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INSIDE:
ISSN: 1821—7370
ISSUE No. 017 March, 2010.
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SJMC to train radio documentary making country-wide ...page2
By Hill Observer Reporter
W
ebometrics’ latest ranking
for the world’s top universities show that Uganda's
Makerere University is now
the top-rated Higher Learning Institu-
By Katare Mbashiru
!
n
o
l Institutions should get common curricular ... page 3
tion in the continent besides Egypt and
South Africa.
Tanzania's University of Dar es
salaam comes at position 24 on the
continent, down from the top positions
it initially enjoyed in the Online frequency ranking.
However, the ranking is based on
the visibility of a University on the
Internet, the volume of its research
publications, and the general impact
of the information published on its web
pages. Makerere is now ranked 15th
on the continent, 44 place above their
ranking two years ago.
The University of Dar-es-Salaam
(UDSM) Deputy Vice Chancellor
(Academics) Prof. Makenya Maboko
however said that Webometrics’ ranking
does not consider the quality of educaContinues to page 3
Photo: John Alex
A
Continues to page 3
TShs 300/-
Why Makerere beat UDSM
in lofty place ranking
Ardhi
University
in for
changes
rdhi University has embarked on
implementation of its new ten
year plan (Corporate Plan) with
the view to enforce overhauling
changes at the institution.
The plan was revealed by the Ardhi
University Vice Chancellor Professor Idrissa
Mshoro at the Third Graduation Ceremony
of Ardhi University which was attended by
a many dignitaries and many government
officials.
Professor Mshoro said the university
has started to implement this strategic plan
from the 2009/2010 academic year and
would continue for ten consecutive years
until the 2018/2019 academic year when it
will have reached its targeted goals.
He said this plan is considering the
new status and the present environment at
the University. ‘’Different opportunities
and challenges have been occurring in the
market. The aim is to make sure that different changes are seen at the university,
at the country level and elsewhere in the
globe,’’ he emphasized.
He mentioned some achievements
which have already taken effect following
the implementation of this plan including
the increase number of students admitted
for 2009/2010 academic year where by
2150 students have been admitted at the
university compared to 1528 who were
admitted in 2008/2009.
Other achievements include the increase
of female students where as 286 students
have been admitted compared to 180 who
were admitted in the previous academic
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Local News
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
Women are the worst
victims of breast cancer
By Kaswaga Subira and
Matondo Neema
T
By, Katare Mbashiru
A
Photo: File
he current research statistics
show that women are more
affected by breast cancer than
men due to nature of women
body structure and hormones.
Dr. Lillian Mnabwilu, a member of
Medical Women Association of Tanzania (MEWATA) revealed this during
the Eleventh Memorial Anniversary of
Hubert Kairuki Memorial University held
at Mission Mikocheni Hospital (MMH)
in Dar es Salaam early this month.
The anniversary went together with
the free breast cancer check up for women
provided by the MMH in cooperation
with MEWATA where by more than 50
women attended and got the service.
Dr. Lillian said men are also victims of breast cancer and they should
have the habit of checking their health
regularly.
Dr. Lillian added that breast cancer
is among the diseases that cause women
deaths in Tanzania and assured them that
the disease is curable if they would attend
to the hospital at the early stage.
“Men also are affected by the breast
cancer. However it is found in a rare case
that’s why MEWATA concentrates more
on women but treatment is available for
both provided that the victims attend clinic
at the early stage,” said Dr Lillian.
She added that, breast cancer is the
only disease which a woman is able to
detect by examining herself following
the procedures that are provided by
health experts which is different from
other cancers whose detections need
doctor’s check up.
Commenting on that Dr. Brenda
Masawe from MEWATA said, ''up to this
moment there is no exact source of the
breast cancer but there are risk factors
associated with the problem and health
experts are conducting research to find
out the root causes for the disease.''
“The risk behaviours and factors are
inheritance, smoking, alcohol uses, late
delivering birth above 30 years, early
menstrual circle that is below 12 years
Optimism as
Higher Learning
Institutions
prepare for the
students week
Dr Twalib A. Ngoma,the Executive Director of the Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es Salaam.
and late stop of menstrual circle above
55 years,” said Dr. Brenda.
Dr Brenda said, a woman is able to
detect changes on her breast like changing of colour and presence of abnormal
glands by touching the breast as directed
by the doctor.
Sara Samson, one of the attendants
said, ''MEWATA is doing a good job on
educating women about breast cancer and
thanked MMH for free services offered
to the public regardless education and
economic status of the public.''
She however called upon MEWATA
to reach more people especially in rural
areas and asked the government and
other Non Government Organizations
(NGO’s) to contribute funds in order to
make MEWATA reach the large number
of people.
On her remark Dr. Clementine Kairuki,
the specialist doctor of women and
pregnancies at MMH said, the decision
to provide free service to women comes
as a way to practise the values of the
founder of MMH Hubert Kairuki,who,
worked for public good.
t least 800 students from
different Higher Learning
Institutions within and out
of the country are expecting
to participate in the 2010 International
Students Week be hosted in Dodoma
from 19th to 24th July.
The students week aims at giving the
youth an opportunity to discuss topical
issues, create solutions, practice diplomacy, leadership and learn from the best
in the field where as the main theme of
this year ISWIT is ‘’The voice of young
intellectuals on constructing Africa a
new: Come, Listen and Act.’’
Addressing the press in Dar es
Salaam , ISWIT Public Relations Officer
Mr. Harrison Mwilima said the conference will give students an opportunity
to discuss different issues that are facing
the world such as HIV/AIDS, cultural
heritage and political crisis in parts of
the world.
‘Students should use this opportunity
to exchange their knowledge by discussing
various global issues with their fellow
intellectuals from different parts in the
world,” said Mr Mwilima.
The International students’ week in
Tanzania is prepared and coordinated
by students from different schools and
colleges of the University of Dar es
salaam in collaboration with students
from other higher learning institutions
in the country under the supervision of
the Dean of students of the University of
Dar es salaam Dr. Martha Qorro .
Since it was held for the first time in
the year 1998, International Students week
in Tanzania has continued to facilitate
open discussions among the youth of
different higher learning institutions from
all over the world, and has remained the
only distinct event of its kind in African
continent as it was declared by Students
Organizing Conferences Everywhere
(SORCE) that deals with organizing
and publicizing such kind of events in
the world.
SJMC to train radio documentary making country-wide
By Eleuter Mbilinyi
T
he School of Journalism and
Mass Communication of the
University of Dar -es- Salaam, is
set to start a countrywide project
to train journalists on radio documentary
production.
The project entitled “Telling Our Own
Stories” will be supported by Tanzania
Media Fund (TMF) and implemented by
SJMC media experts, and is expected to
start in mid March this year as solid plans
are underway.
Briefing staff members during a
workshop on pre-project activities, the
SJMC Dean, Dr. Bernadeta Killian said
the decision to engineer the project was
reached by the school after making a
critical evaluation on Tanzania media
operations.“We surveyed broadly the
operations of the mushrooming electronic
media in Tanzania mainland; ultimately we
deduced that there is excessive reliance on
foreign made documentaries. This among
others is manifested by lack of skills on
documentary production by our local
media,” she said.
Enthused by the revelation and backed
by the potential intellectual property the
school bears, Dr Killian said SJMC resorted
to soliciting funds from TMF to cover the
operation costs of the project of which it
responded positively.
Speaking on the rationale of the project,
the project coordinator Dr. Augustine Hatar
said, the project is one way of implementing the TMF objectives as it will focus
on training journalists on investigative
journalistic skills and production of quality
documentaries that target localities where
the radio stations operate and reach.
Dr. Hatar further said lack of local
documentaries in broadcast stations in
Tanzania calls for deliberate interventions
to address the problem.
“Recently, we have noted that most
stations rely heavily on different types of
music programs and rarely cover in-depth
stories about serious developmental issues,
these call for the need to have a special
kind of training to equip journalists with
the art and techniques of documentary
production,” said Dr. Hatar.
The project will help journalists to
familiarize with theoretical approach on
documentary production, whereby journalists will start to put in account voices of
vulnerable groups as a way to achieving
national development vision of 2025.
The main focus of the project will
be National Strategy for Growth and
Reduction of Poverty (MKUKUTA), and
the UN- Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) whereby target regions include,
Dar es salaam , Pemba , and Morogoro.
Other regions will be Mtwara, Tanga,
Arusha, Kilimanjaro, Shinyanga, Mwaza,
Mara, Tabora, Kagera, Kigoma, Dodoma
Mbeya, Iringa and Rukwa.
Local news
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
3
‘Institutions should get common curricular’
The Hill Observer Reporter
T
he absence of the common
curricular among the Higher
Learning Institutions (HLIs)
in Tanzania has been identified
as amongst the big problems facing the
education sector.
The Tutorial Assistant of School of
Journalism and Mass Communication
(SJMC), Kamfipo Gideon said this during
an interview with the Hill Observer.
He said there is no unique standard
curricular pertaining to all Higher Learning Institutions as in primary or secondary schools in HLIs, each institution
is entitled to set for its own curricular
something which results into having
graduates with different knowledge on
the same field.
“Actually, it is a big problem, however
our Universities provide the same degrees
on the same field but students differ in
knowledge and skills because of variation
in curriculum set up,“ he said.
He added, some students fail to
study important courses related to their
field and the institutions may omit
these courses due to lack of curriculum
specification.
He urged the Tanzania Commission
for Universities (TCU) to clear out the
problem so that higher learning institu-
tions in Tanzania can be identified with
the same status.
As an example, he cited the University
of Dar es Salaam that, it provides the
first degree of Law (LLB) for four years
while others like Tumaini University
provides the same degree for three years,
yet all these graduates are expected to
serve within the same society. “In such
circumstance, you can see how these
graduates are likely to differ in material
content and productivity, it can also lead
to psychological torture among students
who pursue the first degree in three
years while others graduate in the same
field after attending for four years“, he
explained.
As the way to rectify the situation,
TCU is right now holding discussion
with various education stakeholders to
see how this situation will immediately
be combated.
Ardhi
University
in for
changes
Continued from page 1
BATTLE OF HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS. Above is the Senate building at Makerere University which took this year's top East Africa
spot that has always been a preserve of the University of Dar es Salaam in online rankings.
UDSM:It was online ranking
Continued from page 1
tion a particular institution offers but on
its visibility on the internet.
When the rankings were first released,
University Authorities criticized them,
saying most of their publications are
not packed into the internet.
At Makerere,authorities also reacted
by setting up a committee headed by
the Director of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) support,
to come up with appropriate solution to
improve its presence on the web.
The committee observed that for
Makerere University to score highly,
its web presence should be on a continuous basis.
It issued a document which proposed
immediate (tactical) and intermediate
(strategic) measures that will ensure an
adequate web presence and subsequent
higher ranking.
“Whereas Makerere might be performing much better than other institutions
in both academic and research terms, as
long as the outputs are not disseminated
online, her ranking is bound to suffer,”
the committee noted in its report.
Acting University Vice Chancellor,
Prof Venansius Baryamureeba said that
Makerere will be among the top ten
in Africa when the next rankings are
released.
“We have put lecturers’ publications
and students’ dissertations online,” Prof.
Baryamureeba said. “We shall make sure
that students have web pages and blogs
to facilitate interactions online.”
The domain approach
The committee, which was set up to
study approaches to increase the University’s ranking noted that the domain
makerere.ac.ug is an alias of the primary
domain mak.ac.ug.
This implies that when one types
makerere.ac.ug into a browser, the
request is redirected to see the contents
of mak.ac.ug.
To resolve this, the University
adopted a shorter domain to facilitate
creating sub domains for various units
that are used for email addressing and
websites.
However, the university agreed to
continue to maintain makerere.ac.ug for
historical reasons and name recognition
of the Makerere brand. This explains the
bigger number of pages indicated under
mak.ac.ug compared to makerere.ac.ug.
In terms of number of pages, Makerere
has now out competed Dar-es-Salaam,
but still does poorly in comparison to
Cape Town.
“While makerere’s mak.ac.ug domain
is comparable to Dar-es-Salaam’s udsm.
ac.tz in terms of size, her ranking woes
in the past have been compounded by
the fact that Webometrics until recently
used only makerere.ac.ug for ranking
purpose
Prof. Baryamureeba said: “We have
made efforts to put all websites which
are part of Makerere on the Makerere
domain. We must ensure that all faculties
and other academic units have websites
which are linked to the main Makerere
domain.”
