The H I L L o b s e r v e r INSIDE: ISSN: 1821—7370 ISSUE No. 017 March, 2010. PRICE: SJMC to train radio documentary making country-wide ...page2 By Hill Observer Reporter W ebometrics’ latest ranking for the world’s top universities show that Uganda's Makerere University is now the top-rated Higher Learning Institu- By Katare Mbashiru ! n o l Institutions should get common curricular ... page 3 tion in the continent besides Egypt and South Africa. Tanzania's University of Dar es salaam comes at position 24 on the continent, down from the top positions it initially enjoyed in the Online frequency ranking. However, the ranking is based on the visibility of a University on the Internet, the volume of its research publications, and the general impact of the information published on its web pages. Makerere is now ranked 15th on the continent, 44 place above their ranking two years ago. The University of Dar-es-Salaam (UDSM) Deputy Vice Chancellor (Academics) Prof. Makenya Maboko however said that Webometrics’ ranking does not consider the quality of educaContinues to page 3 Photo: John Alex A Continues to page 3 TShs 300/- Why Makerere beat UDSM in lofty place ranking Ardhi University in for changes rdhi University has embarked on implementation of its new ten year plan (Corporate Plan) with the view to enforce overhauling changes at the institution. The plan was revealed by the Ardhi University Vice Chancellor Professor Idrissa Mshoro at the Third Graduation Ceremony of Ardhi University which was attended by a many dignitaries and many government officials. Professor Mshoro said the university has started to implement this strategic plan from the 2009/2010 academic year and would continue for ten consecutive years until the 2018/2019 academic year when it will have reached its targeted goals. He said this plan is considering the new status and the present environment at the University. ‘’Different opportunities and challenges have been occurring in the market. The aim is to make sure that different changes are seen at the university, at the country level and elsewhere in the globe,’’ he emphasized. He mentioned some achievements which have already taken effect following the implementation of this plan including the increase number of students admitted for 2009/2010 academic year where by 2150 students have been admitted at the university compared to 1528 who were admitted in 2008/2009. Other achievements include the increase of female students where as 286 students have been admitted compared to 180 who were admitted in the previous academic Watch all day EMBRACING HOME CULTURE: A group of Rwandese Traditional dancers performing at the East African University Students Executives Conference held in Kigali, Rwanda recently. Students in the region occasionally use culture to celebrate their togetherness. o S g m o C in Every Friday 08:30 –09:30 pm Only on Mlimani TV 2 Local News THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 Women are the worst victims of breast cancer By Kaswaga Subira and Matondo Neema T By, Katare Mbashiru A Photo: File he current research statistics show that women are more affected by breast cancer than men due to nature of women body structure and hormones. Dr. Lillian Mnabwilu, a member of Medical Women Association of Tanzania (MEWATA) revealed this during the Eleventh Memorial Anniversary of Hubert Kairuki Memorial University held at Mission Mikocheni Hospital (MMH) in Dar es Salaam early this month. The anniversary went together with the free breast cancer check up for women provided by the MMH in cooperation with MEWATA where by more than 50 women attended and got the service. Dr. Lillian said men are also victims of breast cancer and they should have the habit of checking their health regularly. Dr. Lillian added that breast cancer is among the diseases that cause women deaths in Tanzania and assured them that the disease is curable if they would attend to the hospital at the early stage. “Men also are affected by the breast cancer. However it is found in a rare case that’s why MEWATA concentrates more on women but treatment is available for both provided that the victims attend clinic at the early stage,” said Dr Lillian. She added that, breast cancer is the only disease which a woman is able to detect by examining herself following the procedures that are provided by health experts which is different from other cancers whose detections need doctor’s check up. Commenting on that Dr. Brenda Masawe from MEWATA said, ''up to this moment there is no exact source of the breast cancer but there are risk factors associated with the problem and health experts are conducting research to find out the root causes for the disease.'' “The risk behaviours and factors are inheritance, smoking, alcohol uses, late delivering birth above 30 years, early menstrual circle that is below 12 years Optimism as Higher Learning Institutions prepare for the students week Dr Twalib A. Ngoma,the Executive Director of the Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam. and late stop of menstrual circle above 55 years,” said Dr. Brenda. Dr Brenda said, a woman is able to detect changes on her breast like changing of colour and presence of abnormal glands by touching the breast as directed by the doctor. Sara Samson, one of the attendants said, ''MEWATA is doing a good job on educating women about breast cancer and thanked MMH for free services offered to the public regardless education and economic status of the public.'' She however called upon MEWATA to reach more people especially in rural areas and asked the government and other Non Government Organizations (NGO’s) to contribute funds in order to make MEWATA reach the large number of people. On her remark Dr. Clementine Kairuki, the specialist doctor of women and pregnancies at MMH said, the decision to provide free service to women comes as a way to practise the values of the founder of MMH Hubert Kairuki,who, worked for public good. t least 800 students from different Higher Learning Institutions within and out of the country are expecting to participate in the 2010 International Students Week be hosted in Dodoma from 19th to 24th July. The students week aims at giving the youth an opportunity to discuss topical issues, create solutions, practice diplomacy, leadership and learn from the best in the field where as the main theme of this year ISWIT is ‘’The voice of young intellectuals on constructing Africa a new: Come, Listen and Act.’’ Addressing the press in Dar es Salaam , ISWIT Public Relations Officer Mr. Harrison Mwilima said the conference will give students an opportunity to discuss different issues that are facing the world such as HIV/AIDS, cultural heritage and political crisis in parts of the world. ‘Students should use this opportunity to exchange their knowledge by discussing various global issues with their fellow intellectuals from different parts in the world,” said Mr Mwilima. The International students’ week in Tanzania is prepared and coordinated by students from different schools and colleges of the University of Dar es salaam in collaboration with students from other higher learning institutions in the country under the supervision of the Dean of students of the University of Dar es salaam Dr. Martha Qorro . Since it was held for the first time in the year 1998, International Students week in Tanzania has continued to facilitate open discussions among the youth of different higher learning institutions from all over the world, and has remained the only distinct event of its kind in African continent as it was declared by Students Organizing Conferences Everywhere (SORCE) that deals with organizing and publicizing such kind of events in the world. SJMC to train radio documentary making country-wide By Eleuter Mbilinyi T he School of Journalism and Mass Communication of the University of Dar -es- Salaam, is set to start a countrywide project to train journalists on radio documentary production. The project entitled “Telling Our Own Stories” will be supported by Tanzania Media Fund (TMF) and implemented by SJMC media experts, and is expected to start in mid March this year as solid plans are underway. Briefing staff members during a workshop on pre-project activities, the SJMC Dean, Dr. Bernadeta Killian said the decision to engineer the project was reached by the school after making a critical evaluation on Tanzania media operations.“We surveyed broadly the operations of the mushrooming electronic media in Tanzania mainland; ultimately we deduced that there is excessive reliance on foreign made documentaries. This among others is manifested by lack of skills on documentary production by our local media,” she said. Enthused by the revelation and backed by the potential intellectual property the school bears, Dr Killian said SJMC resorted to soliciting funds from TMF to cover the operation costs of the project of which it responded positively. Speaking on the rationale of the project, the project coordinator Dr. Augustine Hatar said, the project is one way of implementing the TMF objectives as it will focus on training journalists on investigative journalistic skills and production of quality documentaries that target localities where the radio stations operate and reach. Dr. Hatar further said lack of local documentaries in broadcast stations in Tanzania calls for deliberate interventions to address the problem. “Recently, we have noted that most stations rely heavily on different types of music programs and rarely cover in-depth stories about serious developmental issues, these call for the need to have a special kind of training to equip journalists with the art and techniques of documentary production,” said Dr. Hatar. The project will help journalists to familiarize with theoretical approach on documentary production, whereby journalists will start to put in account voices of vulnerable groups as a way to achieving national development vision of 2025. The main focus of the project will be National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA), and the UN- Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) whereby target regions include, Dar es salaam , Pemba , and Morogoro. Other regions will be Mtwara, Tanga, Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Shinyanga, Mwaza, Mara, Tabora, Kagera, Kigoma, Dodoma Mbeya, Iringa and Rukwa. Local news THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 3 ‘Institutions should get common curricular’ The Hill Observer Reporter T he absence of the common curricular among the Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania has been identified as amongst the big problems facing the education sector. The Tutorial Assistant of School of Journalism and Mass Communication (SJMC), Kamfipo Gideon said this during an interview with the Hill Observer. He said there is no unique standard curricular pertaining to all Higher Learning Institutions as in primary or secondary schools in HLIs, each institution is entitled to set for its own curricular something which results into having graduates with different knowledge on the same field. “Actually, it is a big problem, however our Universities provide the same degrees on the same field but students differ in knowledge and skills because of variation in curriculum set up,“ he said. He added, some students fail to study important courses related to their field and the institutions may omit these courses due to lack of curriculum specification. He urged the Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU) to clear out the problem so that higher learning institu- tions in Tanzania can be identified with the same status. As an example, he cited the University of Dar es Salaam that, it provides the first degree of Law (LLB) for four years while others like Tumaini University provides the same degree for three years, yet all these graduates are expected to serve within the same society. “In such circumstance, you can see how these graduates are likely to differ in material content and productivity, it can also lead to psychological torture among students who pursue the first degree in three years while others graduate in the same field after attending for four years“, he explained. As the way to rectify the situation, TCU is right now holding discussion with various education stakeholders to see how this situation will immediately be combated. Ardhi University in for changes Continued from page 1 BATTLE OF HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS. Above is the Senate building at Makerere University which took this year's top East Africa spot that has always been a preserve of the University of Dar es Salaam in online rankings. UDSM:It was online ranking Continued from page 1 tion a particular institution offers but on its visibility on the internet. When the rankings were first released, University Authorities criticized them, saying most of their publications are not packed into the internet. At Makerere,authorities also reacted by setting up a committee headed by the Director of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) support, to come up with appropriate solution to improve its presence on the web. The committee observed that for Makerere University to score highly, its web presence should be on a continuous basis. It issued a document which proposed immediate (tactical) and intermediate (strategic) measures that will ensure an adequate web presence and subsequent higher ranking. “Whereas Makerere might be performing much better than other institutions in both academic and research terms, as long as the outputs are not disseminated online, her ranking is bound to suffer,” the committee noted in its report. Acting University Vice Chancellor, Prof Venansius Baryamureeba said that Makerere will be among the top ten in Africa when the next rankings are released. “We have put lecturers’ publications and students’ dissertations online,” Prof. Baryamureeba said. “We shall make sure that students have web pages and blogs to facilitate interactions