ANTRAG Zusammenfassung und HTA-Literatur
ANTRAG Zusammenfassung und HTA-Literatur ASA Assoziation Schweizerischer Ärztegesellschaften für Akupunktur und Chinesische Medizin Sekretariat: Postfach, CH-8575 Bürglen Telefon 071 634 66 19, Telefax 071 634 66 18 E-Mail [email protected] Internet http://www.akupunktur-tcm.ch Zusatzinformationen im Schlussbericht Programm Evaluation Komplementärmedizin PEK: http://www.bag.admin.ch/themen/krankenversicherung/00263/ 00264/04102/index.html Summary Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was reimbursed by the statutory health insurance in Switzerland („Obligatorische Krankenpflegeversicherung“ (OKP)) between 2000 and 2005. A project was set up specifically to evaluate TCM, as well as other 4 systems and methods of complementary medical care from a scientifically sound perspective. The decision to stop granting these 5 systems of complementary medical care OKP reimbursement at the end of the evaluation period after 2005 was not based on scientific facts but was at least in parts politically motivated. After the referendum decision in favour of anchoring “the duty to consider complementary medical care approaches” in the constitution, a new application for automatic reimbursement is being submitted based on new data. TCM is to be applied exclusively by specially trained and certified doctors (“certificate of special ability in acupuncture and TCM”) if warranted by the indication, the resulting costs are to be reimbursed by the OKP. Any indication covering the whole spectrum of medicine may warrant TCM treatment if treatment by conventional medical practice is not absolutely necessary. This explicitly excludes diseases which have been proven to respond most efficiently to conventional treatment or where conventional medical treatment is needed to prevent damage for the patient. For many diseases, Western medicine is not able to either supply any treatment which is able to deal with the causes of the disease, or to supply any treatment which leads to a satisfactory measure of healing or improvement in the patient’s suffering. The symptomatic pharmacological treatment used by western medicine in this context is often not well tolerated by the patient or leads to side effects with complications. Many acute or chronically relapsing infections do not necessarily require an antibiotic treatment. Considering the global threat of resistance, this is even to be avoided wherever possible. Due to the different paradigm employed, TCM is often able to offer successful treatment from its perspective for many diseases. An update of the literature search shows that by now a great number of recent studies have been published concerning treatment with TCM drugs. Overall, they appear to point towards good effectiveness of TCM drug treatment compared to purely conventional treatment or to placebo. The safety of TCM drugs is guaranteed by the 4 certified companies in charge of distribution in Switzerland. These companies are in possession of a provisional SWISSMEDIC license and are responsible for ensuring that the distributed TCM drugs meet GPN-requirements, as well as conforming to legal requirements concerning pesticide, heavy metal, bacterial and other residues, as well as authenticating the contents of the individual drugs and drug preparations. Economic studies based on PEK and newer data show that treatment with TCM drugs is cheaper than conventional medical treatment provided by a general practitioner. Prior experience with the provisional reimbursement of the five complementary medical approaches by the OKP in the past shows that this leads to costs shifting from the supplementary health insurance (“Zusatzversicherung”) to the statutory health insurance. A model constructed to estimate the cost-consequences (budget impact) of readmitting TCM to reimbursement within the statutory health insurance shows a comparable development with additional pointers towards savings on the part of the health care costs paid for by patients themselves. Overall, treatment with TCM drugs may be considered an effective and low cost treatment approach given the appropriate indication which may in many cases present an addition or an alternative to conventional medical treatment. Liste der ersten identifizierten Publikationen (Reviews, Meta-Anylsen, klinische Studien) Aus: Medline, Embase, Cochranre Reviews (1) Adams D, Wu T, Yang X, Tai S, Vohra S. Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for the treatment of idiopathic chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD006348. (2) Ahn A, Bennani T, Freeman R, Hamdy O, Kaptchuk T. Two styles of acupuncture for treating painful diabetic neuropathy - A pilot randomised control trial. Acupunct Med 2007; 25(1-2):11-17. (3) Allen J, Schnyer R, Chambers A, Hitt S, Moreno F, Manber R. Acupuncture for depression: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67(11):1665-1673. (4) Asher G, Coeytaux R, Chen W, Reilly A, Loh Y, Harper T. Acupuncture to initiate labor (Acumoms 2): A randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 22(10):843-848. (5) Bian Z, X, Moher D, Dagenais S, Li Y, Liu L, Wu T, X et al. Improving the quality of randomized controlled trials in Chinese herbal medicine, part II: Control group design. J Chin Integr Med 2006; 4(2):130-136. (6) Bian Z, X, Moher D, Li Y, Wu T, X, Dagenais S, Cheng C et al. Precise reporting of traditional Chinese medicine interventions in randomized controlled trials. J Chin Integr Med 2008; 6(7):661-667. (7) Bian Z, Wu T, Liu L, Miao J, Wong H, Song L et al. Effectiveness of the Chinese herbal formula TongXieYaoFang for irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review. J Altern Complement Med 2006; 12(4):401-407. (8) Birks J, Grimley EJ. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(2):CD003120. (9) Blanke C, Naisabha G, Balema M, Mbaruku G, Heide L, M³ller M. Herba Artemisiae annuae tea preparation compared to sulfadoxine- pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Trop Doct 2008; 38(2):113-116. (10) Cai J, Wang H, Zhou S, Wu B, Song H, Xuan Z. Effect of Sijunzi decoction and enteral nutrition on T-cell subsets and nutritional status in patients with gastric cancer after operation: A randomized controlled trial. J Chin Integr Med 2008; 6(1):37-40. (11) Cao H, Shang H, Ren M, Zhang J, Gao X, Xiang Y et al. Case recruitment in large-scale clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine. J Chin Integr Med 2007; 5(3):243-246. (12) Cao W, Liu W, Wu T, Zhong D, Liu G. Dengzhanhua preparations for acute cerebral infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(4):CD005568. (13) Cao Y, Pang J, Wang X, Shi Y, Shen W, Zheng Y, X et al. Current status of Chinese herbal therapy for osteoarthritis. Chin J Clin Rehab 2006; 10(35):130-134. (14) Chan C, Kuo M, Shen J, See L, Chang H, Huang J. Ding Chuan Tang, a Chinese herb decoction, could improve airway hyper- responsiveness in stabilized asthmatic children: A randomized, double- blind clinical trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17(5):316-322. (15) Chang TT, Huang CC, Hsu CH. Clinical evaluation of the Chinese herbal medicine formula STA-1 in the treatment of allergic asthma. Phytother Res 2006; 20(5):342-347. (16) Chen HM. [Verruca planae Chinese medicine treatment]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2008; 22(4):302-304. (17) Chen J, Wu G, Li S, Yu T, Xie Y, Zhou L et al. Shengmai (a traditional Chinese herbal medicine) for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(4):CD005052. (18) Chen JX, Hu LS. Traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic prostatitis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med 2006; 12(8):763-769. (19) Chen J, X, Hu L. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic prostatitis in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med 2006; 12(8):763-769. (20) Chen J, Wu G, Li S, Yu T, Xie Y, Zhou L et al. Shengmai (a traditional Chinese herbal medicine) for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(4). (21) Chen N, Li H, Zhao LY, Liu JB, Huang Q, Wang TH et al. 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Effects of warm-supplementing kidney yang (WSKY) capsule added on risperidone on cognition in 2 chronic schizophrenic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial. HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL 2008; 23(6):465-470. (30) Cheng C, Bian Z, X, Li Y, Moher D, Wu T, X, Dagenais S et al. Transparently reporting adverse effects of traditional Chinese medicine interventions in randomized controlled trials. J Chin Integr Med 2008; 6(9):881-886. (31) Cheng C, Bian Z, X, Wu T, X. Systematic review of Chinese herbal medicine for functional constipation. WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2009; 15(39):4886-4895. (32) Cheng JF, Lu ZY, Su YC, Chiang LC, Wang RY. A traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat dysmenorrhoea among Taiwanese women. J Clin Nurs 2008; 17(19):2588-2595. (33) Cho W, Chen H. Clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine as a concomitant therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Meta-analysis. 