1. business and industrial
2. energy
3. oil

PAINT.
TO
HOW
A
ART.
THE
THE
FOR
DESIGNED
USE
OF
TO
GUIDE
MECIIANI
TRADESMAN,
TIIE
FARMEK,
AND
MERCHANT,
AND
OF
COMPENDIUM
COMPLETE
PROFESSIONAL
THE
PAINTER.
CONTAINING
A
PLAIN
STATEMENT
COMMON-SENSE
BY
EMPLOYED
OF
PAINTERS
TO
PRODUCE
RESULTS
TISFACTORY
S:
METHODS'
THE
IN
FANCY
PL"INAND
OF
EVERY
PAIRING
DESCRIPTION,
INCLUDING
BRONZING,
GILDING,
STAINING,
VARNISHING,
MARBLING,
GRAINING,
POLISHING,
KALSOMINING,
PAPER-HANGING,
fettering,
Jsfripmg,
Coining,anu
WITH
FOB
FORMULAS
TIONS
CF
MIXING
THE
AVERAGE
IN
THE
F.
B.
GARDNER.
The
Carriage
EIGHTH
NEW
7 37
TOOLS
BRO
J DESCBTF*
WATEB
THEIR
BEQUIBED.
Painter's
Manual."
EDITION.
YORK
BY
PUBLISHED
OB
USED,
AND
of"
OIL
PIGMENTS
COST,
BY
Author
PAINT
VARIOUS
(Dwammtiag.
S.
AD
1S77.
:
R.
WELLS
WAY.
"
CO.,
according
Entered
Act
to
of
In
Congress,
the
year
SAMUEL
In
the
Office
of
the
R.
librarian
WELLS,
of
Congress,
at
Washington*
1872,
by
PBEFACE.
oj'HE success
of
the
has
make
has
one
the
of
art
with
overcome
that
and
book
treated
(5)
the
fession.
pro-
by acquaintances
information
pertaining
not
immediately
I
have
impression, long
the
to
ths
as
asked
carriage work,
which
efforts
acceptable
as
itself to be
painting
an
a
for
Manual,"
general public
frequently
others
publication
to renewed
volume
proved
been
and
to
this
the
Painters'
me
useful to the
and
Having
"Carriage
stimulated
to
former
attending
answered
art ir. a
more
such
nected
con-
finally
entertained,
questions
general
manner,
Preface.
would
be, financially,a failure, and
these
"
with
pages
have
and
craft,
the
to
therefore
view
a
prepared
benefit
to
injury
an
fellow-
my
men.
claimed
It is not
little volume,
this
brush
the
that
that
done
must
be
remembered,
a
mechanical,
simply
by
thorough
a
training
the
in
following
the
for
simplify
and
the
giving
limits
deavors
but
equal
to
formulas
a
will be
is
artistic
an
it
not
tion
occupa-
practice, and
the
master
and
I have
purpose.
to
For,
painting
extended
directions
without
of
that
up
pare
pre-
may
it with
spread
by
endeavored
By using
a
ever,
How-
art.
self-satisfactorymanner,
a
that
terms
work
execute
mixture
painting
brush
a
take
may
possessing ingenuity
person
ing
study-
or
practical painter.
a
requires
and
;
one
any
and
pencil
or
by reading
to
nical
tech-
no
fully interpreting them,
for
mixing paints
village supply,
I trust
within
my
appreciated.
The
Authok.
en
ft
ai
fro |flrto$uirRwr."
HAVE
show
having boys who
and
desirous
are
asked-
repeatedly
been
of
learning, "the
study
easy
boy
learn
and
be
to
a
to
to
such
secure
the
a
art
proper
a
whom
; and
as
place
shoemaking
fallacy of
the
possible, lead
in
the
with
the
trade,
such
aspirant
for
lettering,
they
placed,
to
seems
it
is
as
apprentice
I will
an
finer
where
that
to
as
as
there
prevailing impression
show
to
ornamenting,
apprenticed, or
be
may
for,
aptitude
an
descriptions of painting,such
scrolling, and
by parents
a
endeavor
idea, and,
artistic
if
honors
channel.
First, then, all fine
painting, requires
(7)
time
"Pro
8
to
execute
it
be
hurried
Bono
properly
and
hand,
judgment
a
of the
knowledge
expensive, from
requisites, has
study
and
this
practice,
class
of
;
and
any
than
that
seen
each
apprentice
an
perfection
the
and, consequently, is not
the
to
his
upon
pencil
is
the
retard
desired
by
and
work.
So
cannot
jump
plainly
into
this
desirable
an
injure
it is
perform
is
applied
assistance
at
a
of
perhaps,
produce
to
necessary
possesses
shade
or
would
improve
generally
engaged
of
stroke
effort
hand
is
them.
is
to
thorough
a
years,
obtain
"
and
eye
who
he
that
color
properly,
inexperienced
rather
work
each
work,
blended
result
Such
practical workman
the
accurately made,
or
practiced
spent
to
cannot
extent
great
any
upon
fact
the
work
based
art.
these
If
to
-well
or
such
for
"
slighted
or
experienced
an
Publico?7'
the
work,
auxiliary
artist.
Again,
the
artist
directlyunder
the
who
and
expects
may
be
employed
supervision
of his
requires' the
on
work
employer,
artist's
own
"Pro
handiwork,
learn
that
or
; and
to
Bono
the
Publico."
of
his
has
apprentice
by practice
at the
ants
assist-
experienced
opportunity
no
expense
of
business
who
the
ist's
art-
employer.
There
a
those
are
willingness
pretend
boy
in the
take
to
teach
to
will find that
profitablework
the
he is
for his
For
it is
a
painter
assist
fine
on
beset
the
their
and
by
practice directly
artist
on
work
a
I
or
that
under
trade,
best
work.
way
to
he
the
to
pupil
The
learn
for
his
to
has
work
which
with
agree
guidance
assist
to
boy
a
difficulties
the
the
errands,
of
of money,
means
ing
grind-
as
for
specially designed
permanent
think, the
the
sum
sufficientlyadvanced
good
poor
until
work,
at this
apprentice
boy,
such
good part
parents, foreseeing
painter, for
the
tools, running
Many
good
but
;
employer,
learned, by practice, a
a
art
impossibility
an
who
only wasting time, doing
colors, cleaning
etc.
and
apprentice,
an
him
express
instruct
secures
of
the
it, until
teacher
on
cheapest, and,
the
art, is
to
"Pro
10
well,
and
to
purchase
for
a
watch
engaged,
after
and
the
in
a
few
workshop
of
months
opportunity
acquiring
the
painter's
confident
to
lay
the
the
whole
in
while
work
;
with
the
offers
practice
as
will
student
studio
that
he
only
sure
art
;
progress,
and
long
permit,
may
to
when
painter,
a
it
etc.;
opportunity
circumstances
as
instructions,"
for
his
colors,
painting
"When
completion
or
of
movements
study
frequently
tools,
practice
teacher.
subject, study
the
on
necessary
the
begin
book
book
good
a
procure
Publico."
Bono
work
as
and
enter
"
under
has
now
a
the
foundation
namely,
practice.
CHAPTEK
I.
Punting,
f^jT^HE first
Xjfe)*"
consideration
secure
ground,
(g^"
(gj
surface
be
applied
by washing,
it should
wood
The
dampness.
paint should
in oil and
proper
brush
to
dry
be
diluted
be
consistency
evenly.
quicker
of
made
or
for
with
by
adding
or
coat
lead
ground
may
a
be
first
oil to
spreading
mixture
it
moisture
linseed
This
is to
paper
sand-
If
white
raw
paint.
thoroughly
from
free
01
paint
dusted.
"priming"
with
the
rubbing
or
his
spread
be
should
well
cloth, and
or
to
which
on
painter, is
foundation
Pr"per
which
on
The
cleaned,
of
a
of tlie
of
the
with
be
small
(11)
made
quan-
a
12
Every
of
tity
of
safety as
these
be
be
filled
adhere
well.
with
will
be
an
which
the
not
surfaces.
into
afterwards
that
of
ties
qualiis
worked
all
are
same
following rules,
found
with
excess
for wood
putty,
The
used
wearing
or
well
imperfections,
or
lowed,
be
may
it is intended
dryer
patent
or
provided
"
should
Priming
to
dryers
paint
when
"
cracks
Size
regards durability
of the
added
Gold
Japan
Either
Man
may
if well
fol
to
the
advantage
"
beginner.
1.
Mix
laid
formulas
careful
2.
to
to
over
proper
near
mix
Always
while
as
these
the
being
pages,
proportions.
possible
than
more
keep
Never
a
the
work,
at
bottom
the
4.
in
to
the
quantity
enough
rather
less.
than
cup
the
as
and
paints according
or
down
get
Judge
required,
3.
colors
the
very
put
surface
not
a
paint
for
some
well
stirred
in
the
settle
pigments
quickly.
coat
of
paint
perfectly dry
and
or
varnish
hard.
Own
His
5.
Lay
long
do
a
haggle
of
patches
Do
7.
spatter
Keep
clothing
as
tools
careful
as
by
purposes
; and
reached
in
our
their
the
the
painter
he
here
a
used
your
colors
if
a
great
mixed
on
a
merous
nu-
good
many
for dissimilar
them.
machinery
position
painters
not
are
describe
before
important
or
and
may,
possess
times,
pigments
PAINTERS.
form, but
I will
workshops,
work
BY
although
workman,
in
to
possible.
USED
used
overflowing
exhausted.
clean
similar
olden
well
tools, your
alike, or
In
short
into
parts of the work,
your
in detail,
and
work
to
other
over
it before
TOOL*
The
the
as
possible, and
as
brush
fill your
replenish
nor
"
tease
taking
;
paint.
not
and
drop
"
or
brush
the
15
smoothly
paint
with
sweep
not
6.
the
on
Painter
it
now
and
marble
had
holds
ground
slab,
Every
14
using
another
grinder
or
small
and
;
by machinery,
indispensable
are
marble
paint shop.
White
for
purpose,
color
the
be
can
muller.
and
very
found
inches
and
in
the
general
color,
in
lumps,
a
to
mixed
to
a
are
The
proper
rub
the
muller
or
state
a
which
and
together
with
grind
for
the
mass
laying
on
the
stone
is
of
the
bo
twelve
best
for
pigment,
if it be
and
them
the
the
called
again
one.
may
knife
crush
to
added,
is
the
w.ill be
stone,
is used
then
white
a
sizes
tools,
liquids with
stirred
or
knife.
to
The
mixed
upon
muller
the
powder.
be
placed
wide
oJ
steel, and
Various
these
use
of
fine
of
inch
one
To
is
made
tho
shade
variegated
or
companion
a
in
on
supply stores, but
use.
or
is
stone
ble
prefera-
delicate
a
flexible.
and
long
the
"
the
found
is
black
a
is
It
thin
rubbei
a
articles
determined
upon
paletteknife
The
as
better
than
ground,
as
to-day, notwithstanding
"
muller
and
of stone
piece
made
innovations
Man
to
paint
whole
the
into
coarse
work.
is
is
palette
sition
requipaint
Own
His
the
Although
process
mixing
is too
slow
quantities
paint
mill
of
to
most
other
paints
We
pages
a
of every
present
for
further
an
refer
PATENT
for
kind,
the
when
;
TAINT
MTLI*.
large
and
and
the
ful
use-
engraving
our
information
paint-mills.
HAEETS'
used
labor-saving
mill, and
approved
be
may
required
are
is therefore
]fi
laborious
and
paint
implement.
the
slab
marble
and
grinding
Painter.
of
readers
cerning
con-
CHAPTEE
II.
"nxsbm
""
""HEKE
are
i|$Jof
These
as
Some
are
The
flat.
house
and
0, 00, 000,
round,
useful
on
or
on
for
for
brushes.
bristles
and
by
inches,
etc.
are
shaped,
others
and
principally by
used
large
surfaces.
The
made
of
material,
fine
kind
hog's
first,the
sizes, designated
oval
better
painting,
varnishing.
any
are,
inch, two
one
brushes
round
used
are
of
some
generally
are
work,
made
qualities
paint
common
various
painters,
ones
or
are
of
are
dealers
which
brushes, among
ordinaiy
Q^y^
and
kinds
many
of
The
work.
as
on
carriage
flat brushes
In
oval
are
purchasing
Every
Man
this
class
get
those
of brushes,
brushes
handles
tight
and
bristles
may
in
hands.
for their
thin
flat brush
a
tested
in
is
A
not
these
takes
a
the
the
on
each
a
different
side
of
evenly, forming
thereby leaving
(he
brush,
the
brush
not
descriptions of
a
chisel
bristle
of
or
more
varnish
2
wood.
nishing,
var-
made
pressly
ex-
to
form
bristles
outside
line, equally
and
bevelled
edge,
or
worn
by
for
of bristles
splitend
lay
to
brushmaker
The
centre
and
kinds
generally
the
be
used
is
are
a
ground
softer
the
bristles
tool
flat brushes
back
the
"
of bristles, for
use
purpose.
draws
the
latter
the
proper
required quantity
brush, and
"
should
flat brush
thin
Carriage painters
for
The
flat brushes
imitating
and
best
by bending
plentifulsupply
paint evenly.
grainers
considered
soft, yet elastic.
The
chosen
bound
to
socket, if in tin-binding,
the
be
quality
the
in
taken
be
well
are
are
V\
Painter.
should
care
which
only
wire-bound
the
Own
His
of
the
bristle
off
this
elastic
than
"
brushes.
on
makes
other
18
Every
Tools"
Sash
"
bristle
the
mouldings
would
what
bristle
by
when
I cannot
well.