online.” The domain approach The committee, which was set up to study approaches to increase the University’s ranking noted that the domain makerere.ac.ug is an alias of the primary domain mak.ac.ug. This implies that when one types makerere.ac.ug into a browser, the request is redirected to see the contents of mak.ac.ug. To resolve this, the University adopted a shorter domain to facilitate creating sub domains for various units that are used for email addressing and websites. However, the university agreed to continue to maintain makerere.ac.ug for historical reasons and name recognition of the Makerere brand. This explains the bigger number of pages indicated under mak.ac.ug compared to makerere.ac.ug. In terms of number of pages, Makerere has now out competed Dar-es-Salaam, but still does poorly in comparison to Cape Town. “While makerere’s mak.ac.ug domain is comparable to Dar-es-Salaam’s udsm. ac.tz in terms of size, her ranking woes in the past have been compounded by the fact that Webometrics until recently used only makerere.ac.ug for ranking purpose Prof. Baryamureeba said: “We have made efforts to put all websites which are part of Makerere on the Makerere domain. We must ensure that all faculties and other academic units have websites which are linked to the main Makerere domain.” The committee also observed that, “The number of pages that make up the University’s online presence is critical because it directly affects size indicators used by Webometrics which accounts for 20 per cent of the ranking. In addition, the number of pages indirectly affects the visibility indicator, since the more pages a domain has, the more in links that it is likely to receive into these different pages. Visibility accounts for 50% of the ranking.” Other measures that have helped improve the rankings; have been to review of the web templates and design guidelines, creation of an archive and publicizing Makerere’s historical data, as well as listing library OPAC in Open World Cat. Rankings and quality The ranking is considered an indicator of the impact and prestige of the university and its commitment to disseminating research outcomes. However, the ranking does little to reflect the quality of academic performance of other players like students. Even scholars like Prof Baryamureeba admitted the ranking might not be 100% accurate. “It is not 100 percent accurate but it gives you the quality of research at the institution,” Prof Baryamureeba said. “When you look at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University which are ranked to be the best in the world, there are a lot of online interactions, and they publish all their documents, workshop reports and research online.” year. Professor Mshoro said the increase of female students was necessitated by a four weeks special course which was inaugurated last year to female students who passed their form six examinations at lower marks that does not give them an opportunity for being admitted at Ardhi University . The University Senate decided to add new different diploma and degree programmes which aim at increasing admissions. These programs include Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, Bachelor of Arts in Economics, and Bachelor of Science in Information Management Systems. Others include Postgraduate Diploma in Housing, Masters of Science in Housing and Masters of Science in Disaster and Risks Management. These students started to be admitted to these programme in the 2009/ 2010 academic year. The University has inaugurated the Land Administrative Unit for the purpose of monitoring different activities pertaining to Land. He reiterated that this unit will assist the government in different responsibilities including implementation of the National Land policy of 1995, the National Settlement Development Policy of 2000 and all laws concerning Land. A total 419 students graduated in different programmes where as 314 were awarded different degree, 77 were awarded Postgraduate Diploma and Master’s Degrees and other 28 graduates were awarded Bachelor Degrees in Geomatics. ACCURACY At 'The Hill Observer' we believe in accuracy as the basis for Journalism practice. Any accuracy concern within the paper should be addressed to: [email protected] 4 opinion THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 Editorial Thumbs up for JK on elections funds, but... P resident Jakaya Kikwete’s emphasis on the financial behaviour for all politicians in the forthcoming general elections is commendable. The Head of State put an uncommon emphasis on the matter during the end of month address, noting that he supports fully the Elections Expenses Bill with all confidence that all politicians and their parties adhere to its provisions during elections. In the Act, there is particular ceiling to how much a politician and their parties can use when they carry out their campaigns at all levels. It also indicates indicative and cap financial budgets and provides for them to disclose the source of their funds as well. Mr Kikwete vowed to ensure credibility of the country's democracy by imposing tighter controls on election financing. It is such a sense of importance that he put to the coming law when he said that he would assent to the Election Expenses Bill that was passed by the National Assembly in Dodoma, last month. He said the measures in the proposed law were crucial to ensuring the credibility of the councillors, legislative and presidential elections in October, and the fourth to be held since the country returned to multi-party political system. The whole electoral process... right from nomination of a candidate by a political party to actual election and activities after the polls can all be subjected to legal scrutiny under the new law. The president said his government, after extensive deliberations decided to have the new act to curb corruption in elections noting that if implemented properly, the new law would make leadership in the country transparent to all. The president said the government wants process of nomination of candidates by their respective political parties to be legally recognised and monitored by law. He added that income and expenditure for political parties will be monitored as well as election expenses for political parties and their candidates. But it should also be noted that it is a government responsibility to bring the Information and Communications Bill to Parliament for tabling, debating and passing before the general elections. Many Parliamentary Committees and the Media Council of Tanzania who have debated the issue on different forums see the need of some measures of special media regulations during the coming election as being part of the process of "levelling the playing field". While there is an existing government policy on media, the government has called for its review at a time when a Bill is in the offing. It would not be fair to leave the media under a system of voluntary self-regulation, whereby the media agree to adopt a series of selflimiting regulations because of the special demands that come during the election period. Having been on the ministry shelves for almost a full presidential tenure now, it is important that the Media Bill comes out of the closet for debate by the House as we head towards a really demanding election period. EDITORIAL TEAM Chief Editor Lazaro Felix Assistant Noela Oyugah News Editor Mtweve Sturmius Assistants Nicholaus Evodus Kadama Malunde Eleuter Mbilinyi Features Editor Subira Kaswaga Assistants Katare Mbashiru Festo David Sports Editor Mtulya Athuman Marketing & Advertising Mwaikenda mwita Assistant Naamala Samson EDITORIAL ADVISORs Dr. Masoud Nassor Mrs Edda Sanga Miss Eva Solomon Mr Paul Dotto University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 4067, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. email: [email protected] This newspaper is prepared by students of the School of Journalism and Mass Communication of the University of Dar es Salaam. Debate: Do our elites retain Nyerere’s legacy? By Selestine Leonard A ny nation without history is like a big building without a foundation. In this commentary, lets put our focus on the roles of our intellectuals in advancing well guarded legacy as that of the nation's founder, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere. Paraphrasing some of his speeches, Mwalimu Nyerere once noted that any educated Tanzanian should always return to help those behind him or her, with a view that person is not perceived a community traitor. Referring to this contention, education is not a private property. It is a public property. It should be shared. The food ,in this case, is knowledge, skills, and ideas which should be shared equally. How should we share education-(food)? Following government attack on students, the late Justice Hugo Black said, “No country can live in freedom where its people can be made to suffer physically or financially for criticizing their government, its actions, or its officials.” Many intellectuals like to work in urban areas. For them, sharing practical knowledge with villagers is like a taboo. People tend to be satisfied with the bridge between elites and non-elite. Majority elites dream to live in towns forever while the rest remain in rural areas as farmers. Who should make Kimisi forestry like Mbezi, Masaki and so on? During old times, the government could ensure that an intellectual is forced to work in needy areas. Development strategies were not negotiable. Under “Mwalimu” everybody was moulded to work for the public gain. The slogan “Uhuru na Kazi” and “Ujamaa na Kujitegemea” made people more and more responsible. “Don’t think that I did not get employment opportunity. I got a direct teaching post. Although I like teaching, I decided to reject teaching post because the school is allocated in the village. I have to join military training simply it has huge salary!” said a graduate. I think there is nothing wrong with ideas of such intellectual. The poor intellectual might have been disturbed in early education stage. The society perceives village life as hell while urban life is as precious as heaven. Who should be blamed for such misconception? Look, education prepares people to work in offices. Many offices are allocated in towns and cities. Most services such as electricity and newspapers are firstly targeted in town before reaching rural areas. Should some government offices be allocated in rural areas? “Since national elites are squeezed in towns and cities, rural-urban migration is inevitable. You should follow the one on ladder before he descends. Don’t wait for him down! Dar-es- Salaam is for us all,” stressed a graduate from Tanzania School of Journalism and Mass Communications of UDSM. Education without patriotism means slavery. Tanzania is eager to develop. In development process, indigenous intel- lectuals should monitor resources such as land, minerals, wild animals, mountains and forestry. Many nations such as France and UK invested in human resources earlier. The main drivers of investment were elites and sub-elites. Interestingly, Indonesia employed graduates to improve agriculture in early 1960s. Why can’t we make it? Verifying the essence of elites in social change, Professor of Politics and Sociology, John Higley,a former Justice of the United States said, “Disunited national elite, which is the most type, produces a series of unstable regimes that tend to fluctuate between authoritarian and democratic forms over varying intervals.” Further, Professor Higley said, “Consensually unified national elite, which is historically much rarer, produces a stable regime that may evolve into a modern democracy, as in Sweden , or Britain , or the United States , if economic and other facilitative conditions permit.” Time has come for the government to utilize indigenous intellectuals in critical and potential areas such as mining, agriculture, education, and culture. This should be done by giving special incentives such as food, transport and so on. If the poor graduates had been prepared psychologically to work for villagers, there would not be any obligation to shun away from the teaching career! The government should be liable for its intellectuals. Let us not be scared. Development is gradual. [email protected] or [email protected] OBSERVER's Quote If the United States of America or Britain is having elections, they don't ask for observers from Africa or from Asia . But when we have elections, they want observers. -Nelson Mandela. opinion THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 Photo:File women's corner What you ought to know about men in your relations I ACTIVE IN A CLASS SESSION: Students in Private schools will not benefit from the government's decision to cancel Form Four examination fees. Some commentators contest the fairness of the decision to keep them out. At Education Ministry, where solutions are not solutions By Majaliwa Christopher W hen simple answers and light solutions are given to complex questions and difficult situation respectively the fall out is nothing rather than praising ignorance, the great enemy of the father of the nation late Mwalimu Julius Nyerere! Early this year, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training led by Prof Jumanne Maghembe as a Minister with assistance of Hon. Mwamtumu Mahiza and Gaudencia Kabaka as Deputy Ministers announced to have cancelled examination fee for both form four and form six candidates. However this exemption is for government schools only. For those who view the world in a three dimensional approaches, this decision made by the Ministry cannot be praised but instead be criticized as it gives a room for social stratification. Besides creating social classes, the Ministry gives the solution in inappropriate areas. There are areas where rectifications are necessary but are left and instead where problems are not seen solutions are given. Tanzania lacks enough government schools that are why some students who fail to get admission in government