Mercury Pollution: Why It It’ss a Problem; What’s Being Done About It; What You Can Do To Help C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. Office of Research and Standards Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Co-Chair, New England Governors & Eastern Canadian Premiers Mercury Task Force Sharon Weber MassDEP, Senior Technical Advisor November 10, 2009 Massachusetts Environmental Trust, Worcester, MA What Iss Mercury W e cu y Anyway? ¾ In many products ¾Used as reagents ¾Type in fish ¾ Volatile/ well absorbed if inhaled ¾Toxic ¾Very toxic ¾ Toxic C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Why Is Mercury A Serious Problem in MA and Globally? y C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 1. It’s Very Toxic ¾ Can damage nervous system; kidneys; immune system; cardiovascular system. ¾ The developing brains of the fetus/children especially sensitive >400,000 newborns per year at risk in U.S eachh year C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 2. Mercury Bioaccumulates in Fish 9Concentrations in fish can be >1 million times higher than in water 9Mercury rarely an issue in drinking water 3. Mercury Persists 9Air transport and deposition 4. Contamination Is Widespread C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 5. Wildlife Also At Risk Loons and other fish eating birds Songbirds Otters/mink Polar Bears Amphibians C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Mercury Sources and Cycling Simplified C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 What Are We Doing and Is It Working? C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers Mercury Action Plan ¾Adopted in June 1998 by the region’s top ppolitical leaders ¾Goals By By 2003: 50% or greater reduction in emissions in the NE region By By 2010: 75% reduction Long-term: virtual elimination ¾Six Action Categories/45 Specific Elements C. Mark Smith PhD, 2003.2009 C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S.MS. MADEP Reducing Mercury Pollution Addressing all major source categories ¾ Trash T h incinerators i i - 3X more stringent vs USEPA: >85% reduction ¾M Medical di l waste t incinerators i i t - 10X more stringent vs EPA: >95% reduction ¾ Coal-fired C l fi d power plants l t - strongest requirements: 95% control by 10/2012 ¾ Dental sector - Amalgam separators required ¾ Comprehensive mercury products legislation C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Overall Results -- The Mercury Is Falling ¾From mid-1990’s baseline to 2007 (est ) (est.) 9Regional emissions down > 55% 9MA emissions i i down d > 70% ¾Next milestone: 2010 75% reduction C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Modeled Mercury Deposition D Decreased d Pre Action Plan (ug/m2) Post Action Plan (ug/m2) C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Are Mercury Fish Levels Improving? Long-term Fish Monitoring Lakes C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Data Indicate Improvement In M Mercury Levels L l In I Biota Bi t ¾MA fish monitoring data demonstrates ¾ statistically significant reductions in mercury levels in freshwater fish ¾Preliminary CT data similar ¾Mercury levels in loons also lower C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Progress • Mercury emissions way down: 70% in MA since mid 1990s • Mercury deposition down: big decrease in “hotspot” • Fish mercury y levels down significantly g y ((15% 25%) • Encouraging results but --- levels still too high • Further reductions needed: national; global; l l local C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 What Else Can We Do? C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Take Steps to Limit Exposures Follow fish consumption advisories http://www.mass.gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dph/environmental/e xposure/statewide_fish_advisory_poster.pdf http://db.state.ma.us/dph/fishadvisory/ C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 To Further Limit Exposures ¾ Find out what mercury added products you may have at home or work. work ¾ Handle these carefully to minimize breakage. breakage ¾ Cleanup any small mercury spills carefully f ll http://www.mass.gov/dep/toxics/stypes/spill.htm ¾ For large l spills: ill get professional f i l help. h l C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Many Products Contain AddedMercury Fluorescent light bulbs Some button cell batteries Themostats Thermometers High intensity lighting Sphygmomanometers C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 To Help Reduce Mercury Pollution 9 Purchase and use mercury-free alternatives where possible 9 Recycle end-of-life mercury products 9 Get mercury out of schools (most have already done this) http://www.newmoa.org/prevention/ mercury/schools/ 9 Conserve energy 9 Support mercury reduction programs C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009 Lessons Learned • Research and monitoring critical to id tif problems identify bl • Ditto for documenting progress • Pollutants that are persistent, bioaccumulate and toxic,, especially p y to children, should be priorities • Comprehensive cross media approaches needed for these PBTs • Federal action not sufficient sufficient– big role for the states C. Mark Smith Ph.D., M.S. MADEP 2009
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