The committee also observed that,
“The number of pages that make up the
University’s online presence is critical
because it directly affects size indicators
used by Webometrics which accounts
for 20 per cent of the ranking.
In addition, the number of pages
indirectly affects the visibility indicator,
since the more pages a domain has, the
more in links that it is likely to receive
into these different pages. Visibility
accounts for 50% of the ranking.”
Other measures that have helped
improve the rankings; have been to
review of the web templates and design
guidelines, creation of an archive and
publicizing Makerere’s historical data,
as well as listing library OPAC in Open
World Cat.
Rankings and quality
The ranking is considered an indicator of the impact and prestige of the
university and its commitment to disseminating research outcomes.
However, the ranking does little to
reflect the quality of academic performance of other players like students.
Even scholars like Prof Baryamureeba
admitted the ranking might not be 100%
accurate.
“It is not 100 percent accurate but it
gives you the quality of research at the
institution,” Prof Baryamureeba said.
“When you look at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and Harvard
University which are ranked to be the
best in the world, there are a lot of
online interactions, and they publish all
their documents, workshop reports and
research online.”
year.
Professor Mshoro said the increase of
female students was necessitated by a four
weeks special course which was inaugurated
last year to female students who passed their
form six examinations at lower marks that
does not give them an opportunity for being
admitted at Ardhi University .
The University Senate decided to add
new different diploma and degree programmes
which aim at increasing admissions. These
programs include Bachelor of Science in
Civil Engineering, Bachelor of Arts in
Economics, and Bachelor of Science in
Information Management Systems.
Others include Postgraduate Diploma
in Housing, Masters of Science in Housing
and Masters of Science in Disaster and Risks
Management. These students started to be
admitted to these programme in the 2009/
2010 academic year.
The University has inaugurated the
Land Administrative Unit for the purpose
of monitoring different activities pertaining to Land.
He reiterated that this unit will assist
the government in different responsibilities
including implementation of the National
Land policy of 1995, the National Settlement Development Policy of 2000 and all
laws concerning Land.
A total 419 students graduated in
different programmes where as 314 were
awarded different degree, 77 were awarded
Postgraduate Diploma and Master’s Degrees
and other 28 graduates were awarded
Bachelor Degrees in Geomatics.
ACCURACY
At 'The Hill Observer' we
believe in accuracy as the basis
for Journalism practice. Any
accuracy concern within the
paper should be addressed to:
[email protected]
4
opinion
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
Editorial
Thumbs up for JK on
elections funds, but...
P
resident Jakaya Kikwete’s emphasis on the financial behaviour for all politicians in the forthcoming general elections
is commendable.
The Head of State put an uncommon emphasis on the
matter during the end of month address, noting that he supports fully
the Elections Expenses Bill with all confidence that all politicians and
their parties adhere to its provisions during elections.
In the Act, there is particular ceiling to how much a politician and
their parties can use when they carry out their campaigns at all levels.
It also indicates indicative and cap financial budgets and provides for
them to disclose the source of their funds as well.
Mr Kikwete vowed to ensure credibility of the country's democracy
by imposing tighter controls on election financing.
It is such a sense of importance that he put to the coming law when
he said that he would assent to the Election Expenses Bill that was
passed by the National Assembly in Dodoma, last month.
He said the measures in the proposed law were crucial to ensuring
the credibility of the councillors, legislative and presidential elections
in October, and the fourth to be held since the country returned to
multi-party political system.
The whole electoral process... right from nomination of a candidate
by a political party to actual election and activities after the polls can
all be subjected to legal scrutiny under the new law.
The president said his government, after extensive deliberations
decided to have the new act to curb corruption in elections noting that
if implemented properly, the new law would make leadership in the
country transparent to all.
The president said the government wants process of nomination of
candidates by their respective political parties to be legally recognised
and monitored by law.
He added that income and expenditure for political parties will
be monitored as well as election expenses for political parties and
their candidates.
But it should also be noted that it is a government responsibility
to bring the Information and Communications Bill to Parliament for
tabling, debating and passing before the general elections.
Many Parliamentary Committees and the Media Council of Tanzania
who have debated the issue on different forums see the need of some
measures of special media regulations during the coming election as
being part of the process of "levelling the playing field".
While there is an existing government policy on media, the government has called for its review at a time when a Bill is in the offing.
It would not be fair to leave the media under a system of voluntary
self-regulation, whereby the media agree to adopt a series of selflimiting regulations because of the special demands that come during
the election period.
Having been on the ministry shelves for almost a full presidential
tenure now, it is important that the Media Bill comes out of the closet
for debate by the House as we head towards a really demanding election period.
EDITORIAL TEAM
Chief Editor Lazaro Felix
Assistant
Noela Oyugah
News Editor
Mtweve Sturmius
Assistants Nicholaus Evodus
Kadama Malunde
Eleuter Mbilinyi
Features Editor
Subira Kaswaga
Assistants Katare Mbashiru
Festo David
Sports Editor
Mtulya Athuman
Marketing & Advertising
Mwaikenda mwita
Assistant
Naamala Samson
EDITORIAL ADVISORs
Dr. Masoud Nassor
Mrs Edda Sanga
Miss Eva Solomon
Mr Paul Dotto
University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 4067, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
email: [email protected]
This newspaper is prepared by students of the School of Journalism and Mass Communication
of the University of Dar es Salaam.
Debate: Do our elites
retain Nyerere’s legacy?
By Selestine Leonard
A
ny nation without history is
like a big building without a
foundation.
In this commentary, lets
put our focus on the roles of our intellectuals in advancing well guarded legacy
as that of the nation's founder, Mwalimu
Julius Nyerere.
Paraphrasing some of his speeches,
Mwalimu Nyerere once noted that any
educated Tanzanian should always return
to help those behind him or her, with
a view that person is not perceived a
community traitor.
Referring to this contention, education
is not a private property. It is a public
property. It should be shared. The food ,in
this case, is knowledge, skills, and ideas
which should be shared equally. How
should we share education-(food)?
Following government attack on
students, the late Justice Hugo Black
said, “No country can live in freedom
where its people can be made to suffer
physically or financially for criticizing
their government, its actions, or its
officials.”
Many intellectuals like to work in
urban areas. For them, sharing practical
knowledge with villagers is like a taboo.
People tend to be satisfied with the bridge
between elites and non-elite. Majority
elites dream to live in towns forever while
the rest remain in rural areas as farmers.
Who should make Kimisi forestry like
Mbezi, Masaki and so on?
During old times, the government
could ensure that an intellectual is forced
to work in needy areas. Development
strategies were not negotiable. Under
“Mwalimu” everybody was moulded to
work for the public gain. The slogan “Uhuru
na Kazi” and “Ujamaa na Kujitegemea”
made people more and more responsible.
“Don’t think that I did not get employment opportunity. I got a direct teaching
post. Although I like teaching, I decided
to reject teaching post because the school
is allocated in the village. I have to join
military training simply it has huge salary!” said a graduate.
I think there is nothing wrong with
ideas of such intellectual. The poor intellectual might have been disturbed in early
education stage. The society perceives
village life as hell while urban life is
as precious as heaven. Who should be
blamed for such misconception?
Look, education prepares people to
work in offices. Many offices are allocated
in towns and cities. Most services such
as electricity and newspapers are firstly
targeted in town before reaching rural
areas. Should some government offices
be allocated in rural areas?
“Since national elites are squeezed in
towns and cities, rural-urban migration
is inevitable. You should follow the one
on ladder before he descends. Don’t wait
for him down! Dar-es- Salaam is for us
all,” stressed a graduate from Tanzania
School of Journalism and Mass Communications of UDSM.
Education without patriotism means
slavery. Tanzania is eager to develop. In
development process, indigenous intel-
lectuals should monitor resources such as
land, minerals, wild animals, mountains
and forestry.
Many nations such as France and UK
invested in human resources earlier. The
main drivers of investment were elites
and sub-elites. Interestingly, Indonesia
employed graduates to improve agriculture
in early 1960s. Why can’t we make it?
Verifying the essence of elites in
social change, Professor of Politics and
Sociology, John Higley,a former Justice
of the United States said, “Disunited
national elite, which is the most type,
produces a series of unstable regimes
that tend to fluctuate between authoritarian and democratic forms over varying
intervals.”
Further, Professor Higley said, “Consensually unified national elite, which is
historically much rarer, produces a stable
regime that may evolve into a modern
democracy, as in Sweden , or Britain , or
the United States , if economic and other
facilitative conditions permit.”
Time has come for the government
to utilize indigenous intellectuals in critical and potential areas such as mining,
agriculture, education, and culture. This
should be done by giving special incentives
such as food, transport and so on.
If the poor graduates had been prepared
psychologically to work for villagers,
there would not be any obligation to
shun away from the teaching career!
The government should be liable for
its intellectuals. Let us not be scared.
Development is gradual.
[email protected] or [email protected]
OBSERVER's Quote
If the United States of America or Britain is having elections, they don't ask for observers from Africa or from Asia . But when we have elections, they want observers.
-Nelson Mandela.
opinion
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
Photo:File
women's corner
What you ought to
know about men in
your relations
I
ACTIVE IN A CLASS SESSION: Students in Private schools will not benefit from the government's decision to
cancel Form Four examination fees. Some commentators contest the fairness of the decision to keep them out.
At Education Ministry, where
solutions are not solutions
By Majaliwa Christopher
W
hen simple answers and
light solutions are given to
complex questions and difficult situation respectively
the fall out is nothing rather than praising
ignorance, the great enemy of the father of
the nation late Mwalimu Julius Nyerere!
Early this year, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training led by Prof
Jumanne Maghembe as a Minister with
assistance of Hon. Mwamtumu Mahiza
and Gaudencia Kabaka as Deputy Ministers
announced to have cancelled examination fee for both form four and form six
candidates. However this exemption is for
government schools only.
For those who view the world in a three
dimensional approaches, this decision
made by the Ministry cannot be praised
but instead be criticized as it gives a room
for social stratification.
Besides creating social classes, the
Ministry gives the solution in inappropriate
areas. There are areas where rectifications
are necessary but are left and instead
where problems are not seen solutions
are given.
Tanzania lacks enough government
schools that are why some students who
fail to get admission in government schools
join private schools.
For students being admitted in private
schools does not mean that they should
not enjoy such privilege because all are
Tanzanian’s and they have rights as others
from government schools.
If the Ministry reached this decision
because of poverty among government
school students it is wrong because students get admission at government school
because they passed exams and there is
a chance.
Others go to private schools because
either they have failed or passed but there
is no chance, or because their parents
value education they sent their kids at
private school.
At least the decision would have been
fruitful and convincing if and only if there
would be appropriate statistics showing
number of candidates who failed to sit
for the Certificate of Secondary Education
Examination (CSEE) and Advanced Secondary Education Examination (ACSEE)
because of examination fee at government
schools only.
However, that could not be enough
because some students are schooling at
private schools under hard conditions
since they come from poor families but
they manage to pay the examination fee
because they fear their result to be withheld and fines.
In my view, I do not see the logic of
this decision and instead the ministry could
start solving the crucial problems before the
simplest and illogic one. It should mention
and measure weights on various problems
facing this sector.
There are usual problems of rapid
increase of tuition fee in private schools,
poor learning environment among government schools, unnecessary contributions
such as buildings in secondary and primary
schools.
The problem of massive failure in
national examinations from standard seven
to form six, oppressive and unfair cost
sharing policy in higher learning and the
phenomenon of examination fee.
Which problem should be given immediate and quick solutions? Here are the
arguments to support the claim that canceling examination fee is a right solution but
inappropriate towards improving quality of
education in Tanzania .
First, this decision is a poor strategy
towards successful objectives. In Form
Two national examination results, many
candidates extremely failed. A reason for
the failure is lack of teachers.
Most public secondary schools in
Tanzania have no enough and qualified
teachers.
A question which does not even require
a rational mind to answer, can a student
brought up in such a poor environment
with unqualified knowledge deliverers
be successful? The ministry does not see
this as major downside towards improving
quality of education in Tanzania .