schools join private schools. For students being admitted in private schools does not mean that they should not enjoy such privilege because all are Tanzanian’s and they have rights as others from government schools. If the Ministry reached this decision because of poverty among government school students it is wrong because students get admission at government school because they passed exams and there is a chance. Others go to private schools because either they have failed or passed but there is no chance, or because their parents value education they sent their kids at private school. At least the decision would have been fruitful and convincing if and only if there would be appropriate statistics showing number of candidates who failed to sit for the Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (CSEE) and Advanced Secondary Education Examination (ACSEE) because of examination fee at government schools only. However, that could not be enough because some students are schooling at private schools under hard conditions since they come from poor families but they manage to pay the examination fee because they fear their result to be withheld and fines. In my view, I do not see the logic of this decision and instead the ministry could start solving the crucial problems before the simplest and illogic one. It should mention and measure weights on various problems facing this sector. There are usual problems of rapid increase of tuition fee in private schools, poor learning environment among government schools, unnecessary contributions such as buildings in secondary and primary schools. The problem of massive failure in national examinations from standard seven to form six, oppressive and unfair cost sharing policy in higher learning and the phenomenon of examination fee. Which problem should be given immediate and quick solutions? Here are the arguments to support the claim that canceling examination fee is a right solution but inappropriate towards improving quality of education in Tanzania . First, this decision is a poor strategy towards successful objectives. In Form Two national examination results, many candidates extremely failed. A reason for the failure is lack of teachers. Most public secondary schools in Tanzania have no enough and qualified teachers. A question which does not even require a rational mind to answer, can a student brought up in such a poor environment with unqualified knowledge deliverers be successful? The ministry does not see this as major downside towards improving quality of education in Tanzania . Moreover, in Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (CSEE) results the same lyrics named “failure” continues. In CSEE result of 2009 announced on February the failure rate has increased by more than 10 per cent . How do you expect a candidate who is not well taught to pass an examination? It does not only surprise but also makes people laugh. Government spends a lot of money in preparing form two national examinations but at the end of the day both who pass and fail join form three, one year later both sit for CSEE. When results come out, that same song on failure is still sung! This is due to some poor background and strategies in our education system. Under this situation, one of the eight UN Millennium Development Goals of improving quality of education which 192 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organisations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015 will take Tanzania a century to achieve. In Tanzania, higher learning institutions tuition fees range from Tsh 1.3 million to Tsh 2.5 million. Under that what they call cost -sharing policy students are sponsored by the government through Higher Education Students Learning Board (HESLB) basing on the means –testing system. From this means- testing, other students are supposed to fully cover their tuition fees. Most of Tanzanians live under $ US dollar per day and their ability to handle such fees is highly questionable. [email protected] By Robin Ulikaye anticipate innumerable criticisms from some of my colleagues (men), terming me an extremist on women issues. It reminds me of how some of my female readers who query why I should continue filling this women’s corner while I am a male. I will rate those as unscrupulous wiles that I bet you had better shun and join me for another column. What you have to know about him is more than important because your partner is a strange creature with unique traits. Men and women have some common traits but they are quite heterogeneous in some biological aspects. Knowing something in common between men and women, will make it easier for you to decide your better way of choosing a man to be your partner or apply some good-living mechanisms if you are already engaged or married to one. Most men have a preference to be seen tremendous especially when they have to face a woman challenger who is better than them, this is true when you refer to traditions that made men here in Africa . Due to this, there is a narrow exception of modern men because that trait of feeling superior in all things than women is innate, only few men will admit that they have been outstripped by women in something and if they admit you will see them quit silently while bending their heads down shamefacedly. Men are always generous to females; they receive women with excitement even if they don’t know anything about them at all, if you are accustomed to seeing men distressed especially those whom you know then try to be near him and ask, hey! Dear, you seem nervous today what is the cause ? Then you will on the odd occasion hear him tell you it is because of this and that, rather he will barely try to hide his emotions and release himself. Most men are selfish; research in social sciences other than economics indicates substantial differences in behavior between men and women (Catherine C.Eckel). The general conclusion drawn from this work is that women will be more socially oriented and men more individually oriented. Take an example of simpler effects like say, biding farewell to an individual who is worthy to receive a simple token of love like a card, flower or something else, most men in here (Tanzania) will tell you ash! It’s not useful for toiling with simpler stuff like this, they never consider what uplifting impulsion such simple things craft to someone who receives them. This is just one example forget about married men taking simple eating stuff to their homes like fruits or chocolates to kids etc For most men such stuff is just wastage of time, but you will stay to see a man stationed in a burger hut, Beer pub or elsewhere congratulating his stomach while telling a wife hey mama sina hela (hey wife! I don’t have money). Women seem to differ from men in mental disposition, chiefly in their greater tenderness and less selfishness man delights in competition and this leads to ambitions which pass too easily into selfishness. Such a phenomenon seems so biased but it has been referred from Mr. Charles Darwin 1874 p.586 believe me though it is in that way still you will bear with me in as far as the above Para is concerned. Men are from Mars and women are from Venus. What do I mean here? I mean equality regardless of gender or dogma is a maxim that is crucial to our modern day society especially when you have to maintain your social-economic interactions in good manners so that you live in peace and harmony. The innate difference of men and women makes the balance of life as I wrote in my past column when I emphasized the importance of women finding male friends. Even though many social theorists believe that, gender and anatomical sex refer to two distinct and separate constructs as each develops at different times and in different parts of the body. If you didn’t know such distinctive traits on the side of men, get it right and make a better selection of life partner so as not to regret on the way that “ I am fed up of you, I regret to have known you…!” while it’s too late! [email protected] 5 Local News 6 THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 Udsm student scoops Google wikipedia grand prize I By Mwaikenda Mwita t was a moment of honour recently when a student from the School of Journalism and Mass Communication (SJMC) of the University of Dar es Salaam bagged the Google Wikipedia Grand Prize. Maria Alphonce, a second year student won a laptop worth of US$ 1,066, for successfully translating English articles into Swahili in the Google-Wikipedia competition. Speaking to The Hill Observer, Maria Alphonce, pursuing Bachelor of Arts in Public Relations and Advertising said she participated in the competition because she wanted to augment Swahili information via African online. “I am more than happy not only because of the prize but because I was able to add something vital to the information age for others to consume,” she said. Maria, a Mlimani radio(106.5 fm) presenter who produces a radio programme known as ‘Harakati za Wanawake’, attributed her victory to her devoted efforts and proper management of her occupied daily routine. In the message circulated to the Sjmc trains students on best media practices By Festo David S I am more than happy not only because of the prize but because I was able to add something vital to the information age for others to consume UDSM staff, Dr. Juma Lungo, from the Department of Computer Science who also participated in coordinating the competition said the prize has taken the UDSM a notch higher. “Join me to celebrate and congratulate our students for pushing the UDSM flag to zenith, and their hard work and passion for Kiswahili in the media,” he said. Earlier, it was noted that since the launch of Kiswahili Wikipedia Challenge in November last year, there has been a significant growth of the Swahili literary works on Wikipedia. “In the first month alone, Swahili Wikipedia grew by 30% percent from 2.2 million words which can be compared to single digit organic growth for many African languages like Afrikaans and Zulu,” WINNING SMILE: Maria Alphonce banked the honour from Wikipedia a statement from Google noted. Google Wikipedia Competition started in November last year and involved students from University of Dar -es- Salaam (UDSM), Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT), Institute of Finance Management (IFM) of Tanzania and Kenyan Universities. Graduates urged to get entrepreneurial skills By Jalud Msangi and Samson Sara T anzanian graduates fail to have self-employment due to lack of capital and skills about entrepreneurship. A survey by 'Hill Observer' among some graduates of 2008/2009 from the University of Dar es Salaam tells a similar account of the challenges they face in the aftermath. Alex Abraham one of the graduates said, “it is not true that Tanzania graduates do not like to employ themselves and be entrepreneurial like their fellows in other countries, they are slowed down by a lack of capital and skills on how to start own business projects.” He said education system is largely based on theory than practical, making it difficult for a student to lack a selfemployment attitude on grounds that one cannot put knowledge into practice. Due to that, many students prefer to be employed first in order to get experience and generate capital for not less than two years before attached to self employment. William Venus, a graduate from GETTING READY: Graduands being conferred their degrees. College of Engineering and Technologies (COET) said English language is another challenge facing some Tanzania graduates as some fail to get employment due to lack of proficiency in the language considered the regional working lingua franca. He emphasized that the government should take this into action as the national problem since most of University students are suffering from this problem and all of us must appreciate the role of this foreign language in employment opportunities and nothing works if people do not communicate. “We may see this as a simple problem and everyone knows it but some days our nation will be suffering from having educated society which can not communicate to show their skills and ability in working. This will have the side effects since most of the employment opportunities will be handled by foreigners,” said William. Deogratius Salit argued the fact that our government does not value home investors and entrepreneurs is very discouraging for them and for others who have a dream. In addition to that, he said foreign investors are now coming with their own workers from their home that are paid more and only reserve a few opportunities for local graduates who have to tolerate less payment. chool of Journalism and Mass Communication (SJMC) of the University of Dar es Salaam last week trained some of the students who would be attached to Mlimani Media. The Mlimani Media Manager, Edda Sanga said the training was purposely for achieving the goal and mission of the school to equip students with knowledge and skills of broadcasting and writing in Journalism profession. She however noted that, the training intended to benefit the students according to their area of interests which are Camera section, working in Transmission room (TX), visual editing, presenters, producers and reporters. She said the move aimed at meeting the journalism profession demands in Tanzania whereby well trained and skilled upcoming journalists should come from the Tanzania Media Learning Institutions, SJMC being one. “Lack of journalists who are skilled and well equipped for preparing television and radio documentaries has anticipated SJMC this time to include number of students who will be trained under this aspect,” said Edda Sanga. She also pointed out that the training provided crucial knowledge and understanding on how to do presentation and production of various programs, programme scheduling, visual editing, reporting and operating Transmission room (TX). She said the school intends to prepare people who can run various programmes in English, including broadcasting English news which is among the school strategy and it will soon be introduced on Mliman Radio and Mlimani Television. Ms Sanga said there are still some of the challenges among students who are selected to join the training since some find it difficult to work in these media houses and it is partly due to school activities. She noted that some of the graduates find it difficult to get employment once they finish school because they have never experienced practical media activities. INSIGHTS/Speech / poemS THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 An old dream that came true Martin Luther King Jr. popular Speech '' I have a Dream'' delivered on August 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C. I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the “unalienable Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.” But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, we’ve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of Now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. And those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. And there will be neither rest nor tranquil- Martin Luther King, Jr. detested discrimination with all vehemence. ity in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice: In the process of gaining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again, we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, “When will you be satisfied?” We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating: “For Whites Only.” We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until “justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream.”