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2. agriculture and forestry
3. crops and seed

HOW
TO
MAKE
VEGETABLE
-GARDEN
ILLUSTRATED
AND
PLANTING
WITH
TABLES
HARRISBURG,
THE
A
COUNTRYSIDE
1915
PA.
PRESS
6-5^,^,
Copyright,
THE
1909,
SUBURBAN
Copyright,
THE
1911,
1914,
PRESS
1915,
COUNTRYSIDE
by
PRESS
/
CI.A416443
by
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Introduction
9
Planning
Planting
and
Plan
for
The
Things
Supplying
Preparing
Quality
11
Done
13
13
Plant-food
16
Soil
17
Planting
19
and
the
Table
Plan
the
Sowing
A
be
to
the
Using
and
Variety
Making
11
Seed
Drill
22
Vegetable-Garden
for
a
Family
Six
of
24
....
A
Coldframe
is
Rotation
of
Useful
Crops
for
Suggestions
Desirable
27
Succession
Vegetables
Nine
26
28
Every
Man
Ought
to
Grow
30
...
The
Late-started
Keep
Lettuce
Beets
Sown
Get
The
Planting
in
Some
Garden
Garden
Out
in
of
June
Table
and
40
in
Mature
by
for
Sun
the
Melons
Month
39
August
42
Cucumbers
43
Month
Vegetables
46
62-73
INTRODUCTION
part
THE
with
procured
the
finest
soil
use
gumption,
likely
is
instinct
from
the
folk
hold
they
feel
afraid
gardening
result
in failure.
from
back
they lack
it
follow
are
the
be
most
of
matter
given
brief
but
for
some
They
they
are
for the
stated
emphatically
In
good
because
affair.
gumption.
may
lot of
Gardening
directions
(9)
producing
garden
necessary,
"know-how."
should
a
toil
that
there
a
an
be
feel
that
a
them
gardening
We
yet
and
would
the
us
the
ing,
garden-
with
not
for
And
in this
seeds
operations
complicated
the
of
and
did
attempting
it is too
that
tools
instruments
vegetables.
ing
garden-
digested
subject
of sustenance
means
of
had
expression.
the
be
to
again, is largely
that
for
in
day
every-
written
be
all of
almost
struggling
form
amateur,
in
deep
freely give
would
the
on
plain,
plays
you
fertilizers,and
soil the
in the
If
the
"
it should
your
like
would
sense
expensive
most
and
down
Way
we
to
common
treatises
the
just
"
big G.
a
elaborate
very
of
large that
so
connection
most
gumption
quahty
is
be
that
the
pages
of the
INTRODUCTION
10
essential
tables
and
the
gumption, add
that will not
you
a
a
like. Mix
only give you
of
this
and
magazine articles,
publishers.
you
much
and
ing
plant-
thoroughly with
will have
a
joy, but will
garden
return
saved.
money
material
seed
these
and
littletoil,
profitin actual
Much
with
operations,together
originallyappeared
is used
in
by permission of the
TO
HOW
A
MAKE
VEGETABLE
-
GARDEN
AND
PLANNING
MISTAKE
A
place
made
frequently
too
country,
PLANTING
is to
leave
the
the
on
and
planning
.
is to furnish the
planting of the garden, which
season's
man
supply of fresh vegetables, to some
know
how
to grow
things, has
who, though he may
and
not
requirements of
given the particular needs
careful
table
the
planning which
study and
your
are
make
to
necessary
possible
a
really satisfactory
garden.
least
the
at
planning of the garden, and
have
supervision of the planting of it, should
your
is well
It is a job that
worth
personal attention.
looking after,for a great deal of the pleasure of the
The
whole
season
makes
in
will
the amount
and
the
depend upon
quality of the green
things which
garden
your
furnishes
for the table.
And, incidentally, the very
considerable
a
really good garden
saving which
be
the
season's
household
expenses
is not
to
ignored.
PLAN
In
FOR
making
constantly
VARIETY
your
in mind
AND
garden
these
two
(11)
QUALITY
TABLE
plans,
you
should
things : First, that
keep
the
12
HOW
TO
MAKE
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
reallygood things of the garden the ones that make
sit down, unroll
chuckle
to yourself as
you
you
had anynever
napkin and remark, 'Mother
thing
your
on
this;" the juicy, luscious,is-there-anyBantam
more-in-the-kitchen?
things, like Golden
sweet
beans,
Mignonette lettuce,Brittle Wax
corn,
Gradus
or
spicy cantaloupe, should be had
peas,
it is
of the season
weeks
out
for just as many
as
ners
dinthere are
only seven
possible to have them,
is table quality;whether
The second
in a week!
in the plebeian
in the aristocratic stuffed pepper
or
of chance, but
stewed
onion, this is not a matter
depends upon rapid,healthy growth, and the variety.
Unfortunately, most of the garden's good things
and mature
either grow
quickly,and are in the
very
for a very
short period only,
best table condition
sweet
such as peas, pod-beans, lettuce,and
corn,
else require such
an
or
exasperatingly long time
that we
just get a little taste of them at the tail end
of the season, such as lima beans, eggplant,and muskThe
melons.
these
to overcome
only way
table
regretDame
Nature's
shortcomings on
part is to
the garden planned so carefully,
have
tion
by the selecof succession
varieties
and
accurately timed
succession
is
as
one
plantings, that as soon
crop
another
will be ready, and, in the case
of the
gone
long-seasonthings,to have them half-grown by the
time you
set them
out, so that they will be nearly
their first buds
ready to show
by the time your
are
neighl:)ors
putting their seeds in the ground.
So you see this garden business isn't such a simple
"
'
"
TO
HOW
MAKE
thing after all,and
of which
perhaps
that
now
done,
we
let
have
us
instructions
further,that
you
have
it has
possibilities
dreamed.
never
But
fairlyclear idea of what is to be
what
most
are
definite,concrete
get hoiu to do it.
can
THINGS
THE
13
a
see
we
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
TO
BE
DONE
things to be done, and a few hours
of decently hard
have
thought and work, if you
to carry
out
someone
instructions,will give
your
full not only of spinach and
one
a real garden,
you
beans, but of entrancing interest also,gratifyingnot
only to the inner man, but to the keener palate of the
Here
are
the
"
intellect.
make
To
at
your
and
information
the
disposal as
definite and
here
data
clear
placed
possible,it
as
headings, as follows:
(1) Making the Plan, (2) Supplying the Plant-Food,
(3) Preparing the Soil,(4) Sowing and Planting. To
bring them all within the scope of a small book, it
has been
them
to make
brief,and omit
necessary
detailed reasons
why. So, if you are going to follow
portant
them
at all,follow them
carefully,so that no imthings will be overlooked.
has
been
put down
under
MAKING
First of
you
will
all,set down
will want,
require.
and
the
Remember
four
PLAN
THE
in
a
the
column
number
that
of
rows
some
vegetables
of each
you
things, like
14
HOW
TO
MAKE
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
yields continuously, should be
chard, which
planted sparingly,compared to peas or sweet corn,
and yield onlj'two
which
more
require much
room,
three pickings. Also, that such things as onions,
or
be stored
for the
beets, and cabbage, which may
more
bers
generously than cucumwinter,should be sown
Swiss
or
After
peppers,
each
succumb
to
vegetable, put
down
which
the
first frosts.
the
varieties
in the table are
good,
prefer. Those mentioned
reliable sorts; if,however, you have favorite sorts of
different things which
are
equally good, use them
you
instead
of
of these, if you
like. Don't
make
the mistake
trying a littleof everything.
Then, if you want to do the job up properly,draw
a
plan of your garden to scale,showing the amount
of space you have allotted for each vegetable. This
be done
distance
can
rapidly, as the proper
very
the rows
of things is given in the tables on
between
62 to 73. This will not only give you
a much
pages
better idea of what your
garden will be like,but will
enable
better as to the proporto judge much
tionate
you
of space you may
allot to each thing.
amount
In case
garden space is very limited,and you
your
have
to plan carefullyin order
to get two
even
or
three crops off of most
of it during the season,
it is
this
not only desirable but quite essential to make
it will
plan. The time and trouble taken to prepare
be repaid a score
of times by the amount
of time
and
trouble
it will save
during the season.
you
Sucli a plan is simply the application of the principles
of business efficiency
to the garden.
