1. science

COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
PROGRAM ANNOUNCEMENT/SOLICITATION NO./CLOSING DATE/if not in response to a program announcement/solicitation enter NSF 04-23
NSF 04-550
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NSF PROPOSAL NUMBER
10/29/04
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DGE - IGERT FULL PROPOSALS
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University of Rhode Island
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University of Rhode Island
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MINORITY BUSINESS
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IGERT: Assessing Change in Coastal Ecosystems: Integrating Natural and
Social Sciences
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PI/PD DEPARTMENT
PI/PD POSTAL ADDRESS
Narragansett Bay Campus
University of Rhode Island
Narragansett, RI 02882
United States
Coastal Institute
PI/PD FAX NUMBER
401-874-6569
NAMES (TYPED)
HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS/OTHER GRAPHICS WHERE EXACT COLOR
REPRESENTATION IS REQUIRED FOR PROPER INTERPRETATION (GPG I.E.1)
High Degree
Yr of Degree
Telephone Number
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PhD
1981
401-874-6513
[email protected]
PhD
1975
401-874-5138
[email protected]
Ph.D
1981
401-874-4590
[email protected]
Ph.D.
1967
401-874-6132
[email protected]
MA
1971
401-792-1000
[email protected]
PI/PD NAME
Peter V August
CO-PI/PD
Richard Burroughs
CO-PI/PD
James J Opaluch
CO-PI/PD
Candace A Oviatt
CO-PI/PD
Judith M Swift
Page 1 of 2
Assessing Change in Coastal Ecosystems: Integrating Natural and Social Sciences
Peter V. August, Principal Investigator
Coastal Institute, University of Rhode Island
The Coastal Institute IGERT Project (CIIP) has developed an integrated, multi-disciplinary graduate curriculum to
enrich the education of students who show potential for leadership in solving environmental problems in coastal
ecosystems. Working closely with each other and with our non-academic partner institutions, students from the
natural sciences (ecology, biology, fisheries, natural resources science) and the social sciences (economics,
governance, planning, coastal policy) will acquire competence in developing, implementing, and monitoring
programs and policies that promote the vitality of coastal regions. To accomplish this our students must be able to
anticipate and negotiate points of conflict among environmental, social, and economic perspectives on issues of
coastal science and management. The CIIP uses the expertise of Humanities Scholars to provide students with tools
and perspectives that transcend disciplines and are fundamental to bridging science and public policy in practice.
These tools draw from the spheres of ethics, cultural values, and social equity, thus requiring leadership and
communication skills to effect genuine integration of method. Our IGERT program responds to the urgent need for
practical integration with a pedagogy based upon these core principles:
* Integration of science and policy is effectively accomplished in a bottom-up, student-driven setting.
* Experiential learning in the natural sciences and social sciences is the most effective way to show students how
each system works and expose them to actual and potential mechanisms of integration.
* The humanities, especially philosophy and communication studies, train students to confront ethical and cultural
issues which are omnipresent in coastal science and management. Moreover, the humanities address and
identify our personal and disciplinary “lens of bias” which enables us to better filter information, form scientific
questions, and develop policy that is sensitive to the wider range of human diversity.
We have developed a richly integrated 2-year curriculum that expands doctoral student training by forging concrete
linkages among and even beyond traditional disciplines. Under the auspices of our non-academic partner
organizations first year CIIP students will spend their spring semester producing White Papers on issues of
immediate relevance to coastal management and research. Our program then provides advanced leadership
opportunities for second-year CIIP students by placing them in non-academic scientific research and policy-setting
venues during the internship component of our curriculum. The collective cohort of 26 CIIP students, diverse in
personal background as well as academic field, will significantly impact the integration of science and policy beyond
the university setting.
The Intellectual Merit of the CIIP – The University of Rhode Island has established depth and breadth in research
in the natural science and social science dimensions coastal ecosystem management, especially in fisheries, and
watershed and estuarine science. The primary goal of the CIIP is to integrate the traditionally disparate disciplines in
the natural and social sciences to form a coherent, multidisciplinary framework for coastal research. This framework
will sharpen the focus of basic research in the sciences by identifying the critical questions and information needs of
resource managers. Similarly, research in the social sciences will be advanced by bringing scientific literacy to the
assessment of economic and social dimensions of coastal environmental problems. The intellectual legacy of our
program will result in better governance and policy through the research papers we produce, the new culture of Ph.D.
students we create, and the pedagogical model our program will establish in integrated coastal management.
Broader Impacts of the CIIP – The integrated research and training in the CIIP will produce practical solutions to
environmental problems that are relevant to much of coastal America. Our curriculum will provide intellectual
stimulation not merely for CIIP Fellows but also for the broader University of Rhode Island academic community
and our non-academic partners (public agencies, political leadership, non-governmental organizations, private
enterprise). Additionally, our commitment to progressive recruitment initiatives will result in a greater number of
women and under-represented minorities attending the University of Rhode Island; the CIIP will function as a vector
for a more diverse research and learning environment. We envision a culture of Ph.D. education at the University of
Rhode Island that embraces a multidisciplinary framework for research and problem-solving in coastal management;
one that achieves genuine integration of science and policy through a unique emphasis on the shared relations with
ethics, diverse human values, social equity, leadership, and communication.
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Summary Page 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
For font size and page formatting specifications, see GPG section II.C.
Total No. of
Pages
Page No.*
(Optional)*
Cover Sheet for Proposal to the National Science Foundation
Project Summary
(not to exceed 1 page)
1
Table of Contents
1
Project Description (Including Results from Prior
NSF Support) (not to exceed 15 pages) (Exceed only if allowed by a
specific program announcement/solicitation or if approved in
advance by the appropriate NSF Assistant Director or designee)
28
References Cited
3
Biographical Sketches
(Not to exceed 2 pages each)
Budget
24
10
(Plus up to 3 pages of budget justification)
Current and Pending Support
0
Facilities, Equipment and Other Resources
1
Special Information/Supplementary Documentation
9
Appendix (List below. )
(Include only if allowed by a specific program announcement/
solicitation or if approved in advance by the appropriate NSF
Assistant Director or designee)
Appendix Items:
*Proposers may select any numbering mechanism for the proposal. The entire proposal however, must be paginated.
Complete both columns only if the proposal is numbered consecutively.
Section (C) Project Description
Section (C) a. List of URI Participants (Name, Discipline, Affiliation).
Social Science
Anderson, Christopher - Experimental
Economics4
Anderson, James - Fisheries Economics4
Boulmetis, John - Program Evaluation12
Burroughs, Richard - Ecosystem Governance2
Dalton, Tracey - Marine Protected Areas2
Hennessey, Tim - Coastal Governance2
Juda, Larry - Ecosystem Governance2
Mederer, Helen - Social Dynamics in
Communities8
Moakley, Maureen - State & Regional
Politics11
Olsen, Stephen - International Coastal
Management3
Opaluch, James - Decision Dynamics4
Sutinen, Jon - Fisheries Economics4
Swallow, Stephen - Ecosystem Economics4
Thompson, Robert - Environmental Planning2
Tyrrell, Timothy - Tourism Economics4
Roheim, Cathy - Fisheries Economics4
Humanities
Derbyshire, Lynn - Cross-cultural Diversity
and Gender Communication10
Foster, Cheryl - Environmental Ethics &
Aesthetics6
Killilea, Alfred - Ethics and Public Service11
Knott, Gene - Leadership8
Mather, Roderick - Marine Archaeology9
Swift, Judith - Science & Policy
Communication10
Natural Science
August, Peter - Landscape Ecology & GIS1
Bengston, David - Fisheries7
Carrington, Emily - Marine Ecology5
Cobb, Stanley - Marine Ecology5
Collie, Jeremy - Fisheries Population Biology3
Costa-Pierce, Barry - Ecological Aquaculture3
Deacutis, Christopher - Marine Ecology3
Forrester, Graham - Fish Community Ecology1
Gold, Arthur - Watershed Hydrology1
Gomez-Chiarri, Marta - Fisheries Pathology7
Heikes, Brian - Atmospheric Science3
Killingbeck, Keith - Plant Ecology5
Kincaid, Chris - Estuarine Hydrodynamics3
King, John - Coastal Geology3
McWilliams, Scott - Wildlife Ecology1
Nixon, Scott - Estuarine Ecology3
Oviatt, Candace - Marine Ecology3
Paton, Peter - Conservation Biology1
Roman, Charles - Wetland Ecology3
Stolt, Mark - Soil Science1
Twombly, Saran - Aquatic Ecology5
Wang, Y.Q. - Land Use Change & Remote
Sensing1
Yoder, James - Coastal Remote Sensing3
Departmental Affiliations: 1 Natural Resources, 2 Marine Affairs, 3 Oceanography, 4 Environmental
Economics, 5 Biology, 6 Philosophy, 7 Fisheries, 8 Sociology, 9 History, 10 Communication Studies, 11
Political Science, 12 Education
Section (C) b. Vision, Goals, and Thematic Basis. Environmental management is a complex integration
of social science, natural science, planning, policy development, governance, politics, monitoring and
assessment. Communication and partnering among natural scientists, social scientists, regulators, and
political leaders are essential for effective environmental management (National Research Council 1993,
Lubchenko 1998, Hennessey and Imperial 2000, Ludwig et al. 2001, Alpert and Keller 2003). In a perfect
world, the flow of information and ideas progresses smoothly through the enterprise (Reichman and
Pulliam 1996); however, this process frequently does not happen because the components of coastal
science and management become isolated from one another (Heinz Center 2004). Grounded in this
observation - that natural and social scientists are disconnected from governance processes in coastal (and
other) ecosystems - the Coastal Institute IGERT Project (CIIP) will create a cohort of next-generation
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Page 1
leaders who are skilled in evaluating and communicating environmental problems in coastal ecosystems.
Through study, research and field experience in coastal science and policy, the CIIP Fellows (selected
Ph.D. students) will learn to be effective leaders in interdisciplinary teams formed to resolve complex
environmental problems in coastal systems. In addition, by filtering coastal science and policy through
questions raised within the humanities (issues of ethics, human values and communication), CIIP Fellows
will develop an array of tools that will enable them to evaluate, explain, persuade and mediate. These
diverse points of view will empower CIIP Fellows to lead others toward a common understanding of
complex issues that arise from interactions between human and natural systems.
Population growth is greatest in coastal landscapes (Cohen et al. 1997). Conflicts between human
activities and ecosystem processes occur with greater frequency at the land/sea margin than in any other
environmental setting (Costanza et al. 1997, Pew Oceans Commission 2003, U.S. Commission on Ocean
Policy 2004). Coastal regions provide an ideal landscape to bridge science and policy.
Thus, the goals of the CIIP program are: 1) to create a generation of Ph.D.-level scholars who are
sensitive to the policy implications of their research and are able to incorporate natural and social science
into policy development, and 2) to establish a culture of interdisciplinary communication and
collaboration among natural scientists, social scientists and policy-makers. The following objectives will
assist us in achieving our goals. We will:
Curriculum and Research
Enrich both the theoretical and applied dimensions of the educational experience as CIIP Fellows
develop their dissertation proposals.
L Expand (not replace) the traditional mentoring that occurs between student and Major Professor by
fostering interdisciplinary learning, dialogue, interaction and partnering.
L Create an environment where students of diverse backgrounds engage in effective peer-learning.
L Develop a graduate student curriculum that integrates policy, natural science and social sciences
through research on coastal ecosystems and their management.
L
Intersection With Humanities
Facilitate communication among disciplines, and between scientists and decision-makers.
L Address the ethics of management scenarios in coastal regions where management options challenge
the values, social practices and economic well-being of individuals, professions and communities.
L Integrate issues of ethics, human values and communication (traditionally known as humanistic
inquiry) into evolving areas of coastal research and management.
L
Skills Development
Mentor CIIP Fellows in the development of leadership, mediation and communication skills, and
create opportunities for them to exercise those skills in meaningful settings.
L Foster imaginative thinking as a means to identify and address challenges encountered in the coastal
zone.
L Create opportunities for Ph.D. students to gain practical problem-solving experience during the CIIP
program and expose them to postdoctoral opportunities in coastal science and policy offered by
professional societies such as the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS),
Ecological Society of America (ESA) and the Soil Science Society of America.
L
Outreach Applications
L Provide CIIP Fellows with the opportunity to interact and network with the world’s best research
scientists and leaders in coastal system inquiry, policy and management.
L Recruit women and underrepresented racial and ethnic groups into our program to expand the
multiplicity of perspectives, thereby creating a multicultural, cross-disciplinary cadre of CIIP Fellows
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Page 2
and thus of future leaders in coastal ecosystem research and management.