Moreover, in Certificate of Secondary
Education Examination (CSEE) results the
same lyrics named “failure” continues. In
CSEE result of 2009 announced on February the failure rate has increased by more
than 10 per cent .
How do you expect a candidate who
is not well taught to pass an examination?
It does not only surprise but also makes
people laugh. Government spends a lot
of money in preparing form two national
examinations but at the end of the day both
who pass and fail join form three, one year
later both sit for CSEE.
When results come out, that same
song on failure is still sung! This is due
to some poor background and strategies
in our education system.
Under this situation, one of the eight
UN Millennium Development Goals of
improving quality of education which
192 United Nations member states and at
least 23 international organisations have
agreed to achieve by the year 2015 will
take Tanzania a century to achieve.
In Tanzania, higher learning institutions
tuition fees range from Tsh 1.3 million to Tsh
2.5 million. Under that what they call cost
-sharing policy students are sponsored by
the government through Higher Education
Students Learning Board (HESLB) basing
on the means –testing system.
From this means- testing, other students
are supposed to fully cover their tuition
fees. Most of Tanzanians live under $ US
dollar per day and their ability to handle
such fees is highly questionable.
[email protected]
By Robin Ulikaye
anticipate innumerable criticisms from some of my colleagues (men),
terming me an extremist on women issues.
It reminds me of how some of my female readers who query why
I should continue filling this women’s corner while I am a male.
I will rate those as unscrupulous wiles that I bet you had better shun
and join me for another column.
What you have to know about him is more than important because
your partner is a strange creature with unique traits. Men and women have
some common traits but they are quite heterogeneous in some biological
aspects.
Knowing something in common between men and women, will make
it easier for you to decide your better way of choosing a man to be your
partner or apply some good-living mechanisms if you are already engaged
or married to one.
Most men have a preference to be seen tremendous especially when
they have to face a woman challenger who is better than them, this is true
when you refer to traditions that made men here in Africa .
Due to this, there is a narrow exception of modern men because that
trait of feeling superior in all things than women is innate, only few men
will admit that they have been outstripped by women in something and
if they admit you will see them quit silently while bending their heads
down shamefacedly.
Men are always generous to females; they receive women with excitement
even if they don’t know anything about them at all, if you are accustomed
to seeing men distressed especially those whom you know then try to be
near him and ask, hey!
Dear, you seem nervous today what is the cause ? Then you will on
the odd occasion hear him tell you it is because of this and that, rather he
will barely try to hide his emotions and release himself.
Most men are selfish; research in social sciences other than economics
indicates substantial differences in behavior between men and women (Catherine C.Eckel). The general conclusion drawn from this work is that women
will be more socially oriented and men more individually oriented.
Take an example of simpler effects like say, biding farewell to an individual who is worthy to receive a simple token of love like a card, flower
or something else, most men in here (Tanzania) will tell you ash!
It’s not useful for toiling with simpler stuff like this, they never consider what uplifting impulsion such simple things craft to someone who
receives them. This is just one example forget about married men taking
simple eating stuff to their homes like fruits or chocolates to kids etc
For most men such stuff is just wastage of time, but you will stay to
see a man stationed in a burger hut, Beer pub or elsewhere congratulating
his stomach while telling a wife hey mama sina hela (hey wife! I don’t
have money).
Women seem to differ from men in mental disposition, chiefly in their
greater tenderness and less selfishness man delights in competition and this
leads to ambitions which pass too easily into selfishness.
Such a phenomenon seems so biased but it has been referred from Mr.
Charles Darwin 1874 p.586 believe me though it is in that way still you
will bear with me in as far as the above Para is concerned.
Men are from Mars and women are from Venus. What do I mean
here? I mean equality regardless of gender or dogma is a maxim that is
crucial to our modern day society especially when you have to maintain
your social-economic interactions in good manners so that you live in
peace and harmony.
The innate difference of men and women makes the balance of life as
I wrote in my past column when I emphasized the importance of women
finding male friends.
Even though many social theorists believe that, gender and anatomical
sex refer to two distinct and separate constructs as each develops at different times and in different parts of the body.
If you didn’t know such distinctive traits on the side of men, get it
right and make a better selection of life partner so as not to regret on the
way that “ I am fed up of you, I regret to have known you…!” while it’s
too late!
[email protected]
5
Local News
6
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
Udsm student
scoops Google
wikipedia
grand prize
I
By Mwaikenda Mwita
t was a moment of honour recently
when a student from the School of
Journalism and Mass Communication (SJMC) of the University of Dar
es Salaam bagged the Google Wikipedia
Grand Prize.
Maria Alphonce, a second year student
won a laptop worth of US$ 1,066, for
successfully translating English articles
into Swahili in the Google-Wikipedia
competition. Speaking to The Hill Observer,
Maria Alphonce, pursuing Bachelor of
Arts in Public Relations and Advertising
said she participated in the competition
because she wanted to augment Swahili
information via African online.
“I am more than happy not only because
of the prize but because I was able to add
something vital to the information age for
others to consume,” she said.
Maria, a Mlimani radio(106.5 fm)
presenter who produces a radio programme
known as ‘Harakati za Wanawake’, attributed her victory to her devoted efforts
and proper management of her occupied
daily routine.
In the message circulated to the
Sjmc
trains
students on
best media
practices
By Festo David
S
I am more than happy not
only because of the prize
but because I was able to
add something vital to the
information age for others to
consume
UDSM staff, Dr. Juma Lungo, from the
Department of Computer Science who
also participated in coordinating the
competition said the prize has taken the
UDSM a notch higher.
“Join me to celebrate and congratulate
our students for pushing the UDSM flag
to zenith, and their hard work and passion
for Kiswahili in the media,” he said.
Earlier, it was noted that since the
launch of Kiswahili Wikipedia Challenge
in November last year, there has been a
significant growth of the Swahili literary
works on Wikipedia.
“In the first month alone, Swahili
Wikipedia grew by 30% percent from 2.2
million words which can be compared to
single digit organic growth for many African languages like Afrikaans and Zulu,”
WINNING SMILE: Maria Alphonce banked the honour from Wikipedia
a statement from Google noted.
Google Wikipedia Competition started
in November last year and involved students from University of Dar -es- Salaam
(UDSM), Dar es Salaam Institute of
Technology (DIT), Institute of Finance
Management (IFM) of Tanzania and
Kenyan Universities.
Graduates urged to get entrepreneurial skills
By Jalud Msangi and Samson
Sara
T
anzanian graduates fail to have
self-employment due to lack of
capital and skills about entrepreneurship.
A survey by 'Hill Observer' among
some graduates of 2008/2009 from the
University of Dar es Salaam tells a
similar account of the challenges they
face in the aftermath.
Alex Abraham one of the graduates
said, “it is not true that Tanzania graduates do not like to employ themselves
and be entrepreneurial like their fellows
in other countries, they are slowed down
by a lack of capital and skills on how to
start own business projects.”
He said education system is largely
based on theory than practical, making
it difficult for a student to lack a selfemployment attitude on grounds that one
cannot put knowledge into practice.
Due to that, many students prefer to
be employed first in order to get experience and generate capital for not less
than two years before attached to self
employment.
William Venus, a graduate from
GETTING READY: Graduands being conferred their degrees.
College of Engineering and Technologies (COET) said English language is
another challenge facing some Tanzania
graduates as some fail to get employment due to lack of proficiency in the
language considered the regional working
lingua franca.
He emphasized that the government
should take this into action as the national
problem since most of University students
are suffering from this problem and all
of us must appreciate the role of this
foreign language in employment opportunities and nothing works if people do
not communicate.
“We may see this as a simple problem and everyone knows it but some
days our nation will be suffering from
having educated society which can not
communicate to show their skills and
ability in working.
This will have the side effects since
most of the employment opportunities
will be handled by foreigners,” said
William.
Deogratius Salit argued the fact that
our government does not value home
investors and entrepreneurs is very discouraging for them and for others who
have a dream.
In addition to that, he said foreign
investors are now coming with their own
workers from their home that are paid
more and only reserve a few opportunities
for local graduates who have to tolerate
less payment.
chool of Journalism and
Mass Communication
(SJMC) of the University of Dar es Salaam
last week trained some of the
students who would be attached
to Mlimani Media.
The Mlimani Media Manager,
Edda Sanga said the training was
purposely for achieving the goal
and mission of the school to equip
students with knowledge and
skills of broadcasting and writing
in Journalism profession.
She however noted that, the
training intended to benefit the
students according to their area of
interests which are Camera section,
working in Transmission room
(TX), visual editing, presenters,
producers and reporters.
She said the move aimed at
meeting the journalism profession
demands in Tanzania whereby
well trained and skilled upcoming
journalists should come from the
Tanzania Media Learning Institutions, SJMC being one.
“Lack of journalists who are
skilled and well equipped for
preparing television and radio
documentaries has anticipated
SJMC this time to include number
of students who will be trained
under this aspect,” said Edda
Sanga.
She also pointed out that
the training provided crucial
knowledge and understanding
on how to do presentation and
production of various programs,
programme scheduling, visual
editing, reporting and operating
Transmission room (TX).
She said the school intends
to prepare people who can run
various programmes in English,
including broadcasting English
news which is among the school
strategy and it will soon be
introduced on Mliman Radio and
Mlimani Television.
Ms Sanga said there are still
some of the challenges among
students who are selected to join
the training since some find it
difficult to work in these media
houses and it is partly due to
school activities.
She noted that some of the
graduates find it difficult to
get employment once they finish school because they have
never experienced practical media
activities.
INSIGHTS/Speech / poemS
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
An old dream that came true
Martin Luther King Jr. popular Speech '' I have a Dream'' delivered
on August 28, 1963 at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.
I
am happy to join with you today in
what will go down in history as the
greatest demonstration for freedom
in the history of our nation.
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand
today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a
great beacon light of hope to millions of
Negro slaves who had been seared in the
flames of withering injustice. It came as
a joyous daybreak to end the long night
of their captivity.
But one hundred years later, the Negro
still is not free. One hundred years later,
the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled
by the manacles of segregation and the
chains of discrimination. One hundred
years later, the Negro lives on a lonely
island of poverty in the midst of a vast
ocean of material prosperity. One hundred
years later, the Negro is still languished in
the corners of American society and finds
himself an exile in his own land. And so
we’ve come here today to dramatize a
shameful condition.
In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s
capital to cash a check. When the architects
of our republic wrote the magnificent words
of the Constitution and the Declaration of
Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was
to fall heir. This note was a promise that
all men, yes, black men as well as white
men, would be guaranteed the “unalienable
Rights” of “Life, Liberty and the pursuit
of Happiness.” It is obvious today that
America has defaulted on this promissory
note, insofar as her citizens of color are
concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred
obligation, America has given the Negro
people a bad check, a check which has come
back marked “insufficient funds.”
But we refuse to believe that the bank
of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe
that there are insufficient funds in the great
vaults of opportunity of this nation. And
so, we’ve come to cash this check, a check
that will give us upon demand the riches of
freedom and the security of justice.
We have also come to this hallowed
spot to remind America of the fierce
urgency of Now.
This is no time to engage in the luxury
of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing
drug of gradualism. Now is the time to
make real the promises of democracy.
Now is the time to rise from the dark and
desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit
path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift
our nation from the quicksands of racial
injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.
Now is the time to make justice a reality
for all of God’s children.
It would be fatal for the nation to
overlook the urgency of the moment.
This sweltering summer of the Negro’s
legitimate discontent will not pass until
there is an invigorating autumn of freedom
and equality.
Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but
a beginning. And those who hope that the
Negro needed to blow off steam and will
now be content will have a rude awakening
if the nation returns to business as usual.
And there will be neither rest nor tranquil-
Martin Luther King, Jr. detested discrimination with all vehemence.
ity in America until the Negro is granted
his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of
revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of
justice emerges.
But there is something that I must
say to my people, who stand on the warm
threshold which leads into the palace of
justice: In the process of gaining our rightful
place, we must not be guilty of wrongful
deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst
for freedom by drinking from the cup of
bitterness and hatred. We must forever
conduct our struggle on the high plane of
dignity and discipline. We must not allow
our creative protest to degenerate into
physical violence. Again and again, we
must rise to the majestic heights of meeting
physical force with soul force.