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Dtsch Z Akupunkt 2009; 52(1):52. 4 (57) Grant SJ, Bensoussan A, Chang D, Kiat H, Klupp NL, Liu JP et al. Chinese herbal medicines for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD006690. (58) Guo HY, Cai Y, Yang XM, Wang ZH, Wang JL, Zhao XM et al. Randomized phase II trial on mitomycin-C/Cisplatin ¦ KLT in heavily pretreated advanced breast cancer. Am J Chin Med 2008; 36(4):665-674. (59) Guo X, Zhou B, Nishimura T, Teramukai S, Fukushima M. Clinical effect of Qigong practice on essential hypertension: A meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Altern Complement Med 2008; 14(1):27-37. (60) Haake M, M³ller H, Schade B, Basler H, SchΣfer H, Maier C et al. German Acupuncture Trials (GERAC) for chronic low back pain: Randomized, multicenter, blinded, parallel-group trial with 3 groups. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167(17):1892-1898. (61) Haines CJ, Lam PM, Chung TK, Cheng KF, Leung PC. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of a Chinese herbal medicine preparation (Dang Gui Buxue Tang) on menopausal symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese women. Climacteric 2008; 11(3):244-251. (62) Hamazaki K, Sawazaki S, Itomura M, Huan M, Shibahara N, Kawakita T et al. No effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, Hochu-ekki-to, on antibody titer after influenza vaccination in man: A randomized, placebo- controlled, double-blind trial. Phytomedicine 2007; 14(1):11-14. (63) He CY, Wang WJ, Li B, Xu DS, Chen WH, Ying J et al. [Clinical research of Yiqi Sanju Formula in treating central obese men at high risk of metabolic syndrome]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 2007; 5(3):263-267. (64) He Y, Lu A, Zha Y, Yan X, Song Y, Zeng S et al. Correlations between symptoms as assessed in traditional chinese medicine (TCM) and ACR20 efficacy response: a comparison study in 396 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with TCM or Western medicine. J Clin Rheumatol 2007; 13(6):317-321. (65) Hollifield M, Sinclair L, Warner T, Hammerschlag R. Acupuncture for posttraumatic stress disorder - A randomized controlled pilot trial. JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE 2007; 195(6):504-513. (66) Holtmann G, Nandurkar S, Talley N, Moayyedi P. Herbal medicine for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2007; 132(4):A682-A683. (67) Hon KL, Leung TF, Ng PC, Lam MC, Kam WY, Wong KY et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a Chinese herbal medicine concoction for treatment of atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157(2):357-363. (68) Hsu C, Wang C, Hwang K, Lee T, Chou P, Chang H. The effect of auricular acupuncture in obese women: A randomized controlled trial. J Womens Health 2009; 18(6):813-818. (69) Huang Y, Xie RM, Lu M, Cai YF, Guo JW, Miao XL et al. [Effect evaluation for comprehensive treatment of acute stage of stroke]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 2007; 5(3):276-281. 5 (70) Iwasaki K, Satoh-Nakagawa T, Maruyama M, Monma Y, Nemoto M, Tomita N et al. A randomized, observer-blind, controlled trial of the traditional Chinese medicine Yi-Gan San for improvement of behavioral and psychological symptoms and activities of daily living in dementia patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66(2):248-252. (71) Iwasaki K, Kato S, Monma Y, Niu K, Ohrui T, Okitsu R et al. A pilot study of banxia houpu tang, a traditional Chinese medicine, for reducing pneumonia risk in older adults with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007; 55(12):2035-2040. (72) Iwasaki K, Satoh N, Maruyama M, Monma Y, Nemoto M, Tomita N et al. A randomized, observer-blind, controlled trial of the traditional Chinese medicine Yi-Gan San for improvement of behavioral and psychological symptoms and activities of daily living in dementia patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66(2):248-252. (73) Jackson A, MacPherson H, Hahn S. Acupuncture for tinnitus: A series of six n=1 controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2006; 14(1):39-46. (74) Jiang H, Mao B, Zhong Y, Yang H, Fu J. Tanreqing injection for community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review of randomized evidence. J Chin Integr Med 2009; 7(1):9-19. (75) JiGuang, Fan J, Chen J, Lu L, Xing L, Zheng P et al. Effectiveness of Danning Tablet in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver of damp-heat syndrome type: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Chin Integr Med 2008; 6(2):128-133. (76) Jing Z, Yang X, Ismail KM, Chen X, Wu T. Chinese herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(1):CD006414. (77) Jing Z, Yang X, Ismail K, Chen X, Wu T. Chinese herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(1). (78) Jirong Y, Xiaoyan Y, Taixiang W, Defen S, Birong D. Zhiling decoction for vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(4):CD004670. 