¹ I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. And some of you have come from areas where your quest -- quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair, I say to you today, my friends. And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of “interposition” and “nullification” -- one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; “and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.”2 This is our hope, and this is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith, we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And this will be the day -- this will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning: My country ‘tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrim’s pride, From every mountainside, let freedom ring! And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado. Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California. But not only that: Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia. Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last! 7 POEMS Dreams of a cameraman. Episode 3. By Hayqal Mushi My comrade, When I look at u I know we are meant to be Iam glad u make me be What av always dreamed to be U gives me the recognition U gives me power U gives me strength U gives me pride Together we a crew Am a soldier You are my gun Am a writer you are my pen Am an MC You are the MIC You are the comrade. Yes am right When I stroll down the streets I can’t help but shoot scenes But without you my comrade It’s just in vain Cause I shoot with the eyes And record with a brain And if human brain was 15 GB This one is loaded 80 GB. Time for change By Edith Benedict It was once said “If you want to keep something away from an African Hide it in the book” Who could prove Peter Botha wrong? Is it true that Africans never read? Read books for they have secrets of life. There is no friend as loyal as a book. No matter how busy we are Let us take time to share our knowledge with others Books like friends should be well chosen, Imagine of secrets hidden in the Bible and Quran Learn the secrets of reading book. How much does it cost reading books? “We have no time for our children" Could the parents and guardians encourage these little ones to ray? Nourish and polish them with books Books full of wisdom Learn the secrets of reading books Much time is wasted on wickedness An hour is never spared for little books. What is that Africans are blinded with? Reading books matters a lot A lot it matters for it is not their cultureLearn the secrets of reading books Illiteracy and unawareness engulf us acutely We are poor in thinking so do fail to develop Decisions fail us for we consume whatever is thrown Let us read books to enrich our tanks For books have secrets of life Learn the secrets of reading books No knowledge is wasted, Benny Carson declares For books are paths of light to freedom and success. Never be limited with a number of books, read what is legible and relevant Reading will disclose our sufferings Hate not books, for they are your life Learn the secrets of reading books 8 features THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 A leap into adult Education was short lived af By Kaswaga Subira E ight months remain for President Jakaya Kikwete to finish his first term since he came to power after winning the majority vote famously known as “Ushindi wa Tsunami” in 2005. During his campaign JK promised Tanzanians that they could live better lives, but up to this moment it is still a dream as poverty among Tanzanians is increasing. Has JK reached the dreams of many Tanzanians who expected to have the access of education and quality education? This is one of the questions that everyone could ask when evaluating JK's term in the State House. “As it’s essential in our life, the education sector must be implemented and in this, JK has succeeded to make some improvement compared to the former president Benjamini Mkapa and Ally Hassan Mwinyi by building the biggest University in East Africa ,” said Dr. Benson Banna, the head of Political Science at University of Dar es Salaam. He however said, the plan for building Dodoma University was initiated by the former president Benjamin Mkapa but implementation undertaken by JK is among the success and a stiff decision our president. Speaking to the Hill Observer Dr. Banna, said President Jakaya has done a tough decision of building the University of Dodoma which will be the largest University in East Africa and Africa in general. Dr. Banna said apart from all challenges facing education sector in Tanzania , building the University This shows how the government does not care students in private varsities. The problem goes even in loans whereby students in private varsities are not getting loans at the right time and not all get it even if some meet the criteria of having division one and two and are from poor families Children at a rural school setting also look forward to a life in a well built classroom. (Inset), President Kikwete still has room to extend more significant attention to the education sector, both in quality and quantity. Photos: File itself is the hard decision because it needs money. President Kikwete in this way has decided to do it so this is one of the biggest successes for the presi))dent to be remembered. “This is the stiff decision due to our environment since it needs money and workers who are professionals and our country faces the shortage of money and professionals but as the time goes on the number of professionals will increase” said Dr Banna. About the increasing tuition fee in private and government Universities Dr. Banna said, this is a serious problem which made several boycotts in varsities and it is because Tanzania doesn’t have regulators in education sector. Dr. Banna said the problem is not at varsities alone but it is even within all levels of education, from primary levels whereby private schools have the tendency of increasing tuition fee at any time. “Some primary schools are charging more fees compared to varsities fees. Some charge up to 2 million shillings so education nowadays has become money making venture because sometimes you may find students are paying high fee but they get poor food and less quality education in terms of environment and other materials, Said Dr. Banna. Commenting on Dr. Banna’s point, Laurence Mwantumwa, the President of Tumaini Univeraity Dar es salaam College (TURDACO) said, the government has neglected private universities with their students in terms of loans and problems they are facing. Mwantumwa said the government concentrates on public varsi- ties and ignores private ones while students at private varsities have the rights to present their problems to their government and be listened. “The situation in private varsities is not good because the government has denied to help us, when Tumaini University increased tuition fee by 60% from this academic year students opposed and thought government could help us, but the Minister for Education and Vocational Prof. Jumanne Maghembe told us that the government can not interfere private varsities” said Mwantumwa and added that “This shows how the government does not care students in private varsities. The problem goes even in loans whereby students in private varsities are not getting loans at the right time and not all get it even if some meet the criteria of having division one and two and are from poor families.” During the end of 2008 about five government universities were closed after boycotting classes features THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 9 fter past success where by students were demanding 100% of loans and opposing means testing which seemed to be done unfairly and accelerating to the social classes. The closed universities were University of Dar es salaam , Ardhi University , Sokoine University of Agriculture, and Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology and Dar es salaam University College of Education. According to experts, the gap between poor and riches is increasing and life gets high, is it possible for poor people to afford education? How the government is trying to help them? Dr. Lenny Kasoga, an economist said there is the increase of racial segregation in education sector caused by the presence of prestigious school and common schools, it is a terrible and kills education sector. He said the government has tried to improve education sector but it has to make sure that schools that leads into racial classes do not exist in our country because it kills education sector and national unity in general. “Now we have Indians schools, Whites schools and African schools so we are still maintaining colonialism, if we seriously want changes and development in education sector, the government should discontinue this situation” said Dr Kasoga. When we speak of education, we also refer to primary and secondary school. What quality of education do they offer and how will it help students in their future. Ward schools is one of the success of JK but this program has been criticized for a long time by various people, but this differs from Dr. Banna who believes that this is a great success in education sector. “It’s true that we don’t have enough teachers and learning materials and this ward schools face challenges but one day we shall realize its important and enjoy its fruits, we have to take it as one of the success of our president,” he said. However, Dr. Banna said Adult Education has been forgotten for a long time since the first president, the late Mwalimu Julias Nyerere laid off the power, the rest have forgotten. He said that the parliament and even the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training does not put emphasis on it and there is no budget for Adult Education as the result the number of adults who do not know reading and writing is increasing. “The Institute of Adult Education which was active during 1970’s is no longer active, it has got no discussion in parliamentary session, no budget and no one cares, all three president phases have forgotten and it is not JK alone,” he said. He added that we have education officers in all Districts and Municipals but they are doing nothing in activating adult education, the government should make extra efforts to make the sector live and reduce the rate of illiteracy. FIGHTING THE COUNTRY'S WORST KILLER: A mother and her sick child at a local hospital. Photo: File Malaria still denies masses lives By Mary Fabian D espite determined efforts that have been made by International, National, Governmental and or Non- Governmental Organizations to eradicate malaria, it has for quite some time now, remained the leading killer disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is reported that Malaria is the most dangerous parasitic disease in the world. It kills over one million people each year, 90 percent of those who die come from Africa . In Tanzania , malaria has such a severe impact on socio- economic development of the entire population and the nation as it accounts to a 3.5 percent loss in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) each year Statistics show that, 60,000 people die from malaria each year in Tanzania and nearly two thirds of them are children. Malaria kills more children under the age of five in Tanzania than any other disease. Recently it has been reported that, about 730 children of less than five years of age died from malaria in a year 2008 in Shinyanga alone. This is an example of only one Region in Tanzania to show how dangerous the disease is. However, it is estimated that about 16 to 18 million new cases of malaria occur in Tanzania each year, resulting in more than 100,000 deaths. Malaria accounts for a third of the national disease burden, 35 percent of hospitalisations and 37 percent of deaths of children under five. Among pregnant women, malaria and anemia are responsible for a quarter of maternal deaths. Meanwhile, in Africa the disease kills between one and two million people annually. Sickness and death from malaria account for a third to half of hospital admissions in the continent and a yearly loss of 12 billion US dollars. Regardless of its scale, malaria is preventable and can be cured effectively with the right treatment and early diagnosis. Since 1997, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has been recommending an integrative strategy