GEOLOGIST'S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Produced by Maslowski Wildlife Productions Teacher’s Guide by Lauren LaComb Distributed by... 800.323.9084 | FAX 847.328.6706 | www.unitedlearning.com This video is the exclusive property of the copyright holder. Copying, transmitting, or reproducing in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the copyright holder is prohibited (Title 17, U.S. Code Sections 501 and 506). © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Table of Contents Introduction to the Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Introduction to the Program . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Links to Curriculum Standards . . . . . . . . . .2 Summary of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Instructional Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Pre-Test/Anticipation Guide and Post-Test .5 Student/Audience Preparation . . . . . . . . . .5 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Student Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 View the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Discussion Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Description of Blackline Masters . . . . . . . .7 Extended Learning Activities . . . . . . . . . . .9 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Internet Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Reference Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Script of Narration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 This video is closed captioned. 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GEOLOGIST'S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Grades 2-6 Viewing Time: 10.5 minutes with a five-question Video Quiz INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES Why Land Goes Up and Down is part of the Geologist's Notebook, which is intended to help elementary students dig into a variety of important topics in geology and earth science. This six-part series of 10.5 minute programs uses 3-D animation and live-action footage to address uplifting and erosion, the rock cycle, soil formation, minerals and crystals, Earth's interior structure, natural resources, fossils, and landforms. A light-hearted touch often lightens the heavy "lode" of information which each show offers. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROGRAM Why Land Goes Up and Down is an excellent presentation of the forces behind making our planet's landscape. Land around us is rarely flat. As it stretches across mountains, valleys, canyons, plateaus, and other landforms, it goes up and down, down and up. This show looks at the two processes most responsible for carving our landscape: uplifting and erosion. It explains how tremendous heat from the center of Earth powers the building of mountains and plateaus by moving plates and pushing up bulges in the crust. Similarly, the show examines how the forces of erosion, especially moving water associated with gravity, work equally hard to reduce uplifts crust sediment, and flat land. The effect of glaciers is also touched upon. After watching this program, students will better understand why, in terms of land, what goes up must come down. 1 LINKS TO CURRICULUM STANDARD According to the National Science Education Standards: • Content Standard D (K-4): Changes in earth and sky The surface of the earth changes. Some changes are due to slow processes, such as erosion and weathering, and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. • CONTENT STANDARD F (K-4): Changes in environments Some environmental changes occur slowly, and others occur rapidly. Students should understand the different consequences of changing environments in small increments over long periods as compared with changing environments in large increments over short periods. • Content Standard D (5-8): Structure of the Earth System Landforms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive forces. Constructive forces include crustal deformation, volcanic eruption, and deposition of sediment, while destructive forces include weathering and erosion. Lithospheric plates on the scales of continents and oceans constantly move at rates of centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle. Major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building, result from these plate motions. SUMMARY OF PROGRAM Land is rarely flat. Landforms, such as mountains, valleys, and cliffs can be found around the world. Geologists explain that landforms are mainly results from two processes: uplifting and erosion. 2 Uplifting raises land. The energy that causes uplifting comes from heat in the middle of Earth, where temperatures are thousands of degrees hotter than Earth's surface. The crust is a thin shell of solid rock that protects us from this inner heat. The crust is divided into approximately twenty pieces, called plates. This heat moves from the center of Earth towards the crust. Sometimes the inner heat creates bulges in the crust. Bulges start with giant plumes, bubbles of extra hot heat rising from deep within Earth. Sometimes they push so hard against the plates, they create a bulge. An example of a plume that causes hotspots and geysers can be found below Yellowstone National Park, in North America. The park also sits on a plateau that was formed by the plume pushing up the surrounding countryside. Millions of years ago the plume burst through the crust, creating