TO
now
10
A
MAKE
SUPPLYING
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
PLANT-FOOD
soil,the garden will be a poor one.
of being in a condition
Soil is not rich,in the sense
the several
to grow
big crops, unless it contains
in abundance
to support plant-life
ingredientsnecessary
and in the proper
proportions.Without
getting
it may
be
at all,
into the technicalities of the matter
has
who
stated that every
a
gardener, or person
himself
make
herself familiar
or
garden, should
with the fact that the three of these ingredients
most
which
most
are
are
important, and which
phoric
likelyto be deficient in the soil,are nitrogen,phosready
acid, and potash. If your garden is not alsoils are
and most
not
rich enough,
nearly
in a condition
to grow
big crops without being fed
be abundantly
first, these three things must
up
of a
be supplied in any
one
supplied. They can
Without
rich
"
"
but should not be stinted. A safe
of ways,
all the good, well-rotted stable-manure
rule is to use
number
you
can
get, and
in addition
to
this
some
fertilizer
high percentage of potash, or sulphate or
of potash alone; 300 to 500 pounds of the
muriate
former
150 to 300
or
fertilizer,
pounds of either
sulphate or muriate, for each half-acre,will be none
If you
too much.
can't get any
apply a
manure,
dressing at the rate of 600 to 1,000 pounds to the
half-acre of a high-grade fertilizer,
with an
analysis
approximating 4 per cent of nitrogen,8 per cent of
available phosphoric acid,and 10 per cent of potash.
400
If you
will require a quantity above
300
or
with
a
TO
HOW
pounds, much
A
MAKE
the best and
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
cheapest
way
17
is to get the
materials, and mix your own.
(For instance, nitrate of soda, muriate of potash, 16
age,
tankper cent acid phosphate, and high-grade animal
used in the proportion of 30, 40, 50, and 60 lbs.
respectively,will give you a complete, high-grade
as
fertilizer,
good as any market-garden fertilizer,
with an analysisof approximately 4 per cent nitrogen,
8 per cent phosphoric acid,and 10 per cent potash.)
the case
The
manure
or
as
be, is
fertilizer,
may
into the soil before the garden is planted. In
worked
addition to these, you should get a hundred
pounds
phate
suleach of nitrate- of soda, and of muriate
or
or
so
of potash, to use
as
top-dressingsfor crops
during growth. The
requiring special attention
judiciously used, will
former, especially, when
astonishing results; all the nitrogen
produce most
in it is quickly available,and plant growth is quite
wonderfully hastened; thus increasing not only the
instances,the quality of the
output, but, in most
chemicals
crop
and
raw
also.
PREPARING
THE
SOIL
FOR
PLANTING
prepared is a crop half-grown," is
old farmer's
an
saying which is just as true of the
back-yard garden as of the twenty-acre potato field.
is no
mistake
There
more
by the
universallymade
of small gardens than that of planting in
managers
is but ill prepared. The
soil which
garden should be
plowed or spaded as deep as possible,plowing being
"A
field well
18
MAKE
TO
HOW
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
it is possible to use
preferable where
down
is meant
to
By as ''deepas possible''
if that is anywhere within 12 inches of
The
subsoil is the raw
dirt,usuallyhard and
far
Cucumbers
and
of
a
different color
the
to have
is best
can
be
the latter. A
shallow, should
latter each
any
from
year,
the
not
great effect upon
soil,
sub-
the top.
lumpy,
later
soil,and
little of it, if the surface
be worked
but
surface
horse.
the
started
in pots for transplanting outside
will enable
to gain time
you
lies just below
soil is
a
up
and
mixed
in sufficient
with
quantity
its character.
applied beforeplowing or spading, so
turned
under, down out of the way
Manure
that
it
of the
HOW
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
MAKE
TO
19
garden implements, and
fertilizer should be applied afterplowing, and before
harrowing or raking. Thorough harrowing or raking
drill
seed
and
various
as
thorough plowing or spading;
just as necessary
in order to prepare
be well done
both
a
jobs must
When
are
ready to plant, your
good seed-bed.
you
on
top as a
garden should be as clean and smooth
tennis-court,and pulverized finelyfor several inches
to tell you fully
below the surface. There is not room
why such careful preparation of the soil is necessary
;
that seed
but the three most
are
important reasons
will not
germinate properly in a poorly prepared,
lumpy soil,full of air-spaces;that plant-rootswill
not be able to get hold of their food supply so readily
in such a soil as in one
well prepared; and that, next
oughly
the drought hits you, a thorJuly or August, when
all the difference
prepared soil is likelyto mean
is
between
and
success
SOWING
Unless
you
operation
that
the
of
AND
failure.
PLANTING
through the interesting
garden planting frequently enough so
various
have
been
details of the
work
have
become
carefullythe
planting data, in the table on pages 62 to 73, plus
be given as to
which
specialinformation
may
any
kind and variety of vegetable on
the package or in
the catalogue. Many
of the failures which
beginners
due
have
are
merely to carelessness in
every
year
almost
second
just this
matter.
nature
to
If you
you,
need
follow
to refer to the table
20
HOW
frequently,you
planting data on
cardboard, and
place near
that
you
the
can
A
MAKE
TO
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
will find it
a
piece of
a
good plan
paper,
to
paste it on
copy
a
the
heavy
it up in the
garden where you
tack
refer to
tool-chest,or some
keep your seeds,so
it readily,or take it right out
garden with you, if you wish.
The
planting dates given are for the latitude of
York.
For Boston, they will be a week
New
ten
or
days later,and for Philadelphia,or farther south, a
week
ten
or
days earlier. They are approximate,
because temporary weather
conditions,the character
the garden is made, and
the
of the soil in which
whether
of the season,
an
nature
early or a late
when
be the
would
spring, will all go to determine
time to plant.
proper
The
different
planted in drills,
vegetables are
be required by their habit of
or
hills,as may
rows,
is in hills,
least desirable
method
growth. The
because, while it is bad to have the plants crowded
the roots
above
to have
ground, it is still worse
instead
of being distributed
as
evenly as
restricted,
possi})lethroughout the soil,that their search for
be unhampered.
Such
things as
plant-food may
pole beans and melons, which formerly were
always
that
so
planted in hills,do better in drills or rows
there is no
crowding of plants. Beans, tomatoes,
and other trailingor running plants will give larger
and better crops if trained on a trellis than on poles.
Another
thing that you will notice is that the
depth for planting varies with early and late plantings
of the same
for this is that
things. The reason
into the
22
MAKE
TO
HOW
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
the
spring more
rapidly on the
surface, and seed will germinate and sprout all right
when
planted shallow, which would rot if planted
deeper. Later in the season, however, when the soil
too hot and dry for proper
the surface has become
on
germination,the right conditions are found deeper
in the soil,and the plant is also in a better position
is pretty sure
to resist the attack of drought which
the
to
soil
come
in
warms
later.
USING
SEED
THE
DRH^L
days, the only practicalway of planting
which opens
size is to use a seed drill,
a garden of any
it up,
the furrows, drops the seed, accurately covers
all in one
rolls it,and marks
out the next row
tion,
operabe done by hand.
better than it can
and much
be
must
Where; however, the seed for any reason
should be hoed or
put in by hand, the drills or rows
marked
out to the proper
depth as evenly as possible,
the soil has a
before
the seed planted and covered
chance
to dry out, and the top of the row
pressed
down
by the foot or the back of the hoe, both to
In these
the
compress
earth
and
to mark
the
row.
straightas a string;the
only way to do this is to use a stringin marking out
the first one; after that, if you
are
using a drill,the
hills
others will all be parallelwith it. In making
and
for such
things as pole beans, muskmelons,
cucumbers, unless the garden soil has been made
very rich,it is well to put in a compost of wellBe
sure
to
get all
rows
TO
HOW
rotted
MAKE
or
manure,
cotton-seed
well into
hill should
a
meal
the
be
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
handful
or
bone
soil in each
broad
and
or
meal
more
of
23
a
mixture
and
tankage, mixed
hill before planting. The
flat,12 to 24 inches in
diameter, and not raised above the surface
surrounding soil,so that the rain will not
from
of
of the
run
off
it.
settingout plants of such things as are started
early under glass lettuce,cabbage, tomatoes, eggplant,
and the like
the soil just as carefully
prepare
would
for sowing seed.
If you
as
want
to give
you
the plants a quick start, a handful
of dry hen
or
so
of bone meal, tankage, or cotton-seed
meal
manure,
(or the three mixed together,as suggested before),
half a pint of rich liquid manure,
be put
a
or
may
into the soil where
each plant is to be set, before
planting. Select a late afternoon or a cloudy day, if
If the leaves of the plant
possible,to do the work.
to be set are
large and succulent, they should be
trimmed
back a third to a half before being set out.
Be sure, above
all things,to set the plantsfirmly into
the soil. Set them
deep enough so that about half
the stalk, up
to the first leaves, will be covered.
