focus in particular on what I call “keeping our feet” so the players catch and pass the ball without using up too much of the valuable space in between the attack and defence. One way we practice this is to have players catching and passing while ruck pad holders rush up to put pressure on them. We develop this exercise by modifying the defence and having defenders showing a soft shoulder (hips away from attacker) or running a passive/drift defence with shoulders going towards the touchline. We will be spending a minimum of 10 minutes on these sorts of exercises every week. Attacking shape Defenders BD 9 SPACE Forwards Attackers Backs Attackers Here pass is an example of the sort of attacking shape you could use to attack the “unexpected defender”. A wide group of forwards stand outside the third defender, with a forward on the inside to hold the 8 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 10 BD = BREAKDOWN heart of defence in place. A second line of backs is behind. The ball is moved to first forward of the three who tips it onto the next player who can attack the “unexpected defender”. 12 Set piece: Making the best use of front lineout ball Front ball at the lineout: More than one option first. It is easy to think that front ball at the lineout is only for a catch and drive to clear your lines, or attack their try line from 5m out. In fact, it can still used for off the top and front peels. But make sure you have the basics in place BY JOE PAYTON, ACADEMY MANAGER, HAWKES BAY RUGBY FOOTBALL UNION. Off the top from the front Make front ball into middle ball 9 Front ball or throwing to the Aim for the 9 to take the ball off-the-top in line number two jumper at the with the fourth or fifth lineout is sometimes seen player in your lineout. He should be moving as safe ball but not the best onto the ball. option when passing the ball pass out to the backs. The 9 has to pass further and opposition players at the back of lineout 9 are inevitably closer to your Aim for the 9 to take the ball off-the-top in line 10 than if it was middle or with the fourth or fifth back ball. But that needs to player in your lineout. be weighed up with the fact Get the front jumper to twist after the catch and He should be moving put the ball into the path of the 9 who is opposite onto the ball. that front ball is easier to win pass the fourth or fifth player in the lineout than middle or back ball. I believe you can still Practising the twist make front ball workable for the backs. The 9 needs to take the ball 8-10m in from the touchline, approximately opposite the fourth or fifth man in the lineout. He has to take it so his momentum is towards the intended pass, which is your 10. Secondly, it is the lineout 2 3 1 jumper’s responsibility at 2 pass Using a thrower (1) and “jumper” (2) on their supported by lifters. When the player delivers to deliver the ball accurately knees, work on the torso twist and deliver it, it should be passed with one hand when he to the 9. To achieve this he before moving onto standing twists and then finally lets go of the ball (3). has to twist in the air once he has received the ball and then drop it into the path of the 9. head, twist their torso and done under pressure from or the 10, do not want the We work on the first shoulders to deliver the opposition. ball looped back because jumper twisting by ball with one hand as far We aim to get the process 2 they will be pressured 3 by 1 themselves. Starting on their “back”” as they can. This can sharp, with an accurate opposition forwards coming pass knees, they kneel square be progressed to standing throw to the jumper, then through the line. to the thrower and then and then working in a pod an accurate hard and flat This sort of work does take the ball above their with their lifters. Finally it is delivery to the half back. He, not always come to fruition 9 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 Set piece: Making the best use of front lineout ball Straight to 9, not looped “The players need to be comfortable with the processes involved and it takes plenty of repetition to gain the sort of sharpness we want“ Make sure the delivery from the top is straight down and not looped so the 9 is under less pressure from opposition forwards coming through the line. more likely to pick up the back lifter twisting around and becoming a shield between the opposition and jumper, so he has, like the front lifter, to bind square and in line with the jumper. These two lifters become the blocks. Their shape will be very much like that of a prop when scrummaging. They “fail” if they have been shifted out of position and allow the opposition to get through and attack the ball. Now we have our blocks in position, the fourth player in the lineout will come in to take the ball from the straightaway. The players need to be comfortable with the processes involved and it takes plenty of repetition to gain the sort of sharpness we want. To start a catch and drive, when the ball is brought down by the number two jumper in the line, the front and back lifter bind on and over the back of the jumper. Referees are now The front peel Making the front peel work for you Catch and drive basics Lineout ball which is taken from the front jumper and run into the 5m channel is called a “front peel”. Defensive teams have become more astute at defending this area but I still think they are a useful weapon. First, it can be used effectively if you arrive at the lineout quickly and the ball is up and in before the opposition have a chance to set themselves. Second, some teams will defend with a hooker in the 5m channel, others with the 9. You can decide to target a “dull” hooker who tends to wander with the throw or a weak tackling 9. 