volcanoes. This inner heat also causes Earth's plates to slowly move in different directions. This is a slow process causing plates to move very little each year. We usually don't feel this unless it creates an earthquake. Some plates pull away from one another and others collide. Over millions of years, plate edges crinkle, twist, and break. This pushes up the land, creating mountains. Pieces that tilt down can make mountain valleys. Together hot plumes, volcanoes, and colliding plates have uplifted a large portion of the planet starting a long time ago and continuing in recent times. Erosion transports rocks and soil. Wind and water both cause erosion, but water is the main force. Water pushes pieces of rock and soil ranging in size. Water lubricates rock and soil so they slip down; water can also dissolve them. Billions of drops of water together have huge power! Gravity assists water in the process of erosion. Together they transport material downhill. Erosion works hardest at the highest, steepest areas with softened sur3 faces. Unequal erosion can produce interesting results, such as rock towers. Over time erosion flattens land. It transports material from high places and deposits it in low areas. For example, mountains erode downward and fill up valleys. Eventually ending up at the bottom of the ocean. Glaciers have also helped to shape land. Over 10,000 years ago, great sheets of ice moved from the poles. As they moved, they flattened the land they crossed in the process. They also left behind countless lakes, including the great lakes. Small glaciers still survive in many of the world's high mountains. In conclusion, landforms will change in the future because uplifting and erosion never stop working. Earth's inner heat will continue to rise to the surface and move the plates around, causing uplifting. Gravity and water will continue to erode land above sea level. What goes up must come down. INSTRUCTIONAL NOTES Before presenting these lessons to your students, we suggest that you preview the program, review the guide, and the accompanying Blackline Master activities in order to familiarize yourself with their content. As you review the materials presented in this guide, you may find it necessary to make some changes, additions or deletions to meet the specific needs of your class. We encourage you to do so; for only by tailoring this program to your class will they obtain the maximum instructional benefits afforded by the materials. 4 PRE-TEST/ANTICIPATION GUIDE AND POST-TEST Pre-Test/Anticipation Guide, is an assessment tool intended to gauge student comprehension of the objectives prior to viewing the program, excite students about the topic they are studying, and prepare students to learn the information surrounding the topic of the program. Explain that they are not expected to get all answers correct, but they are expected to try their best. Remind the students that these are key concepts that they should focus on while watching the program. The PreTest/Anticipation Guide should be administered prior to viewing the program. Answers should be reviewed immediately after the program. Hint: It is helpful when the students use different colored pens for the before and after work on the Pre-Test/Anticipation Guide. Blackline Master #7, Post-Test, is an assessment tool to be administered after viewing the program and completing additional activities. The results of this assessment can be compared to the results of the Pre-Test/ Anticipation Guide to determine the change in student comprehension before and after participation in this lesson. STUDENT/AUDIENCE PREPARATION Geology has vocabulary words that students need to experience and practice. It is important to familiarize your students with vocabulary presented in the program prior to viewing the program. Blackline Master #4, Vocabulary Graphing, is a vocabulary activity that focuses on the following vocabulary words: erosion, landforms, uplifting, plates, gravity, and plumes. Present the vocabulary words to the students after viewing the program. Pass out copies of Blackline Master #4, Vocabulary 5 Graphing. Instruct students to complete a graph for each word. Listed below are vocabulary words presented in the program. These words have been identified to help students understand the content of the program. These words can be worked on at any time during the lesson. VOCABULARY geologist erosion canyons water gravity heat volcanoes geysers surface natural energy plumes deposits erode earthquakes hills crust colliding hotspots landforms plateau mountains valleys plates Earth glacier uplifting wind STUDENT OBJECTIVES After viewing the program and completing the follow-up activities, students should be able to: • Explain how plates move and their effect on Earth's surface. • Identify different landforms such as mountains, valleys, canyons, and cliffs. • Explain how erosion and uplifting create different landforms. • Explain the period of time it takes for these processes to change Earth's surface. • Identify the meaning of key vocabulary words in relation to the make-up of Earth. 