The CIIP pedagogy is designed to create a generation of "T competent" coastal scholars (Reise 2001). T
competency signifies depth of knowledge in a specific discipline (the vertical bar of the "T") and
breadth of knowledge encompassing many disciplines (the horizontal bar above the "T"). The
traditional academic Ph.D. curriculum provides disciplinary depth. The CIIP will provide the additional
component of T competency through interdisciplinary breadth. Furthermore, we are careful to
distinguish between multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary programming (Coughlin et al. 2002).
Multidisciplinary activities engage participants from diverse fields of knowledge; however, individuals
might not work out of their particular discipline. Its spirit is that of aggregation. Interdisciplinary
programming, by contrast, extends beyond a multidisciplinary base and strives to create a unified
process that draws on knowledge from a variety of disciplines, which in turn may influence the scope of
a policy or the dimensions of a scientific hypothesis. Its spirit is integrative.
Participants in the CIIP Program - The participants in the CIIP program, known collectively as the CIIP
Community, are defined as follows:
CIIP Fellows - Ph.D. students supported by IGERT funds for 2 years. CIIP Fellows will remain active in
the program after the 2-year period but will be supported by extramural or University funds after their
2-year IGERT funding.
Major Professors - faculty supervisors of CIIP Fellows who will also participate in the CIIP program
through programmatic and instructional activities.
Practitioner Scholars - partners outside of the University who will host CIIP Fellow interns and set
parameters for the development of white papers on pressing coastal issues.
Humanities Scholars - faculty who specialize in research and teaching of the humanistic components of
this project including ethics, cultural values, social equity, leadership and communication.
CIIP Council - the Director of the Coastal Institute; URI faculty representing natural science, social
science and the humanities; the URI National Association of Fellowship Advisers (NAFA)
representative; a student representative that is an active or past CIIP Fellow; the Dean of the College of
the Environment and Life Science and the Dean of the Graduate School of Oceanography.
URI is Uniquely Qualified to Develop This Program - Recognizing the opportunities presented by its
unique geographic setting on Narragansett Bay and coastal Rhode Island, the University of Rhode Island
has invested considerable resources in building capacity in coastal programs over the past 30 years. As a
result URI has one of the nation's strongest academic programs in coastal science, policy, governance and
resource management. Our ability to make significant strides in reshaping the education paradigm of
coastal ecosystem management has never been stronger for many reasons.
The number and diversity of URI faculty who have agreed to contribute to making the CIIP a success
reflects the institution's commitment to interdisciplinary problem-solving in coastal systems.
L URI programs have a consistent record of placing graduates with prestigious Institutes and
Fellowships that advance coastal science nationally and internationally - these include Switzer
Fellows, Knauss Fellows (URI has four this year) and Fulbright Fellows.
L Strong coastal programs already exist within URI and will form the basis of the CIIP. These include:
- The Coastal Resources Center - the world leader in developing integrated coastal zone
management solutions for developing countries.
- The Rhode Island Sea Grant (NOAA) and Land Grant (USDA) programs - institutions designed
to integrate science with the needs of society.
- Federal programs and partnerships within URI - organizations that fund research and outreach in
coastal watershed management, fisheries, aquaculture and coastal communities; partnerships
include the Agricultural Experiment Station (USDA), Cooperative Extension Service (USDA),
L
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Page 3
-
North Atlantic Coast Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (NPS, USGS, USDA NRCS), the
National Park Service Coastal Inventory and Monitoring Program, and the NOAA Cooperative
Marine Education and Research program.
Research laboratories of federal agencies located adjacent to the URI campus - the NOAA
National Marine Fisheries Service and Environmental Protection Agency enhance and expand the
local community of coastal science practitioners.
The EPA National Estuary Program and personnel with the NOAA National Estuarine Research
Reserve System - located at URI or administered by URI faculty.
The Nature Conservancy's global office for Marine Programs - located at URI.
The URI Coastal Institute - an umbrella organization to create interdisciplinary coalitions of
academic, public and private agencies, and NGOs to manage Narragansett Bay and its watershed.
Section (C) c. Research Efforts. Two years of IGERT education will produce interdisciplinary doctoral
research by CIIP Fellows in the core areas described below. These research themes have grown out of the
identification of particular problems and topics that our faculty are uniquely poised to address. With this
exceptional intellectual strength, URI has the capacity to tightly integrate the social and natural science
dimensions of coastal ecosystem management. Of particular relevance to this proposal is the added
capability of URI Humanities Scholars to address these dimensions in unique ways, thereby enriching the
dialogue, perspectives and skill sets pertinent to the research agenda of CIIP Fellows and their Major
Professors.
Watershed and Estuarine Systems. Personnel: P. August, R. Burroughs, T. Dalton, C. Deacutis, G.
Forrester, C. Foster, A. Gold, F. Golet, P. Hargraves, T. Hennessey, A. Killilea, K. Killingbeck, J. King,
G. Knott, R. Mather, S. McWilliams, M. Moakley, S. Nixon, B. Nowicki, J. Opaluch, C. Oviatt, P. Paton,
M. Stolt, B. Sullivan, S. Swallow, J. Swift, R. Thompson, T. Tyrrell, Y.Q. Wang, J. Yoder.
Issues in Estuarine Research - Hypoxia (“dead zones”), fish kills, habitat degradation and shell-fishing
bans have galvanized the management community to protect and restore estuaries at scales ranging from
small lagoons less than 100 ha, to regional estuaries such as the Narragansett Bay. CIIP estuarine
scientists will conduct research with CIIP Fellows to understand anthropogenic impacts associated with
increased nutrient loading and climate changes that are documented for Narragansett Bay over the last
century. Below we summarize major research endeavors in estuarine and watershed systems by CIIP
scientists and scholars.
L
Within
the estuary, what factors control the response of phytoplankton primary productivity, sea
grasses and macroalgae, and hypoxia to nutrient loading? Managers need guidance to identify the
sensitivity of different estuaries to nutrient loading and to evaluate the benefits of pollution abatement
strategies for point and non-point sources. C. Oviatt, S. Nixon and B. Nowicki examine changes that
result from local and regional drivers, such as eutrophication, pollution and climate (Nixon 1997,
Nowicki et al. 1999). Their robust investigations are characterized by tight connections among
modelers, experimentalists and process-level scientists. Nixon and co-workers develop models that
build upon ongoing biogeochemical assessments of annual mass balance of carbon, nitrogen and
phosphorus in Narragansett Bay (Nixon et al. 1995). Ecosystem models have been developed for the
Narragansett Bay and smaller bays that estimate prehistoric and predict future nutrient inputs,
productivity and the occurrence of hypoxic/anoxic events. These studies are integrated with whole
system studies by MERL (Marine Ecosystem Research Laboratory) scientists on the relationships
between levels and ratios of nutrients and primary production, limiting nutrients along a salinity
gradient, and the relationships among nutrient levels, stratification and hypoxia. C. Foster has examined
cultural attitudes toward the value of submerged sea grasses, clashes between legislative and NGOgenerated principles for estuarine restoration and social obstacles to efficacious restoration of degraded
habitat (Foster 2000, 2005). The YSI sensors and SeaBird sensor system we request in the equipment
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Page 4
budget are critical instruments in data gathering for studies of hypoxia in Narragansett Bay. The
sediment profile camera we request in the equipment budget is used to quantify benthic community
composition.
L
How
can research findings on anthropogenic and natural changes in ecosystem condition be
assimilated into coastal policy? There is a need for scientific research on climate that pays attention to
making results available in a form directly relevant to decisions faced by local decision makers.
Furthermore, decision makers encounter obstacles to acquiring, understanding and using information
about climate change, with the result that many decisions remain uninformed regarding the implications
of ecosystem change. CIIP researchers at URI’s Policy Simulation Laboratory are utilizing advanced
GIS technologies to create visualization systems that show how landscape changes will appear under
various management scenarios (Opaluch et al. 2002). R. Mather examines submerged vessels that
function as artificial reefs within established ecosystems in order to assess potential tension between
their cultural and ecosystem status. R. Thompson, L. Philo and J. Opaluch are working with Cape Cod
stakeholders to develop technology-based policy tools that help communities assess the values and risks
of alternative policy actions in response to climate change. This is complemented by Burrough’s (1999)
research on the role of stakeholder input in developing watershed-based management plans for coastal
estuaries. Concurrently, T. Hennessey and M. Healey are examining the estuarine management
structures that have used scientific information most effectively (Healey and Hennessey, 1994). J. Swift
works on alternative methods to promote civic participation in the acquisition of knowledge about the
relevant science and the development of persuasive techniques to involve decision makers in needed
social and behavioral change as identified by science.
L
What
are the key social and environmental indicators of estuarine ecosystems to management actions?
CIIP scientists J. Yoder, M. Fox and Y.Q. Wang use satellite imagery and remote sensing to identify
temporal and spatial patterns of algal blooms and to track historical and current changes in the extent
and quality of sea grass beds (Siegel et al. 2002). CIIP scientists test and apply new technologies such
as in situ sensors and telemetry systems that promote real-time detection of estuarine behavior (Fox et
al. 2000). P. Hargraves, J. Collie and D. Smith monitor plankton, fish and bacteria to detect
environmental change (Hargraves and Maranda 2002). J. Opaluch creates decision rules under
uncertainty that prioritize actions to control potentially invasive species before they are established
within coastal ecosystems. The URI Coastal Institute administers the Narragansett Bay and watershed
monitoring consortium which is creating a data collection, synthesis and communication framework
that is effective, responsive and affordable. J. Swift uses datasets derived from these initiatives as the
basis for the creation of artistic works that explicate data in accessible forms.
Issues in Watershed Research - In the face of prolonged and rapid population growth of coastal areas
(Cohen et al. 1997), decision makers have embraced the “watershed approach” that recognizes the
cumulative and multi-dimensional effects of local land management decisions. Land cover conversion in
the past 40 years has reshaped much of Rhode Island’s rural landscape from large forested tracts to a
mosaic of small parcels dominated by the built environment (August et al. 2002). CIIP research explores
issues of land use and its effects on coastal biodiversity, freshwater quality and estuarine ecosystems, thus
permitting insight into the efficacy of land use policies at the local and regional scale. We summarize
below a few of the research questions asked by members of the CIIP research community.
L
What
are the forces of change in coastal landscapes? J. Opaluch and R. Thompson are studying how
incentives and government policies work together to influence locational choices by business and
residents. This understanding is central to design of management strategies to control community
growth, and therefore impacts to natural amenities in the coastal zone. A. Killilea and M. Moakley
employ case studies based on the most recent and available data to prepare public administrators for
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Page 5
ethical decision making in environments where competing interests are at work. Y.Q Wang uses
satellite imagery and remote sensing technology to measure and model landscape change (Wang et al.
2003, Wang and Zhang 2001). Using metrics developed by landscape ecologists, they assess changes in
patch size, isolation and composition of matrix habitats in suburban and rural landscapes (Novak and
Wang In Press). P. August use geographic information system technology to characterize the ecological
geography of coastal landscapes (Rosenzweig et al. 2002) and to evaluate the suitability of various data
for resource management analysis and modeling (Hollister et al. 2004).
L
How
do nutrient sinks affect the risks of nutrient loading from sources within a watershed? Estuarine
systems can be driven by land use/land cover changes that affect the inflow of fresh water and nutrients.
A major question confronting watershed planners is where to target source control efforts. CIIP
scientists A. Gold and B. Nowicki use reactive and nonreactive tracers, such as SF6, N2:Ar ratios and
15N, to examine nutrient retention and transformations within natural sinks, such as riparian wetlands,
in-stream processing and coastal groundwater (Addy et al. 2002, Portnoy et al. 1998). M. Stolt and
students study the occurrence and source of labile carbon deposits to provide insight into the long-term
viability of these sinks. The Coastal Institute works with local and regional conservation and planning
organizations (The Nature Conservancy, Land Trusts, communities) to integrate protection of riparian
habitats into local land use plans, zoning and open space acquisition strategies (McCann et al. 2001). G.
Knott applies leadership paradigms to sort through complex layers of possible choices and to encourage
stakeholder commitment.
LHow
does habitat fragmentation affect biological communities, and what are the resulting changes in
human well-being? Fragmentation impacts to ecological communities are used to assess the
environmental, social and economic dimensions of suburban sprawl (August et al. 2002). Using
econometric methods, CIIP scientist Swallow measures what local communities value most in
conservation programs and what they are willing to pay to maintain rural and natural landscapes (Kline
and Swallow 1998). In addition, S. Swallow and C. Foster develop mechanisms to account for the role
of non-market values in relation to unexpected community preferences about conservation. P. Paton and
F. Golet measure the effects of landscape composition on the diversity of amphibian communities in
vernal pools and forest dwelling bird communities (Paton and Crouch 2002). S. McWilliams and his
students evaluate how land use changes in coastal landscapes effect the ecological physiology of
Neotropical migratory birds (McWilliams and Karasov 2001).
