Document 216830
006 AG Membrane Systems “Membranes, Modules and how to select them” Wolfgang Thalhammer 006 AG – Membrane Systems Presentation Overview • Short membrane science • Selection of membrane cut off • Selection of module configuration • Selection of membrane material • Membrane screening trials, examples • New modules and membranes on the market 006 AG – Membrane Systems 006 AG – Membrane Systems Filtrate flow Filter cake thickness time Tangential Flow Filtration • Increases flux levels • Reduced fouling rate • Tangential flow creates shear on membrane surface 006 AG – Membrane Systems time Filter cake thickness Filtrate flow A membrane can separate phases, macro and micromolecules in liquid or gas solution. Selectivity is primarily based on size difference and secondarily on charge & hydrophobic characteristics. - Semi permeable barriers, they are selective Size based separation Membrane Definition of a Membrane MF UF NF RO But!!! Advantage of physical barrier seperation!!! • Operating parameters effect MWCO (diffusion VS convection) • MWCO changes also with charge and polarity of feed and membrane • MWCO is a relative figure. 006 AG – Membrane Systems Polymer Selectivity needed for the process Selection for Trials Cost Capital investment, running cost Ceramic Process parameters Capacity, yield, temperature, pH... • Definition of MWCO differs for different manufacturer 006 AG – Membrane Systems Stainless steel Membrane Material Feed parameters TS, viscosity, composition, particles, ... Membrane configuration Plate & Frame Cassette Flat sheet Tubular Hollow fibre Spiral wound >0.6micron Membrane cut off Selectivity Cut Off, seperation quality Selection of Membranes % /$ /& 006 AG – Membrane Systems 006 AG – Membrane Systems '!&! !()* ! " #$!%&! 0% '*'* !$)* !(+! '% ,*& )!* -!& .* Selectivity of different membrane types '% Membrane types MF UF NF RO 006 AG – Membrane Systems Flat sheets -plate distance -air flow -backflushable Plate & Frame -plate distance -flow distributors -construction material -glue type -backflushable 006 AG – Membrane Systems Stainless steel Membrane Material Polymer Tubular -channel diameter -nr of channels -module length Cassette -channel height -flow Distributors -seal material -construction material Spiral Wound -feed spacer hight -feed spacer type -sanitary design -construction material -glue type Hollow fibre -channel diameter -nr of channels -module length -construction material backflushable Membrane configurations Selection for Trials Cost Capital investment, running cost Ceramic Process parameters Capacity, yield, temperature, pH... Feed parameters TS, viscosity, composition, particles, ... Membrane configuration Plate & Frame Cassette Tubular Hollow fibre Spiral wound >0.6micron Membrane cut off Selectivity Cut Off, seperation quality Selection of Membranes + + 0 Tubular Hollow fibre Spiral wound Flat sheet (submerged) MF 006 AG – Membrane Systems Stainless steel Membrane Material 0 + ++ +++ ++ ++ UF +++ + + +++ + ++ + + Backflushability NF RO Selection of Membranes -1 – 0.5bar 40bar or higher 5bar 60bar 10bar 60bar or higher Cleanabiltiy Hollow fibre Spiral wound Selection for Trials Cost Capital investment, running cost Ceramic Polymer Process parameters Capacity, yield, temperature, pH... Tubular Feed parameters TS, viscosity, composition, particles, ... Membrane configuration Plate & Frame Cassette >0.6micron Membrane cut off +++ - + ++ + + Max Energy pressure demand Selectivity Cut Off, seperation quality ++ Cassette 006 AG – Membrane Systems ++ Viscosity Solids Plate & Frame Configuration Membrane configurations -2 – 13 0-14 2-11.5 Stainless steel Ceramic * Polymer 50°C 350°C 350°C Temperature Chlorine Limited Ok Ok 006 AG – Membrane Systems Ceramics (Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2) •... • Porosity • Charge or IEP • Carrier • Thickness • Hydrophobicity Material effects Membrane materials Polymer (PS, PES, PP, PAN, ...) * No phosphoric acid Allowed cleaning chemicals: -nitric acid, -citric/lactic acid -phosphoric acid -sodium hyrdoxid -potassium hydroxid + tensides, chelating agents, sequestrants, buffers,... pH Material