6 VIEW THE PROGRAM Running Time: 10.5 minutes DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Blackline Master #2, Discussion Questions, are useful both before and after the program has been viewed by the students. By discussing prior to viewing the program, you may assess the students' comprehension and misgivings before beginning the lesson. Discussion Questions can be presented to the whole class or given to small groups to research and report back to the class. Students should be encouraged to creatively present the information they have learned. For example, they could create a game, do a dramatization, a news show, PowerPoint® presentation with visuals, design a timeline, write a story and read it to the class. By providing creative solutions that encourage teamwork, research skills, and options for presentations, the more excited and interested the students will become. Answers can be found in the Answer Key section of this guide. DESCRIPTION OF BLACKLINE MASTERS Blackline Master #1, Pre-Test/Anticipation Guide, is a pre-assessment tool intended to gauge student comprehension of the objectives prior to viewing the program. Blackline Master #2, Discussion Questions, are useful both before and after the program has been viewed by the students. By discussing prior to viewing the program, you may assess the students' comprehension and misgivings before beginning the lesson. Discussion Questions can be presented to the whole class or given to small groups 7 to research and report back to the class. Students should be encouraged to creatively present the information they have learned. For example, they could create a game, do a dramatization, a news show, PowerPoint® presentation with visuals, design a timeline, write a story and read it to the class. Blackline Master #3, Video Quiz, is intended to reinforce the key concepts of the program immediately following the presentation of the program. The Video Quiz can be used as a tool to outline salient points before viewing the program. Blackline Master #4, Vocabulary Graphing, is a vocabulary activity that focuses on the following vocabulary words: erosion, landforms, uplifting, plates, gravity, and plumes. Present the vocabulary words to the students after viewing the program. Then pass out copies of Blackline Master #4, Vocabulary Graphing. Instruct students to complete a graph for each word. Blackline Master #5, Graphic Organizer, is an activity that can be completed after the program is viewed, discussion questions are answered and the video quiz has been completed and discussed. Students are asked to fill the graphic organizer in with information they learned from the program. Once they have put forth their best effort, they are allowed to go ask two students for their input or use other classroom resources. Blackline Master #6, Landforms Cloze Activity, is a comprehension activity. Students are given a passage relating to the information viewed in the program. The passage has blank space in which the students are to fill in missing words. 8 Blackline Master #7, Post-Test, is an assessment tool to be administered after viewing the program and completing additional activities. The results of this assessment can be compared to the results of the Pre-Test/ Anticipation Guide to determine the change in student comprehension before and after participation in this lesson. Blackline Master #8, Make a Volcano, is an activity in which students can actually build their own volcano. Materials: salt dough, plastic soda bottle, baking pan, red food coloring, liquid detergent, baking soda, and vinegar. EXTENDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES SCIENCE EXTENSIONS: Make a volcano, Blackline Master #8, Make a Volcano ART CONNECTIONS: Instruct students to pick a landform identified in the program. Have them illustrate it and explain on an index card how that landform was created. MATH CONNECTION: Instruct students to research different mountain ranges around the world. Compare their heights. Have students create graphs representing the information they discovered. CREATIVE WRITING CONNECTION: Instruct students to write a historical fiction short story from the perspective of a child who recently survived a volcano or earthquake. Encourage students to use library resources, such as old papers, to research the most recent event that has happened around the world. SOCIAL STUDIES CONNECTION: Students can research different parts of the world that are affected by plates moving. Instruct them to include its effects on people who live in the area, the economy, and their way of living. TECHNOLOGY CONNECTION: Create a scavenger hunt for students to find answers on the web. 9 ANSWER KEY Blackline Master #1, Anticipation Guide 1. True 2. False, they are created mainly through the natural processes of erosion and uplifting. 3. True 4. False, plumes are giant bubbles of extra hot heat rising from deep within Earth. 5. True 6. True 7. False, erosion is caused by wind, water, and gravity. 8. False, water has a lot of energy. 9. True 10. True 11. True Blackline Master #2, Discussion Questions 1. Brainstorm a list of landforms in the area in which you live as well as around the world. A: Answers may vary. Make a list for students to view and possibly use for extended activities. 2. How are these landforms created? A: Answers may vary. Students should discuss how it is a natural process. Answers from after viewing the program should include uplifting, erosion, and glaciers. 3. Has anyone ever studied or visited Yellowstone National Park? What was unique about the landforms in this park? A: There are geysers, hotspots, plateau, and plumes. 4. What is a plume? A: A plume is a giant bubble of extra hot heat rising up from deep within Earth. 