Key Points Regarding 5 Why & Drill Deep and Wide Problem Solving and Communication If you have further questions let us know. We are ready to help. Heribert Nuhn QMS Qualitäts-Management-Systeme Germany D-56587 Strassenhaus Deutschland Tel.: ++ 49 2634 9560 71 Fax.: ++ 49 2634 9560 72 Mobil: + 49 171 315 7768 eMail: [email protected] 8D 5y Wh FMEA RGA/ A ISO/ TS 1 PQ P 6 949 P DV A VD P PA P / 2 Inte rn dito u al A r PROBLEM SOLVING TOOLS (8D) The 8D-Process ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ D0. Become Aware of the Problem: - '5W 2H' - 'Stair Stepping' - Five criteria for the application of Problem Solving D2. Describe the Problem: - Pareto analysis - Descriptive statistics: tables and charts (especially: data over time) - Diagrams: flow charts, cause and effect diagrams, etc. - Problem Definition and Problem Profile D4. Define and Verify the Root Cause(s): - Cause and effect diagrams - Analytical statistics, DoE - Comparative Analysis - Logical testing - Verify, Validate, Prove - Escape Point Version 05.2006 PROBLEM SOLVING TOOLS (GM) Flow Chart Fishbone Diagram Pareto Chart Problem Histogram 5 Why’s Run Chart Problem D.4 & D.7 Scatter Plot Version 05.2006 Why Why Why Why Why Control Chart DRILL DEEP & WIDE Pictograph Recurrence Prevention Model Spills Emerging Emerging Launch Issues Current Issues Functional Plant Issues/ Build Issues Production Supplier Process Issues Version 05.2006 Recurrence Prevention Model • Build the Base using 8D-Method • identify metric and threshold • define and verify Root Cause • Drill Deep Analysis: 3 x 5 Why • predict, prevent and protect Problem on part Why did the planning process not predict the defect? P1 W hy? P2 Why? Why did the manufacturing process not prevent the defect? P3 W hy? W hy? W hy? M4 Why? Mn Prevent Corrective Action Prevent Root Cause Q2 Why? Predict Corrective Action M3 Q1 W hy? Pn Predict Root Cause M2 Why? Why did the quality process not protect GM from the defect? P4 Why? M1 Q3 W hy? Q4 Why? Qn Protect Corrective Action Protect Root Cause • Drill Wide and Read Across • identify key issues • identify same products, processes • implement Lessons Learned Version 05.2006 Issues Other Products Drill Deep Analysis Predict Check/Act Planning Process: Planning process informational content informational content in FMEAs and in FMEAs and CPs Controlplans Protect Quality Process: process containment detection && responsiveness Prevent Manufacturing Manufacturingprocess Process: standardized work and standardized work error andproofing error proofing Do Version 05.2006 Plan Drill Deep Analysis What is the intent of the Drill Deep Analysis? A better understanding on 3 levels: • Why did the planning process not predict the defect? • Why did the manufacturing process not prevent the defect? • Why did the quality process not protect customer from the defect? Version 05.2006 Drill Deep Analysis Defect on Part Why did the planning process not predict the defect? Drill Deep Visual P1 Why? P2 Why? Why did the manufacturing process not prevent the defect? P3 Why? Why? Pn Predict Root Cause M2 Why? M3 Why? M4 Why? Q1 Why? Mn Prevent Corrective Action Prevent Root Cause Q2 Why? Q3 Why? Q4 Why? Qn Protect Root Cause Version 05.2006 Predict Corrective Action M1 Why? Why did the quality process not protect the customer from the defect? P4 Protect Corrective Action Drill Deep Analysis G R A S P T H E 5-Whys-Funnel S I T U A T I O N PROBLEM IDENTIFIED (Large, Vague, Complicated) Where in the process is the problem occurring? Problem Clarified Area of Cause Located Point of Cause (PoC) “Go See” the problem Why? 1 C A U S E I N V E S T I G A T I O N Cause Cause Why? 3 Five Whys? Investigation of Root Cause Cause Why? 4 Cause Why? 5 Why did we not foresee the problem? Root Cause Systemic Issues Lessons Learned Version 05.2006 Basic Cause/ Effect Investigation Why? 2 Why did it happen in manufacturing? Why did our “system” fail? Root Cause Quality Planning: Root Cause Manufacturing: Root Cause QMS: Predict Prevent Protect Drill Deep Analysis - Worksheet Drill Deep Worksheet Phone: Name: Revision Date: Supplier contact: GM SQE: Supplier Duns: Supplier Name and Location: Issue Title: ID Type: PRR PRTS CDP Other ID Number: Failure Mode: Effects of Failure Mode: Cause of Failure Mode: 5 Whys M1 Why did the manufacturing process not prevent this failure mode? M2 **************** **************** ** **************** **************** **Manuf acturing process ****************prevention & **************** standardized work ** **************** **************** ** Prevent ** ** ** ** ** ** M5 M-RC Q2 ** ** ** ** ** ** Q3 Q4 Q5 Q-RC P1 Why did the planning process not predict this failure mode? P2 **************** **************** ** **************** **************** ** Planning process inf ormat ional cont ent **************** in FMEAs and CPs **************** ** **************** **************** ** Due Date M4 Q1 Prot ect Owner M3 Why did the quality process not protect GM from this failure mode? **************** **************** ** **************** **************** ** Qualit y process **************** det ect ion & ****************cont ainment ** **************** **************** ** Corrective Action ** ** ** ** ** ** P3 Predict P4 P5 P-RC K1 What are the key findings based on this