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Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(2):5288. 16 Auswertung Daten santésuisse Datenpool, TCM-Ärzte Kennzahlen COM-Grundversorgerärzte Bezeichnung Anzahl Leistungserbringer Durchschnittsalter Erkrankte Anzahl Erkrankte Anzahl Erkrankte pro Leistungserbringer Kosten ohne Medikamente (direkt und veranlasst) Kosten Medikamente (direkt und veranlasst) Gesamtkosten (direkte und veranlasste Kosten) Jahr 2000 4'842 45 4031918 832.70 Jahr 2001 4'898 45 4130767 843.36 Jahr 2002 4'944 46 4174318 844.32 Jahr 2003 5'021 46 4223129 841.09 Jahr 2004 5'056 47 4228398 836.31 Jahr 2005 5'067 47 4222493 833.33 Jahr 2006 5'048 47 4220702 836.11 Jahr 2007 5'061 48 4315266 852.65 Jahr 2008 5'087 48 4268068 839.01 1582654867 1661526517 1754563667 1769846597 1884840938 1904595909 1885326885 1929272064 1918459529 1654165864 1786808930 1871367812 1951907343 2103657256 2134464220 2105556233 2119556481 2135240857 3236820733 3448335451 3625931479 3721753939 3988498190 4039060126 3990883117 4048828545 4053700385 Durchschnittskosten ohne Medikamente pro Arzt Durchschnittskosten Medikamente pro Arzt Durchschnittskosten total pro Arzt 326860 341629 668488 339226 364804 704029 354887 378513 733400 352489 388749 741238 372793 416071 788864 375882 421248 797130 373480 417107 790587 381204 418802 800006 377130 419745 796874 Durchschnittskosten ohne Medikamente pro Erkrankte Durchschnittskosten Medikamente pro Erkrankten Durchschnittskosten total pro Erkrankten 392.53 410.27 802.80 402.23 432.56 834.79 420.32 448.31 868.63 419.08 462.19 881.28 445.76 497.51 943.26 451.06 505.50 956.56 446.69 498.86 945.55 447.08 491.18 938.26 449.49 500.28 949.77 Kennzahlen TCM-Ärzte Bezeichnung Anzahl Leistungserbringer Durchschnittsalter Erkrankte Anzahl Erkrankte Anzahl Erkrankte pro Leistungserbringer Jahr 2000 Jahr 2001 Jahr 2002 Jahr 2003 Jahr 2004 Jahr 2005 Jahr 2006 Jahr 2007 Jahr 2008 372 42 256773 690.25 390 42 266490 683.31 403 43 275624 683.93 419 43 284670 679.40 434 44 291606 671.90 444 44 293543 661.13 444 44 292285 658.30 447 45 304081 680.27 444 45 300158 676.03 116737889 70848965 187586854 126178632 76648434 202827066 134822317 81288118 216110434 136081025 84941878 221022903 147916056 93972535 241888591 147270078 94917599 242187677 144802250 95363447 240165697 152226413 96965844 249192258 151830497 99317115 251147612 Durchschnittskosten ohne Medikamente pro Arzt Durchschnittskosten Medikamente pro Arzt Durchschnittskosten total pro Arzt 313812 190454 504266 323535 196534 520069 334547 201707 536254 324776 202725 527501 340820 216527 557347 331689 213778 545468 326131 214783 540914 340551 216926 557477 341961 223687 565648 Durchschnittskosten ohne Medikamente pro Erkrankte Durchschnittskosten Medikamente pro Erkrankten Durchschnittskosten total pro Erkrankten 454.63 275.92 730.56 473.48 287.62 761.11 489.15 294.92 784.08 478.03 298.39 776.42 507.25 322.26 829.50 501.70 323.35 825.05 495.41 326.27 821.68 500.61 318.88 819.49 505.84 330.88 836.72 Kosten ohne Medikamente (direkt und veranlasst) Kosten Medikamente (direkt und veranlasst) Gesamtkosten (direkte und veranlasste Kosten) Indizes Vergleich TCM-Ärzte mit COM-Grundversorgerärzten Bezeichnung Jahr 2000 Jahr 2001 Jahr 2002 Jahr 2003 Jahr 2004 Jahr 2005 Jahr 2006 Jahr 2007 Jahr 2008 Durchschnittsalter Erkrankte Anzahl Erkrankte pro Leistungserbringer 0.93 0.83 0.94 0.81 0.94 0.81 0.94 0.81 0.94 0.80 0.94 0.79 0.94 0.79 0.93 0.80 0.93 0.81 Durchschnittskosten ohne Medikamente pro Arzt Durchnittskosten Medikamente pro Arzt Durchschnittskosten total pro Arzt 0.96 0.56 0.75 0.95 0.54 0.74 0.94 0.53 0.73 0.92 0.52 0.71 0.91 0.52 0.71 0.88 0.51 0.68 0.87 0.51 0.68 0.89 0.52 0.70 0.91 0.53 0.71 Durchschnittskosten ohne Medikamente pro Erkrankte Durchnittskosten Medikamente pro Erkrankten Durchschnittskosten total pro Erkrankten 1.16 0.67 0.91 1.18 0.66 0.91 1.16 0.66 0.90 1.14 0.65 0.88 1.14 0.65 0.88 1.11 0.64 0.86 1.11 0.65 0.87 1.12 0.65 0.87 1.13 0.66 0.88
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