5. Describe the Earth's crust. A: The crust surrounds Earth, protecting us from Earth's inner heat, as well as providing us with a hard surface on 10 which to live. It is broken into roughly 20 plates that move in various directions at an extremely slow rate. 6. What forces the plates to move around? A: Inner heat rising to Earth's surface forces these plates to move. 7. When plates collide, what type of landforms can be created? A: When plates tilt upwards they create mountains. When plates tilt down, mountain valleys can be made. 8. How can geologists help people who live in areas that plates are known to be moving? A: Answers may vary. Geologists can predict when plates may move in a dangerous direction (earthquake). They can also predict the eruption of volcanoes. 9. What is erosion? A: Erosion transports rock and soil. Both wind and water are responsible for erosion. Water is the main mover. 10. How does erosion help shape our landscape? A: Erosion can flatten land, create rock towers, steep valleys, and more. 11. How does gravity help erosion? A: Gravity pulls everything towards the ground. Gravity helps water and wind carry material form high areas to low areas. 12. What are glaciers? A: Glaciers are great sheets of moving ice. 13. How have glaciers changed Earth's landscape? A: More than 10,000 years ago, glaciers traveled from the poles and scraped the land flat as they moved. They left behind countless lakes. 14. Explain how long it takes to form a mountain or valley. A: Answers may vary. It is important for students to understand that it is a long process. 15. What do you imagine Earth looking like in another 10,000 years? A: Answers will vary. Encourage students to use their scientific minds. Think of Earth's landscape and use what they have learned from the program. 11 Blackline Master #3, Video Quiz 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True Blackline Master #4, Vocabulary Mapping It is suggested that this activity is modeled for students prior to asking them to complete it independently. Look for logical connections and complete sentences. Use the vocabulary word in two original sentences. synonyms antonyms moving transportation stagnant still erosion word noun parts of speech exam ples her forms ot A river bank erodes erosive erode into the river. Illustrate the word here. 12 Blackline Master #5, Graphic Organizer Students should use landforms identified in the program and discussed during Discussion Questions. Resources should be made available to the students to find the location of different landforms. Landform plateau How is it formed? a plume pushing land up Where can it be found? Yellowstone National Park Blackline Master #6, Cloze Geologists say landforms result mostly from two processes. One is uplifting, which raises land. The second is erosion, a process that carries away land. The energy for uplifting starts as heat from the middle of Earth and reaches the crust. The heat creates bulges in the crust. These bulges start with giant bubbles of extra hot heat rising from deep within Earth, called plumes. Plumes push so hard against a plate they create a bulge. The inner heat also causes the plates to move. Some plates pull away and others collide. Pieces of land that tilt up create mountains. Pieces of land that tilt down can create mountain valleys. Erosion works with gravity to move rock or soil, transporting materials downhill. Erosion can form steep valleys or flatten land. Glaciers have also helped form the land on Earth. As it moved slowly more than 10,000 years ago, land was flattened and lakes were created. Landforms around us will change the future because erosion and uplifting are ongoing processes. It is an endless cycle, what goes up must come down. Blackline Master #7, Post-Test 1. Plates move from the heat rising from the inner core of Earth. This heat energy moves plates slowly. Plates can collide and pull away from one another. 2. flat land 13 3. True 4. Plate edges crinkle, twist, and break. Pieces of land that tilt up create mountains. Pieces that tilt down can create valleys. 5. moving rock or soil 6. both A and B 7. Erosion carries rock and soil downhill. Wind and water can cause erosion, but water is the main force. Water can carry away material, lubricate rock and soil so they slide, and dissolve rock and soil. Erosion can create steep valleys, interesting rock formations, and flattens land. 8. False 9. lakes 10. Answers will vary. INTERNET SITES For Teachers: US Geological Survey, Education http://interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/teachers/index.htm K-12 website, dedicated to lifelong learning about the earth. This site has specific examples of the three types of rocks presented in the program. There are sections for teachers, students and explorers. Exploring the Environment www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html Exploring the Environment™ (ETE). The ETE online series, which features an integrated approach to environmental earth science through modules and activities, is developed at the NASA Classroom of the Future™. Has a section on plate tectonics. 