Some
around
to
to
take
a
binding
the
toward
the
to
But
the
same
come
as
"
handle
and
and
muslin
and
low
as
you
one-third
fold
fasten
to
it
is
to
one
a
desire
the
work
each
wrap
tie
on
cord
way
muslin
the
oval
put
secure
better
a
have
or
strong
a
bristles, then
say,
bristles, then
the
bind
for
brushes
long
too
are
are
but
binding
distance
strong
around
the
large,round
extra
brush.
they
as
it
tin,
"Fitches,"
The
bristles
proper
of
in
Fitch-hair
an
handle.
piece
bound
the
painters
the
thickness
around
have
where
large
a
conjecture,
with
for the
new,
use
or
around
and
painting
to
painters
should
end
for
round
wipe
to
corners,
or
brush-maker.
blushes
used
brushes,
some
connection
oi the
of
sashes,
reason
no
in
-sized
small
are
impracticable
Smaller
called-
and
paint
or
be
the
are
brushes,
smooth
Man
cord
the
length
back
by tieing
or
20
Every
Fitch-hair
of
made
Varnish
dark
a
carriage
for
bodies
;
where
for
is
a
an
one-half
article,but
at
best," and
purpose
of
very
on
fine
they
fine
leaf
finish
should
Fitch-hair
to
prove
not
varnishing.
and
as
on
niture,
fur-
delicate
face,
sur-
brush
sold
is desired.
price charged
will
boxes,
any
and
handles.
varnishing,
or
are
elastic
turned
fine work
imitation
the
Those
"
hair, very
tin, with
gold
over
or
There
in
used
are
Brushes.
colored
soft, neatly bound
They
Man
be
for
be
the
"poor
purchased
The
real
genuine
for
tools
the
Fitch-hair
Own
His
brush
the
brushes
in
use,
for the
latter
hair
is used
or
A
in
varnish
be
pierce
the
be
not
bristles
tin box,
CAN
may
dollar
one
should
varnish, when
brush.
the
21
inch,
per
measure.
Varnish
hi
costs
generally
width
Painter.
top,
the
eventually
shown
in
VARNISH
tools
as
small
then
in.
make
pentine,
tur-
the
ruins
the
engraving,
TOOLS.
But
follows
holes
or
elasticity of
well-regulated paint-shops
made,
two
FOR
in oil
not
destroys
and
as
kept suspended
a
:
in
simple
Take
a
to
substitute
tin
can
opposite sides,
similar
keep
holes
in
and
near
the
22
Man
Every
of
handles
inch.
an
of wire
piece
the
Then
just
and
then
exclude
the
under
ivater
brush,
little when
smooth,
glassy
be
obtained.
called
of
hair
by
a
and
varnish
its
to
depth
box,
;
to
circumstances,
formed
can
never
surface
than
is
the
the
be
out
hilt
"
a
"
of
little
by
used, destroying the
which
those
might
and
wise
other-
mentioned,
Striping pencils
one
but
thoroughly
camels'-hair, sable-hair, ox-hair,
about
to
it not
as
hair,
in
work
will
brush
brushes
allowed
be
never
is
which
"pencils."
being
least
can
wooden
a
ends
putting
of the
elasticityof
which
the
Smaller
with
any
the
and
removed,
at
one-half
should
substance
resinous
bottom
sufficient
in
whole
the
dust.
only injures
the
holes
brushes
Varnish
touch
the
binding
the
cover
them
put
the
cover
suspend
through
handles,
the
have
to
allow
to
clear
to
careful
being
down
enough
brushes
the
of
low
holes
the
brushes,
the
a
half
are
etc.
are
made
;
inches
the
in
Own
His
length
and
pencils
arc
cost
the
sable
in
five to
pencils
in
range
Camels'-hair
each
cents
for
best
are
ordinary work,
on
fifteen
from
price
23
quills.
used
generally
from
and
and
bound
Painter.
fine
; while
striping,
fifty cents
two
to
each.
dollars
This
description
and
of
scrolling,the
hair
for
used
pencil is
being
ing
letter-
little shorter
a
only.
Ox-hair
in
pencils
striping,and
"dagger
form.
They
to
the
made^a^,
the
length
used
are
work,
of the
Ornamenting,
of
various
and
bound
kinds
soft, others
in tin
or
of
them,
their
by holding
them
wise
edge-
allowing
to
and
brass, with
but
one-half
touch.
pencils,
material,
stiff
call
some
show
cut
artists'
or
fine lines
will
and
hair
as
or
The
pencils."
for
excellent
are
some
harsh.
long
cedar
are
made
very
They
fine
are
handles,
24
Every
and
are
Man
sold
according
painting
made
for
called
All
pencils
and
turpentine
aside
laying
A
few
other
Putty-knife,
skin,
Pencils,
shades,
Sponge,
and
hair
Soft
used
are
by
of
strike
merely
with
thirty
instead
and
they
surface
"
from
price
form,
for
brushes
Stenciling.)
similar
color,
painted
freshly
dollar,
one
stiff
plates,
blending
the
on
short
(See
in
to
quality.
are
each.
Painter.
cents
and
stencil
cents
brushes,
brush,
size
over
fifty
artists
ten
brushes
Stencil
to
from
to
Own
His
the
end
ing
laythe
of
the
stippling."
should
be
well
greased
after
tools
Palette,
Combs
Dusting
well
rinsed
with
in
out
fore
be-
tallow,
use.
of
the
painter
Eest-stick,
and
for
Brush.
graining,
the
are,
Chamois
Brick
CHAPTEK
III.
grrr "olaxa.
'T is not
of
intention
my
color-making,
of
preparation
days
these
"
sold
them,
shades
and
by
improvement,
to
make
dealer, the
the
and
details
into
rather, the
or
his
lang syne;" therefore,
auld
those
enter
chemical
coloring substances,
compelled
is not
in
of
to
their
the
painter
pigments,
if I
method
combinations
tints,it will,I doubt
for in
as
describe
of
to
ing
mixform
not, be entirely
sufficient.
WHITE
This
the
art
pigment
as
it
LEAD.
is the
forms
principal
the
best
one
used
foundation
(25)
in
for
Ever?
26
laying
of
most
the
it will
pure
the
other
on
with
keg
mixed
lead
short
of
brands
many
good,
are
pure,
should
be
avoided,
it is
as
This
is similar
has
less
frequently
finish
color, and
forms
claiming
the
to
each,
if
lead
dearest
WHITE.
ZINC
extra
are
adulterated
always
is
etc.,
perhaps
cheap,
or
There
each
lead,
but
from
end.
the
but
barytus,
qualities, and
"
lifted
adulterations,
crumbling.
white
best
the
possess
when
whiting,
and
perfectly
If
ropy,"
knife, while
with
generally
in
the
"
for
basis
the
shades.
and
found
is
and
colors,
tints
be
Man
the
to
body
used
"China
lead
white
over
mixed
Gloss"
It
is
with
of
in
appearance,
qualities.
covering
or
is desired.
when
lead
white
a
paint,
beautiful
white
commerce.
It
when
is
an
white
varnish,
it
28
well,
if there
or
one-half
used
to
Every
Man
be
enough, given
time
gill of
a
instead
boiled
of the
varnish.
spread easily add
a
fine
work
made
plus
ne
ultra
burnt
is
the
class, and
$ny
for
black
of
blacks,
enriches
thick
is used
and
is
a
on
It
is
difficult
very
BLUE.
When
the
bodied
strongest
mixed
; but
ordinary
desired
white.
if too
turpentine.
ivory, and
be
may
patent
dark
be
BLACK
PRUSSIAN
as
may
grind.
to
This
dry,
only, being quite expensive.
from
color
oil
Then
little
IVORY
Is the
linseed
to
in
in
the
added
It
black
latter,making
a
is
it
fine
of
its
manner
state
with
by mixing
to
same
its pure
purposes.
shade
color
it is too
changed
it
a
to
little
improves
blue-black.
or
Own
His
Painter.
29
ULTRAMARINE.
beautiful
A
white
with
of
little
a
it
but
work,
glazing
for
in its pure
other
over
40 cents
about
all
on
blue
descriptions
it possesses
state
is therefore
mixed
When
blue.
used
be
can
and
body,
of
shade
frequently
very
used
as
It retails
grounds.
lb.
per
GREEN.
There
green,
are
the
It
Green.
be
adding
Yellow
Cobalt
to
useful
most
is
a
an
its
colors, and
used
is
of
Verdigris,
shades,
or
Terre
Green
may
particular
or
darken,
for nice
Chrome
color, and
state
Emerald
and
are
to
of
qualities
which
variety
Blue
lighten.
Green,
of
pure
endless
Prussian
to
and
strong bodied
from
changed
shade,
shades
many
are
by
Chrome
Verte.
all fine
painting.
YELLOW.
Chrome
Yellow
class, of which
is
there
the
are
principal
many
one
of
thig
shades, namely
30
Every
light, medium,
deep
for about
retails
is
30
yellow earth,
a
durable
color
floors, and
for
all
Man
cents
per
and
is
Yellow
lb.
a
Ochre
useful
very
It
work.
for two
It
orange.
and
outbuildings, fences,
barns,
common
large quantities
and
lemon,
three
or
is
in
sold
cents
lb.
per
VERMILION.
There
are
many
most
frequently used
This
is divided
the
or
deep
;
the
into
kinds
of
is of
English
two
former,
manufacture.
shades, the
the
having
covering qualities,is
That
vermilion.
used
for
light, and
most
body
lettering and
ornamenting.
Chinese
it unadulterated,
procure
but
it is
English
so
is
vermilion
work,
would
vermilion
is
the
finest
the
now
a
a
very
leading
good
quality
extensively
used
as
on
in
to
use;
the
American
article.
pigment
known
red
with, that
frequently tampered
is
and
be, if possible
for
ordinary
California
the
milion
ver-
panels of
Own
His
railroad
and
is
brown
is
for
remedy
$1.75
paper
$1.50
per
cents
of
sulphur
is,
lb.
add
to
paint
is sold
Chinese,
per
lb.
The
to
dark
a
A
one-eighth
when
from
is
95
put
from
for
six
California
part
mixing.
which
in
American,
mercury,
atmosphere.
for
x^ackages,retails
lb.
and
turn
tli6
to
the
to
to
durable.
and
good
found
Vermilion
small
35
this
per
be
exposed
sulphur
of
English
to
if
31
to
mixture
a
frequently
color
flour
proving
cars,
Vermilion
Painter.
up
in
$1.00 to
pound
brand,
cents
cans,
$1,50.
BROWN.
Burnt
Umber,
Brown,
colors
to
any
make
; but
Umber,
Spanish Brown,
the
browns
desired
Kaw
better
way
by mixing
Sienna,
all brownish
are
for
is
red
dyke
Van-
the
and
painter
black
to
shade.
LAKE.
There
are
are
procured
many
in
kinds
small
of lake
lumps
colors.
or
drops,
Some
others
Man
Every
32
form,
powdered
in
broken
cakes
in
others
and
or
pieces.
Those
frequently
most
Carmine
Scarlet
"
used
Yellow
"
are
:
j
Florentine
"
LAKE
Munich
Madder
"
colors, when
These
should
not
be
should
have
an
beauty
of
adding
of
the
for
brown.
admired
glazing
and
takes
the
over
place
when
;
is
but
otherwise
the
is
mixed
black
the
panels,
and
"claret."
done
few
a
is
sidered
con-
prefer
some
color
may
a
much
so
called
and
by
drops
ground
It
vermilion,
colors,
"dead,"
This
lake, although
coach
on
lost.
A
This
color"
"wine
for
paint
solid
dry
to
is
varnish.
best
for
egg-shell gloss
color
I
Crimson
"
mixed
allowed
the
to
carriage
dark
Purple
"
by
be
some,
used
frequently
of carmine.
CARMINE.
This
is
color,
and
a
beautiful
the
most
usually costing $3.00
crimson
expensive
per
ounce.
or
blood-red
color
It is
used,
there-
Own
His
for
used
fore
Painter.
glazing
33
reds
over
browns.
or
ROSE-riNK.
is
This
fades
imitation
an
loses
or
to
any
of
lake, and
its crimson
great
it
as
tint, it is not
soon
ployed
em-
extent.
WHITING.
A.
species
for
cents
oil
color
per
in
chalk, used
kalsomine
or
brown
of
for walls.
painting,
It
is
it turns
as
mixed.
when
making
It
wash
whiteable
suit-
not
to
dirty
a
for five
retails
pound.
GLUE.
Good
glue
should
semi-transparent,
lines.
cloudy
be
broken
vessel
into
small
in which
it will soften
from
desired
for
pieces
sufficient
and
3
brown
light
a
free
and
"When
containing
be
or
it should
placed
to
water
swell
waves
use
and
color,
;
then
cover
in
a
it,
it must
Every
34
be
pebbles
from
of
vessel
another
boiled
when
few
a
to
the
bottom.
the
glue
sells
in
the
which
Set
glue
this
vessel
the
has
and
it
is
for
ready
use.
about
for
a
over
dissolved
York
into
placed
is
New
done
glue
is
the
prevent
moments,
Cooper's glue
cents
containing
in
be
should
this
water,
nails
or
touching
fire, and
; and
vessel
the
by setting
few
boiled
and
heated
Man
25
lb.
per
PUMICE-STONE.