The marvelous new militancy which has
engulfed the Negro community must not
lead us to a distrust of all white people, for
many of our white brothers, as evidenced
by their presence here today, have come
to realize that their destiny is tied up with
our destiny. And they have come to realize
that their freedom is inextricably bound
to our freedom.
We cannot walk alone.
And as we walk, we must make the pledge
that we shall always march ahead.
We cannot turn back.
There are those who are asking the
devotees of civil rights, “When will you
be satisfied?” We can never be satisfied
as long as the Negro is the victim of the
unspeakable horrors of police brutality.
We can never be satisfied as long as our
bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel,
cannot gain lodging in the motels of the
highways and the hotels of the cities. We
cannot be satisfied as long as the negro’s
basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to
a larger one. We can never be satisfied as
long as our children are stripped of their
self-hood and robbed of their dignity by
signs stating: “For Whites Only.” We
cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro
in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro
in New York believes he has nothing for
which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied,
and we will not be satisfied until “justice
rolls down like waters, and righteousness
like a mighty stream.”¹
I am not unmindful that some of you
have come here out of great trials and
tribulations. Some of you have come fresh
from narrow jail cells. And some of you
have come from areas where your quest
-- quest for freedom left you battered by
the storms of persecution and staggered
by the winds of police brutality. You
have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith
that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go
back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama,
go back to South Carolina, go back to
Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back
to the slums and ghettos of our northern
cities, knowing that somehow this situation
can and will be changed.
Let us not wallow in the valley of
despair, I say to you today, my friends.
And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have
a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the
American dream.
I have a dream that one day this
nation will rise up and live out the true
meaning of its creed: “We hold these
truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the red
hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves
and the sons of former slave owners will
be able to sit down together at the table
of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the
state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with
the heat of injustice, sweltering with the
heat of oppression, will be transformed
into an oasis of freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little
children will one day live in a nation
where they will not be judged by the
color of their skin but by the content of
their character.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day, down in
Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its
governor having his lips dripping with the
words of “interposition” and “nullification”
-- one day right there in Alabama little
black boys and black girls will be able to
join hands with little white boys and white
girls as sisters and brothers.
I have a dream today!
I have a dream that one day every
valley shall be exalted, and every hill and
mountain shall be made low, the rough
places will be made plain, and the crooked
places will be made straight; “and the glory
of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh
shall see it together.”2
This is our hope, and this is the faith
that I go back to the South with.
With this faith, we will be able to
hew out of the mountain of despair a
stone of hope. With this faith, we will be
able to transform the jangling discords of
our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood. With this faith, we will be
able to work together, to pray together, to
struggle together, to go to jail together, to
stand up for freedom together, knowing
that we will be free one day.
And this will be the day -- this will be
the day when all of God’s children will be
able to sing with new meaning:
My country ‘tis of thee, sweet land of
liberty, of thee I sing.
Land where my fathers died, land of
the Pilgrim’s pride,
From every mountainside, let freedom ring!
And if America is to be a great nation,
this must become true.
And so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.
Let freedom ring from the mighty
mountains of New York.
Let freedom ring from the heightening
Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
Let freedom ring from the snow-capped
Rockies of Colorado.
Let freedom ring from the curvaceous
slopes of California.
But not only that:
Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain
of Georgia.
Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.
Let freedom ring from every hill and
molehill of Mississippi.
From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
And when this happens, when we
allow freedom ring, when we let it ring
from every village and every hamlet, from
every state and every city, we will be able
to speed up that day when all of God’s
children, black men and white men, Jews
and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics,
will be able to join hands and sing in the
words of the old Negro spiritual:
Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free
at last!
7
POEMS
Dreams of a
cameraman.
Episode 3.
By Hayqal Mushi
My comrade,
When I look at u
I know we are meant to be
Iam glad u make me be
What av always dreamed to be
U gives me the recognition
U gives me power
U gives me strength
U gives me pride
Together we a crew
Am a soldier
You are my gun
Am a writer you are my pen
Am an MC
You are the MIC
You are the comrade. Yes am right
When I stroll down the streets
I can’t help but shoot scenes
But without you my comrade
It’s just in vain
Cause I shoot with the eyes
And record with a brain
And if human brain was 15 GB
This one is loaded 80 GB.
Time for change
By Edith Benedict
It was once said
“If you want to keep something away from
an African
Hide it in the book”
Who could prove Peter Botha wrong?
Is it true that Africans never read?
Read books for they have secrets of life.
There is no friend as loyal as a book.
No matter how busy we are
Let us take time to share our knowledge
with others
Books like friends should be well chosen,
Imagine of secrets hidden in the Bible and
Quran
Learn the secrets of reading book.
How much does it cost reading books?
“We have no time for our children"
Could the parents and guardians encourage these little ones to ray?
Nourish and polish them with books
Books full of wisdom
Learn the secrets of reading books
Much time is wasted on wickedness
An hour is never spared for little books.
What is that Africans are blinded with?
Reading books matters a lot
A lot it matters for it is not their cultureLearn the secrets of reading books
Illiteracy and unawareness engulf us
acutely
We are poor in thinking so do fail to
develop
Decisions fail us for we consume whatever
is thrown
Let us read books to enrich our tanks
For books have secrets of life
Learn the secrets of reading books
No knowledge is wasted, Benny Carson
declares
For books are paths of light to freedom
and success.
Never be limited with a number of books,
read what is legible and relevant
Reading will disclose our sufferings
Hate not books, for they are your life
Learn the secrets of reading books
8
features
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
A leap into adult Education was short lived af
By Kaswaga Subira
E
ight months remain for
President Jakaya Kikwete
to finish his first term since
he came to power after
winning the majority vote famously
known as “Ushindi wa Tsunami” in
2005.
During his campaign JK promised Tanzanians that they could live
better lives, but up to this moment
it is still a dream as poverty among
Tanzanians is increasing.
Has JK reached the dreams of
many Tanzanians who expected to
have the access of education and
quality education? This is one of the
questions that everyone could ask
when evaluating JK's term in the
State House.
“As it’s essential in our life, the
education sector must be implemented and in this, JK has succeeded to
make some improvement compared
to the former president Benjamini
Mkapa and Ally Hassan Mwinyi
by building the biggest University
in East Africa ,” said Dr. Benson
Banna, the head of Political Science
at University of Dar es Salaam.
He however said, the plan for
building Dodoma University was
initiated by the former president
Benjamin Mkapa but implementation undertaken by JK is among
the success and a stiff decision our
president.
Speaking to the Hill Observer
Dr. Banna, said President Jakaya has
done a tough decision of building
the University of Dodoma which
will be the largest University in East
Africa and Africa in general.
Dr. Banna said apart from all
challenges facing education sector
in Tanzania , building the University
This shows how the
government does
not care students
in private varsities.
The problem goes
even in loans
whereby students in
private varsities are
not getting loans at
the right time and
not all get it even
if some meet the
criteria of having
division one and two
and are from poor
families
Children at a rural school setting also look forward to a life in a well built classroom. (Inset), President Kikwete
still has room to extend more significant attention to the education sector, both in quality and quantity.
Photos: File
itself is the hard decision because it
needs money. President Kikwete in
this way has decided to do it so this
is one of the biggest successes for
the presi))dent to be remembered.
“This is the stiff decision due
to our environment since it needs
money and workers who are professionals and our country faces the
shortage of money and professionals
but as the time goes on the number
of professionals will increase” said
Dr Banna.
About the increasing tuition fee
in private and government Universities Dr. Banna said, this is a serious
problem which made several boycotts in varsities and it is because
Tanzania doesn’t have regulators in
education sector.
Dr. Banna said the problem
is not at varsities alone but it is
even within all levels of education,
from primary levels whereby private schools have the tendency of
increasing tuition fee at any time.
“Some primary schools are
charging more fees compared to varsities fees. Some charge up to 2 million shillings so education nowadays
has become money making venture
because sometimes you may find
students are paying high fee but they
get poor food and less quality education in terms of environment and
other materials, Said Dr. Banna.
Commenting on Dr. Banna’s
point, Laurence Mwantumwa, the
President of Tumaini Univeraity
Dar es salaam College (TURDACO)
said, the government has neglected
private universities with their students in terms of loans and problems
they are facing.
Mwantumwa said the government concentrates on public varsi-
ties and ignores private ones while
students at private varsities have the
rights to present their problems to
their government and be listened.
“The situation in private varsities
is not good because the government
has denied to help us, when Tumaini
University increased tuition fee by
60% from this academic year students opposed and thought government could help us, but the Minister
for Education and Vocational Prof.
Jumanne Maghembe told us that the
government can not interfere private
varsities” said Mwantumwa and
added that
“This shows how the government
does not care students in private
varsities. The problem goes even in
loans whereby students in private
varsities are not getting loans at the
right time and not all get it even if
some meet the criteria of having
division one and two and are from
poor families.”
During the end of 2008 about
five government universities were
closed after boycotting classes
features
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
9
fter past success
where by students were demanding 100% of loans and opposing
means testing which seemed to be
done unfairly and accelerating to the
social classes.
The closed universities were
University of Dar es salaam , Ardhi
University , Sokoine University
of Agriculture, and Dar es Salaam
Institute of Technology and Dar es
salaam University College of Education.
According to experts, the gap
between poor and riches is increasing and life gets high, is it possible
for poor people to afford education?
How the government is trying to
help them?
Dr. Lenny Kasoga, an economist
said there is the increase of racial
segregation in education sector
caused by the presence of prestigious school and common schools,
it is a terrible and kills education
sector.
He said the government has tried
to improve education sector but it
has to make sure that schools that
leads into racial classes do not exist
in our country because it kills education sector and national unity in
general.
“Now we have Indians schools,
Whites schools and African schools
so we are still maintaining colonialism, if we seriously want changes
and development in education sector,
the government should discontinue
this situation” said Dr Kasoga.
When we speak of education,
we also refer to primary and secondary school.
What quality of education do
they offer and how will it help students in their future.
Ward schools is one of the success of JK but this program has been
criticized for a long time by various people, but this differs from Dr.
Banna who believes that this is a
great success in education sector.
“It’s true that we don’t have
enough teachers and learning materials and this ward schools face challenges but one day we shall realize
its important and enjoy its fruits, we
have to take it as one of the success
of our president,” he said.
However, Dr. Banna said Adult
Education has been forgotten for a
long time since the first president,
the late Mwalimu Julias Nyerere laid
off the power, the rest have forgotten. He said that the parliament and
even the Ministry of Education and
Vocational Training does not put
emphasis on it and there is no budget for Adult Education as the result
the number of adults who do not
know reading and writing is increasing.
“The Institute of Adult Education
which was active during 1970’s is
no longer active, it has got no discussion in parliamentary session, no
budget and no one cares, all three
president phases have forgotten and
it is not JK alone,” he said.
He added that we have education
officers in all Districts and Municipals but they are doing nothing in
activating adult education, the government should make extra efforts to
make the sector live and reduce the
rate of illiteracy.
FIGHTING THE COUNTRY'S WORST KILLER: A mother and her sick child at a local hospital.
Photo: File
Malaria still denies masses lives
By Mary Fabian
D
espite determined efforts
that have been made by
International, National, Governmental and or Non- Governmental Organizations to eradicate
malaria, it has for quite some time now,
remained the leading killer disease in
Sub-Saharan Africa.
It is reported that Malaria is the
most dangerous parasitic disease in the
world. It kills over one million people
each year, 90 percent of those who die
come from Africa .
In Tanzania , malaria has such
a severe impact on socio- economic
development of the entire population
and the nation as it accounts to a 3.5
percent loss in Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) each year
Statistics show that, 60,000 people
die from malaria each year in Tanzania
and nearly two thirds of them are children. Malaria kills more children under
the age of five in Tanzania than any
other disease.
Recently it has been reported that,
about 730 children of less than five
years of age died from malaria in a
year 2008 in Shinyanga alone. This
is an example of only one Region in
Tanzania to show how dangerous the
disease is.
However, it is estimated that about
16 to 18 million new cases of malaria
occur in Tanzania each year, resulting
in more than 100,000 deaths. Malaria
accounts for a third of the national
disease burden, 35 percent of hospitalisations and 37 percent of deaths of
children under five. Among pregnant
women, malaria and anemia are responsible for a quarter of maternal deaths.