Press the soil down
about the ball of roots as firmly
is set, unless the
as
possible,and then after the row
soil is very moist, go back over
it and, with the balls
of the feet placed on
of the
either side of the stem
plant,press them in still more
firmly. This operation
will take very
little time, and
leave the job done
properly; you will find later that the time expended
In
"
"
on
it is worth
while,
HOW
24
MAKE
TO
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
A
FOR
OF
FAMILY
SIX
rally
vegetable-garden should natudepend upon the size of the family to be fed,as
and kinds of vegetables it
the number
well as upon
The plan shown
25 is for
is desired to grow.
on
page
a garden sufficiently
large to grow enough vegetables
about
for a family of six. It covers
a
quarter of an
dimensions
being 75 x 150 feet.
acre, the exact
The garden is laid out with the idea of cultivating
the land with a horse cultivator;the rows, in some
instances, could be closer together if a hand wheel
In the latter case, onions,
hoe only were
to be used.
close
as
lettuce,beets, and carrots could be grown
18 inches or 2 feet apart very comfortably, thereby
as
saving considerable room.
of a vegetable-garden, it is
In the laying out
better,under most circumstances, to have the rows
the short way
of the garden if it is to be cultivated
run
with a wheel hoe. Should
it be a long, narrow
the long way,
that
run
so
piece,then the rows
may
there
the
is
size of one's
The
*
will not
rows.
A
be
certain
really necessary
horse
and
much
so
waste
of
amount
the
at
cultivator
are
space
at the
ends of
ground not planted
for turning when
a
ends
It is far better
used.
to
.
have
of the
its
the
rows
run
north
and
south,
so
that
each
side
of light.
equal amount
Of course,
the plan here
for
given is included
lowed
suggestive value, and need not be exactly folrow
gets
in every
an
detail.
w
73'
Walk
rr.
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well-arranged garden for
(25)
o"
a
9""" O
P
family of six
MAI^E
TO
HOW
20
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
COLDFRAME
A
IS
USEFUL
garden is made for a three-sash
This is not absolutelyessential,but very
coldframe.
vegetables that one can
useful,for there are many
flower,
start early in the coldframe, such
as
cabbage, caulionions, and celery, for planting for early
in this
Provision
and
Three
sashes
At
end
the
and
mats
frame
of the
stack
to
used
are
radishes
ample for
will be
in which
space
and
lettuce
crops,
to
there
the
cover
for immediate
use.
ordinary family.
an
has
been
allowed
a
sashes, and if shutters
the sash, they can
also
here.
])e stored
of the
and
garden, asparagus
rhubarb
are
planted. Like the coldframe, they are
A dozen
will provide
plants of rhubarb
permanent.
all of that vegetable necessary.
The
balance
of the end of the garden is devoted
it may
be found
to asparagus.
Early in the season
of plants will not
that this number
give sufficient
for the family, but that will only be for a
asparagus
the
In
end
same
week
or
two, for the rest of the
some
to
give
are
row
of
all winter.
there
will be
away.
parsnips and
hardy vegetableswhich
A
season
It is
a
most
salsifycomes
next; they
be left in the
ground
practicable plan to keep
may
doors
outover
going to be wintered
close together for convenience.
They can be
harvested
more
readily,and the rest of the garden
everything
can
bo
which
cleaned
with
up
them.
is
at the season's
end
without
fering
inter-
MAKE
TO
HOW
ROTATION
A
DESIRABLE
CROPS
OF
27
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
ever
be planted with whatremaining space may
vegetables are desired, but it is better to keep
selves,
all the plants of the same
family in a group by themmaking rotation of the crops a simple matter.
the land to practicerotation,
It is not only easier on
insects,
but this plan tends to avoid trouble from
from
the trouble
and to reduce
plant diseases, as
in the ground
of these pests winter over
well,as some
the plants which
where
they infested the previous
flower,
For instance, cabbage, cauliwere
summer
grown.
be
two
and
never
turnips should
grown
the same
successive seasons
ground because of the
on
rules apply to
The
club-root.
trouble from
same
The
potatoes, because
if you
course,
and
you
before
have
potato scab
not
winters
Of
scabby potatoes,
any
grown
over.
careful to disinfect your seed
planting, there will be less trouble
are
each
from
year
this
has only a small piece
one
really,when
precaution against such troubles
land, every
and
cause;
of
the
should
An
be taken.
effort has
been
made
to
in
the
plan
little things,like
show
everything ought to go ; but
other
in between
be grown
radishes for instance, can
be
need
not
plants, and therefore space for them
radish seed in the
It is a good plan to sow
indicated.
where
row
with
few
days and
are
the
in the
A
whole
way
row
lettuce.
The
radishes
will be
up
in
a
pull long before they
of the lettuce plants.
is shown, but do not plant
of beans
will be
ready
to
TO
HOW
28
all at
these
This
MAKE
Make
once.
will make
until
the
the
a
sorts
varieties of the
beans
snap
as
the
are
They
are
are
peas
shame
the
to
rest
week
apart.
will be maintained
in, and,
dwarf
they have
once
kinds.
SUCCESSIONS
FOR
successions
convenient
which
come
SUGGESTIONS
The
plantings a
need not bother
about
produce, one
one
can
longer because
get
any
pole beans that are just as good for
to
bush
two
succession
beans
pole
commenced
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
indicated
on
for the gardener who
the
plan
not
may
be
tries to follow them.
given only as suggestions,but the early
off the ground so early that it would
be a
allow that portion of the garden to lie idle
of
the
Therefore
season.
late crop,
some
like
cabbage, cauliflower,
celery,rutabaga, or spinach
for the following season's crop, can
be planted.
Some
people will probably find fault with this
plan because all of the cucurbits
squashes, melons,
etc.
Do
for an
not
are
planted in adjoining rows.
instant think that because squashes, cucumbers, and
melons
of
are
growing side by side that the presence
is going to affect in any
the flavor of the
one
way
"
"
others.
There
have
been
cases
where
lay the poor quality of fruit from
due
when, in reality,it was
cause,
in the first place,a lack of attention
to
all of which
On
tomato
the
could
plan has
plants,set 2
have
been
been
indicated
feet apart and
tried
growers
the vines
to
or
poor
poor
to
this
varieties
tion,
cultiva-
avoided.
of
single row
trained to sticks,
a
HOW
30
sweet
MAKE
TO
A
cucumbers^
corn,
vegetables.
This
like ten
twelve
to
will
this
long, and
family through
a
carefullycultivated
be enough to last
EVERY
All
here
are
and
better
matter
when
they
how
kinds
come
small
his
of
vegetables
directlyfrom
kitchen.
the
in the
ordinary
OUGHT
MAN
of several
few
a
easy
an
summer
GROW
gardener, no
amateur
plot, can
grow
that always are
the ground to
all
year.
TO
The
of potatoes, if it is
bushels
VEGETABLES
NINE
beans, and similar
thing
capable of raising some-
peas,
is
space
fertilized and
well
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
to
grow,
if the
planting tables
brief directions
on
pages
given
62 to 73
are
followed.
good radishes, you must
quickly. They do well in a lightsoil,if
of the early varieties
most
it is well enriched, and
ing.
will be ready to pull in three to five weeks from sowbe maintained
A succession
must
by sowing
them
weeks.
Sow
two
thickly in drills from
every
If you
them
grow
12
to
18
want
inches
to
have
apart, and
then
thin
them
out.
A
good early variety is Early Scarlet Turnip Forcing;
and
Breakfast
French
Long Scarlet are also good
early varieties.
in every
Lettuce
should be grown
garden. There
is a peculiar delight in having this vegetable fresh
the soil,with
from
a
crispness and freshness that
It is easy
to grow.
has.
"boughten" lettuce never
TO
HOW
MAKE
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
31
earlyspring crop must be started in the
in the
be made
in March, but sowings may
coldframe
from April to October.
Lettuce
requiresa rich
open
and
moist
soil,with fertilizers containing much
nitrogen and that act quickly.
The
very
P
Grand
Rapids
lettuce plants taken
to
Thin
make
open.
flat
ready
coldframe, grow the crop thickly
will have many
plants, small and tender.
you
allow the plants to
out to 3 inches apart and
be set out in the
a
growth. Then
they may
If
and
from
transplant
sown
in the
HOW
32
TO
MAKE
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
Rapids is a good, loose-headed
type
and is good for early forcing; for the main
crop there
number
of good varieties but one
of the best
are
a
Curled
known
is Salamander.