Pumice-stone
to level
a
painted
and
dried.
and
smooth
the
using
of
water
in
a
of
foundation
Pulverized
the
gloss
for
or
other
pumice-stone
and
the
thus
to
smooth
paints
the
on
work,
level
stone
file, the workman
work
the
a
put
cut
abundance,
scratching, until
or
saw
by paintero
carriage painting,
is
having
with
surface
In
paint
Then
is used
lump
surfaces.
mixture
coarse
rubs
in the
prepared,
prevent
level
heating
surface
is obtained.
is
imperfections
used
on
to
remove
varnished
or
36
Man
Every
from
the
dealer.
color,
and
is
leaf,
as
may
imitation
be
in
It
scrolls
of
and
to
hard
is
a
for
excellent
used
Own
His
transparent
very
shading
over
work.
ornamental
advantage
woods.
Painter
in
staining
gold
It
iz"
IV.
CHAPTEK
^tqitiirs,
SPIRITS
(t^j^HIS is
as
a
OF
which
turpentine
offensive
from
arises
peculiarity
in
advantage
painter, both
using it
by inhaling
here
as
to
caution
a
means
quality,and
turned
this
to
is
sidered
con-
the
health
of
the
its
fumes,
and
by
of
the
painters
to
abstain
of
not
that
as
pores
the
from
but
stronger
testing its qualities. It
absorption through
I would
is
pages,
odor
sometimes
injurious
very
The
inferior
an
these
unpleasant
or
be
may
in
volatile.
extremely
so
before
of
fluid,and
inflammable
highly
sponen
good
TURPENTINE.
cleaning
skin, and
the
from
hands,
'37"
Every
38
Its
price
varies
Man
from
cents
50
$1.00 per
to
gallon.
BENZINE
Is
with
is
substituted
frequently
for, and
mixed
turpentine by UDprincipled dealers,
so
far
will not
inferior
be
workman,
article
that
to
countenanced
except
on
by
very
but
that
its
a
medium
even
it
use
work.
common
OILS.
For
artists
ordinary
poppies,
linseed
oil
use
etc.,
oil is
penetrates
secures
longer
its
oil is
lavender,
in
mixing
than
the
the
of
preferable
limpid
more
linseed
work
the
or
pores
oil of
fine
the
colors.
boiled
grains of wood,
its
ok
Eaw
being
oil, it readily
moisture.
better, both
drying qualities and
But
spike, oil
for first coats, for
against
same
kept
oil is best.
in
and
The
regard
transparency.
to
Own
His
Painter.
39
VARNISHES.
The
varnisli
I
variety.
list embraces
will
used.
commonly
varnishes
mention
only
The
and
used
are
better
fill up
to
qualities of
hard
be
allowed
before
the
process
is
durable
produce
about
of
the
on
level
a
spread
longer
a
first
the
to
in
Varnisli
and
varnishing
face
sur-
other
and
It
dries
ciently
suffi-
ten
hours
;
time
to
with
rubbing
but
harden,
pumice-
I
is
would
superior
to
recommend
Furniture
its
for
use
furniture.
Hard-drying
finishing coats
not
most
begun.
Carriage
Varnish,
those
most
varnishes.
handle
to
should
stone
or
which
on
endless
carriage painting.
Varnish,
paint,
over
best
in
Carkiage-rubbing
list,is used
almost
an
requiring
Varnish."
Body
over
tlie
a
levelled
-This
fc-
is used
surface,
on
work
greatest durability, and
particularly adapted
for
the
best
inside
work.
is
Every
40
Wearing
and
a
in
as
time
long
of dust
way
that
slowly
a
Varnish.
all others
surpasses
well
as
Body
Man
is very
This
"
in freedom
of
pale,
working,
brilliancyand
durability. Though
in
it
hardening,
in
ten
or
twelve
time
ample
perfect job
is
out
hours,
of
the
and
sets
to
plish
accom-
allowed
the
On
dries
largest
so
of
area
surface.
Furniture
quality
of
substance
Varnish.
Varnish,
than
This
"
possessing
copal,
purpose
Pbice
of
resinous
gums.
and
designed.
Average
inferior
an
more
mastic
or
generally sufficientlydurable
the
is
Vaenishes.
It
glossy
is
for
Own
His
Varnish.
Shellac
Painter.
This
"
be
may
it is best
but
ready prepared,
41
to
purchased
make
it when
required.
Take
earthern
vessel,
is
cent,
lb. of gum
one
it will be
the
A
out
Japan
dryer
Gold
for
strength.
for
oil
Size.
paints.
On
It
dryer,
account
use
with
priming
to
Japan.
simply
put
on.
varnish
varnish.
is
a
superior liquid
lighter
with
of
from
is
this
two
prevent
knots
colored
nearly
its
it is
less hurtful
than
double
paleness
its
and
the
especially valuable
light-coloredpaints, and
dryer, is much
Brown
is
to
shako
or
paint, by
the
This
"
day
a
pine
the
harness
quantity required,
less
in
added
lampblack
Japan
Brown
in
an
(90 per
place;
warm
It is used
before
over
excellent
an
a
use.
through
them
little
forms
for
substance
resinous
coating
it in
set
it in
put
alcohol
occasionally, and
ready
striking
and
it with
cover
best) and
mixture
the
shellac
to the
being
work
an
than
42
Every
Japan.
Brown
though
is
for
liquid dryer
considered
not
Size, it
A
"
Man
good
as
extensively
used
paints, and
for
Gold
the
as
the
purpose
designed.
A
good
dissolving
or
in linseed
Size,
Mordant
or
exposed
when
to
sizing
the
oil to
to
burn
moment,
a
little
wagons,
of
of lead
sugar
One
"
signs, or
mixed,
follows
of the best
work
fire to
set
and
the
then
pan.
cold, but
in
will
a
the
to
oil size.
but
is
pan
be
It
best
boiled
Expose
:
strong heat
;
when
oil, allow
it
it to
suddenly extinguish
This
will be
ready
require thinning
for
with
turpentine.
GOLD
QUICK
For
for
ready
as
smoke,
by covering
when
by grinding
weather, is called fat
a
begins
use
Varnishes.
prepared
a
is made
quantity
purchased
linseed
it
small
a
or
be
paints
oil.
Mordants
may
for
dryer
SIZE.
lettering,striping, and
furniture
or
other
ornamenting
articles, and
on
which
Man
Every
44
SIZE
Drop
boiling
strain
a
His
GILDING
FOR
few
water,
through
Own
pieces
and
clean
of
when
ON
Painter.
GLASS.
into
isinglass
thoroughly
muslin.
(See
a
pint
of
dissolved,
Gilding.)
8r"2Fx^
Y.
CHAPTER
tl "olax$,
'OB
the
facilities
for
boxes
or
paint
stores.
mixing
with
tints, or
for
colors
artists'
having
use,
a
screw
cap
for use,
the
pressure
of
tube
color
the
cover
or
up
is
a
little
in
"or
dryer.
exceedingly
tubes
cover.
is removed,
fingers upon
the
shades
for
state, by thinning
pure
adding
put
tin
at the
excellent
form
to
paint
ground
are
are
no
colors
in small
up
purchased
They
turpentine, and
Similar
put
be
may
in their
use
have
grinding paints,
cans
white
who
persons
oil and
in
ground
with
of
use
of
When
and
the
fine
soft
for
tin,
required
by
a
sides
gentle
of
ejected.
("5)
the
Every
46
The
list embraces
Yellow
Lake
Dutch
Italian
Pink
Kings
Yellow
Chinese
Green
Chrome
colors
Cassel
Verditer
Mountain
Pink
English
following
the
Green
Pink
Man
Earth
Green
Asphaltum
Verdigris
Emerald
Terre
Indian
Verto
Green
Venetian
Purple
Ochre
Naples
Yellow
Ochre
Chrome
Carmine
Oxford
Ochre
Ivory
Vermilion
Roman
Ochre
Lamp
Indian
Yellow
Pink
Rose
Lako
Madder
Indigo
Intense
Purple
Bluo
Burnt
Blue
Antwerp
Blue
Burnt
Prussian
Blue
Raw
Sap
Yellow
Whito
Sugar
Umber
Black
White
Crems
Sienna
Raw
Yellow
Black
Flake
Sienna
Red
Yellow
Orange
Lake
Green
Red
Cobalt
Yellow
Earth
Cologne
of Lead
Ultramarine.
Umber
Green
COLORS.
COMPOUND
It would
be
all the
colors
colors.
I
method
of
endless
an
formed
will
to exercise
others
not
the
therefore
his
mentioned.
to
If
of
the
other
simplest
tints, leaving the
judgment
own
enumerate
mixture
give
various
making
reader
by
task
you
would
as
regards
produce
Own
His
Straw
Color
Silver
Gray
Rose
add
11
Color
Yellow
Chrome
and
Lampblack
Carmine
"
Indigo
to
White
Lake
or
to
White
J
11
Green
Lead
14
Color
11
Color
Wood
Greeh
Brilliant
Green
Bright
Green
Chromo
Lampblack
44
Emerald
44
Paris
Whito
to
Umber
Raw
White
to
Green
Green
White
to
Whito
44
Umber
to
Butf
Color
44
Yellow
Ochre
44
Red, Umber
44
Carmine
44
Black
Brown
44
Red
and
Purple
44
Red
to
light Blue
44
Blue
to
Lead
Orange
44
Vermilion
Oliye
44
Chrome
Color
Color
Flesh
Dark
Green
Pearl
Color
44
White
Chocolate
41
Yellow
White
Straw
to
suit
color
Yellow
Chrome
Blue,
YeUow,
Black
Red
Brown
to
White,
Color
Greon
Black
to
to Whito
Yellow
Chrome
and
Chestnut
Whito
to
and
to
to
Whit"
to
Color
Salmon
White
to
Drab
Cream
Load
White
to
)
Pine
Pea
47
Painter.
to
Brown
tinted
with
Red
and
Purple
color
Yellow
White
French
Pearl
White
White,
White,
tinted
tinted
with
with
Blue
and
Purple
Ashes
of
Koses
White,
and
French
Gray
White,
tinted
vrith
Lead
color
Lake
tinted
Purple.
with
Black
and
CHAPTER
VI.
gti*mg
'HE
Body,
2.
Fluidity.
3.
Drying
4.
Binding
Durability.
It
is
for,
adjust
to
yet, he
may
and
colors
will be
less
(48)
hardening.
or
adhesiveness.
within
the
the
so
can
power
first mentioned
:
change
combine
and
these
them
shades, that
the
transparent,
or
of
the
quality,
pigments
some
transparent;
painter
the
and
elsewhere,
others
opaque,
are
covering quality.
or
always
not
shown
as
qualities of paint
1.
5.
painter
to
essential
fjaini
art
no
are
known
peculiarities,
when
making
transparent
nearly
opaque.
color
Man
Every
found
It is sometimes
of
with
while
added
will
hurried
The
not
an
glutinous
a
u
table
attribu-
yet
excess
mass
{
sufficiency
a
"
curdle
be
of
ately
it will immedi-
it,providing
liquids) be
not
Therefore
always
If
mixing.
form
is
an
of
excess
advantageous
on
work.
drying qualitiesof paint
alone.
themselves
of
mentioned
Vandyke
require
mixed
in
ease
proportions
or
dryers (if
or
not
given by dryers
are
of this
to oil color
quality.
good
dryers
be
in
dry the paint, will
liquids
tions
addi-
repeated
quantity, and
lesser
a
"
curdles
"
fluidityor
cause
and
curdle,"
the
of
it
49
brush, destroys its body
The
be
paint
and
improper quantities
dryers
"
to
give
liquids employed
the
Fainter.
that
cup,
the
opaqueness.
to
of
in the
liquids, to
spreading
or
"
thickens
"
or
Own
His
so
with
large
lead, umber,
; and
a
these
quantity
oil.
4
not
of the
dryers, among
red
brown
Many
are
pigments
which
may
sienna, and
therefore
of
always
do
not
dryers whea
Every
50
is
Binding
paints,
insure
adhesion
mixed
with
will
or,
called,
as
the
to
except the
work
the
is added
to
leave
residuum,
but
in
used
ever
are
easily
of
in
painting, excepting
sometimes
a
sinous
re-
a
drying.
these
in
nish
var-
form
oxygen
spoken
or
particles
the
turpentine,
is used
oil, which
fish
oils
the
be
may
bind
coating by absorbing
None
no
therefore, oil
to
unlike
They,
together.
be
paint
turpentine
which
;
paint
If
to
alone, the
and
dry pigment,
from
dusted
color,"
Dead
work.
turpentine
quickly evaporate
"
quick
in
feature
important
an
drying
Man
pages
prepared
common
on
work.
intended
Paint
will
not
follows
outside
ivork, and
which
be
protected by varnish,
is mixed
the
color, if in lumps, and
mix
as
:
Crush
stiff
for
paste with
the
latter
add
brown
is
linseed
oil,boiled
preferable
Japan
of one-half
then, if
"
a
or
or
a
gold size, in
pint
to
a
gallon
raw
dark
to
"
a
but
color,
the
tion
propor-
of
oil ; if
a
62
Man
Every
Second
is
Coat,
thoroughly
dation
dry
mixture
applied when
be
to
to
and
hard
the
proper
priming
the
the
; reduce
fcnin
:-
consistency, with
turpentine only.
Thied,
more
than
cover
the
the
second
the
paint
two
coat
Paint
from
of
gallon
with
used, always
harden
before
"Woek.
mix
as
to
for
giving
applying
of
paint.
washed
with
will
painters,will
paint
;
white
and
stand
is
intended
and
the
a
to
excellent
an
as
every
it
can
be
easily cleaned
when
mixed
many
paints,
not
one-half
varnish
found
be
paint, inasmuch
soapsuds,
desired, while
surface
This
white
consistency
add
then
light-colored carriage
Take
"
the
to
turpentine,
of white
old
be
and
keg
feature
This
paint
preparation
Inside
foe
the
cream
pint
lead
coat.