10 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 jumper. Timing must be correct as he needs to take the ball as the jumper lands to initiate the drive. The new ball carrier will put the ball on his outside hip or under his chest. He should be able to shift himself back through the maul and away from danger. Once he has taken the ball, he punches the maul forward to start some forward momentum. This is to give the opposition less time to set themselves to counter. Also, too much delay can make the referee call “use it” Since our fourth player is likely to be a lock With a player taking the ball from the front jumper into the 5m channel, you can exploit a weak defender, such as a slow hooker or small 9. Works best if their front pod is slow getting into position because they are not ready. Not ready Weak defender like a 9 Slow thinking 2 Set piece: Making the best use of front lineout ball Bind over and body shape like a front row more chance of the getting up in front of his opposition number. The front jumper starts ‘loaded’ (hips and knees bent- ready to explode). He jumps forward and across Bound over Bound over Facing in Facing in on speed. He aims back of back focusing of catcher catcher to get one hand to the ball, and if not, certainly in the Flat backs Flat backsline of sight. The back lifter has to chase the jumper to help him up. In defence, since we have the hooker in the line (and 9 in the hooker channel), I would have two props lifting the front jumper and the hooker and say one Not driving Not driving Bound on Bound on of the flankers lifting the Facing Facing straightstraight front of front of forwards forwards middle jumper. This very catcher catcher much depends on what On the catch and drive, I think it is better to that the back lifter must not get in between the defensive lineout structure you are working with and bind on the back of the jumper when he comes defenders and the jumper because referees to the ground. And then take up a driving are likely to penalise for obstruction. what the opposition are position like a front row would. Remember doing with their attack. The back lifter or a lifter, I prefer the ball to eventually go backwards to the hooker or another explosive runner. Depending on what we want to do next, it might be that the 9 tells this player to attack the gain line. The fifth and sixth player come into the make up the maul, so we have a row of three, followed by another row of three and perhaps the ball carrier at the back. Defending front ball We want to create as much pressure as possible on their front jumpers when we are defending outside our 5m line. We tend to put up a player at two and four in the lineout, aiming to take up their space, forcing them to be accurate. We have spent a lot of time watching and learning from the South Africans, who are among of the best 11 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 exponents of the art of the lineout. One of the ways they add pressure on the opposition front jumper is to have their front lifter standing at 45 degrees to his own jumper and facing in towards the opposition. That means the defending jumper will effectively be closer to the 5m line and more likely to have his inside shoulder in front of his opposite number and has The lifter at the front of the line has an easier job than the middle lifter, who might have to be a front lifter or back lifter depending where we are throwing the ball. In attack, this middle lifter Basic catch and drive set up Defence L 5 J 4 X Form three rows, with the jumper (J) facing towards your try line and the lifters (L) binding his back. The next player rips the ball from the jumper, with the fifth and sixth player binding L 6 Direction of play on him to form a second row. Finally have your “X-factor” player at the back. He can be a good runner like a hooker who can break and make metres if necessary. Set piece: Making the best use of front lineout ball Offset to get in front of the opposition Hips and shoulders square 5m lin e Jumps over right shoulder of lifter and therefore in front of the opposition OPPOSITION Hips and shoulders turned towards opposition 5m lin e has to be careful not to give away his intentions. Normally I would have him facing the opposition. The back lifter’s hand position has not