14 For Students: US Geological Survey, Education http://interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/students/index.htm K-12 website, dedicated to lifelong learning about the earth. This site has specific examples of the layers of Earth, the history of Earth, volcanoes, earthquakes and more. There are sections for teachers, students and explorers. The Museum of Innovation http://www.thetech.org/exhibits_events/online/quakes/his tory/ This is an awesome site with an online museum. This site provides simple explanations about the make-up of Earth. Great earthquake information. Enchanted Learning http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/pl anets/earth/ There are science pages and activities that provide a lot of information about the inside of Earth, plates, movements, and more. REFERENCE MATERIALS Rocks and Minerals, Challoner, J., & Walshaw, R. New York: Anness Publishing Limited, 2000. ISBN: 0-75480457-7. This book discusses the inside of Earth. It also provides easy to follow science experiments with rocks and minerals. Excellent visual presentations. Rocks & Minerals, Eyewitness Books, London: Dorling Kingdersley, 1988. ISBN 0-394-89621-1. This book covers all types of rocks, as well as the inside of Earth. This book has interesting pictures of each type of rock and easy-to-understand text as well. 15 Geology Crafts for Kids, Anderson, A., Diehn, G., and Krautwurst, T, New York: Sterling Publishing Company, 1996. ISBN 0-8069-8156-3. This is a fun book that can enhance any study of geology. The crafts are clearly explained, visual cues, and interesting information presented with each craft. I Can Be a Geologist, Sipiera, Paul, Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. ISBN 0-516-01897-3. This is easy-to-read book discusses the different types of geologists and what their specific jobs are. Exploring Soil and Rocks, Catherall, Ed. Austin, Texas: Steck-Vaughn Co., 1990. ISBN 0-8114-2595-9. This book covers the concepts presented in this program, along with easy to follow experiments. Rocks and Minerals, Shaffer, Paul & Zim, Herbert, Racine, Wisconsin: Western Publishing Co, INC., 1957. ISBN 0-307-63502-3. This is an old book but is a valuable resource for the classroom. The book provides pictures of different rocks along with detailed descriptions. It is a good resource to that can help students identify rocks and minerals. Make it Work! Earth, Baker, Wendy & Haslam, Andrew, New York: Thomas Learning, 1992. ISBN 1-56847-468-7. This hands-on text has experiments that are easy to follow with excellent pictures. There are great lessons on Earth's layers, shifting plates and how to make a volcano. Atlas of Earth, by Stace, Alexa, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Cartographic Publishers Ltd., 1999. ISBN 0-8368-2505-5. This is a good resource to have handy in the classroom. It is an oversized book with excellent graphics and photos of Earth. Earth movements, building mountains, and volcanoes are discussed. 16 SCRIPT OF NARRATION Land around us is rarely flat. Valleys and hills roll out into the distance. Strange rock shapes tower overhead. Steep cliffs challenge our footing. We call these hills, valleys, canyons, and other natural features of Earth's surface landforms. What causes the surface of Earth to be so varied, to have mountains, valleys, and so many other remarkable shapes? Geologists, scientists who study Earth from its soil to center, say landforms result mostly from just two processes. One is uplifting. Uplifting raises land. Mountains are uplifted. The second is erosion. Erosion carries land away. This canyon and this plain are both results of erosion. How do uplifting and erosion work? Uplifting All the bulldozers in the world would have trouble making just a single mountain range, but Earth has mountains and hills almost everywhere. Where does Earth get the energy to uplift mountain ranges? Energy for uplifting starts as heat in the middle of Earth, where temperatures reach thousands of degrees. Earth is hottest at its center and cools slightly towards the crust. The crust is a thin shell of solid rock that gives our planet a hard surface and protects us from its inner heat. Sometimes the inner heat creates bulges in the crust. A bulge starts with a giant bubble of extra hot heat rising from deep within Earth. The bubble, called a plume, may push hard enough against the plate to uplift part of it. One such plume lies below Yellowstone National Park. Heat seeping from it helps create the parks famous hotspots 17 and geysers. The park sits on a bulge called a plateau, or platform of raised land, that has been uplifted from the surrounding countryside by the plume. Millions of years ago the plume also burst through the crust, creating volcanoes that covered huge areas with thick layers of lava. The lava, which quickly hardened into rock, added even more height to the plateau. Rising internal heat not only causes bulges, it moves huge pieces of crust. Earth's crust is broken into about 20 pieces called plates. Heat currents slowly move the plates in various directions. We cannot feel the plates move because they travel so slowly, about half the length of a pencil per year. Some plates pull away from one another, others collide. Over millions of years colliding plate edges crinkle, twist and break just like fenders in a car wreck. While this goes on, earthquakes are common. Pieces of land that tilt up create mountains. Pieces that tilt down can make mountain valleys. Plates collide in several places around the world right now, including along the west coast of North America and in central Asia where the Himalayas push skyward. The Himalayas grow taller about an inch/2.5 centimeters per century. Together, hot plumes, volcanoes, and moving plates have uplifted a large portion of the planet in the recent or distant