"White
of
to
apply
to
same
may
time
If necessary
"
of white
coats
surface, the
another
lead
Coats.
othee
oe
as
by
soapsuds washing.
for
amateur
coating
roust
over
bear
an
in
Own
Hrs
that
mind
priming,
White,
Zinc
coats
over
mixed
to
paint
But
This
white
the
"flow
"
lead
that
it on,
possible, being
quickly,
brush
that
is, lay
as
when
a
and
to
coat
it well
settle
or
gloss
best
is
heavy
brush
to
flow
it may
China
it
in
zinc
applied
and
on
parlors
to
the
the
is
dry,
careful
FOR
COLOR
TO
and
by mixing
lead.
as
and
leave
nc
marks.
OIL
If
is
paint
white
given
mixture
gloss),
a
as
varnish, forming
commerce.
painter's
without
be
may
sometftnes
is
manner
in houses
damar
white
same
finishing
house
(the
dries
finish
work
extra
or
the
in
beautiful
a
which
for
white
paint,
"flat"
dry
used
and
lead
page,
applied.
are
superior
a
white
for
term
coats
finishing
with
preceding
the
on
coated
be
should
ivood
new
described
as
the
before
of
all
53
Painter.
BE
PROTECTED
dry pigments
mix
to
a
are
stiff
OUTSIDE
BY
used,
WORK,
VARNISH.
crush
paste with
the
lumps,
turpentine,
on
54
Every
the
stone
mill
and
it to
then
;
state
grind
not
linseed
the
put
sufficient
add
fluid
a
Man
of
reduce
it will
as
fine, add
ground
the
paint
to
thin,
too
When
easily.
oil until
not
the
dryer
Japan
but
"
in
mass
consistency
proper
to
spread nicely.
Dead
or
and
painters
be
useful
varnished,
leaving
of
if
This
by
paint
mill
simply
to
added.
will
bind
to
in
"
the
accessible.
oil
with
purpose
or
from
;
is
and
color."
almost
in
up
where
These
a
the
colors
turpentine,
are
ing
accord-
little
are
tin
village
any
use
white
well
turpentine.
put
desired, and
tints
spoonsful
minutes,
for
excellent
will
manner,
paint
with
quick
at
which
few
a
and
oil,
carriage
similar
fifteen
procured
is not
When
in
dry
are
diluted
the
a
by
work
adding
workmen
be
and
store,
in
thick, thinning
ground
boxes, may
any
made
oil and
some
Colors
used
as
on
varnish
too
paint
called
is
the
out
carriage
then,
Color,
flat
dryei
desired,
Own
His
colors
these
Painter.
bo
may
55
with
employed
great
economy.
Let
the
mix
workman
and
previously shown,
paint,
as
add
a
little
can
until
of
by little
desired
the
of white
tub
a
this
to
color
the
is
shade
lead
mixture
from
tin
the
produced.
TUTTY.
Common
linseed
Window
oil to
Carriage
lead
and
one
part
the
mix
with
carriage
place of
quantity
keg.
This
in use,
Cementing
Take
and
red
mix
Putty.
prevent
lead
with
by
lead
lead
and
boiled
be
dry
and
A
mon
com-
adding
oil, from
in
and
whiting
using
and
kept
white
Japan
varnish.
made
dry white
Putty,
brown
rubbing
of white
Take
"
part
one
putty should
to
whiting
Mix
"
dough.
putty is
small
not
stiff
Painters'
wagon
in
a
Putty.
in water
a
the
when
drying.
for
white
oil.
ivater
or
gas
pipes.
"
lead, equal weight,
66
Every
Putty
red
Man
the
putty,
it
in
lampblack
adding
a
small
the
mallet,
a
Indian
whiting,
equal
by heating
with
well
Painter.
Mix
"
varnish,
to
Own
Furniture.
for
and
His
parts,
piece
with
of
and
same
until
riage
car-
beeswax
ing
pound-
thoroughly
amalgamated.
kind
same
Putty
glue,
or
Take
Putty.
Hardwood
of
wood,
tor
calcined
fine
"
"Walls.
and
"
plaster
mix
sawdust
with
Whiting
(gypsum)
of
strong
mixed
and
the
glue.
with
water.
CHAPTEE
VII.
$nnt.
Htlh
OR
in
painting
of
oil
turpentine
or
follows
Take
eight
it in
three
quarts of skimmed,
of
Paris
When
them
oil.
white
these
mixtures
iration
equal
to
slaked
earthern
vessel
with
not
milk
may
sil
sour
and
well
and
half
a
pints
six
add
prep
to be
freshly
are
well,
This
tionable,
objec-
of
three
these
use.
be
made,
three
with
together and
Mix
an
mix
vessel
would
smell
be
ounces
and
in another
the
:
lime
mis
where
preparation
a
as
roums
of
be
and
milk.
up,
of
ounces
is considered
paint,
pounds
the
stirred
it will
; then
put
linseed
ready
by
for
many
is excellent
(57)
for
68
Every
and
walls
the
jy
Man
ceilings. Any
of
addition
made
PAINTING.
between
difference
distemper
painting
colors
mixed
are
be
may
dry pigments.^
DISTEMPER
The
shade
is
oil
in
that
with
size
painting
latter
the
and
water,
and
the
instead
of oil.
this
for
Size
of
boiling pieces
and
animals,
answer
in
colors
dry
foundation
white
used
base
or
distemper
used
is
the
glue will
amateur.
in
painting
oil, while
instead
whiting
under
comes
painting, and
The
connection.
lime
of
solution
a
to
of
are
the
of
lead.
Kalsomining
walls
solution
the
by
skins
the
or
of the
purpose
colors
same
; but
made
generally
evaporating
every
The
is
parchment,
consistency
proper
the
work
any
be
noticed
requisite is
clean.
If
part, it
must
perfectly
on
first
will
head
the
there
be
be
to
of
temper
dis-
in
this
have
the
grease
scraped,
or
and
Man
Every
60
vent
plaster
Coloring
from
while
applied
thereby
former
in
the
only
long
so
as
bound
are
the
is
quite wet, and
dry, and
is
plaster
the
which
of
action
the
withstands
the
whilst
it,
sizing with
the
is
latter
the
as
with
when
applied
differs
distemper
is
plaster
incorporated
is
colors
work
painting, inasmuch
fresco
lasts
coats.
distemper
the
ing
discolor-
and
striking out
from
dampness
tho
atmosphere.
I
believe
with
it is
generally
admixture
judicious
a
colors, red, blue,
be
can
and
produced,
tints
The
color
called
small
a
years,
only,
method
primitive
white,
especially the
various
are
French
gray
of
quantity
the
was
the
shades
in demand
most
is made
indigo
tint
any
white
the
to
ing
add-
by
paint.
distemper
It
of
yellow, and
of drabs, which
that
understood,
practice
of
to
lay distemper
as
in
is
oil
to
painters
colors
painting
pass
the
;
brush
until
evenly,
but
the
in
every
of
one
late
way
present
indis-
Own
His
criminate
direction,
A
appearance.
is
surface
is called
struck
lightly
face
The
with
twelve
room
as
attending
expense
follows
half
Ten
pounds
half
fifteen
for
taining
obThe
end
of
a
perfectly flat
a
handle.
the
of
kalsomining
be
may
summed
a
up
:
One
One
by
solid
more
the
conveniently shaped
and
state
stippling.
with
large hog's-hair brush,
a
method
recent
object
that
in
gives it
more
like
the
61
it
leaving
considered
it is
which
Painter.
pound
whiting
pound
Whitewash
at
25
at
three
glue
glue,
"
cents
extra
cents
to
0. 12
pound
per
per
side
pound
.0.30
.
walls
0.12
brush
1.00
$1.54
brush
The
on
this
room,
account
price
cents
as
should
the
sum
yellow, red,
form
any
when
being uninjured,
is of
the
be
actual
green,
Ten
be
only
taken
into
work,
making
cents
etc., in
tint.
to
of
cost
deducted,
total.
desired
not
course
used
its
fifty-four
worth
dry
and
of blue,
colors, will
Every
62
PAINT
A
FOR
in
paint,
Chocolate,
of three
half
fences,
a
a
Put
half
and
add
be
may
of
to
and
a
with
outbuildings,
made
it well
of
lump
follows
as
lime
good
sufficient
it
; stir
every
in
to
water
with
lime
a
a
:
clean
make
flattened
dissolved,
is
:
50
lbs.
mineral
50
lbs.
whiting,
50
lbs.
road
thick
barrels
in
mixed
for
paint
bushel
a
whitewash
add
Then
Brown,
each, for two
"When
durable
cheap paint
until
stick
it is sold
pound.
of
shades
Ked,
or
etc.
But
thin
Yellow,
pounds
very
tioned
men-
Fire-proof
several
are
namely,
per
barrel, and
a
called
Slate, etc., and
cents
oil it is
is
There
hundred
before
paint, not
pages,
paint.
OUTBUILDINGS.
AND
durable
these
Mineral
this
BARNS
and
cheap
Man
paint
at
at
two
two
and
a
half
$1.25
cents
1. 00
cents
dust, finely sifted
add
linseed
oil,and
paste, being careful
; then
thin
00
to
to
the
mix
the
have
jxroper
mass
it well
to
a
gamated
amal-
consistency
His
for
with
spreading
buttermilk
small
quantities
to
ingredients
also
be
improved
of
extent
gallon
at
of
FOR
pounds
and
lampblack,
and
boiled
a
Clean
coat
This
churn,
in
for
addition
the
will
paint
covering
regards
chrome
green,
a
great
of
one
a
When
paint.
ounce
one
of chrome
ounce
little
green
railing well,
prominent
the
FENCES.
bronze
nice
iron
of this
one
IRON
oil, adding
very
the
over
addmg
of soft soap.
two
with
the
from
assimilate.
surface, by
PAINT
Mix
by
time, to give chance
a
as
63
brush,
the
fresh
sweet
the
Painter.
Own
and
not
parts with
yellow,
dryer,
Japan
will
result.
apply
a
good
quite dry, rub
gold
bronze.
(See Bronzing.)
WHITEWASH.
A
adding
good
to
whitewash
fresh
for
slaked
walls
lime
is
and
made
water
by
a
64
Every
of starch,
solution
of dissolved
starch
while
salt
and
from
the
heat
add
the
desired, but
the
Paris
and
to
to
make
of
pail
to
full of hot
the
wall
touch
particularto
top and
then
bottom
hang
follows
:
a
the
tint
be
may
added
of
if
colors, such
WALLS
of
to
whitewash
every
walls
dissolved
Apply
paper,
yellow
avoided.
stick
; allow
then
;
poisonous
ounces
with
warm
slaking
the
FOR
water.
the
into
is
latter
while
be
pax^er
by adding eight
the
Colors
use.
should
green,
drops
whole
the
pour
remove
use
few
gruel, adding
while
SIZING
Size
thin
engendered
and
as
a
water
mixture,
the
tc
bluing
a
bluing.
or
boiling,
lime
the
little salt, and
a
indigo
the
Boil
Man
the
is made
glue
to
a
preparation
brush,
being
part, especially the
it to
using
dry
a
little and
paste made
as
His
PASTE
For
a
Painter.
which
will
four
paper,
This
should
batter
with
clear
cold
vessel
full
of
vessel
containing
be
observed
white
occurs,
and
a
add
ing flocked
the
be
is
as
to
the
boiling water
in
the
will be
swell
the
found, suitable
not
as
can
with
hangings
method
certain
5
Some
of
good
resin,
flour
scalded
injury
Another
When
paste, others
the
its
boiling water,
when
alum
of
will
to
occur
frequently experienced
paper
and
hanging.
paper
that
no
will
it will
yellowish hue.
a
of
to
found
paste.
paste, but
hand,
a
batter, large enough
paste
alum
well, and
as
paper,
in
smooth
it will
stick
having
a
stop pouring
description
persons
but
to
stiff
a
and
at
batter
the
change
fine
for any
will bo
into
Then,
water
boiling
that
color
this
beaten
water.
the
flour
of
nine
or
batter, stirring it briskly, and
the
upon
be
pails full,pour
two
contain
require eight
pounds
sufficient.
Gl"
HANGING.
PAPER
FOR
room
pieces of
Own
the
use-
or
resin
making
results, is to
Every
66
mix
flour
the
of
over
cold
water
heat
milk, and
slow
a
and
Man
it to
off, all
Paris,
paper
or
cracks
filled
with
allowed
time
previously spoken
as
a
and
of
sharp pair
from
on
flocked
the
Now,
having
it
apply
face
the
the
wall
cut
the
paper
on
it
evenly
place
it in
press
it
and
a
brush
as
position
gently
the
down
quickly
on
to
as
sizing,
then
with
blank
strips
blank
; or,
be
strip
if
heavy
and
cut
overlapping.
or
paste
will
the
length desired,
table
with
paste
lap
without
a
;
the
should
edges
whitewash
common
the
forming
down
then
paper,
wall
plaster of
the
cut
on
put
dry,
the
whitewash
of, applied
of the
both
paper,
paper
lay
side
other
the
to
scissors
left side
the
have
is to
old
the
cleaned,
scraped
boiling point,
PAPER.
first consideration
well
the
tency
consis-
fire.
HANGING
The
the
to
board,
brush
answer,
;
and
or
ing
spread-
possible.