quality issue? K2 **************** **************** ** **************** **************** ** **************** **************** ** Version 05.2006 K3 K4 K5 ** ** ** ** ** ** Root Causes - Grouped Predict Planning Process Prevent Manufacturing Process Protect Quality Process Key Findings FMEA - corrective actions ineffective Work Instruction not followed Measurement/ CP Poor validation - design FM EA - correct ive act ions inef f ect ive FM EA - correct ive act ions inef f ect ive FM EA - correct ive act ions inef f ect ive FM EA - correct ive act ions inef f ect ive FM EA - correct ive act ions inef f ect ive FM EA - correct ive act ions inef f ect ive Assembly - dropped screw Assembly - dropped screw Assembly - dropped screw Assembly - JI not f ollowed Assembly - JI not f ollowed Assembly - JI not f ollowed Assembly - m issing part s Assembly - not connect ed Assembly - not connect ed Assem bly - part backwards, JI not f ollowed Assembly - part dropped and mishandled Assem bly - t ape in wrong posit ion Assem bly - wrong part , mat erial handling locat ion wrong No checks in CP No cont rols No cont rols - lat ent , caused in vehicle No inspect ion Poor cont rols Poor m easurement Poor design Poor design validat ion Poor validat ion - design Poor validat ion - design Poor validat ion - design Poor validat ion - design Poor validat ion - design FMEA - detection too low FM EA - det ect ion t oo low FM EA - det ect ion t oo low FM EA - det ect ion t oo low FM EA - det ect ion t oo low FM EA - det ect ion t oo low FM EA - det ect ion t oo low FM EA - det ect ion t oo low FM EA - det ect ion t oo low FMEA - not included FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not included included included included included included included included included included FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not FMEA - not included included included included included Material Handling M at erial Handling - dam age due t o rack design M at erial Handling - nonconf orming product m ishandled Poor M at erial Handling Poor M at erial Handling Mat erial Handling process not f ollowed Packaging Packaging Packaging Packaging Packaging FMEA - not included Procedures FMEA - not included Procedure - m ishandling FMEA - not included Procedure - repair FMEA-not included FMEA - not included Procedure - repair Procedure not f ollowed Procedure not f ollowed Repair procedure not f ollowed FMEA - occurrence too low FM EA - occurrence t oo low FM EA - occurrence t oo low FM EA - occurrence t oo low Version 05.2006 Machine Set Up/ PM Excessive solder, no PM Incorrect set up of t est er Insuf f icient solder due t o poor wash Machine cycle int erupt ed No detection No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion No det ect ion met hod No det ect ion, no visual cont rols No det ect ion No detection - occurs after pack No det ect ion - occurs af t er pack No det ect ion - occurs af t er pack No det ect ion - occurs af t er pack Visual inspection Visual inspect ion Visual inspect ion Visual inspect ion Visual inspect ion Systemic Issues Read Across Predict Prevent Planning / Documentation 0 5 10 FMEA - not included FMEA - detection too low FMEA - corrective actions inef fective FMEA - occurrence too low 15 Protect Manufacturing System 20 25 0 Work Instruction not follow ed 5 10 Key Findings Quality System 15 0 No detection Procedures Measurement/CP Material Handling Visual inspection Machine Set Up/ PM No detection occurs after pack 5 10 Key Findings 15 20 0 25 Poor validation - design Packaging The TOP Bar of each Pareto represents the Systemic Issues which will require an initial Read Across Version 05.2006 2 4 6 8 Systemic Issues Read Across Predict Prevent Protect Key Findings Systemic Issue Version 05.2006 Corrective ActionsChampion Due Date Plant 5 Issue Not Completed Plant 4 Action Plan Plant 3 N/A Original Product Line and Location Plant with Similar Product/ Process Not Applicable Complete and 3rd party / Verified Complete & Supplier Verified Only Plant 2 Location Plant 1 O X Supplier Name Systemic Issues Read Across Supplier Name XYZ Corporation Location Springfield, ZX O X N/A Define the Corrective Actions for each Systemic Issue Original Product Line and Location Plant with Similar Product/ Process Not Applicable Complete and 3rd party / Verified Complete & Supplier Verified Only Read Across to Each Plant Due Date Plant 5 Champion Plant 2 Corrective Actions Issue Plant 1 Not Completed TheDepartmental highest frequency root2/30/04 cause O x x Review, Doe On-line workshop from each Pareto chart is transferred here. Include the Key Finding Predict Failure Mode Not Included Prevent Work Instructions not Followed Cross training matrix Doe 2/30/04 O x x No Error Detection Develop plan to add error detection to new N/Cs Doe 2/30/04 O x x Protect Assign a Champion and record a due date Key Findings Systemic Issue Version 05.2006 Poor Validation/Design Peer Reviews and Standardizes Validation Plan Doe 2/30/04 O x x Drill Deep and Wide Summary • Drill Deep Analysis is not used to understand what failed but why the system failed. • Technical root cause should be known before the Drill Deep Worksheet is completed. • 3 x 5 Whys <--> Drill Deep Analysis is required for every PRR (according GP-5) Version 05.2006
© Copyright 2024