Simpson is a secondlettuce must
be
early crop. During the hot weather
protected from the sun to get the best results. The
The
romaine
Grand
varieties resist the heat
Beets
be
may
sown
the
ground can
vegetable,good for
as
hardiest
the
it will
sandy soil,
both
grow
early
worked; as
as
be
grown.
well.
its roots
in
the
this
and
While
the
almost
anywhere
beet
spring
succulent
tops, is
likes
a
if the
one
of
light,
ground
is well tilled.
in
be sown
extra-early crop, seeds may
boxes in February or March, and transplanted to the
be sown
ground later. The seed may
thickly,
open
and as the roots
be pulled to give
they may
grow
for the others. Make
more
room
sowings two weeks
apart throughout the season.
Egyptian, Eclipse,
For
and
an
Edmand's
three very
are
useful varieties.
Another
hardy vegetable is the pea.
They may
be sown
the ground can
be worked, but
as
soon
as
the ground should
be deeply worked
and thoroughly
soil will do, but it should
stirred. Almost
not be
any
made
to
too rich, as the plants will run
too much
vine.
Sow
later
a
sow
only
the
the
wrinkled
successional
Plant
rows
in
varieties
smooth
varieties
and
first,
every
two
a
weeks
little
for
crop.
double
being from
rows,
6
to
2 to 4 feet apart
8
inches
apart, the
according to variety.
TO
HOW
MAKE
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
33
be planted early, 1 inch
heavy land they may
the depth
deep ; in light,2 inches. Later in the season
In
should
to
be
avoid
Cultivation
increased.
injuring
the
roots
should
and
to
be
shallow
the
conserve
moisture.
The
the
The
dwarf
half-dwarf
and
varieties
are
best
for
they will need the least support.
latter may
be given in form of brush
wire.
or
O'Rourke
Daniel
is best for the early crop, followed
by Nott's Excelsior and Champion of England.
small
The
young
garden
tomato
as
succumbs
plants should
to
be set out
not
15, in the latitude of New
As
frost
readily,so the
until May
10 or
York.
used exclusivelyin a
general thing, manure
hill of rich garden soil gives too much
vine growth.
A dressing of nitrate of soda, acid phosphate, and
muriate of potash, applied in the hill and well mixed
a
A
mess
of
early
peas
34
with
HOW
the
TO
MAKE
A
soil,gives
the
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
best
results.
Use
one-half
soda, two pounds of acid phosphate,
of potash to
and one-half pound of muriate
ate
acid phosphate and the muriten plants. The
every
be applied in the hill and mixed
of potash may
with the soil before the plants are set, and the nitrate
the plant four or
of soda applied to the surface near
five days after setting. Do not let the nitrate touch
the plant.
Tomato
plants should be set about 4 feet apart.
Set the plants low
trifle lower than the surface
a
of the garden.
In garden culture, the greatest yield and
best
conditions
obtained
for ripening the fruit are
by
trainingthe vines upon a pole or trellis. They should
be tied to the support looselyso as not to choke the
growing stem.
Tomatoes
be regularly but carefullycultivated.
must
In working around
large plants, there is
danger that the fine rootlets which are to reinforce
it through its bearing season
be cut. It is better
may
and conserve
moisture
ing
to discourage weeds
by drawthe soil over
the hill about the plants,instead of
cutting into it with a hoe.
Sweet corn
is one
of the products of the vegetablegarden which must be eaten very quickly after it has
been picked, if it is to be enjoyed to the utmost.
It
be growoi
can
on
rich,well-drained soil,and it
any
does not need
the soil so thoroughly preto have
pared
is
for some
of the other garden
as
necessary
crops, like onions, for instance,or strawberries.
pound of
nitrate
of
"
Tomato
plants
may
be
(35)
trained
to
stak'
TO
HOW
36
Plant
the
cherries
hold
far
are
pretty much
true
better
all
over
the
country, and
is
settingany absolute dates, because it is
accurate, being a better indication of the
than
more
of the
advance
The
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
extra-earlyand early varieties when the
in bloom; the second-early and
main
in flower.
This rule will
the apples are
when
crops
MAKE
season.
distance
apart to plant
varies
according
to the variety. If you
are
going to use a wheel hoe,
the dwarf, extra-earlyforms, like Peep o'Day and
Golden
Bantam, should be planted as close as 2 feet,
while the second-earlies
should
be planted 3 feet
man,
apart, and the late varieties,like Country Gentlecorn
4 feet.
The
earliest sweet
growing is Peep
which
o'Day, a corn
only 2\^ feet high and
grows
bears two
close to the ground. You
ears
never
get
this corn
in market, for the market-gardener would
consider
it worth
not
growing; but for the home
garden it is well worth putting in a few feet of drill
of this variety,in order to get the earliest possible
corn
worth
corn.
Golden
Bantam, Early Fordhook, Early Adams,
Early Cory, and the White-cob
Cory are all early
varieties.
early sweet
sweet
which
corns
Golden
Bantam
corns.
in that
It is
the
is
one
of the best of these
distinguishedfrom the other
kernels are
a
golden yellow,
and early.
It is very
sweet
gives it its name.
such midcome
Closelyfollowingthese in season
varieties as Early Cosmopolitan, Champion,
season
week's
is really about
Crosby's Early. There
a
38
HOW
TO
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
MAKE
and Golden
Self-blanchingare
plants. White Plume
good early varieties.
This method
gives the best flavor,but boards or
placed closely to the plants to exclude the
paper
be used.
lightmay
out-of-doors
in April.
be sown
The late crop may
is hot and
If the weather
dry, shade the plants.
Trcading-in
carefully firmed
the
celery seed.
after
the
seed
It
is necessary
is sown
to
that
the ground
bring the moisture
be
to
surface.
Set
Transplant when the third or fourth leaf comes.
for the
as
firmly and cultivate cleanly. Blanch
in
early varieties. Celery requires a rich soil one
which there is much
nitrogen.
is a tender
The
bean
vegetable,and should not
be planted until the weather
is settled and the soil
and
loose. No
warm
vegetable seed decays more
"
MAKE
TO
HOW
quickly. Almost
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
39
soil will do if it be well enriched
any
well worked.
and
Beans
planted
are
apart, in
shallow
planting.
Bush
lima
beans
are
drills.
beans
limas
bush
apart and
inches
2
are
a
deep
Firm
and
the
inches
after
ground
planted in
little farther
generallyplanted
3
2
rows
apart.
feet
Pole
in hills 2 to 4 feet
apart.
The
various
kinds
of
stringbeans, green
and
wax,
planted at intervals of two weeks from the first
planting until August. Of the lima beans, which
take, a longer season
to mature, only one
planting is
For the small garden, the bush
limas
usuallymade.
be planted much
to be preferred,as
are
they may
closer and
there need be no
unsightly poles. The
in the planting
noted
best varieties of beans
are
are
table.
THE
LATE-STARTED
GARDEN
large proportion of amateur
deners
garwith the problem of startinga
confronted
are
garden after most of the others have finished planting,
harvested
of the early birds have even
and some
some
early plantings.
All the best of the vegetables,such as beans, sweet
and
cucumbers, will mature
muskmelons,
corn,
is simply
If one
in June.
when
sown
good crops even
return
in the country, and must
spending the summer
to the city early in September, then
only the more
quickly maturing kinds should be planted; but, if
Every
year
a
HOW
40
TO
MAKE
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
the stay is to last until cold weather
in,a larger
sets
be grown.
variety of vegetables may
The
quickest-growing vegetable that one
may
is the radish.
In rich,moist soil,radishes will
grow
from sowing the seeds.
be ready to eat in three weeks
of good radishes is rapid growth; slowThe
secret
growing radishes are usually too fiery.
For flavor in salads,plant a little mustard, which
will be ready for eating in thirty days, or even
less.
be frequent sowings. Lettuce
There must
sown
early
in June
will be ready to eat in July and
August.
But good lettuce in summer
is hard to grow,
for the
plants are very apt to throw out seed-stalks without
If
having previously produced good, edible heads.
the ground is rich and moist, and the soil is stirred
three or four days, so that it has no chance to
every
bake, good heads will be formed.
KEEP
The
grown
LETTUCE
position in
also makes
OUT
the
a
OF
THE
SUN
garden where
the
difference.