changed much over the years, with the cup of the hand fitting under the cup of the buttocks. What has developed, however, is that the jumpers and lifters have become more explosive, meaning the lifters can release the jumper and then catch him again to gain some more height on the lift. OPPOSITION On their throw, have the front lifter throw in, the jumper can get in front turn his body at an angle towards of their front pod by jumper “over the opposition. When the opposition the shoulder” of the front jumper. Great coaches act on feedback from others and focus on each player’s individual strengths and needs. These factors underpin The Star Coach approach. With the help of professional coaches, personal development experts and clever online technology, The Star Coach helps players communicate their views and experiences confidentially while also making coaches receptive to the feedback. Coaches and players are invited by email to work through a series of carefullyconstructed questions which help them focus on the core attributes of a highperforming coach and team. The questions have been designed, by experienced online researchers working with professional sports coaches. To add value we work closely with the coach both before and after the review. This enables us to understand a coach’s goals before receiving the feedback. Following the review, we develop a personalised report for each coach and meet face-to-face with them to review the feedback and to set strategies for improvement. For more information visit www.thestarcoach. com or email Toby Payton, general manager at toby@ thestarcoach.com 12 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 The loaded jumpers From our research of South African lineouts and jumpers, we can see that they are using specific techniques to generate momentum to get into the air more quickly and more explosively. In the last 5 to 10 years in NZ the “little tick” terminology has been used to describe players’ jumping technique. Little ticks refer to jumpers using as little angles as possible at the ankle, knee and hip joints – as well as the arms to propel themselves into the air. Theoretically, this means that opposite jumpers have little or no time to react to cues from the attacking jumper and therefore he wins the race into the air. Contrary to this – there is terminology to describe players who use large angles at the ankle, knee and hip (and Joe Payton Academy manager, Hawkes Bay Joe has been a skills coach and technical analyst since 2005. He started with the New Zealand RFU as a technical analyst and was part of the U20s coaching team in the 2007 arms) – these are called "big ticks". These are generally players who actually jump off the ground, using big arm pumps, a short sharp hop with as little contact time on the ground as possible. There is no right or wrong with these two differing techniques but we have been using the big tick approach which has been derived from watching the South Africans and we are having a good amount of success using it. World Championship. He then became a lineout skills coach with the union, working with individual players on their development. He also worked at the same time with Manukau RFU. He had a short spell coaching in Italy before becoming player Little ticks v big ticks Some coaches like the jumper to have a little bend at their hips and knee joints in particular, so they can get into the air quickly without alerting the opposition. However, learning from the lineout experts in South Africa, a bigger set of “ticks” at those joints means the jumper is more powerful, easier to lift, gets into the air quicker and higher. development manager at Hawkes Bay. At the start of 2012 he became head coach of Hawkes Bay U20s and academy manager. Since 2010 he has been a key force at The Star Coach, which helps coaches gain meaningful feedback from their players. Management: Learning to work with the players All Black and Blues mind over matter Sir Graham Henry explains how he turned to his key players for tactical and strategic help in ending New Zealand’s 24-year wait to win the World Cup and now does the same as technical adviser to the Blues DAN COTTRELL, EDITOR, INTERNATIONAL RUGBY COACHING Graham Henry was delighted that his captain, Tana Umaga, was bold enough to tell him to stop giving pre-match team talks. Sir Graham Henry called upon his most experienced players for help when plotting New Zealand’s path to World Cup glory in 2011. The All Blacks won the first World Cup in 1987 but apart from reaching the 1995 final, had failed to make an impression since. So when they hosted the tournament two years ago, Henry used every method he could to give his team the edge – and was not afraid to ask for ideas. He told International Rugby Coaching he was almost in awe of the big names in his squad and knew they had more to offer than just power and skills. They knew the game inside out and Henry wanted that knowledge. He extended his leadership group and said: “I was sitting around the table with these guys and there was I - not good enough to play for the All Blacks - discussing tactics with the likes of Richie McCaw, Dan Carter and Conrad Smith who have hundreds of caps between them. “We could really push their experience, listen and implement their ideas. They were part of the strategic decision-making which made them even more committed to implement it. “But even with these players, you still need to make sure that the Sir Graham and Sir John. Henry and Kirwan were once international coaches on opposing sides. They are now working together for the first time with the young Blues Super 15 franchise. 