Meanwhile, in Africa the disease
kills between one and two million people annually. Sickness and death from
malaria account for a third to half of
hospital admissions in the continent and
a yearly loss of 12 billion US dollars.
Regardless of its scale, malaria is
preventable and can be cured effectively with the right treatment and early
diagnosis.
Since 1997, the World Health
Organisation (WHO) has been recommending an integrative strategy to combat malaria including new medicines,
vaccines, improvements of health care
systems and insecticide-treated nets
(ITNs).
Although it is encouraging that
Tanzania is among the beneficiaries of
efforts to eliminate the pandemic by
the international community led by the
World Health Organization (WHO)
but still, we have a lot to do so that our
country will get rid of malaria.
Then, is it possible for one to ask
for what else should be done, after all
those efforts that have been made? Yet
the death rate is still high, is there any
other initiative?
The answer is yes! , we have a lot
to do, most Tanzanians are not focusing on eliminating disease, instead they
are trying to prevent people from being
infected by malaria today.
Our country is putting more efforts
on curative rather than preventive measures against the killer disease.
It should be remembered that,
prevention is better than cure. That is
to say we must prevent malaria before
thinking of curing so as to save the life
of our children, pregnant women and
all human beings in general.
Then, we must fight malaria by
changing our environment through
focus on how to protect our environment by maintaining severe cleanliness so as to prevent mosquitoes from
multiplying. It is through this way that
Tanzanian and Africa in general can get
rid of malaria.
In a study conducted by Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Elfatih Eltahir and graduate
students Arne Bomblies and Rebecca
Gianotti, they explain that while most
efforts dealing with malaria have
focused on the human side, such as
attempts to develop a vaccine, the
efforts to control environmental factors such as working to eliminate the
hot spots where pools of water collect
during the rainy season, or applying
locally grown plant materials to limit
the growth of mosquitoes can have a
dramatic effect on controlling malaria's
spread.
And unlike importing expensive
medicines, such an approach can rely
on local efforts as simple as having
people with shovels fill in the low spots
in the terrain.
It is from this report we can draw
attention and see how easy it is to fight
malaria through changing our environment. The cost of malaria medical
treatment is high compared to the cost
one can use to change his or her environment.
10 health
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
What
your
How to treat those burns on your skin
first aid
kit should
B
consist of
urns destroy skin, which
controls the amount of heat
our bodies retain or release,
holds in fluids, and protects us
from infection. While burns on fingers
and hands are usually not dangerous,
burns injuring even relatively small
areas of skin can develop serious
complications.
Here are the first aid steps for
treating a burn.
1.STAY SAFE! Do not let the rescuer
get burned trying to save the victim.
Follow universal precautions and
wear personal protective equipment
if you have it.
2.Treating a burn begins with stopping the burning process. Cool
the burned area with cool running
water for several minutes.
If an ambulance is coming, continue
running water over the burned area
until the ambulance arrives.
3. Look for blistering, sloughing, or
charred (blackened) skin.
Blistering or sloughing (skin
coming off) means the top layer
of skin is completely damaged and
complications are likely. Charring
indicates even deeper damage to all
three layers of skin
If the damaged area is bigger than
one entire arm or the whole abdomen,
call 911 or take the victim to the emergency department immediately.
4. Mild burns with reddened skin and
no blisters may be treated with a
topical burn ointment or spray to
reduce pain.
5. Cool water (not cold or warm) may
also help with pain.
Do not apply butter or oil to
any burn!
2. Over the counter pain relievers like
ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be
used for the pain of a mild burn .
If stronger pain relief is needed,
contact a physician or go to the
emergency department.
Tips:
1.Burns cause swelling. Burns of
the face and neck can sometimes
swell enough to cause difficulty
breathing .
2.Burns that completely circle the
hands or feet may cause such
severe swelling that blood flow
is restricted.
3.While the burn is healing, wear
loose natural clothing like silks or
light cottons. Harsher fabrics will
irritate the skin even more.
4. Burns destroy skin and the loss of
skin can lead to infection, dehydration
and loss of body heat. Make sure
that burns victims get emergency
medical help if experiencing any
of the following:
• dizziness or confusion
• weakness
• fever or chills
• shivering
• cold sweats
Attending to any
body injury is as
important as your
health is
Severe Bleeding, Wounds, and Injuries
B
lood can be lost very rapidly
from a severed or torn artery.
Severe blood loss can
lead to shock, unconsciousness, or death.
External Bleeding
If an adult loses more than 1 liter
of blood, or a child loses as little as
one-third that amount, blood loss is
considered severe.
Arm or Leg Injury Treatment
1. Lay the victim down and, if possible, raise the injured part (this
will reduce the flow of blood from
the wound).
2. Press hard on the wound with a
clean pad. If the wound is gaping,
hold its edges together firmly.
T
here are ready made first
aid kits available in chemists and large department
stores, but some people
like to make up their own kits,
so with this in mind, we have put
together some items you might like
to include in your first-aid kit.
Every office, factory, home
and school should have an accessible first-aid box with
following recommended basic
contents:
3. If there is a foreign body in the
wound (e.g. glass), apply pressure
alongside.
4. Take a firm pad and bind it firmly
over the whole wound so that pressure is maintained (a scarf or tie
can be used).
5. If blood soaks through the bandage,
do not remove it. Instead, continue
to apply pressure to the wound for
7-10 minutes.
6. Seek medical help.
Head Injury
Causes
1. Blood or fluid from the ear.
2. Loss of consciousness.
3. Wound
1. First Aid Book
Clearly explains how to handle basic problems.
2. Band-aids (Plasters)
Band aids or sticky plasters are great for dressing small
wounds. They come in all shapes
and sizes for fingers, legs, and
anywhere else you might get little
cuts.
Make sure the Band aid is big
enough to cover the wound, if not
you should use a dressing instead
THREAT: A person's back showing the seriousness of skin burns.
4. Or sometimes there may be no
signs.
Treatment
1. Very carefully, try to put any flaps
of skin back into position.
2. Press firmly on the wound with a
clean pad (sterile if possible).
3. Hold the dressing in place with
more clean cloth.
4. If victim is conscious, lay him/her
down with the head and shoulders
raised slightly.
5. If fluid trickles from the ear, cover
the ear with a clean pad and lay
him/her
on that side to allow free drainage of
the fluid from the ear.
6. Seek medical help immediately.
Chest Injuries Treatment
1. Cover the wound immediately using
the palm of your hand, or the victim's if he/she is conscious.
2. Place a sterile dressing or clean pad
over the wound, then cover the pad
with a plastic bag, kitchen film or
foil, held in place with adhesive
strapping or firm bandaging to
form an airtight seal.
3. If the victim is conscious, support hm/
her in a comfortable position.
4. Call an ambulance.
Internal Bleeding
Internal bleeding results when
blood vessels rupture, allowing blood
to leak into body cavities.
Causes
1. A direct blow to the body, a fracture,
a sprain, or a bleeding ulcer.
2. If a victim receives an injury to
the chest or abdomen.
Signs
1. Pain and tenderness in the affected
area
2. Cold, clammy skin
3. Pale face and lips
4. Weakness or fainting
5. Nausea or dizziness
6. Dilated pupils, short of breath, or
irregular pulse
7. Swelling or bruising at the site
of injury.
Treatment
1. Check for an open airway and
begin mouth-to-mouth ventilation (see Absence of Breathing)
if necessary.
2. Call for medical help as soon as
possible and keep the victim comfortable until
help arrives.
3. The victim may rinse his/her mouth
with water, but DO NOT give a
victim of internal bleeding anything to drink.
3. Elastic Bandages
The elastic bandages are good
for wrapping sprained joints or
making a sling in the case of a
broken arm.
4. Gauze and Adhesive Tape
Gauze pads or roll are cloth
pads that are placed directly on
a wound to protect and control
bleeding (for larger cuts and
scrapes).
You will need adhesive tape
to keep the gauze in place.
In an emergency, a clean tea
cloth, hand towel, clean tee-shirt
can be used to cover the wound.
5. Antiseptic Wipes (Alcohol
Swaps) and Cotton Wool
6. Safety Pins and Tweezer
7. Scissors
A pair of scissors is needed to
cut the tape and gauze.
8. Small Mirror and Latex
Gloves
Latex gloves are always a
good idea, especially if you are
dealing with body fluids from a
stranger.
9. Calamine Lotion
Calamine lotion is used for
soothing sunburns and stings.
10. Clinical Thermometer
11. Analgesic Tablets
Such as aspirin or paracetamol
business pick 11
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
Temeke candy
shops: Are they
taxed?
I
MOVIE MAKING; An actor pausing as part of the requirement to follow the laid out script during the shooting of a film.
Photo: File
CulturAL Dialogue
A form of art and authenticity in film
By Issa Athuman
“What happened to the state of film
authorship?”
Theatre is a collective experience
but cinema is the work of a single man,
the director: Orson Welles.
In preamble the question we may ask
is” who, between the two, is supposed to
hold the status film authorship? Is it the
director or screen writer? You might fail
to respond quickly and you may as well
wonder, is there such a thing as authorship in film-making? Yes there is and
all you have to do is simple, come with
me to the end of this article, whereby
apart from accounting to the fact that,
film too reserves one authorial figure
or principle artist during the different
phases of its production, I shall as well
analyze the state of film authorship in
Tanzania specifically at this juncture
where there is a new occurring trend of
video film-making.
My thesis is that, in this context and
the current occurring trend of popular –
commercial video - films we can take
authorship as an attempt to marry the
ideology of mass production of films
for business and that of film-making as
one form of art.
Have you ever been to a book shop
and ask for a book that is written by
your favorite author? Let that be Dan
Brown, Sydney Sheldon, Daniele Steel,
Eric Shigongo, Edwin Semzaba, or any
other. What I intend to connote here is
that films too are written by one author
whom you can pick before buying or
renting a film. Therefore we can speak
of authorship in film. Film authorship is
described as the process of organizing
the whole film according to a personal
vision of an individual film artist. Is there
anything practical about this definition or
it’s just an ideology? When was it placed,
what’s its implication? Well basically it
is an ideology with practical ends which
located the individual artist as the source
of the true creativity. This ideology can
be traced back to the early conflicts that
from time to time repositioned the artist
in the society.
Early before the renaissance period,
God was central or the divine of creativity
while man was seen as merely a craftman.
Later, during the blossoming of renaissance such people as poets and painters
demonstrated abilities that lead to a different phenomenon whereby man became
again the center of creativity. During the
modern and post modern world the status
of the artists was raised even higher on
the niches that of economy itself.
Every film has a touch of some sort, a
touch that I clearly define as the author’s
style in terms of form or convictions in
terms of the content. That touch leaves a
mark of authorship. If I may ask, what’s
your source of pleasure in a film, are
you interested in looking at the film
characters whom most of them to the
best of your knowledge happen to be
aimless victims?
Or watching a film to find the marks
of authorship that managed to put via a
medium the significant truth and experience of the world we are living in?
As the director takes upon the journey
of at least seven months to twenty years
of working on a major film project you
will definitely need to get all the supports
including recruiting all the necessary
collaborators.
Film-making is a collective endeavor
so to speak but in essence a very personal
outcome just as that of literary text authors
such as Ngugi wa Thiongo or Ebrahim
Hussein to whom in my view, I believe
as they did finish their first drafts of the
books, they give them to their personal
editors or reading through team to take
care of the nitty gritties before the book
is released. In this case these people
collaborated with the writer of the
book who still reserves the authorship
of the book.
Orson Welles, the one I quoted above,
is among the greatest film directors of all
times in British film-making Industry.
He supposes that a film is what you
write on the screen and the meaning of
the film is an essence that is dead and
is brought to life by the director. This is
the person to whom I always wish that
should be subjected to viable production
conditions that supports the artistic vision
in making a film.
At the moment one can observe that
the business aspect of our film industry is
growing at a fast pace, audience of these
films have created a demand which is
hard to predict whether it’s sustainable
or not though we know that business
does fluctuate.
The new trend in video film-making
in Tanzania entails that it is first and
foremost business oriented. It can as well
be observed that throughout the world at
the moment video film-making of any
genre and type is business.