Select
a
lettuce
is
spot where
plants will be shaded a little from the intense
The
difference.
midday sun.
variety also makes
a
The
crisp,heading type, of which Iceberg is the best
known, stands the heat much better than the cabbage
type. A good hot-weather
variety of this latter
the
type is All Seasons.
that does not
Spinach is another summer
green
take kindly to hot summer
weather, but, if seeds of
the large-leaved varieties are
planted, they will
HOW
TO
MAKE
produce good,
excellent
leaves in
edible
substitute
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
for the
and
July
August. An
spinach is the
is reallya figcut off, cooked
common
Zealand
spinach; this
The
tender new
wort.
growths are
and served the same
as
spinach. It will
of heat and drought.
amount
so-called
New
41
stand
any
mmsm:
Brussels
Bush
beans
Sprouts
sown
be planted
may
early in
June
in June
will bear
crops
in
supply of tender
beans may
be had all summer
sowings
long if more
made
at intervals of ten days or two
are
weeks, and
The
all the beans picked while they are still tender.
to do better during the
yellow or butter beans seem
hottest weather
than
kinds, and the yellow
green
July and
ones
in
are
August, and
not
so
a
constant
liable to rust
the green
however, the
as
are
varieties ;
latter are
spite of this drawback,
worth
planting. Good varieties of yellow beans are
Butter
Wax, Refugee and
Wax, Round-podded
42
HOW
TO
MAKE
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
StringlessWax; of green beans, StringlessGreenPod, Extra-Early Valentine and Extra-Early Refugee.
early
By planting an early variety of sweet corn
be had in August; and at
in June, edible ears
may
time sowings of the larger-earedvarieties,
the same
like Stowell's Evergreen and
Country Gentleman,
for the early fall crops.
of the
Some
should be made
people make
early varieties are so good that many
frequent plantings. Experienced gardeners prefer
Golden
a
Bantam,
yellow variety. It is sweeter
of the early white
than
most
varieties,and a few
successive sowings will insure an all-summer's
supply.
BEETS
SOWN
IN
JUNE
MATURE
IN
AUGUST
in June,
vegetable which, if it is sown
Use one
will be ready to eat in August, is the beet.
Red
Dark
of the early kinds, like Detroit
or
Early
rather thickly,and as soon
Model ; sow
as
they come
the thinnings for greens.
out and
use
up thin them
better in August than the
These
beets will be much
would
buy from the
larger, older roots that one
for by this time the early-sown beets
green-grocer,
have
become
woody.
the
most
Like
the beets, young
carrots
are
luscious,but they will not be large enough to eat
carrot
quite so quickly as the beets. Early June-sown
seeds produce good roots
early in September. One
the small
should
early or forcing carrots, as
grow
tender
than
the
more
larger, coarser
they are
Another
kind.
HOW
TO
MAKE
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
43
find a place in
should
plants of tomatoes
the June-planted vegetable-garden; but these must
the forethought to
has had
be bought, unless one
start the plants in the window-garden.
Buy early
satisfaction in getting kinds
is no
varieties. There
that are
only just coming into bearing and have a
heavy crop of unripe fruit on when the frosts arrive.
and Chalk's
Such varieties as Earliana
Early Jewel
A
few
will bear
earlier than
most
kinds.
other
vegetables which
everybody likes to grow, and the home-picked muskbe equaled by those
cucumber
melon
or
can
never
that are
bought in the market, because the melons
be left on
the vine until they have
must
acquired a
flavor and
to be at their best.
aroma
Cucumbers,
be absolutelyfresh. They lose
too, to be good must
their crispness in a very
short time, when
being
shipped.
Cucumbers
GET
The
IN
middle
and
SOME
melons
are
MELONS
of June
is
two
AND
none
CUCUMBERS
too
late in northern
plant the seed of melons and cucumbers.
time; they will
Squashes may be planted at the same
earlier.
mature
just as early as though sown
has a good
If you wish to have a vegetable which
turnip flavor and yet is not so strong, grow kohlrabi.
This
is rather
a
peculiar-lookingvegetable. It is
ous
hemispherical in shape, with leaves coming at variplaces,unlike the turnip,all the leaves of which
finer
The
grain is much
spring from the center.
localities to
HOW
44
that
than
MAKE
TO
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
of
the
too
late to
turnip, and
the
is
flavor
more
dehcate.
It is not
for
a
The
one
should
Kohlrabi
is
seeds of
but
for
a
use
at
this
time
Erfurt, Snowball, and
any
first crop
of Early
of the late kinds
it may
be
cabbage
and
in the late
use
flower
cauli-
summer
peculiar-looking vegetable
get plants. The
for
Dwarf
fall crop,
sow
may
best
are
flower
varieties of caulithe
Extra-Early
Of
Snowstorm.
be
sown,
and
bage,
cab-
for the
possiblestill to buy good plants
Jersey Wakefield.
HOW
46
MAKE
TO
GARDEN
THE
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
MONTH
BY
MONTH
JANUARY
While
garden work
should
digging is possible,there is much
actual
no
to
done
be
this
devoted
be
A
now.
month
great deal of time
planning the
to
garden.
Draw
and
on
paper
the
arrange
utilize it the
Decide
entire
that
over
of time
and
plan of your proposed garden,
ground so that you will be able to
a
your
the
labor
only by making
season.
garden will be a
last in efficiencyand
next
devoted
to
it. This
can
vast
provemen
im-
economy
be
done
plans now.
Send for the seedsmen's
catalogues and make
up
order early. This will help the seedsmen
to
your
give you better attention than when the rush season
begins, and will also insure you that you will get all
the varieties you
pected
want, and which, through unexbe out of stock later on.
demands, may
taken
have undervegetables that you never
Try some
before.
to grow
Experiments of this kind
often result in delightfulsurprises.
very
Get all of your garden tools in shape. If any parts
If any tools
worn
or
are
broken, replace them now.
with benzine, and paint with
are
rusty, scrub them
white
lead and
lard.
good time to decide on
garden tools,so that your order may
early.
Now
is
your
a
any
additional
go to the
facturers
manu-
HOW
MAKE
TO
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
47
FEBRUARY
As
the
soon
as
have
you
garden tools and
those
that
are
ordered
decide
seeds,look over
need to replace
your
what
you
out.
worn
Sow, in greenhouse or window-garden, seeds of
for
cabbage, cauliflower,tomatoes, and
peppers
planting outdoors early.
Try some
Jersey Wakefield
cabbage in flats filled
with lightloamy soil. Sow
the seed the last of the
month.
It should
be sown
thinlyand covered lightly.
The
flats may
be placed in a hotbed, or in any warm,
the plants develop, transplant
as
place. As soon
sunny
to flats \}/2inches apart, and expose
to the air
the
is favorable.
when
weather
be
They may
removed
Sow
to
a
coldframe
in March.
Prizetaker
some
greenhouse, late in
the open ground in rows
ground is in working
onions
the
or
be set 3 inches
and
month,
condition.
hotbed
transplant to
foot apart
one
a
as
The
soon
as
the
plants should
apart.
Spread heavily
well-rotted
in flats in
over
your
during
manure
rhubarb
the
dressing of
a
latter
part
of
the
month.
If
you
would
like
rhubarb, place a headless
more
sturdy plants, and
around
them.
Cover
The
satisfaction
well
repay
you
in the
of
extra-early stalks
some
the
barrel
top of the
these
little time
operation.
a
pile fresh
having
for the
over
few
of
of the
horse-manure
barrel
early
and
lightly.
stalks
trouble
will
volved
in-
MAKE
TO
HOW
48
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
MARCH
As
the
as
soon
be
ground can be worked, peas may
of the early, smooth
varieties are
planted. Any
good for this purpose.
be planted as soon
the
as
Spinach seeds may
The
be worked.
ground can
plants will take the
in the fall.
place of that sown
Do not let potatoes that have been kept for seed
be stored in a temperature
that
sprout. They must
is low, say, near
the freezingpoint. Pick out all
decayed specimens.
the end of the month, sow
the seeds of
Toward
artichokes
for next
year's.crop.
They like a rich,
deep, sandy loam. If you have old plants,give them
forked in.
a dressing of old, well-rotted
manure,
Sow
lettuce
intervals
repay
and
of ten
days
Asparagus beds
of bone
meal
Barnyard
Cover
or
for the time
you
or
They
at
will well
better
for
a
good commercial
too
many
top-dressing
fertilizer.
weed
seeds.
ing
clumps with pilesof fermentwant
to force some
early stalks.
rhubarb
if you
manure
other
hotbed
attention.
and
will do
in the
weeks.
two
introduces
manure
the
seeds
radish
APRIL
You
gain time by startingbeans, both the
stringvariety and limas, in pots, to be transplanted
outdoors when
all danger of frost is past. Four weeks
before planting-out time is sufficient to start them.
can
HOW
on
method
inverted
sods
a
row
summer.
The
roots.
of
Be
garden.
sow
you
all
gaining time
which, later on, can
Another
into the
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
MAKi:
TO
to
sure
sow
49
plant beans
put directly
is to
be
beet
some
seed.