past. Erosion No matter how land gets uplifted, as soon as it rises, it gets attacked by the second major land shaping process, erosion. Erosion transports - or moves - rock and soil. 18 Most erosion results from three causes: wind, water, and ice. Wind erodes by picking up and carrying loose soil. Dust storms are wind erosion in progress. Wind blown sand also grinds even the hardest surfaces, such as rocks. Water is erosion's most active force. Water pushes pieces of rock and soil ranging in size from tiny specs of mud to huge boulders. Water also lubricates rock and soil so they simply slide down. Water even weathers, or breaks down, rocks to carry them away. A single drop of water is gentle, but billions of drops have huge power. Water is always helped by gravity. Together, water and gravity transport materials downhill, in the opposite direction of uplifting. Ice helps erosion in a couple of ways. First, it breaks rocks into smaller pieces that are easier to move. More importantly ice forms glaciers, which are huge sheets of moving ice. As recently as 10,000 years ago, glaciers several miles or kilometers thick reached far from the poles. They acted like immense bulldozers, scraping everything flat, and moving huge amounts soil and rock. The effects of these heavy sheets of ice are visible today. Huge areas still remain flat. In other places, stand hills called moraines that got left behind when glaciers dumped the soil and rocks they carried. Glaciers also created countless lakes, including the five Great Lakes. Small glaciers still survive in some of the world's coldest areas. At first, erosion may seem to make land rugged. Landforms we see here have been carved by erosion. 19 But over time, erosion flattens land. Erosion transports material from high places and deposits - or drops - it in low areas. Mountains erode down, valleys fill up. Eventually, if it were not for uplifting, erosion would level the Earth to a flat surface. Conclusion Landforms around us will change in the future because uplifting and erosion never stop working. The middle of Earth will send heat to the crust for billions of years more, and all the while the crust will fold, move and break. Gravity and water will continue to erode all land that is not flat. And the two forces of uplifting and erosion will work together to form an endless cycle, where what goes up must come down. Questions: True or False 1. Energy for uplifting starts as heat in the middle of Earth. 2. Colliding plates can uplift mountains. 3. Erosion transports rock and soil. 4. Water is the only cause of erosion. 5. Uplifting and erosion will take place in the world tomorrow. 20 1 Name ____________________ GEOLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Pre-Test/Anticipation Guide Directions: Circle the best answer to the following questions before viewing the program. Don't worry; you may not know all of the answers. The answers will be reviewed following the program. 1. Canyons are one type of landform. True False 2. Landforms are created only by people. True False 3. Heat rising from Earth's center creates bulges in Earth's surface. True False 4. Plumes are fun favors you get at a party. True False 5. Yellowstone National Park lies on top of a plume. True False 6. Plates collide in North America and central Asia. True False 7. Erosion is caused by plates colliding. True False 8. Water is not very forceful. True False 9. Erosion can flatten land. True False 10. Glaciers acted like giant bulldozers thousands of years ago. True False 11. What goes up must come down. True False © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 2 Name ____________________ GEOLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Discussion Questions Directions: Research and report back to the class. Creatively present the information you have learned. For example, you could create a game, do a dramatization, a news show, PowerPoint® presentation with visuals, design a timeline, or write a story and read it to class. 1. Brainstorm a list of landforms in the area in which you live, as well as around the world. 2. How are these landforms created? 3. Has anyone ever studied or visited Yellowstone National Park? What was unique about the landforms in this park? 4. What is a plume? 5. Describe the Earth's crust. 6. What forces the plates to move around? 7. When plates collide, what type of landforms can be created? 8. How can geologists help people who live in areas that plates are known to be moving? 9. What is erosion? 10. How does erosion help shape our landscape? 11. How does gravity help erosion? 12. What are glaciers? 13. How have glaciers changed Earth's landscape? 14. Explain how long it takes to form a mountain or valley. 