13 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 “It is about creating a performance environment. You have to judge what your team and the leaders in that team can handle“ leadership tasks are not too onerous. We want them to enjoy their work.” Henry insists it is a plan that works at any level, adding: “With less experienced teams, you can still use leadership groups. You need to gauge what parts of the strategy and tactics they should be responsible for. “In this way, the players have more ‘skin in the action’. That is, they can take credit for success and also be more responsible for downsides. By sharing the risks, they will buy into the strategy.” “By taking on this responsibility, it leads to the key for me: Self-sufficiency. They can make the decisions for themselves. I found that it took time for me to learn to give that sort of power to the players. However, over time I was able to feel I trusted the players. "For example, Tana Umaga, the All Black captain in 2005, came to me when we were on tour. He told me that the team didn’t need me to give them a team talk before the game. I was delighted he was bold enough to say this and from then on I stopped. The reality is that if the team is not ready to play just before the game, no matter what you say, it won’t make much difference. Your job has not been done properly if you have to rouse the players at this moment.” Henry acknowledges that he had great players around him, yet knows that there are fundamentals that are true for any player: “It is about creating a Management: Learning to work with the players performance environment. You have to judge what your team and the leaders in that team can handle. Make sure that there is never an atmosphere of “us-and-them” between the management and players.” Henry, 66, also coached Wales and the British & Irish Lions. He is now technical technical adviser at Super 15 franchise, the Blues in Auckland. They have young, exciting players and a new coaching staff fronted by All Black legend and World Cup winner Sir John Kirwan who also leads the leadership group of coaches and players. The Blues have struggled Brain biology to handle pressure “Being part of the All Blacks means you carry the weight of national expectation on your shoulders. To help handle the pressure, it was suggested we got outside support to develop the skills to deal with this. I called this “brain biology”. It was clear that some players were very apprehensive about this sort of training while others loved it. I thought it should be the same for everyone, so we went with it, but because it was not for every player, we varied the amount of content. This is an example of how we implemented ideas as a collective.” Pierre Spies is such a dominant runner with the ball, you need to make sure you are marking from all situations. A good coach makes the players aware of these situations to create better game awareness. 14 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 Sorry, you are not in the World Cup final squad “Every coach acknowledges that telling players they are not selected is the hardest job. I have to do it week in, week out, and telling a player they are not in the 23 for the World Cup final was one of the toughest moments in my career. There is no easy way to go about it, but I know have to front up and meet the player face-to-face. It must be done with dignity and with an explanation. There are only two real reasons you can give. The first is that the player has lost form and needs a break from the team. Or, there is another player who performing better. In either case, honesty is the best policy.” in recent years so Henry has helped rebuild the structure of the club. He said: “We split our season into chunks and have objectives and strategies for each of these periods of two to three games. “Our first objective was to win back the respect of the Blues fans. They have had a couple of lean seasons, and we knew they wanted - and deserved - better. “Our players will focus on what needs to happen in those periods. The key is that we set out simple plans – nothing too grandiose. “It is challenge being a new group of coaches together, despite our shared years of international experience (Kirwan also coached the national teams for Italy and Japan). To evaluate our plans, we need to know where we are as a group and as a team. “One area which always needs development is