If
thickly,they will produce
Always thin out by pulling the larger
of seeds
tops
of
beets
young
excellent
make
greens.
cabbage and cauliflower seed
in beds for transplanting,for the late
out-of-doors
and
The
fall crops.
summer
early plants that are
the
in the frames
should
be transplanted as soon
as
off
to harden
ground is ready for them, but be sure
ing
plants from hotbed and coldframe before transplantYou
can
now
sow
them.
be
Celery may
for the main
sown
in seed-beds
now
out-of-doors
crop.
carefullythe eggplants that
have been
sown
earlier,as a check to their growth
be serious. Transplant to either paper
would
now
the pots are
or
large enough.
clay pots, but be sure
Spade a good dressingof fertilizer into the asparagus
bed.
This work
be done
must
carefully,so as
not to injure the crowTis.
Be
A
to
sure
small
amount
be
useful
be
ready for
should
for
some
the
of
in two
use
as
and
mustard
weeks.
and
in pots in the
seeds
will
plants will
Successive
sowings
salads.
long as they
muskmelons
seeds
and
cress
seasoning
be made
Start
sowing
water
are
The
wanted.
cucumbers
coldframe
now,
or
on
by
verted
in-
sods.
Parsnips
and
salsifythat
have
been
left in the
HOW
50
MAKE
TO
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
be
should
all winter
ground
A
they start into
of these vegetables,sow
before
new
dug now,
growth. For
seeds
as
soon
and
stored
new
crops
the
as
ground
be worked.
can
of
for
water
parsley in warm
doors.
twenty-four hours before sowing in the ground outThese
seeds are very slow to germinate.
Sow
varieties of peas just as soon
smooth
the
as
For later plantings,use
the
ground can be worked.
wrinkled
varieties. The
ground should be prepared
for the wrinkled
than
deeply, and should be warmer
Soak
for the
smooth
If you
flats and
head
to
get the early potatoes,
sprout the tubers
before
use
an
early
planting them.
be done
can
As
varieties.
wish
variety and
This
seeds
the
soon
by placing the potatoes in shallow
keeping them in a light,warm
place.
the ground can
be worked, sow
both
as
and
loose lettuce seeds outdoors.
leeks.
delicate flavor
They have a more
than onions.
As soon
the plants get started,thin
as
to 6 inches apart, and blanch
them
by placing brown
collars on them, held in place by small stakes.
paper
Try
some
If you
artichokes
want
to have
from
they should be started at once
The
latter
are
better because
named
for next
seed
or
varieties
year,
plants.
can
be
obtained.
One
row
of Swiss
chard
will
supply
an
ordinary
family with greens all summer.
Sow
as
spinach seeds as soon
possible,planting
Long-standing, or a similar heat-resistingvariety,
for earlysummer
use.
As
MAKE
TO
HOW
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
51
the
radish
sow
ground can be worked
seeds. Use the turnip-rooted varieties for the early
in twent}^ days. If you want
They will mature
crop.
as
soon
earlier crops,
Be
sow
that
sure
your
in the
to
plants get careful
water.
Transplant to
be
sure
pepper
attention, especially as
or
clay pots, and
paper
largeenough.
Tomatoes
in the coldframe.
the seed
coldframe
the
that
hotbed
or
pots
should
are
be
as
they have
transplanted to paper
pots as soon
good root-growth. They will make sturdier plants.
MAY
In
settingout tomatoes, eggplants,and
the weather
be
sure
no
frost,a sudden
that
is settled.
Even
drop in temperature
at
peppers,
if there is
night may
kill them.
Do
let the
not
They will rot if the weather
ground must be quite warm
of the
middle
in the
they appear
plant pole and bush
not
month
Pull
flower.
when
flower-stalks
Do
rhubarb
lima
out
the
clumps.
beans
is cold and
early.
rainy. The
too
germinate them. The
will generally be found
early
to
enough.
After
some
a
May
more
every
plant sweet
ten days or
com,
two
and
weeks
then
put in
to maintain
succession.
If you
to
15
started
transplant them.
outside
for
a
is the time
glass,now
the ground is warm,
sow
beets under
When
succession.
HOW
52
MAKE
TO
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
Cabbages generallydo best on freshlyturned sod.
They should be set out before the land has had time
rich land.
to dry out after plowing. Cabbage needs
Put
all the
on
manure
the end
Toward
It
ground.
open
can
you
of the
month, plant melons
is useless
has
after settled weather
spare.
to
put
arrived.
in the
them
out
They
require
until
a
soil.
rich,well-manured
of peas.
Be sure
Use
to provide for a succession
first the early smooth
varieties;later,plant the
weeks.
kinds for two
wrinkled
Wire poultry-netting
is excellent for trainingup the pea-vines.
A
of starting cucumber
seeds is in
good way
inverted
sods
If you
want
some
or
pots.
paper
like dandelions
for
use
as
a
salad
or
greens
spring, the seeds should
tap-root requires a whole year
next
The
planted now.
produce a good whorl of leaves.
It is wise and practicalto sift dry wood-ashes
cabbage, cucumber, and squash plants before
flea beetle
has
had
a
chance
to
establish
and
be
to
on
the
itself near
them.
of preventing
method
highly recommended
the striped beetle from harming melons, cucumbers,
and
as
squashes, is to protect each hill as soon
planted with a frame covered with mosquito netting.
Don't
forget that weeds will get a good start in
soft muggy
The
days and
May if you let them.
for growing
ideal conditions
frequent rains make
at the
well squelch them
as
weeds, and you may
A
start.
HOW
54
TO
that
closely,so
soon
as
melon
MAKE
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
you
fight the striped beetle
may
it appears.
vines
with
It is
wise
a
cheesecloth-covered
If you
the
borer, cover
with
there
would
the northern
In
some
melon
good
crop
can
be
It is also not
northern
and,
the
stem-
squash vines here and
that they can
take root.
it is not too late to plant
if the fall is
a
late one,
a
very
had.
too
late to
Those
states.
loss from
as
the
states
seeds
until
its ravages.
attention
same
prevent
jointsof
little soil,so
a
the
the
cover
boxes
withstand
they are tough enough to
much
Squashes need
melons.
practiceto
as
plant
lima
in the
beans
of the tall varieties
that
are
already up should be trained on poles.
Be
trellises for the
to provide stakes
sure
or
Where
tomatoes.
neither is convenient, put down
brush
This
will
for the plants to run
some
over.
keep the fruit cleaner and drier and lessen the chances
of rot.
Plan
well take
Keep
to
sow
the
place of
the ground
free from
and
turnips for fall use.
some
weeds.
drills,
they should
some
about
They
may
of the earlier crops.
well stirred
the onions
If onions
be thinned
been
have
to 4
or
sown
5 inches
in
apart.
JULY
Just
because
the
asparagus
is not
a
producing
for neglecting
is no reason
throughout the summer
will
it. Keep it thoroughly cultivated, and you
find that such a policywill pay you well next spring.
crop
TO
HOW
MAKE
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
July 1 is not too late
pods of this vegetable are
harvested
are
for
The
hot
New
summer
the
winter
with
a
months,
and
The
be
spinach. As
late
a
be
well
to
sown
a
during the
take
the
rule,only
the
large radishes
sowing of
to
sure
to
the
spray
keep down
do better
the
put in
peas,
vines
the mildew
troubled.
are
than
If too many
be dried
may
eaten.
are
late peas
months
thrives
may
fungicide,in order
which
they
The
months.
spinach
If you
want
to try
Daniel
O'Rourke, but
with
okra.
some
in soups.
use,
Zealand
place of the common
tipsof the growth
plant
used
for immediate
during
use
to
55
small
during
the
varieties.
hot
Try
mer
sum-
some.
Certain
and
of the varieties may
be stored for winter use,
will keep fresh all winter and be as mild as the
first
spring radishes.
cabbage, cauhflower, and
celeryplants. This, of course, may follow some
early
You
still set
may
out
crop.
You
take
can
a
sow
chance
corn
on
the
July 1, if you
frosts being late.
about
want
Plant
to
an
early variety.
If you
germinate well during
the hot summer
in a
be sown
weather, they must
moist, shaded
place. Only the hot- weather-loving
varieties should be planted.
Do
not
forget to spray potatoes with bordeaux
mixture containing arsenate
of lead or other arsenical
would
poison, if you
prevent any bad effects from
the blight.
want
lettuce
seeds to
TO
HOW
50
MAKE
that
Remember
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
rhubarb
requiresplenty of manure.
Wise
gardeners sow
of
rows
under
give
at
corn
the
you
last
sow
be
succession.