That fact has put pressure on video
film-making industry and its personnel,
the authors/directors so to speak, especially in scoring the balance between
commercial values of the film that are
supposed to safe guard the business
interests of the enterprises and the artistic
values that are demanded by the art of
videofilm-making.
Therefore you find an imbalance
of values among the commercial video
films produced, period. On contrary,
film-makings in such film industry as
Hollywood or Bollywood have been
able to strike the balance between commercial and artistic values of the films
they produced. How did they manage?
It’s highly a debate.
Let me stop here at least for this month,
what I have presented for you is a debate. Don’t
hesitate to write me an email on issahmbura@
yahoo.com if you have anything to say about
what I have treated this month. Next, I will
continue my speculations on this “New trend
of Video film making in Tanzania ” whereby
I will discuss “Stars as Commercial motives”
in these video - films. Stay blessed.
By Namlia Kindamba
t will take you three minutes to
walk on foot from Temeke Hospital
bus stop to the place where these
shops are found. You can encounter
a number of girls selling their bodies as
mere commodities in the market with
fixed price per service they offer.
Before the world’s economic crisis off
last year you could get a single service
for 1500 Tshs but during the economic
shake they raised their price to 2000
per service. I think they considered the
so-called price fluctuation.
I used to visit those shops so as it
observe and know exactly what is happening there. They rent rooms equipped
with a bed and mattress like an apartment
special for that business.
It is 24 hours businesses like Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) machines,
workers who are all girls have shifts like
security guards in order to provide effective services but there are no shifts for
veterans. It is just like an episode but this
is what is happening in Dar city.
It is worse in a world faced by HIV/
AIDS and other sexual transmission
diseases. We should take time and think
why are they doing so and who are they.
Some used to believe that they do not
have families, boyfriends, poor and don’t
have education.
Unfortunately all assumptions are
incorrect however some might be true
but other girls are doing such business
because they need money to go with
fashions and not otherwise while others
are educated.
Bad luck girls display themselves
half-naked before their rooms as TV
sets and radios are used to be displayed
in normal shops.
The business is not in barter trade
system but it is money first before the
service and the system is once, a girl then
simple you have to enter inside the door
nearby that girl and she will follow you
inside the room, without greetings you
have to put your clothes with Tshs 2000
on your hand as tit for tat business.
My research found that, these body
sellers get up to thirty thousand tshs per
day. It is a huge amount of money for
Tanzanians but are girls taxed?
If yes are they taxed per day, month
or per year? If no, then is Tanzania
Revenue Authority (TRA) aware of that
business taking place openly during the
day time? Temeke Municipal aware of
that trade?
These girls earn money without being
taxed, they escape tax simply because
their firms are not registered and they
are not entrepreneurs as such.
However, our nation wants to eradicate poverty but this trade is not good
for generating income to those girls. No,
matter how carefull they are in using
condoms but the girls probably have
their contribution in the spread of STDs
and HIV/AIDS.
With no doubt this business, in accordance to our culture, is not acceptable at
all. It has nothing to teach the young boys
and girls who are passing there.
12 international news
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
German
professionals
criticise the
new university
structure
By International
Correspondent Michaela Tatus
T
he structure of the German
University system radically
changed in the last years, as
Bachelor and Master Degrees
were introduced at all universities in
whole Europe . Criticism from the side of
students and as well of many professors
and lecturers is still severe.
The former degrees of German University higher education were titled with,
''Diplom'', ''Magister'' and ''Staatsexamen''
which took four years and were regarded
equivalent to a master degree. But these
high quality degrees with a good reputation
abroad were now changed to Bachelor
and Master Degrees.
In 1999, this reform was decided on
the “ Bologna process“, with the aim to
create a Europe-wide higher education
area by making academic degree standards.
The intention was to make degrees from
all European countries comparable and
compatible and to increase the mobility
of students.
The reason to reform the German
system of higher education was to push
students through their studies more
quickly and to make them enter employ-
ment earlier.
But in many University courses, only
the number of semesters were reduced,
not the effort which is necessary to
complete the course.
Now students need to accomplish the
same amount of lectures and seminars as
before, but within 1 year less time. But
as an additional problem, companies do
not believe in the quality of this bachelor
degree and therefore the reputation is not
very good. It is quite hard to find a job
with only a bachelor degree in Germany,
because it is regarded as a low standard
of academic education in Germany .
The pressure which is put on students
is high, because without an excellent
grade you will not be allowed to do a
masters degree which is regarded as a
“full-fledged” course of studies. This
is a big difference to other countries
with the bachelor and master system,
bachelor students are regarded as high
qualified young professionals in Germany
a bachelor degree is seen as a minor
qualification.
As there are not enough master degree
programs offered, the pressure to have
excellent grades is even higher. Only the
best of the best will be able to reach this
important qualification for the German
CRITICIZED: German Federal Minister for Education Dr Annette Schavan.
employment market.
Apart from that, the tuition fee of
about 500 Euro (approximately 1.000.000
Tanzanian Shilling) per semesters which
was introduced in 2007 is criticized
vehemently. In Germany , it is believed
that all people shall have equal chances
Editor imprisoned for
criticising military junta
I
Mauritania
n a move that surprised press freedom
groups, a jailed Mauritanian editor
of an online publication critical of
the country's rulers was sentenced
to a further two years in prison on 4
February, report the Arab Network for
Human Rights Information (ANHRI),
the Committee to Protect Journalists
(CPJ) and Reporters Without Borders
(RSF)
The sentencing came despite the
government's moves to improve press
freedom, including what RSF calls "the
best media legislation in the sub-region,"
adopted in 2005.
After being detained for six months,
Hanevy Ould Dehah, editor of "Taqadoumy", was sentenced for committing
acts contrary to Islam and decent behaviour, report IFEX members.
After completing his six-month
sentence, he was held in prison illegally
and subjected to another trial because
of "procedural flaws in the first trial,"
reports CPJ.
A military junta ruled the country
from August 2008 until August 2009 and
its leader, Mohammed Ould Abdel Aziz,
has since been elected President, says
CPJ. Coup leaders pressured the judges
to deal a harsh sentence, reports ANHRI.
"The sentence is a typical military police
measure against a journalist with just a
pen in his hand," says ANHRI.
According to RSF, Mauritania ’s
journalists have been campaigning for
his release for weeks, organising rallies
and pleading his case with the authorities.
The Union of Mauritanian Journalists
(SJM) has referred to his conviction as
"a retrograde step as regards treatment
of the media."
"This case has damaged Mauritania
’s image and could discourage its international partners, especially if it goes
before the African Court on Human and
Peoples' Rights. It is in the general interest to acquit him on appeal and release
him at once," said RSF.
to be educated. But especially for poor
families it will be an additional barrier
to make it possible for their children
to study.
For many students, it is hard to
accomplish all this: less time for studying, excellent grades, earning money for
living and the tuition fees. In addition
to that it is recommended that students
study abroad, do social commitment, learn
languages and gain practical experience
to be competitive towards others. An
increase of illnesses like depressions, eating disorders, tinnitus and other psychical
illnesses is already observed at German
students as a result of overstress.
The change from “Diplom” and “Magister” degrees to the new system caused
chaotic conditions at some Universities.
Professors and Lecturers themselves were
not sure how to handle all these new
requirements and procedures concerning
the new system.
Especially the first year of students
had to deal which tremendous uncertainty
associated with their studies. And as
it is recognized now, it is even more
complicate to study at another European
university.
After the reform it seems that study
courses are not more compatible and the
effort of students is not more comparable
the opposite occurred.
In 2009, there were big protests
at German universities to criticize the
new degree system and the resulting
circumstances of studying.
In 50 German cities around 85,000
students demonstrated. Students from
over 20 German universities have been
occupying lecture theatres around the
clock in protest. Similar actions were
organised in Austria and France .
Education Minister Annette Schavan
said that mistakes had been made in
the conversion of old course formats
into the new bachelor's and master's
structures and the president of the German Universities Association, Bernhard
Kempen mentioned that the complaints
were wholly justified.
The consequences of the reform
are severe. Students need to work hard
starting from their first semester; there
is no time to orientate anymore. As the
number of psychological problems among
students increase, the ability and will to
cooperate with fellow students regarded
as competitors decrease.
But especially for a country like
Germany which has only few natural
resources, education is one of the most
important factors for the economic system. And this vital factor was reformed
completely.
China steps up restrictions
on media, IFJ report says
C
Hong Kong
hina has intensified efforts over
the past year to control what
the media can say, a report by
the International Federation of
Journalists (IFJ) says.
It says hundreds of regulations have
been introduced since the Beijing Olympics in 2008 to restrict reporters writing
on social unrest or scandals.
Journalists were told they could only
use the official Xinhua news agency during the 2008 tainted baby milk row.
They were also told not to travel to
report on the Sichuan quake in 2008.
Other restrictions included a specific
prohibition of topless photographs of
actress Zhang Ziyi on a Caribbean beach,
according to the IFJ report released in
Hong Kong.
It adds that China particularly
targeted online media and chatter,
often refusing online journalists official
accreditation.
Social networking sites organising
public protest gatherings have particularly
unnerved the Chinese authorities.
Foreign journalists encountered
violence and their equipment was
destroyed in some cases, according to
the report.
But it adds that while the government
has had some success in stopping information leaking out about social unrest,
it is struggling to stop commentary from
reaching the outside world.
China has so far made no public
comment on the IFJ report.
BBC
international features 13
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
Special Rapporteur on the promotion
T
o mark their tenth year of collaboration, the four reporters on
free expression issued a joint
declaration last week outlining
the ten main challenges to free expression in the next decade. The initiative was
organized by Article 19 and the Centre for
Law and Democracy.
The statement emphasises the critical
role of freedom of expression, including
diversity and pluralism, as an "essential
tool" to defend other rights and "as a core
element of democracy." It also acknowledges
the tremendous power of the Internet as a
mechanism for "realising the right to freedom
of expression and information."
One key point made by the rapporteurs is that women, minorities, refugees,
indigenous peoples and sexual minorities
continue to struggle to have their voices
heard and to access information that would
empower them. The underrepresentation
of disadvantaged groups within the media
environment and insufficient coverage by the
media of issues relevant to minority groups
are obstacles to freedom of expression.
Another far-reaching issue is state
interference in the media. This influence
includes political manipulation of public
media so that it becomes a state mouthpiece, registration requirements for print
media or Internet access, and government
control over licensing or regulation of
broadcasters.
Criminal defamation continues to be
a major impediment to free speech, say
the rapporteurs.
Most countries have laws that make it
a crime to defame, insult, slander or libel
someone or something, and only about
10 countries have fully decriminalised
defamation. The rapporteurs are concerned
by the "failure of many laws to require
the plaintiff to prove key elements of the
offence, such as falsity and malice" and
laws that penalise true statements, accurate
reporting or statements of opinion. Journalists face severe prison sentences, loss of
civil rights and excessive fines as a result
of repressive laws.
The rapporteurs bring attention to the
commercial pressures that shape the media's
ability to disseminate information. Increasing concentration of media ownership can
have a great effect on content diversity.
Also, the "fracturing of the advertising
market" can lead to "cost-cutting measures
such as less local content" and "a decrease
in investigative journalism."
Violence against journalists is an ongoing threat, with "more politically motivated
killings of journalists in 2009 than in any
other year in the past decade."
Other issues covered by the rapporteurs
include: limits on the right to information, public funding support for public
broadcasters, the idea of national security
distorted and used to impose restrictions
on free expression, blocking of websites
and web domains.Source-AP
Algeria ignores
cold French affair
F
Haitian Voodoo priest, or houngan, Jul Mis (C) holds a Voodoo flag decorated with rinestones and sequins during a ceremony in a 40-year-old temple March 2, 2010 in Cite Soleil, Haiti. Two members of this Voodoo group
were injured last week when they were attacked by a protestant Christian mob while attempted to hold a ceremony honoring the people killed in January's 7.0 earthquake. Voodooists also claim they are receiving less aid
from international aid organizations because of their faith.
Sanctions: Tsvangirai under pressure
Z
imbabwe’s Parliament has
started debating a motion
urging Prime Minister
Morgan Tsvangirai to call
for the lifting of Western sanctions
imposed on the country in what
could further widen cracks in the
unity government.
The motion was adopted after US
President Barack Obama announced
on Monday that he was extending
sanctions against Zimbabwe for
another year.
