Europe and Central Asia (REU)
Regional Workshop
Izmir/Turkey, 26 – 29 November 2013
Wood Energy and Climate Change
- FAO’s support to countries
Norbert Winkler-Ráthonyi (Forestry Officer - REU)
Outline
Why wood energy ?
Wood energy and FAO
A concrete example
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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Why wood energy ?
• No1 source of renewable energy
• No1 product from forests & trees
• Marginalized issue in both sectors
• Underestimated - informal markets
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FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
Wood and renewable energy [2009]
Uzbekistan/ Узбекистан
Ukraine/ Украина
Turkey/ Турция
Tajikistan/ Таджикистан
Serbia/ Сербия
Serbia new / Сербия новых
Mongolia/ Монголия
Kyrgyzstan/ Киргизия
Kazakhstan/ Казахстан
Czech Republic/ Чешская республика
Belarus/ Беларусь
Azerbaijan/ Азербайджан
Armenia/ Армения
0%
25%
50%
75%
Fossil fuels / Ископаемые виды топлива
Nuclear power / ядерная держава
Renewables / Возобновляемые энергии
100%
© IEA 2012
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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Wood and renewable energy [2009]
Uzbekistan/ Узбекистан
Ukraine/ Украина
Turkey/ Турция
Tajikistan/ Таджикистан
Serbia/ Сербия
Serbia new / Сербия новых
Mongolia/ Монголия
Kyrgyzstan/ Киргизия
Kazakhstan/ Казахстан
Czech Republic/ Чешская республика
Belarus/ Беларусь
Azerbaijan/ Азербайджан
Armenia/ Армения
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Hydro / гидроэлектроэнергия
Geothermal, Solar, etc. / Геотермальной, солнечной и т.д.
Biomass / биомасса
© IEA 2012
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
Wood & energy sector (region)
Renewables / Возобновляемые энергии
Fossil fuels / Ископаемые виды топлива
Nuclear power / ядерная держава
Hydro / гидроэлектроэнергия
Geothermal, Solar, etc. / Геотермальной, солнечной и т.д.
Biomass / биомасса
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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Forestry & wood energy (sub-regions)
Turkey
Belarus, Ukraine, Turkey
Ukraine
Belarus
Mongolia
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Kyrgyzstan
Central Asia
Azerbaijan
Tajikistan
Armenia
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Fuelwood
Industrial roundwood
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
Outline
Why wood energy ?
Wood energy and FAO
A concrete example
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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FAO & wood energy
• Information
• Supporting countries in...
... awareness raising
... cross-sectoral communication
... collecting, improving and sharing accurate data
... improving policies
... building capacities
• Develop methodologies and guidelines
• Outlook studies
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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FAO & wood energy
• Unified Bioenergy Terminology
• Joint Wood Energy Enquiry (UNECE/FAO)
• European Forest Sector Outlook Study
(EFSOS II)
• Woodfuel Integrated Supply and Demand
Overview Mapping (WISDOM)
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Joint Wood Energy Enquiry
Direct:
Logging residues,thinnings, clearings,
short rotation coppice etc.
Indirect:
Residues, enhanced/densified energy
(pellets, charcoal, biofuels), etc.
Recovered:
Post consumer recycled wood products (often
contaminated), construction, demolition, waste etc.
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FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
OUTPUT
USES
SOURCES
[1 000 m3]
U1
DQ
Power & heat
U2
Industrial
DQ
U3
DQ
Residential
U4
Other
DQ
S1 Direct
…
…
…
…
S2 Indirect
…
…
…
…
S3 Recovered
…
…
…
…
S4 Unspecified
…
…
…
…
Sum
[U1;U2;U3;U4]
%
Sum
[S1;S2;S3;S4]
%
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WISDOM
Rationale
Lack of comprehensive information on
actual use of biomass for energy:
- cross-sectoral
- scattered
- informal markets
- decentralized supply / demand
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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WISDOM
Originally:
WISDOM - Woodfuel Integrated
Supply/Demand Overview Mapping.
Today:
Extension to any biomass resource.
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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WISDOM
SUPPLY MODULE
Wood: roundwood and residues from logging operations
from forests, tree outside forests, pruning and
maintenance of orchards/wine
Other biomass: dedicated agricultural crops and crop
residues (e.g. cotton stems, straw,...)
Information sources:
Forest inventory
Woody biomass by land cover class
Land use/land cover (LC)
Productivity
Legal accessibility / Physical accessibility / Informal use
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SUPPLY MODULE
Source: WISDOM Rwanda © FAO 2011
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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SUPPLY MODULE
Source: WISDOM Rwanda © FAO 2011
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
WISDOM
DEMAND MODULE
Residential: cooking, warm water, heating
Industrial: wood processing, agro-industrial production, charcoal
production, brick production, ...
Commercial: food preparation in restaurants, hotels, warm water for
laundry, ...
Services: food preparation, warm water and heating in schools,
hospitals, military, ...
Information sources:
Woodfuel consumption by type, area, user
Urban/rural population / Consumption pattern (stoves)
Local surveys
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DEMAND MODULE
Source: WISDOM Rwanda © FAO 2011
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
DEMAND MODULE
Source: WISDOM Rwanda © FAO 2011
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WISDOM
INTEGRATION MODULE
Supply-demand balances at local level
Woodfuel/Biomass deficit / surplus areas
Poverty indicators / Future scenarios
Priority areas
- information on additional production potential
- indication on type of policy intervention required (infrastructure, land use,
efficient use of residues, ...)
- land cover classes suitable for commercial biomass
Woodshed analysis
Physical accessibility (e.g. cities, liquid biofuel plants, ...)
Supply/demand analysis by accessible buffers
Mapping of supply zones
Geodatabase
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INTEGRATION MODULE
Supply
Demand
Source: WISDOM Rwanda © FAO 2011
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Outline
Why wood energy ?
Wood energy @ FAO
A concrete example
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
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Serbian WISDOM TCP/YUG/3201
Basic facts
• Duration: 3 years (2008 – 2011)
• Budget: $US 300 000
• Using recent forest inventory data
• Household surveys (sample: 37 000)
• Assessment of different wood energy using
industries (charcoal producer, butchers,
restaurants, sawmills, etc.)
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Demand
Supply
FAO Regional Workshop, Menemen/Izmir, 27 November 2013
Integrated supply-demand
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Serbian WISDOM TCP/YUG/3201
Results (1):
• Wood energy is 5 times higher than
reported in energy/forestry statistics
• Wood energy substitutes imports of
fossil fuels worth 1.3 billion € (light
heating oil) or 650 million € (natural gas)
• About 6000 jobs mainly in rural areas
(production and distribution)
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Serbian WISDOM TCP/YUG/3201
Results (2):
• 90.6% of wood fuel come from direct
sources
 58.2% forests
 32.4% outside forests
• 9.4% from wood processing co-products.
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Serbian WISDOM TCP/YUG/3201
Way ahead:
• Revision of national and international
statistics (forestry & energy)
• Revision of national energy policies and
targets
• Wood energy action plan
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