L
How
can impacts to coastal landscapes be mitigated by conservation planning and habitat restoration?
CIIP faculty S. Nixon, F. Golet and C. Roman conduct large-scale field experiments in coastal wetland
restoration. By manipulating tidal flow to degraded salt marsh habitats, these researchers can replicate
conditions suitable for the reestablishment of native marsh vegetation (Raposa et al. 1999). J. Opaluch
and colleagues examine the viability of economic and ecological indicators for use in models that
prioritize salt marsh restoration efforts (Johnston et al. 2002a). K. Killingbeck and his students have
developed models to predict biodiversity hotspots based on geomorphology; these models can guide
open space acquisition projects (Nichols et al. 1998). P. August, A. McCann and colleagues have
developed a multivariate spatial model to identify critical lands for conservation (McCann et al. 2001).
This tool is used to support the acquisition efforts of land trusts and local conservation organizations. S.
Swallow, J. Opaluch and colleagues have developed methods to assess public response to complex
policy alternatives including the economic value of and incentives for science-based policies to
maintain rural and natural landscapes. They have also developed ecological-economic models to
understand decision-making, and create decision processes that incorporate social and natural science
knowledge (Johnston et al. 2002a, Johnston et al. 2002b, Johnston et al. 2003). These decision
processes, simulative in character, are studied and tested in the Policy Simulation Laboratory using
human subjects who help identify successes and failures in our understanding of science-based decision
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
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and policy processes. The wireless networking system we request in the equipment budget will be an
exciting new addition to the Simulation Lab’s capacity to assess subject responses to policy scenarios.
J. Swift uses an artistic model to convey the implications of ecological economics to the broader public,
including legislators, journalists and researchers from disparate fields. T. Hennessey and colleagues use
adaptive management principles to examine the development and implementation of comprehensive
watershed management efforts within Chesapeake Bay and the national estuary program of EPA
(Imperial and Hennessey 1993). They have continued this line of inquiry in the National Academy of
Public Administration study on the role of collaboration in the governance of watersheds. Their inquiry
undertakes a comparative analysis of the estuaries of Narragansett Bay, Delaware Inland bays, Tampa
Bay and Tillamook Bay in Oregon (Imperial and Hennessey 2000).
Fisheries Management and Ecological Aquaculture. Personnel: C. Anderson, J. Anderson, D.
Bengston, L. Buckley, J. Collie, B. Costa-Pierce, L. Derbyshire, E. Durbin, C. Foster, T. Hennessey, G.
Klein-MacPhee, S. Macinko, H. Mederer, M. Moakley, S. Olsen, C. Oviatt, M. Rice, C. Roman, B.
Sullivan, J. Sutinen, J. Swift, K. Wishner
Globally, two-thirds of the major marine fisheries are fully exploited, overexploited, or depleted (FAO
2002). One-fifth of the world's fisheries catch is discarded as by-catch (Cook 2003). To maintain the
industry, global fisheries are subsidized by an estimated $14-$20 billion per year - four times the value of
US landings (Milazzo 1998). The growing trends include declines in wild fishery resources, price
increases and the replacement of wild fish by cultured fish. CIIP fisheries scientists study the
oceanographic processes that support fish and shellfish production, conduct quantitative analyses of
resource species, and explore ways to implement ecosystem-based fisheries management. The social
issues related to fisheries include the impacts of fishing and climate on recruitment, the impact of fishing
on fish habitat, fisheries governance and management, the impact of changes in fisheries practice on
economic and cultural dimensions of long-term fisheries communities, and the role of aquaculture in
fisheries and in pollution of inshore waters.
L
How
are commercial fish populations being impacted by multiple human stressors, including fishing,
pollution and habitat loss/restoration? After decades of single-species focus, environmental managers
have begun to recognize that resource species should be studied in an ecosystem context to quantify the
impacts of protected areas/fishing closures and climate trends. Multi-species models that incorporate
predator-prey interactions have been increasingly used as statistical tools for CIIP scientists. Ecosystem
models of Narragansett Bay and subsystems, such as Greenwich Bay, have displayed the effects of
pollution from excessive nutrients and have also revealed hypoxic/anoxic events in enclosed small
systems. Researchers have restored tidal flow to salt marshes and then measured the ecological
responses to restoration (Raposa et al. 1999). CIIP scientists also quantify the impacts of fishing gear on
juvenile fish habitat and monitor the ecological response to large-scale fishery closures (Collie et al.
2000). Agar and Sutinen (forthcoming) have developed a multispecies bioeconomic model to study
whether modifying the species selectivity properties of fishing gear could contribute to the rebuilding of
overexploited stocks. Those prospects are quite limited and uncertain. For example, their analysis
suggests that gear designs aimed at increasing the catch of under-exploited species can be
counterproductive and may inadvertently exacerbate the decline of over-exploited species. B. CostaPierce and J. Anderson assess policies to reduce adverse impacts of aquaculture development (CostaPierce 2002). They are particularly interested in the social and ecological impacts of introducing nonnative aquaculture stock (Anderson, In Press).
L
Does
aquaculture help to reduce pressure on the wild fisheries by contributing farmed seafood to meet
consumer demand? Although aquaculture of marine fish species has been increasing dramatically
around the world, its development in the U.S. has been hindered by insufficient knowledge of optimal
techniques for culture, by user conflicts in the coastal zone and by the levels of financial risk in capital
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
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investment. Globally, certain sectors of aquaculture are under considerable attack from
environmentalists because of potential impacts on the environment. Aquaculture that occurs in the
coastal zone itself is challenged to take an “ecological” approach to integrated aquaculture ecosystems,
which should enhance natural ecosystems, ecosystem services and the social fabric of coastal societies
(Costa-Pierce 2002). Another approach is to move aquaculture onto land in bio-secure, technologybased systems that could recycle seawater, use selectively bred or genetically modified organisms, and
treat wastes and effluents to minimize environmental impacts. J. Anderson and his colleagues model the
production economics for new species in land-based facilities (Zucker and Anderson 1999). Anderson
is currently evaluating how the growth of aquaculture is changing the management of fisheries and
international seafood trade (Anderson and King 2003, Anderson 2002), the competitiveness of
aquacultures relative to traditional fisheries and how aquaculture can be used to enhance wild fisheries
(Sylvia et al. 2000). CIIP scientists also address basic and applied questions about the biology and
economics of cultured fish, e.g., development (Schreiber and Specker 2000), nutrition (Specker et al. In
Press), disease (Gomez-Chiarri and Chiavenini 1999), physiology (Smith et al. 1999) and the
development of new species for aquaculture (Bengtson 1999). M. Rice and his students investigate
potentially beneficial roles of mollusks cultured in the ecosystem; for example, by filtering
phytoplankton and thereby reducing eutrophication problems (Rice 2001). C. Foster has examined
aesthetic objections made by the general populace to regional aquaculture development. J. Anderson, D.
Bengtson and B. Costa-Pierce are especially interested in whether or not economic incentives can be
developed to promote the more expensive but less polluting and more bio-secure land-based
aquaculture for fish culture. J. Swift works with politicians on mediation techniques while M. Moakley
puts state-level conflicts into a political context, both relevant since only an integrated approach with
both natural and social sciences can provide guidance to politicians and managers in this area. L.
Derbyshire focuses on communication strategies to engage marginalized or disenfranchised members of
a given community as well as on training in skills of cultural diversity and gender communication.
L
How
can we develop governance systems that succeed in managing fisheries resources in a biologically
and economically sustainable manner? A large contingent of URI researchers, notably J. Sutinen, T.
Hennessey, L. Juda and C. Anderson examine fisheries governance systems to identify the causes of
management failure (Sutinen and Upton 2000, Juda 2002). Applying methods of experimental
economics in the URI Policy Simulation Laboratory, they are developing a comprehensive model of
fisheries policy and are subjecting its hypotheses to extensive testing. Their goal is to produce a new
tool for political and economic application that will provide techniques for improving the design of
fishery management institutions. URI’s team of social scientists investigate a wide range of fisheries
management issues that integrate science into evaluations concerning the performance of social and
economic regulations; examine the principles and economic implications of financing fisheries
research, management and enforcement; and study the socioeconomics and governance of large marine
ecosystems (Sutinen 1999, Sutinen and Andersen 2003). H. Mederer examines the economic and social
impact of regulatory change on fishing fleets and fishing families. T. Dalton and G. Forrester study the
viability of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a means to achieve sustainable fisheries management
(Dalton 2004).
Section (C) d. Education and Training. The objective of the CIIP curriculum is to provide CIIP
Fellows: 1) advanced training in natural science, social science and policy integration; 2) directed training
in communication and ethics in scientific research and coastal resource management; 3) insight into
developing resource management-relevant scientific research; 4) practice in creating policy and planning
proposals around credible science; and 5) experience working in multidisciplinary teams outside the
bounds of their core discipline. While the capstone product for CIIP Fellows is a dissertation grounded in
traditional scientific or social science, the ultimate impact of our program will be the creation of a cadre
of leaders who can identify relevant problems, communicate them to diverse audiences (and to each
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other) and produce published scientific research and relevant policy that integrates the natural and social
sciences. Our educational model is based on the following premises:
Integration of science and policy is accomplished most effectively in a bottom-up, student-driven
setting wherein learning does not occur exclusively in a top-down classroom or lecture format. Thus,
movement from passive to active learning will be integrated throughout as a tool that is transportable
to a working life post-CIIP.
L Application of experiential learning in both science and governance venues is an effective way to
provide students with the opportunity to discover how each system works and expose them to the
mechanisms of integration. Focus on leadership will delineate an essential awareness between
individual responsibility and collaboration in these venues.
L Enrichment and expansion of the mentoring relationship between a Major Professor and graduate
student will occur through the education of faculty, as well as their graduate students, on the
integration of science, policy and their respective disciplinary communities.
L Inclusion of the humanities, especially philosophy and communication studies, will prepare and
encourage students to confront ethical issues while still establishing channels and modes of
communication within and among disciplines. Humanities Scholars participating in the CIIP will
serve as mentors for the interface of issues in ethics, human values and communication. To be most
effective, scientists and policy-makers must be able to communicate clearly with a diversity of
audiences. We will train our students to understand the differences in communication needs among
audiences and how to convey complex information in a manner that scientists, citizens, resource
managers, and decision-makers can comprehend.
L Application of technology such as WebCT, video conferencing, the CIIP web site and LISTSERV
lists will contribute to maintaining ongoing dialogue around issues in science, policy, ethics, human
values and communication throughout the CIIP curriculum.
L
Selection of CIIP Fellows - The CIIP will provide support for CIIP Fellows for 2 years early in their
academic training (first or second year of studies) when they are completing their Ph.D. coursework and
developing their dissertation research proposal. Over the 5-year IGERT project we will fund 26 different
students with CIIP Fellowships. The disciplines of CIIP Fellows will be balanced among the core themes
of natural science and social science dimensions of watershed and estuarine ecosystems, and fisheries
management. Application for CIIP support will be submitted by prospective CIIP Fellows with
endorsement of their Major Professor. The CIIP Council [see section (C) e] will evaluate applications
using the following criteria:
Research focus in watershed and estuarine systems, or fisheries management.
Demonstrated commitment to embracing an interdisciplinary (natural and social science)
perspective in their research.
L High research promise as evidenced by publications, presentations, course performance and
participation in programs or projects relevant to coastal ecosystem science and management.
L Commitment by the Major Professor to contribute to the CIIP pedagogy.
L Capacity to enhance the intellectual, gender and cultural diversity of the CIIP program.
L
L
IGERT funds will be used by CIIP research faculty to leverage additional research funding. Within the
URI system a number of grant-giving programs are presently available to fund research projects relevant
to the CIIP mission. The NOAA Sea Grant Program, the USDA Agricultural Experiment Station, the
North Atlantic Coast Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (National Park Service) and the NOAA
Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program provide over $1,000,000 in competitive grants each
year to support research in fisheries, ecosystems, water resource science and policy.
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CIIP Fellows will be drawn from the following participating academic departments at the University of
Rhode Island.
Academic Unit
Academic Focus
Department of Natural Resources
Science, College of the Environment and
Life Sciences (CELS)
Department of Plant Sciences, CELS
Department of Fisheries, Animal, and
Veterinary Science, CELS
Department of Geosciences, CELS
Department of Biological Sciences,
College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Resource Economics,
CELS
Department of Marine Affairs, CELS
Graduate School of Oceanography
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, College of Engineering
Department of Ocean Engineering,
College of Engineering
Department of Political Science,
College of Arts and Sciences
Watershed management, wetland ecology, conservation
biology, GIS, remote sensing, soil science, microbial
ecology
Agronomy, horticulture, entomology
Fisheries management, shellfish pathology, aquaculture
Groundwater pollution abatement, coastal
geomorphology, glacial geology, coastal hazards
Ecology, conservation, evolution, limnology
Fisheries economics, biodiversity conservation economics,
social values, tourism economics
Coastal zone management, marine policy, environmental
impact assessment
Coastal and marine science, biological, physical and
chemical oceanography
Watershed modeling, fluid dynamics, groundwater
dynamics
Sensors, instrumentation, underwater acoustics, coastal
and marine hydrologic modeling, oil spill tracking
International, national, regional and local coastal policy,
UNCLOS, NGO’s, public administration
We will fund 26 different students over the course of the 5-year CIIP program. The table below shows the
distribution of these students over the project.
