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How to Avoid Plagiarism
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Table of Contents
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What is Plagiarism?
Intentional vs. Unintentional Plagiarism
Common Forms of Plagiarism
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Citations
Your Teacher’s Expectations
Quotations
Paraphrases
Summaries
Activities
TIP Services
Gallaudet University’s Academic Honesty
Policy
What is plagiarism?
• Plagiarism comes from the Latin word plagiarius, which means
kidnapper  (Menager-Beeley & Paulos, 2006).
• Plagiarism can occur when copying, summarizing,
paraphrasing, or citing common knowledge (Roig, n.d)., facts,
ideas, and/or words without giving credit to the person from
whom you got the information
(http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/plagiarism.html).
Gallaudet University. (2002, March 7). How to Avoid Plagiarism. Retrieved February 25, 2006
from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/plagiarism.html
Menager-Beeley, R. & Paulos, L. (2006). Understanding plagiarism: a student guide to writing
your own work. New York, NY:Houghton Mifflin.
Roig, M. (n.d.) Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A
guide to ethical writing. Retrieved September 21, 2005 from:
http://facpub.stjohns.edu/~roigm/plagiarism/Plagiarism%20and%20common.html
Intentional vs. Unintentional Plagiarism
What are some examples of intentional and unintentional
plagiarism? (Mundava &Garrett, 2005)
INTENTIONAL
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Copying and pasting parts of or a
whole webpage to submit as own
Downloading a paper from a paper
mill
Ordering a paper from a paper mill
Sharing a paper via email
Using another person’s paper
UNINTENTIONAL
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Paraphrasing a source without citing
it
Failure to include works cited or a
reference page
Patchwork plagiarism; taking the
ideas of other writers and patching
them together.
Mundava, M. & Garrett, M. (2005, January 24). Avoiding Plagiarism. Retrieved January 24,
2007, from the University of Tennessee Libraries Website, PowerPoint Presentation:
http://www.lib.utk.edu/instruction/plagiarism/
Intentional vs. Unintentional Plagiarism
Why do students intentionally or unintentionally plagiarize?
(Council of Writing Program Administrators, 2003)
INTENTIONAL
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Fear of failure or taking risks
Poor time management skills
View consequences of cheating as
unimportant
Does not think that they would get
caught
Does not care about the
consequences
lazy
UNINTENTIONAL
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
May not know how to integrate ideas
of others and document properly
Instructors assume novice students
know and understand proper
documentation
Teachers define plagiarism differently
May not know how to take notes
properly, or done sloppily
Students of other cultures unfamiliar
with American styles of
documentation
Council of Writing Program Administrators. (2003). Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA
Statement on Best Practices. Retrieved January 24, 2007 from http://www.wpacouncil.org
Common forms of plagiarism
• Downloading a free research paper;
• Buying a paper from a research paper mill;
• Copying an article from the internet, or from a
local source;
• Cutting and pasting from several sources; and
• Faking a citation (Harris, 2002).
Harris, R. Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers. Retrieved March 11, 2002
from http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm
How to avoid plagiarism
When you write something that includes:
•
•
•
•
•
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Words;
Opinions;
Statistics;
Facts;
Information from an author or any other source, and
Pictorial representations,
you are required to put down a footnote, quotation
marks, and/or an in-text parenthetical reference to
the author. If there is no author, then state where
you found the information.
Citations
Citations have to be used when you use these methods:
–
–
–
–
–
Quoting
Paraphrasing
Summarizing
Common knowledge (when applicable)
You must write where you got your information from.
• If you are not sure, ask your teacher.
There are many styles of citations. This PowerPoint is using
APA style.
You need to look at your syllabus or ask your teacher what
style s/he requires in order to cite appropriately. Some
teachers will modify citation styles to fit their preference.
Your Teacher’s Expectations
Your FYS teacher asks that when you
write summaries or quotations from your
textbook, include the author’s last name
and page number in parenthesis.
– EX: … People’s driving behavior has really
changed since 1985. (Vartebedian p.13)
NOTE: This is not APA style.
What is a quotation?
• A quote is a word, sentence, or sentences that a
writer copies exactly from a source.
• A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up
to 39 words).
• For quotes of 40 or more words, it stands alone
without quotation marks and is indented five (5)
spaces from the left margin.
• Several Gallaudet faculty state that if you use a
minimum of five words from a sentence, you should
cite it.
Sample of a short quotation
Dismissal actions for academic dishonesty will be made
by the Provost. Students dismissed for academic
dishonesty will be ineligible to return to the University,
except by special action of the Committee on Faculty
and Student affairs.
Short Direct Quotation:
Gallaudet’s Academic Honesty Policy states that all
“Dismissal actions for academic dishonesty will be
made by the Provost.”