to combat malaria including new medicines, vaccines, improvements of health care systems and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Although it is encouraging that Tanzania is among the beneficiaries of efforts to eliminate the pandemic by the international community led by the World Health Organization (WHO) but still, we have a lot to do so that our country will get rid of malaria. Then, is it possible for one to ask for what else should be done, after all those efforts that have been made? Yet the death rate is still high, is there any other initiative? The answer is yes! , we have a lot to do, most Tanzanians are not focusing on eliminating disease, instead they are trying to prevent people from being infected by malaria today. Our country is putting more efforts on curative rather than preventive measures against the killer disease. It should be remembered that, prevention is better than cure. That is to say we must prevent malaria before thinking of curing so as to save the life of our children, pregnant women and all human beings in general. Then, we must fight malaria by changing our environment through focus on how to protect our environment by maintaining severe cleanliness so as to prevent mosquitoes from multiplying. It is through this way that Tanzanian and Africa in general can get rid of malaria. In a study conducted by Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Elfatih Eltahir and graduate students Arne Bomblies and Rebecca Gianotti, they explain that while most efforts dealing with malaria have focused on the human side, such as attempts to develop a vaccine, the efforts to control environmental factors such as working to eliminate the hot spots where pools of water collect during the rainy season, or applying locally grown plant materials to limit the growth of mosquitoes can have a dramatic effect on controlling malaria's spread. And unlike importing expensive medicines, such an approach can rely on local efforts as simple as having people with shovels fill in the low spots in the terrain. It is from this report we can draw attention and see how easy it is to fight malaria through changing our environment. The cost of malaria medical treatment is high compared to the cost one can use to change his or her environment. 10 health THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 What your How to treat those burns on your skin first aid kit should B consist of urns destroy skin, which controls the amount of heat our bodies retain or release, holds in fluids, and protects us from infection. While burns on fingers and hands are usually not dangerous, burns injuring even relatively small areas of skin can develop serious complications. Here are the first aid steps for treating a burn. 1.STAY SAFE! Do not let the rescuer get burned trying to save the victim. Follow universal precautions and wear personal protective equipment if you have it. 2.Treating a burn begins with stopping the burning process. Cool the burned area with cool running water for several minutes. If an ambulance is coming, continue running water over the burned area until the ambulance arrives. 3. Look for blistering, sloughing, or charred (blackened) skin. Blistering or sloughing (skin coming off) means the top layer of skin is completely damaged and complications are likely. Charring indicates even deeper damage to all three layers of skin If the damaged area is bigger than one entire arm or the whole abdomen, call 911 or take the victim to the emergency department immediately. 4. Mild burns with reddened skin and no blisters may be treated with a topical burn ointment or spray to reduce pain. 5. Cool water (not cold or warm) may also help with pain. Do not apply butter or oil to any burn! 2. Over the counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used for the pain of a mild burn . If stronger pain relief is needed, contact a physician or go to the emergency department. Tips: 1.Burns cause swelling. Burns of the face and neck can sometimes swell enough to cause difficulty breathing . 2.Burns that completely circle the hands or feet may cause such severe swelling that blood flow is restricted. 3.While the burn is healing, wear loose natural clothing like silks or light cottons. Harsher fabrics will irritate the skin even more. 4. Burns destroy skin and the loss of skin can lead to infection, dehydration and loss of body heat. Make sure that burns victims get emergency medical help if experiencing any of the following: • dizziness or confusion • weakness • fever or chills • shivering • cold sweats Attending to any body injury is as important as your health is Severe Bleeding, Wounds, and Injuries B lood can be lost very rapidly from a severed or torn artery. Severe blood loss can lead to shock, unconsciousness, or death. External Bleeding If an adult loses more than 1 liter of blood, or a child loses as little as one-third that amount, blood loss is considered severe. Arm or Leg Injury Treatment 1. Lay the victim down and, if possible, raise the injured part (this will reduce the flow of blood from the wound). 2. Press hard on the wound with a clean pad. If the wound is gaping, hold its edges together firmly. T here are ready made first aid kits available in chemists and large department stores, but some people like to make up their own kits, so with this in mind, we have put together some items you might like to include in your first-aid kit. Every office, factory, home and school should have an accessible first-aid box with following recommended basic contents: 3. If there is a foreign body in the wound (e.g. glass), apply pressure alongside. 4. Take a firm pad and bind it firmly over the whole wound so that pressure is maintained (a scarf or tie can be used). 5. If blood soaks through the bandage, do not remove it. Instead, continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7-10 minutes. 6. Seek medical help. Head Injury Causes 1. Blood or fluid from the ear. 2. Loss of consciousness. 3. Wound 1. First Aid Book Clearly explains how to handle basic problems. 2. Band-aids (Plasters) Band aids or sticky plasters are great for dressing small wounds. They come in all shapes and sizes for fingers, legs, and anywhere else you might get little cuts. Make sure the Band aid is big enough to cover the wound, if not you should use a dressing instead THREAT: A person's back showing the seriousness of skin burns. 4. Or sometimes there may be no signs. Treatment 1. Very carefully, try to put any flaps of skin back into position. 2. Press firmly on the wound with a clean pad (sterile if possible). 3. Hold the dressing in place with more clean cloth. 4. If victim is conscious, lay him/her down with the head and shoulders raised slightly. 5. If fluid trickles from the ear, cover the ear with a clean pad and lay him/her on that side to allow free drainage of the fluid from the ear. 6. Seek medical help immediately. Chest Injuries Treatment 1. Cover the wound immediately using the palm of your hand, or the victim's if he/she is conscious. 2. Place a sterile dressing or clean pad over the wound, then cover the pad with a plastic bag, kitchen film or foil, held in place with adhesive strapping or firm bandaging to form an airtight seal. 3. If the victim is conscious, support hm/ her in a comfortable position. 4. Call an ambulance. Internal Bleeding Internal bleeding results when blood vessels rupture, allowing blood to leak into body cavities. Causes 1. A direct blow to the body, a fracture, a sprain, or a bleeding ulcer. 2. If a victim receives an injury to the chest or abdomen. Signs 1. Pain and tenderness in the affected area 2. Cold, clammy skin 3. Pale face and lips 4. Weakness or fainting 5. Nausea or dizziness 6. Dilated pupils, short of breath, or irregular pulse 7. Swelling or bruising at the site of injury. Treatment 1. Check for an open airway and begin mouth-to-mouth ventilation (see Absence of Breathing) if necessary. 2. Call for medical help as soon as possible and keep the victim comfortable until help arrives. 3. The victim may rinse his/her mouth with water, but DO NOT give a victim of internal bleeding anything to drink. 3. Elastic Bandages The elastic bandages are good for wrapping sprained joints or making a sling in the case of a broken arm. 4. Gauze and Adhesive Tape Gauze pads or roll are cloth pads that are placed directly on a wound to protect and control bleeding (for larger cuts and scrapes). You will need adhesive tape to keep the gauze in place. In an emergency, a clean tea cloth, hand towel, clean tee-shirt can be used to cover the wound. 5. Antiseptic Wipes (Alcohol Swaps) and Cotton Wool 6. Safety Pins and Tweezer 7. Scissors A pair of scissors is needed to cut the tape and gauze. 8. Small Mirror and Latex Gloves Latex gloves are always a good idea, especially if you are dealing with body fluids from a stranger. 9. Calamine Lotion Calamine lotion is used for soothing sunburns and stings. 10. Clinical Thermometer 11. Analgesic Tablets Such as aspirin or paracetamol business pick 11 THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 Temeke candy shops: Are they taxed? I MOVIE MAKING; An actor pausing as part of the requirement to follow the laid out script during the shooting of a film. Photo: File CulturAL Dialogue A form of art and authenticity in film By Issa Athuman “What happened to the state of film authorship?” Theatre is a collective experience but cinema is the work of a single man, the director: Orson Welles. In preamble the question we may ask is” who, between the two, is supposed to hold the status film authorship? Is it the director or screen writer? You might fail to respond quickly and you may as well wonder, is there such a thing as authorship in film-making? Yes there is and all you have to do is simple, come with me to the end of this article, whereby apart from accounting to the fact that, film too reserves one authorial figure or principle artist during the different phases of its production, I shall as well analyze the state of film authorship in Tanzania specifically at this juncture where there is a new occurring trend of video film-making. My thesis is that, in this context and the current occurring trend of popular – commercial video - films we can take authorship as an attempt to marry the ideology of mass production of films for business and that of film-making as one form of art. Have you ever been to a book shop and ask for a book that is written by your favorite author? Let that be Dan Brown, Sydney Sheldon, Daniele Steel, Eric Shigongo, Edwin Semzaba, or any other. What I intend to connote here is that films too are written by one author whom you can pick before buying or renting a film. Therefore we can speak of authorship in film. Film authorship is described as the process of organizing the whole film according to a personal vision of an individual film artist. Is there anything practical about this definition or it’s just an ideology? When was it placed, what’s its implication? Well basically it is an ideology with practical ends which located the individual artist as the source of the true creativity. This ideology can be traced back to the early conflicts that from time to time repositioned the artist in the society. Early before the renaissance period, God was central or the divine of creativity while man was seen as merely a craftman. Later, during the blossoming of renaissance such people as poets and painters demonstrated abilities that lead to a different phenomenon whereby man became again the center of creativity. During the modern and post modern world the status of the artists was raised even higher on the niches that of economy itself. Every film has a touch of some sort, a touch that I clearly define as the author’s style in terms of form or convictions in terms of the content. That touch leaves a mark of authorship. If I may ask, what’s your source of pleasure in a film, are you interested in looking at the film characters whom most of them to the best of your knowledge happen to be aimless victims? Or watching a film to find the marks of authorship that managed to put via a medium the significant truth and experience of the world we are living in? As the director takes upon the journey of at least seven months to twenty years of working on a major film project you will definitely need to get all the supports including recruiting all the necessary collaborators. Film-making is a collective endeavor so to speak but in essence a very personal outcome just as that of literary text authors such as Ngugi wa Thiongo or Ebrahim Hussein to whom in my view, I believe as they did finish their first drafts of the books, they give them to their personal editors or reading through team to take care of the nitty gritties before the book is released. In this case these people collaborated with the writer of the book who still reserves the authorship of the book. Orson Welles, the one I quoted above, is among the greatest film directors of all times in British film-making Industry. He supposes that a film is what you write on the screen and the meaning of the film is an essence that is dead and is brought to life by the director. This is the person to whom I always wish that should be subjected to viable production conditions that supports the artistic vision in making a film. At the moment one can observe that the business aspect of our film industry is growing at a fast pace, audience of these films have created a demand which is hard to predict whether it’s sustainable or not though we know that business does fluctuate. The new trend in video film-making in Tanzania entails that it is first and foremost business oriented. It can as well be observed that throughout the world at the moment video film-making of any genre and type is business. That fact has put pressure on video film-making industry and its personnel, the authors/directors so to speak, especially in scoring the balance between commercial values of the film that are supposed to safe guard the business interests of the enterprises