CIIP Fellow
Cohort
1
1
2
3
4
Total
Students in
Program
At Each
Point of the
5-year
Cycle
Year of CIIP Program
3
4
5
2
6 Students
5 Students
5 Students
10 Students
6
11
10
15
10
Total Students
in Cohort
6
5
5
10
26
Total Students
Supported
The CIIP Curriculum - The learning portfolio that CIIP Fellows will experience in the 2-year program
consists of a mix of courses, seminars and experiential activities. The timetable for the curriculum is
summarized below.
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September
Y
e
a
r
Orientation
Learning
Goals
1
Y
e
a
r
Mentor first
year CIIP
Fellows
Speakers
2
Fall
Semester
Course
(3 cr):
Winter
Intersession
Course
(1 cr):
Spring
Semester
Course
(6 cr):
Multidisciplinary
Problem Solving
in Coastal
Ecosystems
Leadership and
Communication
in Coastal
Ecosystem
Science and
Management
White Papers on
Contemporary
Policy Issues in
Integrated
Coastal Science
May
Summer
Session
Course
(6 cr):
Colloquium
Field
Practicum
in Coastal
Science
Required courses
Select speakers
for course Problem Solving
in Coastal
Ecosystems
Internship in Coastal Ecosystem
Management
Dissertation Research Proposal Development
Y
e
a
r
s
Report on
work
accomplished
during
internship
- Conduct Research
- Attend CIIP lectures and Colloquia
- Compete for CIIP Grants-in-Aid
3-5
The CIIP curriculum is described below. Activities marked with an asterisk (*) will be open to the full
URI graduate and undergraduate community, thus expanding the audience of CIIP programming.
Student Year 1
Pre-Program
Assessment
In order to prepare a responsive learning agenda, we will conduct a pre-program
assessment of new CIIP Fellows to measure their familiarity with coastal science
and policy prior to orientation.
Lead Personnel: CIIP Council, J. Boulmetis, P. Nelson
Orientation
September
The CIIP Community will attend a daylong orientation workshop presented in the
first week of the Fall semester. The purpose of the orientation is threefold: to
introduce new Fellows to the different elements of the IGERT program, to meet
existing and past CIIP Fellows, and to focus the community on the power of
disciplines within the humanities to effect a continued exchange of information
between scientists and policy makers. Fellows will be introduced to issues in
ethics, human values and communication, familiarity with which may be
considered atypical of a Ph.D. in their field but which often play a major if
subtextual role in coastal ecosystem management.
Lead Personnel: CIIP Council
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Learning Goals,
Annual
Reflection, and
Review
Fall Semester
CIIP Fellows will prepare a written proposal of their learning goals following the
orientation workshop. The progress of CIIP Fellows will be reviewed against their
learning goals on an ongoing basis by the CIIP Council and our external
assessment program [section (C) f]. In reviewing student progress, the Council will
pay special attention to Fellow participation in CIIP activities, leadership and
integrative skills developed, contribution to the overall IGERT program and
progress in meeting their individual learning goals.
Lead Personnel: CIIP Council, J. Boulmetis, P. Nelson
EVS6xx1
3 credits
Multidisciplinary
Problem Solving
in Coastal
Ecosystems *
Fall Semester
(NEW IGERT
CLASS)
Developed specifically for the CIIP program, this course will consist of two
components: (1) weekly lectures (Thursdays) by URI faculty and visiting scholars
on integrated research/policy in estuarine, watershed and fisheries research, and
(2) weekly training and exercises (Tuesdays) in case studies of science and policy
in coastal management. Members of the CIIP Council will coordinate the lecture
component of the course in year one but during year two coordination of the
outside lecture component will be handed over to second-year CIIP Fellows. In the
Tuesday training and exercise component, URI faculty and CIIP Fellows will be
assigned to project teams mixing natural science and social science members and
will analyze (in class) a case study featuring a coastal resource management
problem. Humanities Scholars will facilitate the discussion and introduce specific
skills in framing issues, e.g., communication, integrating policy and science, and
working in multidisciplinary teams. We will be attentive to using traditional
sources of information (journals and books) as well as non-traditional
environmental science and policy information sources, e.g., Green Wire, Land
Letter, and Policy News Updates from the Ecological Society of America.
Lead Personnel: P. August, J. Swift, J. Opaluch, R. Burroughs, A. Gold, C. Foster
EVS6xx
1 credit
Leadership and
Communication
in Coastal
Ecosystem
Science and
Management
Winter
Intersession
(NEW IGERT
CLASS)
1
Each CIIP Fellow will participate in an intensive leadership and communication
course during the academic intersession (January). Humanities Scholars, working
with the URI John Hazen White Center for Ethics and Public Service and with the
URI organization for Professional Development, Leadership and Organizational
Training, will develop and implement the winter intersession Leadership course as
an intense immersion in ethics, human values and communication - an immersion
intended to prepare CIIP Fellows to take a leadership role in bridging science and
policy in coastal stewardship. Our external program assessment leader (P. Nelson)
is a professional consultant in communication and leadership training and will
participate in the intersession leadership course. In the first year of the program,
Humanities Scholars will facilitate discussion. In year two and subsequent years
CIIP Fellows will facilitate learning along with Humanities Scholars. Topics for
discussion will include:
Communication - learning techniques of leadership, persuasion, negotiation,
intercultural communication and the use of art and drama to convey
complex issues among scientists, and between scientists and nonscientists;
Ethics - examination of competing models for determining decision making
and right action, presented in the context of case studies from scientific
Course numbers will be assigned upon approval of our IGERT grant
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research, policy development and coastal governance;
Values - the role of culture, history, literature and aesthetics in understanding
variation in values among stakeholder groups, especially in light of how
these values drive policy, governance and the application of science in the
coastal zone.
Lead Personnel: J. Swift, C. Foster, L. Derbyshire, G. Knott
EVS6xx
6 credits
White Papers on
Contemporary
Policy Issues in
Integrated
Coastal Science
The CIIP Practitioner Scholars - program partners external to the university - will
identify questions or issues in coastal ecosystem policy. A pair of CIIP Fellows
(one social scientist and one natural scientist) will be assigned to the Practitioner
Scholar’s agency or organization and will research these questions over the
semester and prepare a position paper on the issue or issues. We will strive to
match student skills and research interests with the information needs of the
Practitioner Scholars. The Practitioner Scholars will meet with the Fellows on a
regular basis to monitor and direct their progress. The purpose of this assignment
is to:
Spring Semester
L
Expose
(NEW IGERT
CLASS)
the Fellows to the workings of regulatory agencies and legislative
government
L
Engage Fellows in science-based policy development and implementation
related to issues of practical concern in coastal ecosystem management
L
Provide the Fellows opportunity to work in multidisciplinary teams
L
Encourage Fellows to view the questions through a humanistic as well as
scientific lens
White Papers will be of direct value and application for the CIIP Practitioner
Scholars and will be both directed toward appropriate peer-reviewed journals and
distributed via the CIIP website to relevant NGOs, government agencies, citizen
groups and research forums. We will encourage Fellows to communicate their
White Paper results to the public through Op-Ed articles and "Letters to the Editor"
in print media.
Lead Personnel: J. Opaluch, R. Burroughs
CIIP Spring
Colloquium *
May
The CIIP Community, including past CIIP Fellows, Major Advisors and
Practitioner Scholars will meet for a full day at the end of the Spring Semester to
hear the results of the White Paper studies. Recipients of CIIP Grants-in-Aid will
provide short reports of the research they accomplished with IGERT funding. The
Colloquium will be an annual celebration of the CIIP program and serve to keep
past Fellows actively engaged in the initiative. It will also serve to integrate our
Practitioner Scholars with the academic component of the CIIP community.
Lead Personnel: CIIP Council
EVS6xx
6 credits
Field Practicum
All CIIP Fellows will participate in an intensive summer science practicum
specifically developed for the CIIP. The practicum will be administered during a
summer session term (approximately one month) and consist of a series of field
investigation units that emerge from our CIIP research themes. Students will learn
the array of investigative methods used in each research area. They will gain
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
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in Coastal
Science
insight into the nature and scale of data obtained, the analytical and interpretative
approaches applied to the data, the approaches used to describe uncertainty, and
finally, examples of how the research can inform policy makers.
Summer
(NEW IGERT
CLASS)
The summer practicum will include 6-8 different thematic units (e.g., fisheries
science, water quality monitoring, submerged habitat mapping, etc.). Faculty and
Practitioner Scholars will direct the first several units. The CIIP student Fellows
will each take leadership for planning the remaining units, based on their personal
area of research. Student Fellows will be mentored closely on this task by URI
faculty, CIIP Practitioner Scholars and Major Professors throughout their first
academic year and will have considerable time to prepare their summer science
practicum unit. One component of each unit will include hands-on participation in
a field or laboratory research exercise. We will also visit with a number of research
scientists at their research sites and explore the research approaches used to
address their hypothesis. Destinations will be selected from regional LTER sites
such as Hubbard Brook, the Plum Island Ecosystem and the Baltimore Urban
Ecosystem Study and from local venues of URI and Practitioner Scholar
researchers. Because many of the research venues are run by our non-academic
partner institutions (EPA, NOAA, National Park Service, US Fish & Wildlife
Service) students will learn of research and postdoctoral opportunities as well as
diverse applications of science and policy. During the latter portion of the course,
teams of students or individual students will present their initial dissertation ideas,
hypotheses and potential research methods to their peers as well as their Major
Professors for review and discussion.
Lead Personnel: C. Oviatt, A. Gold
Student Year
Two
Having engaged in a year-long analysis, study and observation of leadership skills,
second-year CIIP Fellows will now assume an active role in program delivery and
shared mentoring of first-year Fellows, which inaugurates an iterative pedagogical
cycle of learning and doing. In Year two CIIP Fellows will develop their research
proposals, complete their CIIP multidisciplinary course requirement (see below),
and perform an extended internship with a Practitioner Scholar.
Required
Courses
Sometime during their Ph.D. studies, all CIIP Fellows are required to take one
course in each of the following areas: 1) Social Dimensions of Coastal
Management, and 2) Coastal Ecosystem Science. A list of acceptable courses will
be prepared each year. The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that CIIP
Fellows have solid exposure to advanced topics in both the natural and social
sciences.
Problem Solving
in Coastal
Ecosystems *
Second-year CIIP Fellows will be responsible for the selection and coordination of
the speakers for the Fall class in Multidisciplinary Problem Solving in Coastal
Ecosystems designed for first-year CIIP Fellows. This will give the second-year
Fellows the opportunity to identify compelling issues in coastal science, policy and
management based on their experiences during the year one White Paper policy
course as well as during their summer science practicum. Second-year CIIP
Fellows will develop a roster of speakers who reflect disparate points of view on
these issues - speakers who might reflect opinions or research outside the academic
norm.
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Lead Personnel: Year-2 CIIP Fellows in consultation with CIIP Council
EVS6xx
12 credits
Internship in
Coastal
Ecosystem
Management
Spring &
Summer
Second-year CIIP Fellows will complete an Internship by working in a laboratory,
office or field research site of one of our non-academic partner institutions or our
Congressional representatives in Washington D.C. during their second spring
semester and summer. National-level interagency panels or programs in
Washington D.C., such as the National Invasive Species Council or the NSF/AIBS
NEON planning partnership, are other excellent venues for Fellow Internships. The
purpose of this component of the CIIP program is to fully engage the Fellows in
activities related to coastal science and management outside of the academic
environment.
At the close of this Internship and as they transition into their third year, CIIP
Fellows will report on the work accomplished during their internship at the
September Orientation. They will receive feedback from the full spectrum of the
CIIP community - CIIP Council, Major Professors, Scholar Practitioners, new and
continuing CIIP Fellows and Humanities Scholars. The multiple perspectives of
this group will provide seasoned CIIP Fellows with a public critique of their
progress in integrating science, policy, leadership and presentation skills and at the
same time will provide first and second year CIIP Fellows with insight as they
develop and continue to shape their learning goals.
