SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 1 3501. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of ginseng root for cardiovascular disease By Zhou Wei; Chai Hong; Lin Peter H; Lumsden Alan B; Yao Qizhi; Chen Changyi Johnny From Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research (2004), 10(8), RA187-92, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Ginseng root is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine for its alleged tonic effect and possible curative and restorative properties. There are increasing evidences in the literature on the potential role of ginseng in treating cardiovascular diseases. We herein examine the history of ginseng usage and review the current literature on a myriad pharmacological function of ginseng on the cardiovascular system. From the published studies involving cell cultures and animal models, ginseng is shown to have potential benefits on the cardiovascular system through diverse mechanisms, including antioxidant, modifying vasomotor function, reducing platelet adhesion, influencing ion channels, altering autonomic neurotransmitters release, improving lipid profiles, and involving in glucose metabolism and glycemic control. In addition, the relevant clinical trials regarding the effects of ginseng on the cardiovascular disease are summarized, particularly in managing hypertension and improving cardiovascular function. Finally, the controversies in the literature and the possible adverse interactions between ginseng and other drugs are discussed. This review underscores the potential benefit effects of ginseng on cardiovascular diseases, highlights the gaps in our current research, and emphasizes the necessity for more rigorous systemic investigation. ~6 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3502. Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis By Xu Chang-Tai; Meng Shu-Yong; Pan Bo-Rong From World journal of gastroenterology : WJG (2004), 10(16), 2311-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory destructive disease of the large intestine occurred usually in the rectum and lower part of the colon as well as the entire colon. Drug therapy is not the only choice for UC treatment and medical management should be as a comprehensive whole. Azulfidine, Asacol, Pentasa, Dipentum, and Rowasa all contain 5aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is the topical anti-inflammatory ingredient. Pentasa is more commonly used in treating Crohn's ileitis because Pentasa capsules release more 5-ASA into the small intestine than Asacol tablets. Pentasa can also be used for treating mild to moderate UC. Rowasa enemas are safe and effective in treating ulcerative proctitis and proctosigmoiditis. The sulfa-free 5-ASA agents (Asacol, Pentasa, Dipentum and Rowasa) have fewer side effects than sulfa-containing Azulfidine. In UC patients with moderate to severe disease and in patients who failed to respond to 5-ASA compounds, systemic (oral) corticosteroids should be used. Systemic corticosteroids (prednisone, prednisolone, cortisone, etc.) are potent and fast-acting drugs for treating UC, Crohn's ileitis and ileocolitis. Systemic corticosteroids are not effective in maintaining remission in patients with UC. Serious side effects can result from prolonged corticosteroid treatment. To minimize side effects, corticosteroids should be gradually reduced as soon as the disease remission is achieved. In patients with corticosteroid-dependent or unresponsive to corticosteroid treatment, surgery or immunomodulator is considered. Immunomodulators used for treating severe UC include azathioprine/6-MP, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is safe and effective in maintaining remission in patients with UC. ~6 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3503. Tai chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis By Han A; Robinson V; Judd M; Taixiang W; Wells G; Tugwell P From Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (2004), (3), CD004849, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 2 BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of the musculoskeletal system. The major goals of treatment are to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, slow down or stop joint damage, prevent disability, and preserve or improve the person's sense of well-being and ability to function. Tai Chi, interchangeably known as Tai Chi Chuan, is an ancient Chinese health-promoting martial art form that has been recognized in China as an effective arthritis therapy for centuries. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi as a treatment for people with RA. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR), MEDLINE, Pedro and CINAHL databases up to September 2002, using the Cochrane Collaboration search strategy for randomised controlled trials. We also searched the Chinese Biomedical Database up to December 2003 and the Beijing Chinese Academy of Traditional Medicine up to December 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials examining the benefits and harms of exercise programs with Tai Chi instruction or incorporating principles of Tai Chi philosophy were selected. We included control groups who received no therapy, sham therapy or another type of therapy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers determined the studies to be included in this review, rated the methodological quality and extracted data using standardized forms. MAIN RESULTS: Four trials including 206 participants, were included in this review. Tai Chi-based exercise programs had no clinically important or statistically significant effect on most outcomes of disease activity, which included activities of daily living, tender and swollen joints and patient global overall rating. For range of motion, Tai Chi participants had statistically significant and clinically important improvements in ankle plantar flexion. No detrimental effects were found. One study found that compared to people who participated in traditional ROM exercise/rest programs those in a Tai Chi dance program reported a significantly higher level of participation in and enjoyment of exercise both immediately and four months after completion of the Tai Chi program. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest Tai Chi does not exacerbate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, Tai Chi has statistically significant benefits on lower extremity range of motion, in particular ankle range of motion, for people with RA. The included studies did not assess the effects on patientreported pain. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3504. Theory of traditional Chinese medicine and therapeutic method of diseases By Lu Ai-Ping; Jia Hong-Wei; Xiao Cheng; Lu Qing-Ping From World journal of gastroenterology : WJG (2004), 10(13), 1854-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese medicine, including herbal medicine and acupuncture, as one of the most important parts in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), plays the key role in the formation of integrative medicine. Why do not the modern drugs targeting the specificity of diseases produce theoretical effects in clinical observation? Why does not the traditional Chinese medicine targeting the Zheng (syndrome) produce theoretical effects in clinic? There should have some reasons to combine Western medicine with Chinese herbal medicine so as to form the integrative medicine. During the integration, how to clarify the impact of CAM theory on Western medicine has become an emergent topic. This paper focuses on the exploration of the impact of theory of traditional Chinese medicine on the therapy of diseases in Western medicine. ~5 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3505. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: clinical effects of medical ginseng, korean red ginseng: specifically, its anti-stress action for prevention of disease By Kaneko Hitoshi; Nakanishi Kozo From Journal of pharmacological sciences (2004), 95(2), 158-62, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE We are exposed to many external and internal stresses in this day and age. Stress weakens the function of immune systems in living organisms and disturbs homeostasis. As a result, stress induces various psychosomatic diseases. Thus, ways of reducing stress and thus protecting humans from disease must be developed. One such method is called "the prevention of Mibyou" in Kampo, the Chinese traditional medicine. Many studies have reported the direct effects of medical ginseng on damaged target organs and recovery from disease. It also increases immune potential and may maintain homeostasis of living organisms through the autonomic-endocrine systems. It is also thought to prevent the development of disease. We studied and considered the action of medical ginseng on living organisms that were exposed to various stresses such as cold environment and industrial work. Furthermore, we confirmed the preventive effects of medical ginseng on the common cold symptom complex, including flu, by clinical observation. Here, we report our experiences. ~4 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 3 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3506. A U.S. perspective on the adverse reactions from traditional Chinese medicines By Ko Richard J From Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA (2004), 67(3), 109-16, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are popular in the United States and Asian and non-Asian consumers are using the product for disease treatment and health prevention. As more people are using TCM products, there are increased reports on adverse reactions. This review will focus on adverse reactions due to TCM as reported in the literature. METHODS: The review is based on MedLine search of literatures using keywords including: herbs, herbal, traditional Chinese medicines with toxicity, adverse effects, death, drug interaction and pharmacokinetic. In addition, specific searches were performed using the above keywords with the common name and the scientific name of the plant product. RESULTS: The causes of adverse reactions associated with TCM are diverse. They include variability in active/toxic ingredients due to growing conditions, use of inherent toxic herbs causing toxicity, overdose of herbs, drug-herb interactions especially with pharmaceuticals that have narrow therapeutic index, coexisting diseases, and idiosyncratic reactions like allergy, hepatitis and anaphylaxis. Other adverse reactions can be due to manufacturing and quality problems causing adulteration, misidentification, substitution of one herb with another, variability in the amount of active ingredients, use of pharmaceuticals without identifying on the labels, improper processing and preparation, and contamination. CONCLUSIONS: To minimize the adverse reactions from TCM and protect the public, there must be adequate laws and regulations to ensure that products are manufactured with the highest standards. Manufacturers should be licensed by regulatory agency and manufactured under good manufacturing practice. TCM products must be evaluated for their safety before marketing. Proper labeling and good surveillance systems shall ensure the protection of the consumers. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3507. Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of some traditional chinese medicinal herbs: a review By Tan Benny K H; Vanitha J From Current medicinal chemistry (2004), 11(11), 1423-30, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The current practice of ingesting phytochemicals to support the immune system or to fight infections is based on centuries-old tradition. We review reports on seven Chinese herbs, (Aloe vera Mill. (Aloaceae), Angelica species (Umbelliferae), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. (Leguminosae), Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. (Ganodermataceae), Panax ginseng C.A Mey. (Araliaceae), Scutellaria species (Lamiaceae) and Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) with emphasis to their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. While some of these herbaceous plants have a direct inhibitory effect on microbial organisms, we observe that each plant has at least one compound that selectively modulates cells of the immune system. The successful derivation of pure bioactive compounds from Ganoderma lucidum, ginseng and Zingiber officinale supports the traditional practice of using these plants to stimulate the immune system. As many modern drugs are often patterned after phytochemicals, studying the influence of each compound on immune cells as well as microbes can provide useful insights to the development of potentially useful new pharmacological agents. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3508. Cure of experimental botulism and antibotulismic effect of toosendanin By Shi Yu-Liang; Wang Zhong-Feng From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2004), 25(6), 839-48, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 4 Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), a group of bacterial proteins that comprise a light chain disulfide linked a heavy chain, are the most lethal biotoxins known to mankind. By inhibiting neurotransmitter release, BoNTs cause severe neuroparalytic disease, botulism. A series of important findings in the past 10 years which displayed the molecular targets of BoNTs and hence proposed a four-step action mechanism to explain BoNT intoxication greatly advanced the study of antibotulismic drug. In this article, we reviewed these progresses and anti-botulismic compounds found in recent years. These compounds function due to their facilitation on neurotransmitter release or to their interference on the binding, internalization, translocation, and endopeptidase activity of the toxins. Toosendanin is a triterpenoid derivative extracted from a digestive tract-parasiticide in Chinese traditional medicine. Chinese scientists have found that the compound is a selective prejunctional blocker. In spite of sharing some similar action with BoNT, toosendanin can protect botulism animals that have been administrated with lethal doses of BoNT/A or BoNT/B for several hours from death and make them restore normal activity. The neuromuscular junction preparations isolated from the rats that have been injected with toosendanin tolerate BoNT/A challenge. Toosendanin seems to have no effect on endopeptidase activity of BoNT, but blocks the toxin approach to its enzymatic substrate. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3509. Standards of education, regulation, and market control: perspectives on complementary and alternative medicine in Ontario, Canada By Shahjahan Riyad From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (2004), 10(2), 409-12, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This paper provides a contemporary analysis of the issues and questions surrounding the regulation and standardization of education with respect to two complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) professions, namely Chinese traditional medicine and homeopath in Ontario, Canada. Rather than taking a standard of education for granted, the assumption that standardizing professional education is a positive move is critiqued because it is claimed to ensure public safety and uniformity within the profession. It is argued that such an assumption fails to deconstruct the power relations involved with setting a standard of education and continues to ignore the fact that setting a standard of education in CAM is part and parcel of biomedical dominance, competition, turf wars and survival. At the end of this paper, some critical questions regarding setting standards of education by the health professions in general are raised. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3510. Ephedra-containing dietary supplements in the US versus ephedra as a Chinese medicine By Mehendale Sangeeta R; Bauer Brent A; Yuan Chun-Su From The American journal of Chinese medicine (2004), 32(1), 1-10, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Ephedra has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) without significant adverse effects. Ephedracontaining dietary supplements are widely used in the United States to promote weight reduction and energy enhancement. However, there are significant safety concerns regarding the use of ephedra-containing dietary supplements, especially when such use occurs by consumers without medical supervision. This article reviews and contrasts the usage of ephedra as a dietary supplement in the US against an herbal medication in TCM. The potential adverse effects of ephedra-containing dietary supplements are also reviewed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3511. SARS prevention and nursing in traditional Chinese medicine By Chen Li-Li; Lin Chouh-Jiaun; Chang Man-Ling; Lin Jun-Dai From Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing (2004), 51(2), 32-8, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE This study adopts the concept of the three levels of prevention from traditional Chinese medicine to discuss Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) prevention and nursing. The emphasis in traditional Chinese medicine is on primary and tertiary prevention. The study presents nursing interventions based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including daily care, diets, massage care, exercise, and Chinese psychosocial care. This course of interventions is designed for the consideration of nurses caring for SARS patients and to bolster their ability to fight the disease. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 5 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3512. Nursing for allergic rhinitis in traditional Chinese medicine By Maa Suh-Hwa From Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing (2004), 51(2), 28-31, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Allergic rhinitis is one of Taiwan's most common and most serious health problems, and many sufferers of the condition seek remedies in traditional Chinese medicine. In order to fulfill their duties as practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine and meet the health needs of the people, nurses must engage in rigorous study of traditional Chinese medicine as it relates to allergic rhinitis. This paper describes traditional Chinese medicine's approach to allergic rhinitis, looking at the condition's symptoms, causes and remedies, including care in the home and nasal exercises. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3513. Health promotion in traditional Chinese medicine: preventive treatment of a disease By Chang Su-Hong; Wang Hsiu-Hung From Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing (2004), 51(2), 23-7, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Preventive treatment is the highest form of traditional Chinese medicine. Ancient physicians believed that prevention was better than cure and health preservation was the best method for prolonging one's own life. At the same time as medical technology advances constantly and average life expectancy increases every few years, chronic diseases are also becoming more common. Ever since the World Health Organization proclaimed the year 2000 the year of "Health for all," the term has been a watchword for all developed countries. In traditional medicine, from the concept of preventive treatment to the method and practice of health preservation, there is much for nursing professionals involved in health promotion to tap into. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3514. Nursing in traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan: policies and future development By Lin I-Hsin; Liu Shwu-Jiuan; Chang Man-Lin; Lin Chouh-Jiaun From Hu li za zhi The journal of nursing (2004), 51(2), 19-22, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese medicine is popular in Taiwan. There are more resources for the practice of the discipline, more regulations governing it, and more users of it in Taiwan than in other countries. Chinese medical teams have already developed in a systematic way in Taiwan. The roles of nursing staff in traditional Chinese medical teams become ever more important; the field is consolidating itself and maturing. The purpose of this paper is to describe the current status of nursing in traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan and to make some proposals as to its future development. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3515. An aura of confusion Part 2: the aided eye--"imaging the aura?" By Duerden Tim From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (2004), 10(2), 116-23, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 6 The second of three papers considers claims made for the perception or detection of vital energy. Many systems of complementary and alternative medicine assume the existence of a vital force that mediates therapeutic efficacy, for example chi or qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Vital energy directly perceived or imaged that surrounds living organisms is frequently termed the aura. A range of devices or techniques are claimed to image the aura. These include Kirlian photography, gas discharge visualisation (GDV) and polychromatic interference photography (PIP). This paper explores such claims and argues that the images produced can be explained using concepts from the physical sciences. It is suggested that techniques such as KP, GDV or PIP currently offer insufficient reliable research evidence concerning their use as diagnostic or imaging alternatives. Consequently their clinical use is debatable. Kirlian photography and its derivatives may however be useful as a research tool by providing visual records of complex bodily responses to experimental situations. For example, responses to physiological or psychological stressors. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3516. Acupuncture for chronic asthma By McCarney R W; Brinkhaus B; Lasserson T J; Linde K From Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (2004), (1), CD000008, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has traditionally been used to treat asthma in China and is used increasingly for this purpose internationally. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of acupuncture for the treatment of asthma or asthma-like symptoms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register (searched August 2003), the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field trials register, the Alternative Medicine Database (August 2003) and reference lists of articles. We also contacted trialists and researchers in the field of complementary and alternative medical research. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and possibly randomised trials using needle acupuncture or other forms of stimulation of acupuncture. Any form of control treatment was considered (no treatment in addition to conventional asthma treatment, sham or placebo interventions, active comparator interventions). Studies were included provided outcome was assessed at one week or more. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: At least two reviewers independently assessed trial quality. A reviewer experienced in acupuncture assessed the adequacy of the active and sham acupunctures used in the studies. Study authors were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria with 324 participants. Trial reporting was poor and trial quality was deemed inadequate to generalise findings. There was variation in the type of active and sham acupunctures, the outcomes measured and time-points presented. The points used in the sham arm of some studies are used for the treatment of asthma according to traditional Chinese medicine. Two studies used individualised treatment strategies and one study used a combination strategy of formula acupuncture with the addition of individualised points. No statistically significant or clinically relevant effects were found for acupuncture compared to sham acupuncture. Data from two small studies were pooled for lung function (posttreatment FEV1): Standardised Mean Difference 0.12, 95% confidence interval -0.31 to 0.55). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to make recommendations about the value of acupuncture in asthma treatment. Further research needs to consider the complexities and different types of acupuncture. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3517. Complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review By Coon Joanna Thompson; Ernst Edzard From Journal of hepatology (2004), 40(3), 491-500, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis C is an escalating global health problem. The recommended treatment regimen is associated with considerable expense, adverse effects and poor efficacy in some patients. Complementary therapies are widely promoted for and used by patients with hepatitis C. The aim is to systematically assess the efficacy of complementary therapies in treating chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in six databases, reference lists of all papers were checked for further relevant publications and information was requested from experts. No language restrictions were imposed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eligible randomised clinical trials were located involving herbal products and supplements. No randomised clinical trials were identified for any other complementary therapy. In 14 of the trials, patients received interferon-alpha in combination with the complementary therapy. Less than half the trials (11/27) were of good methodological quality. Compared with the control group, significant improvements in virological and/or biochemical response were seen in trials of vitamin E, thymic extract, zinc, traditional Chinese medicine, Glycyrrhiza glabra and oxymatrine. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several promising complementary therapies, although extrapolation of the results is difficult due to methodological limitations. More research is warranted to establish the role of these and other therapies in the treatment of hepatitis C. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 7 ~6 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3518. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of hepatic steatosis By Zhao Xiaowei From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004), 24(1), 64-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Although many breakthroughs have been made in biomedicine, however, a satisfactory treatment is still lacking. On the other hand, treatment with TCM drugs has been proved satisfactory through there is no unified criterion on type differentiation in diagnostics. Hepatic steatosis due to alcoholic hepatitis could be effectively treated with the therapeutic methods of soothing the liver, promoting blood circulation and resolving phlegm. Generally speaking, hepatic steatosis can be treated with the principles of 1) soothing the liver, strengthening the spleen and resolving phlegm; 2) tonifying the liver and kidney, resolving phlegm and dispelling stasis; 3) soothing the liver and promoting blood circulation, strengthening the spleen and excreting dampness; 4) soothing the depressed liver to regulate the circulation of qi, softening hardness and promoting blood circulation; and 5) strengthening the spleen and excreting dampness and soothing the depressed liver to regulate the circulation of qi. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3519. Natural medicines used in the traditional Chinese medical system for therapy of diabetes mellitus By Li W L; Zheng H C; Bukuru J; De Kimpe N From Journal of ethnopharmacology (2004), 92(1), 1-21, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus is becoming a serious threat to mankind health in all parts of the world. The control and treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly depend on the chemical or biochemical agents, but the fact is that it has never been reported that someone had recovered totally from diabetes. With the distinctive traditional medical opinions and natural medicines mainly originated in herbs, the traditional Chinese medicine performed a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research work, numerous bioactive compounds have been found in Chinese medicinal plants for diabetes. The present paper reviews 86 natural medicines with regards to their origin, anti-diabetic active principles and/or pharmacological test results, which are commonly used in the traditional Chinese medical system and have demonstrated experimental or/and clinical anti-diabetic effectiveness. Among these natural medicines, 82 originate from plants and 4 from animals or insects, which covers 45 families. It is strongly significant to pay close attention to traditional Chinese medical therapeutics and natural medicines for treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. ~13 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3520. Research advances on tumor therapy via nitric oxide By Wang Yan; Ding Hong; Xiao Geng-Fu From Ai zheng = Aizheng = Chinese journal of cancer (2004), 23(4), 476-9, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived pleiotropic molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes in the organism. As an important biologic mediator, nitric oxide has been focused in tumor study and therapy for its function in the process of tumor genesis, progression,and death. It is documented that nitric oxide plays a dual role:induction or suppression of tumorigenesis, which is dependent on different conditions, such as the concentration, time,and position of NO products. Tumor growth can be promoted by continuous low NO concentration, while cytotoxicity and apoptosis to tumor cells can be induced by quite high NO concentration. Currently, the concentration-dependent principle is the theoretical basis of tumor therapy mediated by NO. These tumor therapies can be classified into several types: firstly, drug treatments including chemotherapy, nitric oxide synthase inducer and inhibitor, together with related research from Chinese traditional medicine; secondly, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy; thirdly, genic level therapy; and so on. Thus, the paper states the relationship and mechanism between NO and tumor, and summarizes research advances on tumor therapy via nitric oxide. ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 8 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3521. Chemistry and biology of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba By Stromgaard Kristian; Nakanishi Koji From Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) (2004), 43(13), 1640-58, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree, is the oldest living tree, with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, the leaf extracts have been widely sold as phytomedicine in Europe and as a dietary supplement worldwide. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts have been postulated to include improvement of memory, increased blood circulation, as well as beneficial effects to sufferers of Alzheimer's disease. The most unique components of the extracts are the terpene trilactones, that is, ginkgolides and bilobalide. These structurally complex molecules have been attractive targets for total synthesis. Terpene trilactones are believed to be partly responsible for the neuromodulatory properties of Ginkgo biloba extracts, and several biological effects of the terpene trilactones have been discovered in recent years, making them attractive pharmacological tools that could provide insight into the effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3522. Progress of the study on immunological mechanism of endometriosis and its Chinese herbal medical treatment By Qi Ying-hua; Liu Rui-fen From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2004), 24(2), 1825, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3523. Advances in the research on targeted preparations of traditional Chinese medicine and natural drugs By Yang Chun-xin; Xu Xue-hua; Dong Ying From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2003), 28(8), 696-700, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVE: Targeting dosage form is a kind of targeting drug delivery system which can be used to lock drugs aroud the target organs, tissues, cells and obtain more effective treatment for dose concentration, thus reducing the sideeffects of such drugs while increasing their effeciveness. Targeting dosage form is the fourth-generation drug dosage form and it is ideal system for administration because it release the theraping drugs in the targeting-site. Particular emphasis was placed on liposome due to it was used as a drug carrier. Meanwhile, the highlights of research were on magnetic and enzyme targeting preparations. In addition, oral colon targeting drug delivery system, drugs were carried to ileocecum and release to get local and whole effect, is also an important part of targeting dosage form. The study on traditional chinese medicine (TCM) targeting dosage form is still at beginning stage in China. At present, most of study on TCM and natural products targeting drugs were focus on simple effective component and merely on TCM effective positions in relative with the difficult for determing their quality standard and procedure of preparing. It is the kernel item for TCM modernization and the key for TCM internationalization to develop new dosage form and new technology of TCM. There is a need in collaboration with multiple discipline. It will be a important research subject to develop TCM targeting preparation in the near future. TCM targeting dosage form can be classified into liposome, nanoparticles, multiple emulsion etc according to the difference of carrier and oral, rectal, colonic, nasal, dermal, ocular system on a basis of administration and so on. This paper made a summary on TCM and natural products targeting dosage form according to different targeting positions and introduce the procedure of preparing compared with the effect in vivo and manifest that TCM and natural products targeting dosage form will have good exploit prospect. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3524. The current status of the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in traditional Chinese medicine SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 9 By Huo Qi-lu; Shao Hong-xial From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2003), 28(3), 199-201, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVE: To review the current status of the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in traditional chinese medicine injections with the limulus lysate test, and to evaluate the feasibility of this test for the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in these injections. METHOD: The data related to the topic was collected, analyzed and summarized. RESULT: The limulus lysate test was not available for most of traditional chinese medicine injections due to the interference. And the same injection may uield different test results because of different factories, batch numbers, different techniques and preparational conditions. CONCLUSION: There is still a long way to go to apply the limulus lysate test to the determination of the bacterial endotoxin in traditional chinese medicine injections. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3525. Advances of polymeric materials applied in TCM preparation and separation By Liu Hai-dao; Yin Qiu-xiang; Gao Wen-yuan From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2003), 28(2), 101-5, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE In this paper, the advance of polymeric materials applied in the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural products was reviewed. Especially the research progresses in use of the polymeric membranes, polymeric flocculating agents, polymeric sorbents and polymeric drug delivery system (DDS) in the separation and preparation of herb and TCM were discussed in details. In addition, the future develorment of polymeric materials in TCM preparation was also discussed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3526. Cataplasma of traditional Chinese medicine By Jia Wei; Gao Wen-yuan; Wang Tao; Liu Yun-bin; Xue Jing; Xiao Pei-gen From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2003), 28(1), 7-11, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE The TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) transdermal plaster (also known as "cataplasma") are flexible adhesive patches used for treatment of pain, resulted from arthritis, sprain and bruise, tendovaginitis, lumbar spine protrude, neuralgia, hyperosteogeny ache, abdominal discomfort and metastatic cancer, etc. Since the 1980's, investigators in China have used this modern patch delivery system for herbal drugs and obtained satisfactory results especially from the treatment of various types of pain associated with bone diseases, abdominal discomfort, and tumors, etc. The production of TCM cataplasma was successfully scaled up in early 90's and the commercial product line for an antirheumatic agent was first established in Shanghai by Leiyunshang Group. Thus far, a number of products in the form of TCM cataplasma became commercially available in the market, and clinical investigations with these products indicated that topically applicable herbal preparations, especially in the form of cataplasma, are preferred formulations with respect to the treatment comfort of the patient. Compared to the traditional preparations which utilize rubber and rosin as adhesives, cataplasma is advantageous in that the lipophilic and hydrophilic ingredients of the herbal extracts are solubilized and then "gellified" with the organic polymers, and that the drug matrix containing up to 40%-70% of water serves as a "drug reservoir" that will sustain the quick and continuous release of herbal ingredients over several days across the skin. While there are conventional remedies for palliation of pain and discomfort associated with bone diseases or cancers, administration of oral medicinal herbs combined with topical agents such as TCM cataplasma may significantly alleviate the symptoms and improve their quality of life. This article provides a review on three aspects, which include the process development, characteristics and developmental status of TCM cataplasma, and future development of such a technology. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3527. Falungong: recent developments in Chinese notions of healing By Gale Deborah Dysart; Gorman-Yao W M From Journal of cultural diversity (2003), 10(4), 124-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 10 Transcultural nursing literature provides a rich picture of prominent Chinese health-related beliefs derived from the traditions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. However, these traditional beliefs are being challenged and modified in response to public discussion of a new spiritual movement, Falungong (also spelled Falun Gong). This movement calling for personal and social renewal has arisen in reaction to significant political and economic upheavals in Chinese society. This paper presents an overview of the Falungong movement and the health beliefs it advances. Implications for U.S. nursing practice are discussed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3528. Human Phenome based on traditional Chinese medicine--a solution to congenital syndromology By Li-Ling Jesse From The American journal of Chinese medicine (2003), 31(6), 991-1000, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The occurrence of many congenital syndromes has long been an enigma. Clinically, the phenotype of any given genetic defect usually varies to some extent, whilst, pathogenetically, features within each syndrome are probably interconnected, albeit by largely unknown mechanisms. Through its unique theories such as the Jing-Mai (variously translated as the Channels, Vessels or Meridians), Zang-Fu (the Yin and Yang internal organs) and Wu-Xing (translated as the Five-Phase Correspondence or Five-Element theory), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) seems to have comprehensively summarized the makeup of the human phenotypes. By combining the above TCM theories with modem medical knowledge, the intrinsic mechanisms between various aspects of the phenotypic makeup of the human individual, i.e. the Human Phenome, may be deduced. Analysis of congenital syndromes in light of the Human Phenome seems to suggest that various genetic defects may cause diseases in a similar fashion; i.e. primarily with structural abnormalities distributed along the four Jing-Mai connected with the Kidneys (midline defects) as well as "Marrow" aberrations (anomalies of hematology/immunology, endocrine, central nervous system and the bones). The derived Human Phenome may thereby enable a better understanding of such conditions and provide a model for the study of multigenic traits. On the other hand, blind spots of clinical observation and unknown aspects of human nature, e.g. circuits formed by the JingMai, symmetries of the Jing-Mai and Zang-Fu, and correspondences between body physiques, spiritual factors and the external world may also be deduced. The TCM-based Human Phenome may thereby offer a fresh view for genotype-phenotype correlations, insights into genedevelopment mechanisms, as well as potential directions for the development of new treatments. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3529. Extraction and chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the active principles from selected Chinese herbs and other medicinal plants By Wang Xiaosuo; Kapoor Vimal; Smythe George A From The American journal of Chinese medicine (2003), 31(6), 927-44, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Medicinal herbs have a long history of use in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine and a substantial body of evidence has, over recent decades, demonstrated a range of important pharmacological properties. Western biomedical researchers are examining not only the efficacy of the traditional herbal products but, through the use of a range of bioassays and analytical techniques, are developing improved methods to isolate and characterize active components. This review briefly describes the different extraction methodologies used in the preparation of herbal extracts and reviews the utility of chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of their active components. In particular, applications of gas or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the isolation and characterization of active components of ginseng are critically assessed. The analysis of toxic substances from herb extracts with mass spectrometric techniques is also discussed along with the potential for mass spectrometric methods to investigate the proteomics of herbal extracts. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3530. A review of the study on anti-obesity therapies with traditional Chinese medicine By Guo Cheng; Wei Daozhi; Chen Haihua; Zeng Xuefeng From Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (2002), 25(7), 534-7, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 11 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3531. A review on chronic uric-acid nephropathy treated with Chinese traditional medicine By Shen Weizeng; Li Junbiao From Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (2002), 25(7), 528-30, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3532. Applied fundamental research of echinacea species By Zhang Ying-Tao; Wang Hong; Liu Wen-Zhi; Tong Wei; Yang Yan-Fang; Ai Tie-Min From Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences (2004), 36(1), 90-3, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Echinacea is a most famous "immune herb" in western countries, and continues to be the best selling herb for many years. For the last five years, our research group has cooperated with Institute of Medicinal Plants in Huairou District of Beijing, carrying out studies on Echinacea purpurea, which involved botany, cultivation, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology and toxicology of the species. Two other species introduced from Canada, Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea pallida, were also included in the taxonomic, cultivated and pharmacognostic studies. The results acquired have opened up the path to introduce Echinacea species into Traditional Chinese Medicine, thus established the possibility of developing more promising drugs from them. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3533. Countering misleading information By Veal Lowana From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (2004), 10(1), 54-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Orthodox medicine generally demands evidence in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) before accepting the value of a particular therapy/intervention from the CAM field. Yet many RCTs are badly executed as they are carried out by doctors or scientists rather than holistic practitioners, and peer reviewers for conventional medical journals may not have sufficient knowledge to be able to assess a CAM paper properly. This article discusses inadequacies found in RCTs and other papers related to CAM, and pinpoints how research should be critically evaluated and reviewed. Examples are taken from the fields of aromatherapy, herbalism, acupuncture/TCM and homeopathy. The aim of this paper is to highlight common misunderstandings and misguided assumptions that may arise when undertaking research in the field of complementary medicine that may result in erroneous conclusions being drawn from data and which may have far reaching implications for clinical practice. The STRICTA recommendations for acupuncture are discussed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3534. An aura of confusion: 'seeing auras-vital energy or human physiology?' Part 1 of a three part series By Duerden Tim From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (2004), 10(1), 22-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 12 The first of three papers that considers claims made for the perception or detection of vital energy. Many systems of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) assume the existence of a vital force that mediates therapeutic efficacy, for example chi or qi in Traditional Chinese medicine. Vital energy directly perceived or imaged that surrounds living organisms is frequently termed the aura. This paper aims to show how phenomena that arise as a consequence of the normal functioning of the human visual system can be inappropriately offered as support of claims for the direct perception of vital energy or the aura. Specifically, contrast and complementary colour phenomena, entoptic phenomena and the deformation phosphene, the 'flying corpuscle effect', the blind spot and the 'reverse telescope effect' are explained and discussed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3535. Trends in the study on transdermal agents of Chinese medicinal herbs By Xu Ying-ai; Zhang Xiurong; Feng Bo; Gao Hongwang; Wang Yajun From Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (2002), 25(2), 133-5, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3536. Ecological protection of medicinal woody plants By Yan Xiufeng From Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban (2003), 14(9), 1561-4, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Medicinal woody plants, especially medicinal tall trees, play a same important role in forest structure, ecological balance and timber production as other tree species in forest, and due to their additional medicinal values overuse of these trees is more intensive than others. Many medicinal materials are destructively obtained from plants such as roots or bark used as medicinal materials. The contradiction between the utilization and protection of medicinal woody plants becomes more and more incisive. In the present paper, based on the analysis of the utilized situation and specialty of medicinal woody plants, the trouble between the plants protection and utilization was observed, the method to solve it and the fundamental research work needs to be developed were discussed. The following aspects of researches were suggested to be conducted: (a) study on the distribution in organs, seasonal and age variations, and correlation with environmental factors of principal medicinal compositions in mature trees to clear the optimum of harvest and cultivation conditions; (b) study on the distribution in organs, seasonal and age variations, and correlation with environmental factors of principal medicinal compositions in saplings, especially the time course of the variation in medicinal compositions and biomass to achieve the optimal tree ages for the balance between biomass and production of medicinal products during saplings development; (c) study on the influence and regulation of environmental factors on medicinal compounds production in woody plants to look for the optimal cultivated conditions for optimizing the accumulation of biomass and medicinal chemicals; (d) further study on the regulatory mechanism of the induced production of main medicinal compositions by ecological factors at protein (key enzyme) and gene level to accumulate fundamental data for the enhancement of quality and quantity, and approach of new accesses to medicinal products using biological technology (cell culture and gene technology). Aimed at medicinal woody plants in Chinese forest resources, to develop the fundamental researches on resources protection and rational utilization will create many profound scientific significances. Firstly, medicinal woody plants are the important components of Chinese natural forest resources, so the problem for their protection and utilization, especially for that of tall trees, is quite remarkable and special. To reveal the internal contradictory between plant resources protection and its reasonable exploitation and exploit a practicable access to solve it will promote and accelerate the fulfillment of "natural forest protection project" in China. Secondly, traditional Chinese medicine is a main part of Chinese excellent ancestral culture, and the traditional utilizing models have been carried on for thousands of years. Accompanying with the development of human society, many unavoidable troubles such as the shortage of natural resources and the pollution of natural environment are more and more severely, which make the old models of the traditional Chinese medicine become more and more harmful and inaccessible to mankind. New substitutive approach to the utilization of traditional Chinese medicine, especially to that of Chinese medicinal woody plants will be one of the key methods to improve the present situation. Thirdly, traditional Chinese medicine, the cherish treasure of Chinese ancestral culture, need not only be preserved but also be developed. One of the main problems to restrict the extensive spread of the traditional Chinese medicine is its unstable quality, so to reach the stable quality and good quality is tightly linked to the improvement of traditional Chinese medicine. Hence the environmental regulation to the cultivation of medicinal plants, which can prove and guarantee the stable and high quality, will fit the demand on the production of medicinal plant material, and correspond to the goal of great efficacy and superior quality during the course of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 13 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3537. Pharmacological basis of 'Yang-invigoration' in Chinese medicine By Ko Kam-Ming; Mak Duncan H F; Chiu Po-Yee; Poon Michel K T From Trends in pharmacological sciences (2004), 25(1), 3-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The 'Yin-Yang' theory is an ancient Chinese philosophy that underlies the practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Although Yang-tonic herbs tend to boost body function possibly through enhancing the mitochondrial oxidative processes, the Yin property (i.e. antioxidant potential) of these herbs can also play a role in safeguarding mitochondrial ATP generation. The pharmacological basis of 'Yang-invigoration' by Chinese tonic herbs might be due primarily to the enhancement of mitochondrial ATP generation. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3538. Progress of experimental research on prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by traditional Chinese medicine By Zhao Ya-hong; Wang Min-wei From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2003), 23(12), 9435, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3539. Advances in studies of Chinese herbs for improving relaxability of corporal smooth muscle By Chen Jun; Liu Ji-Hong From Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology (2003), 9(8), 615-8, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a commonly and frequently encountered disease among middle-aged and old males. The traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of medical treatment for ED has been focusing too much on clinical experience researches, without obtaining sufficient evidence for the curative effect of related traditional medicines. Recently, with important breakthroughs the researches on the molecular biochemical mechanisms of erection, sildenafil(Viagra), a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has been developed, and exciting progress achieved in the treatment of ED with Chinese herbal medicine and the presentation of the pharmacological mechanism. This article presents an overview on recent advances in the studies of ED treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3540. Novel approach to respiratory pharmacology--pharmacological basis of cough, sputum and airway clearance By Miyata Takeshi From Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (2003), 123(12), 987-1006, Language: Japanese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 14 Disturbance of the normal mucociliary clearance due to hyperproduction of mucus and modification of its physicochemical characteristics is a common finding in airway diseases. Drugs that affect airway secretion have been developed and used to cleanse the respiratory tract for many centuries and in many countries. On the basis of the mechanism of their actions, the mucoactive drugs are classified into several groups. Some mucoactive drugs have direct effects on the production or composition of airway secretions, resulting in increased effectiveness of mucociliary clearance. Other mucoactive drugs do not have a specific action on mucus, but have beneficial effects on airway structure and function, which lead to correction of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that result in abnormal secretions. However, since many drugs have overlapping effects, it is difficult to classify these drugs into groups based on their major actions. Taken together with previous findings on mucoactive drugs, it appears that an antioxidant effect is a common property of mucoactive drugs and that it is a crucial action to exert their effects against airway diseases. In light of this idea, we must use specific experimental models to simulate pharmacologic events in airway inflammation. The development of new techniques has made it possible to identify and measure the mucus components, measure the rheologic parameters more accurately, and evaluate mucociliary clearance precisely in animals and humans. Therefore, with modifications of methods, we have investigated airway-cleansing drugs from various points of view to reflect actions in inflammatory states for more than two decades. Here, I introduce the methods we have used to study many of the parameters involved in airway clearance, including cough reflex, and describe some of the mucoactiveantitussive drugs that we have studied recently. There is an increasing usage of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in clinics and hospitals, because they tend to have moderate side effects and sometimes remarkable efficacy. To renormalize overall defects in airway disorders, Chinese medicines may be adequate, because they are composed of various herbs with weak but ubiquitous pharmacologic activities. We have been investigating Bakumondo-to. Bakumondo-to has been used for the treatment of bronchitis and pharyngitis accompanying severe dry cough. We found that unlike codeine Bakumondo-to had a notable antitussive activity against the cough associated with bronchitis and the cough increased by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Recently, we have found that, in alveolar type II cells, Bakumondo-to attenuated phosphatidylcholine secretion increased by oxygen radicals from activated PMNLS. In addition, we found that Bakumondo-to itself stimulated phosphatidylcholine secretion and increased beta-adrenoceptor gene expression in rat alveolar type II cells. We studied the mechanism of action and clarified that Bakumondo-to increased glucocorticoid-sensitive promotor activity. The effect may contribute to its ubiquitous effectiveness in the treatment of airway diseases. Various parameters (chemical properties, physical properties, mucus production, surfactant phospholipid production, and mucociliary clearance) are considered to be important for the dynamics and mobilization of airway secretions. Pharmacologic investigation, with appropriate techniques, of the ability of an agent to modify these parameters can provide useful information about its mechanism of action. However, since these parameters are interconnected, it is very complicated to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action of mucoactive drugs. This means that the goal of treatment cannot always be achieved by the modification of a single parameter, but should, more realistically, be aimed at a renormalization of several parameters. On the basis of this idea, glucocorticoids are ideal mucoactive drugs because they exert various pharmacologic effects in the lung. From a polypharmacologic point of view, a traditional Chinese medicine can be classified as a glucocorticoid-like drug because Chinese medicines consist of many types of active components that have various pharmacologic effects. As one future course of research, we believe that efforts to seek compatible actions between glucocorticoids and Oriental medicines may lead to new opportunities for development of ideal airway-cleansing drugs with specific actions, i.e., suppression of gene expression. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3541. Antidiabetic herbal drugs officially approved in China By Jia Wei; Gao Wenyuan; Tang Lida From Phytotherapy research : PTR (2003), 17(10), 1127-34, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Over the centuries, Chinese herbal drugs have served as a major source of medicines for the prevention and treatment of diseases including diabetes mellitus (known as 'Xiao-ke'). It is estimated that more than 200 species of plants exhibit hypoglycaemic properties, including many common plants, such as pumpkin, wheat, celery, wax guard, lotus root and bitter melon. To date, hundreds of herbs and traditional Chinese medicine formulas have been reported to have been used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This paper provides a brief review of the antidiabetic drugs of plant origin that have been approved by the Chinese health regulatory agency for commercial use in China. It was believed, through pharmacological studies, that medicinal herbs were meticulously organized in these antidiabetic drug formulas such that polysaccharide containing herbs restore the functions of pancreatic tissues and cause an increase in insulin output by the functional beta cells, while other ingredients enhance the microcirculation, increase the availability of insulin and facilitate the metabolism in insulin-dependent processes. Pharmacological and clinical evaluations indicated that these drugs had a mild, but significant, blood glucose lowering effect and that the long-term use of these agents may be advantageous over chemical drugs in alleviating some of the chronic diseases and complications caused by diabetes. Additionally, the use of these natural agents in conjunction with conventional drug treatments, such as a chemical agent or insulin, permits the use of lower doses of the drug and/or decreased frequency of administration which decreases the side effects most commonly observed. ~9 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 15 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3542. Principles for applying traditional chinese medicine to cases of cancer By Wicke Roger W; Cheung C S From Integrative cancer therapies (2002), 1(2), 175-8; discussion 178, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese herbology uses a system of categorizing clusters of symptoms and signs to differentially assess the presence or absence of syndromes for which effective herbal formulas and methods are known. This system can be useful in detecting and counteracting some of the severe systemic and metabolic imbalances that commonly occur in cases of cancer. Basic theory and terminology is outlined, with comparisons between the empirical concepts of Chinese herbology and their approximate physiological correlates. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3543. Effects of acupuncture therapy on insomnia By Sok Sohyune R; Erlen Judith A; Kim Kwuy Bun From Journal of advanced nursing (2003), 44(4), 375-84, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Acupuncture therapy, commonly used in clinical practice in oriental cultures, has the potential to produce a positive effect with patients experiencing insomnia. AIM: The purposes of this systematic review were: (1) to assess the trends across intervention studies using acupuncture for insomnia from 1975 to 2002, (2) to examine dependent variables, and (3) to evaluate the effects of acupuncture therapy on insomnia in older people. METHOD: Data were collected from November 2001 to January 2003. A wide range of electronic databases was searched using the keywords 'insomnia', 'acupuncture' and 'experimental design'. Papers were included if they were published in the English language between 1975 and 2002 and described an experimental study using acupuncture therapy to treat insomnia. Eleven reports met these criteria. FINDINGS: Most of the studies had been conducted since 1990. The findings showed that the first author was usually a Chinese medical doctor (n = 9) employed in a traditional department of medicine. Most of the papers were published in two journals: International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Data were limited because of the small number of studies available. Half the studies had small samples (50 subjects or fewer), which were composed mainly of older women who had a variable duration of insomnia from 3 days to 34 years. The main method used to assess outcomes was questionnaire. All the studies reported statistically significant positive results. CONCLUSION: The results of this review suggest that acupuncture may be an effective intervention for the relief of insomnia. Further research, using a randomized clinical trial design, are necessary to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture. More work is also needed to promote the long-term therapeutic effects of acupuncture and to compare it with other therapies for insomnia. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3544. HIV and AIDS in the People's Republic of China: a collaborative review By Portsmouth Simon; Stebbing Justin; Keyi Xu; Jianping Zhang; Guohua Pi From International journal of STD & AIDS (2003), 14(11), 757-61, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The number of individuals diagnosed with HIV in China has risen dramatically in the last two years coincident with increased awareness and an attitude change within government. UNAIDS has suggested that China could have 10 million HIV infected people by 2010. However, antiretroviral treatments and HIV testing are not yet widely available and infected individuals often live in remote areas. It is unlikely that cheaper, locally produced, generic antiretroviral formulations will be available in China in the near future. Consequently, alternative strategies to manage HIV infection are being considered including the use of hydroxyurea, chloroquine and traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It is recognized in China that prevention and educational strategies will need to be at the forefront of approaches to control this epidemic. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3545. Traditional Chinese Medicine and heart disease: what does Western medicine and nursing science know about it? SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 16 By Davidson Patricia; Hancock Karen; Leung Dominic; Ang Esther; Chang Esther; Thompson David R; Daly John From European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology (2003), 2(3), 171-81, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Interest in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is growing rapidly beyond China. This interest is driven by a combination of factors including recognition of potential benefits of TCM; dissatisfaction with the traditional Western medical model; an increasing commitment to holistic care and increasing evidence for the interaction of psychological factors and outcomes of disease and treatment and health consumer demand. AIMS: This review article was prompted by the need to understand and interpret the increasing trend towards the use of TCM in heart disease. In particular, this article defines and describes TCM, and analyses implications and challenges for Western health care delivery models. LITERATURE SEARCH: This article provides a review of accessible evidence, to English speaking health care professionals. The CINAHL, MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, Academic ASAP and Cochrane databases were searched, identifying literature published from 1982. Search engines on the Internet were also used. Examples of keywords used were "Traditional Chinese Medicine" and "heart". CONCLUSION: Difficulties in accessing information regarding TCM have implications for health education in coronary heart disease and patient safety. The rapid uptake of TCM in both Western and Chinese societies mandates an understanding of the principles and potential interactions when TCM is complemented with Western medical treatment for heart disease. Development of this knowledge and understanding is essential in order to provide safe and effective health care to patients who use combination therapies. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3546. Application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of infertility By Xu Xian; Yin Hang; Tang Daiyi; Zhang Li; Gosden Roger G From Human fertility (Cambridge, England) (2003), 6(4), 161-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The philosophy and practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been evolving for thousands of years in China, Japan and other Asian countries. TCM is now generating popular interest worldwide for reproductive health care and disease prevention, including applications for treating infertility and improving sexual function. This review focuses on the application of TCM for infertility patients, and provides a critical reflection on the efficacy and safety of selected Chinese herbal formulas. It has been claimed that some formulas produce high clinical pregnancy rates with few or no side effects, as well as improving the general well-being of patients. The need for randomized control trials and research into possible mechanisms of action, effective doses, contra-indications and toxicity is self-evident. However, the task is enormous in view of the number of herbal products currently available on the market; yet among these products are undoubtedly some that will prove to be safe and beneficial. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3547. Ethnopharmacological investigations on Thalictrum plants in China By Chen Si-Bao; Chen Shi-Lin; Xiao Pei-Gen From Journal of Asian natural products research (2003), 5(4), 263-71, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) is an extremely abundant medicinal plant source. Due to their marked ethnopharmacological usages in folk medicine of China and the large number of potentially active chemical constituents, they may be a rich source for new chemicals for drug R&D. Here, an investigation on traditional functions and folk therapeutic uses of Thalictrum plants from China, as well as their main chemical constituents, was undertaken. It showed that 43 Thalictrum plants have long been used as folk medicine to treat many diseases in different races of China. In addition, the correlation between folk therapeutic effects and chemical constituents, and the modem pharmacological activities, are discussed as well as the prospect of isolation and development of new drugs from this genus of plants. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3548. Virtual screening on natural products for discovering active compounds and target information By Shen Jianhua; Xu Xiaoying; Cheng Feng; Liu Hong; Luo Xiaomin; Shen Jingkang; Chen Kaixian; Zhao Weimin; Shen Xu; Jiang Hualiang From Current medicinal chemistry (2003), 10(21), 2327-42, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 17 Natural products, containing inherently large-scale structural diversity than synthetic compounds, have been the major resources of bioactive agents and will continually play as protagonists for discovering new drugs. However, how to access this diverse chemical space efficiently and effectively is an exciting challenge for medicinal chemists and pharmacologists. While virtual screening, which has shown a great promise in drug discovery, will play an important role in digging out lead (active) compounds from natural products. This review focuses on the strategy of virtual screening based on molecular docking and, with successful examples from our laboratory, illustrates the efficiency of virtual screening in discovering active compounds from natural products. On the other hand, the sequencing of the human genome and numerous pathogen genomes has resulted in an unprecedented opportunity for discovering potential new drug targets. Chemogenomics has appeared as a new technology to initiate target discovery by using active compounds as probes to characterize proteome functions. Natural products are the ideal probes for such research. Binding affinity fingerprint is a powerful chemogenomic descriptor to characterize both small molecules and pharmacologically relevant proteins. Therefore, this review also discusses binding affinity fingerprint strategy for identifying target information from the genomic data by using natural products as the probes. ~5 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3549. A survey on TCM treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis By Rao Yuan From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2003), 23(3), 230-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3550. Progress in clinical, pharmacological, chemical and structural biological studies of huperzine A: a drug of traditional chinese medicine origin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease By Jiang Hualiang; Luo Xiaomin; Bai Donglu From Current medicinal chemistry (2003), 10(21), 2231-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE HupA is a potent, reversible AChEI, which crosses the blood-brain barrier smoothly, and shows high specificity for AChE with a prolonged biological half-life. It has been approved as the drug for the treatment of AD in China, and marketed in USA as a dietary supplement. HupA has been the subject of investigations by an ever-increasing number of researchers since 1980's. In the last four years, HupA has been further studied in many aspects such as the chemical synthesis, structural modification, structure-activity relationship, various biological effects, and mechanisms of action. A number of papers dealing with the computational modeling and X-ray crystallographic studies of HupA-AChE complex have also been published. This review represents a comprehensive documentation of the progress in the studies on HupA during the period of 1999-2002. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3551. Chinese medicine and cancer care By Beinfield Harriet; Korngold Efrem From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2003), 9(5), 38-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3552. Therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for chronic prostatitis By Jiang Yi; Wang Jiu-Yuan; Zhang Shu-Wu From Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology (2003), 9(5), 385-8, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 18 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has its unique therapeutic efforts on chronic prostatitis, a common disease of the adult male. This article systematically reviews several aspects below: anti-inflammation, anti-infection, anti-fibrosis, micro-circulation improvement, urodynamics improvement, immunomodulation, improvement of the pH value of prostatic fluid and percolation dynamics of prostatic drugs, adjustment of the microelement zinc, and the characteristics of TCM therapy. It also points out the gaps in recent researches and the focal points of future development. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3553. Systemic therapy of atopic dermatitis By Heratizadeh A; Breuer K; Kapp A; Werfel T From Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete (2003), 54(10), 937-45, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE The optimal treatment of atopic dermatitis requires regular medical supervision. The course of this chronic skin disease is influenced by multiple triggers which are relevant for the treatment. The mainstays of topical therapy include regular use of emollients coupled with antimicrobial substances, corticosteroids and immune modulators as required. Ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppressive regimens represent further options for the treatment of severe exacerbations and may lead to long term improvement. Data from experimental studies provide insight into possible future treatment methods. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3554. Genetic authentication of ginseng and other traditional Chinese medicine By Hon C C; Chow Y C; Zeng F Y; Leung F C C From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2003), 24(9), 841-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The main objective of this paper is to review the chemical and genetic methods used in authentication of ginseng, especially the recent advances in microsatellite genotyping and its application to the authentication of other traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). The standardization and modernization of TCM hinge on the authentication of their botanical identities. Analysis of well-characterized marker compounds is now the most popular method for identifying the herbal materials and quality control of TCM, eg, ginsenoside profiling for authentication of Panax species. However, in many herbal species the chemical composition of the plant changes with the external environment and processing conditions, which lowers the reliability of these authentication methods. In the light of the advances in molecular biotechnology in the past few decades, genetic tools are now considered to provide more standardized and reliable methods for authentication of herbal materials at the DNA level. These genetic tools include random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), DNA fingerprinting using multi-loci probes, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and microsatellite marker technology. The practicality of these methods varies in terms of their sensitivity, reliability, reproducibility, and running cost. Using ginseng as an example, we reviewed the advantages and limitations of these molecular techniques in TCM authentication. We have developed a set of microsatellite markers from American ginseng that are able to differentiate Panax ginseng and Panax quinquetolius with the resolution down to farm level, ie, confirmation of its botanical identity and origin. Compared with other molecular techniques, microsatellite marker technology is more robust, accurate, reproducible, reliable, and sensitive. This is essential for large-scale TCM authentication centers. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3555. Traditional healing systems and the ethos of science By Quah Stella R From Social science & medicine (1982) (2003), 57(10), 1997-2012, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 19 This paper addresses the challenge posed to traditional Chinese medicine by the ethos of science and explores three related assumptions. First, the ethos of traditional Chinese medicine is incompatible with the ethos of science. Second, the challenge of science to traditional Chinese medicine is represented by the requirement to comply with internationally recognized standards of medical research and practice applied to biomedicine, adopted and implemented by the State. The State requires that the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine procedures and medications be ascertained following the methodology chartered by the ethos of science. Third, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners present a third ethos, the "ethos of pragmatic healing" based on the pragmatic acculturation of clinical practice, as an alternative to the ethos of science. This third ethos is an inadequate response to the challenge because it increases the divergence between health care policy requirements of scientific scrutiny and the fostering of traditional Chinese medicine as an icon of Chinese culture. The study is based on data from personal interviews with representative samples of three ethnic populations in Singapore; secondary data from other studies; relevant official data; and documents from biomedical and traditional Chinese medicine organizations. The methods include inductive analysis, multiple correlation and regression, and factor analysis among others. The analysis indicates that the pressure to comply with official health regulations and the inability to succeed under the ethos of science lead traditional Chinese medicine practitioners to respond with an ethos of pragmatic healing that eschews conceptual analysis, ignores the paradigmatic divide with biomedicine, and focuses on "using what works". This third ethos can only be a temporary response to the pressure to upgrade the practice of traditional Chinese medicine and it does not correspond to pragmatic acculturation commonly found in the population. The ethos of pragmatic healing leaves the challenge of science unresolved and it is likely to increase the level of conflict between the realm of biomedicine (including health care policy requirements of scientific scrutiny) and the ethos of traditional Chinese medicine. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3556. Combined interventional therapies of hepatocellular carcinoma By Qian Jun; Feng Gan-Sheng; Vogl Thomas From World journal of gastroenterology : WJG (2003), 9(9), 1885-91, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, responsible for an estimated one million deaths annually. It has a poor prognosis due to its rapid infiltrating growth and complicating liver cirrhosis. Surgical resection, liver transplantation and cryosurgery are considered the best curative options, achieving a high rate of complete response, especially in patients with small HCC and good residual liver function. In nonsurgery, regional interventional therapies have led to a major breakthrough in the management of unresectable HCC, which include transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave coagulation therapy (MCT), laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT), etc. As a result of the technical development of locoregional approaches for HCC during the recent decades, the range of combined interventional therapies has been continuously extended. Most combined multimodal interventional therapies reveal their enormous advantages as compared with any single therapeutic regimen alone, and play more important roles in treating unresectable HCC. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3557. Phytomedicines for the prostate By Steenkamp Vanessa From Fitoterapia (2003), 74(6), 545-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Phytomedicines are becoming more popular all over the world. Prostate cancer patients and those with benign prostatic hyperplasia are increasingly exploring the use of complementary alternative medicine especially due to the risk of mortality and long-term morbidity associated with surgical procedures. The incidences of prostate diseases are continually rising and the effect of phytomedicines already tested do provide relief, are well comparable with that of traditional forms of treatment. This paper reviews the phytomedicines used in Africa, Western countries and China as a treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and prostate cancer. Herbals which hold potential promise are mentioned, although much research is still required. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3558. Applications of phosphorimetry in pharmaceutical analysis SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 20 By Li Wei; Cao Ling-xian; Li Gai-ru; Jin Wei-jun From Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu (2002), 22(3), 518-22, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Applications of phosphorimetry including solid substrate phosphorescence, liquid medium phosphorescence, low temperature phosphorescence and phosphorescence sensors were reviewed in pharmaceutical analysis. The drugs involved here included the varieties of alkaloid, Chinese traditional medicine, tetracyclines, quinolone, riboflavin, anticancer medicine, naphazoline, naproxen, nafronyl dipyridamole and so on. Solid surface phosphorimetry is characterized by sample volume of microliter grade, simple and fast operation procedures in pharmaceutical analysis. The combination of liquid phosphorescence with flow injection analysis and chemosensing technique has good advantages in fast, continuous and on-line monitoring of medicines. Modified low temperature phosphorimetry still remains its high sensitivity and overcomes some disadvantages in the procedures. Phosphorimetry will be more widely applied to pharmaceutical analysis as the development of sensitive and quenching, energy transfer, derivative and immunization luminescence. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3559. Traditional Chinese medicine in dermatology By Koo John; Desai Rishi From Dermatologic therapy (2003), 16(2), 98-105, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative method of therapy that can be administered in oral, topical, or injectable forms. It emphasizes the importance of using many herbs that are combined in different formulations for each individual patient. Since it is not possible to discuss all applications of TCM in every skin disorder, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are used as the prototypes in illustrating the use of TCM. A number of studies have shown the usefulness of TCM in the treatment of these skin conditions, and thus it is worthwhile for dermatologists throughout the West to gain some familiarity with this method. We attempt to provide a general overview of TCM through a discussion of efficacy, mechanisms of action, and side effects of various TCMs. A warning regarding the possible contamination of TCMs is also included. In the future, perhaps a better understanding of TCM will be gained through more systematic analysis and controlled studies with a placebo arm. It is our hope that this article will provide dermatologists with a more complete understanding of the role and ramifications of TCM therapy. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3560. The application of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry in the trace elements and speciation analysis of traditional Chinese Medicine By Chen Hao; Liang Pei; Hu Bin; Zhao Li; Sun Da-hai; Wang Xiao-ru From Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu (2002), 22(6), 1019-24, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE A review on the content and speciation analysis of trace element in traditional chinese medicine (TCM) by ICPAES/MS was presented. The study is mainly focused on the following subjects: sample digestion techniques; determination and speciation analysis of trace elements. The development trend of this area in the near future is briefly introduced. 58 references are cited. The results show that the microwave digestion techniques is a idea pretreatment method of sample for tradition chinese medicine; ICP-AES/MS and all kinds of hyphenated techniques for atomic optical/mass spectrometry/chromatography are very useful for the determination and speciation analysis of trace elements in TCM. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3561. Advances in the research of the peritoneal lymphatic stomata in human By Li H; Li J From Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae (2000), 22(6), 585-8, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 21 Peritoneal lymphatic stomata are small openings of the subperitoneal lymphatic vessels on the free surface of the mesothelium. The peritoneal cavity is connected with lymphatic system via these small openings which are considered to be the main passage-way that can absorb matter from the peritoneal cavity. The lymphatic stomata are claimed to be involved in many clinic procedures, such as ascites elimination; ultrafiltration failure on the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; metastasis of tumor cells from the peritoneal cavity, and so on. It was reported that the cellular factor-NO(i.e. endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF) can enhance the patency of the stomata and lymphatic absorption of the stomata by stimulating guanylate way, then increasing the concentration of the cGMP, decreasing the concentration of the [Ca2+] and as a result diastole the lymphatic stomata. Some traditional Chinese medicines, which can enhance absorption of ascites, have a regulative function on the stomata by enhancing the NO concentration. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3562. Natural products of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum: occurrence, biological activities, and pharmacological functions By Shiao Ming-Shi From Chemical record (New York, N.Y.) (2003), 3(3), 172-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine, produces polysaccharides and oxygenated triterpenoids with a very broad spectrum of biological activities and pharmacological functions. Among the Ganoderma triterpenoids, many pairs of C-3 alpha/beta stereoisomers and C-3/C-15 positional isomers have been identified. Biosynthetic study has indicated that the C-3alpha series of oxygenated triterpenoids is derived from the C-3beta series via an oxidation-reduction pathway. The interaction of Ganoderma triterpenoids with human platelets in the induction of aggregation and inhibition of agonist-induced aggregation and signal transduction has been elucidated. Reduction of cellular mevalonate content to a stage in which cholesterol synthesis is strongly inhibited and cell growth is marginally arrested sensitizes hepatoma cells to the oxygenated triterpenoids. A combination treatment of lovastatin and Ganoderma triterpenoids in animal studies has exhibited a potential anticancer effect. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3563. Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function By Howes Melanie-Jayne R; Houghton Peter J From Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior (2003), 75(3), 513-27, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In traditional practices of Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). An ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads to identifying potential new drugs from plant sources, including those for cognitive disorders. Many drugs currently available in Western medicine were originally isolated from plants, or are derived from templates of compounds isolated from plants. Some anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) alkaloids isolated from plants have been investigated for their potential in the treatment of AD, and are now in clinical use. Galantamine, isolated from several plants including Lycoris radiata Herb., which was used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is licensed in the United Kingdom for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Various other plant species have shown pharmacological activities relevant to the treatment of cognitive disorders, indicating potential for therapeutic use in disorders such as AD. This article reviews some of the plants and their active constituents that have been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine and TCM for their reputed cognitive-enhancing or antiageing effects. Plants and their constituents with pharmacological activities that may be relevant for the treatment of cognitive disorders, including enhancement of cholinergic function in the central nervous system (CNS), anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, are discussed. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3564. Tetrandrine and related bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from medicinal herbs: cardiovascular effects and mechanisms of action By Kwan Chiu-Yin; Achike F I From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2002), 23(12), 1057-68, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 22 Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid purified and identified an active ingredient in a Chinese medicinal herb, radix stephanae tetrandrae, has been used traditionally for the treatment of congestive circulatory disorder and inflammatory diseases. TET, together with a few of its structural analogues, has long been demonstrated to have antihypertensive action in clinical as well as animal studies. Presumably, the primary anti-hypertensive action of TET is due to its vasodilatory properties. TET prevents or inhibits vascular contraction induced by membrane depolarization with KCl or alpha-adrenoceptor activation with phenylephrine (PE). TET (30 micromol/L) also inhibits the release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) as well as NO production by inducible NO synthase. TET apparently inhibits multiple Ca2+ entry pathways as demonstrated in cell types lacking the L-type Ca2+ channels. In cardiac muscle cells, TET inhibits both L- and T-type Ca2+ channels. In addition to its actions on cardiovascular tissues, TET may also exert its anti-hypertensive action via a Ca2+-dependent manner on other tissues intimately involved in the modulation of blood pressure control, such as adrenal glands. In adrenal glomerulosa cells, KCl- or angiotensin II-induced aldosterone synthesis is highly dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Steroidogenesis and Ca2+-influx in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells have been shown to be potently inhibited by TET. In bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, TET inhibits Ca2+ currents via L- and N-type channels as well as other unidentified channels with IC50 of 10 micromol/L. Other than the Ca2+ antagonistic effects, TET also interacts with the alpha-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors based on functional as well as radioligand binding studies. Apart from its functional effects, TET and related compounds also exert effects on tissue structures, such as remodelling of hypertrophied heart and inhibition of angiogenesis, probably by causing apoptotic responses. TET is also known for its anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic actions, which make TET and related compound potentially useful in the treatment of lung silicosis, liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. ~5 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3565. Review of study on mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating autoimmunity disease By Chen Zijun; Li Yunsen; Li Yikui From Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (2003), 26(3), 218-21, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE This paper summarizes mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating autoimmunity disease which are immunoinhibitation, immunoregulation, anti-oxidation, acceleration of apoptosis and affection on nerve medium. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3566. Advances in the study on depressive and anxiety disorders treated with traditional Chinese medicine and herbal drugs By Li J M; Kong L D From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2001), 26(12), 805-7, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3567. Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards By Still J From Complementary therapies in medicine (2003), 11(2), 118-22, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been increasingly practised in many countries of the world. Some recent textbooks of TCM still recommend formulas containing various animal tissues such as tiger bones, antelope, buffalo or rhino horns, deer antlers, testicles and os penis of the dog, bear or snake bile. Usually, animal tissues are combined with medical herbs. In most of the cases, the medical use of the preparations is justified in terms of the rules of TCM. So far, little research has been done to prove the claimed clinical efficacy of TCM animal products. This paper discusses some related ecological, ethico-legal and health concerns such as hunting, breeding and trade with endangered species, risks of transmission of zoonoses, quality of the products, and alternatives to preparations from endangered species. ~7 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 23 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3568. Chemical and pharmacological investigations of Epimedium species: a survey By Wu Hao; Lien Eric J; Lien Linda L From Progress in drug research. Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung. Progres des recherches pharmaceutiques (2003), 601-57, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE More than 130 different compounds have been identified from over 16 species of the Epimedium genus of the Berberidaceae family. Eight of these species have been used in the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) over centuries to treate a wide range of diseases. From in vitro and in vivo experimental data, and preliminary structureactivity relationship (SAR) analysis of the androgenic/anti-estrogenic and anti-oxidant activities of the icariin series of flavonoids and glycosides, the results appear to be consistent with those of known anti-estrogenic flavonoids, such as luteolin. Further QSAR analysis of the different active ingredients is now in progress and will be reported elsewhere. Our survey suggests the possibility of multiple targets and multiple mechanisms of action by Epimedium preparations and their purified compounds. These may serve as leads for further new drug development. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3569. Integrating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into standard hospice and palliative care By Lewis Charles R; de Vedia Ana; Reuer Barbara; Schwan Rodney; Tourin Christina From The American journal of hospice & palliative care (2003), 20(3), 221-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In the United States, there are 629 million visits to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers each year. Many adults appear to value both conventional and CAM approaches. Because of this public interest and promising evidence that CAM relieves suffering and improves quality of life, we established a program of CAM, known as Integrative Palliative Care (IPC), in a US hospice. This paper outlines our strategy of collaborative relationships with community schools of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), massage, and harp therapy. It also describes the use of volunteers and small grants and donations to develop and maintain a program of CAM in the hospice setting. The difficulties of research design, problems with tracking outcomes, and the shortcomings of providing therapies with this model are discussed. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3570. Future approaches to food allergy By Nowak-Wegrzyn Anna From Pediatrics (2003), 111(6 Pt 3), 1672-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Food allergy affects approximately 2% of the general US population, and its prevalence seems to be increasing. Despite the potential for a fatal outcome, no definitive therapies are available for food allergy. This article reviews novel approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of food allergy. Improved diagnostic methods include more precise in vitro and in vivo tests for immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies, in vitro assays for predicting development of oral tolerance, and novel noninvasive tests for cell-mediated food allergies such as patch testing, cytokine assays, and detection of eosinophil activation markers. Several promising novel immunomodulatory approaches to food allergy are discussed, including monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E; probiotics; traditional Chinese medicine; and immunotherapy with modified food proteins, peptides, bacterial adjuvants, and immunostimulatory sequences. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3571. Application of pattern recognition to quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine By Zhao Yu-xin; Li Man-ling From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2002), 27(11), 808-11, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 24 OBJECTIVE: To review the application of the pattern recognition to quality assessment of the Chinese Traditional Medicine. METHOD: Papers of application of chemical pattern recognition, pattern recognition of stereoscopic features and artificial neural networks to quality assessment of the Chinese Traditional Medicine were collected and the application of different method was reviewed. RESULT: IR, UV, GC, GC-Mass and the sum mass spectra were used to evaluate the chemical character of different samples, and the microscopic features of the epidermis were scored quantitatively by stereology and image analysis on the basis of classical taxonomy,. BP networks were also widely used. CONCLUSION: Chemical pattern recognition, pattern recognition of stereoscopic features and artificial neural networks are of important use in quality assessment of material medica. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3572. Recent development of antitumor agents from Chinese herbal medicines. Part II. High molecular compounds(3) By Tang Weici; Hemm Ingrid; Bertram Barbara From Planta medica (2003), 69(3), 193-201, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE High molecular compounds from Chinese herbal medicines, including ribosome-inactivating proteins and polysaccharides from both fungi and high plants have been tested for the treatment of malignant diseases. Polysaccharides possessing immunostimulating activities can be used as adjuvants in tumor treatment. The fungi containing such polysaccharides are usually edible mushrooms or tonics in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Parts from high plants such as Radix Astragali and Fructus Lycii containing polysaccharides are mainly used as tonic in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Ribosome-inactivating proteins are a group of proteins exerting cytotoxic activities via inhibition of protein synthesis. Some of the ribosome-inactivating proteins have been used as the cytotoxic part in conjugates with monoclonal antibodies as tumor-targeting drugs. The cytotoxic and antineoplastic mechanisms of the high molecular compounds are rather different from those of the low molecular compounds described in part I. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3573. New findings in acupuncture therapy By Habek Dubravko From Lijecnicki vjesnik (2002), 124(10), 322-9, Language: Croatian, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture is an ancient method of healing coming from the Chinese traditional medicine. In Western medical science it is accepted and proven method of healing based on neurophysiological, neurobiochemical and neuroendocrinological research. Acupuncture as a method of healing has been accepted also by the World Health Organisation with strongly defined indications and contraindications. Indications for acupuncture included: acute and chronic pain syndrome, allergic disorders, addiction, psychosomatic and psychosexual illness and acupuncture analgesia/anaesthesia. It is very important that there are no harms of acupuncture treatment, although mild side effects are possible. Acupuncture is based on characteristics of meridian points, afferent nerve information evoked by acupuncture stimulation, inhibitory mechanisms in the central nervous system, endogenous antinociceptive substances concerned with acupuncture analgesia and descending mechanisms of antinociceptive control. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3574. Progression of study on treatment of acute myocardial infarction with thrombolysis therapy of integrated tradition Chinese and Western medicine By Yang Chuan-hua; Lu Feng From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2002), 22(1), 73-5, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 25 3575. Superfine comminution technology and its application in the processing of Chinese traditional medicine By Chen Li; Wu Yiping; Zhang Lefu From Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (2002), 25(1), 55-7, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE The definition and mechanism of superfine comminution is introduced and the characteristics of equipments in common use for superfine comminution were outlined. The advantages of Chinese traditional medicine processed by superfine comminution are analyzed. The stress was laid on the present state and their advantages and disadvantages of the equipments used in the processing of Chinese traditional medicine. Vibration mill was pointed out to be the optimal equipment for the superfine comminution of Chinese traditional medicine. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3576. A systematic review of alternative therapies in the irritable bowel syndrome By Spanier Jennifer A; Howden Colin W; Jones Michael P From Archives of internal medicine (2003), 163(3), 265-74, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder associated with a significant burden of illness, poor quality of life, high rates of absenteeism, and high health care utilization. Management can be difficult and treatment unrewarding; these facts have led physicians and patients toward alternative therapies. We explored a variety of treatments that exist beyond the scope of commonly used therapies for irritable bowel syndrome. Guarded optimism exists for traditional Chinese medicine and psychological therapies, but further well-designed trials are needed. Oral cromolyn sodium may be useful in chronic unexplained diarrhea and appears as effective as and safer than elimination diets. The roles of lactose and fructose intolerance remain poorly understood. Alterations of enteric flora may play a role in irritable bowel syndrome, but supporting evidence for bacterial overgrowth or probiotic therapy is lacking. ~8 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3577. Progress of TCM study on insulin resistance By Xie Q C; Sui Z Y; Zhang W G From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2001), 21(11), 8724, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3578. Biological properties and therapeutic potential of bilirubin By McGeary Ross P; Szyczew Alexander J; Toth Istvan From Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry (2003), 3(3), 253-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Bilirubin was long considered a useless metabolite of heme catabolism, responsible for the clinical manifestation of jaundice, and potentially toxic in high doses, particularly in neonates. In the past two decades the potent biological properties of bilirubin, particularly as an antioxidant, have been recognised, and this has prompted a number of investigations into this molecule concerning its in vitro and in vivo properties. This review summarises that work, as well as more recent investigations into the potential therapeutic uses of bilirubin. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3579. Novel diarylheptanoids of Alpinia blepharocalyx By Kadota Shigetoshi; Tezuka Yasuhiro; Prasain Jeevan Kumar; Ali Mohammad Shawkat; Banskota Arjun H From Current topics in medicinal chemistry (2003), 3(2), 203-25, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 26 The seeds of Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae) is used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of stomach disorders. From the ether fraction of a 95% ethanolic extract, which showed hepatoprotective and antiproliferative activities, we isolated 16 novel diarylheptanoids bearing a chalcone or a flavanone moiety [calyxins A-H; epicalyxins B-D, G, and H; 6-hydroxycalyxin F; and blepharocalyxins A and B] together with seven known compounds, while the residual fraction of the ethanolic extract gave 32 novel diarylheptanoids namely, calyxins A, E-G, and I-M; epicalyxins B, F, I-K, and M; deoxycalyxin A; blepharocalyxins C-E; neocalyxins A and B; (3S,5S)and (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-7-phenyl-6E-heptene, (3S,5S)- and (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-1-(4hydroxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-phenyl-6E-heptene, (3S)-3-methoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6E-hepten-5-one, 1,7-bis(4hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-4E,6E-dien-3-one, (3S,7R)-5,6-dehydro-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4"-de-O-methyl-centrolobine, (3S,5S,6S,7R)-5,6-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4"-de-O-me-thylcentrolobine, (3S,5R,6S,7R)- and (3S,5S,6R,7R)-5,6-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4"-de-O-methyl-centrolobine, 1,2- dihydro-bis(de-Omethyl)curcumin, and (3S,7S)-5,6-dehydro-4"-de-O-methylcentrolobine, and one known diarylheptanoid [(3S,5S)-3,5dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane] together with 12 other known phenolic compounds. Moreover, in vitro NO inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of the isolated compounds were also tested and the active constituents identified. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3580. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of triptolide, the principal active diterpenoid from the Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f By Qiu Daoming; Kao Peter N From Drugs in R&D (2003), 4(1), 1-18, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii hook. f. (leigong teng, Thundergod vine) are effective in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of immune inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, nephritis and asthma. Characterisation of the terpenoids present in extracts of Tripterygium identified triptolide, a diterpenoid triepoxide, as responsible for most of the immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects observed in vitro. Triptolide inhibits lymphocyte activation and T-cell expression of interleukin-2 at the level of transcription. In all cell types examined, triptolide inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB transcriptional activation at a unique step in the nucleus after binding to DNA. Further characterisation of the molecular mechanisms of triptolide action will serve to elucidate pathways of immune system regulation. ~12 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3581. A review of research actuality on age-related macular degeneration By Wang X; Hu S From Yan ke xue bao = Eye science / "Yan ke xue bao" bian ji bu (2001), 17(4), 245-51, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE A research actuality on Age-related Macular Degeneration(AMD) is reviewed, including epidemiology, pathogeny, mechanism, and the therapy of western or traditional chinese medicine. The pathogeny of AMD is linked with age, race, the history of heredity, smoking and environment. The mechanism of AMD is concerned with the metabolic disturbance of RPE and the chronic nonspecific inflammation. The main therapies for treating AMD include laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, surgery, radiotherapy, drug and gene therapy. Using traditional chinese medicine to treat AMD is an exploratory direction which deserves to be mentioned due to the present situation of no effective treatments to AMD. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3582. Assessing the consistency of traditional Chinese medical diagnosis: an integrative approach By Zhang Grant G; Bausell Barker; Lao Lixing; Handwerger Barry; Berman Brian M From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2003), 9(1), 66-71, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 27 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) differs from its Western counterpart in a number of ways. One of the more striking ways involves a conceptually oriented diagnostic system that relies more on the clinician's reading of the patient's symptoms and signs than on laboratory findings. Because highly individualized TCM treatment plans emanate directly from its diagnostic system, a necessary condition for conducting clinically relevant TCM efficacy trials rests on the answer to a simple question: How consistent are different TCM practitioners at making the same TCM diagnoses and prescribing comparable treatment regimens for the same group of patients? Unfortunately, this question has not been adequately investigated, nor has the related question: Could the TCM diagnostic process be enhanced by access to modern biomedical tests? The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to discuss a number of the conceptual and methodological issues involved in the design of a recently funded NIH study whose primary purpose is to address these 2 questions. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3583. Plants with traditional uses and activities, relevant to the management of Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders By Howes Melanie-Jayne R; Perry Nicolette S L; Houghton Peter J From Phytotherapy research : PTR (2003), 17(1), 1-18, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In traditional practices of medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other memory related disorders. An ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads to identifying potential new drugs from plant sources, including those for memory disorders. There are numerous drugs available in Western medicine that have been directly isolated from plants, or are derived from templates of compounds from plant sources. For example, some alkaloids from plant sources have been investigated for their potential in AD therapy, and are now in clinical use (e.g. galantamine from Galanthus nivalis L. is used in the United Kingdom). Various other plant species have shown favourable effects in AD, or pharmacological activities indicating the potential for use in AD therapy. This article reviews some of the plants and their active constituents that have been used in traditional medicine, including Ayurvedic, Chinese, European and Japanese medicine, for their reputed cognitive-enhancing and antidementia effects. Plants and their constituents with pharmacological activities that may be relevant to the treatment of cognitive disorders, including enhancement of cholinergic function in the central nervous system, anti-cholinesterase (anti-ChE), antiinflammatory, antioxidant and oestrogenic effects, are discussed. ~7 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3584. Serious adverse effects of unconventional therapies for children and adolescents: a systematic review of recent evidence By Ernst Edzard From European journal of pediatrics (2003), 162(2), 72-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Unconventional therapies have become popular in paediatric and adolescent populations. It is therefore important to define their risks. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the recent evidence. Computerised literature searches were carried out in five databases to identify all recent reports of adverse events associated with unconventional therapies in children. The reports were summarised in narrative and tabular form. The results show that numerous case reports and several case series have been published since 1990. Investigations of a more systematic nature are, however, rare. Most of the adverse events were associated with herbal medications. Inadequately regulated herbal medicines may contain toxic plant material, be contaminated with heavy metals, or be adulterated with synthetic drugs. The adverse events included bradycardia, brain damage, cardiogenic shock, diabetic coma, encephalopathy, heart rupture, intravascular haemolysis, liver failure, respiratory failure, toxic hepatitis and death. A high degree of uncertainty regarding a causal relationship between therapy and adverse event was frequently noted. The size of the problem and its importance relative to the well-documented risks of conventional treatments are presently unknown. Several unconventional therapies may constitute a risk to the health of children and adolescents. At present, it is impossible to provide reliable incidence figures. It seems important to be vigilant and investigate this area more systematically. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 28 3585. Authentication of traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHM) by fingerprints of characteristic general constituents By Qin H L; Wang Z T; Xu L S; Zhao T Z From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2001), 26(1), 4-9, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVE: To describe the theory, scientific significance, distinguishing features and authentication feasibility of TCHMs by spectral fingerprints of characteristic general constituents. METHOD: Previous relevant investigations and literatures were summed up in the field, and the present situation on the authentication of TCHMs at home and abroad was analysed. RESULT: The characteristic general constituents of TCHMs can be obtained by an appropriate procedure. Their compositions and structures can be determined by spectral fingerprints, especially the 1HNMR fingerprint. The species of TCHMs can be identified accurately by these fingerprints. Besides, the quality of TCHMs can be evaluated by the contents of their GCEs. CONCLUSION: Fingerprint authentication of characteristic general constituents of TCHMs has profound significance for the species identification and quality evaluation of TCHMs. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3586. Traditional Chinese herbal drugs in military medicine: uses and prospects By Shi C H; Xiao X H; Bao Y Y; Liu F Q From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2000), 25(12), 746-50, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3587. Phytotherapy in chronic prostatitis By Shoskes Daniel A From Urology (2002), 60(6 Suppl), 35-7; discussion 37, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Chronic prostatitis is a very common condition that is poorly understood and has a significant impact on quality of life. Given the lack of proven efficacy of conventional therapies, such as antibiotics, it is not surprising that patients have turned with increasing frequency to phytotherapy and other alternative treatments. Although alternative therapies are plentiful, few have been subjected to scientific scrutiny and prospective controlled clinical trials. This review will cover phytotherapies commonly used in prostatitis patients and focus in detail on those with published data. These treatments include zinc, cernilton (bee pollen), quercetin, and saw palmetto. Although many of these therapies appear promising in small preliminary studies, phytotherapy requires the same scientific criteria for validation and acceptance as do conventional medical therapies. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3588. Entelechy: the intelligence of the body By de Quincey Christian From Advances in mind-body medicine (2002), 18(1), 41-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3589. Advances in the study on effect of traditional Chinese medicine on gene expression By Chen S H; Wang X H; Wang S Q From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (2000), 25(9), 515-7, 565, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 29 OBJECTIVE: To review the progresses in the study on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on gene expression. METHOD: Consulting more than 20 domestic relevant documents of recent years and summarizing several representative kinds of TCM. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The curative effect of TCM has something to do with its bioactive composition that promotes the regulation of gene expression; and the continued study on this mechanism of regulation may contribute to the modernization of TCM theory. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3590. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast cancer By Cohen Isaac; Tagliaferri Mary; Tripathy Debu From Seminars in oncology (2002), 29(6), 563-74, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The treatment of breast cancer involves multiple disciplines, and current recommendations are based on modern tenets of biology and pharmacology along with a growing body of evidence-based literature. Despite advances in screening, surgery, adjuvant radiation, and systemic therapy, as well as novel biologically targeted therapies, there are limitations to their benefits, especially in advanced disease. Complementary therapies including Oriental medicine have enjoyed a growing popularity as a less intensive and more "natural" approach to achieving health or improving quality of life. However, definitive literature in this area is scant and therefore has not been integrated into the mainstream medical community. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may serve as a useful model for scientific inquiry since there is a standardized system of diagnostics and therapies, and this discipline is practiced worldwide. Still, the holistic and individualized nature of TCM presents challenges to rigorous clinical testing, and as a result, most published work in this field is in the form of anecdotal reports or uncontrolled series. Among the components of TCM, herbal or botanical agents possess complex biological activities that could affect many aspects of carcinogenesis such as cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, host-tumor interactions, and immune function and differentiation. Despite a fairly extensive series of laboratory studies detailing many biological effects of botanical agents, few clinical trials have been completed to test specific hypotheses regarding the mode of action of TCM. Most TCM therapies have been empirically applied in a series of patients, with descriptive results provided. The summaries of a few studies highlighted in this review can provide some evidence of safety but generally do not possess the design and results to verify clinical effectiveness. Nevertheless, the theory of TCM coupled with laboratory studies and safety information can serve as a basis for the design of more definitive trials of TCM for specific indications in breast cancer. There are increasing interest and growing opportunities for investigative approaches that could ultimately verify or reject TCM and specific botanical agents. Some of these initiatives in the area of breast cancer prevention and treatment are outlined. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3591. Ion-channels in human sperm membrane and contraceptive mechanisms of male antifertility compounds derived from Chinese traditional medicine By Shi Yu-Liang; Bai Jun-Ping; Wang Wen-Ping From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2003), 24(1), 22-30, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Ion channel plays a key role in maturation, capacitation and acrosome reaction of sperm. However, as it is difficult to record channel currents from a mature mammal sperm directly by patch-clamp technique, there were no basic data on the types and properties of the channels in human sperm until the method reconstituting the channels into bilayer was used. By reconstituting the channel proteins isolated from sperm membrane into phospholipid-forming bilayer, we have characterized several kinds of Ca2+-, Na+-, K+-, and Cl--permeable channels with different conductance and properties in human sperm membrane. To study the channels in spermatogenic cells is another approach to understand the ion-channels in mature sperm. The cell is used as a model to analyze the effects of male antifertility agents on Ca2+-channel. To date, several male contraceptives derived from Chinese traditional medicine have been attached worldwide interest, a lot of compounds have been purified from them, and the antifertility effects of some compounds were demonstrated. We studied the effects of gossypol and several compounds isolated from Tripterygium wilffordii on Ca2+ channel in mouse spermatogenic cells and found that each of them inhibited the channel and sperm acrosome reaction at a proximate concentration, suggesting that the inhibition of Ca2+ channels may be one mechanism of the antifertility effects of these contraceptives. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3592. Medical application of nano-materials SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 30 By Jiang Hui-qing; Chen Yi-fei From Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery (2002), 16(6), 435-7, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress and medical application of nano-materials. METHODS: The literature review and comprehensive analysis, methods were used in this study. RESULTS: The Nanotechnology is a typical crossing knowledge. It could be extensively applied in the fields of novel biomaterials, effective transmission of bioactive factor; the detection of functions for all vital organ systems, vascular circulation condition, the control of repair of burn trauma wounds will be monitored by the varied methods of nano technology combined with molecular biological engineering. CONCLUSION: The application of Nanotechnology will play important roles in clinical medicine, wound repair and basic research for the traditional Chinese medicine. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3593. Renal interstitial fibrosis and urothelial carcinoma associated with the use of a Chinese herb (Aristolochia fangchi) By Nortier J L; Vanherweghem J L From Toxicology (2002), 181-182577-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE A new renal disease called 'Chinese-herb nephropathy' (CHN) has been reported to occur in women who have ingested slimming pills containing powdered extracts of the Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra (ST). Moderate to endstage renal disease developed, requiring renal replacement therapy by dialysis or transplantation. Phytochemical analyses of the pills revealed the presence of aristolochic acids (AA) instead of tetrandrine, suggesting the substitution of ST (Han fang ji) by Aristolochia fangchi containing nephrotoxic and carcinogenic AA. A typical histological feature of CHN is a progressive interstitial fibrosis leading to a severe atrophy of the proximal tubules, as documented by the urinary excretion rates of markers of tubular integrity (reduction of neutral endopeptidase enzymuria and high levels of microproteinurias). Removal of the native kidneys and ureters in end-stage CHN patients provided a high prevalence of urothelial carcinoma (46%). Tissue samples contained AA-related DNA adducts, which are not only specific markers of prior exposure to AA but are also directly involved in tumorigenesis. Exposure to Aristolochia species (spp.) is associated with the development of renal interstitial fibrosis (CHN) and urothelial cancer in humans. Health professionals should be aware that in traditional Chinese medicine, Aristolochia spp. are considered interchangeable with certain other herbal ingredients and are also sometimes mistaken for ST, Akebia, Asarum, Clematis spp. and Cocculus spp. in herbal remedies. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3594. Toxicity of the Chinese herb mu tong (Aristolochia manshuriensis). What history tells us By Zhu You-Ping From Adverse drug reactions and toxicological reviews (2002), 21(4), 171-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Plant sources of some traditional Chinese herbs may have changed over time. History records of herbal toxicity should be viewed critically when different plants might have been used under the same name in earlier eras. The current main source of the Chinese herb Mu Tong is Aristolochia manshuriensis. Examination of classical Chinese herbal literature revealed that until the mid 17th century the original source plants of Mu Tong had been several Akebia species. From the 17th century until the early 20th century Clematis species were the main source of Mu Tong. A manshuriensis has only been widely used since the 1950s. Renal failure due to ingestion of large doses of A. manshuriensis has been reported in China and other countries while no such toxicity has been recorded in traditional Chinese herbal texts. Documentation of traditional Chinese herbal literature should help to ensure the safe use of Chinese herbs. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3595. The Baikal scullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)--a potential source of new drugs By Martin J; Dusek J From Ceska a Slovenska farmacie : casopis Ceske farmaceuticke spolecnosti a Slovenske farmaceuticke spolecnosti (2002), 51(6), 277-83, Language: Czech, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 31 The scullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is a medicinal plant of traditional Chinese medicine and the drug-Scutellariae radix--is, because of its antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiallergic, and sedative properties, the subject of intensive development. This paper reports the results of pharmacological-toxicological studies of this drug and its flavonids approximately from the year 1990 till the year 2001. The results confirm the validity of traditional use and at the same time indicate that some flavonoids have more utilizable therapeutic effects. Mainly baicalein seems to be a prospective medicine for the treatment of some kinds of cancer. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3596. Linking Chinese medicine and G-protein-coupled receptors By Im Dong Soon From Trends in pharmacological sciences (2003), 24(1), 2-4, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Following the purification of the immunosuppressant ISP-1 from a Chinese medicine, Japanese scientists have developed a more potent immune modulator, FTY720, that induces T-cell homing. FTY720, a promising immunosuppressant for use in patients with tissue transplants and autoimmune diseases, is currently in clinical trials. Two recent studies have elucidated that the mechanism of action of FTY720 is via a subset of G-protein-coupled receptors for the lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3597. Preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine compound recipe heart-protecting musk pH-dependent gradientrelease pellets By Song Hongtao; Guo Tao; Zhang Ruhua; Zheng Chunli; Ma Yan; Li Xian; Bi Kaishun; Tang Xing From Drug development and industrial pharmacy (2002), 28(10), 1261-73, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In this study a sustained-release formulation of traditional Chinese medicine compound recipe (TCMCR) was developed by selecting heart-protecting musk pills (HPMP) as the model drug. Heart-protecting musk pellets were prepared with the refined medicinal materials contained in the recipe of HPMP. Two kinds of coated pellets were prepared by using pH-dependent methacrylic acid as film-forming material, which could dissolve under different pH values in accordance with the physiological range of human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The pellets coated with Eudragit L30D-55, which dissolves at pH value over 5.5, were designed to disintegrate and release drug in the duodenum. The pellets coated with Eudragit L100-Eudragit S100 combinations in the ratio of 1:5, which dissolve at pH value 6.8 or above, were designed to disintegrate and release drug in the jejunum to ileum. The pellets coated with HPMC, which dissolves in water at any pH value, were designed to disintegrate and release drug in the stomach. Finally, the heart-protecting musk sustained-release capsules (HPMSRC) with a pH-dependent gradient-release pattern were prepared by encapsulating the above three kinds of coated pellets at a certain ratio in hard gelatin capsule. The results of dissolution of borneol (one of the active compounds of the TCMCR) in vitro demonstrated that the coating load and the pH value of the dissolution medium had little effect on the release rate of borneol from pellets coated with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), but had a significant effect on the release rate of borneol from pellets coated with Eudragit L30D-55 or Eudragit L100-Eudragit S100 combinations in the ratio of 1:5. The pellets coated with Eudragit L30D-55 at 30% (w/w) coating load or above had little drug release in 0.1 mol/L HCl for 3 hr and started to release drug at pH value over 5.5. The pellets coated with Eudragit L100-Eudragit S100 combinations in the ratio of 1:5 at 36% (w/w) coating load or higher had little drug release in 0.1 mol/L HCl for 3 hr and in phosphate buffer of pH value 6.6 for 2 hr, and started to release drug at pH value 6.8 or above. The release profiles of lipophilic bornoel and hydrophilic total ginsenoside from HPMSRC, consisting of three kinds of pellets respectively coated at a certain ratio with HPMC, Eudragit L30D-55, and Eudragit L100-Eudragit S100 in the ratio of 1:5, showed a characteristic of pH-dependent gradient release under the simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions and no significant difference between them. The results indicated that various components with extremely different physicochemical properties in the pH-dependent gradient-release delivery system of TCMCR could release synchronously while sustained-releasing. This complies with the organic whole concept of compound compatibility of TCMCR. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3598. Bioactive polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine herbs as anticancer adjuvants SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 32 By Chang Raymond From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (2002), 8(5), 559-65, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE PURPOSE OF STUDY: To review the nature, extent, bioactivities, and clinical application of polysaccharides in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) especially as adjuvants in cancer treatment. METHODOLOGY: Literature review. FINDINGS: Many fungal- and plant-derived bioactive polysaccharides with a broad range of immunomodulatory activities are found in TCM. Some such polysaccharides have been developed into drugs and show clinical efficacy in controlled trials while the majority of such compounds remain as nutraceuticals with only preliminary research. Such polysaccharides are generally nontoxic and possess other bioactivities such as inducing differentiation, stimulating hematopoiesis, antimetastasis, and antiangiogenesis, which make them ideal adjuvants in modern cancer therapy. CONCLUSION: Bioactive polysaccharides occur extensively in TCM herbs and are the basis of potentially useful application of TCM as an adjuvant in cancer therapies. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3599. Protective effects of trilinolein extracted from panax notoginseng against cardiovascular disease By Chan Paul; Thomas G Neil; Tomlinson Brian From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2002), 23(12), 1157-62, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Trilinolein is a triacylglycerol purified from a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine Panax notoginseng. Trilinolein has been reported to provide a number of beneficial effects including reducing thrombogenicity and arrhythmias and increasing erythrocyte deformability. Additionally, trilinolein has been reported to be an antioxidant, which can counteract free radical damage associated with atherogenesis, and myocardial damage seen with ischaemia and reperfusion. These pharmacologic effects may explain the perceived benefits derived from treating circulatory disorders with the herb over the centuries. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3600. Pharmacological actions of tetrandrine in inflammatory pulmonary diseases By Xie Qiang-Min; Tang Hui-Fang; Chen Ji-Qiang; Bian Ru-Lian From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2002), 23(12), 1107-13, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Tetrandrine is a principle from a traditional Chinese medicine of the root of Stephania tetrandra S Moore approved by State Drugs Administration of China as a new drug for the treatment of silicosis. Except for its antiinflammatory, antifibrogenetic, immunomodulating effects and antioxidant effects, tetrandrine presents antiallergic effects, inhibitory effects on pulmonary vessels and airway smooth muscle contraction, and platelet aggregation via its nonspecific calcium channel antagonism that suggested its potential in the treatment of asthma, pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In general, the clinical results to date with tetrandrine in asthma and pulmonary hypertension have been exciting. The last 10 years have witnessed great leaps forward in our understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry of chronic inflammatory diseases as well as the treatment drugs, which may create opportunities for future therapeutic innovation, development of tetrandrine derivatives or new extracts from other Chinese medicine. The current article briefly reviews the basic and clinical pharmacology of tetrandrine as well as the in vitro and in vivo data supporting the view that tetrandrine is as a novel drug for the treatment of silicosis, asthma and pulmonary hypertension. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3601. Cardiovascular pharmacological effects of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives By Qian Jia-Qing From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2002), 23(12), 1086-92, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 33 Tetrandrine, dauricine, daurisoline and neferine are bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives isolated from Chinese traditional medicine and herbs. The cardiovascular pharmacological effects and the mechanism of actions of these compounds were reviewed. Tetrandrine isolated from Stephania tetrandra S Moore possesses antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects. The antihypertensive effects of tetrandrine have been demonstrated in experimental hypertensive animals and in hypertensive patients. Recent studies showed that in addition to its calcium antagonistic effect, tetrandrine interacted with M receptors. Modulation by M receptor is one of the pharmacological mechanisms of cardiovascular effects of tetrandrine. Dauricine and daurisoloine were isolated from Menispermum dauricum DC. The antiarrhythmic effects of dauricine have been verified in different experimental arrhythmic models and in cardiac arrhythmic patients. Dauricine blocked the cardiac transmembrane Na+,K+ and Ca2+ ion currents. Differing from quinidine and sotalol, which exhibited reverse use-dependent effect, dauricine prolonged APD in a normal usedependent manner in experimental studies. The antiarrhythmic effect of daurisoline and neferine which is an alkaloid isolated from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, and their mechanisms of actions have also been studied. The antiarrhythmic effect of daurisoline is more potent than that of dauricine. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3602. The role of alternative medicine in treating postnatal depression By Mantle Fiona From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (2002), 8(4), 197-203, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Postnatal depression is a serious and debilitating condition. Due to the perceived stigma of mental illness, the incidence of it is underreported and many mothers refuse psychiatric help either assuming postnatal depression to be normal or because of the potential consequences of having a psychiatric history. Community practitioners who are in contact with new mothers may welcome additional interventions which can enhance the supportive care they give to these women. This article discusses the evidence for a number of these interventions which mothers may find more acceptable than orthodox treatment. The aim of this article is to highlight the possible role of a number of complementary and alternative medicines as adjuncts or alternative treatments for postnatal depression. The interventions discussed in this article include Ayurvedic medicine, herbalism, homeopathy, aromatherapy, massage, hypnosis and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the exception of TCM and Ayurvedic medicine, these interventions have been supported by the House of Lord's Select Committee on Science and Technology (2000) as having an evidence base. Ayurvedic medicine and TCM have been included in this article however, because a number of clients may be using them as their main system of health care--thereby validating the need for information regarding their efficacy. This article is not exhaustive, nor a licence to practice, but is intended as a resource for practitioners with a sound understanding of postnatal depression and conventional treatments whose clients may reject these approaches and be looking for alternative interventions. The final choice of treatment should be the result of discussion between the health visitor and the client and will depend on considerations such as availability, cost and acceptability of the intervention--this article does not, therefore, suggest a 'best option' approach. In addition, it does not address the professional and legal responsibilities of practitioners since these have been well reviewed by Darley (1995), Mantle (1997), Knape (1998) and Rankin-Box (2001). ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3603. Culture and complementary therapies By Engebretson Joan From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (2002), 8(4), 177-84, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Complementary therapies are becoming increasingly popular in cultures dominated by biomedicine. Modalities are often extracted from various healing systems and cultural contexts and integrated into health care, expanding the focus from treatment of disease to the promotion of health. The cultural aspects of biomedicine are presented and compared and contrasted with other healing systems. Three healing systems; traditional Chinese medicine, Yoga, with roots in Ayurvedic medicine and Shamanic healing illustrate these fundamental differences in approaches to healing. A reverse example of isolating one healing intervention from biomedicine and interpreting it through other cultural lenses is presented. Implications are drawn for practice and research. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3604. Regulation of complementary medicine practitioners in Australia: Chinese medicine as a case example SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 34 By Carlton A L; Bensoussan A From Complementary therapies in medicine (2002), 10(1), 20-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) forms a significant part of the health economy. CAM practices are under increased scrutiny from consumers, clinicians, scientists and regulators. Australian authorities have explored a range of regulatory approaches. This paper outlines initiatives to regulate the practice of CAM in Australia and examines relevant issues with a particular focus on the registration of Chinese medicine practitioners in the State of Victoria. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3605. Regulation of complementary/alternative medicine: a Canadian perspective By Boon H From Complementary therapies in medicine (2002), 10(1), 14-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Increased use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) therapies by Canadians combined with increasingly forceful lobbying from both practitioner groups and the public have made the regulation of CAM practitioners an important issue for Canadian policy makers. A variety of challenges (including regulatory structures that are difficult to change, fear of adding costs to an already under-funded healthcare system and the lack of internal cohesion of some CAM practitioner groups) are currently hindering attempts to implement new policy. However, an environment of health regulation review and renewal as well as public support for regulation may have created a window of opportunity for investigating policy options. Currently in Canada, health care providers are regulated by individual provinces. This means that although some CAM practitioners are either regulated (e.g. chiropractors) or not regulated (e.g. herbalists, homeopaths) in all provinces; others (e.g. naturopathic practitioners, acupuncture/TCM practitioners) are regulated in some provinces, but not others. Harmonization of regulations and scopes of practice for CAM practitioners across Canada is one of the biggest future challenges. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3606. Complementary and alternative medicine for menopausal symptoms: a review of randomized, controlled trials By Kronenberg Fredi; Fugh-Berman Adriane From Annals of internal medicine (2002), 137(10), 805-13, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Women commonly use soy products, herbs, and other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for menopausal symptoms. Randomized, controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy and short-term safety of these therapies. PURPOSE: To review randomized, controlled trials of CAM therapies for menopausal symptoms in order to better inform practice and guide future research. DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE for articles published from January 1966 through March 2002, of the Alternative and Complementary Database (AMED) of the British Library for articles published from January 1985 through December 2000, and of the authors' own extensive files. Search terms were hot flash/flush, menopause, and climacteric, combined with phytoestrogens, alternative medicine, herbal medicine, traditional medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM ), Ayurveda, naturopathy, chiropractic, osteopathy, massage, yoga, relaxation therapy, homeopathy, aromatherapy, and therapeutic touch. STUDY SELECTION: 29 randomized, controlled clinical trials of CAM therapies for hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms were identified; of these, 12 dealt with soy or soy extracts, 10 with herbs, and 7 with other CAM therapies. DATA EXTRACTION: Each author extracted information from half of the studies on the number of patients, study design, outcome measures, and results; the other author then checked these results. DATA SYNTHESIS: Soy seems to have modest benefit for hot flashes, but studies are not conclusive. Isoflavone preparations seem to be less effective than soy foods. Black cohosh may be effective for menopausal symptoms, especially hot flashes, but the lack of adequate long-term safety data (mainly on estrogenic stimulation of the breast or endometrium) precludes recommending long-term use. Single clinical trials have found that dong quai, evening primrose oil, a Chinese herb mixture, vitamin E, and acupuncture do not affect hot flashes; two trials have shown that red clover has no benefit for treating hot flashes. CONCLUSIONS: Black cohosh and foods that contain phytoestrogens show promise for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Clinical trials do not support the use of other herbs or CAM therapies. Long-term safety data on individual isoflavones or isoflavone concentrates are not available. ~22 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 35 3607. Myopia: attempts to arrest progression By Saw S M; Gazzard G; Au Eong K-G; Tan D T H From The British journal of ophthalmology (2002), 86(11), 1306-11, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of several interventions to decrease the progression of myopia. These include devices that alter the perception of the visual environment and pharmacological treatments. There is no conclusive evidence thus far that alteration of the pattern of spectacle wear, bifocals, ocular hypotensives, or contact lenses retards the progression of myopia. Several randomised clinical trials have demonstrated that the rate of progression of myopia is lower in children given atropine eye drops than those given placebo. However, atropine is associated with short term side effects such as photophobia and possible long term adverse events including light induced retinal damage and cataract formation. Other more selective antimuscarinic agents such as pirenzipine are presently being evaluated. Further well conducted randomised clinical trials with large sample sizes and adequate follow up designed to evaluate treatments to retard the progression of myopia should be conducted, since the identification of an effective intervention may have a greater public health impact on the burden and morbidity from myopia than the few treatments currently available. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3608. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine and anaesthesia By Kam P C A; Liew S From Anaesthesia (2002), 57(11), 1083-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE An increasing number of people in the western world are using traditional Chinese herbal medicines. There are concerns that these Chinese medicines may contain potentially toxic ingredients and contaminants such as heavy metals. Undeclared conventional western drugs such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antihistamine drugs, steroids and oral hypoglycaemic agents are frequently added to Chinese herbal medicines. The constituents of the herbal products can cause adverse effects. The anaesthetist should be aware of the potential adverse effects of the herbal products, their contaminants and also of undeclared additives. The potential for drug interactions, coagulopathy and organ dysfunction caused by traditional Chinese herbal medicines has important anaesthetic implications. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3609. Progress of intervention of renal interstitial fibrosis with Chinese traditional herbal medicine By Wei Lian-Bo; Ma Zhi-Gang; Ye Ren-Gao; Chen Bao-Tian; Zhan Sheng-Cai; Huang Huang From Di 1 jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the first medical college of PLA (2002), 22(10), 946-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This article reviews the current status of progress in the research of renal interstitial fibrosis therapy using traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which exerts its therapeutic effect through inhibiting cytokine expression and fibroblast proliferation, inducing apoptosis of the renal myofibroblasts and other mechanisms. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3610. A body-mind-spirit model in health: an Eastern approach By Chan C; Ho P S; Chow E From Social work in health care (2001), 34(3-4), 261-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 36 Under the division of labor of Western medicine, the medical physician treats the body of patients, the social worker attends to their emotions and social relations, while the pastoral counselor provides spiritual guidance. Body, mind, cognition, emotion and spirituality are seen as discrete entities. In striking contrast, Eastern philosophies of Buddhism, Taoism and traditional Chinese medicine adopt a holistic conceptualization of an individual and his or her environment. In this view, health is perceived as a harmonious equilibrium that exists between the interplay of 'yin' and 'yang': the five internal elements (metal, wood, water, fire and earth), the six environmental conditions (dry, wet, hot, cold, wind and flame), other external sources of harm (physical injury, insect bites, poison, overeat and overwork), and the seven emotions (joy, sorrow, anger, worry, panic, anxiety and fear). The authors have adopted a body-mind-spirit integrated model of intervention to promote the health of their Chinese clients. Indeed, research results on these body-mind-spirit groups for cancer patients, bereaved wives and divorced women have shown very positive intervention outcomes. There are significant improvements in their physical health, mental health, sense of control and social support. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3611. What's in a name? A systematic review of the nomenclature of Chinese medical formulae By Park Jongbae; Park Hi-Joon; Lee Hye-Jung; Emst Edzard From The American journal of Chinese medicine (2002), 30(2-3), 419-27, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been modified to some extent in other Far Eastern countries such as Korea and Japan. Researchers of each of the three countries seem to use different English names for the same Chinese medicinal formulae. Lack of knowledge of the Chinese characters is destined to increase this confusion. In order to investigate this matter systematically, all investigations of Chinese medicine formulae published in the American Journal of Chinese Medicine (AJCM, 1997-March 2001) were evaluated. Moreover, PubMed (1966-June 2001) was searched using keywords differentiated by language, location and number of hyphens, and upper-or lower-case of the first letter of the English equivalent of each Chinese character. Fifty-four formulae of TCM were identified in 45 reports published in AJCM. Thirty-two were named in Chinese only (23 reports); six in Japanese (six reports); and five in Korean (five reports). Ten formulae were named in Japanese with the Chinese name in brackets (ten reports); and one in Chinese with the Japanese name in brackets (one report). By computerized literature search, different numbers of research papers were retrieved by using keywords differentiated by language, location and number of hyphens. Such confusion may prevent progress in the evaluation of TCM. To increase the efficiency of studies on Chinese medical formulae, standardization of terminology is required. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3612. Stroke therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): prospects for drug discovery and development By Gong X; Sucher N J From Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (2002), 9(5), 478-84, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Brain injuries resulting from stroke are a major and increasing public health problem in both developed and developing countries worldwide. China's extensive experience in the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in stroke therapy indicates that TCM preparations are effective, with few or no side-effects. There are more than 100 traditional medicines in use for stroke therapy in China. Some of their therapeutic effects in stroke have been confirmed by recent clinical studies. A large number of compounds have been isolated from TCMs and most of these resources have not yet been characterized for pharmacological purposes. Here, this article explains how TCM provides an extensive and knowledge-rich foundation for implementing a strategically focused pharmacological research program aimed at the development of new drugs. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3613. Chinese herbal medicines By Ergil Kevin V; Kramer Elizabeth J; Ng Anthony T From The Western journal of medicine (2002), 176(4), 275-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 37 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3614. Application of X-ray diffraction to the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine By Wang G; Tian J; Lin R From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (1999), 24(7), 387-9, 416, 445, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVE: To approach the application of powder Xray diffraction in analysis of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). METHOD: Studying the references published in recent years and making a summary on the subject of application of Xray in the pharmaceutical analysis of TCM. RESULT: This method is effective in identifying and analyzing TCM. CONCLUSION: This technique may have broad prospects for pharmaceutical analysis. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3615. Acupuncture for cancer patients: why not? By Samuels Noah From Harefuah (2002), 141(7), 608-10, 666, Language: Hebrew, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture is a complementary medical treatment whose use in cancer patients has been recommended by the American Cancer Society (ACS) for the treatment of cancer and treatment-related symptoms. Pain, nausea, breathlessness, vasomotor symptoms and limb edema have all been found to respond to this treatment modality. Accordingly to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), acupuncture "disperses" the stagnation of energy which is thought to cause the tumor to form. As such, many acupuncturists are unwilling to treat cancer patients for fear of "dispersing" the tumor, as well as further compromising patients' immunity with this immunosuppressive treatment modality. Though it is true that care should be taken not to insert acupuncture needles in the vicinity of the tumor, there is no reason to fear "dispersal" of the tumor when using distant points, since this concept is one of TCM and not conventional medicine. In addition, the immunomodulatory effects of acupuncture, both via the release of pituitary beta-endorphin and ACTH, as well as alleviating patient stress through relief of symptoms, are anti-carcinogenic. The medical establishment in Israel should consider recommending acupuncture for cancer patients. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3616. Acupuncture: a physician's primer, Part I By Altshuler Laurence H; Maher James H From The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association (2002), 95(8), 527-33, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture is one of the alternative therapies that is quickly gaining popularity and acceptance among both patients and doctors. The NIH has supported its use for many conditions, alone or as adjunctive therapy to conventional methods. Research has now demonstrated several physiological mechanisms to explain acupuncture's benefits. However, there are many different schools of acupuncture, and methodology and techniques vary widely, all contributing to the success or failure of acupuncture treatment. With proper use, acupuncture can be an effective treatment for a variety of medical conditions, but used incorrectly, it can be a waste of time and resources. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3617. Chinese medicine for pregnancy and childbirth By Wilkowski R From Midwifery today with international midwife (2001), (58), 39-41, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 38 3618. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of RA By Casimiro L; Brosseau L; Milne S; Robinson V; Wells G; Tugwell P From Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (2002), (3), CD003788, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has been used by rehabilitation specialists as an adjunct therapy for the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine where thin needles are inserted in specific documented points believed to represent concentration of body energies. In some cases a small electrical impulse is added to the needles. Once the needles are inserted in some of the appropriate points, endorphins, morphine-like substances, have been shown to be released in the patient's system, thus inducing local or generalised analgesia. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of acupuncture or electroacupuncture on the objective and subjective measures of disease activity in patients with RA. SEARCH STRATEGY: A comprehensive search was done up to September 2001 with MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, Current Contents, Sports Discus and CINAHL. The Cochrane Field of Rehabilitation and Related Therapies and the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group were also contacted for a search of their specialized registers. Handsearching was conducted on all retrieved papers and content experts were contacted to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Comparative controlled studies, such as randomized controlled trials and control clinical trials in patients with RA were eligible. No language restrictions were applied. Abstracts were accepted. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent reviewers identified potential articles from the literature search. These reviewers extracted data using pre-defined extraction forms. Consensus was reached on all the extracted data. Quality was assessed by two reviewers using a five (5) point validated tool that measured the quality of randomization, double-blinding and description of withdrawals. MAIN RESULTS: Two studies (n=84) met the inclusion criteria. One used acupuncture (~~David 1999~~) while the other used electroacupuncture (~~Man 1974~~). In the first study using acupuncture, no significant difference was found between groups for to erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), the visual analogue scale for pain (VAS P), the visual analogue scale for patient's global assessment (VAS G), the number of swollen joints, the number of tender joints, to the general health questionnaire (GHQ), the score on the modified disease activity scale (DAS) or in the decrease in analgesic intake. In the second study, using electroacupuncture, a significant decrease in knee pain was reported in the experimental group, 24 hours post treatment, when compared to the placebo group (weighted mean difference of -2.0 with 95% CI -3.6,-4.0). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Although the results of the ~~Man 1974~~ study show that electroacupuncture may be beneficial to reduce symptomatic knee pain in patients with RA 24 hours post treatment, the reviewers concluded that the poor quality of the trial, including the small sample size proclude its recommendation. The reviewers further conclude that acupuncture has no effect on ESR, CRP, pain, patient's global assessment, number of swollen joints, number of tender joints, general health, disease activity and reduction of analgesics. These conclusions are limited by methodological considerations such as the type of acupuncture (acupuncture vs electroacupuncture), the site of intervention, the low number of clinical trials and the small sample size of the included studies. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3619. Natural and hemisynthetic neoclerodane diterpenoids from scutellaria and their antifeedant activity By Bruno Maurizio; Piozzi Franco; Rosselli Sergio From Natural product reports (2002), 19(3), 357-78, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The genus Scutellaria (Labiatae) is a very rich source of neoclerodane diterpenoids, with interesting structural features. These secondary metabolites show several biological properties, the most important being the antifeedant activity against pest insects. The present review reports on natural and hemisynthetic diterpenoids and their antifeedant activity. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3620. Advances in TCM symptomatology of rheumatoid arthritis By Li Shao From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2002), 22(2), 137-42, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 39 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3621. Acupuncture as complementary therapy for back pain By Smith-Fassler M E; Lopez-Bushnell K From Holistic nursing practice (2001), 15(3), 35-44, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Back pain affects more than 9 million people in the United States and accounts for 25% of disability in all work-related injuries. It has a lifetime prevalence of 60%-90% and it costs more than $50 billion annually to manage back pain. The incidence of back pain in nurses is over 80% and accounts for more than 150 million working days per year being lost. Western treatment of back pain is controversial and often ineffective. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is practiced widely in the United States. Research has demonstrated that acupuncture may benefit those who suffer from back pain when they have failed to respond to previous treatment by drugs, bed rest, epidural injection, physiotherapy, osteopathy, chiropractics, and surgery. Acupuncture is a powerful and complementary therapy for back pain. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3622. Odontogenic myxomas in the Hong Kong Chinese: clinico-radiological presentation and systematic review By MacDonald-Jankowski D S; Yeung R; Lee K M; Li T K L From Dento maxillo facial radiology (2002), 31(2), 71-83, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and radiological presentation on plain films of central odontogenic myxomas (OM) in the Hong Kong Chinese and compare them to other reported series by a systematic review (SR). METHODS: The study had two elements, that of a complete series of all OMs presenting at a major Chinese maxillofacial surgical unit and a SR. The files of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Hong Kong between 1989 and 2000 were reviewed for OM cases. The relevant literature was identified by electronic databases, review of citation lists and handsearching of key journals. The principal selection criterion was that the study should represent a complete collection of cases. RESULTS: The SR revealed that only a quarter of the reports provided any quantitative radiological details. Just under half of the included reports provided the relative period prevalence of OMs compared to other odontogenic tumours, but these reports almost completely excluded consideration not only of the radiology but also specific clinical details. Furthermore, they did not report of recurrence data, an important feature of the OM. Most of the most recent reports were concerned with relative period prevalence. The relative period prevalence and 'number of OMs per hospital per year' of studies separated by two or more decades in Hong Kong and Nigeria indicate an increase in the number of lesions diagnosed as OMs. The 10 Hong Kong cases were broadly consistent with the predilections for females and the mandible of other reports. The mean age at first presentation in the present report is 36.9, older than the other reports. Most lesions are large, affecting both posterior and anterior quadrants. They appear to be larger than those in many other reports. Two of the OMs are accompanied by histories of recent rapid growth. Tooth displacement and root resorption are more frequently observed in OMs in the present study. Although all OMs in the present study are still being followed up after surgery, none have recurred. CONCLUSION: Although the presentation of larger lesions in the older Chinese could in part be explained by attitudes rooted in traditional medicine in spite of the widespread availability of modern medical care in Hong Kong, there is a history of recent rapid growth in at least two cases. An emphasis by recent reports on the OMs' relative period prevalence of concurrent odontogenic lesions, has omitted recording the radiology and the specific clinical details usually required for diagnosis., ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3623. A survey of researches on synergy and toxicity abatement of traditional Chinese medicine in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma By Liu C; Liu L; Li P From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2001), 21(4), 303-11, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 40 3624. Recent advances in antineoplastic principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine By Tang W From Die Pharmazie (2002), 57(4), 223-32, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3625. Hepatitis associated with Chinese herbs By McRae C A; Agarwal K; Mutimer D; Bassendine M F From European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology (2002), 14(5), 559-62, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese herbal medicines are widely available in Western society and are popular as a form of 'natural' alternative medicine. Their use is increasing, as they are perceived to be free of side effects, but they remain largely unregulated. We describe two patients who suffered severe hepatitis, one of whom died, after taking Chinese herbal remedies for minor complaints. We also review the English-language literature on hepatitis associated with Chinese herbs. Two products appear to be implicated frequently: Jin bu huan was taken by 11 patients, and Dictamnus dasycarpus was taken by six patients, including both fatal cases. It is difficult to provide conclusive evidence of what caused hepatitis, as these products are mixtures that may contain adulterants. These cases highlight not only the potential dangers of these products to consumers but also the need for greater control of their manufacture and use. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3626. Advances in experimental studies on treatment of psoriasis by traditional Chinese medicine By Zhang Hongru; Qu Xing From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2002), 22(1), 61-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated its strength in treating psoriasis, which is characterized by a variety of methods of treatment, flexible use of drugs, high efficacy, low recurrence, and few side-effects. Experimental studies on the mechanism governing the TCM treatment of psoriasis have been conducted at the cellular level and the molecular level. The studies on proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and the inhibitory effect against them, apoptosis, intercellular adhesion molecules, cytokine, and haemorheology indicate that the laboratory studies on the treatment of psoriasis have now entered a very high stage since the eighties. The studies on relationship between typing of psoriasis based on TCM differentiation of symptoms and signs and changes in some laboratory indexes have been carried out by some researchers to explore the inherent pathological changes in typing of psoriasis based on TCM differentiation of symptoms and signs and to provide scientific basis for the differentiation and typing under a unified standard. However, the present studies lack depth and scope in the methods. In future, the laboratory studies should be enhanced to go further into the principles governing the TCM treatment of psoriasis and to seek new drugs that will be even more effective for psoriasis and can bring its relapse under control. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3627. Structural chemistry and biological activities of natural products from Chinese herbal medicines--part II By Yu D Q; Chen Y; Liang X T From Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology (2000), 108(5-6), 393-436, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 41 3628. Eastern and Western paradigms: the holistic nature of traditional Chinese medicine By Griffiths V From The Australian journal of holistic nursing (1999), 6(2), 35-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This paper discusses the practice of holism based upon differing Eastern and Western worldview belief systems. The practice of authentic holistic healing and caring is, according to the author, highly dependent upon which paradigm(s) the nurse lives within, given the constraints of modern Western science and its linear thinking, theoretical laws and objectivity towards the practice of healing and health care. From a Traditional Chinese Medicine perspective, healing and health are based upon circular thinking, observation, subjectivity and feeling, which reflects a differing holistic approach to human beings. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3629. Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines By Ernst Edzard From Trends in pharmacological sciences (2002), 23(3), 136-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Asian herbal medicines are currently used by large sections of the population. Because they are not regulated as medicines and are freely available to everyone, serious safety concerns might be associated with these herbal medicines. In this article, evidence suggesting that some Asian herbal medicines contain toxic heavy metals or undeclared prescription drugs is reviewed. In particular, Indian and Chinese preparations have been implicated. Although adulteration with drugs is by definition fraudulent, the inclusion of heavy metals could be either intentional for alleged medicinal purposes or accidental. Evidence from various countries implies that toxic heavy metals and undeclared prescription drugs in Asian herbal medicines might constitute a serious health problem. However, the majority of the data is anecdotal and insufficient to define prevalence figures. Ways ought to be found to maximize consumer safety. ~16 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3630. Moxibustion for breech presentation By Budd S From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (2000), 6(4), 176-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Breech presentation at term is considered a possible obstetric complication, and the management before and during labour remains controversial. A technique called 'moxibustion' is used in traditional Chinese medicine to encourage version of the fetus in breech presentation. It has been used in the maternity unit in Plymouth for 11 years. The results would seem to suggest it may have a positive effect and play a part in reducing the number of breech presentations at term and therefore also a reduction in the number of caesarean sections which are so often advocated in breech presentation. This article describes the technique in greater detail and discusses the potential for the future. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3631. Is there a place for auricular therapy in the realm of nursing? By Suen L K; Wong T K; Leung A W From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (2001), 7(3), 132-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 42 Several theories, such as the 'homuncular reflex theory' 'delta reflex theory', and 'meridian theory' point to the fact that the ear is related to all parts of the human body and internal organs. Being one of the approaches in traditional Chinese medicine, auricular therapy is a therapeutic method by which specific points on the auricle are punctured or pressed. Auricular therapy can activate meridians and collaterals, regulate the Qi and blood, help to achieve the balance between Yin and Yang status of internal organs, and is therefore suitable for treating many disorders of the body. Successful examples of previous studies using this therapy including insomnia, weight reduction, hypertension, treatment of addiction, and pain reduction. However, inconsistency in the treatment protocol among studies, or the use of combined therapies, makes it impossible to draw a strong causal relationship between this therapy and the treatment effect. More appropriate clinical trials are therefore necessary to understand in depth the therapeutic effect of auricular therapy. Ideally, these trials can take place in the context of nursing practice so as to explore the application of this therapy in the realm of nursing, and to enable nurses to make a more effective contribution to primary health care. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3632. An analysis of 10218 ulcerative colitis cases in China By Jiang Xue-Liang; Cui Hui-Fei From World journal of gastroenterology : WJG (2002), 8(1), 158-61, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE AIM: To analyze the characteristics of ulcerative colitis(UC) in China. METHODS: From 1981 to 2000, a total of 10218 patients of UC reported in Chinese medical literature and including our cases diagnosed were analyzed according to the diagnostic criteria of Lennard-Jones. RESULTS: The number of cases increased by 3.08 times over the past 10 years (2506 patients were diagnosed from 1981 to 1990 while 7512 patients were diagnosed from 1991 to 2000). Lesion range were described in 7966 patients, 5592 (70.20%) were proctosigmoiditis or proctitis, 1792(22.50%) left-sided colitis, 582(7.30%) pancolitis. Among the 8122 patients, 2826 (34.8%) had first episode, 4272 (52.6%) had chronic relapse, 869 (10.7%) were of chronic persist type, 154 (1.9%) were of acute fulminant type. The course of the illness were described in 5867 patients, 4427(75.5%) were less than 5 years, 910 (15.5%) between 5 and 10 years,530 (9.1%) more than 10 years. Six hundred and sixteen patients 618 patients(6.1%) had extraintestinal manifestations. The mean age at the diagnosis was 40.7 years( range 6-80 years, and the peak ages 30-49 years). The male to female ratio was 1.09. Among 270 patients diagnosed in our hospital,36 had histories of smoking, there was no negative association between the severity of UC and smoking(P>0.05), 21 smokers were followed up for one year, 15 of them had given up smoking when the disease were diagnosed, and one year later, 7 patients relapsed, another 6 patients continued smoking, and one year later,2 patients relapsed. Among 270 UC patients diagnosed in our hospital, 4 patients(1.48%) from 2 families had familial history of UC. Treatment was mentioned in 6859 patients, only 5-ASA and/or corticosteroid only in 1276 patients(18.6%), only Chinese herbs in 1377 patients(20.1%), combined Chinese and western medicine in 4056 patients(59.1%), surgery was performed in 87 patients(1.3%),other treatments in 63 patients(0.9%). CONCLUSIONS: In China, number of UC patients increased significantly in the past 10 years. Lesions are commonly located to left side colon. The course is short with rare extraintestinal manifestations. The age of onset is relatively high. Males and females are nearly equally affected. No negative relation was found between smoking and severity of the disease. Familial relatives are rarely involved Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is widely used in the treatment of UC. ~7 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3633. Analytical approaches for traditional chinese medicines exhibiting antineoplastic activity By Tsai T H From Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications (2001), 764(1-2), 27-48, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 43 Traditional Chinese medicines have attracted great interest in recent researchers as alternative antineoplastic therapies. This review focuses on analytical approaches to various aspects of the antineoplastic ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines. Emphasis will be put on the processes of biological sample extraction, separation, clean-up steps and the detection. The problems of the extraction solvent selection and different types of column chromatography are also discussed. The instruments considered are gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) connected with various detectors (ultraviolet, fluorescence, electrochemistry, mass, etc.). In addition, determinations of antineoplastic herbal ingredients, including camptothecin, taxol (paclitaxel), vinblastine. vincristine, podophyllotoxin, colchicine, and their related compounds, such as irinotecan, SN-38, topotecan, 9-aminocamptothecin, docetaxel (taxotere) and etoposide, are briefly summarized. These drugs are structurally based on the herbal ingredients, and some of them are in trials for clinical use. Evaluation of potential antineoplastic herbal ingredients, such as harringtonine, berberine, emodin, genistein, berbamine, daphnoretin, and irisquinone, are currently investigated in laboratories. Other folk medicines are excluded from this paper because their antineoplastic ingredients are unknown. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3634. Summarization of studies on Chinese marine medicinal animal Syngnthus acus By Li C; Zou G; Bian H; Ju X From Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials (2001), 24(9), 686-8, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE Syngnthus acus L. is a kind of very important traditional Chinese-medicine from sea. It has plentiful amino acid, protein, trace element, poly-carbon non-saturation fat acid, etc. Syngnthus acus has sexual-hormones-like, anti-cancer and resisting fatigue effects; It can resist fatigue. It can also improve organism immunity and enhance the systolic strength of heart muscle. It can be widely used in many fields such as food field, medical field and aquatic products industry. Its classification, resources, chemical composition and its medical value have been summarized in this article. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3635. Traditional Chinese medicine By Nestler Gary From The Medical clinics of North America (2002), 86(1), 63-73, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE According to an article by Wald in the November 2000 issue of Strategic Healthcare Marketing, through physician education, integrated medicine shall continue to be adopted by conventional medical establishments in the United States. With many leading medical schools now adding courses on alternative medicine and hospital administrators recognizing this growing trend, responding to the patients' needs and demands remains paramount. According to a study of 3200 physicians conducted by Health Products Research, physicians expect to offer and embrace therapeutic alternatives outside of the traditional pharmaceutical realm. Greater than 50% will begin or increase using alternative medicine in the next 12 months. Physicians also believe that patient acceptance is greater for alternative therapies, resulting in therapeutic compliance. Most physicians continue to be skeptical about certain treatments, citing a lack of clinical information. With these factors understood, more clinical research to be completed in a teaching hospital environment becomes paramount. ~5 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3636. Progress of study of experimental diabetes and its chronic complications treated by traditional Chinese medicine By He Z; Nan H; Nan Z From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2000), 20(8), 6346, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 44 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3637. Progress in the study of the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on apoptosis By Wang C; Huang X; Qi M From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2000), 20(9), 7124, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3638. Can liver tolerate chinese medicinal herbs? By Enkovaara A L From Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja (2000), 116(4), 344-8, Language: Finnish, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3639. Endothelin and study of Chinese traditional medicine By Jiang W; Su Y; Zhang W From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1999), 19(6), 3769, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3640. Treatment of post-operational restenosis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with traditional Chinese medicine By Zhang Y; Xia X; Su J From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1999), 19(11), 7013, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3641. Current status and prospects of experimental study of psychological stress in traditional Chinese medicine By Yan C; Wang J; Deng Z From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2000), 20(1), 73-4, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 45 3642. Current status of researches on essence of typing of hypertension based on syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine By Yan D; Jiang W; Chen X From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2000), 20(1), 70-2, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3643. Vascular endothelial cell injury and blood-stasis syndrome By Li X; Jiang P From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (2000), 20(2), 1546, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3644. Herbal treatment of insomnia By Wing Y K From Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine (2001), 7(4), 392-402, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Insomnia is a common problem requiring appropriate recognition and management. Despite recent advances in the development of newer hypnotics in western medicine, a significant proportion of patients with insomnia, both locally and internationally, consume herbal hypnotics regularly. The safety and efficacy of these herbal remedies remains uncertain. In this paper, details of different herbs used in western and traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of insomnia are reviewed. Although current data suggests the use of some herbal treatments in insomnia may be efficacious, further laboratory and clinical studies are required. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3645. The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate By Liao S From Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine (2001), 7(4), 369-74, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Unorthodox (non-traditional or alternative) medicinal practices have been expanding very rapidly in western countries. Modern physicians, scientists, and non-traditional medicine practitioners now must join forces to promote evidencebased medicine to benefit patients. Green tea extracts are among the most widely used ancient medicinal agents, while androgens are probably the oldest drugs used in a purified form in traditional Chinese medicine. It is now clear that a specific green tea catechin, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate, can modulate the production and biological actions of androgens and other hormones. Modulation of androgenic activity and administration of (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate may be useful for the treatment of various hormone-related abnormalities, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, baldness, and acne, as well as androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancers. (-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate has also been shown to modulate appetite and control obesity in animals. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3646. Retrospect on the research of the cultivation of Gastrodia elata Bl, a rare traditional Chinese medicine By Xu J; Guo S From Chinese medical journal (2000), 113(8), 686-92, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 46 PURPOSE: To review the research on the cultivation of Gastrodia elata Bl, a rare traditional Chinese medicine. DATA SOURCES: The data come from our previous research and published review articles on G. elata cultivation. STUDY SELECTION: After reviewing the research results on G. elata from 1960 to 1995, we selected the core research on G. elata and a complete cultivation technique of rare traditional Chinese medicine G. elata. DATA EXTRACTION: Some important data were arranged in different tables, and new cultivation methods were reviewed. RESULTS: A. mellea has been found to have inhibiting effects on G. elata seed germination. The seeds are able to sprout only when a nutritional relationship exists between G. elata and a fungus of the same genus as M. osmundicola. The sprouted tubers have to set up a symbiotic relationship with A. mellea during their clone propagation period so as to grow normally. CONCLUSIONS: G. elata has to symbiosize with M. osmundicola and A. mellea so as to complete its life cycle from seed to seed. These findings have revealed the secret of the life cycle of G. elata that has been puzzling biological circles for years. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3647. Establishing evidence for Chinese medicine: a case example of irritable bowel syndrome By Bensoussan A From Zhonghua yi xue za zhi = Chinese medical journal; Free China ed (2001), 64(9), 487-92, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is now used by a broad cross-section of the western community. It offers some attraction because it provides new options for treatment, an individualized approach, and potentially avoidance of harsh drugs or surgery. However, despite this growing popularity there is debate as to its evidence base. Few TCM trials have been performed in the West, and previous Chinese TCM trials have been perceived to lack methodological rigour. Establishing and applying stronger clinical trial methodologies in TCM is imperative for its integration with modern medicine and achieving the end goal of creating options for patient care. A clinical trial was designed using a variety of approaches to promote methodological rigour whilst allowing the flexibility required in TCM practice. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was selected as the disease focus, creating the possibility of tailoring TCM treatments to the variable clinical presentations of IBS. Patients were randomised to receive individually tailored treatment (n = 38), a standard Chinese herbal formulation (n = 43), or placebo (n = 35) for 16 weeks. Patients, gastroenterologists and herbalists were all blinded as to treatment group. Both standard and individualized treatments were significantly more effective than the placebo treatment on all key outcome measures. However, this study failed to confirm the added value of tailoring treatments. Chinese herbal formulations individually tailored to the patient proved no more effective than the standard treatment on all measures. Nevertheless, the trial demonstrates it is possible to test individualization of treatment whilst adhering to conventional trial protocols. Clinical trials can be designed that accommodate nuances of TCM practice. This study also shows Chinese herbal medicine may offer assistance to some patients with IBS and may prove as effective as current pharmaceutical approaches. Further validation of TCM interventions is required. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3648. Chromatographic analysis of Fritillaria isosteroidal alkaloids, the active ingredients of Beimu, the antitussive traditional Chinese medicinal herb By Lin G; Li P; Li S L; Chan S W From Journal of chromatography. A (2001), 935(1-2), 321-38, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Bulbus Fritillariae derived from plants of various Fritillaria species is the most commonly used antitussive traditional Chinese medicinal herb and is called Beimu. Herbs derived from similar and/or different species of Fritillaria are also used in Japan and Turkey as traditional or folk medicines. Isosteroidal alkaloids are the main bioactive ingredients in Fritillaria species. As the contents and structure types of these bioactive alkaloids vary in different Fritillaria species, quality control of these active principles in herbal Beimu is very important to ensure its safe and effective clinical use. This review describes the development of chromatographic analyses for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of the main bioactive Fritillaria isosteroidal alkaloids in herbal and biological samples. The recently developed direct HPLC-evaporative light scattering detection method is the most simple, selective and sensitive assay, and is readily used as a suitable quality control method for the analysis of the active principles of herbal Beimu. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 47 3649. Aphrodisiacs past and present: a historical review By Sandroni P From Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society (2001), 11(5), 303-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The drug Viagra (sildenafil) has drawn public attention to aphrodisiacs. The search for such substances dates back millennia. Aphrodisiacs can be classified by their mode of action into 3 types: those that increase (1) libido, (2) potency, or (3) sexual pleasure. Various substances of animal and plant origin have been used in folk medicines of different cultures; some have been identified pharmacologically, allowing for understanding of their mechanisms of action. For increasing libido, ambrein, a major constituent of Ambra grisea, is used in Arab countries. This tricyclic triterpene alcohol increases the concentration of several anterior pituitary hormones and serum testosterone. Bufo toad skin and glands contain bufotenine (and other bufadienolides), a putative hallucinogenic congener of serotonin. It is the active ingredient in West Indian "love stone" and the Chinese medication chan su. The aphrodisiac properties are likely of central origin, as are the other effects of the drug. For increasing potency, Panax ginseng used in traditional Chinese medicine, works as an antioxidant by enhancing nitric oxide synthesis in the endothelium of many organs, including the corpora cavernosa; ginsenosides also enhance acetylcholine-induced and transmural nerve stimulation-activated relaxation associated with increased tissue cyclic guanosine monophosphate, hence the aphrodisiac properties. For increasing sexual pleasure, cantharidin ("Spanish fly") is a chemical with vesicant properties derived from blister beetles, which have been used for millennia as a sexual stimulant. Its mode of action is by inhibition of phosphodiesterase and protein phosphatase activity and stimulation of beta-receptors, inducing vascular congestion and inflammation. Morbidity from its abuse is significant. The ingestion of live beetles (Palembus dermestoides) in Southeast Asia and triatomids in Mexico may have a basis similar to cantharidin. It is of paramount importance for the physician to be aware of the options available to help his or her patients, and to advise them in using the correct drugs while avoiding "miracle" remedies that could be potentially harmful. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3650. Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic hepatitis B By Liu J P; McIntosh H; Lin H From Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (2001), (1), CD001940, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious health problem worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs have been widely used to treat chronic liver diseases, and many controlled trials have been done to investigate their efficacy. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic hepatitis B infection. SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches were applied to the following electronic databases: the CHBG Trials Register, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field Trials Register, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and BIOSIS. Five Chinese journals and conference proceedings were handsearched. No language restriction was used. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials with at least three months follow-up. Trials of Chinese medicinal herbs (single or compound) compared with placebo, no intervention, general non-specific treatment or interferon treatment were included. Trials of Chinese medicinal herbs plus interferon versus interferon alone were also included. Trials could be double-blind, single-blind or not blinded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The methodological quality of trials was evaluated using the Jadad-scale plus allocation concealment. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed. MAIN RESULTS: Nine randomised trials, including 936 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was considered adequate in only one trial. There was a significant funnel plot asymmetry (regression coefficient=3.37, standard error 1.40, P=0.047). Ten different medicinal herbs were tested in the nine trials. Compared to non-specific treatment or placebo, Fuzheng Jiedu Tang (compound of herbs) showed significantly positive effects on clearance of serum HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA; Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharide on serum HBeAg and HBV DNA; Phyllanthus amarus on serum HBeAg. Phyllanthus compound and kurorinone showed no significant effect on clearance of serum HBeAg and HBV DNA and on alanine aminotransferase normalisation compared to interferon treatment. There were no significant effects of the other examined herbs. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Some Chinese medicinal herbs may work in chronic hepatitis B. However, the evidence is too weak to recommend any single herb. Rigorously designed, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are required. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3651. Heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines: a systematic review By Ernst E; Thompson Coon J From Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (2001), 70(6), 497-504, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 48 ~8 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3652. Current studies on anti-endotoxic chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine in China By Liu Y H; Liu Y F; Guo X X From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2001), 22(12), 1071-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Endotoxin (ET) was found to have wide bioactivities and ET antagonists have become the pop research topic in life science. The chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were the substance basis of its pharmacology. This review demonstrated the study state of about 18 chemical components from TCM, eg, organic acids of Radix Isatidis, anisodamine, matrine, tetramethypyrazine, colchicine, and glycine, etc, which showed antiendotoxin effects through different routes. But now the most of them were limited to the laboratory. In the future, the trends of development should not only enlarge the range of research, but also strengthen the clinical study. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3653. Cardiac toxicity of resibufogenin: electrophysiological evidence By Xie J T; Dey L; Wu J A; Lowell T K; Yuan C S From Acta pharmacologica Sinica (2001), 22(4), 289-97, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Resibufogenin (RBG) is a single compound isolated from Chansu, a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of the toad. Formulations of Chansu have been widely applied in China, Japan, and other Asian countries for a long time and are currently used as alternative medicines. However, there have been several reports about the toxicity of Chansu and its medical formulations in the United States recently. As digitalis, RBG possesses both pharmacologic and toxicologic effects. According to our study results, RBG, one of major ingredient of Chansu, induced delayed afterdepolarization and triggered arrhythmias both in cardiac fiber in vitro and in beating heart in vivo at the high concentrations. The electrophysiologic toxic effects of RBG, the possible mechanism of toxicity, and treatment possibilities are discussed in the present review ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3654. The location of deficiency syndrome of kidney Yang By Shen Z From Chinese medical journal (1999), 112(11), 973-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3655. Hemostasis and thrombosis research in China By Ruan C From Chinese medical journal (1999), 112(10), 883-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE PURPOSE: To highlight the development and achievements of hemostasis and thrombosis research in China over the past 50 years. DATA SOURCES: Both Chinese and English language literature search using MEDLINE (1990-1998), and original articles published in the main Chinese and international journals. STUDY SELECTION: After reviewing all the main articles on thrombosis and hemostasis, 20 of them were selected that specifically addressed the stated purpose. DATE EXTRATION: The content that could present the progress in hemostasis and thrombosis in China was selected. RESULTS: Monoclonal antibodies have widely been used in basic research and laboratory diagnosis. Several novel gene mutations of coagulation factors have been identified. Some drugs of traditional Chinese medicine have proved to be efficient in treatment of thrombotic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Significant achievements in basic, clinical and pharmacological research in the field of hemostasis and thrombosis have been made in China in the past 50 years. Some new discoveries in platelet membrane glycoproteins and coagulation factors research are believed to be contributions to the international scientific community. However, a specific effort using advanced techniques should be made for future development, especially in molecular biology research. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 49 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3656. Application of traditional Chinese medicine in space medical research By Shi H Z From Hang tian yi xue yu yi xue gong cheng = Space medicine & medical engineering (2001), 14(1), 75-8, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE With the development of space medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbs have been widely used in counteracting motion sickness, bone loss, muscle atrophy, and circulation system disorder, improving body's adaptability and protecting the effect of irradiation, hypoxia and noise. This paper summarized the application of basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese herbs, acupoint treatment and Qigong in space medical research. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3657. Natural medicine and nutritional therapy as an alternative treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus By Patavino T; Brady D M From Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic (2001), 6(5), 460-71, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder without a known cure. Conventional medicine typically approaches the disease with a treatment plan that includes the use of corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antimalarial drugs, and chemotherapeutic agents. The results vary and safety is questionable. Conservative treatment methods, such as the use of vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, have been shown to have an impact on the activity of the disease. Alternative medicine treatments, including the use of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Chinese medicines, such as Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF), have gained a growing interest recently and may prove to be viable treatment options in the future. The elimination of possible associated factors, such as food allergens and SLE-symptom eliciting foods like alfalfa seeds, have also been shown to affect disease activity. Conservative alternative medicine approaches have been shown to provide some benefit in SLE studies; however, the evidence is limited, and the overall effectiveness and long-term safety have not been established. More research must be conducted in this area to further establish firm treatment protocols which provide maximum therapeutic benefit and minimum treatment-related side effects. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3658. Triptolide, a novel immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F By Chen B J From Leukemia & lymphoma (2001), 42(3), 253-65, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). TWHF has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than two thousand years. However, its potential value was recognized by the western medicine only after investigators observed the effectiveness of TWHF in the treatment of leprosy and rheumatoid arthritis. Triptolide has been identified as the major component responsible for the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of TWHF. Triptolide inhibits both Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)independent pathways and affects T cell activation through inhibition of interleukin-2 transcription at a site different from the target of cyclosporin A. Triptolide also has inhibitory effects on a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators and on the expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells. Triptolide is effective for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases and in prevention of allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease in both animals and humans. Moreover, triptolide possesses antitumor and male anti-fertility effect. However, the toxicities of triptolide may be associated with renal, cardiac, hematopoietic and reproductive systems. Currently available data suggest that triptolide is a promising immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent and should be explored further in autoimmune diseases and transplantation. ~12 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 50 3659. Dyspeptic pain and phytotherapy--a review of traditional and modern herbal drugs By Saller R; Iten F; Reichling J From Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine (2001), 8(5), 263-73, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE Gastrointestinal complaints rank among the most frequently reasons why people asking for medical advice. About 1530% of the adult patients suffer from different various functional dyspeptic conditions. The therapy of functional gastrointestinal disorders is one of the domains of phytotherapeutic treatments. From ancient times on, bitter herbal drugs played a very important role in the therapy of patients with dyspeptic symptoms. The mechanisms of action of the bitters are not completely understood. But there are indications that they sensorially stimulate at even very small concentrations sensorially the secretion of the stomach as well as the digestive glands and strengthen the smooth musculature of the digestive tract (via the gustatory system, N. vagus and the enteric nervous system). Across the enteral nervous system the strengthened digestive tract seems to stimulate the CNS, leading to a general tonification. At higher dosages bitters probably directly affect the mucous membranes of the stomach and the bowel. Bitters often are combined with essential oils (some volatile oils as aromatic bitters, drug combinations of a volatile oil with a bitter). Essential oils act primarily as spasmolytics, carminatives and local anesthetics. In the last years several controlled studies were carried out with phytotherapeutic combinations (e.g. with Iberis amara, caraway oil, peppermint oil, curcuma extract, ginger extract) in which the herbal drugs proved to be superior compared to placebo and were as effective as prokinetics (studies according to evidence-based medicine). The traditional phytotherapeutic approach is based upon the illness- as well as the patient-related investigations referring to the effectiveness of bitter, acrid- and essential-oil drugs. Such a treatment is supported by a rich amount of various of kinds of individual empirical experience (experience-based phytotherapy). Important traditional medical systems like the Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Ayurvedic Medicine as well as the European 'Humoral Medicine' consider different aspects of the sick human being, like the constitution of the patient (holistic approach), and take qualities of herbal drugs, vegetarian food, and spices into account for therapeutic purposes. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3660. Cardiovascular actions of berberine By Lau C W; Yao X Q; Chen Z Y; Ko W H; Huang Y From Cardiovascular drug reviews (2001), 19(3), 234-44, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Berberine, is an alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Chinese herb Huanglian, and many other plants. It is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as an antimicrobial in the treatment of dysentery and infectious diarrhea. This manuscript describes cardiovascular effects of berberine and its derivatives, tetrahydroberberine and 8-oxoberberine. Berberine has positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, antiarrhythmic, and vasodilator properties. Both derivatives of berberine have antiarrhythmic activity. Some cardiovascular effects of berberine and its derivatives are attributed to the blockade of K+ channels (delayed rectifier and K(ATP)) and stimulation of Na+ -Ca(2+) exchanger. Berberine has been shown to prolong the duration of ventricular action potential. Its vasodilator activity has been attributed to multiple cellular mechanisms. The cardiovascular effects of berberine suggest its possible clinical usefulness in the treatment of arrhythmias and/or heart failure. ~7 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3661. Traditional Chinese medicine By Nestler G; Dovey M From Clinical obstetrics and gynecology (2001), 44(4), 801-13, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3662. Applications of high performance capillary electrophoresis in constituents analysis of Chinese traditional medicine By Wei W; Wang Y M; Luo G A From Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica (1997), 32(6), 476-80, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 51 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3663. Chinese values, health and nursing By Chen Y C From Journal of advanced nursing (2001), 36(2), 270-3, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE PURPOSE: To describe the roots of Chinese values, beliefs and the concept of health, and to illustrate how these ways have influenced the development of health care and nursing among Chinese in the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). Scope. Based on the literature and direct observation in the PRC and ROC, this is an introduction to Chinese philosophies, religion, basic beliefs, and values with a special meaning for health and nursing. Chinese philosophies and religion include Confucian principles, Taoism, theory of "Yin" and "Yang", and Buddhism. Beliefs and values include the way of education, practice of acupuncture, herbal treatments and diet therapy. How people value traditional Chinese medicine in combination with western science, and the future direction of nursing and nursing inquiry are also briefly addressed. CONCLUSION: Chinese philosophies and religions strongly influence the Chinese way of living and thinking about health and health care. Nurses must combine information about culture with clinical assessment of the patient to provide cultural sensitive care. A better way may be to combine both western and Chinese values into the Chinese health care system by negotiating between the traditional values while at the same time, respecting an individual's choice. The foundation of China's philosophical and aesthetic tradition, in combination with western science is important to the future advancement of nursing research that will be beneficial to the Republics, Asia, and the world. ~6 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3664. Between metaphor and certainty: teaching an introductory course in complementary medicine By Ben-Arye E; Frenkel M From Harefuah (2001), 140(9), 855-9, 893, Language: Hebrew, Database: MEDLINE In recent years it has been recognized that it is increasingly important to teach complementary medicine (CAM) in medical schools, residency programs and CME courses. We report our experience in teaching an elective introductory course in CAM to residents and specialists in the department of family medicine in the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine at the Technion, Haifa, Israel. Teaching four modules in CAM (herbal medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, homeopathy and nutritional medicine) during a 16-session course induced a positive change in the students attitude toward CAM and increased their interest in evidence-based CAM. In addition, the students increased their use of CAM for both themselves and their families, decreased their overall tendency to refer patients to CAM practitioners but increased their actual referral rate for patients who were considered to benefit from complementary treatment. The majority of the course participants considered teaching physicians CAM to be of great importance. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3665. Epilepsy in Chinese culture By Lee T M; Yang S H; Ng P K From The American journal of Chinese medicine (2001), 29(1), 181-4, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This article reviewed the meaning and development of epilepsy in Chinese culture. The theories of Yin and Yang and the five elements, fundamentals of traditional Chinese medicine, were introduced, which form the context of understanding of the etiology, classification, and treatment of epilepsy in traditional Chinese medicine. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3666. Efficacy, safety, and use of ginkgo biloba in clinical and preclinical applications By McKenna D J; Jones K; Hughes K From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2001), 7(5), 70-86, 88-90, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 52 Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious tree with a history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Although the seeds are most commonly employed in traditional Chinese medicine, in recent years standardized extracts of the leaves have been widely sold as a phytomedicine in Europe and as a dietary supplement in the United States. The primary active constituents of the leaves include flavonoid glycosides and unique diterpenes known as ginkgolides; the latter are potent inhibitors of platelet activating factor. Clinical studies have shown that ginkgo extracts exhibit therapeutic activity in a variety of disorders including Alzheimer's disease, failing memory, age-related dementias, poor cerebral and ocular blood flow, congestive symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, and the prevention of altitude sickness. Due in part to its potent antioxidant properties and ability to enhance peripheral and cerebral circulation, ginkgo's primary application lies in the treatment of cerebrovascular dysfunctions and peripheral vascular disorders. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3667. Herbs of activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis By Liao F From Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation (2000), 23(2-4), 127-31, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Drugs with the efficacy of modifying rheological properties of blood, blood vessels and their interactions are denoted by "hemorheologicals". Drugs of anti-hyperviscosemia, anti-coagulants, anti-platelet drugs, anti-thrombotics, vasodilators, endothelial cell protectors and anti-arthrosclerosis should be considered as hemorheologicals due to the actions in keeping blood fluidity and in maintaining normal vascular functions. The studies in hemorheology indicate that a tendency of hyperviscosity, hypercoagulation and being prone to thrombosis is prevalent in the elderly. Hemorheologicals are importance for and aging and life-threatening diseases. Blood stasis syndrome is a common pathological syndrome in the elderly. In traditional Chinese medicine, the treatment for the syndrome is by herbs which activates blood circulation to remove blood stasis. The herbs have the efficacy of improving hemorheological events. Therefore, the herbs are the source for developing hemorheologicals. Ligustrazine isolated from Chuangxiong is an example. It showed significant inhibition on shear induced platelet aggregation and on platelet intracellular calcium demonstrated by laser confocal microscope. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3668. Review article: herbal treatment in gastrointestinal and liver disease--benefits and dangers By Langmead L; Rampton D S From Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics (2001), 15(9), 1239-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Herbal medicines are now used by up to 50% of the Western population, in a substantial minority of instances for the treatment or prevention of digestive disorders. Although most indications for the use of such remedies are anecdotally or traditionally derived, controlled trials suggest some benefits for ginger in nausea and vomiting, liquorice extracts in peptic ulceration, Chinese herbal medicine in irritable bowel syndrome, opium derivatives in diarrhoea and senna, ispaghula and sterculia in constipation. Herbal preparations contain many bioactive compounds with potentially deleterious as well as beneficial effects. There is clearly a need for greater education of patients and doctors about herbal therapy, for legislation to control the quality of herbal preparations, and in particular for further randomized controlled trials to establish the value and safety of such preparations in digestive and other disorders. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3669. Integration of Chinese medicine into supportive cancer care: a modern role for an ancient tradition By Wong R; Sagar C M; Sagar S M From Cancer treatment reviews (2001), 27(4), 235-46, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Recent evidence suggests that many traditional Chinese medical therapies are effective for the supportive care of cancer patients. This is a review of some of the published literature (indexed in Medline) and our own practical experience. It is not intended to be a systematic review, but does provide various levels of evidence which support further research into a developing model of integrative care. The holistic approach of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) may be integrated into conventional Western Medicine to supplement deficiencies in the current biomedical model. The philosophy of TCM proposes novel hypotheses which will support the development of a science-based holistic medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 53 ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3670. A brief introduction to researches on treatment of hormone-dependent asthma with traditional Chinese medicine By Cui H; Wu W From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2001), 21(2), 153-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3671. Progress in the treatment of hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy with Chinese traditional medicine By Jiang W; Tang Z From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1998), 18(6), 3834, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3672. Progress in the treatment of epilepsy in children with traditional Chinese medicine By Zhang H; Wang L From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1998), 18(10), 6356, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3673. Current status of study on asthma treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine By Wang L; Liu H; Liu J From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1998), 18(4), 2535, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3674. T-lymphocyte immune status of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection and progress in its treatment with traditional Chinese and western medicine By Liu L; Li M; Qian R From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1998), 18(9), 5735, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 54 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3675. Factors related to utilization of traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan By Chou P From Zhonghua yi xue za zhi = Chinese medical journal; Free China ed (2001), 64(4), 191-202, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Complementary and alternative medicine use is increasing worldwide. Expenses for complementary and alternative medicines are high, while the effectiveness of such medicines is still in debate. This paper reviewed the utilization of complementary and alternative medicines. Complementary and alternative therapies are used frequently and increasingly. Alternative therapies were used often for chronic conditions, including back problems, anxiety, depression and headaches in the United States. Musculoskeletal and respiratory complaints were the most frequent causes for complementary and alternative medicine consultation in Israel. In Taiwan, a systematic series of studies on factors related to utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were conducted, including: (1) factors related to the choice of medical service (single or dual approach); (2) factors related to the choice of clinic type between TCM and western medicine among patients with single approach and among patients with dual approach; (3) factors related to patient choice of institute providing TCM (between TCM department in teaching hospital and regular TCM clinic) among patients using TCM only; and (4) knowledge, attitude and behavioral intention regarding TCM among patients using TCM only and among community residents over 30 years old. The findings of the above studies are summarized and presented accordingly. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3676. Oriental medicine: an introduction By Ehling D From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (2001), 7(4), 71-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This article covers introductory concepts regarding Oriental medicine, its historical context, yin and yang principles, and Five-Phase theory. It discusses organ theory, patient examination, diagnosis, the meridian network system, and treatment modalities such as acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine, giving a brief overview of the different acupuncture and Oriental medical styles practiced in the United States. Included also are helpful tables, graphs, and photographs to provide a better visual context for Oriental medicine. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3677. The roots of ancient medicine: an historical outline By Subbarayappa B V From Journal of biosciences (2001), 26(2), 135-43, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3678. Herbal and complementary and alternative medicine therapies for liver disease. A focus on Chinese traditional medicine in hepatitis C virus By Cohen M R From Clinics in liver disease (2001), 5(2), 461-78, vii, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This article presents herbal and alternative therapies used in the treatment of liver disease, both as adjunctive or complementary treatment to Western pharmaceutical strategies, and as an alternative treatment in liver disease, particularly for Hepatitis C Virus. There is a special emphasis on traditional Chinese herbal medicine. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 55 3679. Natural therapies for ocular disorders, part two: cataracts and glaucoma By Head K A From Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic (2001), 6(2), 141-66, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Pathophysiological mechanisms of cataract formation include deficient glutathione levels contributing to a faulty antioxidant defense system within the lens of the eye. Nutrients to increase glutathione levels and activity include lipoic acid, vitamins E and C, and selenium. Cataract patients also tend to be deficient in vitamin A and the carotenes, lutein and zeaxanthin. The B vitamin riboflavin appears to play an essential role as a precursor to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), a co-factor for glutathione reductase activity. Other nutrients and botanicals, which may benefit cataract patients or help prevent cataracts, include pantethine, folic acid, melatonin, and bilberry. Diabetic cataracts are caused by an elevation of polyols within the lens of the eye catalyzed by the enzyme aldose reductase. Flavonoids, particularly quercetin and its derivatives, are potent inhibitors of aldose reductase. Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in some but not all cases. Some patients with glaucoma have normal IOP but poor circulation, resulting in damage to the optic nerve. Faulty glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis or breakdown in the trabecular meshwork associated with aqueous outflow has also been implicated. Similar to patients with cataracts, those with glaucoma typically have compromised antioxidant defense systems as well. Nutrients that can impact GAGs such as vitamin C and glucosamine sulfate may hold promise for glaucoma treatment. Vitamin C in high doses has been found to lower IOP via its osmotic effect. Other nutrients holding some potential benefit for glaucoma include lipoic acid, vitamin B12, magnesium, and melatonin. Botanicals may offer some therapeutic potential. Ginkgo biloba increases circulation to the optic nerve; forskolin (an extract from Coleus forskohlii) has been used successfully as a topical agent to lower IOP; and intramuscular injections of Salvia miltiorrhiza have shown benefit in improving visual acuity and peripheral vision in people with glaucoma. ~7 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3680. Nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins and diabetic neuropathy: current status of traditional Chinese medicine therapy By Zhang K; Liang X From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1998), 18(2), 1256, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3681. Current status of the study on the integration of traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine in the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans By Chen P; Shang D From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1998), 18(2), 1224, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3682. Withered Yang: a review of traditional Chinese medical treatment of male infertility and erectile dysfunction By Crimmel A S; Conner C S; Monga M From Journal of andrology (2001), 22(2), 173-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 56 3683. Ping wei san, a Chinese medicine for gastrointestinal disorders By Riedlinger J E; Tan P W; Lu W From The Annals of pharmacotherapy (2001), 35(2), 228-35, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVE: To describe the dilemma that American pharmacists face when their patient uses a traditional Chinese herbal formula. Ping wei san (PWS), an agent used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, is used to illustrate the problems encountered and to identify resources on Chinese herbal medicines available to pharmacists. DATA SYNTHESIS: In the US, Chinese herbal medicine is making its way into mainstream Western medicine. Patients may discover PWS in their search for a substitute for cisapride, which was partially withdrawn from the US market in July 2000. The pharmacist may be called on to assist in the management of patients who wish to use PWS for treatment of common gastrointestinal disorders like gastritis, esophageal reflux, gastric or duodenal ulcers, and acute or chronic enteritis. As with most other Chinese herbal formulas, English-language literature about PWS is limited and is often difficult to interpret. Pharmacists who are unfamiliar with the basic principles and terminology used in traditional Chinese medical practices will need to identify sources of information about this complementary alternative practice to be able to provide pharmaceutical care for patients taking a Chinese herbal formula like PWS. CONCLUSIONS: To develop a pharmaceutical care plan for patients using a Chinese herbal medicine therapy such as PWS, the pharmacist will need to become familiar with traditional Chinese medical practices and terminology describing indications, therapeutic effects, and risks. Fortunately, resources are available to pharmacists who need assistance in interpreting information on Chinese herbal therapies so that they can appropriately manage patients using them. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3684. Chronotherapy in traditional Chinese medicine By Samuels N From The American journal of Chinese medicine (2000), 28(3-4), 419-23, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The circadian rhythm of illness has been emphasized for thousands of years in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), using this knowledge to schedule therapies such as acupuncture during appropriate hours of the day. This paper reviews the time periods (two hour segments) that apply to each organ system according to TCM (lungs, large intestine, stomach, heart, kidneys and liver), and elaborates on how recent medical research has found similar relevant biorhythms in these very same organ systems. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3685. Systemic therapy of atopic dermatitis By Sidbury R; Hanifin J M From Clinical and experimental dermatology (2000), 25(7), 559-66, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease. Topical therapy is the mainstay, but patients with widespread moderate to severe atopic dermatitis may require systemic therapy. Immunosuppressants, immune response modifiers, antihistamines and antibiotics are among the classes of systemic medications frequently used to treat extensive atopic dermatitis; the indications and scientific support for the use of these and other less commonly used medications will be reviewed in this article. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3686. Research and future trends in the pharmaceutical development of medicinal herbs from Chinese medicine By Lee K H From Public health nutrition (2000), 3(4A), 515-22, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 57 Issues concerning the past and future development of medicinal herbs from Chinese medicine (CM) are addressed in this paper. In the Western world, medicinal herbs are becoming increasingly popular and important in the public and scientific communities. In contrast to their regulated status in China and other countries, herbal medicines are regarded as dietary supplements in the US. Accordingly, research must continue worldwide to identify and improve the efficacy of the active principals of herbs both singly and in combination -- from active ingredients, active fractions, and active herbal formulations. While Western medicine currently employs pure, single compounds, either natural or synthetic, CM has long used multiple combinations of compounds in the form of processed natural products, primarily medicinal herbs, to treat and relieve the symptoms of many different human diseases. CM may have fewer and less severe side effects than single pure drugs, making CM especially attractive to the consumer. In effect, CM's focus on combination therapy does serve both ancient and modern theories. However, research using modern analytical and chemical techniques is needed to ensure efficacy and safety, to provide qualitative and quantitative analyses for dietary supplements, and to develop new, effective and safe world-class drugs. Drug design is an iterative process. Bioactivity-directed fractionation and isolation identify active natural compounds from single herbs or formulations. These lead structures can be chemically modified and improved through knowledge of structure--activity relationship, mechanism of action, drug metabolism, molecular modelling and combinatorial chemistry studies. Finally, efficacy and toxicity determination as well as clinical trials can contribute to the generation of new drugs from CM. To continue the legacy of CM, as well as the worldwide uses of other medicinal herbs, continued investigation of active formulations, bioactive fractions, and isolated compounds is critical to drug development in the 21st century. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3687. A drug over the millennia: pharmacognosy, chemistry, and pharmacology of licorice By Shibata S From Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (2000), 120(10), 849-62, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Licorice, the root of Glycyrrhiza spp. (Fabaceae), has been used since ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman times in the West and since the Former Han era (the 2nd-3rd century B.C.) in ancient China in the East. In traditional Chinese medicine, licorice is one of the most frequently used drugs. In Japan, the oldest specimen of licorice introduced from China in the middle of the 8th century still exists in Shosoin, the Imperial Storehouse, in Nara. Extracts of licorice were recommended as a remedy for gastric ulcer by Revers of the Netherlands in 1946, which was soon withdrawn owing to its side effects. Carbenoxolon sodium, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) hemisuccinate Na, was prepared from licorice to treat peptic ulcer in the UK. In Japan for the past 60 years, a glycyrrhizin (GL) preparation under the name of Stronger NeoMinophagen C (SNMC) has been used clinically as an antiallergic and antihepatitis agent. GL and GA sometimes induce edema, hypertension, and hypokalemia in patients treated with higher doses and long-term administration. The mechanism of this side effect, pseudoaldosteronism, has been explained as due to the 11-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase inhibitory activity of GL and GA. The excess of endogenous cortisol produced combines with the renal mineral corticoid receptor, which promotes an aldosterone-like action. GL and GA reduce alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) values in the serum. This hepatoprotective effect has recently been explained as the inhibitory effects of GL and GA on immune-mediated cytotoxicity against hepatocytes and on nuclear factor (NF)kappa B, which activates genes encoding inflammatory cytokines in the liver. To exclude the side effects and enhance the therapeutic activities, chemical modification of GL and GA has been performed. Deoxoglycyrrhetol (DG), homoand heteroannular diene homologs of dihemiphthalates, showed a remarkable improvement in antiinflammatory, antiallergic, and antiulcer activities in animal experiments. Immunomodulating effects of GL, GA, and DG derivatives, which induce interferon-gamma and some other cytokines, have been demonstrated in relation with their antiviral activities. Antiinflammatory, antitumorigenic, and antimalarial effects of licorice flavonoids have also been investigated. ~12 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3688. Nil nocere! Phytotherapy causing nephropathy By Kakuk G From Orvosi hetilap (2000), 141(47), 2555-8, Language: Hungarian, Database: MEDLINE The summary draws attention to the nephropathy caused by "Chinese tea", with all its attendant risks that lead to organ damage. Available data from the literature describe more than 100 women who, at various times, underwent long-term slimming courses by taking two types of Chinese tea containing tablets, namely, Stefania tetranda and Magnolia officinalis. The nephropathy is characterized by severe anemia, tubular proteinuria, histologically chronic ischaemic, interstitial nephritis, accelerated decline in kidney function, and epithelial cell dysplasia of the urinary tract, with consequent inclination towards malignant transformation. The clinical and histological picture resembles that of the Balkan nephropathy. Apart from all these a proportion of the patients may develop aorta insufficiency. The author emphasises the hazards in one of the branches of alternative medicine, fitotherapy, and their prevention. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 58 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3689. Medicinal plants in China containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids By Roeder E From Die Pharmazie (2000), 55(10), 711-26, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Medicinal plants and remedies are widely used for various ailments throughout the world. Many of these plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) which are hepatotoxic, pneumotoxic, genotoxic, neurotoxic, and cytotoxic. As a result of their use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), medicinal plants are becoming increasingly important not only in China but also in many other countries. This paper will therefore give, a critical overview of PA-containing plants belonging mainly to the families Boraginaceae, Leguminosae (Tribus Crotalarieae), and Asteraceae (Tribus Senecioneae and Eupatorieae). The PAs contained in the 38 plants described here differ widely in their structure and toxicity. Their metabolism and the resulting toxicity will be discussed, the dehydroalkaloids (DHAlk) produced in the liver playing a key role in cases of intoxications. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3690. Herbal medicines for asthma: a systematic review By Huntley A; Ernst E From Thorax (2000), 55(11), 925-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in modern society and there is increasing evidence to suggest that its incidence and severity are increasing. There is a high prevalence of usage of complementary medicine for asthma. Herbal preparations have been cited as the third most popular complementary treatment modality by British asthma sufferers. This study was undertaken to determine if there is any evidence for the clinical efficacy of herbal preparations for the treatment of asthma symptoms. METHODS: Four independent literature searches were performed on Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Only randomised clinical trials were included. There were no restrictions on the language of publication. The data were extracted in a standardised, predefined manner and assessed critically. RESULTS: Seventeen randomised clinical trials were found, six of which concerned the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and eight described traditional Indian medicine, of which five investigated Tylophora indica. Three other randomised trials tested a Japanese Kampo medicine, marihuana, and dried ivy leaf extract. Nine of the 17 trials reported a clinically relevant improvement in lung function and/or symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS: No definitive evidence for any of the herbal preparations emerged. Considering the popularity of herbal medicine with asthma patients, there is urgent need for stringently designed clinically relevant randomised clinical trials for herbal preparations in the treatment of asthma. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3691. Principles of traditional Chinese medicine By Meng A From Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) (2000), 150(13-14), 310-6, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE The beginnings of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be related to the three most important philosophic and religious personalities. Modern Western medicine (MM), which was already sensationally successful at that time, was brought to China by business men, missionaries and soldiers. Compared to MM, the theories of TCM seem abstract, its concept unusual. Historical hallmarks of TCM influenced by culture are the following: the medical system is philosophical, oriented towards humanism. TCM is a medical system without strict structural relationships (without anatomy). ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3692. Principles and application of acupuncture in neurology SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 59 By Jellinger K A From Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) (2000), 150(13-14), 278-85, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture is a valuable method of complementary medicine with broad application in neurology. It is based on the experiences of traditional Chinese medicine as well as on experimentally proven biological (biochemical and neurophysiological) effects. Acupuncture-induced analgesia is mediated by inhibition of pain transmission at a spinal level and activation of central pain-modulating centers by release of opioids and other peptides that can be prevented by opioid antagonists (naloxone). Modern neuroimaging methods (functional MRI) confirmed the activation of subcortical and cortical centers, while transcranial Doppler sonography and SPECT showed an increase of cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen supply in normal subjects. Clinical experience and controlled studies confirmed the efficacy of acupuncture in various pain syndromes (tension headache, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, posttraumatic pain, lumbar syndrome, ischialgia, etc.) and suggest favorable effects in the rehabilitation of peripheral facial nerve palsy and after stroke. Appropriate techniques, hygiene safeguards and knowledge of contraindications will minimize the risks of rare side effects of acupuncture which represents a valuable adjunction to the treatment repertoire in modern neurology. There is sufficient evidence of acupuncture to expand its use into conventional medicine and to encourage further studies of its pathophysiology and clinical value. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3693. Arsenic trioxide therapy for relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia: an useful salvage therapy By Huan S Y; Yang C H; Chen Y C From Leukemia & lymphoma (2000), 38(3-4), 283-93, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) was recently identified as a very potent agent against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Intravenous infusion of 10 mg As2O3 daily for one to two months can induce significant complete remission (CR) of APL, and there is no cross drug-resistance between As2O3 and other antileukemic agents, including all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The CR rate of relapsed and/or refractory APL patients who received As2O3 treatment ranged from 52.3% to 93.3%. The median duration to CR ranged from 38 to 51 days, with accumulative As2O3 dosage of 340-430 mg. Although most adverse reactions of As2O3 treatment were tolerable, certain infrequent but severe toxicities related to As2O3 were observed, including renal failure, hepatic damage, cardiac arrhythmia and chronic neuromuscular degeneration, which should be monitored carefully. As2O3 can induce partial differentiation and subsequent apoptosis of APL cells through degradation of wild type PML and PML/RAR alpha chimeric proteins and possible anti-mitochondrial effects. Like the treatment of ATRA in APL, early relapses from As2O3 treatment within a few months were not infrequently seen, indicating that rapid emerging resistance to As2O3 can occur. Nevertheless, the PML/RAR alpha fusion protein was reported to disappear in some APL patients who received As2O3, and who might earn long-survival. However, the follow-up is still too short to draw the conclusion. Intriguingly, it has been shown that As2O3 can also induce apoptosis of other non-APL tumor cells with clinical achievable concentrations. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Further studies regarding to the pharmacological characters, clinical efficacies, toxicities, apoptogenic mechanisms, and spectrum of anti-tumor activity of As2O3 are warranted. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3694. Spirit (shen), styles of knowing, and authority in contemporary Chinese medicine By Hsu E From Culture, medicine and psychiatry (2000), 24(2), 197-229, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 60 Studies on the terminology of expert knowledge tend to neglect the relevance of sociological data, in spite of general acceptance that knowledge and social practice are interdependent. This paper explores expert knowledge and practice by examining 'styles of knowing' and how they differ according to the ways in which experts establish their authority. For assessing medical authority in microsocial settings, the author takes recourse to Weber's three ideal types. The study shows that for a charismatic healer who seeks to reach mutual consensus with his clientele vagueness in terminology can be useful. When, however, medical authority depends on recognition by superiors and peers in modern bureaucratic institutions, vague terms tend to be avoided. So, the same term that a charismatic healer may refer to in a vague sense becomes more explicitly defined in the bureaucratic setting. Its sense is more clearly delimited and denotational qualities are emphasized. In institutions where traditional authority prevails, like those of the literate elite in highly stratified traditional societies, the technical terminology is not only vague, but notoriously polysemous. The article draws on ethnographic data of Chinese medicine and qigong therapy as practised in the late eighties in Kunming city, the capital of Yunnan province in the People's Republic of China, but it is meant to contribute in a more general way to an exploration of the ways in which claims to medical authority interrelate with word meaning, language use, and 'styles of knowing'. The term investigated, shen, refers to the spiritual, a domain of human experience that is widely acknowledged by traditional medical practitioners, but difficult to evaluate by sociological analysis. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3695. Traditional Chinese medicine in orthopaedic nursing By Topham D L From Orthopaedic nursing / National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses (1999), 18(6), 45-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Increasing popularity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by the American public warrants an examination of its role in all of nursing. Many people seeking alternative treatments do so out of frustration with the inability of Western medicine to help with chronic illnesses. Thus, Western practitioners need a basic understanding of these alternative modalities to help their clients make informed choices about their health care. This article describes the underlying theory of TCM, assessments, diagnostics, and treatments found in TCM, as well as uses of TCM in orthopaedic nursing. Also included are research considerations as well as precautions in the use of TCM. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3696. A Kampo medicine "Juzen-taiho-to"--prevention of malignant progression and metastasis of tumor cells and the mechanism of action By Saiki I From Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin (2000), 23(6), 677-88, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Juzen-taiho-to is a Kampo (Japanese and Chinese traditional) medicine, and is a nourishing agent, a so-called "Hozai" (in Japanese), that is used for improving disturbances and imbalances in the homeostatic condition of the body. This drug is administered to patients in various weakened conditions, including post-surgery patients and patients with chronic illnesses, where it can alleviate general symptoms such as extreme fatigue, pale complexion, loss of appetite, dry or scaly skin, night sweating, and dryness of the mouth. Currently, Juzen-taiho-to is often administered to cancer patients, and has been shown to possess various biological activities, such as enhancement of phagocytosis, cytokine induction, antibody production, induction of the mitogenic activity of spleen cells, anti-tumor effects when combined with surgical excision, anti-tumor effects with or without other drugs, and protection against the deleterious effects of anti-cancer drugs as well as radiation-induced immunosuppression and bone marrow toxicity. This article focuses on the antitumor and antimetastatic properties of Kampo formulations and describes the effect of Juzen-taiho-to and related formulations on tumor development, progression and metastasis in vivo. We also discuss the mechanism of the inhibitory action and the importance of the formulation and the constituent drugs in determining the efficacy. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3697. Advances in TCM treatment of primary hepatocarcinoma SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 61 By Guan D; Fang Z From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2000), 20(3), 223-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3698. Acupuncture for management of pain By Gaynor J S From The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice (2000), 30(4), 875-84, viii, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture is the technique of inserting needles into specific areas of the body to elicit a physiologic response. Although acupuncture is based on the paradigms of traditional Chinese medicine, there are numerous physiologic and clinical studies that document and validate its use. Control of pain is a major indication for the use of acupuncture. It can be used in conjunction with analgesic drugs or alone to make patients more comfortable. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3699. The current aspects of reflexotherapy By Pokanevich V V; Macheret E L; Korkushko A O From Likars'ka sprava / Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov'ia Ukrainy (2000), (1), 21-4, Language: Russian, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3700. Effect of selected thallophytic glucans on learning behaviour and short-term potentiation By Smriga M; Saito H From Phytotherapy research : PTR (2000), 14(3), 153-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This paper reviews the effects of thallophytic glucans on rodent cognitive performance modelled by a combination of behavioural and electrophysiological approaches. Glucans were isolated from thallophytic plants, based on prescriptions used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. In parallel with the already described enhancement of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by disaccharides, polysaccharides isolated from lichens Flavoparmelia caperata and Cetrariella islandica, enhanced hippocampal plasticity and behavioural performance in rats. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3701. Review: drug therapy in Chinese traditional medicine By Cheng J T From Journal of clinical pharmacology (2000), 40(5), 445-50, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This article addresses the differences between the basic concepts of drug therapy in Chinese traditional medicine (CTM) and modern Western medicine. In ancient times, throughout the world, humans used plants as food and medicine. In Europe, chemistry developed rapidly after the influence of Paracelsus. Active principles were isolated from plants, and drugs were prepared in the salt form to use as medication. In China, several drugs isolated from plants have been prepared in the salt form in recent years, but herbal medication, developed in the ancient tradition, continued to be widely used in Chinese populations. Some theories such as the yin-yang theory and the five-element theory were commonly employed to explain the rationale for the use of CTM. In this review, hypertension and diabetes mellitus are used as examples to illustrate the applications of CTM. The notions of the "whole" and the use of "relative" rather than absolute are important concepts, which distinguish CTM from modern medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 62 ~6 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3702. Traditional Chinese medicine: an approach to scientific proof and clinical validation By Yuan R; Lin Y From Pharmacology & therapeutics (2000), 86(2), 191-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The classical Chinese pharmacopoeia describes a large number of herbal formulations that are used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. This therapeutic approach is ignored by many and considered to be an alternative to conventional medicine by others. The scientific proof and clinical validation of these herbal formulations require a rigorous approach that includes chemical standardization, biological assays, animal models, and clinical trials. Such Western methodologies need to take into consideration the complex mixture of chemicals and how they are to be used in humans. This review examines relevant studies on the use of traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of such diseases as bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. An interdisciplinary approach to traditional Chinese medicine may provide a platform for the discovery of novel therapeutics composed of multiple chemical compounds. ~5 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3703. Acupuncture for chronic asthma By Linde K; Jobst K; Panton J From Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (2000), (2), CD000008, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has traditionally been used to treat asthma in China and is used increasingly for this purpose internationally. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of acupuncture for the treatment of asthma or asthma-like symptoms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field trials register and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and possibly randomised trials using acupuncture to treat asthma and asthma-like symptoms. Acupuncture could involve the insertion of needles or other forms of stimulation of acupuncture points. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial quality was assessed by at least two reviewers independently. A reviewer experienced in acupuncture assessed the adequacy of the sham acupuncture. Study authors were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Seven trials involving 174 people were included. Trial quality varied and results were inconsistent. No statistically significant or clinically relevant effects were found for acupuncture compared to sham acupuncture. However the points used in the sham arm of some studies are used for the treatment of asthma according to traditional Chinese medicine. Only one study used individualised treatment strategies. Lung function could be compared statistically in only 3 trials. Peak expiratory flow rate showed a statistically insignificant increase of 8.4 litres/minute weighted mean difference (95% confidence interval -29.4 to 46.2) when acupuncture was compared to sham acupuncture. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to make recommendations about the value of acupuncture in asthma treatment. Further research needs to consider the complexities and different types of acupuncture. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3704. Traditional Chinese medicines as immunosuppressive agents By Ramgolam V; Ang S G; Lai Y H; Loh C S; Yap H K From Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore (2000), 29(1), 11-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 63 INTRODUCTION: Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) have been used for centuries in China to treat various immune-mediated disorders. METHODS: This review focuses on the clinical and experimental studies that have been performed with TCM as immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atopic eczema and solid organ transplantation. RESULTS: The "thunder god" vine, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHf), has been extensively used in China to treat SLE and RA. TWHf not only inhibited mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferation, but its active derivatives have also been shown to inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes and lymphocytes, as well as prostaglandin E2 production via the cyclooxygenase, COX-2, pathway, a potential mechanism of action in patients with RA. Demethylzelasteral (TZ-93), a triterpenoid isolated from the root cortex of TWHf, the plant alkaloid berbamine, and the hydrophobic extract of a Chinese herbal decoction, CMX-13, were all shown to be active in prolonging allograft survival in experimental animal models of heart, skin and single lung transplants, respectively. There are few well-designed randomised placebocontrolled clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of TCM in various diseases. Zemaphyte, a decoction of 10 herbs, has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in both children and adults in two randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials. CONCLUSION: There is both laboratory and clinical evidence that the derivatives of many of these herbs may have significant beneficial immunosuppressive effects, however, concerns of toxicity must also be addressed, as exact dosing of the active derivatives is difficult to achieve with the current prescriptions of TCM. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3705. The systems, holograms and theory of micro-acupuncture By Dale R A From American journal of acupuncture (1999), 27(3-4), 207-42, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Although acupuncture has been practiced for more than 5,000 years, micro-acupuncture is a recent concept. In the mid-1950s, Nogier discovered that the ear may be utilized as a diagnostic and therapeutic system for the entire body. He explored the topology of acupoints on the ear, observing that it is reiterative of the anatomy. Micro-acupuncture extends these principles to other parts of the body, for example, the foot, hand, nose, and even the orbit of the eye. The development, systems, theory, clinical uses and holograms of micro-acupuncture are reviewed. It is suggested that the holographic paradigm may even have implications for the evolution of a new scientific, social and personal consciousness. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3706. The paradox of the unity and duality of the kidneys according to Chinese medicine: kidney essence, yin, yang, qi, the mingmen--their origins, relationships, functions and manifestations By Hammer L I From American journal of acupuncture (1999), 27(3-4), 179-99, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This paper explores the relationship between Kidney Essence, Yang, Yin and Qi, and the Mingmen, their origins, the variety of functions they provide to the human organism, mentally, physically and spiritually, and the fundamental paradox they represent in terms of unity and polarity. This exercise is part of an ongoing personal exploration in the service of a more complete understanding of the cosmic and material functions of the Kidney in Chinese medicine and culture, also illuminated by Chinese pulse diagnosis. It is not meant to convey a final statement or as a repository of absolutes, but as an attempt to stimulate and ultimately share new ideas. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3707. Psychology and Chinese medicine: exploring the mental, emotional and spiritual disharmonies of the Kidney energy system By Hammer L I From American journal of acupuncture (1999), 27(3-4), 151-78, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 64 Drawing on his perspective as psychiatrist and longtime practitioner of Chinese medicine (CM), the author introduces his interpretation of the energy concepts of CM as they pertain to the psychology of man. This discussion focuses on the Water Element and Kidney energy system which are associated with supervision the genetic and intrauterine developmental phases of evolution. A faltering of these energies is associated with both pervasive and subtle neurological disorders and a predisposition to the most severe psychological disturbances. The manifestations and consequences are examined with case studies. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3708. Understanding acute disharmonies of the channel sinews By Rodger-Withers S From American journal of acupuncture (1999), 27(3-4), 141-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE A wide variety of symptom presentations have been identified in association with exogenous pathogenic attack of the "channel sinews" (CS). In accordance with the Eight Principles of Diagnosis and with reference to the classical literature, the author explores the outcomes of attack by exogenous pathogenic wind, cold, heat, and dampness at the acute stage. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3709. Treatment of biliary ascariasis in China By Zhou X; Peng W; Crompton D W; Xiong J From Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (1999), 93(6), 561-4, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3710. Unproven methods in cancer: a worldwide problem By Schraub S From Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (2000), 8(1), 10-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Questionable or unproven methods are used by cancer patients throughout the world. Treatments include drugs, vitamins, herbs, diets, healing, "psychological" treatments, folk medicines, and homeopathy. The exact frequency of questionable methods in cancer is difficult to evaluate because of the variety of methods, some being used as complementary treatments to conventional ones (and often not mentioned by patients) and others, as curative treatment (alternative treatment). In Europe, data are available for the Nordic countries, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, France and Italy. High frequencies of use are observed in Germanspeaking countries (52-65%). In North America, many publications give frequencies of between 7% and 54%. In Mexico, the frequency is 50%, higher than in Argentina (17%). In Australia, 22% have used complementary medicines. In Asia, some data are available from India, Taiwan and Japan. In Tunisia (northern Africa), the results of 59 interviews also show the use of questionable methods among Arabic patients. There is a lack of data from countries in Africa and in Asia. While some products are used all over the world (e.g. mistletoe, vitamins), others are country specific (Moerman diet in The Netherlands). Some traditional medicines are also country specific (e.g., Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine in India). Both alternative and complementary unproven methods are prescribed either according to classical concepts of cancer treatment or according to a new concept of the world and of life. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3711. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products-II By Issaq H J From Electrophoresis (1999), 20(15-16), 3190-202, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 65 Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) were used for the separation of widely different compounds from natural materials including compounds from tea, acids from different matrices, flavonoids and alkaloids, toxins and toxicological compounds, proteins and polypeptides, biogenic amines, phenolic compounds in alcoholic beverages, Chinese medicinal drugs, compounds in cells and cell extracts, and miscellaneous other applications. A section dealing with recent reviews related to natural products is also included. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3712. Causes, epidemiology, and clinical evaluation of suspected herbal poisoning By Ko R J From Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology (1999), 37(6), 697-708, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3713. A review of current research in microwave resonance therapy: novel opportunities in medical treatment By Jovanovic-Ignjatic Z; Rakovic D From Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research (1999), 24(2), 105-25, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Microwave Resonance Therapy (MRT) is a novel medical treatment, which represents a synthesis of the ancient Chinese traditional knowledge in medicine (acupuncture) and recent breakthroughs in biophysics. By affecting the appropriate acupuncture points by the generation of high frequency microwaves (52-78 GHz), remarkable clinical results are being achieved in surgery, orthopedic and traumatology, cardiovascular disorders, urology, gynecology, dermatology, gastroenterology, pulmology, upper respiratory tract, cardiology, neurology, and oncology during the last decade--the MRT being contraindicated only in the cases of acute pain in the abdomen demanding an operation, pregnancy, and menstruation cycle. In this paper the quantum-like macroscopic biophysical basis of the MRT and its technical details are elaborated too, offering a new insight in the mechanisms of the assembling gap junction hemichannels upon the internal microwave (MW) electromagnetic field spatio-temporal maximums at the temporary position of the acupuncture system, and, hence, the very biophysical nature of the temporary psychosomatic health or disease. The quantum-like coherent characteristics of the MRT (sharply-resonant sensory response of the disordered organism, extremely low-intensity and low-energy non-thermal biologically efficient MW radiation, and negligible MW energy losses down acupuncture meridians) might be viewed as a consequence of the existence of biological nonlocal selfconsistent macroscopic quantum potentials, which can give rise to nonlinear coherent EM MW long-range maserlike excitations of biological nonlinear absorption medium with the cells as active centers--with acupuncture meridians related to eigenfrequencies and spatio-temporal eigenwaves distributions of every individual biological quantum system. This suggests that a healthy condition might be considered as an absolute minimum (ground state) of the nonlocal selfconsistent macroscopic quantum potential of the organism. Some disorders of an acupuncture system correspond to higher minimums of the (spatio-temporally changeable) potential hypersurface in energy-configuration space, which possibly explains the higher sensory responses of the more excited (more disordered) acupuncture system and the poor MRT sensory response of the healthy acupuncture system being already in the ground state. Such a picture also supports the EM/ionic "optical" ultralowfrequency modulated MW quantum holographic neural network-like function of the acupuncture system (similar to complex-valued oscillatory holographic Hopfield-like neural networks), and its essential relation to consciousness, as strongly suggested from biophysical modeling of altered states of consciousness. Finally, the ionic aspects of the acupuncture system are considered, too, as well as the relation of ultradian (approximately 2-hour) nasal rhythm recognized in Indian swara yoga and circadian (approximately 24-hour) acupuncture rhythm recognized in Chinese traditional medicine, and their significance for maintaining the ionic balance within acupuncture system, as related to overall health. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3714. Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions By Attele A S; Wu J A; Yuan C S From Biochemical pharmacology (1999), 58(11), 1685-93, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 66 Ginseng is a highly valued herb in the Far East and has gained popularity in the West during the last decade. There is extensive literature on the beneficial effects of ginseng and its constituents. The major active components of ginseng are ginsenosides, a diverse group of steroidal saponins, which demonstrate the ability to target a myriad of tissues, producing an array of pharmacological responses. However, many mechanisms of ginsenoside activity still remain unknown. Since ginsenosides and other constituents of ginseng produce effects that are different from one another, and a single ginsenoside initiates multiple actions in the same tissue, the overall pharmacology of ginseng is complex. The ability of ginsenosides to independently target multireceptor systems at the plasma membrane, as well as to activate intracellular steroid receptors, may explain some pharmacological effects. This commentary aims to review selected effects of ginseng and ginsenosides and describe their possible modes of action. Structural variability of ginsenosides, structural and functional relationship to steroids, and potential targets of action are discussed. ~42 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3715. Acupuncture: its use in medicine By Pearl D; Schrollinger E From The Western journal of medicine (1999), 171(3), 176-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3716. Zhong Yi acupuncture and low-back pain: traditional Chinese medical acupuncture differential diagnoses and treatments for chronic lumbar pain By Birch S; Sherman K From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (1999), 5(5), 415-25; discussion 427-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Little attention has been given to selecting treatments in clinical trials of acupuncture. Yet in order to perform objective tests of this procedure, it is crucial that the selected treatments are considered representative of the style of practice being tested. We examined 16 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acupuncture texts or treatment articles to determine the consistency of diagnosis and recommended treatment for chronic low-back pain. Although 24 diagnostic patterns were described by 1 or more texts, only 4 patterns were described by at least half of the texts. Most texts (12/16) described only 3 or 4 patterns. These could be categorized into 3 broad types: cold, damp, wind, heat channel obstruction patterns; kidney vacuity patterns (sometimes differentiated into yang and yin patterns); and blood (or blood and qi) stasis patterns. Several acupuncture points were recommended by most texts regardless of the diagnosis, whereas other acupoints were recommended for specific diagnostic patterns. There was, however, substantial variation between texts in recommended acupoints, with less than 20% of all acupoints recommended by half or more of the texts. This varibility will make it difficult to select TCM treatments for clinical trials of chronic low-back pain that have wide applicability. We believe that examining treatment patterns in actual clinical practice is crucial in this situation. We suggest that this method of selecting treatments should be part of the process used when selecting treatments for all clinical trials of acupuncture, regardless of the style of practice. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3717. Treatment of musculoskeletal pain with traditional Chinese herbal medicine By Arnold M D; Thornbrough L M From Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America (1999), 10(3), 663-71, ix-x, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) uses naturally occurring plant, animal, and mineral substances to treat or assist in the treatment of the full spectrum of human disease. With the rise in popularity of alternative or complementary medicine, all physicians will encounter patients using TCHMs. TCHM should be taken under the supervision of a provider whose herbal training and competence is commensurate with the intensity of the herbal regimen and the severity of the clinical condition. TCHM can be valuable in the treatment of all kinds of pain: either as primary or adjunctive therapy depending on the clinical situation. TCHM therapies are prescribed in the framework of a unique diagnostic approach, and are highly specific with regard to type of pain and location of pain. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 67 ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3718. Issues in acupuncture research: the failure of quantitative methodologies and the possibilities for viable, alternative solutions By Moroz A From American journal of acupuncture (1999), 27(1-2), 95-103, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Thirty years of active acupuncture research have failed to unequivocally demonstrate its clinical efficacy. Certain characteristics of acupuncture are difficult to fit into an experimental study. Many researchers mention selection of appropriate controls, single- or double-blind research design, and application of relevant outcome measures as areas causing most difficulties. Also cited are the variability of acupuncture techniques, difficulty of standardizing acupuncture treatments, inadequate population size, significant variability of response to treatments, the use of a distinctive terminology, and importance of practitioner's experience. Acupuncture and Chinese traditional medicine are based on a unique philosophical model, and the instruments of biomedical research may be inadequate and inappropriate. In contrast to the quantitative experimental method, introspective self-observation and qualitative observation are offered as a means of studying the effectiveness of acupuncture. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3719. Five element acupuncture: treating body, mind, and spirit By Moss C A From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (1999), 5(5), 52-61, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In the history of Chinese medicine, Five Elements was one of the major doctrines influencing not only acupuncture but all aspects of society. Through the system of correspondences, Five Element acupuncture provides a unique understanding of the connections between body, mind, and spirit in health and disease. Today the practice of Five Element acupuncture in the West has been further refined and differs in substantial ways from what is known as traditional Chinese medicine. The clinical application of the Five Element system provides an understanding of how the Taoist concept of the Laws of Nature can be used in modern society. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3720. The relevance of herbal treatments for psychiatric practice By Walter G; Rey J M From The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (1999), 33(4), 482-9; discussion 490-3, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to inform psychiatrists about the basic principles, terminology, schools of thought, efficacy, safety and regulatory issues regarding herbal treatments for mental illness. METHOD: Information was obtained by computerised and manual searching of medical and botanical data bases, and by discussions with experts in herbal medicine and regulatory aspects of the pharmaceutical industry. RESULTS: Herbal medicines are commonly used in developed and developing countries for psychiatric illness. The main schools of herbal medicine in Australia are Western herbal medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and 'Ayurveda' (Indian herbal medicine). Herbs used for psychiatric or neurological disorders are termed 'nervines'. Three nervines which have attracted considerable attention recently are St John's Wort, Gingko biloba and Valeriana officinalis. In Australia, most herbal drugs are classed as 'listed drugs' which are required to satisfy less rigorous safety and efficacy criteria than 'registered drugs'. The popularity of herbal remedies has a number of clinical and research implications for psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatrists should not endorse treatments that are unsupported by sound research, nor remain ignorant about alternative approaches to mental illness. The extent of use of herbal treatments for mental illness suggests that psychiatrists should become more knowledgeable about developments in this area. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 68 3721. Pharmacologic and alternative therapies for the horse with chronic laminitis By Sumano Lopez H; Hoyas Sepulveda M L; Brumbaugh G W From The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice (1999), 15(2), 495-516, viii, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This article deals with treatment of the chronically foundered horse. The first section of this article is focused on aspects of the traditional pharmacologic approaches to management of digital pain and sepsis, dietary management, and thyroid supplementation. A second section introduces the concepts, principles, and agents that are used in homeopathic treatments for laminitis. Lastly, a third section of this article reviews the use of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine approaches to treatment of chronic laminitis. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3722. Advances in TCM treatment of hyperprolactinemia By Lei J; Ning J; Guo Z From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1998), 18(3), 230-4, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In recent years, rapid progress has been seen in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia with TCM and materia medica. The old pattern of simply using bromocryptine to treat the disease has been changed. Most of the cases reported in this paper were primary hyperprolactinemia, with other primary diseases excluded. As TCM treatment produces definite therapeutic effects with few side-effects, the methods above reported are worth recommending. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3723. A review on traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of multiple sclerosis By Sun Y; Liu X From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1999), 19(1), 65-73, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3724. Traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of bronchitis and bronchial asthma By Chen A From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1998), 18(1), 71-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3725. Advances in TCM treatment of diabetic acromelic gangrene By Li Y; Cheng Y From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1998), 18(1), 66-70, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 69 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3726. Advances in treatment of diabetic neuropathy by traditional Chinese medicine By Heng X; Zhang F From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1998), 18(2), 146-52, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3727. A survey of research on the treatment of asthma by invigorating blood circulation to remove blood stasis By Wang Z From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1997), 17(4), 304-10, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE It has been demonstrated by a lot of clinical practice and experimental research that blood stasis is present in cases of asthma. In regard to the manifestations of asthma with blood stasis, medical doctors in our country carried out many investigations. The symptoms and signs of the disease are recognized consistently. Furthermore, they used blood rheological changes as laboratory indices to reach a more objective diagnosis. In the therapeutic aspect of asthma with blood stasis, either ancient recipes or those formulated by individual doctors have significant therapeutic effects. These are the important progress in the treatment and recognition of the pathogenic mechanisms of asthma. However, in regard to the diagnosis of asthma with blood stasis, at present there are no unified criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate relatively unified diagnostic criteria and the criteria for therapeutic effect evaluation. Doubtlessly, this is of great significance in further research of the disease. In addition, it is also necessary to carry out extensive experimental research concerning the mechanisms of the recipes with the actions of improving blood circulation and removing blood stasis, especially the ancient recipes or those prescribed by individual doctors, which are scarcely based on systematic animal experimental research. These need to be further studied. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3728. Problems in the legislative regulation of folk and nontraditional medicines By Pokanevych V V From Likars'ka sprava / Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov'ia Ukrainy (1999), (1), 134-9, Language: Ukrainian, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3729. Traditional and complementary therapies in Parkinson's disease By Manyam B V; Sanchez-Ramos J R From Advances in neurology (1999), 80565-74, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Parkinson's disease has existed in different parts of the world since ancient times. The first clear description is found in the ancient Indian medical system of Ayurveda under the name Kampavata. Traditional therapies in the form of herbal preparations containing anticholinergics, levodopa, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors were used in the treatment of PD in India, China, and the Amazon basin. Scientific reevaluation of these therapies may be valuable, as shown in the case of Mucuna pruriens and Banisteria caapi. Complementary therapies such as massage therapy, biofeedback, and acupuncture may have beneficial effects for patients and deserve further study. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 70 3730. A cytologist's view of China--Citizen Ambassador Program Cytopathology Delegation to the People's Republic of China, February 1997 By Waddell C A From Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology (1999), 10(3), 201-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3731. The basic clinical diagnostic framework synergized By Yu E C From Chinese medical journal (1998), 111(5), 460-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVE: To develop a diagnostic framework that would help defining clinical problems by the expanded understanding with traditional Chinese medicine (C Med) and western medicine (W Med). METHODS: The basic attributes of diagnosis and the use of diagnostic techniques of W Med and C Med are reviewed. Some of the various diagnostic labels and their meanings are also preliminarily reviewed. A consolidatory approach is made to synergize the usefulness of the two disciplines based on the principles of the two schools. RESULTS: A synergized basic diagnostic framework is developed. The disease (the disease diagnosis, [symbol: see text]), the state of the inner core (the core diagnosis, [symbol: see text]) should be defined. The term "systemic clues" is used to describe the symptom complex and conglomerate evidence describing the transient or sustained reaction of the inner core to environment. This is an analytical summary of its pathophysiological changes in reaction to the environmental insults. CONCLUSIONS: The application and use of the framework are discussed and propositions are made. The synergized diagnostic platform represents a starting effort to form a unified basis to exchange clinical diagnosis between W Med and C Med. Such framework may facilitate looking for new treatment modalities and results can be compared across different centres. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3732. Stroke therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): prospects for drug discovery and development By Gong X; Sucher N J From Trends in pharmacological sciences (1999), 20(5), 191-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Brain injuries resulting from stroke are a major and increasing public health problem in both developed and developing countries worldwide. China's extensive experience in the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in stroke therapy indicates that TCM preparations are effective, with few or no side-effects. There are more than 100 traditional medicines in use for stroke therapy in China. Some of their therapeutic effects in stroke have been confirmed by recent clinical studies. A large number of compounds have been isolated from TCMs and most of these resources have not yet been characterized for pharmacological purposes. Here, this article explains how TCM provides an extensive and knowledge-rich foundation for implementing a strategically focused pharmacological research programme aimed at the development of new drugs. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3733. Qigong-induced mental disorders: a review By Ng B Y From The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (1999), 33(2), 197-206, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 71 OBJECTIVE: This review article aims to explore current opinions on Qigong-induced mental disorders, an entity which is unfamiliar to Western psychiatrists. METHOD: Relevant literature published in Chinese and English is reviewed. RESULTS: The review is divided into three sections: first, there is brief consideration of the historical development of Qigong in traditional Chinese medicine and its role in psychiatry; second, there is a review of the literature published on Qigong deviations and Qigong-induced mental disorders; and third, there is a discussion on the aetiological role of Qigong in these conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Qigong remained veiled in secrecy and available only to the elite until the early 1980s. Despite the widespread use of Qigong, there is a conspicuous lack of controlled data regarding its effects on mental health. Qigong, when practised inappropriately, may induce abnormal psychosomatic responses and even mental disorders. However, the ties between Qigong and mental disorders are manifold, and a causal relationship is difficult to establish. Many so-called 'Qigong-induced psychoses' may be more appropriately labelled 'Qigong-precipitated psychoses', where the practice of Qigong acts as a stressor in vulnerable individuals. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3734. Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and other alternative medicines for prostate cancer: an introduction and the need for more research By Moyad M A; Hathaway S; Ni H S From Seminars in urologic oncology (1999), 17(2), 103-10, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE There are several other alternative medicines apart from vitamins and minerals that the clinician should be aware of because they have grown in popularity in other fields of medicine. In time, these therapies should impact the arena of urologic oncology. Traditional Chinese Medicine, which includes acupuncture, is an area that has received some attention. The theory behind it can be quite daunting because it is so different from the theory behind Western Medical Science. In addition, exactly how acupuncture can be applied to a patient and its potential use in prostate cancer need to be addressed. Other herbal therapies for the patient experiencing symptoms related to a localized cancer diagnosis also need to be evaluated. St John's Wort for depression and Kava for anxiety are two examples of herbal alternatives that some prostate patients are inquiring about. Finally, Ginkgo biloba has received a great deal of attention in the media for erectile dysfunction, but there is a dearth of evidence in this area and the information that already exists can be misleading until further studies are conducted. Also, it is imperative that additional studies be performed in all of the above subjects as they relate to prostate cancer, but a general survey on alternative medicine use in urologic diseases is needed first before an adequate review of the most popular therapies can be published. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3735. Current status of the prevention and treatment of intersititial lung diseases by traditional Chinese medicine By Tao K; Zhou X Y From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1997), 17(9), 5746, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3736. Progress in the study on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in traditional Chinese medicine By Li S H; Li X G; Yu Y Q; Zhou W Q From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1997), 17(9), 5713, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3737. Progress in the researches on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of abstinence syndrome SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 72 By Li G X From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1997), 17(7), 4468, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3738. Current status of and progress in the research on syndrome differentiation in unstable angina By Lei Y; Chen K J From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1997), 17(11), 7014, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3739. Progress in the study on the treatment of rotaviral enteritis with traditional Chinese medicine By Xu W C; Chen B T; Fu J X From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1997), 17(8), 5112, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3740. Acupuncture as a treatment modality for back problems By Ridgway K From The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice (1999), 15(1), 211-21, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Concepts of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine are presented for clarity and contrast to Western medical concepts. Various acupuncture techniques and methods are discussed including dry needling, electroacupuncture, acupuncture using hypodermic needles, and injecting various solutions into the acupuncture sites. Potential complications and precautions are also presented. A type of chronic back pain is discussed that is possibly associated with a radiculopathically induced, hypersensitivity myofascial syndrome that presents as a fibromyalgia-like syndrome. Effective acupuncture treatment for the described chronic fibromyalgia-like syndrome is discussed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3741. How Chinese scientists discovered qinghaosu (artemisinin) and developed its derivatives? What are the future perspectives? By Li Y; Wu Y L From Medecine tropicale : revue du Corps de sante colonial (1998), 58(3 Suppl), 9-12, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 73 Since the middle of this century and especially since the 1960s and 1970s. Chinese scientists have put considerable effort and resources into the search for new antimalarial compounds extracted from Chinese traditional herbs. Archaeological findings indicate that qinghao (Artemisia annua L.) has been used as a traditional remedy in China for over two thousand years. Its antimalarial principle was finally isolated in 1971 and named artemisinin or qinghaosu (meaning the principle of qinghao in Chinese). Its rapid action, low toxicity and powerful effect against falciparum malaria made it a favored subject for research. In 1976, the unique structure of the molecule, characterized by an endoperoxide and an alternative O-C-O-C segment, was identified. The specific lactone reduction discovered during the determination of the structure opened the way for the synthesis of qinghaosu derivatives, and thereafter a series of more active and more oil- or water-soluble derivatives was developed. Subsequent studies of the structure/activity relationship led to the discovery of dihydroartemisinin, artemether and artesunate. Now qinghaosu and these three derivatives are being used around the world as effective new antimalarial drugs in the fight against falciparum malaria, including multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. At the present time new qinghaosu analogues or derivatives are being developed and studies of their structure/activity relationships, their antimalarial mechanisms, their interaction with ferrous ions and the DNA damage associated with these processes are being actively pursued. In addition, recent studies also indicate that some qinghaosu derivatives have other bioactivities, including antiparasitic (against Schistosoma japonicum, Toxoplasma gondii and so on) and anticancer activities. Research into qinghaosu and its derivatives has already produced and will no doubt continue to produce results of the utmost importance in the fight against malaria and other diseases. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3742. Production of ginseng and its bioactive components in plant cell culture: current technological and applied aspects By Wu J; Zhong J J From Journal of biotechnology (1999), 68(2-3), 89-99, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng CA Mayer) is a valuable oriental herb, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years, both as a disease-healing drug and a general tonic. The medicinal value of ginseng is now also widely recognized in the west and the world ginseng market is expanding. The current supply of ginseng depends mainly on field cultivation, which is a slow and laborious process. Plant cell and tissue culture methods have been explored as potentially more efficient alternatives for the mass production of ginseng and its bioactive components. Research into ginseng cell and tissue cultures started in the early 1960s and commercial applications have been underway since the late 1980s. The ginseng cell culture has continued to attract considerable research and development effort in recent years as scientists seek to understand and optimize the culture conditions. In this paper, we review recent studies on ginseng cell culture processes, focusing on the physiological and bioengineering factors affecting the productivity of ginseng biomass and useful metabolites (e.g. ginseng saponin and polysaccharide) and the progress and concerns in large-scale applications. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3743. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): a review for the primary care physician By Onopa J From Hawaii medical journal (1999), 58(2), 9-19, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 74 It is difficult to find a satisfactory title for this review, because both the word "complementary" and "alternative"-are not very politically correct currently. It is probable that there is no fully politically correct word, except for "non-allopathic," which is unfamiliar to many MDs. Accurately used, the term "allopathic" is as opposed to "homeopathic," so from its origins, "allopathic medicine" should include herbal medicine. However, in practice, herbal and many other nonhomeopathic treatments are called "non-allopathic," whereas conventional medicine is called "allopathic." "Complementary" usually would include practices that are used with conventional western medical treatments, and "alternative" would include those practices that are used instead of western medical treatments. For most of this review, the terms "non-allopathic," "alternative," and "complementary" could be used interchangeably. This topic has gained interest, and received some allopathic legitimacy, in part because of an article that David Eisenberg, M.D., published in the New England Journal.' In 1990, he performed a telephone survey of about 1,500 adults in the U.S. and asked them about the use of treatments and practices that were "alternative," which he defined as not generally being taught in the U.S. medical schools and not being readily available in U.S. hospitals. From his sample, he extrapolated that in 1990, about 60 million Americans used alternative medical treatments, at an estimated cost of $13.7 billion. There were more visits to alternative healers than to primary care MDs that year, and over two-thirds of people who did use alternative medical treatments did not tell their doctors about it. Now that third party figures are becoming interested in paying for alternative medical practices (especially naturopathic, chiropractic, and acupuncture services), allopathic physicians will be increasing in the position of being able to refer people to alternative providers, and insurers will pay for services that MDs approve. Therefore, it will become increasingly important for physicians to have a degree of familiarity with alternative treatments (including efficacy and risks). So far, to date, there have been no cases of malpractice for giving advice about the use of alternative medical treatments, but liability will certainly exist to anyone who delivers treatments, such as acupuncture or spinal manipulation, in the event of an adverse effect. This review will briefly introduce some of the most common alternative practices likely to be seen in Hawaii communities: Homeopathy, Herbs, Naturopathy, Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and Chiropractic and spinal manipulation, and a brief discussion of Dr. Eisenberg's recent position paper on advising patients about alternative practices. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3744. Herbal remedies and nephrotoxicity By Nortier J; Depierreux M; Vanherweghem J L From Revue medicale de Bruxelles (1999), 20(1), 9-14, Language: French, Database: MEDLINE Numerous substances from vegetal origin used as herbal remedies can be nephrotoxic. This article summarizes several circumstances of development of acute or chronic renal failure in which the responsible agent has been identified after a thorough toxicologic study. The Chinese herbs nephropathy is extensively described, detailing not only the epidemiological and histological aspects but also the extrarenal and neoplastic complications recently reported. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3745. Seeing to the distant mountain: diagnosis in Tibetan medicine By Tokar E From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (1999), 5(2), 50-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE To make use of an ancient traditional medical system, we must first comprehend the singular concepts and language that system uses to understand and describe health and illness. The diagnostic procedure is the method by which a person's medical condition is interpreted into the conceptual framework and language of medical science. This article provides a description of traditional Tibetan medical diagnosis and explains how a Tibetan physician perceives and analyzes a presenting illness. It discusses the spiritual, psychological, and physical aspects of the Tibetan medical approach to diagnosis. Addressing these issues can help us to understand what is unique about this system of alternative medicine and how it can inform other models of medical practice. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3746. Acupuncture: an information therapy? By Nissel H From Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) (1998), 148(19), 439-42, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 75 Even though modern medicine continues to be governed by the morphological point of view, cybernetics and systems theory are beginning to gain in importance. The concept of "Infomedicine" serves as the basis for a discussion of regulation and the information mechanisms necessary for this to occur. Some of the new insights being made in physics, such as the theory of relativity, quantum physics, and chaos theory provide many valuable explanations. Acupuncture represents a regulation and information therapy, and many parallels can be drawn between traditional Chinese medicine and the discoveries being made in today's physics. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3747. Other medical management of uterine fibroids By Eldar-Geva T; Healy D L From Bailliere's clinical obstetrics and gynaecology (1998), 12(2), 269-88, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Several medicines are emerging with the potential to treat symptomatic uterine fibroids. Anti-progesterone compounds seem particularly promising. These drugs have been widely used for nearly 20 years and are known to be safe; medical politics have prevented their proper investigation for uterine fibroids. In particular, the value of mifepristone, 50 mg per day for 3 months, seems particularly promising. Further investigation is clearly warranted for this medicine. Several anti-oestrogen compounds have recently become available and may also be useful for the medical treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids. This includes the possibility of the use of selective oestrogen receptor modulators as well as the prospect of the use of pure anti-oestrogens. On a longer time frame, inhibitors of angiogenesis may be useful. These medicines would act upon the blood supply to uterine fibroids. Physicians also have an obligation to investigate scientifically any promising naturopathic treatment that appears to have possible activity for symptomatic fibroids. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3748. Enzymatic modification of natural compounds with pharmacological properties By Riva S; Monti D; Luisetti M; Danieli B From Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1998), 86470-80, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Glycosides of various classes of natural products are widely distributed in nature, where they are often present esterified with aliphatic and aromatic acids at specific OH's of their sugar moieties. Many of these compounds are pharmacologically important molecules or possess other interesting properties. For instance, ginsenosides (e.g., 3) are therapeutic dammarane-type oligoglycosides isolated from the water-soluble portion of the dried roots and leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Aralianceae), a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, we have exploited the regioselectivity of lipases and proteases in organic solvents for the synthesis of specific esters of ginsenosides as well as the selectivity of the beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase from bovine colostrum to obtain new glycosyl derivatives of these compounds. The application of these two enzymatic methodologies has also been exemplified with other natural compounds with pharmacological properties: digitonin (5), colchicoside (6), and flavonoid glycosides. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3749. Evaluating alternative treatments for HIV infection By Freeman E M; MacIntyre R C From The Nursing clinics of North America (1999), 34(1), 147-62, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) offers views of disease and its treatment that may not compatible with western medicine. In this review of CAM, the authors provide a strategy by which to evaluate CAM in advanced nursing practice. The strategy is shaped by critiques of how to study CAM in light of the relationships that nurses share with their patients. Expert nursing knowledge of HIV-infected patients, in combination with acquired understandings of CAM, offer nurses additional interventions to use in the management of HIV-related symptoms. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 76 3750. Use of herbal medicine for treating psychiatric disorders in Japan By Kanba S; Yamada K; Mizushima H; Asai M From Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences (1998), 52 SupplS331-3, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Alongside the Western pharmacotherapy that is now the major medical modality in Japan, we continue to offer a number of traditional remedies. We prefer to allow patients to choose between these two approaches, after explaining the advantages and potential adverse effects of each. Research into the traditional treatments continues, and we now have a number of studies available concerning the efficacy of oriental herbal medicine (Kampo medicine) in Japan. There are about 120 different prescriptions available for treatment. Herbs are believed to affect both the psyche and soma, and Kampo medicine does not differentiate between them. Improvement brought about by herbal medicine is usually mild and slow, but sometimes very drastic. Side effects are rare. Those that do occur are mostly allergic reactions to natural substances. Therefore, herbal medicine is especially useful for elderly patients and patients with physical complications. Prescription is traditionally selected by judging Sho of a patient. Sho is equivalent to a syndrome, but comprises psycho and somatic symptoms and signs obtained by traditional physical examination that focuses constitution, general physical condition, pulse, abdominal signs, and examination of the tang. However, currently modern diagnoses are also applied to deciding upon the prescription. Western physicians can select the appropriate preparation without having a special knowledge of Oriental medicine. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3751. Camptothecins: a review of their development and schedules of administration By O'Leary J; Muggia F M From European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) (1998), 34(10), 1500-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, camptothecin was rediscovered in the 1950s during a search for compounds that could be used as a source for steroid synthesis. Due to its limited water solubility, a sodium salt was used in the early clinical trials. The severe toxicity and erratic absorption relegated this compound to the research laboratory until the 1980s when the topoisomerase enzyme was identified as the cellular target of camptothecin, the topoisomerase enzyme was found to be overexpressed in cancer cells and a structure-activity relationship was determined for camptothecin. These new developments brought the camptothecins back to the clinical setting for further testing. The various analogues that have been most studied to date include: irinotecan (CPT-11), and its derivative SN-38, topotecan, and 9-aminocamptothecin. Numerous trials have been conducted in an attempt to establish the efficacy in various tumour types, to determine the dose-limiting toxicity and to define the optimal schedule of administration. It seems that large doses of these drugs given on intermittent schedules are not effective. Our hypothesis is that the camptothecins require a prolonged schedule of administration given continuously at low doses or frequent intermittent dosing schedules to be most effective. With these schedules, normal haematopoietic cells and mucosal progenitor cells with low topoisomerase I levels may be spared, while efficacy is preserved. ~9 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3752. Current status and prospect of research on the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine By Ji Y; Zhang Z N From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1997), 17(6), 3813, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3753. Present status and prospects of researches on type A behavior By Zhang S Y; Zhang R Q From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1997), 17(4), 2513, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 77 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3754. The acupuncture system and the liquid crystalline collagen fibers of the connective tissues By Ho M W; Knight D P From The American journal of Chinese medicine (1998), 26(3-4), 251-63, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE We propose that the acupuncture system and the DC body field detected by western scientists both in here in the continuum of liquid crystalline collagen fibers that make up the bulk of the connective tissues. Bound water layers on the collagen fibers provide proton conduction pathways for rapid intercommunication throughout the body, enabling the organism to function as a coherent whole. This liquid crystalline continuum mediates hyperreactivity to allergens and the body's responsiveness to different forms of subtle energy medicine. It constitutes a "body consciousness" working in tandem with the "brain consciousness" of the nervous system. We review supporting evidence from biochemistry, cell biology, biophysics and neurophysiology, and suggest experiments to test our hypothesis. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3755. Traditional and evidence-based acupuncture: history, mechanisms, and present status By Ulett G A; Han J; Han S From Southern medical journal (1998), 91(12), 1115-20, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND: In 1983, the Southern Medical Journal advised its readers that a scientific basis might underlie the popular practice of ancient Chinese acupuncture. Recent studies have proven this to be correct, and a 1997 National Institutes of Health consensus panel recommended acupuncture as a useful clinical procedure. METHODS: Pertinent articles in the literature were reviewed, including our own research. Significantly, we had access to recent important studies from China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Most of the 10,000 acupuncturists in the country today practice metaphysically explained "meridian theory" acupuncture using needles to supposedly remove blockages of a hypothesized substance "Qi." Scientific research has shown that healing is not by manipulating Qi but rather by neuroelectric stimulation for the gene expression of neuropeptides. Needles are not necessary. Evidence-based neuroelectric acupuncture requires no metaphysical rituals. It is a simple, useful clinical tool for pain modulation and other conditions and can be easily taught to physicians. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3756. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of dermatologic disorders By Koo J; Arain S From Archives of dermatology (1998), 134(11), 1388-93, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative method of therapy that can be administered in oral, topical, or injectable forms. It emphasizes the importance of using many herbs that are combined in different formulations for each individual patient. Among some segments of the patient population, it has become increasingly popular as a mode for treating dermatologic diseases. As a result, it is now worthwhile for dermatologists throughout the West to gain some familiarity with this method. Yet, dermatologists are largely unfamiliar with TCM and may possess some misconceptions. We attempt to give a general overview of TCM through the discussion of different clinical studies involving various TCMs. Some proposed mechanisms of action of TCM are also presented. A discussion of adverse effects, including hepatotoxic effects and the need for close monitoring is discussed. A warning regarding the possible contamination of TCMs is also included. Since it is not possible to discuss the application of TCM for every skin disorder, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are used as the prototype in illustrating the use of TCM. In the future, perhaps a better understanding of TCM will be gained through more systematic analysis and controlled studies with a placebo arm. It is our hope that this article will provide an overview of the efficacy, mechanism of action, as well as adverse effects of TCM. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 78 3757. Recent advances on bioactive natural products from Chinese medicinal plants By Qin G W; Xu R S From Medicinal research reviews (1998), 18(6), 375-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE China has accumulated a rich body of empirical knowledge of the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases throughout its long history. Chemical studies on Chinese medicinal plants provide a valuable material base for the discovery and development of new drugs of natural origin. In this article recent chemical work on various Chinese medicinal plants is reviewed, including Mussaenda pubescens (Rubiaceae), Isatis indigotica (Cruciferae), Euphorbia fischeriana, and E. ebracteolata (Euphorbiaceae), and Stemona species (Stemonaceae). The structural diversity of the medicinal chemical constituents of the above plants is discussed. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3758. Progress in the treatment of acute leukemia with traditional Chinese medicine By Li H Y From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1997), 17(1), 5860, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3759. Chinese herbs: a clinical review of Astragalus, Ligusticum, and Schizandrae By Sinclair S From Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic (1998), 3(5), 338-44, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Although Astragalus, Ligusticum and Schizandrae have a long history of medicinal use within the traditional Chinese system, only recently has the West begun to understand their pharmacological possibilities and clinical applications. Astragalus has demonstrated a wide range of immunopotentiating effects and has proven efficacious as an adjunct cancer therapy. Ligusticum, and its active components, have been investigated for enhancement of the immune system, treatment of ischemic disorders, and as an anti-inflammatory. Clinically, the hepato-protective and antioxidant actions of Schizandrae have proven beneficial in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3760. Herbal medicine for periodontal diseases By Cao C F; Sun X P From International dental journal (1998), 48(3 Suppl 1), 316-22, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a treasure-house which has shown miraculous clinical effects. It has aroused tremendous interests in elucidating its mechanisms both in China and abroad. This paper presents a review of published articles on the effects and mechanisms of herbal medicine on periodontal disease. Specifically, two modifications of an ancient compound prescription were serially studied, Guchiwan (Tooth-firming pills) and Guchigao (Tooth-firming extract). Some in vitro studies have shown suppressive effects of various herbal extracts on bone resorption by isolated osteoclasts. TCM should be intensively studied for their possible use in periodontics. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3761. The state of health and provision of health care in Hong Kong SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 79 By Morley A P; Greengross P; Oh T E From Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998) (1998), 59(6), 457-60, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The new government took control of a Western style health-care system and a population whose health is comparable to the rest of the developed world. This article describes the existing health-care system, the state of public health and some of the challenges and opportunities facing the new administration. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3762. Adjustment function of life message apparatus type SMS-03 By Zheng X W From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(11), 7012, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3763. Progress in the pathogenic studies of Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic approach By Shen Z Y; Hu G R From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(11), 698700, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3764. Recent development in the treatment of repeated respiratory infection in child By Zhang Z J From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(9), 5714, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3765. The effects of Aconitum alkaloids on the central nervous system By Ameri A From Progress in neurobiology (1998), 56(2), 211-35, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 80 Preparations of Aconitum roots are employed in Chinese and Japanese medicine for analgesic, antirheumatic and neurological indications. The recent surge in use of phytomedicine derived from traditional Chinese medicine as well as increasing concerns about possible toxic effects of these compounds have inspired a great deal of research into the mechanisms by which certain Aconitum alkaloids may act on the central nervous system. The pharmacological effects of preparations of Aconitum roots are attributed to several diterpenoid alkaloids. The main alkaloid of these plants is aconitine, a highly toxic diterpenoid alkaloid which is known to suppress the inactivation of voltage-dependent Na+ channels by binding to neurotoxin binding site 2 of the alpha-subunit of the channel protein. In this article the pharmacology of several structurally related Aconitum alkaloids is highlighted and their therapeutic vs toxic potential is discussed. Neurochemical and neurophysiological studies will be reviewed with emphasis on the effects of the alkaloids in regions of the brain that have been implicated in pain transmission and generation of epileptic activity. Considering the chemical structure of the Aconitum alkaloids as well as their mechanism of action, a subdivision in three groups becomes obvious: the first group comprises such alkaloids which possess high toxicity due to two ester boundings at the diterpene skeleton. The members of this group activate voltage-dependent sodium channels already at resting potential and inhibit noradrenaline reuptake. Activation of sodium channels and in consequence excessive depolarization with final inexcitability and suppression of pain transmission account for their antinociceptive properties. The second group comprises less toxic monoesters which have been shown to possess strong antinociceptive, antiarrhythmic and antiepileptiform properties due to a blockade of the voltage-dependent sodium channel. Electrophysiological studies have revealed a use-dependent inhibition of neuronal activity by these alkaloids. They seem to be competitive antagonists of the group I-alkaloids. The third group of Aconitum alkaloids are lacking an ester side chain in the molecule. Toxicity is markedly reduced when compared with the two other groups. They fail to affect neuronal activity, but are reported to have antiarrhythmic actions suggesting that they may have different affinities to various subtypes of the alpha-subunit of the Na+ channel in brain and heart. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3766. Complementary therapy and infertility: an Icelandic perspective By Veal L From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (1998), 4(1), 3-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Complementary therapists take a more holistic view of inferitility treatment than do allopathic health professionals. Lifestyle and nutritional factors may be considered and possibly changed, and psychological and emotional problems such as stress will be treated. Hormonal imbalance in both sexes may be treated with Chinese herbal mixtures such as Hachimijiogan, herbs such as Vitex agnus-castus, or a blend of essential oils designed to treat amenorrhoea or scanty/irregular periods. Herbalists, practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine, aromatherpists, homeopaths and Ayurvedic practitioners all have a range of treatments for infertile people. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3767. In vivo antiinfluenza virus activity of Kampo medicine Sho-seiryu-to through mucosal immune system By Yamada H; Nagai T From Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology (1998), 20(3), 185-92, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 81 The Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, Sho-seiryu-to, which has traditionally been used for the treatment of colds and bronchial asthma, showed potent antiinfluenza A and B virus activity through augmentation of production of antiviral IgA antibody in the nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities of mice when administrated orally before viral infection. Sho-seiryu-to also showed antiinfluenza virus activity against A virus H1N1 subtype infected in aged mice (approximately 6 months old) with an increase of antiviral IgA antibody in the bronchoalveolar wash of the treated mice by similar administration. When mice infected with mouse nonadapted influenza A virus H3N2 subtype before 14 days were secondarily infected with mouse adapted A/PR/8 (H1N1) virus and administered Sho-seiryu-to orally after the second infection, replication of the virus in both nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities was significantly inhibited. Shoseiryu-to had no effect on the mice which were not primed with mouse nonadapted virus when administered after the infection of mouse-adapted A/PR/8 virus. Oral administration of Sho-seiryu-to caused increment of viral-specific IgA antibody secreting cells in mouse nasal lymphocyte. Sho-seiryu-to also augmented IL-2 receptor beta chain+ T-cells in Peyer's patch of the infected mice. Sho-seiryu-to also significantly reduced viral titer in the nasal washes of the infected ovalbumin-sensitized bronchial asthma model mice. Oral administration of Sho-seiryu-to before and after vaccination significantly augmented hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in the serum by nasal inoculation of influenza HA vaccine, and significantly augmented nasal antiviral IgA antibody and bronchoalveolar and serum antiviral IgG antibodies even after secondary vaccination although induction of antiviral antibody by intranasal vaccination was insufficient without Sho-seiryu-to. These results suggest that Sho-seiryu-to is able to prevent influenza virus infection by cross-protection of subtypes of influenza A virus and B virus. Sho-seiryu-to is also useful for the treatment of influenza virus infection in hosts with a history of influenza virus infection and/or influenza vaccination and allergic pulmonary inflammation, such as bronchial asthma, and can be used as an adjuvant to nasally inoculated influenza HA vaccine. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3768. The liver in traditional Chinese medicine By Chen T S; Chen P S From Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology (1998), 13(4), 437-42, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Medical thinkers in China visualized the liver in microcosmal and macrocosmal terms. An anatomical tradition did not exist, hence the liver was described grossly in broad outline. It was recognized as being functionally important in the movement of qi (vital energy) and storage of xue ('blood'). The liver corresponded to various phenomena in both the natural and social orders, according to the scheme of yin yang and five phases. These interrelationships provided the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of liver dysfunctions. The disorders fell into three general groups: (i) hepatic qi stasis; (ii) hepatic yang excess with yin deficiency; and (iii) hepatic yin insufficiency. The signs and symptoms represented the logical outcomes of the disturbed physiology. Acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal drugs were used to redress the imbalance of hepatic qi and yin-yang. The impact of Western medicine led traditional authors to recognize the hepatobiliary role in bile secretion and in jaundice. The exchange between the Western and Chinese medical traditions revealed that active agents were included in the Chinese formulary, such as glycyrrhizin, which has recently been shown to be beneficial in chronic viral hepatitis. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3769. Chinese medicine users in the United States. Part II: Preferred aspects of care By Cassidy C M From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (1998), 4(2), 189-202, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE OBJECTIVES: While a limited amount of data describe who seeks Chinese medicine care and for what conditions, there have been few attempts to explain what users think the care does for them, or why they value and "like" the care. This article presents such data via an analysis of a sample of 460 handwritten stories collected as part of a mixed quantitative qualitative survey of 6 acupuncture clinics in 5 states. RESULTS: Quantitative data collected in this survey (Part I) showed that respondents were highly satisfied with their Chinese medicine care. The qualitative analysis found that respondents valued relief of presenting complaints as well as expanded effects of care including improvements in physiological and psychosocial adaptivity. In addition, respondents reported enjoying a close relationship with their Chinese medicine practitioner, learning new things, and feeling more able to guide their own lives and care for themselves. While these factors mesh well with Chinese medicine theory, respondents did not reveal familiarity with that theory. Instead, their language and experiences indicate familiarity with an holistic model of healthcare--and they seem to have experienced Chinese medicine care as holistic care. CONCLUSIONS: This finding matters because it shows that respondents are not seeking an 'exotic' kind of healthcare, but are utilizing a homegrown, if nonmainstream, model of healthcare. The finding also matters because it shows that an holistic health delivery model is not only feasible, but currently exists in the United States: how Chinese medicine practitioners are trained, and how they subsequently deliver their care, could serve as a model for American healthcare reform. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 82 ~6 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3770. Folk belief, illness behavior and mental health in Taiwan By Wen J K From Changgeng yi xue za zhi / Changgeng ji nian yi yuan = Chang Gung medical journal / Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (1998), 21(1), 1-12, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In this paper, an overview of the literature relevant to the issues of illness behavior and help-seeking behavior in relation to mental health and illness, focusing on the Taiwan area is presented. Arguments for the prioritization and appreciation of the folk perspective of mental illness and health are addressed. The traditional medical beliefs in the Chinese culture that emphasize integration and continuity, instead of differentiation, of/between body and mind, person and nature, nature and super-nature, the visible (with form) and the invisible (without form), and yang and yin, have laid the basis for the theoretical framework of somatization as normative illness behavior rather than psychologization, and also dissociation as normative illness behavior rather than repression. A case report on folk psychotherapy is given here to illustrate the argument. The continuum models illustrated in this paper, either the shen-kuei syndrome in its broad sense extending from koro to neurasthenia, frigophobia or the spirit possession syndrome in its broad sense extending from the pathological and peripheral (Hsieh-ping) to the normative and ritual (shamanism), could well remind us of the powerful influence of the folk and popular contexts of culture that underlie illness behavior in relation to mental health in Taiwan. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3771. Health care systems in transition. II. Taiwan, Part I. A general overview of the health care system in Taiwan By Liu C T From Journal of public health medicine (1998), 20(1), 5-10, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3772. Research and development of cancer chemopreventive agents in China By Rui H From Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement (1997), 277-11, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Since the late 1970s, a comprehensive search for cancer chemopreventive agents has been established in our Institute. A series of new retinoids have been synthesized and screened on the basis of established methodologies of experimental chemoprevention in vitro as well as in vivo. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that N-4(carboxyphenyl)retinamide (RII) induces cell differentiation of HL-60 cells and inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis of the forestomach in mice, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced papilloma in mouse skin, and DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of the buccal pouch in Syrian golden hamsters. It significantly promoted lymphoblastic transformation and activated macrophages. In further studies, RII significantly inhibited ornithine decarboxylase activity. After 6 months of chronic toxicological studies in rats and dogs, RII was recommended for clinical trial. Phase II studies found that RII is effective in treating oral and vulvar leukoplakia. It is also effective in treating myelodysplastic syndrome and dysplasia of uterine cervix. The chalcone retinoidal compounds were discovered when the search for new retinoids with less toxicity and higher potency led to third-generation retinoids, which were synthesized and screened. Structure-activity relationship studies found that 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-4carboxyl chalcone (R9158) is the most active inhibitor of a variety of cancer cells. It has no effect on the Colony Forming Unit-Granulocyte/Macrophage (CFU-GM) of bone marrow in mice. In in vivo studies, R9158 showed a remarkable inhibition of chondrosarcoma in rats. It had no cross-resistance to vincristine, but was cross-resistant to all-trans retinoic acid. Red ginseng, a processed Panax ginseng, is considered a typical tonic in traditional Chinese medicine. Our studies demonstrated that red ginseng extract inhibited DMBA-induced skin papilloma significantly. Experiments showed that glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. It also inhibited epidermal ornithine decarboxylase as well as the rapid DNA damage induced by the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Our pharmacological studies demonstrated that Chinese gallotannin inhibited the malignant transformation of B[a]Pinduced V79 cells in vitro and B[a]P-induced pulmonary adenoma in A/J mice in vivo significantly. ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 83 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3773. Chromatography of medicinal plants and Chinese traditional medicines By Li F; Sun S; Wang J; Wang D From Biomedical chromatography : BMC (1998), 12(2), 78-85, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Applications of chromatographic techniques to medicinal plants and Chinese traditional medicines are outlined in this review. Areas involved are quantitation of active principles or index or principal components; quality evaluation of crude drugs; identification, characterization and preparative isolation of new compounds for medical use from plants; analysis of pharmaceutical preparations of plant origin and pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies of herbal drugs and their preparations. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3774. Current opinion of muco-active drug research: strategies and problems By Miyata T; Kai H; Isohama Y; Takahama K From The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology (1998), 11(2), 480-91, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In general, mucoactive drugs are classified into several groups. However, since many drugs have overlapping effects, it is difficult to classify the drugs into groups based on their major actions. It has been reported that many mucoactive drugs have antioxidant effects. It is reasonable to suggest that an anti-inflammatory property is crucial to demonstrate effectiveness in a clinical context. From this point of view, we have evaluated several mucoactive drugs over two decades. Of these, we will consider the following drugs with anti-inflammatory properties: sodium aceneuramate; glucocorticoids; traditional Chinese medicines; and new cysteine derivatives. On the basis of these findings, we believe that the efforts to seek for compatible actions between glucocorticoids and oriental medicines may provide new opportunities for development of ideal mucoactive drugs with specified actions, i.e. suppression of gene expression. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3775. Shiatsu By Stevensen C From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (1997), 3(6), 168-70, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Shiatsu is a deep and effective hands-on treatment for many conditions as well as being very relaxing and providing support for general health and well-being. Through the balancing of the body's energy, better physiological and psychological functioning can occur. Recommendations for diet and lifestyle based on traditional Chinese medicine theory can also be offered, according to individual need. The 3-year part-time training in shiatsu is demanding but enables the nurse using shiatsu to offer a particularly beneficial complementary therapy. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3776. Herbal medicines in Hawaii from tradition to convention By Norton S A From Hawaii medical journal (1998), 57(1), 382-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 84 The stories of kava and chaulmoogra demonstrate the importance of herbal products in ancient and recent Hawaiian medicine. Kava is a psychoactive beverage that has been used ceremonially for millennia throughout the Pacific. It is a nonfermented depressant that causes tranquil intoxication in which thoughts and memory remain clear. Its broad pharmacologic activity led to use in Hawaii to treat skin disorders and later in Germany to treat gonorrhea. Kava is now available outside the Pacific basin as a relaxant, emerging as a popular, albeit deritualized, natural product. In the late 19th century, the main treatment for leprosy was chaulmoogra, extracted from Hydnocarpus seeds. Chaulmoogra had been a traditional treatment for skin diseases in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine. Chaulmoogra from Asian markets was expensive and usually adulterated so the USDA decided to plant Hydnocarpus in Hawaii. Joseph Rock, a botanist at University of Hawaii, trekked through southeast Asia collecting fresh seeds to plant on Oahu. Rock's trees provided chaulmoogra for leprosy patients on Molokai and elsewhere until it was replaced by dapsone. Chaulmoogra, once the treatment for leprosy worldwide, is now nearly forgotten; kava, once poorly known outside the Pacific, is now a widely-used alternative medicine. Hawaii will probably continue its role in the transition of plants from traditional use to conventional use. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3777. Eating disorders in Japan: a review of the literature By Nogami Y From Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences (1997), 51(6), 339-46, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Although a form of eating disorders had been described by Kampo (Chinese traditional medicine) physicians during the last quarter of the 18th century, the modern study on eating disorders in Japan dates from the end of the 1950s. With the rapid increase in the number of cases, research activities have become very active recently. Both the past and present status of eating disorders and of research activities relating to them in Japan are not well known in other countries. This study concentrates on a review of the literature, with a focus on prevalence, etiology, and symptoms. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3778. Kudzu root: an ancient Chinese source of modern antidipsotropic agents By Keung W M; Vallee B L From Phytochemistry (1998), 47(4), 499-506, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is one of the earliest medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has many profound pharmacological actions including antidipsotropic (antialcohol abuse) activity. Although both the roots and flowers of kudzu, Radix and Flos puerariae, respectively, have been used to treat alcohol abuse safely and effectively in China for more than a millennium, their true efficacy, active constituents, sites and mechanisms of action have never been critically examined. Recently, we have demonstrated that a crude extract of Radix puerariae suppresses the free-choice ethanol intake of ethanol-preferring golden Syrian hamsters and have identified two of its isoflavones, daidzin and daidzein, that account for this effect. Since then, we and other investigators have confirmed these findings in rats that were either trained or genetically bred to prefer and consume large amounts of ethanol. This article summarizes recent progress on the pharmacological and biochemical studies of the antidipsotropic isoflavones isolated from Radix puerariae. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3779. The role of shiatsu in palliative care By Stevensen C From Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery (1995), 1(2), 51-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Shiatsu is a form of Japanese massage, working on the meridian system of the body; the energetic pathways along which the acupuncture points are placed. The theory for shiatsu is based in the system of traditional Chinese medicine, understood in China for over 2000 years. Shiatsu can be valuable for reintegrating the body, mind and spirit, helping with the general energy level of the body as well as specific symptoms. Its role in western palliative care is little studied to date. This paper explores the potential benefits of shiatsu in this setting and cites a case example where it has been beneficial. Feelings of deep relaxation, support and increased vitality are common following a shiatsu treatment. The method, strength and frequency of treatment can be varied to suit individual need. Shiatsu should be considered when thinking of complementary methods of support in palliative care. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 85 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3780. Complementary medicine: a review of immunomodulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicines By Borchers A T; Hackman R M; Keen C L; Stern J S; Gershwin M E From The American journal of clinical nutrition (1997), 66(6), 1303-12, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Popular demand for and scientific interest in complementary or alternative medicine, particularly medicinal botanicals, has increased considerably in recent years. The medicinal botanicals with the longest tradition, and for which extensive data are available, are Chinese herbal medicines and their Japanese counterparts--Kampo medicines. This review focuses on some representative examples of studies examining the effects of some traditional Chinese medicines on various aspects of the immune response. In vitro as well as in vivo studies are cited, the latter including not only animal experiments but also clinical trials. Although by no means exhaustive, this review attempts to show that much research has focused on the specific beneficial effects of Chinese herbal medicines. Studies examining the mechanisms by which they exert their immunomodulatory actions, however, are found much less frequently. Nonetheless, even the limited number of mechanistic experiments presented here reveal that numerous mechanisms are likely involved in the various actions of even a single medicine. It will be the elucidation of such mechanisms that will provide the scientific basis for establishing the efficacy and safety of not only Chinese herbal medicines but all forms of medicinal botanicals. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3781. Acupuncture in asthma and pulmonary disease: an analysis of efficacy and safety By Jobst K A From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (1996), 2(1), 179-206; discussion 207-10, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3782. Social context of complementary medicine in Western society, Part II: traditional Chinese medicine and HIV illness By Oubre A From Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (1995), 1(2), 161-85, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3783. Advances in treatment of epilepsy with traditional Chinese medicine By Wang Q From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1996), 16(3), 230-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3784. Recent development of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 86 By Shi D; Chen K From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1996), 16(4), 293-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3785. Analysis and counter measure prevention and treatment of osteoporosis with traditional Chinese medicine By Huang H C; Chen X H From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(8), 498500, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3786. Survey on modern researches of traditional Chinese medicine therapy of infantile nephrotic syndrome and its mechanism By Lu J; Li X M; Li Z J From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(7), 4446, 448, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3787. Traditional Chinese medicine for hemorrhage By Hobbs V From Midwifery today with international midwife (1997), (43), 30-4, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3788. Panax ginseng pharmacology: a nitric oxide link? By Gillis C N From Biochemical pharmacology (1997), 54(1), 1-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Panax ginseng is used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance stamina and capacity to cope with fatigue and physical stress. Major active components are the ginsenosides, which are mainly triterpenoid dammarane derivatives. The mechanisms of ginseng actions remain unclear, although there is an extensive literature that deals with effects on the CNS (memory, learning, and behavior), neuroendocrine function, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immune function, and the cardiovascular system. Reports are often contradictory, perhaps because the ginsenoside content of ginseng root or root extracts can differ, depending on the method of extraction, subsequent treatment, or even the season of its collection. Therefore, use of standardized, authentic ginseng root both in research and by the public is to be advocated. Several recent studies have suggested that the antioxidant and organ-protective actions of ginseng are linked to enhanced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in endothelium of lung, heart, and kidney and in the corpus cavernosum. Enhanced NO synthesis thus could contribute to ginseng-associated vasodilatation and perhaps also to an aphrodisiac action of the root. Ginseng is sold in the U.S. as a food additive and thus need not meet specific safety and efficacy requirements of the Food and Drug Administration. Currently, such sales amount to over $300 million annually. As public use of ginseng continues to grow, it is important for this industry and Federal regulatory authorities to encourage efforts to study the efficacy of ginseng in humans by means of appropriately designed double-blind clinical studies. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 87 ~18 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3789. Review and prospect of making blood-stasis animal model By Zhang W H; Zha L L From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(3), 1846, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3790. Modern research on the types of hypertension in traditional Chinese medicine By Xia Y S; Chen K J From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(4), 2524, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3791. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome--a challenge for dermatologists to participate in the field of oral medicine By Hornstein O P From The Journal of dermatology (1997), 24(5), 281-96, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a neuro-muco-cutaneous disorder involving remittently both the oro-facial innervation and muco-cutaneous tissues in a pathosis of complex origin characterized by recurrent edema, facial or other palsies, and nerval dysfunctions frequently associated with plicated tongue. Biopsies taken from the edematous tissues often reveal a temporary pattern of moderate epitheloid granulomatous inflammation scattered scarcely within remarkable tissue edema. However, this histological pattern is not a prerequisite for the diagnosis of MRS. The disease usually runs an intermittent and unpredictable course over years or decades and may have, if the edemas involve the tongue or the central nervous system, an ambiguous outcome. Greatly disfiguring oro-facial swellings often result from secondary persistence of the primarily recurrent edemas. A classification on grounds of different 'major' and 'minor signs' of MRS is proposed in the present paper. In recent years, novel therapeutic approaches involving either oral clofazimine or laser beam acupuncture (according to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine) have proven to be successful in some cases of MRS. Dermatology could play a larger role in oral medicine by taking diseases such as MRS into account in studies among specialties dealing with oro-facial pathoses. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3792. Historical development of Chinese dietary patterns and nutrition from the ancient to the modern society By Chen J D; Xu H From World review of nutrition and dietetics (1996), 79133-53, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 88 Actually, food, diet and diet therapy germinated together with the change of meal patterns and traditional Chinese medicine from very ancient China; they appeared in an embryonic form till the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and received great importance from the governors who arranged officials to manage their diets and banquets. Moreover, food, diet and meal patterns were replenished through the Zhou, Qin, Han and Jin Dynasties and epitomized and reached thriving and prosperous standards till the Tang Dynasty. They then became perfected, developed, and formed a complete theory in the dynasties of Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing. The basis of modern nutrition was made up until the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, which was the time when natural science, including microbiology, chemistry, food industry, etc. were extended into China, yet it was not fully formed until the established of the People's Republic of China. Practicing, teaching, training and research activities started regularly in 1950. With a big population and poor economy basis, the first problem that the Chinese people has now been basically solved. Chinese nutritional scientists worked hard to find out the nutritional problems and status of the people. Through the broad-scale 'Nationwide Nutrition Survey', we now understand our main problems. On this basis, RDA, dietary goal and dietary guidance have been put forward. Although the problem of adequate food and clothing has been basically solved, the Chinese are still facing both the problem of nutrition insufficiency and nutrition excess. However, although nutrition insufficiency and deficiency still extensively exist, nutrition excess and imbalance are emerging in other sections of the population. There is still a shortage of qualified nutritional scientists and technicians, and the training of nutritionists is urgent. Food supplies, including milk, beef, green vegetables and fruit should be increased, especially for some rural and remote areas. The good traditional eating habits and meal patterns should be kept, e.g., breakfast and lunch cannot be neglected, and plant protein meals and Chinese medicinal diets should be promoted. Animals fat intake and fried foods should be reduced, and exercise and fitness programs should be recommended for the overweight population. In the future, our meal pattern take on a mixed form with the advantages of both the eastern and western diets. Chinese scientists are confident of solving the nutritional problems and improving the whole nation's physical fitness and physique under the situation of gradual improvements of the economy and nutritional status of people. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3793. Functional food in China By Dai Y; Luo X From Nutrition reviews (1996), 54(11 Pt 2), S21-3, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3794. The eastern perspective on functional foods based on traditional Chinese medicine By Weng W; Chen J From Nutrition reviews (1996), 54(11 Pt 2), S11-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3795. Traditional Chinese medicine and treatment of neonatal jaundice By Ho N K From Singapore medical journal (1996), 37(6), 645-51, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 89 OBJECTIVE: Treatment with herbs may increase the risk of neonatal jaundice (NNJ). It is logical to look into the current practice in some hospitals in China where herbs are being used in the treatment of NNJ. It is also the purpose of this study to find out the chemical constituents and actions of the herbs, and the rationale of the treatment. METHODS: Twenty reports, from 1973 to 1989, from different parts of China, come in a published book and the paediatric journals written in the Chinese language. The Zhong Yao Da Zi Dian, an encyclopedia of Chinese materia medica, and other books on the pharmacology and applications of Chinese materia medica were also referred to in the study. FINDINGS: Yin-chen (oriental wormwood or Artemisia) was the most commonly used herbs for NNJ (95%). Others were Da-huang (rhubarb or Rheum officinale), Huang-qin (skullcap root or Scutellaria), Gan-cao (licorice or glycyrrhiza) and Huang-lian (goldthread rhizome or Copts chinesis). Huang-lian, which contains the alkaloid berberine, was used in 4 centers (20%). Berberine can cause severe acute hemolysis in babies with G6PD deficiency. Currently, Yin-chen comes as a decoction Artemisia composita and an intravenous preparation. These preparations have potential central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicities. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese herbs have many pharmacological substances and therefore multiple actions. In recent years, Chinese herbs are used in conjunction with "Western" drugs, rendering the study of the effects of herbs on NNJ extremely difficult. The efficacy and safety of phototherapy for NNJ have been firmly established, thus diminishing the need for drug treatment. What is the present day role, therefore, of herbal medicine for NNJ? Is there a place for further research of these herbal medicines? ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3796. The difficulty in handling poisonings associated with Chinese traditional medicine: a poison control center experience for 1991-1993 By Deng J F; Lin T J; Kao W F; Chen S S From Veterinary and human toxicology (1997), 39(2), 106-14, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The purpose of this prospective case series was to outline the characteristics of Chinese traditional medicine poisonings and develop essential information for poison prevention and management. All phone inquiries made to the Poison Center related to Chinese traditional medicines from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1993 were included. Standardized questionnaires were used to capture relevant information. Among the 318 phone inquiries about Chinese traditional medicines, 273 cases were classified as poisonings; and 22 mortalities occurred (6.9%). All of the poisonings occurred because of suicide attempts, accidents, or erroneous or improper use or processing. In our study, 47% of the potential toxic effects of Chinese traditional medicines were either unknown or could not be found in the literature. There existed undefinable uncertainty in attributing the clinical effects to the exposures to Chinese traditional medicines. We recommend that the strategy in handling Chinese traditional medicine poisonings to decrease mortality should be comprised of confirmation of the generic name of the substances and the specific part of the plant used, awareness of improper processing methods, maintenance of records on a broad review of systems and laboratory data, identification of active principles and potential interactions among the individual active agents; verification of histopathologic effects of the toxins; development of information on toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics; intensive supportive care for poisoned patients, and investigation of potential antidotes. There are several regulatory options available to health authorities to control the unrestricted use of these potentially toxic medicines and to help safeguard the public. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3797. Alternative therapies for asthma By Ziment I From Current opinion in pulmonary medicine (1997), 3(1), 61-71, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Many traditional drugs and techniques are gaining popularity in the treatment of asthma, although scientific proof of their value is usually inadequate. Alternative remedies, including herbs and nonmedication management techniques, have not been shown to be useful primary measures, but they still appeal to patients who feel unsatisfied with orthodox medicines. Dietary modification may be worth considering; evidence suggests that salt reduction and magnesium supplementation have value in reducing asthmatic symptoms. The evidence on the role of steroid-sparing agents is not encouraging, but administering steroids once a day in the mid-afternoon may provide benefit. New aerosol techniques are appearing, but judgement is needed to select the best device for each medication as well as for each patient. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 90 3798. Concepts related to Chinese patients' perceptions of health, illness and person: issues of conceptual clarity By Shih F J From Accident and emergency nursing (1996), 4(4), 208-15, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Since most health professionals who care for Chinese patients are trained using Western medical educational systems, they are often unaware of the complex Chinese culture that influences their patients' responses to care. Discrepancies often exist between health professionals' and Chinese patients' perceptions of health and evaluations of the quality of care. In order to provide culturally sensitive care for this population, the complex Chinese traditional philosophies, such as the theory of yin and yang and the five phases, as well as the philosophies related to the concept of personhood including Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are examined first. This is because these theories and philosophies not only influence Chinese patients' values and beliefs, but also determine their perceptions of health, illness and nursing care. The discussion of implications for surgical cardiovascular nursing practice for this particular population are followed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3799. Chemical constituents of original plants of Cimicifugae rhizoma in Chinese medicine By Sakurai N; Nagai M From Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (1996), 116(11), 850-65, Language: Japanese, Database: MEDLINE Cimicifugae Rhizoma have been used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic remedy in the traditional Chinese medicines. Many 9,19-cyclolanostane glycosides have been isolated from Cimicifuga and related genera. Two biogenetically key compounds, acetylshengmanol xyloside and cimicifugoside H-1, were isolated and their chemical structures were elucidated by our group. The former compound seems to be the parent component of the other glycosides such as cimigenol xyloside from C. dahurica, C. iaponica and C. acerina. The latter glycoside, cimicifugoside H-1 was isolated together with cimicifugosides H-2-H-6 from commercial Cimicifugae Rhizoma. They are novel glycosides having a hydroxyl group ay C-11, and cimicifugosides H-3, H-4 and H-6 were trinor-triterpenol glycosides. Cimicifugoside H-1 changed into H-2, H-3 and H-4 under acidic or alkaline conditions. In this review, the structure elucidation of the above glycosides and their chemical transformation into other Cimicifuga glycosides are described. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3800. Perspective and overview of Chinese traditional medicine and contemporary pharmacology By Way E L; Liu Y Q; Chen C F From Progress in drug research. Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung. Progres des recherches pharmaceutiques (1996), 47131-64, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3801. Studies on bioactive saponins from Chinese medicinal plants By Xu R; Zhao W; Xu J; Shao B; Qin G From Advances in experimental medicine and biology (1996), 404371-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 91 In our recent studies on bioactive saponins, two Chinese medicinal plants: Mussaenda pubescens Ait.f (Rubiaceae) and Clematis chinensis Osbeck (Ranunculaceae), were investigated. Of the two medicinal plants, M. pubescens is a Chinese folk medicine which has been used as a diuretic, antiphlogistic, diaphoretic and antipyretic agent, and has also been used to detoxify mushroom poisons and to terminate early pregnancy. Clematis chinensis is a Chinese traditional medicine which has been used as an analgesic, diuretic, antitumor, antiinflammatory and insecticidal agent for ages. As a result of our studies, eighteen saponins were identified from M. pubescens, among which seventeen were new compounds, while eleven saponins were isolated from C. chinensis, three of which were new compounds. In the course of our structural studies, mass fragment analysis in FAB-mass spectra and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were used to determine the structures of the sapogenin and oligosaccharide moieties. In those more complicated and minor saponins, various 2D-NMR experiments were carried out on 400-, 500- or 600-MHz NMR instruments, which permitted the identification of new sapogenins in glycoside form. In addition, it was also possible to assign all the proton and carbon signals of the sugar units on the basis of 1H-1H DQF COSY, TOCSY and HMQC spectra, which further permitted the establishment of linkage sites and sequences among the sugar units and aglycones by means of NOESY, ROESY and HMBC spectra. When the proton signals of sugar units are overlapped seriously in 1H-NMR spectra, peracetylation is a very helpful technique which can spread proton signals in wider range, thus simplifying their assignment by means of 2D-NMR spectra. When some of the sugar proton signals of a peracetylate are also overlapped coincidentally, alternation of deuterated solvents for measuring NMR spectra can circumvent the difficulties. Pharmacological tests indicated that mussaendoside O, the most abundant saponin from M. pubescens, can inhibit significantly the secretions of the lachrymal and salivary glands induced by galanthamine, and can also inhibit the contraction of the isolated longitudinal muscle strip from guinea pig ileum evoked by an M-Ach receptor agonist (carbachol, 10(-6) M) at concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5) M. From these results, the saponin should be an antagonist of the M-Ach receptor, and was presumed to be responsible for its antitoxicity activity toward some mushroom poisons of medicinal plant origin. In addition, mussaendoside O also showed immunopromotive and hemolytic activities. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3802. Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of asthma and allergies By But P; Chang C From Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology (1996), 14(3), 253-69, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3803. Vascular effects of selected antihypertensive drugs derived from traditional medicinal herbs By Kwan C Y From Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. Supplement (1995), 22(1), S297-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE 1. The pharmacological actions of the active ingredients extracted or purified from two selected traditional Chinese medicinal plants on vascular smooth muscles are briefly reviewed. The active ingredients of these herbal drugs include tetrandrine (TET) and total ginseng saponins (TGS). These natural products have been clinically used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to their vasodilatory and antihypertensive actions. 2. Studies from this laboratory have confirmed previously reported characteristics of these drugs as Ca2+ antagonists in vascular tissues. On the other hand, they also elicited inhibitory effects in response to a wide variety of receptor stimulations as indicated by contractility studies using isolated vascular tissues and radioligand binding studies using isolated subcellular membranes. 3. TET has been demonstrated as an effective but not very selective Ca2+ antagonist. Other than the vasodilatory action on arteries and veins, TET also shows a vasoconstrictive effect in veins. 4. TGS from panax notoginseng may be acting as a novel and selective Ca2+ antagonist that does not interact with the L-type Ca2+ channel (e.g. in KCl-induced contraction) but may interact with the putative receptor operated Ca2+ channel (e.g. in phenylephrine-induced contraction). TGS from panax quinquefolium, on the other hand, enhanced the vasoconstrictor effect produced by phenylephrine, but not KCl. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3804. Acupuncture: where East meets West SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 92 By Schulte E From RN (1996), 59(10), 55-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3805. Cardiovascular protection by ginsenosides and their nitric oxide releasing action By Chen X From Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology (1996), 23(8), 728-32, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE 1. In an animal model in vivo, ginsenosides (GS), saponins from Panax ginseng, were shown to protect against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion damage with concomitant increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and decreased lipid peroxidation. 2. In perfused rabbit lung in situ and isolated rabbit aortic rings, GS protected the pulmonary and aortic endothelium against electrolysis-induced free radical injury. Purified components of GS, Rb1 and especially Rg1, relaxed pulmonary vessels and this effect was eliminated by nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. 3. In cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells, GS enhanced the conversion of [14C]-L-arginine to [14C]-L-citrulline, indicating an increased release of NO. 4. As the neurotransmitter inducing penile erection, NO release was shown to be enhanced by GS in rabbit corpus cavernosum (CC) in vitro. Ginsenosides enhanced both acetylcholine-induced and transmural nerve stimulation-activated relaxation associated with increased tissue cGMP. The latter effect was eliminated by tetrodotoxin and was associated with decreased tissue cGMP. Ginsenoside-enhanced CC relaxation was attenuated by nitro-L-arginine and oxyhaemoglobin, and enhanced by superoxide dismutase. 5. It is postulated that cardiovascular protection by GS may be partly mediated by the release of NO, a potent antioxidant, and that the GS-enhanced release of NO from endothelial cells, especially from perivascular nitric oxidergic nerves in the CC, may partly account for the aphrodisiac effect of Panax ginseng used in traditional Chinese medicine. ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3806. Acupuncture. A review By Hsu D T From Regional anesthesia (1996), 21(4), 361-70, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acupuncture plays an important role in today's multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of pain. Its initial use, around the fifth century B.C., was based on the fundamentals of traditional Chinese medicine. Because of the lack of sound, supportive scientific data, the validity of such practice is controversial. METHODS: A general review of this subject is presented including the history and classical theory behind acupuncture, needling techniques, precautions and complications, and types of acupuncture. Furthermore, in search of more scientific data, a review of several basic and clinical research articles was undertaken to evaluate a possible scientific basis for the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia. Problems and limitations of adequately designed clinical trials were also addressed. RESULTS: Several lines of evidence support the endorphin-mediated mechanism of acupuncture analgesia. High- or low-frequency stimulation induced by electrical acupuncture has been shown to release different types of endorphins. To date, there are flaws in the conventional, scientific, clinical research methods applied to the evaluation of acupuncture practice for treatment of pain. Some guidelines and suggestions for future clinical trials are presented. CONCLUSION: Scientific data on acupuncture have been accumulating over the years, but further adequately designed clinical studies are necessary to provide additional validity for this treatment modality. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3807. Medical applications of qigong By Sancier K M From Alternative therapies in health and medicine (1996), 2(1), 40-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This article reviews selected studies of medical applications of Chinese qigong. The review centers on clinical and experimental studies to show that qigong exercise can beneficially affect many functions of the body and improve health. The studies, some conducted in depth, were selected to illustrate that medical applications of qigong are diverse and that many applications could improve Western healthcare. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 93 ~4 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3808. Acupuncture treatment for insomnia and acupuncture analgesia By Lin Y From Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences (1995), 49(2), 119-20, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture is a simple and useful treatment for insomnia, with a success rate of around 90%. The acupuncture points applied vary depending on the doctor and on the case, but the usual points are Shenmen (HT7) and Anmien (extrapoint). The mechanism of this treatment has not been well elucidated. Acupuncture analgesia may be used as a great indicator, because in both practices needles are inserted in deep tissues as the common stimulation. The possible neuronal integration and transmitter effect in the acupuncture treatment for insomnia are discussed. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3809. Sleep disorders in Chinese culture: experiences from a study of insomnia in Taiwan By Lee Y J From Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences (1995), 49(2), 103-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Traditional Chinese culture-constituted health beliefs continue to influence the Taiwanese people after more than one hundred years of contact with Western medicine. Medicine for sleep disorders, as well as psychiatric medicine, meets some specific difficulties in the professional development. A study of insomnia in Taiwan showed that patients might seek help from a traditional physician and visit a modern hospital at the same stage of medication. General internists and neurologists help to differentiate organic conditions underlying sleep problems but may generalize insomnia to a psychogenic illness. The culture-conditioned attribution of insomnia could also exert certain effects upon pharmacotherapeutic response. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3810. The status quo and prospect of experimental study on channel tropism of Chinese herbal drugs By Liang A; Xue B From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (1996), 21(1), 58-60, inside back cover, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE The assay of metabolism and distribution of effective components of Chinese herbal drugs, microelement assay, pharmacodynamic assay and cAMP, cGMP assay are the essential methods usually used in the experimental study of channel tropism of Chinese herbal drugs. The problems of each method as well as the points for attention in the experimental study of channel tropism are discussed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3811. Research on plasma TXA2, PGI2 levels, blood stasis syndrome and promoting blood circulation By Li H From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1995), 15(11), 7014, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 94 3812. Progress in the treatment of coronary heart disease with antioxidant of integrated traditional Chinese medicineWestern medicine By Li A C; Huang Z From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(1), 61-3, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3813. Survey on experimental studies on traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic renal failure By Wang L; Wang M Z From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(1), 5860, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3814. Progress in studies of chronic exhaustion syndrome and its traditional Chinese medicine therapy By Yu F T From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1995), 15(12), 7514, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3815. Analysis of the pulse harmonic frequency spectrum. A new method of pulse study of traditional Chinese medicine By Zhang X C; Wang W G; Cheng R Z From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1995), 15(12), 7435, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3816. Exploration of clinical study of antileukemia cell drug-resistance by traditional Chinese medicine By Li D; Yang S L; Lian B From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1995), 15(10), 6367, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3817. A critical review of Chinese Koro SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 95 By Cheng S T From Culture, medicine and psychiatry (1996), 20(1), 67-82, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Koro is generally considered a culture-bound psychiatric syndrome, the dominant feature of which is anxiety or dissociation. A close examination of koro epidemics in China, where koro cases appear to be more frequent than other parts of the world, shows that koro has a sociocultural component which has not been sufficiently taken into account in previous formulations. This article analyzes koro in the natural environment in which it appears and dispels the notion of koro being individual psychopathology. Koro, at least the way it is manifested in China, is a social malady maintained by cultural beliefs which affect the whole community and not just those diagnosed with it. Further directions for research into the subject are discussed. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3818. The definition and classification of Koro By Chowdhury A N From Culture, medicine and psychiatry (1996), 20(1), 41-65, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Attempts at defining and classifying Koro have been undertaken by various researchers over at least the last fifty years without any consensus emerging to date. The occurrence of Koro, not only in different parts of the world but also in association with varied morbidities, has of late diluted its primary identity as a culture-bound syndrome. Further, the DSM-IIIR and ICD-10 provisions to include culture-bound syndromes like Koro are open to various diagnostic options. Consideration was given to have it included in DSM-IV. One of the fundamental problems inherent in such attempts is the semantic confusion Koro generates in its basic phenomenological analysis. The present paper deals with some of these issues based on historical analysis of world Koro literature, and with comments on the future research agendum. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3819. Progress in the studies on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation of chronic glomerulonephritis with laboratory findings By Liu H W; Qi W S From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1996), 16(2), 1268, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3820. Taking the path of combining traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine in cancer research and control By Yu R From Chinese medical journal (1995), 108(10), 732-3, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3821. The language of acupuncture: should Western physicians learn it? By Erickson J K From The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha (1995), 58(4), 21-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 96 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3822. Chinese Confucian culture and the medical ethical tradition By Guo Z From Journal of medical ethics (1995), 21(4), 239-46, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The Confucian culture, rich in its contents and great in its significance, exerted on the thinking, culture and political life of ancient China immense influences, unparalleled by any other school of thought or culture. Confucian theories on morality and ethics, with 'goodness' as the core and 'rites' as the norm, served as the 'key notes' of the traditional medical ethics of China. The viewpoints of Confucianism on benevolence and material interests, on good and evil, on kindheartedness, and on character cultivation were all inherited by the medical workers and thus became prominent in Chinese traditional medical ethics. Hence, it is clear that the medical profession and Confucianism have long shared common goals in terms of ethics. Influenced by the excellent Confucian thinking and culture, a rather highly-developed system of Chinese traditional medical ethics emerged with a well-defined basic content, and the system has been followed and amended by medical professionals of all generations throughout Chinese history. This system, just to mention briefly, contains concepts such as the need: to attach great importance to the value of life; to do one's best to rescue the dying and to heal the wounded; to show concern to those who suffer from diseases; to practise medicine with honesty; to study medical skills painstakingly; to oppose a careless style of work; to comfort oneself in a dignified manner; to respect local customs and to be polite; to treat patients, noble or humble, equally, and to respect the academic achievements of others, etc. Of course, at the same time, Confucian culture has its own historical and class limitations, which exerted negative influences on traditional medical ethics. Now, if we are to keep up with the development of modern medicine, a serious topic must be addressed. That is how to retain the essence of our traditional medical ethics so as to maintain historic continuity and yet, at the same time, add on the new contents of medical ethics so as to incorporate modern features into our system. Therefore, when trying to reform medical practice in China, we are faced with the urgent need to inherit and promulgate the essence of Confucian ethics--discarding its obsolete concepts--while at the same time building up the new medical ethics that can meet the requirements of the outside world and the future. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3823. Recent advances in pharmacognosy research in China By Wang Z T; Ng T B; Xu G J From General pharmacology (1995), 26(6), 1211-24, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE 1. Progress made in pharmacognostic research by Chinese investigators in the last decade is summarized herein. 2. This review covers studies on herbal properties, resources, identification, physicochemical evaluation, cultivation, breeding, tissue culture, collection, processing, preparation, active principles and pharmacological activities of traditional and herbal Chinese drugs. 3. As a result of these research activities errors in species identification were spotted, new drug resources were revealed, new taxa were discovered, crude drugs were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, optimal conditions for cultivation and breeding of plants and animals used as drugs were formulated, the quality of some drugs was controlled, the drug processing procedures and storage conditions were evaluated, and the chemistry and pharmacology of a number of crude drugs were elucidated. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3824. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine By Zhu Y P; Woerdenbag H J From Pharmacy world & science : PWS (1995), 17(4), 103-12, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, and massage are the three major constituent parts of traditional Chinese medicine. Although acupuncture is well known in many Western countries, Chinese herbal medicine, the most important part of traditional Chinese medicine, is less well known in the West. This article gives a brief introduction to the written history, theory, and teaching of Chinese herbal medicine in China. It also describes modern scientific research into and the quality control of Chinese herbal medicines in China. Some examples of how new drugs derived from Chinese herbs have been developed on the basis of traditional therapeutic experience are presented. Finally, the situation of Chinese herbal medicine in the West is discussed. ~1 Citing SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 97 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3825. Progress in traditional Chinese medicine By Chan K From Trends in pharmacological sciences (1995), 16(6), 182-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Recently, traditional chinese medicine (TCM) natural products have been used to produce impressive responses in atopic eczema and related dermatological disorders that have proved resistant to orthodox treatments. The increasing popularity of TCM natural products has also produced fear about their toxicity and uncertainty about their ingredients. In the western world, very little is known of the efficacy and safety of TCM, and the legal responsibilities of practitioners are undefined. In this article Kelvin Chan overviews the TCM practitioners' concepts of how TCM natural products work and attempts to suggest the pharmacological interpretation of their mechanisms of action. The future of TCM is discussed by critically assessing the authenticity, quality, toxicity and clinical efficacy of these natural products. ~2 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3826. Progress in the study of bronchial asthma with traditional Chinese medicine By Li C S; Wang W C; Shen G N From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1995), 15(3), 18991, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3827. Recent progress in the study of free radicals in traditional Chinese medicine By Xu P H; Zhao J H; Li S X From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1995), 15(3), 1858, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3828. Progress in the study in treating senile dementia with traditional Chinese medicine By Chen K; Chen K J From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1995), 15(2), 1203, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3829. Progress of modern research on tumor blood stasis syndrome and its treatment with the method of promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis By Qi Y From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1995), 15(1), 68-76, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 98 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3830. Prospect for study on treatment of AIDS with traditional Chinese medicine By Lu W From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1995), 15(1), 3-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE In this paper, studies on single Chinese medicinal herbs, composite prescriptions, and their active principles, which have been used against HIV both in China and abroad, are highlighted; and the results from clinical treatment of 158 HIV infected patients performed by a China-Tanzania Coordinating Group are also reported. Six of the patients displayed seronegative conversion and remained so in the follow-up for 10 to 15 months. The author assumes that the prescriptions and drugs strengthening the patients' resistance could enhance the efficacy of AIDS treatment. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3831. Progress of traditional Chinese medicine treatment on infantile pneumonia By An X X From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(12), 75860, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3832. Gastric mucosal stasis of gastropathy--the progress in the study of microcirculatory disturbance By Luo Z L; Pan B R; Chen Y From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(11), 7034, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3833. Progress in the study of traditional Chinese medicine in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura By Yang Y F; Zhou A X; Ma R From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(11), 699702, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3834. Studies on chemical radioprotectors against X-irradiation used by soft X-ray accelerator By Shinoda M From Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (1995), 115(1), 24-41, Language: Japanese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 99 This review describes the modes of mice radiation injuries induced by soft X-irradiation under various conditions and the protective effects of several kinds of substances on these injuries. The models of radiation injuries in this study were bone marrow death after lethal irradiation, skin damage induced by irradiation with long length soft X-ray and leukocytopenia in the peripheral blood after sublethal irradiation. Two bioassay methods were established for the survival effect on the lethal irradiation and protective potency on the skin damage induced by soft X-irradiation. The protective potencies of various sulfur compounds, related compounds of ferulic acid, nucleic acid constitutional compounds, crude drugs and chinese traditional medicines were determined and then many effective drugs were recognized. Effective components in the methanol extracts of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aloe arborescens recognized as radioprotectable were fractionated. As a result of these studies, it was observed that the active principles in Cnidii Rhizoma were identified as ferulic acid and adenosine. The scavenge action of active oxygens, a protective effect on the damages of deoxyribonucleic acid and superoxide dismutase by in vitro soft X-irradiation were evaluated as radiation protective mechanisms. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3835. Pathogenesis of renal proteinuria based on the traditional Chinese medicine and exploration in its prescriptions with modern pharmacology By Pan Z B; Liu J; Huang L J From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(9), 5713, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3836. Progress on study of anaphylactic purpura treated with traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia medica By Li X M From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(6), 37980, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3837. A survey of clinical application of method for reinforcing kidney and activating blood By Zhang X Q From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(6), 3768, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3838. The application of traditional Chinese medicine to the management of hepatic cancerous pain By Wang G; Sun G; Tang W; Pan X From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1994), 14(2), 132-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The authors summarized the application of traditional Chinese medicine to the management of hepatic cancerous pain in Beijing and Shanghai, and in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces. The therapeutic principle was to invigorate blood circulation and reduce stasis and to soothe the liver and regulate qi, so as to dredge the channels and collaterals. The results were satisfactory. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 100 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3839. Recent advances in studies on traditional Chinese anti-aging materia medica By Chen K; Li C From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1994), 14(2), 128-31, concl, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3840. Current status and prospects on traditional Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of leukemia By Shi X P; Zhang T F From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(7), 4468, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3841. Assessment for quality of life and its application in area of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine By Xie Y M From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(5), 3168, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3842. Integrating traditional medicine into modern health care systems: examining the role of Chinese medicine in Taiwan By Chi C From Social science & medicine (1982) (1994), 39(3), 307-21, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Since the World Health Organization officially promoted traditional medicine in developing countries in 1978, there have been increasing interests among developing countries in integrating traditional medicine into a national health care system. Most of these policies, however, tend to be the policy of coexistence instead of integration. This paper focuses on the rationale, strategies, and process of integrating traditional medicine into a modern health care system by using the experience of Chinese medicine in Taiwan as an example. After briefly describing the changing roles of Chinese medicine in Taiwan, the author critically reviews the government policies and regulations on Chinese medicine. Research findings and government statistics on the demand and supply of Chinese medicine are also described to provide some insights for developing recommendations for an appropriate integration policy. To effectively integrate traditional medicine into a modern health care system, this paper suggests that such integration should begin at the grass roots level, that is with the training of physicians and practitioners. A successful, integrated health care system would facilitate more efficient use of domestic medical resources, and enhance self-sufficiency in health development for resource poor countries. Integrating traditional medicine into a modern health care system, moreover, can benefit industrialized nations as well. After recommending several strategies for integration, the author proposes a further development of a unified medical system as the final stage of full integration. This unified medical system should be an inclusive medical system, which could help countries to expand the available medical resources. ~4 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 101 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3843. Recent progress in the study of anticancer drugs originating from plants and traditional medicines in China By Han R From Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih / Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1994), 9(1), 61-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Drugs of plant origin have received much attention due to their enormous potential for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Recent progress in the study of anticancer drugs originating from plants and traditional medicines in China is reviewed in this paper, with particular emphasis on taxol, daidzein, acetyl boswellic acid, curcumin and ginsenosid Rh2. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3844. Quality of clinical trials of Chinese herbal drugs, a review of 314 published papers By Yu G P; Gao S W From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1994), 14(1), 50-2, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE The study was based on a review of clinical trials for herbal drugs published in various journals. Three journals selected were Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (JITWM), Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (JTCM), and a provincial Journal of Traditional Medicine (JTM). In order to reflect different levels of the journal, each paper of the clinical trials of herbal drugs in the above-mentioned journals during the survey years, 1991, 1987 and 1980 (or 1981) was reviewed using a standard checklist and quantified through a score system. A total of 314 paper were reviewed, in which 179 in 1991, 82 in 1987, and 53 in 1980 and 1981. Controlled trials were found in 86% of JITWM, 40.8% of JTCM, and 26.8% of JTM in 1991. Although there was an increased trend in the use or randomized trials, it still showed a lower proportion, respectively 52.9% in JITWM, 36.0% in JTCM, and 11.1% in JTM. We found that the quality of clinical trials in JITWM was the first, JTCM the second, JTM the third and showed a gradually improved trend with time. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3845. The efficacy of traditional Chinese herbal therapy in atopic eczema By Latchman Y; Whittle B; Rustin M; Atherton D J; Brostoff J From International archives of allergy and immunology (1994), 104(3), 222-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE A traditional Chinese herbal therapy (Zemaphyte) for the treatment of atopic eczema (AE) is currently being assessed. This review attempts to highlight its success in patients who are recalcitrant to Western forms of treatment and the rationale behind its use. The herbal preparation is a mixture of 10 herbs with some known pharmacological agents and actions. The concept of such a complex mixture in clinical treatment is anathema to Western medicine but acceptable in traditional Chinese medicine. As this formation has been shown to be effective in two double-blind crossover trials, investigative work on components from the mixture must be established in order to find the active constituent(s) and describe their mode of action. This research will also lead to a greater understanding of the complex immunopathology of AE. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3846. Quality assessment of the traditional Chinese medicine by chemical recognition By Luo X; Bi K S; Wang X; Zhou L; Cheng G; Qiao Y J; Wang A M From Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica (1993), 28(12), 936-40, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 102 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3847. New therapeutic approaches in atopic dermatitis By Cooper K D From Clinical reviews in allergy (1993), 11(4), 543-59, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Novel approaches to the therapy for atopic dermatitis (AD) can now be considered because of recent advances in the pathogenesis of the disease. Several of these concepts are being tested in clinical trials. The effectiveness of cyclosporin A, plus reports of adoptive transfer of AD, or its clearing, following bone marrow transplantation, verify the criticalness of immune cells in AD pathogenesis. Thus, there is renewed interest in immunosuppressives, such as azathioprine and methotrexate, as well as new adhesion molecule and T-cell activation inhibitors. Therapy with the Tcell lymphokine, interferon-gamma, or the thymic hormone, thymopentin, is designed to inhibit the IL-4-dominated response of AD T-cells. This approach, rather than directly suppressing all immune responsiveness, represents a more specific targeting to improve the balance of a chronically disordered immune response. Recent findings of a therapeutic advantage of longer-wavelength phototherapy over UVB therapy may relate to specific immunologic events following UVB vs UVA photoinjury that are critical to the exacerbation of AD. Complex herbal mixtures used in traditional Chinese medicine are currently being evaluated, but toxicity and palatability may be limiting. Other dietary approaches, such as modifying the lipid balance, have generally not had much benefit. Because the safety and efficacy of the above treatments need further exploration, the physician must continue to utilize fundamental methods, such as mitigating trigger factors (i.e., microbes and stress, and certain foods in persons with documented sensitivity), on improving the abnormal epidermal lipid barrier to irritation, and on reducing cutaneous inflammation with mild topical steroids. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3848. Progress on treatment of coronary heart disease with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine By Li S P From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1993), 13(12), 7557, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3849. The functional background in acupuncture effects By Andersson S From Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. Supplement (1993), 2931-60, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3850. Psoriasis in China By Lin X R From The Journal of dermatology (1993), 20(12), 746-55, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This paper presents a review of the epidemiology, the frequency of HLA antigen, the special clinical forms, the associations, and the treatment of psoriasis in China. Special attention is paid to the practice of treating psoriasis with traditional Chinese medicine and combinations of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 103 3851. Progress on combined traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapy in treating sudden deafness By Zhu M M From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1993), 13(10), 6346, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3852. Recent cardiovascular drugs from Chinese medicinal plants By Sutter M C; Wang Y X From Cardiovascular research (1993), 27(11), 1891-901, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE This paper describes the pharmacology of some recent cardiovascular drugs derived from plants used in Chinese traditional medicine. The groups of compounds discussed are benzylisoquinolines (several), tetrahydropyrazine (also called ligustrazine), rhynchophylline and hirsutine, ginkgolides and other PAF inhibitors, coumarins, and ginsenosides, plus a miscellaneous group; approximately 30 substances in all. The plant sources and the pharmacology are indicated for the drugs in each group. By far the most studied compounds are the benzylisoquinolines, especially tetrandrine. The types of pharmacological activity recently described for cardiovascular drugs from plants include calcium antagonism, adrenoceptor antagonism, antagonism of platelet activating factor (PAF), and the ability to act as antioxidants. Hundreds of chemicals have been isolated and identified as constituents of thousands of plants but the basic and clinical pharmacology is known for only a handful of these drugs. Much more research is needed, especially with regard to the pharmacology, both basic and clinical, of the pure chemicals derived from plants. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3853. Recent development of prevention on asthma with traditional Chinese medicine By Xu D S From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1993), 13(5), 3112, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3854. Radioimmunoassay analysis in traditional Chinese medical and pharmaceutical studies By Zhu Y From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1993), 13(5), 30810, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3855. Progress of studies on relation between kidney and ear in traditional Chinese medicine By Zeng Z L From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1993), 13(2), 11921, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 104 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3856. Clinical characteristics and exploration of traditional Chinese medicine By Wu J P; Chen K J From Zhonghua yi xue za zhi (1993), 73(2), 119-21, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3857. Traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine in chronic myelitis By Zhang Z P From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1992), 12(11), 7024, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3858. Research of cellular membrane fluidity and traditional Chinese medicine By Tan Y Z From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1992), 12(11), 699701, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3859. An analysis of Hong Kong's health policy By Brewer B From Journal of health & social policy (1993), 4(3), 93-114, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3860. Improving oral health through understanding the meaning of health and disease in a Chinese culture By Lee K L; Schwarz E; Mak K Y From International dental journal (1993), 43(1), 2-8, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 105 Advances in modern technology have undoubtedly been of benefit to dentistry in its preventive and curative activities for populations worldwide. Studies, mainly from Western societies, show nonetheless that utilisation of services or adoption of preventive methods are not taken up at satisfactory levels. The focus of this paper is on the special problems in a Chinese society where major differences exist between the traditional lay health concepts and the modernised professional ones. Traditional Chinese health concepts comprise the balance between and interaction of 'Yin' and 'Yang', the vital forces in both the universe and in man's body, as the basis for maintaining health. To restore a disturbed equilibrium of vital forces, which will manifest itself as disease, a range of dietary products are available in Hong Kong, for example cooling herb tea to reduce fire from the stomach producing gum disease. Seeking dental treatment from dentists could be delayed or made 'unnecessary' due to reliance on home remedies. This could reduce the effectiveness of any planned health education activities and dental services available for improving the oral health status of the community according to prevailing Western concepts. An understanding of the cultural meaning of dental disease is fundamental to changing beliefs and attitudes of people in order to improve the oral health of the community. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3861. A survey of the treatment of traumatic paraplegia by traditional Chinese medicine By Wang H From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1992), 12(4), 296-303, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3862. Progress on use of ultrasonic imaging in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine integrated research By Wang X M From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1992), 12(8), 5102, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3863. Bioactivity of neolignans from fructus Schizandrae By Li X Y From Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (1991), 86 Suppl 231-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Fructus Schizandrae sinensis Baill, a traditional Chinese medicine, used as tonic and sedative, has been shown at the beginning of 70's to lower the elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of patients suffering from chronic viral hepatitis. During past 20 years, a series of neolignans have been isolated and identified as effective principles. Pharmacological studies revealed that they increased liver protein and glycogen synthesis, antagonized liver injuries from CCl4 and thioacetamide. The mechanism of SGPT lowering was considered as a hepato-protective and membrane stabilize action, although inhibition of the activity of liver GPT may also be existed. It was found that some principles of Schizandrae have an inducing effect on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system P450, thus explained their anti-toxic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic effects. A synthetic derivative compound of Schisandrin called DDB has most of the above mentioned actions now used widely in China as a hepato-protective drug with high effectiveness in normalizing liver functions and very low side effects. From natural Schisandrin to synthesized DDB, pointed out a successful way in the development of new drugs from natural products. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3864. The research on radioprotective agents in Chinese materia medica SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 106 By Wang B J From Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (1991), 86 Suppl 2165-7, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE A series of studies has been carried out in the field of traditional medicine for searching radioprotective agents. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, many prescriptions were tested with experimental animals. Some of them could raise the survival rate of dogs irradiated with lethal dose of gamma-rays by 30-40%. Some symptoms of radiation sickness could be improved. More than one thousand kinds of Chinese herbs were screened. Some of them have pronounced radioprotective activities. A series of bioactive components were isolated from these herbs. The mechanism of radiation protection were studied. Having the capability of hemopoietic system and immune system may be the characteristics of these Chinese herbs. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3865. Plants used in traditional medicine of China and Brazil By Matos F J; Machado M I; Alencar J W; Matos M E; Craveiro A A From Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (1991), 86 Suppl 213-6, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Even though the rationale behind the use of medicinal plants in Brazil and China is different, twenty four species are used in both countries. Scientific name, vulgar name and uses in both countries along with their chemical constituents are listed. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3866. Review of improving the technology of processing Chinese herbal medicines By Liu X; Zhang C; Wu Z; Liu S From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (1992), 17(2), 121-4, 128, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE In this paper, the present situation of processing technology for Chinese herbal medicines is expounded in all aspects. Careful processing, overall developing and comprehensive utilization are put forward as improving ways, in the hope of providing a scientific basis for carrying forward the traditional processing techniques for Chinese herbal medicines in producing areas and putting the resources to full and rational use. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3867. The effect of acupuncture on gastrointestinal function and disorders By Li Y; Tougas G; Chiverton S G; Hunt R H From The American journal of gastroenterology (1992), 87(10), 1372-81, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture has been used empirically in clinical practice in China for several millenia and has recently drawn interest as a mode of anesthesia. Despite extensive investigation, the exact mechanisms of its analgesic action are unknown, but are thought to involve endogenous opioid peptides. Only recently have studies attempted to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on gastrointestinal function and disease. A review of studies from both the Chinese and Western literature supports the efficacy of acupuncture in the regulation of gastrointestinal motor activity and secretion through opioid and other neural pathways. However, no firm conclusion can be drawn about the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of specific gastrointestinal disorders because of the lack of properly randomized controlled trials. ~10 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3868. Reviewing and evaluating of the traditional Chinese medicine affecting on immunological function SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 107 By Shen Z Y From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1992), 12(7), 4436, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3869. Current status of research on sort-term turn to the negative of serial biological markers in the patients with hepatitis B by traditional Chinese medicine By Wang Q M From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1992), 12(5), 3168, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3870. Recent advances on ginseng research in China By Liu C X; Xiao P G From Journal of ethnopharmacology (1992), 36(1), 27-38, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, is a well-known Chinese traditional medicine. There have been more than 300 original papers in Chinese and in English during the last 10 years in China. This review paper summarizes some achievements from some of these published papers. Twenty-eight ginsenosides and some minor constituents were extracted and isolated from the root, root-stock, stems, leaves, flowers and flower-buds of ginseng. The chemical analysis demonstrated that the content of ginsenosides is related to the source, part and growth years of ginseng. The drug has a wide range of pharmacological and therapeutical actions, it acts on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and endocrine secretion, promotes immune function and metabolism, possesses biomodulation action, anti-stress and anti-ageing activities, and so on. Many preparations of ginseng have been officially approved for clinical application in China. Clinical evaluation has shown that these preparations play a special role in medicinal use. ~15 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3871. Acupuncture--a critical evaluation By Joshi Y M From The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India (1992), 40(3), 184-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture is a traditional form of Chinese medicine which has been in practice for over 3000 years. It was not accepted in the West mainly due to cultural barriers. However, research during the last decade has established the physiological basis of acupuncture. Although it is mainly used for chronic musculoskeletal pain in the West, it also has a place in the treatment of various non-painful disorders like bronchial asthma, alcohol and nicotine addiction and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Controlled trials published in the literature have many methodological flaws, and these can be rectified by standardisation of acupuncture technique. Since traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine differ in their concepts of anatomy, physiology and systems of diagnosis, it is not possible to reconcile them into a common language. However, it is possible for them to co-exist. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3872. Current status of prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for ototoxic effect of streptomycin SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 108 By Wang S F From Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban (1992), 12(1), 5961, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3873. Recent development of studies on traditional Chinese medicine in prophylaxis and treatment of AIDS By Wu B From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1992), 12(1), 10-20, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE WHO statistics indicated that as of October 1, 1991 there were 418,403 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in the world, and an estimated 5-10 million persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were at risk of developing AIDS. 50% of AIDS victims have died. It has been reported that after 1 year of clinical use HIV could develop resistance to AZT (azidothymidine), the only effective drug used worlwide and recommended for clinical use by the US government. AIDS has also been treated by acupuncture and moxibustion which recent experiments have associated with improving immune function and enhancing resistance to disease. The American scientists Smith and Naomi Rabinowitz used acupuncture and moxibustion in the clinical treatment of AIDS from 1982 to 1988 when they treated 350 patients with AIDS and AIDS related complex. 1 advanced case with Kaposi's sarcoma and signs of hemorrhage was significantly improved after treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used successfully in treating cholera, syphilis, epidemic encephalitis, influenza, and hepatitis with a great variety of clinical treatment measures and experiences. In recent years the treatment of AIDS by TCM using herbs and their extracts has been increasing. Dr. Yu of Santa Barbara, California, Hospital, in cooperation with Dr. Chen of China, successfully treated on AIDS patient with Chinese herbal medicine. The patient was still living and well more than 2 years later when another 24 cases which were not treated with TCM died during the same period. In China there are no special laboratories dealing with the prevention and treatment of AIDS, although scientific HIV research could benefit from such activities. On the other hand, foreign scientists and Chinese abroad have accomplished a significant amount of relevant research. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3874. Acupuncture analgesia By Klide A M From The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice (1992), 22(2), 374-9, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia has been demonstrated in a wide variety of species under experimental and clinical circumstances. The main advantage is that no depressant drugs need to be used. The disadvantages of its use are unfamiliarity, the need for special equipment, inconsistent effects, and lack of restraint. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3875. The current situation and prospect in the percutaneous treatment of coronary heart disease by traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine By Zhong W From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(11), 701-3, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 109 3876. Acupuncture for reproductive disorders By Lin J H; Panzer R From Problems in veterinary medicine (1992), 4(1), 155-61, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE The use of acupuncture to treat reproductive disorders can produce excellent results. Two proposed physiologic mechanisms for its effects on the reproductive system include an endorphin-mediated mechanism affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal endocrine axis and a direct effect on gonadal paracrine and autocrine control of steroidogenesis. This chapter discusses reproductive disorders from both western and traditional Chinese perspectives, and details the use of acupuncture for the treatment of eight specific categories of reproductive dysfunction. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3877. Acupuncture for gastrointestinal disorders By Dill S G From Problems in veterinary medicine (1992), 4(1), 144-54, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture is best known for its application to various musculoskeletal pain-producing diseases. Acupuncture is, however, used for a large variety of internal medical diseases in humans and other animals. This chapter reviews some of the published literature on the use of acupuncture in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, describes acupuncture points useful for a variety of GI diseases, briefly reviews how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treats GI disease, and gives some case examples of how acupuncture can be used in GI diseases. ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3878. Chronic respiratory conditions and acupuncture therapy By Schwartz C From Problems in veterinary medicine (1992), 4(1), 136-43, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Acupuncture effectively enhances the treatment of chronic allergic bronchitis and asthma in the cat and dog. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, chronic respiratory conditions can arise from lung, spleen/pancreas, liver or kidney deficiencies. Proper diagnosis is made from patient history, as well as examination of tongue and pulse. Acupuncture points are chosen according to involved energy pathways (meridians) and classical acupuncture combinations. In most cases, medication can be reduced as the acupuncture takes effect. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3879. Traditional Chinese medical treatment of heart disease By Basko I J From Problems in veterinary medicine (1992), 4(1), 132-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Western conventional approaches have limited value in the treatment of cardiac diseases because they do not address the true causes of the problems and focus only on treating the heart and lungs. Little attention is paid to the organ systems involved (KI, SP, LIV) and the significance of symptoms seemingly unrelated to cardiopulmonary pathology. Acupuncture used in conjunction with conventional medications (diuretics, beta-blockers, peripheral dilators, etc.) can greatly enhance results. The use of Chinese herbal formulas can reduce the dosage of drugs, which exhaust Qi, and can produce greater longevity because they nourish the Yin organs. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3880. Current research of otorhinolaryngologic diseases treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 110 By Bai H From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(10), 636-7, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3881. Current states of viral myocarditis treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine By Yan H J; Wang Z H From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(9), 572-4, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3882. Study on hypoimmunity in the patients with obstructive lung disease based on the theory of insufficiency of spleenyang By He Q Y From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(4), 248-50, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3883. Advances in the research on the treatment of arrhythmia with traditional Chinese medicine By Chen K J; Chen Y Q From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(7), 445-8, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3884. Research on the improvement of dosage forms of prescriptions in Chinese traditional medicine By Yu G From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (1991), 16(3), 182-6, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3885. Can ethnopharmacology contribute to the development of antimalarial agents? By Phillipson J D; Wright C W From Journal of ethnopharmacology (1991), 32(1-3), 155-65, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 111 The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum, the cause of tertian malaria, to synthetic antimalarials, together with the resistance of the vector mosquitoes to insecticides, has resulted in a resurgence in the use of quinine and a search for new antimalarial agents. In recent years, artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia annua which is used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, has proved to be effective in the treatment of cerebral malaria due to chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum. The development of in vitro tests utilising P. falciparum obtained from malaria patients means that it is possible to use bioassay guided fractionation of active extracts in order to isolate active principles. A number of laboratories throughout the world are currently investigating plants used in traditional medicine for their active constituents. Some of their results will be described and in particular two aspects of our investigations with species of Simaroubaceae and Menispermaceae will be discussed. There is every possibility that such approaches which use leads from Ethnopharmacology will result in the development of new antimalarial agents. It is vitally important to those populations relying on traditional medicines for the treatment of malaria that the safety and efficacy of such medicines be established, their active principles determined and that reproducible dosage forms be prepared and made available for use. ~3 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3886. Advances in the pharmacological researches on the commonly-used prescriptions in Chinese traditional medicine during past 5 years By Deng W From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (1991), 16(2), 118-20, inside back cover, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3887. Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of endotoxemia By Chen H L From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(3), 184-7, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3888. Mechanism of post-ischemic reperfusion damage of myocardium and the protective and therapeutic effects with traditional Chinese medicine By Xu X S From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(2), 124-6, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3889. Creation and evaluation of new theoretical concepts in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine (I) By Chen S K From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1991), 11(1), 44-6, contd, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 112 Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3890. Probe into the rational development and utilization of the genuine crude drugs in Sichuan By Wan B From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (1990), 15(8), 450-3, 510, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3891. Current drugs for the treatment of tropical malaria By Fernex M; Jaquet C; Mittelholzer M L; Reber R; Sturchler D From Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis (1991), 80(4), 67-71, Language: German, Database: MEDLINE The occurrence in the early 60's of stable resistance to chloroquine among Plasmodium falciparum strains in the Amazonas and on the Thai-Cambodian border has been a shock for all malariologists. This led to the search for new antimalarials without cross resistance with chloroquine. For each new drug, one of the major concerns was to define how rapidly parasites would develop resistance to this compound. Drug combinations were taken into consideration so as to achieve a delay in the appearance of resistance. The decision to test a triple combination has led to the development of Fansimef, a fixed combination with tablets containing 250 mg mefloquine, 500 mg sulfadoxine and 25 mg pyrimethamine. A very relevant delay in the development of resistance was found both in-vivo--in the P. berghei model--and in-vitro using P. falciparum. Fansimef has also been under investigations for malaria. Controlled clinical trials were performed in Africa, South America and South East Asia. The documentation for this new indication will be submitted to registration authorities in 1991. A preference alternative to continuous chemoprophylaxis is stand-by malaria treatment for travellers to regions where the malaria risk is relatively low. Stand-by treatment is under investigations in France and in Switzerland. In the search for alternative remedies against drug resistant P. falciparum malaria our attention was directed to Yingzhaosu, a new sesquiterpene peroxide of plant origin from traditional Chinese medicine. A short and convenient synthesis of this ring system gave access to a variety of structural analogues of Yingzhaosu.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3892. Hypocrellins and their use in photosensitization By Zhenjun D; Lown J W From Photochemistry and photobiology (1990), 52(3), 609-16, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Hypocrellins A and B are pigments which are isolated from parasitic fungi Hypocrella bambuase (B. et Br) sacc. and Shiraia bambusicola P. Heen found in the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) and Sri Lanka respectively. These agents, which belong to the general class of perylene quinonoid pigments, have a long history of traditional medicinal agents especially in the P.R.C. Recently their marked photosensitizing properties have been established and exploratory studies initiated. This effort has led to the realization of the potential of the hypocrellins for the photodynamic therapy of tumors. The review summarizes the chemical and photophysical properties of the hypocrellins and their derivatives as well as studies on photosensitization to date at the molecular, cellular and in vivo levels, and their prospects as PDT agents. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3893. A review of chemical studies on the plants of Trichosanthes By Chao Z From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (1990), 15(12), 753-5, 766, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 113 ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3894. Regeneration of bark of Chinese medicinal plants after large area girdling By Li L From Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica (1990), 15(7), 387-9, 445, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE This paper deals with the method of girdling, conditions of girdling, regeneration mechanism, and factors promoting bark regeneration. The results show that girdling is an effective way of tackling the problem of deficiency of woody medicinal plants in China. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3895. Artemisia annua L.: a source of novel antimalarial drugs By Woerdenbag H J; Lugt C B; Pras N From Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition (1990), 12(5), 169-81, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE Artemisia annua L. contains artemisinin, an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone, mainly in its leaves and inflorescences. This compound and a series of derivatives have attracted attention because of their potential value as antimalarial drugs. In this review a survey of the currently available literature data is given. It includes phytochemical aspects, such as constituents of A. annua, the artemisinin content during the development of the plant and its biosynthesis, isolation, analysis and stability. Total chemical synthesis of artemisinin is referred to, as well as structure-activity relationships of derivatives and simplified analogues. Pharmacological studies are summarized, including the mechanism of action, interaction of the antimalarial activity with other drugs, possible occurrence of resistance to artemisinin, clinical results, toxicological aspects, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Finally, plant cell biotechnology is mentioned as a possible means to obtain plants and cell cultures with higher artemisinin contents, allowing an industrial production of pharmaceuticals containing this novel drug. ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3896. Recent traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic bronchitis By Lu S From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1990), 10(4), 250-2, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3897. New progress in the four diagnostic methods of cancer By Yu G; Chen J; Wang J; Hou J From Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan / sponsored by All-China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1990), 10(2), 152-5, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3898. Prostaglandins and traditional Chinese medicine SciFinder® TCM 3501-4000 Page 114 By Liang X C From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1990), 10(3), 185-6, 188, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3899. Advances in studies on traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment of viral myocarditis By Liu J From Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he yan jiu hui (chou), Zhong yi yan jiu yuan, zhu ban (1990), 10(2), 123-5, Language: Chinese, Database: MEDLINE ~0 Citings Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3900. Acupuncture and neurophysiology By Wu D Z From Clinical neurology and neurosurgery (1990), 92(1), 13-25, Language: English, Database: MEDLINE ~1 Citing Copyright © 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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