Then
the
wall, beginning
the
same,
with
a
a
to
damp
VIII.
CHAPTEE
draining.
'N
describing
the
of wood,
grain
simplest, that
readily
may
the
without
oil
or
for if not
easily
done
over
at
page
distemper,
satisfied
off
washed
Surfaces
with
used
colors
The
on
of
I will
mention
the
imitating
execute
of
array
fail'
a
only
the
the
art
in
uninitiated
tools
the
specimen,
employed
by
professionalgrainer.
the
in
methods
in
graining
the
with
with
latter
the
be
may
mixed
being preferable,
first
water,
attempt,
the
and
it
is
work
again.
to
least
be
two
51, tinted
grained
coats
as
of
follows
should
paint,
:
be
as
painted
described
Man
Every
yellow ochre,
with
medium
For
the
last
made
"
coat,
that
"flat
Take
MIXTURE
spread
with
mixture
not
will not
make
the
IN
DISTEMPER.
be
graining
in
rub
only
a
a
"
or
as
and
applied
with
small
distemper
graining
portion
colors
comb
a
evenly
or
by grainas
possible;
at
dry quickly.
made
going
sponge,
panel
of
or
brush
bristle
termed
a
enna,
si-
ale,beer,
with
with
smooth
as
be
it may
the
"
mix
and
mixture
ochre, burnt
yellow
Then
sugar.
the
on
of
umber,
raw
vinegar and
for
egg-shell gloss,"
"
an
equal parts
and
over
be
color, should
ground
thereby
GRAINING
or,
little
a
dirty.
appear
"
and
color.
graining
and
umber
cream
or
with
the
absorbed,
ers,
the
to
dry
to
oak, add
shade
red
The
little umber
a
color.
dark
Venetian
paint
color.
cream
oak, add
69
white
the
nice
a
shade
cream
For
to
Painter.
tint
light-colored oak,
For
to
Own
His
time,
a
Then
leather
or
Every
70
comb
the
manner
draw
wiping
lightly
surface
the
Proceed
lines.
be
to
parts
wood
as
etc.,
but
and
as
would
tend
deem
it
extras.
as
result.
overgrain,
blend
in
this
grained,
near
will
work
to
a
to
and
work
a
again,
lightly
the
very
and
all
the
fair
of
description
embarrass
the
to
stain,
these
upon
the
real
of
piece
and
amateur,
extend
brush
heavy
over
by imitating
by
done,
professional grainer
mottle,
judicious
the
manner
right
this
soften
or
soft
figures
;
brush,
the
of
the
or
over
possible,
A
of
mixture
comb
in
piece
a
grain
bristle
fiat
thin
a
fine
graining
again
thumb
graining
the
pass
with
over
the
out
heavy
zigzag
a
steel
panel
ing
draw-
by
in
finer
with
the
the
surface
whole
over
make
hand,
a
then
;
folded
muslin
the
the
over
grain
coarse
with
direction
same
the
over
then
;
comb
or
inake
percha,
gutta
Man
would
glaze,
processes
I
do
not
these
Own
His
OAK
Melt
linseed
and
small
a
thin
pigments
a
m
as
similar
Maple.
"
and
of
Other
manner,
varying
best
the
graining
ground
and
ground
color
is
maple
made
a
with
light
dyke
Van-
red
and
low,
yel-
brown,
Vandyke
and
sienna.
Rosewood.
of
ground
Grain
"
Indian
vermilion, then
Black
and
for
Venetian,
graining mixture,
burnt
same
imitated
are
the
it,
sienna.
raw
Ground
"
with
suit
to
and
woods
little
a
the
using
above.
brown,
in
colors
graining
The
Mahogany.
beeswax
turpentine,
mixture
graining
cream,
the
with
OIL.
IN
piece
oil, mix
7!
Painter.
red
glaze
Walnut.
white.
with
"
Grain
burnt
umber,
lightened
over
with
Ground
with
over
a
little with
a
carmine
or
color, burnt
burnt
umber.
dilute
with
lake.
umber
STAINING.
Take
water
;
nitric
acid
wash
the
and
wood
over
with
ten
parts
it, using
a
72
Every
of
sponge
that
the
acid
This
will
piece
To
tied
produce
wood
carmine
or
fine
with
beautiful
a
wood
drab
light
a
brush
dipped
spatter the ground
against
imitation, and
Brown
imitated
is
Stone,
a
by coating
then
in
white
thick
the
a
paint
it,by striking the
small
Portland
take
ground,
with
very
color.
over.
in
This
paint.
walnut
held
again
it
over
will
GRANITE.
over
stick
a
spattered
well
black
glaze with
turpentine
varnished
OF
and
with
color.
and
black
be
must
paint
go
hands.
finish, grain the
umber,
thinned
stiff
spots,
car"
lake.
Prepare
When
use
the
on
mahogany
burnt
IMITATION
brush
get
rosewood
with
pine
Stained
stick, and
a
not
a
a
Asphaltum
stain
to
does
produce
stained
Man
in
the
will
the
hand.
white
manner
the
required
process.
Stone,
work
fine
same
give
simple
left
over
"c,
with
may
be
clear
His
shade
oil color, the
or
Own
desired, and
white
clean
dashing
73
Painter.
sand
sea
then
sifting
it.
over
SMALTING.
Smalts
of
various
being
the
colors
two
colored
on,
used,
and
neatly, and
sifted
sign
to
with
then
lie in
to
of the
smalts
superabundant
sign
off
smalts,
with
and
to
until
the
ciently
suffi-
raised
soft
the
side
out-
smalts
when
a
a
letter
paint, allowing
retain
; dust
smalts
the
position
the
mix
each
sieve
put
sable-hair
a
horizontal
a
perpendicularly
completed.
fine
a
fresh
the
to
on
dry
all
with
surface
whole
the
bo
Then
letters, cutting around
of the
are
possible, and
a
lead
or
of the
color
If
painted
must
gilded.
the
near
be
white
letters
outlined
as
pencil paint
of
coats
green,
used.
it must
smalted,
the
as
and
commonly
; then
paint
roughly
be
three
or
stiff oil color
be
most
is to
blue
black,
substance
other
glass, or
colors,
signboard
with
ground
are
brush
work
i?
74
Every
Flockings
used
in
is
the
retail for
manner
dollar
They
smalts.
as
pound,
average.
imitation
is
per
is
wool, and
finely powdered
a
same
one
Man
MARBLING.
A
fine white
marble
work
the
painting
finishing it
China
with
and
hard
rub
fine
pumice-stone
well, and
the
black
allow
shades,
crayon
irregular
varnish
;
brush
varnish,
disturb
the
being
streaking the
hair
soft
coat
of
A
fine
form
to
careful
very
the
white
not
to
figures.
variegated
surface
form
very
light
near
desired.
used
a
with
candle
to
a
dry
clean, dry
veins
with
then
smoked
or
be
also
paint,
when
wash
smoke
apply
Damar
Black
the
by
smooth
lighted
a
tints, and
may
lines
until
water,
holding
surface,
various
and
lead
Then
gloss.
surface
the
then
white
with
made
marble
with
colors
is
made
mixed
by
with
IX.
CHAPTEE
(SilbitlJJ.
'OLD
leaf
procured
be
may
at any
ply
sup-
store, in books, containing twenty
leaves, each
five
sZ""
price
The
out
is beaten
degree
with
is
of thinness,
a
inches
book
per
writing
this
three
fifty cents.
rendering
time
the
at
hammer
square,
The
to
a
its
use
of
gold
surprising
matter
a
difficultyto the inexperienced.
of
letters, or
"When
surface,
very
delicate
waste,
the
leaf will
(76)
gilded,
operation
in the
gilder; and
be
to
are
ornamental
same
the
be
to
work
it will
be
the
gold
lay
as
manner
a
following method
best
for
on
the
flat
a
found
a
without
professional
of
preparing
beginner.
Pro-
cure
a
clean
over
on
one
of
sheet
be
must
the
received
has
paper
this the
gold
will adhere.
be
into
squares
cut
leaf; then
gold
and
gold
the
on
for
ready
will
used
To
on
in
the
we
when
is
"
the
finger
left hand,
gilded
will
side
and
to
secured
Leaf.
the
whole
may
to
When
"
placed directly
the
the
work.
tissue
The
laid
is, when
dry, but
it, it
upon
paper
right gently
the
been
have
it, it appears
over
take
with
and
paper
form, is tacky, that
is
paper
the
tissue
suppose
gently
sticky," we
thus
of
again.
over
desired
by rubbing
tissue
the
Prepared
this
use
which
size
and
over
and
book
the
wTith
to
the
than
of the
Continue
use.
twenty-five leaves,
be
be
;
then
must
larger
open
side
the
coating
paper
little
waxed
which
gold,
The
and
surface, until
even
carefully
the
lay
an
a
paper
board
the
over
it
or
wax,
The
smooth
a
briskly
rubbed
wax
on
of white
answer.
77
rub
and
paper
piece
a
will
placed
Painter.
tissue
with
side
beeswax
common
Own
IIis
Man
Every
in
press
tne
the
operator will be
78
Every
able
to
where
see
the
on
of
parts
saving
of
slightest trace
For
the
leaf
To
do
raise
large
work
may
be
not
laid
close
to
in
this
the
book
work
leaf
gold
be
leaf
the
across
wipe
;
the
!"ecured
A
then
work
by
the
the
wind,
the
book.
hand,
head,
with
over,
on
a
to
bunch
remove
same
work
ward,
uptinue
Con-
is
pleted.
com-
laid
end
of
and
the
the
to
small
the
edge
size.
been
adhere
any
the
the
the
has
front
its
on
the
leaf will
carefully placed
covered
thereby
left
the
roll
until
the
superfluous gold
on
the
from
with
size, slightly moisten
by rubbing
to
in
gently
manner
When
it
carefully,then, holding
the
the
mains
re-
without
gold,
directly
pointing downward,
leaving
fit best,
exposed
the
leaf
paper
gold
place
can
it will
of
the
joining being perceptible.
this, take
a
book
that
particle
every
and
paper
work
of
portion
any
waxed
the
Man
upon
finger
pieces
of
it and
can
spots
not
of cotton
all the
gently
gold
not
size.
preliminary
process
of
laying gold having
Own
His
been
I
unnoticed,
When
be
must
prepared,
sticking
This
to
any
is done
in
wash
the
in
cut
potatoe
is
method
as
when
watery
a
a
film
o:f
But
workmen
first-class
by
on
with
is anti-adhesive.
dry,
employed
putting
surface
the
of
solution
before
dry
rub
paiuters
follows.
Tie
of
to
size.
with
thin
a
from
gold
Some
slices, forming
starch, which,
the
the
ways.
it.
gilded, it
covered
not
with
Others
be
to
prevent
over
it
mention
now
is
various
surface
size.
to
part
starch, allowing
the
will
surface
painted
a
79
Painter.
in
np
piece
a
with
which
over,
and
upon
it, which
the
thin
a
of the
The
gold.
when
and
is laid.
If the
the
the
when
tacky"
in
is not
the
work
too
a
pounced
or
is
now
the
the
the
be
on
gold
state
rough
gold
left
sion
adhe-
put
proper
will
dry
bag,"
powder
is
sizing
it is."
size
gold,
or
of
quantity
"pounce
daubed
is
coating
a
effectually prevents
desired,
unsightly,
surface
small
a
whiting, forming
common
receive
of muslin
as
leaf
to
and
will not
Eyery
80
adhere
be
it.
to
is
gilding
chamois
of
to
is to
gilding
color
dusted
with
over
be
done
on
it is best
to
size, but
the
to
when
water,
the
soft
a
surface.
the
dry
preventives may
using* afterwards
light-colored surface,
dry
the
off, with
completed,
skin
When
Either
cleaned
easily
Man
for
whiting,
a
white
add
a
little
grounds
dark
color
no
or
be
will
necessary.
Silver
it is
with
leaf
not
also
is
beaten
thin
so
in
up
books,
but
be
handled
it may
as
less trouble.
Dutch
Metal
is
leaf,worthless
for theatres
Gilding
Therefore
I will
size used
white
of
leaf is
generally
an
painter, except
Glass.
on
This
"
Carriage
"
only
is
eggt
work.
or
clear
on
is
with
fully
Manual."
Painters'
mention
gold
in scenery
process
dissolved
laid
of camels'-hair
of
imitation
poor
cheap temporary
or
in the
The
a
to the
explained
.ayer
put
it here.
isinglass,or
The
water.
a
glued between
"tip
"
two
the
gold
(a
thin
cards.
)
Own
His
Frames.
Picture
Gilding
connected
with
Painter.
the
the
such
finish
be
etc., cannot
best
of
any
le
may
gilding
; but
burnishing, matting,
as
and
produced,
work
such
leave
to
such
"
is not
art
articles
painters' method
the
fine
This
"
painter's business, in
particular, although
gilded by
81
it is therefore
with
the
frame
powder
made
and
gilder.
moulding
BRONZING.
Gold
grinding gold
washing
and
used
bronze
for
leaf, and
the
over
bag.
In
leaf
put
size
with
good
and
used
in
the
the
honey,
same
as
a
velvet
or
it is used
dry color, being mixed
when
its
; but
used
various
ornamental
in
metallic
that
colored
work.
way.
bronze
And
by
and
sediment.
by dusting
on
cases
turpentine
and
foil in
or
is
it is
fine
a
drying
some
as
manner
so
is
Bronze
then
The
that
size
for
gold
it
rubbing
or
plush
in
pounce
the
with
lustre
same
varnish
is not
Silver, copper,
powders
some
are
ve^y
82
Every
Man
*"#
9
84
Every
line
of
specimens
powders
pnt
on
Man
work
stencil
over
with, bronze
done
are
plates.
