Renewable energy in water supply and
wastewater disposal:
management:
disposal:
.
What is possible? What is appropriate?
by Karl-Ulrich Rudolph
Prof. Dr. mult.
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
26th & 27th November 2013
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Slide 1
1.1 Renewable Energy in WatSan Facilities
external
Electrical
CO2
= Energy
for indirect
use
Wind
e-generator
Water
e-generator (hydropower)
Solar
photovoltaic
Thermal
Mechanical
biogas
Organics
= Energy
for direct
use
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Muscles
Biofuel
internal
combustibles
Algae
biogas
UV Radiation
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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CEEM
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Slide 2
1.2 State of Science and Technologies:
Projects submitted under the BMBF Call ERWAS, Dec 2012
•
•
•
•
64 proposals with ∑ m 96.02 €
out of these 53 % Wastewater, 41 % Supply Water, 6 both
about 90 % claiming an "integrated systems approach“
3 % including applicable economics+finance component
(many more with socio-economic, macro-economic content)
Energy Storage
Organics
Sludge
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 3
2.1 Regenerative Mechanical Energy
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 4
2.2 Regenerative Hydro-Mechanical Energy
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 5
3.1 Wind – Mechanical Power
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 6
3.2 Wind – Electrical Power
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 7
4. Thermal Energy from WW and GW
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 8
5.1 Solar Energy - Photovoltaic
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 9
5.2 Solar Energy - Thermal
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 10
5.3 Solar Energy – Water Desalination and Disinfection
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
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[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 11
5.5 Solar Energy and CO2
Algae Ponds (here: Christchurch NZ, Bloemfontein ZA)
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
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Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 12
6.1 Biogas - Wastewater Digestion
DE
VN
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
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Slide 13
6.2 Biogas from WW Sludge: HighTech vs. LeanTech
Bitterfeld
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
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Managua
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 14
6.3 Biogas from anaerobic wastewater ponds
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 15
7.1 Incineration with energy production for internal use in STP
Large
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Small
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Slide 16
7.2 Incineration to reduce energy consumption and toxic emissions by 185 k p.e.
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 17
8. Fuel Cell et al. - available from Pioneer’s Workshops
Pyolysis
Fuel Cell
HTC
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
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Slide 18
9. Regenarative Energy Storage
………….
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 19
10.1 Much is possible with RerEnergy in WatSan
RegEnergy
from
for
Electrical
wind (aeropower)
water (hydropower)
sun (solarpower)
all kind of electricity
consuming devices
Mechanical
wind
water
muscles
motor
(pumps, aerators)
Thermal
sun
wastewater
groundwater
heating
(buildings, digesters,
sludge drying)
UV-Radiation
sun
water disinfection
algae growth
Organics
wastewater
(+ external sources)
Biogas, Biofuels,
Combustibles
Carbon Dioxide
atmospheric air
Algae growth
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 20
10.2 Much is possible. But what is appropriate ?
The working conditions in DE
are different from those in the US, F, JP, AUS…
and MUCH different from those in DTC
1. Electrical Power tariffs, set and collected
2. Waster+Wastewater tariffs, set and collected
3. Public service reliability and performance
4. Awareness => Comittment => managerial, operational, fiinancial, Capacities
5. Governance, institutional framework, loan conditions
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 21
10.3 What is appropriate, where low tariffs set low incentives ?
Average W+WW Tariffs ($/m³) 2012 [GWI, 2013]
Country
Combined
Water tariff
Wastwater tariff
Germany
$5.51
$2.91
$2.60
France
$4.08
$2.24
$1.84
United Kingdom
$4.33
$2.12
$2.21
Czech Republic
$3.25
$1.67
$1.59
Poland
$2.88
$1.31
$1.57
Turkey
$1.63
$1.21
$0.42
Russia
$0.89
$0.54
$0.34
Unlike water tariffs, power tariffs are linked to world market prices in many DTC
(by the way: industrial power prices DE 2013 = 1.8 x TU, = 2 x USA, )
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 22
10.4 What is appropriate,
where ODA financed “luxury STP” are switched off,
since power expenses are exceeding wastewater tariff revenues ?
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 23
10.5 What is appropriate with available of data and skills ?
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
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[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
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Slide 24
10.6 What is appropriate, where pumps are failing > 85% ?
Poor O&M cause surplus CAPEX (Africa, not SEE)
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 25
11. CONCLUSION
Provided,
1. the overall functionability, reliability is sufficient
(O&M of WatSan plants and network operations, conventional power supply)
2. the expenses resp. overall costs are justified,
(in terms of money, resources efficiency, land availability …)
the use of regenerative energy
may well be appropriate
not only in DE, but also in SEE&TU.
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 26
The End
CEEM · Consultants for Environmental
Engineering and Management
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. rer. pol. K.- U. Rudolph GmbH
[email protected] · www.professor-rudolph.de
Energy in Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal
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Slide 27