game awareness. In a recent game against the South African Super 15 team, the Bulls, we knew that Pierre Spies was a very good ball carrier off scrums. Yet, on a scrum on their 5m line with their put in, we went up on 3 (that is, wheeled right). He picked up the ball, and went off down the blindside, covering almost 50m before he was stopped. Defensively this was a basic error. The team on the pitch at that time was probably a bit stressed and lacking experience. It illustrates that you need to balance young with the old. The group on the pitch need to have good game awareness to understand what the best tactics are for that moment. For all players, you need to create situations in training to help players understand what they should do and when. For me, that means good coaching.” Graham Henry’s book, the Final Word, where you can read more about his unique journey in rugby coaching is now available in the UK. Published by HarperCollins, it costs £8.99. Elite session: Attack and defence skills ELITE Continuous attack v SESSIONS defence - 9 v 6 Andy Friend, head coach, Canon Eagles Work on attack skills, defence connections and conditioning in this continuous game Set-up Work across the field, halfway line to goal line, with 5m line as try line. Six bibs and at least three balls. ATTACK DEFENCE Goal line Defenders start on the 15m line and attackers start on the 5m line. Ball is tapped and played (similar to restarting from free-kick/ 15m 5m penalty) and attackers play with the intention of breaking the defensive line. Shoulder contact with ball carrier is deemed a “tackle” Support player with the ball carrier going who must get over ball carrier to ground and placing it within two seconds long. The defender must stand over the “tackled” player but not touch the ball, while the closest attacking player must perform a clean out (passive Ball carrier with long place because not full contact). There are unlimited touches for the attack. • Ball is knocked on If the attacking team scores a try, • Ball is lost backwards and the then they wait five seconds to defending team secures it allow defenders to reset on the • Attacking player runs into touch 15m line and then tap and play • At the tackle, no support player going the opposite direction. from the attacking team arrives Kicking is allowed only once per within two seconds in which case every attacking attempt. defender can touch the ball and Defenders can force the attacking send attackers back to 5m line team to return to the original 5m Before a restart, the defending line and collect a new ball if the team works hard to get onto the following occurs: 15 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 Try lin e What to do: 15m 5m Half way Defender who made the touch 15m line and gets ready to defend again. Run this for four minutes followed by a 90-second break before starting again. Swap so every player has a chance to defend. Keep track of which team scores the most tries or concedes the fewest to see who are the top attackers and defenders. Strategy and tactics: How warfare translates into rugby coaching Learnings from a Chinese literary masterpiece The Art of Team Coaching How Sun Tzu would coach coaches Allan Sand RRP: £10.99 (Kindle edition: £3.84) As you walk into the indoor training facility for the Welsh National team, you are met by a Sun Tzu quote: “Every battle is won before it is ever fought”. Perhaps Wales had indeed beaten England in their famous victory of 2013 before they had stepped onto the pitch. There is little doubt that the words of the famous general from ancient China resonate for many coaches, yet few would want to toil through his book finding what is relevant to their coaching. Luckily Allan Sand has done just that. Though not written specifically for any sport, it is obviously aimed at invasion games. Sand has worked his way through the book contextualizing Sun Tzu into sporting terms. There is a danger that some of the metaphors become a little stretched. Death and total destruction are not necessarily easily translated into hard tackles or winning games, despite our desire to beat bitter rivals. However, the premise of the commentary is to make us think around the challenges of managing players and teams to win games. We simply have to remember to swap scoring points for spilling blood when we measure whether we have won or not. This is definitely a reflective book. You can read it in chunks and then go away and think how it informs your coaching. It won’t tell you what move or play to use in the next match but it might subtly change your approach to attack or defence. “Every battle is won before it is ever fought” SunTzu 16 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 Often it will simplify your thinking. I think it will make you feel like you are a wiser coach. Why? Because you will consider what you are doing, why and then have to justify it to yourself. As Sand says himself in the introduction, “you will see things different. These will be your discoveries.” In