Metal 006 AG – Membrane Systems Stain less steal Metal Membrane materials MF UF NF RO 006 AG – Membrane Systems Polymer Polymer plate & Frame Tubular polymer Hollow fibre ceramics Polymer cassette Tubular ceramics Tubular metal Cost of membrane solutions Selection for Trials Cost Capital investment, running cost Ceramic Process parameters Capacity, yield, temperature, pH... Hollow fibre polymer Spiral wound 006 AG – Membrane Systems Stainless steel Membrane Material Feed parameters TS, viscosity, composition, particles, ... Membrane configuration Plate & Frame Cassette Tubular Hollow fibre Spiral wound >0.6micron Membrane cut off Selectivity Cut Off, seperation quality Selection of Membranes 006 AG – Membrane Systems Cost: spiral wound would be cheapest, possible? polymer, ceramics, stainless steal Process parameters: 5 m3 / d, pH 6, Temperature 50°C, VCR 20 Spiral wound, hollow fibre, tubular, plate & frame, cassette, Feed properties: 10% TS, water like, contains cell debries, proteins, amino acids, salts MF 0.2 micron Example 1 for membrane selection Selectivity of process: Clarification of fermentation broth Costumer: Yeast factory 006 AG – Membrane Systems Spiral wound Tubular ceramics Tubular metal Cost of membrane solutions UF 10-20kDa Support customers and factories • 006 AG – Membrane Systems Optimum CIP procedures New process developments • Process optimization • Membrane screening for optimum membrane type The membrane laboratory is used for: • • We have lots of membranes on stock and hence can offer rapid membrane screening and process development. • • The MMS laboratory is specialised in developing membrane based processes. • Membrane trials in process development 006 AG – Membrane Systems Cost: even hollowfibre to expensive, spiral wound possible, with pretreatment (dedusting, defating) ? polymer, ceramics, stainless steal Processparameters: 200 m3 / d, pH 6, Temperature 50°C, VCR 20 hollow fibre, tubular, plate & frame, cassette, Feed properties: 6% TS, water like, contains 0.5% Protein, 0.01% fat and 0.01% solids > 0.1mm (chesse dust) Selectivity of process: Whey protein recovery Costumer: Cheese factory Example 2 for membrane selection 006 AG – Membrane Systems • Pressure drop • Regeneration problems Industrial Systems 1 2 3 Clean membrane water flux 4 5 Membrane screening example 1, „yeast clarification“ Pilot Systems • Fouling layer = f(Vs, TMP, temp, backflush) • Flux vs Concentration • Max. Concentration level 006 AG – Membrane Systems Laboratory Systems Lab-Pilot-Industrial Systems HpHT Duratherm DX-Type Koch GE Microdyn Nadir 80°C 006 AG – Membrane Systems 006 AG – Membrane Systems 3-14 2-11.5 1.8 - 12.5 pH Range Disadvantage: -Lower stability -Expoxy glue is heat and chemical instable Advantage: -No resistance in carrier, higher flux Inocep ceramic hollow fibre Disadvantage -25% higher membrane cost 50 (san.: 90°C) 60°C (clean.: 80°C) Max Temprature Advantages -improve cleaning or sanitation possibilities -reduce cleaning cost -make high temperature processes possible Name Manufacturer Spiral wound modules with extended pH and/or temperature range HpHT polymer modules Further 006 AG – Membrane Systems Dairy Ultra UF • Reticulated (void-free) membrane structure, lower protein passage. • Increased membrane hydrophilicity. • Reduced Clean Water Flux -. St gobain ceramics, -Improved porosity of support, lower resistance -Maintains stability of ceramics compared to Inocep hollow fibres Microsieves, - Pore size distribution narrow, photolithographic methods - Membrane resistance up to three orders of magnitude lower 006 AG – Membrane Systems Disadvantages - Only one MWCO available - High packing density Advantages - Backflushable cassette system - High packing density Permeate spacer fused with membrane Flowcell 006 AG – Membrane Systems Danke sehr für die Aufmerksamkeit 006 AG – Membrane Systems to create cost effective, stable and flexible solutions. - experience, - feed analysis, - screening trials , - and process simulation, Membrane selection is a complex issue with multiple possibilites. We base it on Summary
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