President Obama said Zimbabwe
still posed a “continuing and unusual
threat to American foreign policy”
despite the formation of a unity government last year.
The European Union (EU) last
month also renewed its visa ban and
asset freeze against President Robert
Mugabe and over 190 individuals
from his Zanu-PF party for their
roles in alleged human rights violations.
Analysts say US and EU embargo has little effect on the performance of an economy weighed down
by the ageing ruler’s questionable
policies spanning over a decade.
Last week, Zanu-PF youths gave
Mr Tsvangirai a March 24 ultimatum
to call for the lifting of the sanctions
or face unspecified action as tension
mounted in the inclusive government.
Zanu-PF MPs seized on Mr
Tsvangirai’s remarks on Monday
that the EU must consider lifting
the sanctions to push through the
potentially divisive motion, which
might also incite counter motions
from President Mugabe’s coalition
partners .
A legislator from the former sole
ruling party had tried to introduce
the motion last month, but parliament had to adjourn after Mr Tsvangirai’s Movement for Democratic
Change (MDC) party objected.
The main MDC has rejected
the motion and says there are no
sanctions imposed on the country,
but restrictive measures meant to
encourage democratisation.
Deputy Prime Minister Arthur
Mutambara of the smaller MDC
backed Zanu-PF in parliament, and
called for the immediate removal of
the sanctions.
"These sanctions must go in toto
and immediately. We are now together. Let us move so that we build a
peaceful and prosperous democratic
Zimbabwe," said Prof Mutambara.
Mr Kudakwashe Bhasikiti, a
Zanu-PF MP, who introduced the
motion, maintained there was no
malice against the Prime Minister.
"What the Prime Minister said
yesterday was an early New Year’s
or an early Christmas box for the
nation. We want our leaders to feel
for the nation and suffering of the
people,” he said.AFRICA REVIEW
or many years, the relationship
between Algeria and France
has seesawed between adoration and repulsion, but it has
lately hit a record low, an issue that is
stirring debates and inspiring artistic
productions, both in Algeria and France,
even in Britain.
In the thick of the drama featuring these two nations, is a pending
visit by French minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mr Bernard Kouchner,
which Algiers has not been very
keen to facilitate. Some 125 Algerian
parliamentarians have prepared to
counter a French law that justifies
French colonisation in Algeria and
other dramatic events featuring the
two one-time bedfellows.
From Paris, the Sarkozy administration has introduced initiatives perceived as aimed at the former French
colony. One such is President Nicolas Sarkozy’s pet project, the union
for the Mediterranean Sea, which 44
countries have joined, but Algeria
has refused to belong to.
While some of the members
consider the club that the adventurous French President opened in 2008
as a luxurious venue for relaxation,
Algiers sees it as a subtle and disguised way to force a process of a
normalisation of relations with Israel. The club brings together 44 countries - 27 from Europe and 17 from
North Africa and the Middle East.
The other issue that has caused
discomfort in Algiers is the adoption
by the French National assembly
of a law seen by some analysts to
glorify the positive effects of French
colonisation, mainly in Africa. After
this law was enacted, Algeria reacted
angrily and asked for an apology and
compensation from Paris, but nothing has come out of the spat.
When President Sarkozy visited
Constantine University, east of Algeria, he made it clear that there would
be no compensation made.
'‘There will be no public French
excuses or compensation, but France
will work towards setting up a foundation that enables us to look in the
memory and historical dimension of
the French presence,'' Said President
Sarkozy during the 2007 visit. This
utterance left the two countries pushing in different directions
Diplomatic row
The arrest in ‘undiplomatic manner’ of Algerian diplomat Mohamed
Ziani Hasseni in Marseilles, south
of France, on suspicion of taking
part in the assassination of Algerian
political opponent Ali Mecili in the
1990s in Paris last year, did not
improve the situation. Six months
later, Mr Hasseni was discharged,
but his release did not save the worsening situation.
Last year, ambassador General
François Brishwaterl a French military attaché, accused the Algerian
security forces of participating in the
1996 killings of six French monks in
the Tibhirrine’ monastery, in Medea
district, 75km south of the capital.
Algerian authorities accused the terrorist Islamic armed group GIA of
the assassination.
Though the inclusion of Algeria
on a French watchlist of countries
which present potential terrorism
risks to peace and security did not
come as a surprise, Algiers was not
amused.
Although France remains the
major trade partner of Algeria, the
situation is changing. Already China,
Spain and Italy are in a fierce competition to secure strategic projects
on hydrocarbons, highways, public
works and constructions.
Also, financial law of 2009
and 2010, which introduced drastic
measures to restrict goods imports,
have affected the trade between the
two countries, and reduced by 40
per cent the traffic at the harbour of
Marseilles; a city in which live over
half a million Algerians.
On the long standing Western
Sahara conflict, France publicly
supports Morocco in its annexation
of the former Spanish colony and
opposes the diplomatic efforts of the
United Nations special envoy and
US ambassador Christopher Ross.
On the other hand, Algeria supports a solution within the UN resolutions, which call for referendum of
self-determination.REUTERS
14 Entertainment
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
Face of Africa 2010
O
n Saturday February 6,
in a stylish haute couture
showcase 22-year-old
Lukando Nalungwe from
Zambia joined an exclusive group
of winners when she was named the
eighth and newest M-Net Face of
Africa. The striking model scooped
USD 50 000 from M-Net along with
a modeling contract from O Model
Africa and skincare products for 12
months from Iman Cosmetics.
Re-invention and innovation were
hot buzzwords for the global fashion
community and in a two-hour show,
screened live from Lagos to 47 countries across Africa, M-Net presented
a bold new vision for the Face of
Africa Final opting for an edgier version of a traditional runway show
and presenting the models on a black,
floor-based runway in a contemporary warehouse.
With the Final themed to resemble the loading warehouse of an art
museum, where precious gallery
pieces are prepared for display, the
staging included massive cargo boxes
stamped with African destinations
with extra-ordinary sized gold frames
that showcased the fashion and the
finalists; and packaging tape demarcating the runway from the show’s
seated guests, it was a uniquely fresh
approach to showcasing Afro-chic
expression.
The show hosted by Studio 53’s
Fareed Khimani ( Kenya ) and former Face of Africa Kaone Kario
( Botswana ) with a guest appearance by last season’s Face of Africa
Kate Menson ( Ghana ), the finale
included entertainment from Nigerian superstar D’banj belting out
his hits Suddenly and Fall in Love.
Meanwhile soulful South African
songstress Lira, shimmering in green
silk, showed why she’s one of Africa
’s rising stars with two brilliant performances of her hits Feel Good and
Believer!
However, the night belonged to
the TOP 10 – and from the minute
that Nigeria’s Marvis kicked off
the show, followed in rapid success
by Tholakele (Zimbabwe), Lilian
(Tanzania), Esperanca (Angola),
Thembi (South Africa), Blessing
(Nigeria), Rosanna (Zimbabwe),
Diana (Kenya), Ernania (Mozambique) and Lukando (Zambia), it
was very clear just who the stars of
the show really were.Showing how
much they’ve learnt during the Face
of Africa search, which DStv audiences have been following for 15
weeks, the Face of Africa TOP 10 hit
the catwalk with confidence, graceful as they strode down the catwalk
resplendent in garments designed by
the best of African designers.
Among the record 26 designers
sending their creations down the runway were a Nigerian contingent that
included - Zizi Cardow, Frank Osodi,
Odio Mimonet, Fati Asibelua, Folake
Folarin-Coker, Ituen Basi, Adebayo
Jones, Lanre Da Silva-Ajayi, Lisa
Folawiyo and Yemi Osunkoya.
Joining them were their counterparts from across the continent led
by featured designers John Kaveke
(Kenya) and David Tlale (South Africa)and including Anna Getaneh (Ethiopia), Kofi Ansah (Ghana), Anisa
Mpungwe (Tanzania), Gloria WavaMunno (Uganda), Chakirra Claasen
(Namibia), Cathy Kathunzi (Malawi),
Koketso Chiepe (Botswana), Liz
Ogumbo (Kenya), Taibo Bacar
(Mozambique) and Angela Mulenga
(Zambia).SOURCE-MnetAfrica
'Hurt Locker'
producer
barred from
Oscars
LOS ANGELES
A
Lukando Nalungwe
How Celine Dion became the decade’s top earner
C
anadian pop diva Celine Dion is
the top earner of the decade in
the music world with her total
earnings of $747.9 million from
albums and concerts, Dion has left the
likes of U2, Britney Spears and others
way behind to top the Ultimate Top 10
list of the Los Angeles Times.
However the Top 10 is not “the final
word” on artists’ finances, said Los
Angeles Times
“With merchandising, product endorsements, song placements in movies and
TV show, ring tones, website subscriptions and myriad other income sources,
musicians today have seemingly limitless
ways to bring in money.
“But by combining two of the biggest
revenue sources, the Ultimate Top 10 is
a good indicator of which artists fans are
spending the most money on,” it was
said.In the Ultimate Top 10 list, Dion is
followed by US country music star Kenny
Chesney with $742 million.
Third on the list is Dave Matthews
Band from Virginia , with total earnings
of $737.4 million.
The Beatles are number four on
DECADE'S TOP EARNER: Celine Dion
the list, with $627.3 million, including $392 million from sales of 30.2
million albums, $221.4 million earned
ex-Beatle Paul http://staalplaat.files.
wordpress.com/2009/06/celine-dion.jpg
McCartney, and $13.6 million by Ringo
Starr. U2 is fifth with $609.7 million,
Bruce Springsteen seventh with $588.3
million, and The Rolling Stones eighth
with $569.6 million.
Britney Spears is the last on the list
with earnings of $494.3 million. “Despite
a rocky decade personally and professionally, Spears pulled in $195.7 million at
the box office and sold $298.6 million
worth of albums for the 10-year period,”
reported by Los Angeles Times.
In Celine Dion’s earnings of $747.9
million, $522.2 million came in from
concerts and $225.7 million from album
sales during the decade. She has sold more
than 200 million albums so far.
The best-selling female artist of all
time, Dion is the youngest of the 14 kids
born into a poverty-stricken musical
family in a small town near Montreal .
Dion was guided to greatness by Angelil
(whom she later married despite age
difference of 26 years) who sold his
house to finance the young girl’s first
album in 1981.
The album went on to become number one in her French-speaking Quebec
province in Canada , paving the way for
her stardom.
Dion and Angelil became lovers but
kept the affair under wraps, fearing that
it will be frowned upon because he was
26 years older than her. They married in
1994.SOURCE-Culcuttatube.com
producer of the war story
"The Hurt Locker" will not
be allowed to attend Sunday's
Academy Awards because of
e-mails he sent urging academy members
to vote for his movie, Oscar overseers
said Tuesday.
But Nicolas Chartier will receive an
Oscar at a later date if "The Hurt Locker"
wins best picture.
The executive committee of the producers branch of the Academy of Motion
Picture Arts and Sciences imposed the
penalty on Chartier, who violated Oscar
rules that prohibit mailings promoting a
film and disparaging another.
Chartier sent an e-mail Feb. 19 to
some academy members asking for their
support for "The Hurt Locker," "not a
"$500 million film" — an obvious reference to blockbuster best-picture contender
"Avatar."
Subsequent e-mails, posted by the Los
Angeles Times, showed Chartier asking
Oscar voters to rank "The Hurt Locker"
at No. 1 and "Avatar" at No. 10 among
this year's expanded best-picture lineup
of 10 films.
Chartier apologized in a subsequent
e-mail. "My naivete, ignorance of the rules
and plain stupidity as a first-time nominee
is not an excuse for this behavior and I
strongly regret it," Chartier wrote.
He did not immediately return a call
Tuesday from The Associated Press seeking comment on the academy's penalty.
Officials at Summit Entertainment, which
released "The Hurt Locker," declined to
comment.
"Avatar" producer Jon Landau did not
immediately return a call for comment.
"The Hurt Locker" and "Avatar" have
been at the head of the pack throughout
awards season, and they lead the Oscar
field with nine nominations each.
"Avatar" won the Golden Globe
for best drama, but "The Hurt Locker"
has dominated honors from critics and
key Hollywood trade groups, including
guilds representing directors, writers and
producers.