They can
has been
occupied by
cabbage or spinach.
If
with
feeder
between
in order
on
the
the
turned
soil and
to maintain
ground
of the early crops
put
some
beets
some
for fall
the
to
and
that
like
They will be found
remarkably tender when ready to pull.
the melons, cucumbers, and squashes
you spray
bordeaux
and
mixture, mildew
blight will be
Sow
to be
clover
humus
beans
wax
gross
cultivating. This,
spring,will add
cheap nitrogen.
to
a
crimson
next
Continue
a
is
use.
held in check.
AUGUST
It is not
too
late to
make
a
last
sowing of the
early table sorts of beets for a succession.
The
be ready
early crop of cabbage should now
for harvesting. Give good cultivation to the main
the bugs and the worms.
crop, in order to keep down
the onions are
As soon
well formed, begin to
as
them.
harvest
They should lie on the ground until
barn
well cured in the air and then be placed on
a
other floor and
or
spread out thinly for a thorough
drying.
The
last crop of celery may
still be set out early
in the month
if the rows
hoed frequently and the
are
plants are kept growing.
Did
drain-tiles for
ever
you
try the common
TO
HOW
MAKE
A
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
blanching celery? Put them
the latter are
half-grown.
tops from
the
over
the
Cut
the
Cut
off the
old
tops of asparagus
the
old
stubs
57
plants when
plants toward
If you
the end of the month.
do not do this,the
seeds will fall and
germinate in places where they
ought not to be.
asparagus
close to
the
sticking up are hkely to
scratch the hands when
harvesting next year's crop.
Burning the tops will effectuallydestroy the seeds.
the garden often.
This will make
Cultivate
a
the moisture, and
and
conserve
good dust mulch
is important this
the
of moisture
conservation
ground,
as
month.
cabbage and other
crops, plan for future fertilization by planting seeds
of rye or of vetch and the other legumes. These
can
in next
be turned
spring, in order to make
green
When
harvested
have
you
fertilizer.
week, radishes,beans, and lettuce for
supply of fresh vegetables for the early fall.
Sow
a
every
If you
would
have
an
season, sow
middle of the month.
with
up
and
bordeaux
sweet
corn
the
and blight on
fight against mildew
melons
by spraying at regular intervals
the
mixture.
If your potatoes have become
infested with
they will not keep well through the winter.
after the
of
at the end
extra-early variety before
the
Keep
squashes
some
blightand
the
of lead in bordeaux
bugs by spraying with
mixture.
blight,
Keep
ate
arsen-
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
MAKE
TO
HOW
58
SEPTEMBER
nearly time to get ready for winter in the
be harvested
must
vegetable-garden. Many
crops
which
before any damage is done by the earlyfrosts,
It's
toward
come
The
and
beets
of the month.
end
the
should
carrots
should
be stored
in
be
housed
before
cool
place,and will
in sand.
do well if they are
imbedded
In storing
that they
so
beets, be careful not to injure them
bleed,because they lose in quality if they are bruised.
is an
In banking the
celery, which
important
part of the work of the month, be careful not to get
it to rot.
earth into the heart, which will cause
frost.
They
Sow
lettuce in coldframes
some
early winter
It
use.
of the other
many
a
It is not
for fall and
will be
appreciated when
things of the garden are gone.
late to
too
now
radishes
some
sow
so
in cold-
frames.
should
Rhubarb
a
serves
and
double
the
mulched
be
purpose
enrichment
with
It
manure.
for the winter
^i^rotc^ction
of the ground for the next
"
spring'scrop.
If you
have
not
asparagus-bed, do
the
already
so
at
cut
once,
off the tops from
and
be
to
sure
the
burn
tops.
Another
melon
and
wise
precaution is
squash vines as soon
to
collect
all of the
they are through
gardeners defer this
been
killed by frost.
Some
bearing and burn them.
operation until the vines have
As the garden approaches the
as
end
of the
season,
TO
HOW
MAKE
keep it cleaned
should
plants
then
be
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
All refuse
up.
that
sure
A
insect
dead
burned.
and
gathered
any
and
59
pests which
vines
and
You
are
they
be
may
destroyed.
Be sure
to store the squashes and pumpkins in a
cool,dry place,but one that is free from frost.
lima beans
the shell and
should be picked
Both
be then
before the frosts kill the plants. They may
harboring
shelled
for winter
digging
hours.
the
dried
and
After
days
are
Put
in
an
use.
potatoes, dry them
the
for
bags and store them
airy place, and then they are
for
into
them
a
a
ready
few
few
for
cellar.
of sweet
Growers
potatoes find that they will keep
dug before the vines
frost. They have to be sweated
better
if
touched
are
before
with
being
the
stored.
OCTOBER
celeryout of the ground.
Dig chicory,and store in damp sand.
Clean
and fertilize the asparagus
patch.
endive
Blanch
by tying the tipstogether.
the
Get
If you
have
White
grub
Transplant
winter
no
set out
asparagus,
some
now.
is
easilydestroyed by fall spading.
for
some
parsley into window-boxes
use.
Start
well with
Clean
excellent
rhubarb-patch this month,
a
and
mulch
manure.
up
all
shelter
cabbage
for
stumps.
cabbage
worms.
They
provide
HOW
GO
MAKE
TO
VEGETABLE-GARDEN
A
Parsnips should not be harvested, excepting as
for use.
wanted
They have a better flavor if left in
the ground.
and rhubarb, dig
If you have plenty of asparagus
of the roots for forcing in the cellar. The
up some
will do
heat
furnace
Squash bugs
garden, and
it.
be
can
found
boards
under
laid in
easily destroyed. They seek
shelter under
the boards
during the night.
Spade up the garden and leave it rough over
will be
winter.
Many
pests, including cutworms,
destroyed by the loosening up of the ground and
the
thus
of their cells.
destruction
consequent
NOVEMBER
planted spinach,give it a lightmulch
of litter or straw.
Use just enough to hold a little
and prevent alternate thawing and freezing.
snow
of good, wellrhubarb
should
have a mulch
Your
is a, gross feeder, and the
Rhubarb
rotted manure.
If you
mulch
have
will
serve
and
the
double
of winter
purpose
tection
pro-
soil nourishment.
good time to attend to hotbed repairs
and
all the sash not in use
and repainting. Gather
store in a dry place.
Before putting your
garden tools in winter quarters,
is
Now
them
look
broken
them
a
and
over
If any
paint with
of the
parts.
and
lard and
one
part of
order
tools
renewals
are
for
rusty,
any
scour
coating of three parts of
powdered resin,melted together.
a
thin
A
studying planting tables of
PLANTING
TABLE
kinds, we are convinced
many
will find this the most
helpful and practical table
been
which
has ever
tor planting vegetables
published. In using
hundred
miles north or south.
the table, allow ten days for every
one
After
that the
amateur
(62)
FOR
VEGETABLES
of the latitude
throughout
to have
When
a
of New
the
York
followed
City. If this table is carefullj^
it will make
it possible ior the amateur
succession
of vegetables until late in the fall.
summer,
constant
selecting varieties, it is best
Thin
or
Transplant
Season
24
36
X
of
local seedsmen.
the
Cultural
Information
Crop
(inches)
to
consult
to
French
September
Grow
Globe
is
in rich
soil.
the
3G
X
April-Juno
Bears
three
slightprotection.
Barr's
if given
years
Mammoth,
best
White
has
off and
Cut
x24
June, July
As
to frost
30
Aug.
to
frost
stalks.
Needs
lightlyfirst season.
burn
stalks
For
in fall.
early
main
plant
crop
Broad
crop.
of
off
commercial
Needs
X
metto,
Palmoth
Mam-
pods have formed,
plant to force
top
into
strength
pods.
For
early crop
plant Henderson's;
second
early, Dreer's; main
crop,
Plant the "eye" down.
Large Bush.
Use
36
white
or
When
break
Aug.
for two
varieties.
bed
hardy as peas.
Early Mazagan;
Windsor.
gathered
are
Colossal, and
green
rich soil. Cut
12
sort.
for the
fiower-heads, which
they open.
before
24
standard
Is grown
fertilizer in
row.
land.
warm
early
plant Early Sieva;
crop
early. Early Jersey; main
Large White; late crop, Dreer's
crop.
Use
10-foot
Pole.
poles and plant
before
them
putting in the beans.
For
early crop plant Early Valentine;
main
second
early, Refugee
Wax;
Golden
late
Wax;
Early
crop,
crop.
For
second
12
x24
July
on
Sow
Valentine.
every
two
weeks
for succession.