STENCILING.
this
By
the
art
work
articles
pattern
bars
leaving
in the
upon
a
with
the
be
may
Fold
fold
to hold
penknife.
used
in
a
lead
the
design
then
;
and
cut
out
similar
Patterns
oil
ornamenting
for
floors, curtains, borders
lay
a
pencil,
ing
allowof
centre
wish,
you
parts together,
glass
The
are,
paper,
form
any
herewith
of
piece
the
the
to
sketch
; then
engraving
stencil
a
writing-paper,
of the
edge
mental
orna-
economically.
making
sharp penknife.
a
the
the
in
required
execute
may
and
quickly
of well-sized
sheet
and
painter
as
seen
the
paper
the
figure
these
to
cloths, painted
walls, and
other
purposes.
make
To
take
the
stencil
cut
out
for
two
or
figure stencil,and
whole
piece of
another
then
a
paper,
the
mark
parts
it
desired
more
colors,
laying
it
carefullyaround
to
be
shown
on
;
in
His
the
color, leaving
one
with
stencil
Then
again
another
on
stencil
covered
have
the
by
work,
one
figure or
when
thus
and
pattern,
partly
the
put
they
may
cut
parts
will
you
other, will form
the
figure
stenciling, and
last
over
the
all but
out
uncut.
whole
also
stencils, which
two
parts
the
sheet, and
; cut
85
other
brush
a
that
over
Painter.
Own
the
on
the
whole
be
plied
multi-
indefinitely.
Another
method
of
reverse
with
the
of the
it out
not
the hole
in
thin
paste
or
glass,having
a
white
paint
pounce
When
the
blade
of
will
be
found
as
dry,
a
figure
before
as
stick
the
and
plete,
com-
;
then
to
paper
part well pressed down
brush
is
raise
knife
imitating
figure,
the
paper
with
it
in
desired
gum,
stencil
"stipple"
over.
the
every
with
used
saving
paper,
then
or
is
the
Draw
th"
stenciling, nearly
above,
glass.
ground
cut
the
of
the
the
the
paper
it, and
defined
in
of the
end
termed,
under
clearly
dipped
on
;
thick
brush,
glass
all
by putting
the
the
figure
glass
Every
86
Lines
or
stripes
edge
of
the
white
paint
"
Man
glass by
with
scraping
stick
a
added
be
may
drawn
arouni
the
through
the
along
rule
a
or
straight edge."
TRANSFERRING.
Transferring pictures
is
surfaces
beautiful
white
jobs
is
process
lay
on
an
varnish
dry
as
if for
The
Lay
the
lay
the
press
and
allow
by
many
The
it.
should
ground
be
varnished
smoothly
of
and
;
riage
light-colored car-
it
to
make
set
(nearly
as
it
quite
some
from
varnish
to be
face
all
down
over.
If
prepared.
in
wet
colored, clear
water
smooth
be
now
it between
paper,
it
and
coat
if not
the
";emove
The
:
even
must
print,
water, but
executed
painted
gilding).
paper
colored
be
may
follows
as
to
paper
easily acquired,
light colored
or
then
art
an
from
old
salt
will
water
newspapers,
its surface.
Now,
a
and
swer.
an-
to
posing
sup-
set, carefully
sufficiently
upon
When
it, and
this
gently
is
done,
Own
His
it
allow
then
stand
to
It
finger.
rolls ; and
carefully
paper
will
bo
found
this
wetting
continued
paper
is
found
intact
be
varnished
some
oil
be
may
and
the
the
paint.
then
almost
equal
be
whole
of
the
picture
will
It
out
to
beauty.
to
glass
an
on
in the
the
back
an
imperishable
oil
painting
in
be
then
must
its
colored
colors, forming
the
small
in
np
,
and
must
transferred
and
dry
with
rubbing
the
bring
is
water
roll
to
when
to
over
manner,
with
upon
cold
by rubbing
until
removed,
Pictures
with
paper
the
begin removing
varnish
the
until
the
dampen
87
Painter.
ture,
pic-
point
of beautv.
DECALCOMANIE.
This
is another
method
pictures being prepared
The
varnish
and
arc
can
for sale.
used
be
The
of
transferring, the
expressly
is called
procured
face
of
cementing
where
the
for the
the
picture
pose.
pur-
nish,
var-
pictures
is coated
Evert
88
with
over
directly
the
down
paper,
and
the
from
A
the
for
a
and
can
This
varnish.
picture,
glass, and
this
of
which
are
are
this
the
the
price attached,
paper
picture
intact.
varnish
the
in
outside
picture
china
will
ware,
every
work.
The
is
dealers.
frequently
pictures
leaf
this
in
have
on
art
pictures, witk
the
the
ornamented
artist's
gold
student
from
be
is
called
with
the
Decalcomanie
with
of
injure
carriages
on
is
varnish
picture
finest
It
Vases,
may
process.
catalogues
pages.)
it.
the
covered
best, and
entire
purchased
not
boxes
work
ornamental
by
the
all
under
and
appearance
be
does
and
fancy
manner,
done
the
brush.
removes
varnish
the
soft
the
dampen
superabundant
with
"detergent,"
or
the
it
by lifting one
slowly raising
applied
of the
removal
its
begin
placed
Press
then
work,
surface, leaving
solvent
next
desired.
place
the
to
and
corner
it is then
varnish, and
upon
gently
Man
the
may
size
back
cure
proand
(See other
Own
His
TRANSPARENT
Painter.
the
by
SHADES.
small
muslin
small
little
a
of
piece
will
article
soft.
the
Then
white
a
is
turpentine,
and
set
aside
an
The
applied
the
to
quickly
on
used
are,
Umber,
Ultramarine,
Sienna,
Asphaltum,
Drop
and
the
coating
to
a
latter
and
pliable
of this
dry.
oil, diluted
whole
and
with
part
or
smoothly
as
to
Ivory Black,
or
Verdigris,
Green,
Paris
and
which
into
;
a
surface.
transparent
even,
colors
linseed
mix
glue
muslin
even
desired, laying it
ensure
soap
and
of pure
coat
white
bar
the
paste,
thin
musliD,
a
flour
it
secure
Then
edge.
dissolved
render
Spread
over
fine
and
frame
a
the
of
quantity
Is added
on
around
tacking
MUSLIN
ON
PAINTING
WINDOW
Stretch
89
any
other
ent
transpar-
colors.
An
small
the
as
outline
pencil, with
colors
more
of
may
or
less
be
the
design
black
or
is
drawn
umber,
applied, more
transparency
or
after
with
a
which
less diluted,
is desired.
Every
00
In
the
general
the
should
colors
brightest
first, and
applied
Man
be
shades
darker
ovef
them.
These
soft
should
colors
brushes,
and
should
best
way
dark, the
too
stick
before
in
similar
a
is
This
a
pearl
at
be
art, and
useful
for
the
manner.
table
boxes,
heavy
flowing
coat
it is
dry,
of
supply store,
until
then
with
they
level
are
colors, form
pearl
allowing
the
flower
leaf, and
to
and
shade
with
leaves
form
by coating
black
Japan
flakes
some
procure
the
all up
sewing
tops,
work
surface, pressing them
paint
or
may
the
black
a
lantern
Prepare
the
with
off
scrape
made
magic
the
of
before
then
the
a
be
gets dry.
etc.
machines,
with
evenly,
part
any
is to
beautiful
ornamentation
it with
color
for
slides
Glass
done
the
laid
be
lay
of
them
on
the
also
into
the
surface
and
;
;
flowers,
body
nicely.
of
the
Every
92
with
black
stick
in
be
their
draw
it
manner
that
the
then
and
of the
taken
to
to make
too
quickly
vine
will
and
the
done,
the
be
the
in
found
and
ink,
each
the
paper,
receive
to
off
blending
the
leaf,
white
pure
fine
must
with
pattern
edges
of
a
Continue
remove
forms
take
care
brush
of ink.
of
centre
ink,
and
;
will
to
cause
all, leaves, pins,
; when
leaves,
will
the
small
a
bristles
paper
overload
over
most
none
the
upon
.across
released
This
large drops
the
allowing
the
ink
not
spattering
to
a
original position.
spatter
be
writing ink,
such
bent,
Man
pins
and
stem
and
on
a
tinted
ground.
The
and
added,
with
around
This
a
the
cut
if
used
be
may
figures
be
in
leaves
of
out
desired,
vines
and
paper
as,
an
old
style
of
picture
and
wood
for
may
archway
frame
is
sometimes
a
cross,
neatly arranged
with
new,
forms
original ornament.
again,
over
instance,
leaves
it,or
rustic
and
over
trailingvines.
and
a
when
very
put
some
hand-
Own
His
It
is
flower
PAINTING
FLOWER
customary
to
pots
the
but
would
for the
purpose,
has
injurious
flowers
rich
brown,
umber
or
color
of
green
richer
the
and
half
three
stand
in
one
best
to
to
are
and
flower
choose
the
be
castile
of
and
soap
and
wax
the
to
the
white
of
the
will
leaves
to
walnut
and
the
appear
eye.
MAHOGANY.
ounces
twenty-four
gill
well,
FOR
of
wax
harmonize
pleasing
Shave
the
of the
a
black
plants
more
ounce
put
paint
colors
chocolate, oak,
will
POLISH
Take
flowers
the
color
the
Therefore, when
;
feature.
prominent
A
if
that
the
it will be
color
green
advise
upon
-which
on
brilliancy of
effect
painted,
color,
dull
the
leaves.
is to be
stand
a
and
stands
bright
a
ne-ver
as
93
STANDS.
paint
stand,
to
are
artist
an
Painter.
soap
; then
and
when
one
and
gillof
one
turpentine
hours
water,
wax,
very
and
boil the
a
pentine.
tur-
fine,
let
it
soap
thoroughly
Every
94
dissolved, put the
this
the
over
Man
aud
wood,
fine
a
; rub
together
mixtures
two
will
polish
be
produced.
POLISH
Take
strip
a
and
long
two
the
to
form
Then
rubbing.
boiled
few
with
and
oil
in
this
fine
a
varnish
polish
as
should
every
with
end
time
the
wood
renewing
requires,
a
the
until
a
is obtained.
furniture
be
other
while
same
Rub
manner,
occasion
VARNISHING
When
flat
the
varnish.
circular
the
it with
the
at
and
smoothly
hold
to
a
the 'same
of
beyond
saturate
shellac
of
drops
extend
to
it into
roll
end
one
yards
frwo
piece
oil, adding
linseed
and
wide,
handle
a
cloth
another
tie
cloth
the
WOOD.
woollen
roll, covering
allowing
end
of
inches
tight roll, then
over
FOR
FURNITURE.
requires re-varnishing,
thoroughly
part with
cleaned,
pulverized
by
puinice
it
rubbing
stone
and
Own
His
water
the
then
;
varnish,
to
spread
vessel
laid
as
obtained
for
easily
with
;
warm
room.
the
if found
brush,
a
a
from
but
fire, being
the
near
use
in
on
dried,
and
careful
thick
too
the
set
store,
varnish
that
it
may
ignite.
not
it
rub
varnish
the
Put
surface
varnished
If
it.
leaving
requisite
small
better
to
and
pits
or
the
than
imperfections,
on
which
brush
after
of
coat
to
to
coat,
and
flow
bles
bub-
to
the
the
once
varnish
polish,
with
over
each
air
touch
desired
rubbed
between
small
and
nicely
net
one
the
until
no
Do
produce
water,
ground
coat.
are
with
be
plcntifuUy
brush
there
more
should
surface
the
surface.
the
on
stone
and
down,
quite
on
with
lightly
levelled
is
be
ready
generally
95
washed
well
should
varnish
Furniture
is
when
Painter.
the
pumice
remove
form
ing
succeed-
a
Every
96
Man
WAXING
Furniture
beeswax
of
the
with
a
a
Kub
fine
of
it
cork
until
to
use
when
the
water,
woollen
whiting
then
rag
rub
for
the
of
a
to
all that
with
obtained.
is
polish
at
any
it will
cork, and
are
quently
fre-
being varnished,
ready
process
for
is
work
briskly
Coffins
new.
as
immediate
is finished.
PAINT.
CLEAN
on
added
the
gloss
the
and
rubbing
TO
Take
with
instead
quickly done,
rub
a
repair
when
as
waxed,
it is
this
over
then
and
briskly
well
as
appear
prefer
and
mixture
rag,
If it is necessary
time, rub
oi
turpentine, is
of
the
woollen
piece
solution
easily repaired
melted,
wax
quantity
required.
many
it is
as
a
bruised.
or
ounces
double
and
turpentine,
if scratched
with
coated
varnishing,
to
Two
be
may
in
method
FURNITURE.
dish
the
paint
a
rubber,
and
over
and
moisten
with
wash
it with
it, using
off clean
a
Own
His
with
Cold
water.
for
rubbing
Take
for
white
outside
small
tea
FOR
lead
work,
in
it
give
for
paint
and
white
color
any
used
lead
farm
the
in
Combination
place
and
other
"dead,"
be
found
and
a
reaping
this
to
very
chines,
ma-
etc.
wagons,
durability,
suitable
Prussian
of
blue
tained,
is ob-
shade
be
gives
will
in
be
may
Blue.
(See
of Colors.)
PAINT
Paint
base
add
carriage varnish
mowing
that
directed
as
desired
it will
plows, harrows,
The
lent
excel-
Prussian
time,
a
little
a
same
oil, etc.; then
the
gloss, and
a
durable
at
add
the
mix
with
oil,until
then
also
are
TOOLS.