and the artistic values that are demanded by the art of videofilm-making. Therefore you find an imbalance of values among the commercial video films produced, period. On contrary, film-makings in such film industry as Hollywood or Bollywood have been able to strike the balance between commercial and artistic values of the films they produced. How did they manage? It’s highly a debate. Let me stop here at least for this month, what I have presented for you is a debate. Don’t hesitate to write me an email on issahmbura@ yahoo.com if you have anything to say about what I have treated this month. Next, I will continue my speculations on this “New trend of Video film making in Tanzania ” whereby I will discuss “Stars as Commercial motives” in these video - films. Stay blessed. By Namlia Kindamba t will take you three minutes to walk on foot from Temeke Hospital bus stop to the place where these shops are found. You can encounter a number of girls selling their bodies as mere commodities in the market with fixed price per service they offer. Before the world’s economic crisis off last year you could get a single service for 1500 Tshs but during the economic shake they raised their price to 2000 per service. I think they considered the so-called price fluctuation. I used to visit those shops so as it observe and know exactly what is happening there. They rent rooms equipped with a bed and mattress like an apartment special for that business. It is 24 hours businesses like Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) machines, workers who are all girls have shifts like security guards in order to provide effective services but there are no shifts for veterans. It is just like an episode but this is what is happening in Dar city. It is worse in a world faced by HIV/ AIDS and other sexual transmission diseases. We should take time and think why are they doing so and who are they. Some used to believe that they do not have families, boyfriends, poor and don’t have education. Unfortunately all assumptions are incorrect however some might be true but other girls are doing such business because they need money to go with fashions and not otherwise while others are educated. Bad luck girls display themselves half-naked before their rooms as TV sets and radios are used to be displayed in normal shops. The business is not in barter trade system but it is money first before the service and the system is once, a girl then simple you have to enter inside the door nearby that girl and she will follow you inside the room, without greetings you have to put your clothes with Tshs 2000 on your hand as tit for tat business. My research found that, these body sellers get up to thirty thousand tshs per day. It is a huge amount of money for Tanzanians but are girls taxed? If yes are they taxed per day, month or per year? If no, then is Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) aware of that business taking place openly during the day time? Temeke Municipal aware of that trade? These girls earn money without being taxed, they escape tax simply because their firms are not registered and they are not entrepreneurs as such. However, our nation wants to eradicate poverty but this trade is not good for generating income to those girls. No, matter how carefull they are in using condoms but the girls probably have their contribution in the spread of STDs and HIV/AIDS. With no doubt this business, in accordance to our culture, is not acceptable at all. It has nothing to teach the young boys and girls who are passing there. 12 international news THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 German professionals criticise the new university structure By International Correspondent Michaela Tatus T he structure of the German University system radically changed in the last years, as Bachelor and Master Degrees were introduced at all universities in whole Europe . Criticism from the side of students and as well of many professors and lecturers is still severe. The former degrees of German University higher education were titled with, ''Diplom'', ''Magister'' and ''Staatsexamen'' which took four years and were regarded equivalent to a master degree. But these high quality degrees with a good reputation abroad were now changed to Bachelor and Master Degrees. In 1999, this reform was decided on the “ Bologna process“, with the aim to create a Europe-wide higher education area by making academic degree standards. The intention was to make degrees from all European countries comparable and compatible and to increase the mobility of students. The reason to reform the German system of higher education was to push students through their studies more quickly and to make them enter employ- ment earlier. But in many University courses, only the number of semesters were reduced, not the effort which is necessary to complete the course. Now students need to accomplish the same amount of lectures and seminars as before, but within 1 year less time. But as an additional problem, companies do not believe in the quality of this bachelor degree and therefore the reputation is not very good. It is quite hard to find a job with only a bachelor degree in Germany, because it is regarded as a low standard of academic education in Germany . The pressure which is put on students is high, because without an excellent grade you will not be allowed to do a masters degree which is regarded as a “full-fledged” course of studies. This is a big difference to other countries with the bachelor and master system, bachelor students are regarded as high qualified young professionals in Germany a bachelor degree is seen as a minor qualification. As there are not enough master degree programs offered, the pressure to have excellent grades is even higher. Only the best of the best will be able to reach this important qualification for the German CRITICIZED: German Federal Minister for Education Dr Annette Schavan. employment market. Apart from that, the tuition fee of about 500 Euro (approximately 1.000.000 Tanzanian Shilling) per semesters which was introduced in 2007 is criticized vehemently. In Germany , it is believed that all people shall have equal chances Editor imprisoned for criticising military junta I Mauritania n a move that surprised press freedom groups, a jailed Mauritanian editor of an online publication critical of the country's rulers was sentenced to a further two years in prison on 4 February, report the Arab Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI), the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) and Reporters Without Borders (RSF) The sentencing came despite the government's moves to improve press freedom, including what RSF calls "the best media legislation in the sub-region," adopted in 2005. After being detained for six months, Hanevy Ould Dehah, editor of "Taqadoumy", was sentenced for committing acts contrary to Islam and decent behaviour, report IFEX members. After completing his six-month sentence, he was held in prison illegally and subjected to another trial because of "procedural flaws in the first trial," reports CPJ. A military junta ruled the country from August 2008 until August 2009 and its leader, Mohammed Ould Abdel Aziz, has since been elected President, says CPJ. Coup leaders pressured the judges to deal a harsh sentence, reports ANHRI. "The sentence is a typical military police measure against a journalist with just a pen in his hand," says ANHRI. According to RSF, Mauritania ’s journalists have been campaigning for his release for weeks, organising rallies and pleading his case with the authorities. The Union of Mauritanian Journalists (SJM) has referred to his conviction as "a retrograde step as regards treatment of the media." "This case has damaged Mauritania ’s image and could discourage its international partners, especially if it goes before the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights. It is in the general interest to acquit him on appeal and release him at once," said RSF. to be educated. But especially for poor families it will be an additional barrier to make it possible for their children to study. For many students, it is hard to accomplish all this: less time for studying, excellent grades, earning money for living and the tuition fees. In addition to that it is recommended that students study abroad, do social commitment, learn languages and gain practical experience to be competitive towards others. An increase of illnesses like depressions, eating disorders, tinnitus and other psychical illnesses is already observed at German students as a result of overstress. The change from “Diplom” and “Magister” degrees to the new system caused chaotic conditions at some Universities. Professors and Lecturers themselves were not sure how to handle all these new requirements and procedures concerning the new system. Especially the first year of students had to deal which tremendous uncertainty associated with their studies. And as it is recognized now, it is even more complicate to study at another European university. After the reform it seems that study courses are not more compatible and the effort of students is not more comparable the opposite occurred. In 2009, there were big protests at German universities to criticize the new degree system and the resulting circumstances of studying. In 50 German cities around 85,000 students demonstrated. Students from over 20 German universities have been occupying lecture theatres around the clock in protest. Similar actions were organised in Austria and France . Education Minister Annette Schavan said that mistakes had been made in the conversion of old course formats into the new bachelor's and master's structures and the president of the German Universities Association, Bernhard Kempen mentioned that the complaints were wholly justified. The consequences of the reform are severe. Students need to work hard starting from their first semester; there is no time to orientate anymore. As the number of psychological problems among students increase, the ability and will to cooperate with fellow students regarded as competitors decrease. But especially for a country like Germany which has only few natural resources, education is one of the most important factors for the economic system. And this vital factor was reformed completely. China steps up restrictions on media, IFJ report says C Hong Kong hina has intensified efforts over the past year to control what the media can say, a report by the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) says. It says hundreds of regulations have been introduced since the Beijing Olympics in 2008 to restrict reporters writing on social unrest or scandals. Journalists were told they could only use the official Xinhua news agency during the 2008 tainted baby milk row. They were also told not to travel to report on the Sichuan quake in 2008. Other restrictions included a specific prohibition of topless photographs of actress Zhang Ziyi on a Caribbean beach, according to the IFJ report released in Hong Kong. It adds that China particularly targeted online media and chatter, often refusing online journalists official accreditation. Social networking sites organising public protest gatherings have particularly unnerved the Chinese authorities. Foreign journalists encountered violence and their equipment was destroyed in some cases, according to the report. But it adds that while the government has had some success in stopping information leaking out about social unrest, it is struggling to stop commentary from reaching the outside world. China has so far made no public comment on the IFJ report. BBC international features 13 THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 Special Rapporteur on the promotion T o mark their tenth year of collaboration, the four reporters on free expression issued a joint declaration last week outlining the ten main challenges to free expression in the next decade. The initiative was organized by Article 19 and the Centre for Law and Democracy. The statement emphasises the critical role of freedom of expression, including diversity and pluralism, as an "essential tool" to defend other rights and "as a core element of democracy." It also acknowledges the tremendous power of the Internet as a mechanism for "realising the right to freedom of expression and information." One key point made by the rapporteurs is that women, minorities, refugees, indigenous peoples and sexual minorities continue to struggle to have their voices heard and to access information that would empower them. The underrepresentation of disadvantaged groups within the media environment and insufficient coverage by the media of issues relevant to minority groups are obstacles to freedom of expression. Another far-reaching issue is state interference in the media. This influence includes political manipulation of public media so that it becomes a state mouthpiece, registration requirements for print media or Internet access, and government control over licensing or regulation of broadcasters. Criminal defamation continues to be a major impediment to free speech, say the rapporteurs. Most countries have laws that make it a crime to defame, insult, slander or libel someone or something, and only about 10 countries have fully decriminalised defamation. The rapporteurs are concerned by the "failure of many laws to require the plaintiff to prove key elements of the offence, such as falsity and malice" and laws that penalise true statements, accurate reporting or statements of opinion. Journalists face severe prison sentences, loss of civil rights and excessive fines as a result of repressive laws. The rapporteurs bring attention to the commercial pressures that shape the media's ability to disseminate information. Increasing concentration of media ownership can have a great effect on content diversity. Also, the "fracturing of the advertising market" can lead to "cost-cutting measures such as less local content" and "a decrease in investigative