other words, it is not someone giving you exactly how you should run your team. It is you working out for yourself what works for you. Ordinarily this would be hard work but Sand has made the task easier by summarising Sun Tzu’s words in bite-sized ideas to ponder. You can read either the general or Sand or both to gain greater insight into your own coaching. The book follows the 13 chapters of the Art of War. Each section has a comment on how to apply what is said to your situation. Allan has kindly allowed us to reproduce some of the book in International Rugby Coaching - you can find these on page 17. It might be worth pointing some of your more enlightened players to “The Art of Personal Competition”. The book is available on Amazon (Kindle) Barnes & Noble (Nook) or the web site (PDF) http://sites.fastspring. com/billiardgods/product/ gamesmanship Allan Sand... ... is an experienced coach and senior technical writer. He is certified as an instructor by the Professional Billiards Instructors Association (PBIA) and American Cue Sports (ACS). He is on the national PBIA Instructors Committee and the national ACS Marketing & Player/ League Development Committee. He is the author of 13 books on multiple subjects and is also fluent in Mandarin Chinese. Strategy and tactics: How warfare translates into rugby coaching Sports and The Art of War The Art of War has been applied in the world of sports. NFL coach Bill Belichick is known to have read the book and used its lessons to gain insights in preparing for games. Australian cricket as well as Brazil soccer coaches Luis Felipe Scolari and Carlos Alberto Parreira are known to have embraced the text. Scolari made the Brazil World Cup squad of 2002 study the ancient work during their successful campaign. Extracts from the book: Introduction and welcome War has been a subject of study by all civilizations throughout recorded history. In the modern era, one document has become required study by war colleges the world over. The Art of War by the ancient Chinese general Sun Tzu is the premier guide to students of military operations and battlefield management. His notations, warnings, solutions, and commentary have been studied by hundreds of thousands of people who work within organisations from the small to the most complex. His ideas and concepts have direct application to businesses, governments, and most directly in sports. 02 Waging war "It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on." Allan Sand says: The best lessons learned occur when 17 VOLUME 4 / Issue 1 mistakes are made. The sum of a person's wisdom can be tallied by the number of errors in judgement and failures they have experienced. This applies to coaching personnel as well as players. This statement assumes that the people around you know and apply this fact. Don't try to help a person who won't learn from such experiences. 03 Planning attacks "Thus the highest form of generalship is to baulk the enemy’s plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy’s forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy’s army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities." Allan Sand says: The best game approach uses designed offensive and defensive strategies tailored to your opponent's strengths and weaknesses. The next best is a straightforward continuous denial of opportunities. Limiting movement and preventing scores give your players time to capitalise on opponent errors. The worst approach is no planning, weak responses, and incorrect actions. 05 Energy "The clever combatant looks to the effect of combined energy, and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and to utilise combined energy. When he utilises combined energy, his fighting men become as it were like unto rolling logs or stones. For it is the nature of a log or stone “The best game approach uses designed offensive and defensive strategies tailored to your opponent's strengths and weaknesses. ” to remain motionless on level ground, and to move when on a slope; if four-cornered, to come to a standstill, but if roundshaped, to go rolling down. Thus the energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum of a round stone rolled down a mountain thousands of feet in height. So much on the subject of energy." Allan Sand says: It is important to not depend too much upon star players to achieve your goals. Constantly rotate through your roster giving everyone opportunities to shine. When circumstances do require special treatment, your top players are rested and very intent on doing their best. To counter the opponent’s star players, assign specially trained individuals who can prevent or otherwise interrupt their activities. 