Lead Personnel: P. August, R. Burroughs, J. Opaluch
Dissertation
Research
Proposal
Development
Spring &
Summer
CIIP Fellows will develop their dissertation research proposals during their second
year in the CIIP program. Their research will embody the interdisciplinary
principles of the CIIP program. CIIP Fellow alumni will present their dissertation
proposals in the Spring Colloquium, thereby continuing the exchange of
knowledge and discovery and to maintain a cohesive intellectual center for all
Fellows across the years.
Lead Personnel: Major Professors, CIIP Council
CIIP Fellow
Grants-in-Aid
Ongoing
A modest pool of funds will be made available on a competitive basis to CIIP
Fellow and alumni of the CIIP curriculum to support activities that will advance
their research in coastal systems. Fellows will be encouraged to seek funding for
travel to conferences, travel to learn new techniques in labs away from URI,
purchase small items of research supplies, cover page charges for journal
publications, etc. The purpose of this Grants-in-Aid program is to keep CIIP
Alumni Fellows engaged with the program and hone their skills in persuasive grant
writing.
Lead Personnel: CIIP Council
Program Integration
From the beginning the CIIP will seek Fellows and Major Professors who are committed to CIIP goals
and value integration of science, policy and resource management. As a strategy to continue and cultivate
that commitment, the CIIP Program has been designed so that the underlying philosophy of integration is
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
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reinforced at deliberate and designated intervals, thereby providing CIIP Fellows a rich suite of integrated
activities to educate them in research in coastal science and policy. The program also strives to keep past
CIIP Fellows and their Major Professors fully engaged in the CIIP pedagogy. Alumni of the CIIP
program will be invited to attend the Fall lectures in Coastal Science and interact with our visiting
scholars. The Spring Colloquium will be an annual celebration of the CIIP community and serve to keep
past Fellows engaged in the program. The Grants-in-Aid program will support research by past Fellows,
and represents another dimension of the program to keep students engaged in the CIIP pedagogy.
Graduate Educational Benefits
CIIP Fellows will be exposed to a range of career options beyond the more standard academic track. Both
the White Paper and Internship experiences will serve to create a strong relationship between Fellows and
institutions external to URI. Fellows will have opportunities to exercise the full complement of
communication, mediation, decision-making and leadership skills that they learn in the winter Leadership
course. Fellows will be challenged to weave a multiplicity of points of view from humanities perspectives
into the fabric of policy and scientific research, and to recognize ethical complexity as it arises in research
and governance contexts.
Because the academic culture at URI respects positions of coastal science and policy practice as desirable
employment goals, there will be strong support for the exposure of CIIP Fellows to a variety of nonacademic career opportunities through the White Paper and Internship experiences. URI has a notable
record of placing our advanced graduate students in positions of leadership in public and private agencies
involved in coastal science and management. Examples of positions occupied by recent URI alumni
include: Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, NOAA; Director of the NOAA Coastal
Services Center; Policy Analyst for NOAA's Domestic Fisheries Division of the Office of Sustainable
Fisheries; Division Chief for NOAA's Habitat Division; Director of Government Affairs at the Coastal
States Organization; Switzer Foundation Research Fellow at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution;
Executive Director of the Pew Oceans Commission; Chief of the US Coast Guard Environmental
Standards Division; and Manager of the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Mississippi.
Almost every element of the CIIP program is designed to engage partner institutions in the CIIP
pedagogy. We see this as an important component of the program because collaborative work by CIIP
Fellows with Practitioner Scholars will expose our Ph.D. students to a diversity of career opportunities
outside the academic setting. In turn, the CIIP program will provide significant value to our Partners
through CIIP Fellow research in White Paper and Internship programs and, eventually, produce a cadre of
highly employable professionals who bring a unique skill set to bear on issues surrounding coastal
management and related public policy. Our current roster of partner institutions that will host CIIP interns
and provide White Paper instruction includes:
NOAA RI Sea Grant College Program, Dr. Barry Costa-Pierce
Narragansett Bay Estuary Program, Mr. Richard Ribb and Dr. Christopher Deacutis
Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Dr. David Gregg and Dr. Keith Killingbeck
National Park Service, Dr. Mary Foley
United States Geological Survey Biological Resources Division, Dr. Howard Ginsberg
Atlantic Ecology Division Environmental Protection Agency, Dr. Jonathan Garber & Mr. Norman
Rubinstein
New England Region, Environmental Protection Agency, Ms. Margherita Pryor
Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit, Dr. Charles Roman
NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Dr. Ken Sherman
United States Senate, Senator Lincoln Chafee and Senator Jack Reed
RI Senate Policy Office, Mr. Ken Payne
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RI House of Representatives Policy Office, Dr. Sandra Whitehouse
U.S. Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Ms. Denise Crimmins, Dr. Theresa Baus
RI Department of Environmental Management, Mr. Fred Vincent
RI Rivers, Bays and Watersheds Coordination Team, former Governor J. Joseph Garrahy
Applied Science Associates, Dr. Deborah French-McKay
Changing the Culture of Education in Coastal Science and Policy
As a result of the new courses and experiential opportunities that will be created by the CIIP, the teaching
of coastal science and policy at the University of Rhode Island will undergo profound change both within
and beyond the 5 years of IGERT funding. As evidenced by past and current practice, as well the
conscious engagement of URI faculty in CIIP programming, we are striving to create a permanent culture
change that fosters cooperative learning partnerships in coastal science and policy that are informed and
enriched by the perspectives of the humanities. Also, as evidenced by the number of activities in our
curriculum that are designed to keep past CIIP Fellows engaged in the initiative and to celebrate current
CIIP intellectual achievements, we want to create a long-lasting community of CIIP students and faculty.
We are confident that we can be successful because: (1) prestigious NSF IGERT support and successfully
surviving the peer approval process (competitive review of IGERT proposals) is an unambiguous
demonstration of the intellectual legitimacy of our goals; and (2) the faculty we have engaged are
regarded as the research leaders at the University of Rhode Island, and by their participation in the CIIP
we are sending a clear message to the academic community and our non-academic partners that
interdisciplinary integration of science and policy is important, legitimate and challenging.
The CIIP program offers an exciting and unique pedagogy that takes root in URI’s multivalent strength as
a research institution and will eventually grow into a practical resource for innovative scientific and social
solutions to coastal zone problems. Between both ends of this spectrum we have developed a series of
carefully-orchestrated, student-centered experiences that draw on the most cutting edge empirical findings
about individual styles of academic mastery, collaborative learning exercises, alternative modes of
assessment and curricular flexibility in relation to actual student progress. The CIIP Curriculum has been
designed by a team of experts that includes several winners of the URI Foundation Awards for Teaching
Excellence, Scholarly Excellence and Administrative Excellence, given once annually to individuals on
campus. In addition, a number of CIIP Faculty participate in URI’s Instructional Development Program,
where faculty examine the latest scholarship on teaching techniques before engaging in peer-instruction to
raise the overall standard of teaching on campus. Associate Dean of the Graduate School L. Pasquerella, a
philosopher, is one of these winners and is currently running a faculty workshop on research ethics. This
is an example of pedagogical innovation that will be adapted for use with CIIP Fellows during the winter
intersession, where scientists and social scientists consider humanistic approaches to problem solving.
The CIIP draws on the research depth, pedagogical ingenuity and administrative acumen of URI faculty
and staff while extending the reach of traditional doctoral studies beyond the walls of the university. The
extension of the traditional mission is bolstered by URI’s extensive network of cooperative partners in
Rhode Island and Washington D.C., from which we draw our CIIP Practitioner Scholars. In all the CIIP
offers the most talented and committed young researchers in coastal science and management a truly
unique program of study. Here are four of the most salient features of the CIIP educational program.
Cross-pollination - URI is a Land, Sea and Urban Grant institution. The combination of these three
commitments has positioned us to attract and evolve faculty who think in cross-, multi- and
interdisciplinary ways. Thus in the Coastal Institute Building on campus it is not unusual to find a
marine historian partnering with an expert in GIS in developing an underwater archaeology site plan,
a philosopher working with resource economists on land use policy or a psychologist helping policy
analysts to function more effectively as leaders. Moreover, what we assert to be particularly unusual
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
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among the CIIP faculty is the extent to which cross-pollination has been internalized at an individual
level as researchers think and work across disciplines. This mode of working will be modeled for
students in the CIIP, while opportunities for students themselves to explore similarly original
partnerships and projects will be provided through programming during the winter intersession
Leadership course, summer science practicum and organization of the fall semester course
Multidisciplinary Problem Solving in Coastal Ecosystems.
The summer science practicum, in particular, will include conscious “stopovers,” i.e., times when the
science CIIP Fellows and the policy CIIP Fellows pause to discuss how they have viewed what they
have observed in each of the topical themes. A policy person may see a landscape with legal
boundaries, a mix of socioeconomic classes, a people’s history or a tourism infusion, while a scientist
may see a coastal zone, invasive species and eutrophication. Using directed, small group discussion as
a vehicle for revealing different lenses of bias, CIIP faculty will design stopover sessions carefully to
create a balance of perspectives as Fellows discover how to place their own points of view within a
context beyond that of their academic disciplines. This will reinforce the model of T competent
pedagogy with vertical disciplinary depth and horizontal multidisciplinary breadth.
Pedagogical Inversion - The CIIP curriculum includes methodological inversion of the conventional
pedagogy that students would normally encounter during their doctoral education. We upend the
usual order of academic mastery that privileges theory and content over application and practice. In
the second semester of their studies CIIP Fellows will engage in real-time case study - participating in
the actual work of agencies and organizations wrestling with coastal problem solving - through
placement in the course White Papers on Contemporary Policy Issues in Integrated Coastal Science.
The CIIP program frontloads applied real world issues thereby exposing CIIP Fellows to the
uncertainties at work in science or public policy. By frontloading their curriculum with observations,
intersections and enforced rumination, we infiltrate their thinking with a multiplicity of points of view
early in their studies as they prepare their dissertation research proposals.
Extended Scientific and Policy Literacy - Foremost among those values that drive the CIIP is this: that
Fellows avoid creating science to be left at the doorstep of others to do with as they will, others who
possess neither the capacity nor the desire to understand, frame or apply scientific information
efficaciously. The CIIP is designed to help scientists anticipate potential policy applications of their
work and to provide social scientists with a working knowledge of the science relevant to realistic
policy development. Towards this end CIIP Fellows take extensive field trips to scientific field sites
and are placed in Internships with government agencies, NGOs and research facilities during their
second year. However, the CIIP also takes direct steps to foster the acquisition of a vocabulary that
reflects the realm of human value that is operative beneath and beyond science and policy. Broad
social agendas often govern the use to which science is put in public life as well as the extent to
which adoption of policy depends on factors outside good science. Disciplines in the humanities have
developed tools to identify the influence of ethical, aesthetic, historical, multi- and cross-cultural
considerations on decision-making. These considerations sometimes remain under the radar screen of
academic awareness while nevertheless exerting real influence on the politics of science and policy.
Through the winter intersession course and in public presentation of their individual case studies and
research, CIIP Fellows will master the communication skills necessary to navigate the tangle of realworld considerations that often drive public decision-making and the leadership skills to bring science
to bear on policy in an informed, responsible manner.
Quality Placements - Internships are not particularly unique as a form of educating nascent researchers
about the practical applications of their work. Even so, the manner by which CIIP places Fellows
does indeed provide singular opportunities for in-depth exposure to ways of thinking and acting that
may prove startling for students who are otherwise accustomed to undertaking work in a laboratory or
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library. In fact, the CIIP Council intends to make placements that deliberately provide exposure to
analytical and operational methods that contrast with the intellectual comfort zone of the individual
CIIP Fellow. For example, we might send a CIIP Fellow from the Environmental Economics
department out on the Narragansett Bay to work with a habitat restoration team while they test a new
mechanical seeding device. A Fellow from the Department of Natural Resources Science could be
sent to work in Senator Lincoln Chafee’s Washington, D.C. office to monitor the process by which
coastal zone habitat restoration achieves federal funding. The restoration experience could turn out to
be motivated as much by tourism as by science - i.e., the long-term demand for clean beaches - while
the process of funding coastal zone habitat restoration might appear to seem more like horse-trading
than rational policy based on science. In other words, the CIIP will challenge paradigms handed down
through traditional academic disciplines by placing Fellows in positions that widen the aperture of
their thinking through immersion in different approaches to problem solving. By the time CIIP
Fellows are engaged in the Internship, they will also be bringing real value to the table while
discovering ways in which to identify and address the challenges external - but complementary - to
their Ph.D. discipline. Furthermore, the presence of CIIP Fellows in a wide array of agencies will
introduce our CIIP partners to this new breed of integrative thinkers.