FARM
and
quantities
ground
grounds
cleaning paint.
or
PAINT
97
Painter.
for
MACHINERY.
FOR
stationary engines, laths, planers,
machines, should
and
be
varnished,
7
be
if
mixed
a
to
dry
good job
is
Every
98
desired
and
;
full
VI.
the
reader
directions
hurried
cheap,
is the
Green
color,
ornamentation
color,
light brown
it
at
in
has
short
a
used
black,
latter
is used,
the
given, by
which
in
and
mixture
work,
a
with
(which
as
if
nery,
machi-
gold
or
cheap
a
ing
stencil-
FIXTURES.
and
"
coated
with
lampblack
one
time.
for
with
directed
as
been
this
IX.
quick-drying
work
vinegar
the
gloss
chairs, tables, bedsteads,
For
mix
varnish
HOUSEHOLD
FOR
PAINT
the
be
Chapter
process,
;
striped
may
color, in
dry
apply
dry
; if the
For
and
commonly
or
bronze
or
will
most
trimmed,
the
Chapter
paint.
any
varnish,
and
and
application,
such
mix
work,
color
the
mix
in
find
will
to
carriage rubbing
gives
Man
old
elsewhere,
dead
;" then,
ale, beer,
has
sponge
should
graining
be
it.
will
dry,
with
been
solved,
dis-
in
quite thick)
This
when
or
dipped
a
ing
mak-
is
and
over
little sugar
a
etc., mix
the
streak
dry
in
a
100
"
Every
straight edge
stick
pointed
"
the
mark
writing
on
pinholes
line.
sheet
of white
color
from
a
will be
found
the
in
signs
to
The
walls.
preserved,
over
for
be
a
or
done
over
upon
a
it any
dry
bag,"
and
perfect duplicate
This
paper.
in
alike,
be
may
cess
pro-
lettering when
or
patterns should
they
make
used
for
menting
orna-
be
fully
care-
over
and
again.
When
with
oyer
pounce
white
METHOD.
ANOTHER
thin
then
"
copying,
are
pencil,
possible,
as
dust
pattern
on
is useful
several
and
mushn
the
lifting
upon
lead
pricked pattern
paper,
small
a
and
paper,
the
a
ETC.
together
Lay
with
lines.
with
design
close
as
every
clear
drawing
or
and
glass
ORNAMENTS,
desired
the
the
across
POUNCING
Draw
Man
the
paper,
a
design
rub
paste
the
made
has
back
with
drawn
been
of
the
tallow
on
drawing
and
dry
quite
over
color
Own
His
such
red, lampblack,
Indian
as
lead, leaving enough
it ; then
cover
holding
marks
it
color
work
a
where
perfect
copy.
the
the
This
Walls
IN
material,
woven
fine effect
passed
and
cheap
paint,
and
nice
make
another
or
allowed
a
page.
be
making
may
be
the
back
OF
used
over
DAMASK.
imitate
to
coats
of leaves,
pounce
This
wall
is to
be
a
must
as
or
be
draw
scrolls.
shown
pounced
very
lead
Then
flowers,
pattern,
and
of white
harden.
to
in
produced
The
three
the
transfer.
manner.
design,
The
to
over,
painted
thus
two
pencil
particularly damask,
or
easy
with
painted
each
IMITATION
may
the
bone.
or
pattern
sometimes
are
work,
transferred
be
stick
fingers after
PAINTING
and
stick
will
the
on
trace
you
slightly
to
drawing
white
dry
or
paper
times, by slightlyrubbing
with
some
the
while
back
only
many
a
the
on
pointed
a
the
on
lay
firmly
with
101
Painter.
on
on
the
102
Every
in
wall
form
the
marked
Man
with
over
afterwards
desired, and
black
well
lead
or
crayon
pencil.
mixture
A
quick
of
quantity
give
it
melted
substance
make
it
pattern
cheap
body
color
but
;
for
be
must
some
and
made,
dry
opaque,
wall
and
then
is
or
fully
the
on
beeswax
varnish
drying
small
to
of
added
to
sufficient
not
the
lines
of
the
the
through
seen
a
paint.
Now
the
as
apply
wall, and
in
comb
then
first
from
using
"
diagonally
produces
with
pencil
smooth
the
out
parts within
will be
to
the
go
marks
the
over
a
vertical
of
appearance
the
the
Allow
"
"
left,
to
right
with
pattern
comb
flat
on
all to
days, perhaps,
it with
it
comb
Now
of
over
graining
lastly in
over
outlines.
several
paint
from
threads.
coarse
to
coarse
down
This
all
mixture
medium
right, and
cainels'-hair
which
a
left to
direction.
cloth,
this
immediately proceed
graining
"
of
coat
a
"
a
and
all
harden,
then
color,
ceed
proany
shade
tint
or
blue,
green,
Painter.
Own
His
will be
carmine,
the
wall
over
every
the
beeswax
with
white
it
to
The
wall
Then
it
surprise
pattern
not
paint,
the
only
look
do
sea
dust
and
who
many
with
"
thick
sand,
paint, allowing
Then
tinted
on
fine
fresh
hard.
paint
to
only
"
and
dry,
quite
having
smooth
will
mixed
to the
on
lay
will be
it
the
varnish
and
get perfectly
and
will
of
part
and
and
outlined, proceed
lead.
sand
loose
the
well
dried, sift
well
suitable.
painted
well
being
pattern
with
METHOD.
ANOTHER
The
tinted
"White,
desired.
or
103
off
as
the
before.
figure roughened,
well, but
not
it
understand
art.
ANOTHER
Apply
a
parts of the
in paper,
thick
coat
wall.
proceed
METHOD.
to
of
Then,
lay them
surface, pressing every
the
mixture
having
on
designs
to the
part well
to
down
all
cut
prepared
to
the
104
mixture.
gummy
on,
this
will
and
the
adhere
Paint
"
flat
"
coats, and
those
only,
rub
work.
If
places, they
file.
This
completed,
house
floor
from
require
apply
coat
a
be
method
above
may
the
FARM
is to
the
two
over
all with
over
fifth wheel
down
old
paint
be
or
barn, and
by
placing
is
raise
barrels
sandpaper
of
into
with
an
having
the
the
wheels
or
boxes
the
off
chipped
process
the
hubs,
part
every
wagon
and
half
a
smoothed
preliminary
the
clean
thoroughly
smooth
should
run
WAGON.
and
two
number
and
over
paper
to
will
paper
the
;
preparation,
first,going
A
order
dirt
and
with
then
in
best
at
PAINT
first in
grease
fresh
work
coat.
TO
The
The
the
over
ail
are
papers
with
as
over
it will be
second
the
to
covered
paint.
parts
the
before, all
as
only
parts
smooth.
with
When
sift sand
put
the
Man
Every
in
old
been
carriage
from
under
the
the
the
and
part well,
prepare
paint.
In
and
aim
decided
strong-bodied
color
compound
will
reference
by
be
while
for
best
for
browns,
the
wo
beauty,
colors.
This
may
wheels
and
part
red
or
A
for its base,
lead
white
be
III.
Chapter
running
greens,
work
than
to
having
this
rather
durability
at
select
colors
the
choosing
should
the
off every
Dust
axles.
105
Painter.
Own
His
will
;
for
answer
body.
When
color
mix
only, or
with
varnish
If the
in
required,
Now,
coating
and
and
in
the
add
put
dry
lead,
little
a
up
in
turpentine.
tin
boxes
brown
and
oil will be
Japan
be
may
paint prepared, begin by
it well
brush.
white
with
quantity of
body, laying
smoothing
a
drying.
the
having
well -bound
and
little
a
if
parts, carriage rubbing
oil, a smaller
assist
to
mixed
be
those
are
is made,
color
oil two
part,
colors
added
to
one
boiled
one
ground
of
choice
a
(A
the
with
23ainton
a
partly
flat bristle
plentifully
worn
brush
or
a
is best. )
106
Every
The
under
wheels
the
allowed
the
to
be
stand
the
of
color
proceed
with
manner
as
paint
it
appearance,
must
hair
of curled
bunch
from
varnish
"
cold
clean
it will
Then,
best
are
the
surface
give
has
or
and
time
or
with
a
glossy
with
over
a
the
prevent
it may
dried
same
harden.
to
moss,
dusted,
the
in
rubbed
near
possible.
well
to
dried
be
it, as
as
coating
color
to
with
work
crawling,"
water,
be
color
dry
second
and
be
now
(See Chapter VI.)
and
before,
should
imperfections
ground
the
if the
Now,
with
the
is done
this
When
other
putty.
putty by mixing
the
work
of work
class
this
order, finishiDg
perfectly dry.
and
filled with
In
The
until
cracks
in
next
are
lastly.
holes,
to
parts
Max
be
washed
a
chamois
with
skin.
Striping
operator
the
has
not
be
sure
painted
to
for
the
follow.
the
purpose,
By
until
attempted,
accustomed
become
pencil,by practicing
board
be
should
to
art
on
or
watching
the
a
a
the
of
use
wheel
failure
the
or
will
move-
108
Every
stone, rub
over
surface
the
pumice-stone
to
When
if any
on
barrels,
the
floor, and
with
When
this
the
on
quickly
and
varnish
you
better
dust.
evenly
get
the
work
to
have
Finish
will
The
is
"
look
for
a
it
off"
The
as
more
level, the
Be
wear.
clean
"V.)
body, laying
it flow
and
few
ticular
par-
free
from
keep
them
or
minutes,
until
the
set."
dash, if of patent
with
the
lastly,and
wheels
the
now
hard-
dry, take
"lay
have
over
should
possible.
everything
slowly revolving
varnish
and
as
and
on
paint
(Chapter
is
set
clear
may
to
color/'
freely,
as
wheels
places, it
"
surface
completed,
necessary
begin with
and
the
part
it.
is
up
Wash
from
on
remove
the
"touching
varnish
dry
process
"quick
varnish
drying
to
that
clean.
proceed
you
worn-off
or
carriage,untO
and
left to
if it be
bruised
done
as
difficult
rubbing
axles
be
be
the
the
any
off
found
it will be
smooth
appears
for
part,
of the
part
every
the
Man
the
same
leather,
varnish, if
may
be
necessary,
nished
var-
but
His
the
top
coat
of
this
with
good
little
into
curtains
or
enamelled
of
coat
neatsfoot
oil,
do
prevent
no
harm.
This
and
the
109
cleaned,
varnish
castile
leather,
to
be
and
lampblack.
the
should
easily procured,
water
warm
Painter.
leather
be
cannot
varnish,
would
Own
must
a
thin
black
a
If
applied.
wash
soap,
to
and
which
be
coat
from
the
and
leather
apply
is added
well
of
a
a
rubbed
shellac
rubbing
ofl^
Cn
gnpliratepfaslcr"mte.
PREPARING
"TJT four
hour,
an
set
until
the
pail
add
quart
one
well
in
aside
making
to
rno)
cool.
an
to let it soak
Put
water
it in
a
candy.
whole
until
"When
too
and
tin
let
pail
vessel, partly filled
a
over
thoroughly
or
half
saturated,
melted
sugar-house molasses,
hour,
and
pan
half
by frequent stirring. Allow
to boil about
as
the
a
it stand
off the
another
; set
of
; let
not
pour
until
it remain
let
in
in
about
it is soft.
water
hot
with
until
Then
long.
glue
water
being taken
care
it remain
or
COMPOSITION.
of
pounds
it with
cover
and
MOULDING
THE
it
the
gets
this
"
occurs
fire and
; then
and
mix
mixture
stringy,"
set it
His
Painter.
Own
PREPARING
The
image,
thin
oil
sweet
adhering
to
to
it should
or
be
for
board,
and
inch
one
enough
above
the
be
the
must
it may
a
well:
with
from
of
be
image, and
three
project
head
the
diameter
in
the
of
board,
paste-
or
paper
of
to
the
or
to
same,
The
composition.
placed
a
on
smooth
around
the
water-tight by
now
dry
composition
between
table
or
over
cylinder
plastering
and
with
water.
which
composition
it, when
rubbed
cylinder put
plaster-of-parisand
aside
well
larger
long
joint
made
The
to
cylinder of stiff
now
the
table
allowed
with
part.
shrinkage
must
it, and
the
a
inches
image
prevent
copied,
over
greatest projections
the
allow
be
least
at
and
be
to
coated
be
must
any
form
Now,
four
of starch
surface
its
is
whatever
plaster,)
solution
then
than
of
(if
stiould
MOULD.