36
X
36
Aug.
to
frost
For
early
crop
plant Kentucky
Caseknife
Dutch
Wife
bear
IVo
9x18
July
on
are
good,
but
der.
Won-
and
later.
Lazy
All
will
until frost.
For
second
Egyptian;
early crop,
main
early.Eclipse;
Edmand's;
crop,
late crop,
Sow
Egyptian.
rieties
early vatwo
weeks, using beets
every
when
(63)
small
and
tender.
A
(64)
PLANTING
TABLE
FOR
VEGETABLES,
Thin
or
Transplant
continued
Season
(inches)
to
24
x3G
of
Cultural
Crop
July
Oct.
to
Information
better
cauliflower, but
adapted than it for the cool North.
For
early crop
Early White;
grow
Similar
to
main
Mammoth
crop,
White
^or
"
Purple Cape.
IS
X
36
October
Good
on
varieties
x36
July
touched
Are
hardy, so
during winter if
cornstalks.
or
protected with straw
field;
early, plant Early Jersey Wakesecond
early, All-Head; main
For
on
early
August
Good
on
Flat
Late
Large Solid.
about
18
July
grown.
Large
are
Grow
on
Spanish,
rich ground.
with
stems
early
For
crop
which
on
feet high tie tops together,
and draw
earth
straw
3
protect
X
Late
land
on
were
peas
varieties
When
Dutch.
planted
be
can
x36
frost.
by
be left outdoors
crop.
24
Island, Salgood until
Not
may
24
Long
are
keith, Half-Dwarf.
blanch.
to
crop
plant Early
crop
of
Forcing;
Danvers;
early, main
crop,
late crop,
tinuous
Early Forcing. For con-
on
second
24
X
18
July
to
Oct,
small
tender
roots
bi-weekly.
sow
For
earliest
earliest Dwarf
sov/
crop
Erfurt; second
main
crop,
August
6x48
For
on
earliest
crop,
24
June
to
frost
No
choice
Giant
of
like nitrate
X
grow
crop
early, Golden
abundance
as
cool
a
White
Plume;
Self-blanching;
Pascal.
Cook
x36
Aug.
to
frost
and
an
manure
of soda.
to
varieties.
Commence
serve
6
inches
formed.
like beet greens.
early plant Peep o'Day; second
midseason,
Bantam;
early, Golden
main
Crosby's Twelve-rowed;
crop,
two
weeks, Stowell's
plant every
For
Evergreen.
(65)
Give
nitrogenous
leaves
cutting when
are
leaves will be
high. New
36
weather
soil.
rich, moist
second
main
Needs
Erfurt.
Dwarf
and
early,Early Snowball;
Algiers;late crop. Earliest
A
(66)
PLANTING
TABLE
FOR
VEGETABLES,
Thin
continued
or
Transplant
Cultural
Information
(inches)
to
June
6x6
Grown
on
mostly
substitute
outdoors
Of
on
all winter
the
it will
can
be grown
live
a
tection
pro-
leaves.
cress
Curled
sow
weeks;
again; water
grow
in
damp
soil
or
when
two
every
cut
Good
Will
if given
or
garden
Upland
salad.
lettuce.
of straw
June
fall
for
for
cress
well
as
as
in water.
July
frost
to
early crop
Early
grow
Spine; second
early, Cool and
For
main
plants indoors
12
30
X
X
18
36
Grown
Following
spring
Aug.
for pot
York
New
there
12
Sept. through
IS
not
crop,
White
Make
successive
weeks.
or
give the same
Good
cabbage.
Dwarf
Green, Curled
and
Brown.
For
early
Early
bulbs
June
to
frost
For
are
early,grow
main
(67)
crop.
hot
weather
hot
midday
Siberian
in
Short-leaved
grow
or
in frames;
Vienna.
3 inches
head; second
as
are
Scotch, Dwarf
Vienna
Vienna
White
attention
early "greens."
crop
White
Early
Purple
or
store
use
varieties
Sow
for
September
Aug., Sept.
two
every
winter
in the cellar.
Curled
x24
main
Broad-leaved.
sowing
For
for
12
riety.
va-
and
Curled;
Curled
three
Grow
September
best
in garden
set
sow
Green
plants
X
is the
Spineless
early,
For
winter
12
few
They
plants
ground is thoroughly warm
is no
danger of frost.
until
X
herb.
a
sods.
are
greatly
is
by blanching, which
done
with
by covering
an
A-shaped
varieties
French
trough. Good
are
Garden, Thick-leaved, Large-leaved.
Do
12
inverted
on
Crisp;
Start
improved
frost
to
Green.
Long
crop.
White
main
Gather
Early
crop,
when
in diameter.
Grand
Rapids, a looseearly, Curled
Simpson;
Salamander.
protect
sun.
lettuce
During
from
A
(68)
PLANTING
TABLE
A
(70)
PLANTING
TABLE
FOR
VEGETABLES,
Thin
or
Transplant
continued
Season
(inches)
to
of
Cultural
Crop
June
frost
to
For
early
second
O'Rourke;
Elxcelsior;main
of England;
late,
Late crop subject
Champion
Daniel
July
Daniel
crop,
early, Nott's
crop,
to
Information
O'Rourke.
mildew.
These
are
edible-podded peas
picked while the pea or
stillsmall and the pod tender.
which
seed
are
broken
are
cooked,
up,
is
They
and
served
like string beans.
18
x36
12
X
24
IS
X
36
July
frost
For
on
For
to
early, plant Neapolitan; secondmain
early, BuUnose;
Ruby
crop,
King.
Neapolitan has a very sweet
fif^h and
July
is the
early
early. Beauty
X
lOS
Two
September
Plant
rot.
in
For
25
for
pies
Must
be
(45"),dry place
warm
Mature
mixture
early, plant early
Sugar
are
stored
in
room.
save
Scarlet
a
will
they
or
to
corn
among
and
weeks.
two
every
crop,
Mountain.
bordeaux
Dunkard.
main
Green
or
varieties
good
and
1,
second
Rose;
of Hebron;
No.
Spray with
paris green
for cooking.
Early
crop,
Carman
lOS
best
Turnip
Breakfast
Forcing; second, French
Long
winter,
Scarlet. For
days
and
Black
Half-Long
successive
3x8
Oct. to Feb.
Roots
be
can
they and
salads.
x48
May
to
July
It has
good
and
plant
horse
of
Martins
St.
are
To
it
with
are
good
winter
over
damp
stews,
Sandwich
and
Mammoth
(71)
seed
fresh
manure.
Store
in
in
sand
damp
smallest
put
surround
White
Long
winter
or
get the earliest
barrel
headless
over
varieties.
rhubarb,
Sept. through
the
Victoria,
Linnaeus,
all
in
radishes,
be served
vegetable.
any
48
can
roots
week.
a
like
leaves
Store
in cellar.
once
eaten
the
Make
Spanish.
sowings
sand.
etc.
Used
varieties.
in
to
cellar
flavor
Island
Hardy.
packed
soups,
A
(72)
PLANTING
TABLE
FOR
Deep
How
Plant
to
(inches)
R.
S.=
continued
VEGETABLES,
=
roots
Thin
or
Transplant
to
Season
of
Cultural
Crop
(inches)
Information
seeds
May
to
August
Sow
Winter
early
mulch
of
for
good
July
to
.Sept.
Not
Thick-leaved
spring
true
a
leaves
Bush, 36
Late, 72
X
x
48
00
Aug.
throu^^h
winter
For
when
Use
early
crop.
Yellow
Au";.
4
X
IS
Aug. through
8
X
30
winter
to
frost
branches
lime
or
Scallop,
These
For
winter
or
are
use,
Hubbard.
ashes.
to
protect from
cutworms.
Early Milan; secondearly, grow
Globe; late
early,Purple-Top White
For
Very
Rutabaga.
be
sown
with
inches
or
need
August.
squash vegetable. Must
as
fully mature,
English
squashes.
summer
inches
20
9
long. Italian
long.
picked
grows
latter
The
until July
delicious
be
(73)
of
not
Earliana; secondearly crop, grow
early,Early Jewell; main crop, Acme
of plant
and
Stone.
stem
Wrap
with
brown
in
before
planting
open
crop.
August
Bush
heat
will
For
not
x48
White
Marrow
Boston
paper
3G
of the
Crookneck.
with
Dust
4S
spinach
ends
squashes.
grow
X
the
the
leaves.
summer
3G
with
standing,
Long-
straw.
or
it withstands
as
and
fall for
Long
Season, Victoria
spring sowing.
stitute
spinach, but a good sub-
midsummer
grow.
in
Protect
use.
before