Our Challenges
Conscious of points made by reviewers of our previous proposals to IGERT, we acknowledge this as a
full schedule for CIIP Fellows and an ambitious project overall. We are sensitive to striking a balance
between a rich CIIP pedagogy and the traditional research agenda of the Ph.D. student. We have
integrated, formalized and codified the various training elements of our curriculum as suggested by the
2003 IGERT review panel. To help us to gauge workload, the following will be relevant.
CIIP program activities will be limited to a 20-hour per week commitment during the academic year,
the standard allotment for graduate student assistantships at URI. Student commitment to the CIIP
program will be greater during the summer and intersession when commitments to coursework are
lighter.
L Mentoring and managing the CIIP Fellows will be a significant endeavor. The proposal PIs will serve
as the front-line management team: J. Swift and C. Foster will coordinate the intersession leadership
course; A. Gold and C. Oviatt will manage the summer field practicum; R. Burroughs, J. Opaluch. J.
Swift, P. August, and C. Foster will coordinate the Fall seminar. P. August will serve as liaison
between the CIIP program and Practitioner Scholars. However, the entire team of CIIP participants is
dedicated to engagement in ongoing CIIP activities.
L
Section (C) e. Organization, Management, and Institutional Commitment
Administration: The CIIP will be administered by the Coastal Institute (CI) at the University of Rhode
Island, a program under the Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs of the University. Peter
August, the Director of the CI and PI of this proposal, will serve as the senior CIIP administrator and
point of contact, manage the CIIP budget, carry out project reporting, and represent the CIIP at NSF
functions. The Coastal Institute is already engaged in interdisciplinary, multi-institutional coastal
science and policy in a number of ways. The CI administers the Rhode Island Environmental
Monitoring Collaborative which reports annually on the monitoring needs and trends for Narragansett
Bay and watershed to the Governor and General Assembly. The Coastal Institute also administers the
Rhode Island Rivers, Bays, and Watersheds Coordination Team - a meta-institution of state agencies
charged with developing a sustainable management plan for Narragansett Bay, coastal Rhode Island,
and associated watersheds.
The CIIP Council will oversee project content and implementation, resource allocation, admit new CIIP
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Fellows, conduct CIIP Fellow annual reviews, perform internal assessment of the CIIP, develop
internship opportunities for CIIP Fellows, work to enhance the gender and cultural diversity of CIIP
Fellows, and leverage new funds to support the CIIP. The membership of the CIIP Council is given in
section "(C) b." of the proposal.
Institutional Commitment - We have received exceptional levels of support for the Coastal Institute
IGERT Project from a variety of programs within and outside of URI. Within URI we will be working
closely with the following organizations.
L
Federal/Academic
Research Partnership Programs at URI - for example, the Sea Grant College Program
(NOAA), the Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service (USDA), and the
Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit (CESU) - provide significant levels of funding for CIIP research
themes.
L
The Graduate School of Oceanography currently provides 2-3 graduate assistantships to study
environmental monitoring of the Narragansett Bay ecosystem.
L
The Policy Simulation Lab is the venue for CIIP research and training in stakeholder response to public
policy.
L
The URI Marine Ecosystem Research Lab (MERL) - a system of large outdoor seawater enclosures that
simulate coastal ecosystems - will host CIIP research and instruction.
L
The URI Environmental Data Center and the Laboratory for Remote Sensing - the University's Centers
for GIS and remote sensing applications in environmental management and conservation - will be
venues for instruction during the summer science practicum.
L
The John Hazen White Center for Ethics and Public Service will work with the CIIP to integrate the
humanities with science and policy issues of coastal ecosystem management.
L
The URI Honors Program, through its membership in the National Association of Fellowship Advisors
(NAFA), will assist the CIIP in recruitment to URI of outstanding and diverse students.
Section (C) f. Performance Assessment
The fundamental goals of the CIIP program are to: 1) to create a generation of Ph.D.-level scholars who
are sensitive to the policy implications of their research and are able to incorporate natural and social
science into policy development, and 2) to establish a culture of interdisciplinary communication and
collaboration among natural scientists, social scientists and policy-makers. We have adopted a multitiered assessment strategy to determine if these goals are being realized.
Student Assessment - All CIIP Fellows will participate in a process of goal setting during the Orientation
Session at the beginning of the IGERT experience. They will be mentored by the CIIP Council and two
professional assessment specialists in this process. J. Boulmetis, a URI education professor is the resident
expert in program assessment. P. Nelson from Working InConcert Inc., our external review leader, will
instruct the new CIIP fellows on setting short-term and long-term learning goals ("Outcome Journals").
New Fellows will also be given a pre-CIIP Program interview to assess their familiarity with
interdisciplinary approaches to coastal ecosystem science and policy. CIIP Fellow learning goals will be
treated as dynamic documents to be reconciled by an ongoing comparison of progress with learning goals
at various points throughout the program, including targeted sessions during the winter Leadership course
and the Spring Colloquium. Assessment of student progress will be made by our internal and external
assessment programs.
Internal Program Assessment - Internal assessment will be conducted by the CIIP Council. The CIIP
Council will review annually the progress of CIIP Fellows being funded at that time to monitor their
participation in program activities and to gauge the effect these activities have on the identification and
achievement of learning goals. Past CIIP Fellows will be continually monitored by our external review
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
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process to determine how their research was enhanced or expanded by the CIIP. Monitoring is also
intended to determine if programmatic adjustments are needed to enhance the effectiveness of the CIIP
pedagogy. The Council will report back to each active Fellow before the beginning of their second
IGERT year. This assessment report will reinforce positive achievements students have made and provide
suggestions on how to improve their leadership, communication and problem-solving skills.
At the end of the two-year CIIP curriculum, each CIIP Fellow and his or her Major Professor will be
asked to provide an overall assessment of the CIIP pedagogy. The assessment will include a critical
review of all CIIP program activities and comment on the strengths and weaknesses of each. Once again,
through modeling the framework of adaptive management CIIP Fellows and their advisors will be among
the important architects of the program. We will conduct a post-project interview of each CIIP graduate to
assess their familiarity with issues in coastal science and policy following the 2-year CIIP curriculum.
All CIIP Practitioner Scholars who hosted students for White Paper or Internship activities will be asked
to report on student performance and value to the practitioner. Reciprocally, students will be asked to
evaluate the guidance they received from practitioner hosts. Feedback will direct future CIIP Fellows to
Practitioners who have a record of effective mentoring.
An important monitoring event will occur in August at the end of our second IGERT year. We will
convene a daylong retreat consisting of the first cohort of CIIP Fellows, the CIIP Council, Directors of
two other IGERT sites with similar programmatic themes (e.g., UCSD's marine biodiversity and
conservation, or U. Idaho's program in ecosystem management), the external assessment coordinator P.
Nelson (see below), internal assessment specialist J. Boulmetis and a representative from the URI NSFADVANCE program. The purpose of the retreat is to review the CIIP program with the first cohort of
Fellows and to identify any programmatic changes that might be made for years three through five of the
program. Included in this benchmark assessment will be evaluation of our ability to attract and retain
students of diversity. The external IGERT Directors will be asked to provide recommendations on
strengthening the CIIP and share with us aspects of their IGERT programs that have been especially
successful and that we might incorporate into the CIIP.
External Program Assessment - The nationally respected consulting firm of Working InConcert,
represented by founding partner Mr. Page Nelson, will conduct our external program assessment.
Working InConcert has extensive experience in evaluating and facilitating communication, collaboration
and leadership practices within numerous organizations and networks, with a special interest and
capability in coastal, ocean and watershed organizations and university partners. The firm specializes in
helping to develop “learning organizations” that encourage individual and group growth and learning,
open dialogue and team learning, systems thinking and awareness, and innovative thinking and problem
solving.
Working InConcert also has considerable experience in evaluating and implementing program
effectiveness for coastal environmental institutions. Current or recent clients of Working InConcert
include the California Sea Grant College Program, California Coastal Conservancy, Rhode Island Sea
Grant College Program, National Aquarium in Baltimore and the Trust for Public Land. Working
InConcert will use Outcome Mapping methodologies - developed by Canada’s International Development
Research Centre (Earle et al. 2001) - to monitor CIIP effectiveness. Outcome Mapping measures
qualitative and quantitative changes in both institutional and individual behaviors. Such behavior changes
have been identified as what lead to long-term program impacts.
Outcome Mapping is a planning and evaluation framework that was developed as a practical and rigorous
method for setting goals for optimal impacts and adaptive learning, and then measuring progress in
achieving those goals, particularly as it pertains to changes in behavior of program participants (“practice
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change”). It tracks in both a qualitative and quantitative manner the abilities of program participants to
access new resources, ideas, learning opportunities, or basic information over a certain period of time.
Outcome Mapping methodologies include specific steps for setting goals and objectives (establishing
“outcome challenges”), measuring progress towards those objectives at set intervals of time (identifying
“progress markers” and measuring performance against these markers), monitoring interim outcomes and
evaluating final outcomes. Working InConcert will play a significant role in mentoring students on
establishing their individual CIIP learning goals.
The first stage of Outcome Mapping sets forth intentional program design (goal setting). We plan to
involve both external and internal evaluators from the very first, or “goal-setting stages” of the CIIP
program. The next stages, which include monitoring and evaluating progress toward desired outcomes,
then feed back to program design using an adaptive management approach that fosters organizational
learning. For example, the progress markers in Outcome Mapping illuminate the depth and complexity of
change being sought. The “expect to see” category is the early response to the program’s basic activities.
This proceeds to what we would “like to see” happening, then to the ultimate “love to see” category if the
program is having a profound influence. This is the way a program can track what has been accomplished
while being reminded of what still needs to be achieved.
Data will be collected through the participation of the external assessment team in CIIP’s annual
Evaluation and Orientation Sessions (September), winter Leadership course (January), spring Colloquium
(May), and special forums such as the daylong evaluation retreat at the end of the second year.
Monitoring and assessment activities will include:
L
Assisting each CIIP Fellow to create and update the individual “dynamic documents” referred to at
the beginning of this section (“Outcome Journals” which describe individual learning goals and
benchmarks and then chart the student’s progress towards these goals).
L
Monitoring student progress at these points in the program by:
Reviewing her or his written body of work and Outcome Journal.
Meeting annually with each student, their Major Professor and the CIIP Council to discuss
student goals and progress.
Participating with the students in targeted activities (e.g., Leadership course)
L
As part of the September visit, Working InConcert will provide an annual program assessment review
and make recommendations for program adjustment to the CIIP Council. This review will include an
evaluation of CIIP progress in achieving “outcome challenges” (goals) that the program and its
participants have set for themselves.
Working InConcert’s evaluation will occur at three levels - CIIP student progress, changes induced by the
CIIP within participating URI faculty, and CIIP-induced institutional changes within URI - using the
Outcome Mapping methodology.
Examples of traditional and outcome mapping-based assessment metrics that internal and external
evaluators will use to monitor and assess the effectiveness of the CIIP program.
Examples of CIIP
Goals
Integrate science and
policy in student
research and career
Examples of Traditional
Assessment Metrics
Do CIIP Fellow dissertation
proposals contain an
interdisciplinary element that
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Examples of Outcome Mapping
Progress Markers
Are CIIP Faculty expanding the traditional
mentoring that occurs between student and
Major Professor with trans-disciplinary
Page 22
goals
embodies science and policy?
learning, dialogue, interaction and
partnering?
Have Fellows altered their research and
career goals because of insights learned
from the CIIP?
Foster student
leadership and
scholarship in
coastal science and
policy
How many and what kinds of
publications (journal, popular press,
op-ed articles) and presentations
have students made resulting from
CIIP activities?
Do CIIP Fellows integrate the multiple
issues of humanistic inquiry–true
interdisciplinary environmental
scholarship–into the evolving areas of
coastal research?
Foster a
collaborative,
interdisciplinary
network among URI
faculty
How many grant proposals or
publications have been produced by
faculty alliances developed in CIIP
program?
Are CIIP Faculty sharing lessons and
experiences with the URI community and
other communities nationally and
internationally to become a coastal
learning community and to encourage
others?
Demonstrate the
intellectual
credibility of
interdisciplinary
coastal sciences and
policymaking
How well attended are CIIP program
activities that are open to the larger
community of scholars at URI and
nearby coastal science and policy
practitioners?
Do CIIP Fellows participate in regular
marine and coastal resource meetings that
bring together the users of the resource to
discuss problems and solutions?
Enhance the
diversity of
participants in
coastal science and
policy at URI
How many students of diverse ethnic
and cultural origins have been
supported by and participate in CIIP
programming?
Have gender relationships, economic and
social equity and other urgent social issues
become incorporated into the CIIP
Fellows analyses of coastal environmental
problems?