06 Weakness and strength "Therefore, the clever combatant imposes his will on the enemy, but does not allow the enemy’s will to be imposed on him." Allan Sand says: The clever coach makes the opposing team react to his actions. If the opposing coach attempts to do the same, modify your activities. Use your play selections to keep him mentally offbalance. By holding out advantages to him, he can cause the enemy to approach of his own accord; or, by inflicting damage, he can make it impossible for the enemy to draw near. Allan Sand says: During the opening minutes of the game, provide tempting opportunities to the opponent. Observe their readiness to respond. This can also validate previously gathered intelligence. 08 Variation in tactics "The art of war teaches us to rely: • Not on the likelihood of the enemy’s not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him; • Not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable." Allan Sand says: So the art of competition means that you: • Do not depend on your opponent being unprepared, but depend on your readiness to compete against him. • Do not depend on your opponent being weak, but depend on your abilities and cleverness to deny opportunities. • Do not depend on your opponent being unable to stop you, but depend on your ability to counter their efforts. Fridge notes: Coaching tips from this issue Feedback on the run 11 12 Nick Scrivener Coming up: 13 9 I will use feedback to the players as they are working within the drill. These are triggers that the players will have heard before, and are part of our common language. In the handling example above, “fire the wrists” means twist the wrist joints, “inside hip” is where I want players to catch the ball and “fingers to the sky” is help with the catching skill. 11 13 15 Fire wrists to pass Inside hip Fingers to the sky Attacking shape pass Peter Russell BD Defenders 9 SPACE 9 Aim for the 9 to take the ball off-the-top in line with the fourth or fifth player in your lineout. He should be moving onto the ball. Forwards Attackers pass Backs Attackers 10 9 pass 12 Aim for the 9 to take the ball off-the-top in line with the fourth or fifth player in your lineout. He should be moving onto the ball. Practising the twist Joe Payton 2 Little ticks v big ticks 2 1 pass 3 Here is an example of the sort of attacking shape you could use to attack the “unexpected defender”. A wide group of forwards stand outside the third defender, with a forward on the inside to hold the heart of defence in place. A second line of backs is behind. The ball is moved to first forward of the three who tips it onto the next player who can attack the “unexpected defender”. Using a thrower and “jumper” on their knees, work on the torso twist and deliver before moving onto standing twists and then supported by lifters. 3 Some coaches like the jumper to have a little bend at their hips and knee joints in particular, so they can get into the air quickly without alerting the opposition. However, learning from the lineout experts in South Africa, a bigger set of “ticks” at those joints means the jumper is more powerful, easier to lift, gets into the air quicker and higher. Everyone knows how we play, says Mark Mapletoft, assistant coach at leading English team, Harlequins. Given this, he explains how they maintain high standards through their training, systems and environment so that their opponents still find it hard to beat them. He outlines the principles that allow them to “play rugby”. Mike Ford has been an international defence coach with both England and Ireland. He tells us how he manages to balance the defensive skills and tactics in conjunction with the rest of the teams’ needs. He also shows us how he utilises the players' individual strengths within the system he prefers. Rugby in Hong Kong has progressed significantly in the last decade with their Sevens team being an international force and their 15-a-side team moving up the IRB rankings. The lessons in their success are universal, and their director of rugby, Dai Rees, describes how you can make tough selections and build teams for the season. Plus, Scott “Razor” Robertson (Canterbury), on rucking, Eugene Eloff (Boland) on backline play, Alun Powell on player development (RFU Elite academies), Byron Hayward (Wales skills coach) on decision making and Stuart Dickenson (international referee). International Rugby Coaching is a monthly publication for professional, semi-professional and aspiring rugby coaches. It is available by subscription for £97 for 12 issues. To subscribe email [email protected] or call +44 (0)1483 892894. Published by Green Star Media Ltd, Meadow View, Tannery Lane, Bramley, Guildford, Surrey GU5 0AB, UK. Editor Dan Cottrell Sub editor Mark Lawford Contributors Nick Scrivener, Peter Russell, Joe Payton, Andy Friend, Sir Graham Henry Illustrations Mike Ronald Marketing Manager Paul Mortimer. Customer Services Representative Duncan Heard Publishing Director Kevin Barrow Managing Director Andrew Griffiths © Green Star Media Ltd . All rights reserved. This publication is protected by national and international copyright laws. International Rugby Coaching will take legal action against any individuals or organisations found to be infringing its rights, and will make that action public. 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