journalism." Violence against journalists is an ongoing threat, with "more politically motivated killings of journalists in 2009 than in any other year in the past decade." Other issues covered by the rapporteurs include: limits on the right to information, public funding support for public broadcasters, the idea of national security distorted and used to impose restrictions on free expression, blocking of websites and web domains.Source-AP Algeria ignores cold French affair F Haitian Voodoo priest, or houngan, Jul Mis (C) holds a Voodoo flag decorated with rinestones and sequins during a ceremony in a 40-year-old temple March 2, 2010 in Cite Soleil, Haiti. Two members of this Voodoo group were injured last week when they were attacked by a protestant Christian mob while attempted to hold a ceremony honoring the people killed in January's 7.0 earthquake. Voodooists also claim they are receiving less aid from international aid organizations because of their faith. Sanctions: Tsvangirai under pressure Z imbabwe’s Parliament has started debating a motion urging Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai to call for the lifting of Western sanctions imposed on the country in what could further widen cracks in the unity government. The motion was adopted after US President Barack Obama announced on Monday that he was extending sanctions against Zimbabwe for another year. President Obama said Zimbabwe still posed a “continuing and unusual threat to American foreign policy” despite the formation of a unity government last year. The European Union (EU) last month also renewed its visa ban and asset freeze against President Robert Mugabe and over 190 individuals from his Zanu-PF party for their roles in alleged human rights violations. Analysts say US and EU embargo has little effect on the performance of an economy weighed down by the ageing ruler’s questionable policies spanning over a decade. Last week, Zanu-PF youths gave Mr Tsvangirai a March 24 ultimatum to call for the lifting of the sanctions or face unspecified action as tension mounted in the inclusive government. Zanu-PF MPs seized on Mr Tsvangirai’s remarks on Monday that the EU must consider lifting the sanctions to push through the potentially divisive motion, which might also incite counter motions from President Mugabe’s coalition partners . A legislator from the former sole ruling party had tried to introduce the motion last month, but parliament had to adjourn after Mr Tsvangirai’s Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) party objected. The main MDC has rejected the motion and says there are no sanctions imposed on the country, but restrictive measures meant to encourage democratisation. Deputy Prime Minister Arthur Mutambara of the smaller MDC backed Zanu-PF in parliament, and called for the immediate removal of the sanctions. "These sanctions must go in toto and immediately. We are now together. Let us move so that we build a peaceful and prosperous democratic Zimbabwe," said Prof Mutambara. Mr Kudakwashe Bhasikiti, a Zanu-PF MP, who introduced the motion, maintained there was no malice against the Prime Minister. "What the Prime Minister said yesterday was an early New Year’s or an early Christmas box for the nation. We want our leaders to feel for the nation and suffering of the people,” he said.AFRICA REVIEW or many years, the relationship between Algeria and France has seesawed between adoration and repulsion, but it has lately hit a record low, an issue that is stirring debates and inspiring artistic productions, both in Algeria and France, even in Britain. In the thick of the drama featuring these two nations, is a pending visit by French minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Bernard Kouchner, which Algiers has not been very keen to facilitate. Some 125 Algerian parliamentarians have prepared to counter a French law that justifies French colonisation in Algeria and other dramatic events featuring the two one-time bedfellows. From Paris, the Sarkozy administration has introduced initiatives perceived as aimed at the former French colony. One such is President Nicolas Sarkozy’s pet project, the union for the Mediterranean Sea, which 44 countries have joined, but Algeria has refused to belong to. While some of the members consider the club that the adventurous French President opened in 2008 as a luxurious venue for relaxation, Algiers sees it as a subtle and disguised way to force a process of a normalisation of relations with Israel. The club brings together 44 countries - 27 from Europe and 17 from North Africa and the Middle East. The other issue that has caused discomfort in Algiers is the adoption by the French National assembly of a law seen by some analysts to glorify the positive effects of French colonisation, mainly in Africa. After this law was enacted, Algeria reacted angrily and asked for an apology and compensation from Paris, but nothing has come out of the spat. When President Sarkozy visited Constantine University, east of Algeria, he made it clear that there would be no compensation made. '‘There will be no public French excuses or compensation, but France will work towards setting up a foundation that enables us to look in the memory and historical dimension of the French presence,'' Said President Sarkozy during the 2007 visit. This utterance left the two countries pushing in different directions Diplomatic row The arrest in ‘undiplomatic manner’ of Algerian diplomat Mohamed Ziani Hasseni in Marseilles, south of France, on suspicion of taking part in the assassination of Algerian political opponent Ali Mecili in the 1990s in Paris last year, did not improve the situation. Six months later, Mr Hasseni was discharged, but his release did not save the worsening situation. Last year, ambassador General François Brishwaterl a French military attaché, accused the Algerian security forces of participating in the 1996 killings of six French monks in the Tibhirrine’ monastery, in Medea district, 75km south of the capital. Algerian authorities accused the terrorist Islamic armed group GIA of the assassination. Though the inclusion of Algeria on a French watchlist of countries which present potential terrorism risks to peace and security did not come as a surprise, Algiers was not amused. Although France remains the major trade partner of Algeria, the situation is changing. Already China, Spain and Italy are in a fierce competition to secure strategic projects on hydrocarbons, highways, public works and constructions. Also, financial law of 2009 and 2010, which introduced drastic measures to restrict goods imports, have affected the trade between the two countries, and reduced by 40 per cent the traffic at the harbour of Marseilles; a city in which live over half a million Algerians. On the long standing Western Sahara conflict, France publicly supports Morocco in its annexation of the former Spanish colony and opposes the diplomatic efforts of the United Nations special envoy and US ambassador Christopher Ross. On the other hand, Algeria supports a solution within the UN resolutions, which call for referendum of self-determination.REUTERS 14 Entertainment THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 Face of Africa 2010 O n Saturday February 6, in a stylish haute couture showcase 22-year-old Lukando Nalungwe from Zambia joined an exclusive group of winners when she was named the eighth and newest M-Net Face of Africa. The striking model scooped USD 50 000 from M-Net along with a modeling contract from O Model Africa and skincare products for 12 months from Iman Cosmetics. Re-invention and innovation were hot buzzwords for the global fashion community and in a two-hour show, screened live from Lagos to 47 countries across Africa, M-Net presented a bold new vision for the Face of Africa Final opting for an edgier version of a traditional runway show and presenting the models on a black, floor-based runway in a contemporary warehouse. With the Final themed to resemble the loading warehouse of an art museum, where precious gallery pieces are prepared for display, the staging included massive cargo boxes stamped with African destinations with extra-ordinary sized gold frames that showcased the fashion and the finalists; and packaging tape demarcating the runway from the show’s seated guests, it was a uniquely fresh approach to showcasing Afro-chic expression. The show hosted by Studio 53’s Fareed Khimani ( Kenya ) and former Face of Africa Kaone Kario ( Botswana ) with a guest appearance by last season’s Face of Africa Kate Menson ( Ghana ), the finale included entertainment from Nigerian superstar D’banj belting out his hits Suddenly and Fall in Love. Meanwhile soulful South African songstress Lira, shimmering in green silk, showed why she’s one of Africa ’s rising stars with two brilliant performances of her hits Feel Good and Believer! However, the night belonged to the TOP 10 – and from the minute that Nigeria’s Marvis kicked off the show, followed in rapid success by Tholakele (Zimbabwe), Lilian (Tanzania), Esperanca (Angola), Thembi (South Africa), Blessing (Nigeria), Rosanna (Zimbabwe), Diana (Kenya), Ernania (Mozambique) and Lukando (Zambia), it was very clear just who the stars of the show really were.Showing how much they’ve learnt during the Face of Africa search, which DStv audiences have been following for 15 weeks, the Face of Africa TOP 10 hit the catwalk with confidence, graceful as they strode down the catwalk resplendent in garments designed by the best of African designers. Among the record 26 designers sending their creations down the runway were a Nigerian contingent that included - Zizi Cardow, Frank Osodi, Odio Mimonet, Fati Asibelua, Folake Folarin-Coker, Ituen Basi, Adebayo Jones, Lanre Da Silva-Ajayi, Lisa Folawiyo and Yemi Osunkoya. Joining them were their counterparts from across the continent led by featured designers John Kaveke (Kenya) and David Tlale (South Africa)and including Anna Getaneh (Ethiopia), Kofi Ansah (Ghana), Anisa Mpungwe (Tanzania), Gloria WavaMunno (Uganda), Chakirra Claasen (Namibia), Cathy Kathunzi (Malawi), Koketso Chiepe (Botswana), Liz Ogumbo (Kenya), Taibo Bacar (Mozambique) and Angela Mulenga (Zambia).SOURCE-MnetAfrica 'Hurt Locker' producer barred from Oscars LOS ANGELES A Lukando Nalungwe How Celine Dion became the decade’s top earner C anadian pop diva Celine Dion is the top earner of the decade in the music world with her total earnings of $747.9 million from albums and concerts, Dion has left the likes of U2, Britney Spears and others way behind to top the Ultimate Top 10 list of the Los Angeles Times. However the Top 10 is not “the final word” on artists’ finances, said Los Angeles Times “With merchandising, product endorsements, song placements in movies and TV show, ring tones, website subscriptions and myriad other income sources, musicians today have seemingly limitless ways to bring in money. “But by combining two of the biggest revenue sources, the Ultimate Top 10 is a good indicator of which artists fans are spending the most money on,” it was said.In the Ultimate Top 10 list, Dion is followed by US country music star Kenny Chesney with $742 million. Third on the list is Dave Matthews Band from Virginia , with total earnings of $737.4 million. The Beatles are number four on DECADE'S TOP EARNER: Celine Dion the list, with $627.3 million, including $392 million from sales of 30.2 million albums, $221.4 million earned ex-Beatle Paul http://staalplaat.files. wordpress.com/2009/06/celine-dion.jpg McCartney, and $13.6 million by Ringo Starr. U2 is fifth with $609.7 million, Bruce Springsteen seventh with $588.3 million, and The Rolling Stones eighth with $569.6 million. Britney Spears is the last on the list with earnings of $494.3 million. “Despite a rocky decade personally and professionally, Spears pulled in $195.7 million at the box office and sold $298.6 million worth of albums for the 10-year period,” reported by Los Angeles Times. In Celine Dion’s earnings of $747.9 million, $522.2 million came in from concerts and $225.7 million from album sales during the decade. She has sold more than 200 million albums so far. The best-selling female artist of all time, Dion is the youngest of the 14 kids born into a poverty-stricken musical family in a small town near Montreal . Dion was guided to greatness by Angelil (whom she later married despite age difference of 26 years) who sold his house to finance the young girl’s first album in 1981. The album went on to become number one in her French-speaking Quebec province in Canada , paving the way for her stardom. Dion and Angelil became lovers but kept the affair under wraps, fearing that it will be frowned upon because he was 26 years older than her. They married in 1994.SOURCE-Culcuttatube.com producer of the war story "The Hurt Locker" will not be allowed to attend Sunday's Academy Awards because of e-mails he sent urging academy members to vote for his movie, Oscar overseers said Tuesday. But Nicolas Chartier will receive an Oscar at a later date if "The Hurt Locker" wins best picture. The executive committee of the producers branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences imposed the penalty on Chartier, who violated Oscar rules that prohibit mailings promoting a film and disparaging another. Chartier sent an e-mail Feb. 19 to some academy members asking for their support for "The Hurt Locker," "not a "$500 million film" — an obvious reference to blockbuster best-picture contender "Avatar." Subsequent e-mails, posted by the Los Angeles Times, showed Chartier asking Oscar voters to rank "The Hurt Locker" at No. 1 and "Avatar" at No. 10 among this year's expanded best-picture lineup of 10 films. Chartier apologized in a subsequent e-mail. "My naivete, ignorance of the rules and plain stupidity as a first-time nominee is not an excuse for this behavior and I strongly regret it," Chartier wrote. He did not immediately return a call Tuesday from The Associated Press seeking comment on the academy's penalty. Officials at Summit