1. society

Chapter 5 - What is Culture?
Study Guide Review
Pages 66-79
20 Terms to Know:
1. Culture → is a reflection of who and what we
are. It refers to everything connected
with the way humans live in groups.
2. Anthropologists → social scientists who study
human cultural characteristics.
3. Cultural Diversity → variety and differences
among cultures.
4. Physical Needs → human needs for items
and conditions that sustain life; such as water,
clothing and shelter.
5. Emotional Needs → human needs for
conditions such as friendship, love and a sense
of belonging.
6. Values → ideas, beliefs and ways of behaving
that are valuable/important to the people of a
certain culture.
7. Material Culture → the physical object that
are produced/used by a society.
8. Non-Material Culture → elements of culture
that are not physical, including spoken
language, religious beliefs and values.
9. Traditions → customs, beliefs, stories that are
passed down from one generation to the next.
10. Popular Culture → Culture shared by
many groups in Western society and around
the world, examples include: Brand-name
clothing and popular music.
11. Traditional Culture → culture passed
down from one generation to the next.
12. Rites → ceremonies that are part of a
traditional culture.
13. Bannock → Scottish oatcakes/sausage
(page 71 – Celtic Culture in Cape Breton)
14. Microcosm → a miniature model (p. 76)
15. Socialization → the process of learning
behavior that is suitable in your culture.
16. Institutions → organizations with social,
educational and religious purposes.
17. Formal Groups → organized groups that
contribute to a culture. (ex. Hockey team)
18. Informal Groups → groups of people who
meet casually for a common purpose.
19. Contributing Culture → cultures of
groups within a society that are distinct from
the mainstream but contribute to and enrich the
mainstream.
20. Mainstream Culture → The general
culture of the majority of the people.
20 Questions – Study Guide
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1. Name the 5 aspects of every culture. (p.67)
A. Physical Environment
B. History
C. Social Life
D. Economic Life
E. Political Life
2. What does Culture include? (p. 67)
Culture includes all the ways people respond to their
physical environment, economic life, social life and
their political life. Culture also includes arts and
entertainment as well as behaviors, beliefs and
various organizations.
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3. Is there a difference between cultural acquisitions
and inherited traits? (p. 68)
Although culture is transmitted from one generation to
the next, it is separate from the genetic transmitting
of traits. For instance, you may have inherited the
fact that you are tall, but this is not a cultural
characteristic. However, the style of clothes you
wear would be largely influenced by your culture.
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4. Who was George Murdock? (p.68)
George Murdock was an American
anthropologist that compiled a list of common
characteristics that he found in every culture
all over the world. (Ex: Art, Education, Sports)
5. What are two types of needs? (p. 70)
Two types of needs are, your physical
needs, (such as food, clothing, shelter) and
your emotional needs (such as the need for
friendship, love and belonging).
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6. Explain the difference between material
and non-material culture. Give 5 examples of
each.
Material culture is the physical object that are
produced/used by a society. Examples include,
money, books, clothes, homes and food. NonMaterial culture are elements of culture that are
not physical, including spoken language, religious
beliefs and values.
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7. How can our visual material culture lead to
stereotyping?
Visual material culture can lead us to
stereotype people because we may decide to
judge/form opinions about a person based on
the style of clothing they wear, the type of
music they listen to or other visible material
they may use/have.
8. What is North America’s oldest continuing
sport?
The St. John’s Royal Newfoundland Regatta is
Newfoundland’s oldest continuing sport.
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9. Give four examples of popular culture.
(p. 73)
Four examples of popular culture would be:
a) brand-name clothing (Guess, Nike)
b) popular television shows (reality shows)
c) sports stars (David Beckham)
d) popular music (Brittany Spears/Madonna)
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10. How is popular culture spread? (p.73)
(Know 3 ways)
Popular culture is spread mainly through
the use of technology. It spreads through
the mass media – including T.V. radio,
internet, fax machines and by phone.
It can also be spread by newspaper,
books and movies.
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11. Where does most of the popular
culture shared by people all over the
world come from? (p. 72-73)
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Most of the popular culture that is spread
around the world originates from groups
in Western world.
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12. What cultural elements has Canada
exported to the USA and the rest of the
world? (p. 73)
Canada and the USA have exported things
such as:
• Most of the television shows people
watch,
• Music people listen to,
• Magazines people read.
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13a) MacDonald’s Restaurant is an
example of what type of culture?
b) How many countries have McDonald
Restaurants? (p. 73)
MacDonald’s Restaurants are an example of
Popular culture.
There are over 100 countries that have
MacDonald Restaurants.
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14. Figure 5.10 – How does popular culture
depend on each of the factors listed? (p. 73)
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If an item is considered to be in demand by
the public (example: Pico-Pico cola) then the
Mass production will need to produce many
cans of this cola, there will need to be many
delivery drivers (mass distribution) along with
many advertisements (T.V. radio, billboard)
and more and more people will buy the
product (mass consumption).
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15. How do we learn the behavior suitable to
our culture?
We learn the behavior suitable to our culture
through a process called socialization.
Socialization is the interaction of people
together in groups.
There are 8 agents of socialization.
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16. Name the agents of socialization at work in our
lives?
There are eight agents of socialization, they include:
1. Family
2. Schools
3. Peer groups
4. Clubs/Teams
5. Community
6. Government
7. Religious Groups
8. Mass Media
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Figure 5-12. Why are sports figures powerful
agents of socialization?
Sports figures are powerful agents of
socialization because they are often role
models for young people. Teens may value
their team efforts/behaviors and incorporate
these behaviors/values into their own lives
when they socialize within their own peer
groups.
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18. Identify the factors that can contribute to
your school culture. (Remember we have
learned 8 agents of socialization).
Factors that can contribute to our school
culture may include both formal and informal
group activity. Formal groups may include
hockey teams, cheerleading teams, student
leadership group and various clubs such as
the breakfast club.
Informal groups may involve a group of
students meeting up after school to play a
game of basketball, skateboard etc.
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19. What are three methods for resolving
conflicts? (p. 77)
Three ways to resolve conflicts are:
A. Dialogue → discussion of ideas.
B. Problem Solving → identifying a possible
solution.
C. Mediation → settling a dispute two other
parties in a friendly manner.
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Can a person have more than one culture at
a time? If so, what are they and how do they
define our lives? (p. 78)
You can have more than one culture at a
time. For instance, you can be an Irish
Catholic urban Newfoundlander. This can
define our lives because it gives us a sense
of who we are by identifying our personal
history and our values and beliefs.