THE
or
Ill
heated
be
was
previously
set
sufficientlyto liquify
poured
directly
into
the
Every
112
cylinderj until
stand
to
TO
eight
sharp
plaster
knife
being
is
careful
Now
while
knife
in
th
e
;
thus,
when
the
returned
in
be found.
the
the
parts
image
or
composition
to
every
the
are
end,
its
top
to
as
it
sharp
a
bottom
the
until
knife
composition
slowly
pattern
is
the
of either.
rubber-like
The
image.
as
line,
stick,
cylinder,
with
from
to
which
form
and
a
table
the
on
run
round
in
the
cylinder,
it,by cutting
yield
asunder
injure
and
and
large
through
centre
hard, chip
cylinder
a
this
MOULD.
base
the
composition
the
imaginary
an
will
and
to
the
in
divide
reaches
and
not
place
and
composition
imbedded,
now
THE
cold
with
then
the
slowly push
FROM
the
allow
;
harden.
to
around
between
separate them;
image
hours
being
from
filled
is
PATTERN
composition
off the
was
latter
ten
or
THE
REMOVE
The
the
Man
is
pulled
removed,
placed together,
sponding
cylinder, a cavity, corre-
detail
with
the
pattern,
wiU
Own
His
a
few
a
the
mixture
of
minutes
be
portions must
forms
and
mould,
is
set
amount
of
plaster
in, and
the
plaster flow
of the
shell
or
the
over
mould,
be
process
repeated
sufficient
the
same
part of
when
until
first
small
a
around
and
around
letting the
creamy
inner
the
surface
set, will form
becoming
thickness.
and
the
Or
the
the
poured
part of
mixed
tion
opera-
and
coating of moderate
may
"When
every
liquid
mixed
be
hands,
This
every
repeated
rolled
which,
plaster
a
again.
over
may
mould
carefully by
out
the
sufficientlyhard.
coating
and
is allowed
set," when
"
film
be
upward,
mixture
This
poured
should
must
plaster of paris poured
to
thin
a
end
open
shaken.
well
it,and
but
with
placed
cream-like
into
mould
cylinder containing the
be
now
IMAGE.
THE
CASTING
The
113
Painter.
put
in, and
a
More
the
casting has acquired
thickness.
completed,
process
as
and
the
employed
8
plaster is hard,
to
remove
the
Every
114
should
pattern
cutting, for
two
parts,
the
the
MARE
repeated,
be
repeated
ORNAMENTAL
in
thus
and
easily removed,
be
may
,he
exceptiiife
being already
composition
it will
operation
TO
be
Man
indefinitely.
WORK
FOR
FRAMES,
BOXES, ETC.
"
COMMOXLY
Take
mix
dissolved
with
the
with
holding
the
to
a
a
warm
in
mass
water, to soften
for
glue (see Chapter III.)
whiting
hands
stiff
This
it.
and
frequently
forms
the
and
for
box
or
moulds,
of
kettle
steaming
a
and
dough, by kneading
place
over
the
making
WOKK."
PUTTY
CALLED
composition
casting
the
ornaments.
Take
ornamented
an
slightly oil
it,
sticking,then
lump
to
of the
to
prevent
a
press
composition
it in
duplicate ; keep
when
found
it
an
well
may
be
and
the
part
position
and
from
material
kneaded
on
removed,
indenture
the
and
frame,
a
few
there
corresponding
softened
you
wish
minutes,
will
to
be
the
116
Every
crystals
of
saturate
the
Man
oxalic
with
and
Wash
isinglass in water,
and
varnish
brush.
Cement.
Bied
should
Boats
mixture,
the
the
rather
than
color, and
painted
blister
in alcohol
cement
roll
of the
peel
glue
or
with
"dead
is said
each
in
one
them,
glue.
with
to
oil.
from
oil in
raw
The
be
weak
to
remove
latter
Vases.
and
glue,
separately
tne
is
wood.
the
Oenamental
foe
grasses
shake
paint
boiled
and
Geasses
dried
still wet,
drops
dissolved
the
bird.
be
CoLOErNG
Dip
with
over
map
painted
Oil
should
to
apt
be
varnished.
and
injurious to
very
of
ounces
dry, apply
excellent
an
one
furniture.
Cages
"
when
Mix
"
two
the
shellac
found
be
for broken
color
Common
"
will
soft
a
and
it.
Pictuees.
balsam
spiritsof turpentine.
Painter.
gill of water,
a
and
Canada
with
Own
in
Maps
foe
of
acid
engraving
Vaenish
ounce
His
in
any
any
"
while
dry
heavy
", IJtefo
Blctbob
of
Rouses.
of
Permanent
"Wood
the inferior
punting
Filling,
as
used
Houss
in
Painting.
g^jp=^HE custom
of
beautiful
woods, instead
is
tasteful
to
a
very
that
notice
with
favor
houses
building
natural
woods
of
;
and
has
in
in
of with
we
uith
paints,
are
in
the
New
In
the
finer
York,
the
of
the
most
of
of
use
that
luxurious
(117)
in
hall,
class
generally superceded
some
glad
rapidly growing
public.
kitchen,
and
now
it is
houses
and
one,
the
bath-room,
paint
finishing
Every
118
houses, where
mantles
the
old
in
It
It
"
and
carriages
and
view
and
it is too
expensive
by using
an
this
of
excellent
to
imitation
its
this
covering
Wood
priming
a
tested
by
for
many
invariably proved
of
house
ordinary
an
finish
liquid
and
"
attention
In
the
objection,
been
the
to
beauty
as
it has
as
of
to
Permanent
the
architects.
painters
with
stain
hard
pine
be
may
hous
-
3
woods,
white-
or
produced
triflingexpense.
For
information
the
with
would
say,
consistency
of
a
has
"
merits
it
valuable,
we
one
that
house-builders,
at
but
is with
cars,
mode
new
of
originally intended
Filling
wood,
This
instances
question superior
has
objection
consideration,
in many
consideration
every
costliness.
but
have
without
is
durability.
one
wood
after
an
of marble.
place
finishing
is
expense
of carved
taken
Man
one
and
as
a
and
who
are
Wood
liquid, of
varnish,
five
those
Permanent
the
it is
of
is
about
Filling,
the
supplied
gallons capacity,
at
acquainted
un-
same
in
$1.00
cans
per
There
gallon.
and
the
The
to
former
is
wood
the
for
of extreme
measure,
for
protect
all
so
long
hardening
in
enamel,
its
is
light colored
of
shade
wood
the
on
the ivood
while
;
or
and
the
lead
wood,
coating
very
being
in
a
can
only
paired
unim-
fillingenters
closes
them,
making
little of
will
is
simply
remains
It is also
cracking
and
and
paint,
and
the
and
itself,
but
anti-
perfect
a
Paint
; whereas
it
is
work.
surface.
the
of
place
that
being
of wood,
pores
permanently
flaking
use
article,that
non-evaporating
the
new
as
and
pores
no
latter
the
on
new
upon
by exposure
and
used
and
the
coating
a
remains
brown;
durability, it
take
to
an
this
fillingfor
designed
the
it is desired
when
natural
penetrating
permanent
forms
"Dark"
the
retained.
very
damp,
is
and
the
It is claimed
A
rich
a
when
or
be
is to
shades,
employed
nearly colorless,
work,
two
are
119
Light."
"
stain
Painter.
Own
His
ever
easily
thus
it almost
the
very
filling
elastic,
be
washed
found
or
120
Every
cleaned,
is
Man
useful
very
kitchen
on
and
haii
wainscotings.
DIRECTIONS
close-Graesed
On
of
coat
shade,
Wood
is
dry,
and
desired,
Inside
"
the
two,
of
coat
light
or
taste
as
If
sandpaper.
a
finish, one
Filling,dark
of
mixture
a
Let
direct.
finish
"Wood.
Permanent
or
USE.
FOR
a
varnish
may
brilliant
be
may
added.
heavy-Grained
On
the
method
following
Permanent
Wood
lightly.
oil
compound
for
make
a
apply
two
Put
on
finish,use
and
apply
in.
When
and
dry,
paper
sand-
Gold
dry,
Size,
of
coat
a
of
coat
one
starch, Japan
Mix
the
this
is
job
varnishing.
desired
to
perfectly true
the
Inside
"
rilling. Let
knife
and
If it is not
giving
:
turpentine,
and
ready
Wood.
coats
of
first time
and
fill the
even
Permanent
to
dry
grain
so
as
to
surface, simply
Wood
before
Filling,
the
second
His
Oil
applied.
is
Own
Painter
and
sandpaper.
121
Varnish
if
desired.
On
"Work.
Paneled
pine
soft wood,
other
or
durable
finish
Filling
Light
on
effect
third
equal
from
be
two
hard
to four
if
a
woods,
into
Over
as
Light
panels
the
still
a
by
next
brilliant
whole
at
follows
high.
with
.lepotpronounces
with
finish
surface
the
are
one
finish
the
of
Let
dry
of varnish
may
is desired.
Black
Above
panel
composed
is
Saratoga
:
of
coat
light,and
two.
coat
in
attractivo
more
other
A
a
fillingone
finished
Walnut
that
Chestnut
two
who
to
in
scoting
wain-
of Black
mouldings
Filling. Every
and
shade
the
days.
depot
new
five feet
up
of
mixture
and
of Dark
coat
one
panel,
produced
with
at little expense
intermediate
an
applied
The
Or
rest.
ceiled
beautiful
very
Apply
:
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with
a
alternate
be
may
Dark
with
an
the
houses
made
manner
each
on
be
may
following
the
In
"
Walnut
coats
has
be
cut
seen
of
the
this
unequalled
Every
122
both
for
its tasteful
Man
and
appearance
extreme
durability.
The
following list
ings finished
2.
with
embraces
the
N.
Street,
3.
Custom
House,
4.
Cabinet
Work,
5.
The
6.
Methodist
7.
R.
Rockwell
Wood
of Brewster
build
Filling
and
Co.,
Y.
St.
Minn.
Paul,
ington.
Wash-
Treasury Building,
of Glenn
House,
Church,
Beverly,
Station, Saratoga
R.
of the
few
Permanent
Carriage Repository
of Broome
a
Falls, N. Y.
Mass.
Springs,
New
York.
8.
York
Av., New
3d
W
Homeopathic
9.
G.
Wm.
falo, New
23d
Hospital,
Street
and
City.
Fargo's $250,000
mansion
in Buf-
York.
CAUTIONS.
used
on
been
once
new
used
Filling
Wood
Permanent
The
work.
Where
it is not
lead
can
or
applicable.
only
zinc
be
has
INDEX
PAG1
PAGE
5
Introductory
32
Carmine
Pink
Rose
Painting
Tools
Whiting
33
11
Glue
33
13
Pumice
I.
CHAPTER
used
33
Stone
34
35
Asphaltum
II.
CHAPTER
16
Bexjshes
TV.
CHAPTER
37
Liquids
in.
CHAPTER
Dky
Coloes
Lead
White
Zinc
White
Spirits
of
Turpentine.
37
25
Oils
38
25
Varnishes
39
26
Furniture
Varnish
40
...
27
Lampblack
prices
Average
Black
27
Black
28
Shellac
28
Japan
Ultramarine.
29
Brown
Green
29
Size
29
Fat
Vermillion
30
Quick
Brown
31
Asphaltum
Lake
31
Honey
Drop
Ivory
Prussian
Blue
Yellow
of
nish
Var40
Varnish
Gold
Size
Japan
41
41
42
42
Oil
Size
42
,
(124)
Size
42
Size
Size
43
43
Index.
Size
Glass
for
44
125
Paint
CHAPTER
Colors
for
Oil
Colors
Compound
45
Paint
46
Whitewash
46
Size
for Iron
CHAPTER
White
Paint
White
for
China
Gloss
Colors
48
inside
Color...
in
Window
Oil
Hard
Putty
Putty
Putty
for
Plaster
CHAPTER
Milk
wor^
Distemper
Kalsomine
Painting
.
68
in
Distemper.
69
...
54
Maple
71
54
Mahogany
71
55
Rosewoood
71
in
Oil
71
Walnut..,
71
55
Staining
71
55
Granite
72
55
Brown
55
Portland
56
Smalting
73
56
Flockings
74
56
Marbling
74
VIT^
Paint
VTH.
Graining
Black
Putty
wood
66
Oak
ty
Put-
ty
Furniture
Paper
53
.
Painters'Put-
Cementing
ing
Paper-hang-
CHAPTER
Oak
outside
for
Putty
Carriage
Hanging
52
work
53
ground
Common
for
64
51
Flat
or
63
65
work
Dead
Walls
VI.
Paint
Color
Railing
63
for
Paste
Oil
ings
Out-build62
Colors
Mixing
59
V.
in
Tube
Kalsomine.
Preparing
Stone
Gilding
58
Gold
58
Silver
72
Stone
CHAPTER
57
72
IX.
76
Leaf.
76
Leaf
80
.
126
Index.
Metal
Dutch
Gilding
80
Glass
on
Paint
80
81
Bronzing
for
goods
Paint
82
Transferring
86
Decalcomanie
87
Pouncing
87
Painting
90
Damask
Painting
Pearl
Inlaying
Making
Kustic
a
Stand
Flower
93
Polish
for
Mahogany..
94
Polish
for
Eosewood..
94
Waxing
Furniture
96
Paint
96
Cleaning
for
Paint
97
Tools
Paint
for
99
Ornaments.
97
Machinery.
.
100
imitate
to
101
Paint
Farm
a
To
104
Ke-varnish
a
Car-
riage
107
Duplicate
To
Plaster
Casts
To
110
make
"Putty
Work"
1U
Wood
Permanent
Farming
Ground
Wagon
94
Furniture.
Varnishing
99
Glass
91
Painting
Iron
imitate
To
To
ture
Pic-
98
for
Stenciling
Transparent
Household
ing
for
House
FillWork
117
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Heart.
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to
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than
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perusal
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Hints
number.
deserve
they would
of popularity."
evidences
Portraits
fine
writers,
experienced
well
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entertaining
steadily
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from
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of
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on
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sent
An
on
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tion
applica-
Address
S. E. WELLS
737
"
00., Publishers,
Broadway,
New
York.
HYGEIAN
Healthful
Or,
Book
complete
and
parin?
I."
Directions
apple,
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Water
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CHAP.
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for
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Address,
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grapes,
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Carrots,
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table
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orange,
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tomato,
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"
WELLS
737
CO.,
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Publishers,
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of
IXTtt-KW
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A
HAND-BOOK
FRUIT
CULTURE*
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Cultivation
GUIDE
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