Section (C) g. Recruitment, Mentoring, and Retention
Recruitment - We will implement two programs to increase diversity among CIIP Fellows. Our activities
will: 1) proactively work to increase the number of students of diversity coming to URI for graduate
education in coastal management and 2) aggressively target qualified students of diversity already at URI
for CIIP support. We will partner in the administration of our recruitment program with the NSF-funded
ADVANCE (advancing opportunities for women in STEM areas, i.e., science, technology, engineering
and mathematics) program already in place at URI, as well as with the NSF IGERT INRP program, the
National Association of Fellowship Advisers (NAFA) and CIIP faculty. We will immediately carry out
the activities recommended in the IGERT program recruitment strategies document (on the IGERT INRP
web site), with particular emphasis on fostering the working partnerships for IGERT recruitment that we
have already established with area-related scholarship foundations and civic groups devoted to
advancement for women and minorities.
Dr. Cheryl Foster of the CIIP Council is a Director of the National Association of Fellowship Advisors
(NAFA) and has the professional resources to target precisely the groups the CIIP intends to attract in
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making diversity a genuine part of its program and pedagogy. In particular, we are able to draw on that
organization’s considerable resources to make direct contact with academically talented minority students
and women across the country as well as with the professionals who advise them at both the graduate and
undergraduate levels. Avenues of contact include leadership conferences of environmental scholarship
winners, national meetings of minority student scholarship recipients and mailing lists of potential
minority candidates as provided by related foundations such as the Goldwater Scholarship Foundation
(natural science), the Morris K. Udall Foundation (environmental science and management; Native
American tribal policy) and the Gates Millennium Scholarship Program (academically talented minority
undergraduates). For example, Mary Williams at the Gates Millennium Scholarship Program, Melissa
Millage at the Morris K. Udall Foundation and Louis Blair at the Harry S. Truman Foundation (public
service leadership) have already committed to helping us target appropriate minority and female
candidates for the CIIP program at their annual leadership meetings. Other programs such as the Soros
Scholarship organization, the McNair Fellows in Undergraduate Research Program and the Woodrow
Wilson Foundation offer concrete avenues for long-term recruitment.
We will also publicize IGERT directly to talent development and academic opportunity programs for
underrepresented or marginalized students at other institutions. URI has a well-established Talent
Development Program of its own. Through URI-TD we are able to reach similar groups through
professional associations of which URI is a member. In addition, through our campus NAACP Chapter
we can run information sessions on IGERT programming and opportunities for interested graduate and
undergraduate students in the New England region. Indeed, our campus chapter has expressed enthusiasm
for assisting us in this student-driven recruitment strategy (including reaching out to potential candidates
at HBCU and MSI institutions). In sum, to reach off-campus students we will utilize presentations at
leadership and minority student academic fairs, targeted mailings of minority student fellowship winners
in relevant areas, personal contact with potential candidates through executive staff at foundations serving
minority students who are high academic achievers, contact at professional meetings of talent
development associations, web resources related to coastal science and management and LISTSERV
announcements to the hundreds of professionals nationwide who administer scholarship opportunity
programs for academically talented graduate and undergraduate students.
Finally, The Coastal Institute will dedicate non-NSF funds to support visits of promising candidates to
campus. This will complement the concurrent URI representation at academic fairs targeting minority and
female students which URI Vice Provost for Research, Graduate Education and Outreach Janett Trubatch
and Graduate School Associate Dean Lynn Pasquerella already attend.
Mentoring and Retention - While the URI Coastal Institute and the CIIP Council will provide program
oversight and guidance for each Fellow, the Major Professor will retain a pivotal role in guiding Fellows
through the CIIP program and supervising their dissertation research. Even so, the CIIP pedagogy
includes opportunities for students to be mentored by myriad individuals (Practitioner Scholars,
Humanities Scholars) including previous CIIP Fellows during the later years of the program. In addition,
second year and advanced Fellows will mentor and guide novice CIIP Fellows during the Fall
multidisciplinary problem solving course and the intersession leadership course.
Current research has shown that solid mentoring leads to retention and success of students, a factor which
is undeniably both a humanistic and an economic concern. However, given the CIIP’s commitment to
diversity of perspective we must expand traditional mentoring activities to include specific focus on
intercultural and gender considerations. URI is particularly well-poised to meet an expanded set of
mentoring activities because of programs that are already in place. Firstly, URI maintains the only
freestanding Multicultural Center at a New England institution of public education. Through this center
the university sponsors a wide range of practical and academic programs, e.g., Diversity Week, which
both celebrates and informs the community about multiple perspectives; Unity Weekend, which brings
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together student campus leaders of all varieties to explore challenges of leadership in university settings;
and the semi-annual convening of multicultural graduate students to introduce them to the range of
support services affecting both their professional and personal lives. Second, URI’s Office of the Provost
sponsors an ongoing series of “Women in Science” luncheons featuring a speaker who presents her
research and provides an additional opportunity for the development of a support network (these events
are also open to male faculty and administrators). Third, URI NSF ADVANCE engages in three crucial
endeavors to mentor and support female faculty in the STEM areas: mentoring by an established female
peer; financial support for research; and ongoing seminars on topics ranging from grant writing to family
and professional integration. ADVANCE support of faculty filters down to students as these female
ADVANCE Fellows function as role models for successful female students in science.
All of these efforts contribute to a climate that is both welcoming and supportive of women and
minorities on the URI campus. Beyond the cited proactive commitments, the CIIP Council is
unanimously persuaded that a lack of diversity of perspective among the CIIP Fellows will lessen the
impact and quality of the overall program. For this reason we are equally dedicated to raising issues of
diversity within the CIIP Curriculum and sensitizing CIIP Fellows to the recognition of diverse
perspectives. Such perspectives remain fundamental to leadership, communication and the development
of credible public policy in response to issues of coastal management.
Section (C) h. Recent Traineeship Experience
The PIs have not received prior support from NSF specifically for graduate traineeship projects. URI,
however, successfully hosts a large NSF-funded graduate education program in the marine and
environmental sciences. The Rhode Island Marine and Environmental Sciences Graduate Teaching
Fellows Program in GK-12 (Dr. Gail Scowcroft PI, URI Office of Marine Programs) has supported 56
different M.S. and Ph.D. students over the past five years. Dr. Scowcroft is on her second funding cycle
($1.5 M) for this program. The goals of the program are similar to those of the CIIP - to broaden the
intellectual breadth of our graduate students on coastal environmental science. The specific goals of the
GK-12 program are:
Enrich the quality of students' lives by improving their science literacy and motivating them with
knowledge of global concerns.
L Create citizens who are able to make informed, responsible decisions about their lifestyles and the
policies that will affect them.
L Introduce GK-12 Fellows and Mentor Teachers to a wide range of innovative pedagogy.
L Train the GK-12 Fellows, Mentor Teachers, and their Colleagues to translate their content
knowledge into inquiry based activities for students.
L Empower teachers to become confident in conducting inquiry activities and taking groups of
students out into the field independently.
L
The CIIP shares many of the pedagogical instruments and values of the successful URI GK-12 program.
The two programs differ in long-term goals; GK-12 will enhance the quality of science education in the
GK-12 arena, whereas the CIIP will create a generation of researchers and coastal ecosystem management
practitioners who are able to integrate science and policy.
Section (C) i. International Collaboration
We do not intend to have a dedicated International component to our IGERT program, although
international research by CIIP participants will certainly inform the CIIP perspective.
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Page 25
Section (C) j. Recruitment and Retention History
The Coastal Institute IGERT Program is a University-wide curriculum. Participating students and faculty
will be drawn primarily from the College of the Environment and Life Sciences (CELS), the Graduate
School of Oceanography (GSO) and the College of Arts and Sciences (A&S). Policy and Governance
students will be drawn from the Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics and the
Department of Marine Affairs. Coastal science students will be drawn from GSO, the Department of
Biology in A&S, and the Departments of Natural Resources Science, Plant Sciences, Geosciences and
Fisheries and Aquaculture in CELS. Humanities Scholars will be faculty participating from the
Departments of Communication Studies, History, Political Science and Philosophy in A&S. As evidenced
in the statistics, URI has a rich diversity of academic programs that will comprise the CIIP Community.
The following tables represent the best data URI currently has available on the composition of its
graduate programs. We provide our statistics on a Department or Program basis when possible. For most
metrics, College summaries are the best available.
Number of Ph.D. Degrees Conferred by Academic Year and Average Time to Completion
(in months) by College
College
Arts & Sciences
Business
Engineering
Human Science & Services
Oceanography
Environment & Life Sciences
2001
2002
2003
Degrees Months Degrees Months Degrees Months
28
80.9
33
65.7
21
79.4
6
66.8
9
65.3
6
72.7
10
53.7
10
48.1
13
78.1
4
66.5
5
78.4
4
88.8
9
64.4
4
108.3
9
78.6
7
65.6
9
52.3
11
78.5
Notes:
1. Because our semesters span varying periods of time, we provide our time to completion
statistics in months rather than semesters. Fall term is 4 months, Spring term as 5 month, and
Summer as 3 months.
2. Time to degree is computed from the start of the first term to the end of the conferral term.
Enrollment Headcount in Graduate Degree Programs
Fall 2003 Semester Registered Students by College
Masters Programs
Doctoral Programs
PartFull- PartCollege
Full-time time Total time
time Total
4
Arts & Sciences
174
284
458
155
65
220
Business
71
160
231
15
13
28
Engineering
61
44
105
31
27
58
Human Science & Services
181
138
319
1
39
40
Oceanography
24
5
29
43
16
59
Environment & Life Sciences
124
99
223
56
19
75
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Page 26
Notes:
1. Headcounts as of October 13, 2003
2. Full-time students are registered for 9 or more credits.
3. Part-time students may have continuous registration status (0 credits) while
doing research/thesis work.
4. Arts & Sciences includes 208 MLS students (50 full-time, 165 part-time) in
Library & Information Studies.
Ph.D. Enrollments (# of Students) in Departments or Programs Contributing
to CIIP
Department/Program
Oceanography
Environmental Science
Environmental and Natural
Resource Economics
Biological Science
Marine Affairs
2001
57
28
20
2002
56
17
21
2003
59
23
22
18
8
14
6
14
6
Admission Statistics by College
GSO
102
57
55
101
57
55
80
50
59
1
College
CELS2
167
136
81
170
142
84
195
165
85
A&S3
117
93
79
160
107
67
177
122
69
Number of Applicants 2001
Number Accepted 2001
Acceptance Rate 2001 (%)
Number of Applicants 2002
Number Accepted 2002
Acceptance Rate 2002 (%)
Number of Applicants 2003
Number Accepted 2003
Acceptance Rate 2003 (%)
Notes:
1. GSO = Graduate School of Oceanography
2. CELS = College of the Environment and Life Sciences
3. A&S = College of Arts & Sciences
Depts of Math, Stats, Applied Math, Chemistry, Physics, Bio, Computer Science
Diversity Statistics for all URI
Ph.D. Students
# PhD Caucasian
# PhD African American
# PhD Hispanic
# PhD Native American
# PhD Asian/Pacific Islander
# PhD International
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
2001
321
18
17
3
7
150
2002
312
18
15
2
8
148
2003
294
13
8
2
15
138
Page 27
# PhD Unknown
30
32
26
# PhD Women
# PhD Men
296
250
287
248
263
233
Diversity Statistics for Focal
Departments in CIIP
GSO*
MAF
ENRE
NRS
PLS
BIO
Total Ph.D.s Graduated in 2003-04
14
2
6
3
2
3
Number Male
Number Female
10
4
1
1
2
4
2
1
2
2
1
Number Caucasian
Number African American
Number Native American
Number Hispanic
Number Asian
12
2
1
3
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
Number Going to Postdoc
5
1
1
1
Number Going to Academic
4
2
2
2
1
1
Employment
Number Going to State, Federal or
3
3
1
International Agency
Number Going to Private Sector
2
1
* GSO = Oceanography, MAF = Marine Affairs, ENRE = Environmental and Natural
Resource Economics, NRS = Natural Resources Science, PLS = Plant Sciences, BIO =
Biology
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Page 28
Section (D). References Cited. Papers published by members of the CIIP team are marked with an
asterisk.
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method to determine ground water denitrification in riparian zones. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1017-1024.
*Agar, J. J. & J. G. Sutinen. Forthcoming. Rebuilding strategies for multispecies fisheries: A stylized
bioeconomic model. Environmental and Resource Economics.
Alpert, P. & A. Keller. 2003. The ecology-policy interface. Frontiers in Ecol. & Environ. 1:45-46.
*Anderson, J. 2002. Aquaculture and the future: Why fisheries economist should care. Mar. R. Econ.
17:133-251.
*Anderson, C. M. & J. R. King. 2003. Equilibrium behavior in the conservation easement game. Sub. to
Land Econ.
* Anderson, J.L. In Press. The International Fish and Seafood Trade, Woodhead Publ, Cambridge, UK.