15. What do you imagine Earth looking like in another 10,000 years? © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 3 Name ____________________ GEOLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Video Quiz Directions: Now that you have learned so much from viewing Why Land Goes Up and Down, it is now time to test what you have learned. Answer each question by circling the correct response by circling either true or false. Do your best! 1. Earth's thin shell of hard rock is called the crust. True False 2. The asthenosphere has soft rock that lacks strength. True False 3. Both layers of the mantle are mostly rock; both layers of the core are metal. True False 4. The middle of Earth is soft and spongy. True False 5. Heat rising from deep inside Earth can move the crust's plates. True False © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 4 Name ____________________ GEOLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Vocabulary Graphing Directions: Use the information you learned in the program. (Use additional resources if you need to.) Complete the graph by filling in each section correctly. Work neatly! Use the vocabulary word in two original sentences. tonyms an ny syno ms word part of speech mp exa les er forms oth Illustrate the word here. © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 5 Name ____________________ GEOLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Graphic Organizer Directions: Complete the graphic organizer below by including landforms of your choice. Use the information you learned in the program as well as classroom resources. Landform How is it formed? © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Where can it be found? Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 6 Name ____________________ GEOLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Landforms Cloze Activity Directions: Read the paragraph once, before filling in the blanks with key vocabulary words. Once you have read it, fill in the blanks using the key vocabulary. Key vocabulary: bubbles, bulges, energy, flatten, geologists, gravity, heat, lakes, mountains, ongoing, processes, plates, plumes, uplifting, valleys. _________ say landforms result mostly from two ___________. One is ________, which raises land. The second is erosion, a process that carries away land. The __________ for uplifting starts as ________ from the middle of Earth reaches the crust. The heat creates __________ in the crust. These bulges start with giant __________ of extra hot heat rising from deep within Earth, called plumes. _________ push so hard against a plate they create a bulge. The inner heat also causes the ____________ to move. Some plates pull away and others collide. Pieces of land that tilt up create ___________. Pieces of land that tilt down can create mountain _________. Erosion works with __________ to move rock or soil, transporting materials downhill. Erosion can form steep valleys or ___________ land. Glaciers have also helped form the land on Earth. As it moved slowly more than 10,000 years ago, land was flattened and _________ were created. Landforms around us will change the future because erosion and uplifting are ___________ processes. It is an endless cycle, what goes up must come down. © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 7 Name ____________________ GEOLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Post-Test Directions: Answer the following questions with your best effort. All written answers should be in complete sentences. 1. Explain how plates move? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which of the following are not landforms: A) lakes B) mountains C) flat land D) geysers 3. The core of Earth is extremely hot. A) True B) False 4. Explain how plates moving can create landforms. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Erosion is the process of A) moving rock or soil. B) uplifting land. 6. Uplifting can create which of the following: A) mountains B) valleys C) both A and B C) the current in a river. D) neither A nor B 7. Explain how erosion works and how it can change the surface of Earth. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Landforms are created quickly. A) True B) False 9. Glaciers created A) mountains. B) lakes. C) rivers. 10. Choose one landform and explain how it was created. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution. 8 Name ____________________ GEOLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK WHY LAND GOES UP AND DOWN Make a Volcano Materials: salt dough: 6 cups flour, 2 cups salt, 4 tablespoons oil, 2 cups warm water plastic soda bottle (one liter) 9" X 9" baking pan red food coloring (a few drops) liquid detergent (6 drops) baking soda (2 tablespoons) vinegar (2-8 ounces) Directions: Now we're going to get a little messy. In this experiment you will build a real working volcano. After mixing just the right amount of ingredients together, add the final item to make your volcano spew red lava down the sides. 1. First you need to create the "salt dough." Mix the ingredients a large bowl. Work the ingredients with your hands until smooth and firm. Add more water to the mixture if needed. 2. Stand the soda bottle in the baking pan. Mold the salt dough around the bottle making sure you don't cover up the bottle mouth or drop any dough into the bottle. Take your time on this step and build your volcano with as much detail as you like. 3. Fill the bottle most of the way with warm water mixed with a little of the red food coloring. 4. Put six drops of the liquid detergent into the bottle. 5. Add two tablespoons of baking soda. 6. Slowly pour vinegar into the bottle and jump back quickly! Notice the red "lava" that flows out of your volcano. This happens because of the baking soda and vinegar mixture. Mixing baking soda and vinegar produces a chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide gas is created - the same gas that bubbles in a real volcano. The gas bubbles build in the bottle, forcing the liquid "lava" mixture from the bottle and down the sides of your volcano. © 2003 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.
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