At last month's British Academy Film
Awards, "The Hurt Locker" also won out
over "Avatar," taking six prizes, including
best picture.
Chartier is one of four producers
listed on the film's best-picture nomination, along with "Hurt Locker" director
Kathryn Bigelow, screenwriter Mark Boal
and Greg Shapiro. Bigelow and "Avatar"
director James Cameron were married
from 1989 to 1991.
The penalty against Chartier does not
affect the other three producers, who are
free to attend the Oscars.
The academy announced its sanction
against Chartier as Oscar balloting closed
Tuesday.
The producers branch stopped short of
the harsher penalty of rescinding Chartier's
nomination, which would have kept him
from receiving an Oscar statuette if his
film won.SOURCE:Yahoo News
sport 15
THE Hill Observer Issue 017 March, 2010
More stress free nights at fpa
U
By Naamala Samson
niversity students celebrated
the New Year 2010 in a an
event titled 2010 Stress Free
Night which was prepared
by Fine and Performing Arts Students
Association (FPASA) at the University
of Dar es Salaam.
The event aimed at welcoming a
New Year by showing different talents
from students studying Fine and Performing Arts (FPA), The College of
Engineering and Technologies (COET),
School of Journalism and Mass Communication (SJMC) and some few were
the upcoming artists.
Peter Augustine, on behalf of
FPSASAs’ president asked students
to show off their creativity when
attending artistic events like this and
observe unity as an important tool in
any artistic work.
The event was opened by a second
year student Diana Kamara with a solo
dance performance, followed by Dance
Choreography from a group of first and
third year students who showed their
talents accompanied by drums from
Dance Choreography lecturer.
Other actors were comedians from
“Mejiki and John Komedi” who performed
a stand-up comedy, mime directed by
a third year student Theresia Makene
and performed by the first year students,
free styles and live band performances
from first and second year students while
Sakina exhibited her paintings.
A very interesting and a surprising
moment was when Vitali Maembe performed his inspirational songs which
were mainly emphasizing on patriotism
and the role of youth in building our
nation.
Mbwana Matumla
Mbwana to
challenge
ugandan
this month
By Gervas Charles
M
GIRLS' AFFAIR: Sweden's Sara Linden (L) celebrates with team mate Linda Sembrant after scoring against China during their Algarve Women's Soccer
Cup match in Albufeira mid this week.
bwana Matumla will challenge
Sunday Kizito from Uganda
over the weekend this year for
Ultimate Baseball Online (UBO)
title championship Dar es Salaam .
in Dar
Speaking to the
es Salaam recently the game coordinator
Juma Ndambile has said that the event
will be held at PTA hall, Sabasaba in Dar
es Salaam .
He added that the game will consist of
12 rounds where both boxers will be in a
good position to show their fitness on the
bantam weight ring battle.
Ndambile also added that on very day,
at the same centre will accommodate another
game between Francis Cheka of Tanzania
will be battling against the Zambian Steven
Chungu on middle weight 12 rounds game
to contest for ICB Title.
“Is our expectation that both games will
be one of the best game to be held because
those boxers have good records in their recent
fight performances,’’ he added.
The coordinator told the reporter, that
all the final preparations including the communication with boxers and promoters of
the game are ready.
Clarence seedorf, the true football icon
C
larence Clyde Seedorf (born 1
April 1976) is a Dutch footballer,
who plays as a midfielder for
Milan . He is the only player
to win the Champions League with three
different clubs.
Seedorf is from a football family. His
brothers Chedric, Rhamlee and Jurgen, his
cousin Stefano and his nephew Regilio are
all professional football players. His father,
Johan, is a player agent [6]. Seedorf is married to Luviana, a Brazilian.
He has four children and lives in Milan
. In an interview with Nick Webster on Fox
Soccer Channel's Center Circle program,
Seedorf mentioned studying for the UEFA
coaching designation. Although he is in
his thirties, there have been no reports of
imminent retirement and coaching.
Seedorf started his career as a right midfielder for Ajax during the early 1990s. He
made his professional debut on 29 November
1992 against Groningen at the age of 16 years
and 242 days, making him the youngest
debutant for Ajax ever. In his early career,
he played a role in Ajax ’s Eredivisie (Dutch
legue title) winning years of 1994 and 1995.
He was also a key member during Ajax 's
1995 UEFA Champions League winning
campaign. His performance during the season
saw him move to Sampdoria in the summer
of 1995, although he only spent one season
there, he scored three goals.
Seedorf moved to Real Madrid in 1996,
helping that team regain the La Liga title in
his first season. In his second season, 19971998, he played a major role in the team's
Champions League success as Real Madrid
secured a 1-0 victory over Juventus in the
final, in his second Champions League
title of his career. While playing for Real
Madrid, Seedorf scored a notable goal against
Atlético Madrid , a shot from around 45
meters away. Seedorf's spell at Real Madrid
ended when he was transferred back to Italy
during the 1999-2000 season - this time to
Internazionale Milan, for 23 millions Euro
as a transfer fee.
Despite helping the team to the Coppa
Italia final in 2000, a game that was eventually lost, Seedorf could not help bring any
major silverware to the club. However, he
will be remembered by many Inter fans
for his two goals against Juventus in a 2-2
draw on the 9 March 2002, both of which
were superb.
After two years with Internazionale,
Seedorf moved to city rivals Milan in 2002,
exchanged with Francesco Coco. [4] He
won the Coppa Italia with Milan in 2003,
which was the first time they had won the
competition in twenty-six years. In the same
season, Seedorf gained his third Champions
League medal with a third different team,
after an all Italian final in which Milan beat
Juventus on penalties after a 0-0 draw, despite
Seedorf failing to convert his own penalty.
As a result, Seedorf became the only player
to have won Champions League trophies for
three different clubs.
The following season, 2003–2004,
Seedorf played a role in the Milan side that
won Serie A. It was also Seedorf's fourth
national league title win of his career, after
his two Dutch title wins with Ajax and his
one Spanish win with Madrid .
Seedorf played a major role as Milan
reached the Champions League final again
in 2005.
He started the Istanbul tie against Liverpool in which Milan contrived to lose a 3-0
lead, eventually losing on penalties after a
3-3 draw. Seedorf did not take any of those
spot-kicks. Milan also finished runners-up
in the Scudetto to Juventus in 2005.
A match-fixing scandal tarnished Serie
A and Milan were weakened by the scandal
but were allowed to continue in Europe the
following season, which led to their best
players staying at the club.
Seedorf's role as foil to Kaká became
increasingly impressive as the pair combined
in style to score and supply the goals which
drove Milan past Bayern Munich and Manchester United to another Champions League
final, again against Liverpool, beating them
2-1 in Athens , with Seedorf collecting his
fourth UEFA Champions League medal.
In that same year, Seedorf was a part of
a Milan squad which won the FIFA Club
World Cup, becoming the first European
player to win the trophy with two different
clubs (Real Madrid in 1998). He ended up
winning the Silver Ball for the competition.
Source;Charles Gervas and agencies.
HILL S
The
o b s e r v e r
& L e i s u re
106.5
fm
Still hot face-offs in League
Guus
Hiddink
agrees twoyear deal
with Turkey
By Christopher Majaliwa
T
anzania mainland Vodacom Premier League frontrunner Simba
Sport Club under a Zambian
Patrick Phiri stewardship is
still maintaining its leading position in
second round run of the league having
played sixteen times.
Simba SC finished the first round
with a record of its own as the only
unbeaten team with total of 33 points.
The second round has started showing
slight difference and Simba’s anticipation of emerging the champions without
being beaten has melted-off.
The hopes of maintaining perfect
win was interfered, when Simba
dropped their first two points of the
round after a 1-1 draw by Kagera
Sugar in a very hard encounter at the
Kaitaba Stadium in Bukoba. However
Simba have to win only 3 games to
be declared champions of the season.
Three more games will make a total
point of 55, points which can not be
reached by any team in the league.
Kagera Sugar Bukoba based team
was the first team to offer a very stiff
challenge to Phiri however they still
remain at the top of the league by
having made 46 points in 16 games,
followed by the defending champions
Young African 36 points making the
difference of 10 points.
Despite the fact that Simba is fighting
tooth and nail to honor and maintain
their record of being unbeatable in this
2009/2010 Vodacom Premier League.
The tournament which started on 23rd
August 2009 other competing teams is
seen to be loosing hopes and direction.
Teams which are on the fence and are
on the tramp towards slumping include
Toto Africa, Prison SC 12 points each
and Moro united 13.
On the other hand, the defending
champions Young African under new
coach, a Serbian, Kostadin Papic is
maintaining perfect second round run
by emerging victorious in all the games
it played. From the five playoffs it
encounters, Young African harvested
15 points with total of 12 goals out
which international player a Kenyan
Boniface Ambani after finishing the
first round without scoring even a
single goal, scored 4 goals, Mrisho
Ngassa (5), Jerry Tegete (2) and
Godfrey Bonny (1)
Simba SC in the second round run,
in five games it played it won four
and drew one and made 13 points with
total of 10 goals. Their aggressive
and hazardous striker Mussa Hassan
“Mgosi” has shaken their counterparts’
net six times and placing him at the
top of the league as the best scorer by
having a total of 12 goals.
Other top scorers in the league are
John Boko (Azam FC) and Mrisho
Ngassa (Young African) who have both
scored 10 goals each, Hussein Bunu
(Ruvu JKT) 6, Yusufu Soka (Lyon)
and Jerry Tegete (Young African) both
have 5 goals each. Others are Yona
Ndabila (Moro), Mbwata Samata (
Lyon ), Said Mkopi (Mtibwa) and
Boniface Ambani (Young African)
scored 4 goals each.
Juma K Juma, who was the best
goalkeeper in the first round run in the
league, still maintainS the position by
allowing only six goals to shake his
net out of which four goals were put
behind his net in the first round and
only two goals have gone through his
net in this second run.
In the league Prison FC, is the
leading team in getting bad results
in games it played away followed by
Toto Africa? Prison played 8 games
away, out of which they lost 6, drew
2 and won 7.
Toto Africa also played 9 games
away out of which they won (1), when
they legged against Kagera Sugar at the
Kaitaba Stadium in Bukoba in the first
round; Toto had an impressive win of
2-0 over their counterpart, they drew
1 and lost 7. Unlike Toto Africa which
won only 2 games at the home stadium
Prison have won 3 games.
[email protected]
Photo: File
G
uus Hiddink has turned down
the chance to return to club
management and has agreed
a two-year deal to become the
new coach of Turkey when his current
deal with Russia expires this summer.
Turkish Football Federation
(TFF) president Mahmut Ozgener
and vice-president Lutfi Aribogan
flew out to Amsterdam to negotiate with Hiddink, who had already
confirmed he would be leaving his
current post.
The TFF agreed a deal with the
coach to lead Turkey into the qualifiers for Euro 2012. There is also an
option for a further two years.
A statement on the official TFF
website read: "Dutch coach Guus
Hiddink has accepted to take Turkey's helm until August 2012 after
announcing he won't extend his
contract with Football Union of Russia which was due to expire on 30
June."
The former PSV and Real
Madrid manager, who won the FA
Cup during a spell as caretaker manager of Premier League side Chelsea
last season, had been linked with
a number of club sides - including
Liverpool - but have opted to remain
in international football.
Former Turkey captain Oguz
Cetin will be part of Hiddink's
coaching team, while former Turkey
goalkeeper Engin Ipekoglu will be
goalkeeping coach. A Dutch assistant
is set to be named later.
The former Australia boss took
charge of the Russian team in 2006
and steered them to the Euro 2008
semi-finals, having beaten England
to a place in the tournament, but
Russia then failed to qualify for this
summer's World Cup.
Hiddink also led Holland to the
World Cup semi-finals in 1998 and
South Korea to the same stage four
years later.
Turkey have been drawn alongside Germany, Austria, Belgium,
Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan in qualification for the upcoming European
Championship in Poland and the
Ukraine.
ESPN
ports
ISSUE No. 017 March, 2010
Listen to
Mlimani
radio
THE RED TEAM:Simba Sports Club in a group photo at the National Stadium.Could their earlier prospects of taking this year's league have melted off?
This newspaper is prepared by students of the School of Journalism and Mass Communication of the University of Dar es Salaam and printed by Standard Printers P.O. Box 9033, Dar es Salaam.