Entertainment, which released "The Hurt Locker," declined to comment. "Avatar" producer Jon Landau did not immediately return a call for comment. "The Hurt Locker" and "Avatar" have been at the head of the pack throughout awards season, and they lead the Oscar field with nine nominations each. "Avatar" won the Golden Globe for best drama, but "The Hurt Locker" has dominated honors from critics and key Hollywood trade groups, including guilds representing directors, writers and producers. At last month's British Academy Film Awards, "The Hurt Locker" also won out over "Avatar," taking six prizes, including best picture. Chartier is one of four producers listed on the film's best-picture nomination, along with "Hurt Locker" director Kathryn Bigelow, screenwriter Mark Boal and Greg Shapiro. Bigelow and "Avatar" director James Cameron were married from 1989 to 1991. The penalty against Chartier does not affect the other three producers, who are free to attend the Oscars. The academy announced its sanction against Chartier as Oscar balloting closed Tuesday. The producers branch stopped short of the harsher penalty of rescinding Chartier's nomination, which would have kept him from receiving an Oscar statuette if his film won.SOURCE:Yahoo News sport 15 THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010 More stress free nights at fpa U By Naamala Samson niversity students celebrated the New Year 2010 in a an event titled 2010 Stress Free Night which was prepared by Fine and Performing Arts Students Association (FPASA) at the University of Dar es Salaam. The event aimed at welcoming a New Year by showing different talents from students studying Fine and Performing Arts (FPA), The College of Engineering and Technologies (COET), School of Journalism and Mass Communication (SJMC) and some few were the upcoming artists. Peter Augustine, on behalf of FPSASAs’ president asked students to show off their creativity when attending artistic events like this and observe unity as an important tool in any artistic work. The event was opened by a second year student Diana Kamara with a solo dance performance, followed by Dance Choreography from a group of first and third year students who showed their talents accompanied by drums from Dance Choreography lecturer. Other actors were comedians from “Mejiki and John Komedi” who performed a stand-up comedy, mime directed by a third year student Theresia Makene and performed by the first year students, free styles and live band performances from first and second year students while Sakina exhibited her paintings. A very interesting and a surprising moment was when Vitali Maembe performed his inspirational songs which were mainly emphasizing on patriotism and the role of youth in building our nation. Mbwana Matumla Mbwana to challenge ugandan this month By Gervas Charles M GIRLS' AFFAIR: Sweden's Sara Linden (L) celebrates with team mate Linda Sembrant after scoring against China during their Algarve Women's Soccer Cup match in Albufeira mid this week. bwana Matumla will challenge Sunday Kizito from Uganda over the weekend this year for Ultimate Baseball Online (UBO) title championship Dar es Salaam . in Dar Speaking to the es Salaam recently the game coordinator Juma Ndambile has said that the event will be held at PTA hall, Sabasaba in Dar es Salaam . He added that the game will consist of 12 rounds where both boxers will be in a good position to show their fitness on the bantam weight ring battle. Ndambile also added that on very day, at the same centre will accommodate another game between Francis Cheka of Tanzania will be battling against the Zambian Steven Chungu on middle weight 12 rounds game to contest for ICB Title. “Is our expectation that both games will be one of the best game to be held because those boxers have good records in their recent fight performances,’’ he added. The coordinator told the reporter, that all the final preparations including the communication with boxers and promoters of the game are ready. Clarence seedorf, the true football icon C larence Clyde Seedorf (born 1 April 1976) is a Dutch footballer, who plays as a midfielder for Milan . He is the only player to win the Champions League with three different clubs. Seedorf is from a football family. His brothers Chedric, Rhamlee and Jurgen, his cousin Stefano and his nephew Regilio are all professional football players. His father, Johan, is a player agent [6]. Seedorf is married to Luviana, a Brazilian. He has four children and lives in Milan . In an interview with Nick Webster on Fox Soccer Channel's Center Circle program, Seedorf mentioned studying for the UEFA coaching designation. Although he is in his thirties, there have been no reports of imminent retirement and coaching. Seedorf started his career as a right midfielder for Ajax during the early 1990s. He made his professional debut on 29 November 1992 against Groningen at the age of 16 years and 242 days, making him the youngest debutant for Ajax ever. In his early career, he played a role in Ajax ’s Eredivisie (Dutch legue title) winning years of 1994 and 1995. He was also a key member during Ajax 's 1995 UEFA Champions League winning campaign. His performance during the season saw him move to Sampdoria in the summer of 1995, although he only spent one season there, he scored three goals. Seedorf moved to Real Madrid in 1996, helping that team regain the La Liga title in his first season. In his second season, 19971998, he played a major role in the team's Champions League success as Real Madrid secured a 1-0 victory over Juventus in the final, in his second Champions League title of his career. While playing for Real Madrid, Seedorf scored a notable goal against Atlético Madrid , a shot from around 45 meters away. Seedorf's spell at Real Madrid ended when he was transferred back to Italy during the 1999-2000 season - this time to Internazionale Milan, for 23 millions Euro as a transfer fee. Despite helping the team to the Coppa Italia final in 2000, a game that was eventually lost, Seedorf could not help bring any major silverware to the club. However, he will be remembered by many Inter fans for his two goals against Juventus in a 2-2 draw on the 9 March 2002, both of which were superb. After two years with Internazionale, Seedorf moved to city rivals Milan in 2002, exchanged with Francesco Coco. [4] He won the Coppa Italia with Milan in 2003, which was the first time they had won the competition in twenty-six years. In the same season, Seedorf gained his third Champions League medal with a third different team, after an all Italian final in which Milan beat Juventus on penalties after a 0-0 draw, despite Seedorf failing to convert his own penalty. As a result, Seedorf became the only player to have won Champions League trophies for three different clubs. The following season, 2003–2004, Seedorf played a role in the Milan side that won Serie A. It was also Seedorf's fourth national league title win of his career, after his two Dutch title wins with Ajax and his one Spanish win with Madrid . Seedorf played a major role as Milan reached the Champions League final again in 2005. He started the Istanbul tie against Liverpool in which Milan contrived to lose a 3-0 lead, eventually losing on penalties after a 3-3 draw. Seedorf did not take any of those spot-kicks. Milan also finished runners-up in the Scudetto to Juventus in 2005. A match-fixing scandal tarnished Serie A and Milan were weakened by the scandal but were allowed to continue in Europe the following season, which led to their best players staying at the club. Seedorf's role as foil to Kaká became increasingly impressive as the pair combined in style to score and supply the goals which drove Milan past Bayern Munich and Manchester United to another Champions League final, again against Liverpool, beating them 2-1 in Athens , with Seedorf collecting his fourth UEFA Champions League medal. In that same year, Seedorf was a part of a Milan squad which won the FIFA Club World Cup, becoming the first European player to win the trophy with two different clubs (Real Madrid in 1998). He ended up winning the Silver Ball for the competition. Source;Charles Gervas and agencies. HILL S The o b s e r v e r & L e i s u re 106.5 fm Still hot face-offs in League Guus Hiddink agrees twoyear deal with Turkey By Christopher Majaliwa T anzania mainland Vodacom Premier League frontrunner Simba Sport Club under a Zambian Patrick Phiri stewardship is still maintaining its leading position in second round run of the league having played sixteen times. Simba SC finished the first round with a record of its own as the only unbeaten team with total of 33 points. The second round has started showing slight difference and Simba’s anticipation of emerging the champions without being beaten has melted-off. The hopes of maintaining perfect win was interfered, when Simba dropped their first two points of the round after a 1-1 draw by Kagera Sugar in a very hard encounter at the Kaitaba Stadium in Bukoba. However Simba have to win only 3 games to be declared champions of the season. Three more games will make a total point of 55, points which can not be reached by any team in the league. Kagera Sugar Bukoba based team was the first team to offer a very stiff challenge to Phiri however they still remain at the top of the league by having made 46 points in 16 games, followed by the defending champions Young African 36 points making the difference of 10 points. Despite the fact that Simba is fighting tooth and nail to honor and maintain their record of being unbeatable in this 2009/2010 Vodacom Premier League. The tournament which started on 23rd August 2009 other competing teams is seen to be loosing hopes and direction. Teams which are on the fence and are on the tramp towards slumping include Toto Africa, Prison SC 12 points each and Moro united 13. On the other hand, the defending champions Young African under new coach, a Serbian, Kostadin Papic is maintaining perfect second round run by emerging victorious in all the games it played. From the five playoffs it encounters, Young African harvested 15 points with total of 12 goals out which international player a Kenyan Boniface Ambani after finishing the first round without scoring even a single goal, scored 4 goals, Mrisho Ngassa (5), Jerry Tegete (2) and Godfrey Bonny (1) Simba SC in the second round run, in five games it played it won four and drew one and made 13 points with total of 10 goals. Their aggressive and hazardous striker Mussa Hassan “Mgosi” has shaken their counterparts’ net six times and placing him at the top of the league as the best scorer by having a total of 12 goals. Other top scorers in the league are John Boko (Azam FC) and Mrisho Ngassa (Young African) who have both scored 10 goals each, Hussein Bunu (Ruvu JKT) 6, Yusufu Soka (Lyon) and Jerry Tegete (Young African) both have 5 goals each. Others are Yona Ndabila (Moro), Mbwata Samata ( Lyon ), Said Mkopi (Mtibwa) and Boniface Ambani (Young African) scored 4 goals each. Juma K Juma, who was the best goalkeeper in the first round run in the league, still maintainS the position by allowing only six goals to shake his net out of which four goals were put behind his net in the first round and only two goals have gone through his net in this second run. In the league Prison FC, is the leading team in getting bad results in games it played away followed by Toto Africa? Prison played 8 games away, out of which they lost 6, drew 2 and won 7. Toto Africa also played 9 games away out of which they won (1), when they legged against Kagera Sugar at the Kaitaba Stadium in Bukoba in the first round; Toto had an impressive win of 2-0 over their counterpart, they drew 1 and lost 7. Unlike Toto Africa which won only 2 games at the home stadium Prison have won 3 games. [email protected] Photo: File G uus Hiddink has turned down the chance to return to club management and has agreed a two-year deal to become the new coach of Turkey when his current deal with Russia expires this summer. Turkish Football Federation (TFF) president Mahmut Ozgener and vice-president Lutfi Aribogan flew out to Amsterdam to negotiate with Hiddink, who had already confirmed he would be leaving his current post. The TFF agreed a deal with the coach to lead Turkey into the qualifiers for Euro 2012. There is also an option for a further two years. A statement on the official TFF website read: "Dutch coach Guus Hiddink has accepted to take Turkey's helm until August 2012 after announcing he won't extend his contract with Football Union of Russia which was due to expire on 30 June." The former PSV and Real Madrid manager, who won the FA Cup during a spell as caretaker manager of Premier League side Chelsea last season, had been linked with a number of club sides - including Liverpool - but have opted to remain in international football. Former Turkey captain Oguz Cetin will be part of Hiddink's coaching team, while former Turkey goalkeeper Engin Ipekoglu will be goalkeeping coach. A Dutch assistant is set to be named later. The former Australia boss took charge of the Russian team in 2006 and steered them to the Euro 2008 semi-finals, having beaten England to a place in the tournament, but Russia then failed to qualify for this summer's World Cup. Hiddink also led Holland to the World Cup semi-finals in 1998 and South Korea to the same stage four years later. Turkey have been drawn alongside Germany, Austria, Belgium, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan in qualification for the upcoming European Championship in Poland and the Ukraine. ESPN ports ISSUE No. 017 March, 2010 Listen to Mlimani radio THE RED TEAM:Simba Sports Club in a group photo at the National Stadium.Could their earlier prospects of taking this year's league have melted off? This newspaper is prepared by students of the School of Journalism and Mass Communication of the University of Dar es Salaam and printed by Standard Printers P.O. Box 9033, Dar es Salaam.
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