(http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf)
Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved
February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf
Sample of a long quotation
A professor who discovers that a student is involved in
unethical practices in connection with required coursework or
examinations has full discretion to give a failing grade for the
particular assignment, a failing grade for the course, and/or
recommend dismissal.
Long Direct Quotation (40 words or more):
A professor who discovers that a student is
involved in unethical practices in connection with
required coursework or examinations has full
discretion to give a failing grade for the particular
assignment, a failing grade for the course, and/or
recommend dismissal.
(http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG0203_policy.pdf)
Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved
February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf
What is a paraphrase?
Paraphrasing is the process of changing an author's
words into your own words.
– As a writing technique, paraphrasing allows you to
summarize another writer's ideas, to fit them smoothly
in with your own ideas, or to use another person's
ideas to prove your own thesis.
– Give credit! When you paraphrase a writer in your
paper, you must give credit to the original author of
the ideas.
Gallaudet University. (2002, March 8). Guide to Paraphrasing. Retrieved February
25, 2006 from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/paraphrasing.html
Sample of paraphrased information from the
"Academic Honesty Policy.”
Original Paragraph:
A professor who discovers that a student is involved in
unethical practices in connection with required coursework or
examinations has full discretion to give a failing grade for the
particular assignment, a failing grade for the course, and/or
recommend dismissal (http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG0203_policy.pdf).
Possible Paraphrase for this paragraph:
According to Gallaudet's "Academic Honesty Policy," teachers
have three options if they catch a student cheating on a test or
paper: 1) give the student an "F" for the test or paper; 2) give
the student an "F" for the whole course; or 3) suggest that the
student be kicked out of school
(http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf).
Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved
February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf
What is a summary?
A summary is a shortened version of someone else's
writing or thoughts. A summary must:
– be shorter than the original source (article, book, passage)
approximately one third the length of the original source;
– include the main idea of the original source in your own words;
– include major details (also known as supporting ideas) in your
own words;
– should not include your knowledge, ideas or opinion.
– Give credit! When you summarize an article, a chapter, or a
book, you must give credit to the original author of the ideas.
Gallaudet University. (2001, June 2). Guide to Summary Writing. Retrieved February 25,
2006 from http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/paraphrasing.html
Sample of a summary from the "Academic Honesty Policy”
Gallaudet University's "Academic Honesty Policy" states that
students need to be honest when filling out forms, taking tests, and
doing writing assignments. If students are not honest, they can be
severely punished. For example, if a student lies on an official form,
like an application, the student can be dismissed from the
university. Also, if a teacher finds that a student cheated on a test
or a paper the teacher can grade the student's test or paper with an
"F." The teacher can also flunk the student for the whole course, or
the teacher can ask the Provost to kick the student out of school for
academic dishonesty. The Provost decides if a student should be
dismissed or not (http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG0203_policy.pdf).
Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved February
25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf
Plagiarism Activity
Does this paragraph have plagiarized information?
Most universities have strict policies about plagiarism.
For example, Gallaudet University students are expected
to represent themselves honestly at all times or they can
get kicked out of school.
This paragraph needs to be cited because the information was
retrieved from the Gallaudet catalog even though it was written
in the author’s own words (paraphrasing).
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Gallaudet University. (2002, April 28). EnglishWorks! Retrieved February 25, 2006 from
http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/
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Gallaudet University. (2005, August 9). SmartThinking! Retrieved February 25, 2006 from
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Academic Honesty Policy
Gallaudet University students are expected to represent themselves honestly
at all times and in all contact with University faculty, administration, and staff.
Misrepresentation on University documents, course assignments, or examinations is in
conflict with the spirit and teachings of a university.
All students are expected to learn and abide by the rules and regulations of
Gallaudet University, to provide full and accurate information on University documents,
and to acquaint themselves fully with proper procedures for doing research, writing
papers, and taking examinations.
If a student knowingly provides false information or forges or conceals
relevant information on admissions, registration, or any other University document, the
student's registration may be canceled. If such a discovery is made after a student is
officially enrolled in the University, that student may be dismissed from the University.
A professor who discovers that a student is involved in unethical practices in
connection with required coursework or examinations has full discretion to give a failing
grade for the particular assignment, a failing grade for the course, and/ or recommend
dismissal. Dismissal actions for academic dishonesty will be made by the Provost.
Students dismissed for academic dishonesty will be ineligible to return to the University,
except by special action of the Committee on Faculty and Student Affairs.
Gallaudet University. (2002-2003). Gallaudet University Undergraduate Catalog. Retrieved
February 25, 2006 from: http://admissions.gallaudet.edu/pdf/UG02-03_policy.pdf