*August, P. V., L. Iverson, & J. Nugranad. 2002. Human Conversion of Terrestrial Habitats. Pages 198224. In K. J. Gutzwiller Editor, Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation. SpringerVerlag, New York.
*Bengston, D.A. 1999. Aquaculture of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus): Status of knowledge,
current research, and future research priorities. Aquaculture 176: 39-49.
*Burroughs, R. 1999. When stakeholders choose: Process, knowledge, and motivation in water quality
decisions. Society and Natural Resources 12:797-809.
Cohen, J. C. Small, A. Mellinger, J. Gallup, & J. Sachs. 1997. Estimates of coastal populations. Science
278:1211-1212.
*Collie, J.S, S.J. Hall, M.J. Kaiser, & I.R. Poiner. 2000. A quantitative analysis of fishing impacts on
shelf-sea benthos, Journal of Animal Ecology 69: 785-798.
Cook, R. 2003. The magnitude and impact of by-catch mortality by fishing gear. In M. Sinclair & G.
Valdimarsson ed., Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem. Rome: The Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations.
Costanza, R., R. d'Arge, R. de Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, S. Naeem, K. Limburg, J.
Paruelo, R.V. O'Neill, R. Raskin, P. Sutton, & M. van den Belt. 1997. The value of the world's
ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387:253-260.
*Costa-Pierce, B.A. 2002. Ecological Aquaculture. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
Coughlin, B., L. Garwin, H. Blount, and L. Neistadt. 2002. Cross disciplinary science: Fostering,
recruiting and reviewing multidisciplinary work. Science Editor 25:8.
*Dalton, T. 2004. An approach for integrating economic impact analysis into the evaluation of potential
marine protected area sites. Journal of Environmental Management 70:333-350.
Earl, S., F. Carden, & T. Smutylo. 2001. Outcome Mapping: Building Learning and Reflection into
Development Programs. International Development Research Centre. Ottawa, Canada
FAO. 2002. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002. Rome: The Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations.
* Foster, Cheryl. 2000. Restoring Nature in American Culture: An Environmental Aesthetic Perspective.
In ( eds. Paul Gobster and Bruce Hull). Restoring Nature: Perspectives from the Social Sciences and
Humanities. Pages 71-96. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
* Foster, C. 2005 (forthcoming). Wherefore the Rhizome: Eelgrass Restoration in the Narragansett Bay.
In (ed. Robert France) Healing Natures, Repairing Relationships: Landscape Architecture and the
Restoration of Ecological Spaces and Consciousness. MIT Press.
* Fox, M.F., D. Kester, J. Andrews, A. Magnuson, and C. Zoski. 2000. Seasonal warming of
Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island Sound in 1997: AVHRR sea surface temperature and in situ
measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(C9):22,071-22,082.
*Gómez-Chiarri M, & Chiaverini L. 1999. Evaluation of promoters for the construction of DNA vaccines
for aquaculture. Genet Anal 15:121-124
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
References Page 1
*Hargraves, P.E. & L. Maranda. 2002. Potentially toxic or harmful microalgae from the northeast coast.
Northeast Naturalist 81-120.
*Healey M. & T. Hennessey.1994. The utilization of scientific information in the management of
estuarine ecosystems. Ocean and Coastal Management 23:167-191.
Heinz Center. 2004. Innovation by Design: Improving Learning Networks in Coastal Management. John
H. Heinz Center for Science, Economics, and the Environment, Washington D.C.
*Hennessey, T. & M. Imperial. 2000. Environmental governance in watersheds: The importance of
collaboration. In Transforming Environmental Protection for the 21st Century 11: 7-180. Washington,
DC., The National Academy of Public Administration.
*Hollister, J., J. Paul, P. August, J. Copeland, & L. Gonzales. 2004. Assessing the accuracy of the
National Land Cover dataset at multiple spatial extents. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing 70:405-414.
*Imperial M. & T. Hennessey. 1993.The evolution of adaptive management for estuarine ecosystems, the
National Estuary Program and its precursors. Ocean and Coastal Management 20:147-180.
*Imperial M. & T. Hennessey. 2000. Environmental governance in watersheds: The importance of
collaboration in transforming environmental protection for the 21st century. Washington D.C.. The
National Academy of Public Administration.
*Johnston, R. G.Magnusson, M. Mazzotta & J. Opaluch. 2002a. Combining economic and ecological
indicators to prioritize salt marsh restoration actions. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 84.
*Johnston R., S.K. Swallow, C.W. Allen, & L.A. Smith. 2002b. Designing multidimensional
environmental programs: Assessing tradeoffs and substitution in watershed management plans. Water
Resources Research 387: 1-13.
*Johnston, R.J., S.K. Swallow, D.M. Bauer, & C.M. Anderson. 2003. Preferences for residential
development attributes and support for the policy process: Implications for management and
conservation of rural landscapes. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 321
* Juda, L. 2002. Rio plus ten: The evolution of international marine fisheries governance. Ocean
Development and International Law, 109-144.
*Kline J. & S.K. Swallow. 1998. The demand for local access to coastal recreation in Southern New
England. Coastal Management 263:177-190.
Lubchenko, J. 1998. Entering the century of the environment: A new social contract for science. Science
279:491-497.
Ludwig, D., M. Mangel, & B. Haddad. 2001. Ecology, conservation, and public policy. Ann. Rev. Ecol.
Syst. 32:481-517
*McCann, A., D. Chapman, & A. Mandeville. 2001. Using GIS to identify critical lands for conservation.
Maritimes 43:10-12.
*McWilliams, S.R. & W.H. Karasov. 2001. Phenotypic flexibility in digestive system structure and
function in migratory birds and its ecological implications. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
A 128:579-593.
Milazzo, M. 1998. Subsidies in World Fisheries: A Reexamination. World Bank Technical Paper,
Number 406, Washington D.C.
National Research Council. 1993. Research to Protect, Restore, and Manage the Environment. National
Academy Press, Washington D.C.
*Nichols, W., K. T. Killingbeck, & P. V. August. 1998. The influence of geomorphological heterogeneity
on biodiversity: II. A landscape perspective. Conservation Biology 12:371-379.
*Nixon, S. 1997. Prehistoric nutrient inputs and productivity in Narragansett Bay. Estuaries 202:253-261.
*Nixon, S. W., S. L. Granger, & B. L. Nowicki. 1995. An assessment of the annual mass balance of
carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Narragansett Bay. Biogeochemistry 31:15-61.
*Novak, A. & Y. Wang. In Press. Effects of suburban sprawl on Rhode Island’s forests: a Landsat view
from 1972 to 1999. Northeastern Naturalist.
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
References Page 2
*Nowicki, B.L., E. Requintina, D. Van Keuren, & J. Portnoy. 1999. The role of sediment denitrification
in reducing groundwater-derived nitrate inputs to Nauset Marsh Estuary, Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Estuaries 222:245-259.
*Opaluch, J., P. August, R. Thompson, R. Johnston, & V. Lee. 2002. Linking agent models and
controlled laboratory experiments for managing community growth. In Agent-based Models of Landuse and Land-cover Change. Land Use and Cover Change Reports Series 6:98-100.
*Paton, P.W.C. & W. Crouch. 2002. Using phenology of pond-breeding amphibians to develop
conservation strategies. Conservation Biology 18:194-204.
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Pew Commission, Arlington, VA
*Portnoy, J. W., B.L. Nowicki, C.T. Roman & D.W. Urish. 1998. The discharge of nitrate contaminated
groundwater from developed shoreline to marsh-fringed estuary. Water Resources Res. 34:3095-3104.
*Raposa, K., C.T. Roman, & S. Adamowicz. 1999. Early ecological responses to restoration of a tidally
restricted salt marsh Sachuest Point, RI. New England Estuarine Research Society.
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6:694-696.
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Education, May 25, 2001
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eutrophication. Pp.77-86 in Marine Aquaculture and the Environment: A Meeting for Stakeholders in
the Northeast (M. Tlusty et al., eds.), Cape Cod Press, Falmouth, MA, 324 p.
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Island, Rhode Island. In The Ecology of Block Island. P. Paton, L. Gould, P. August, & A. Frost, Eds.,
Rhode Island Natural History Survey Press, Kingston, RI
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Thyroidal status influences gill mitochondria-rich cells. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 117: 238-250.
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Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis, Science, 296: 730-733.
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of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 20: 279-292.
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Lovett. 1998. Artificial diets during intensive culture. Dis. Aquat. Org. 38: 201-210.
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OECD countries. ICES Journal of Marine Science 56: 1051-1058.
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Research, in W. Shrank, R. Arnason, R. Hannesson eds., The Cost of Fisheries Management: pp 279284. Hants, England: Ashgate Publishing.
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Northeast Naturalist 74: 361-72.
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Aquaculture Development: Implications for Watershed-based Management in the Pacific Northwest. In:
Sustainable Fisheries Management: Pacific Salmon. Ed. by Knudsen, E.E., et al. CRC Press LLC.
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Commission on Ocean Policy, Washington D.C.
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landscape change. Ecological Modeling 1401-2: 141-162.
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Bowen. 2003. Remote sensing of mangrove change along the Tanzania coast. Marine Geodesy 261-20.
*Zucker, D.A. & J. Anderson. 1999. A dynamic, stochastic model of a land-based summer flounder
aquaculture firm. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 30: 219-235.
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
References Page 3
Peter V. August
Professor, Department of Natural Resources Science &
Director, The Coastal Institute
Narragansett Bay Campus
University of Rhode Island
Narragansett, RI 02882
Academic History
University of San Diego, B.S. Biology, 1974
Texas Tech University, M.S. Biology, 1976
Boston University, Ph.D. Biology, 1981
Professional History
2000-Present: Director, The Coastal Institute, University of Rhode Island; duties include advancing
knowledge and creating solutions to environmental problems in coastal ecosystems.
1995-Present: Professor, Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island;
duties include leading the Environmental Data Center, teaching, research, and service.
1996-1998: Chairman, Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island; duties
include administering the academic, research, and outreach programs for a department of 10
tenure-line faculty, 30 graduate students, and 270 undergraduate majors.
1985-1995: Assistant and Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources Science, University
of Rhode Island; duties include establishing a GIS program at URI, teaching, research, and
service.
1981-1984: Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, University of Rhode Island; duties included
teaching Vertebrate Biology, Human Physiology, Conservation Biology, and graduate seminars.
Other Activities
2004-2006. Chair. United States Chapter of the International Association of Landscape Ecologists
2000-Present. Trustee. The Nature Conservancy, Rhode Island Field Office
1994-Present. Board Member. The Rhode Island Natural History Survey
1992-Present. Board Member. The Rhode Island Geographic Information System
2003-Present. Council Member. Richmond Rural Preservation Land Trust.
Research, Outreach, and Educational Interests
My research focuses on examining landscape-scale patterns of biodiversity and the ecological
processes that cause and maintain these patterns. I teach senior and graduate courses in Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) technology and Landscape Ecology. My outreach activities are primarily
concerned with empowering local land managers, especially land trusts and municipalities, with GIS
tools and the analytical methods to support natural resource management and conservation. My
laboratory, the URI Environmental Data Center (EDC), conducts GIS analyses for the National Park
Service, EPA, NOAA, and various state environmental agencies. The EDC is the electronic (world
wide web) distribution center for the Rhode Island Geographic Information System database. As
Director of the Coastal Institute (CI), I work to engage the intellectual assets of the University of
Rhode Island in developing solutions to environmental problems in coastal ecosystems in Rhode
Island, the region, the Nation, and world. Through the CI I currently administer the Rhode Island
Environmental Monitoring Collaborative, the statewide institution to develop monitoring programs
for our coast and watersheds, and report environmental status and trends to the Governor and General
Assembly. As Chair Elect of the United States Chapter of the International Association of Landscape
Ecologists I work to make US-IALE an effective institution to advance and promote the science and
practice of landscape ecology.
Dissertations Directed
Nugranad, Jarunee. Completed 2002. Social and environmental correlates use change in Mae Tang
watershed, Thailand.
Rodriquez, Wilfrid. Completed 2003. Land use change and estuarine health in the northeastern US.
Hollister, Jeffrey. In Progress. Multi-model assessment of estuarine ecosystem health in the midAtlantic U.S.
Hines-Kuhn, Ann. In Progress. Watershed condition and mercury in loons in northern New England.
Vigness-Raposa, Kathy. In Progress. Modeling acoustic disturbances to marine mammals.
Brownlee, Julia. In Progress. Ecology of marine protected areas.
Current Research Support
2003-2005. Office of the Governor of Rhode Island. Administration of Governor's Commission for
Narragansett Bay and Watershed Planning. $50,000
2003-2005. RI Department of Environmental Management. Scientific Response Planning for Oil Spill
Emergencies, $75,000
2001-2005. EPA. The Narragansett Bay Estuary Program (with C. Oviatt and R. Ribb), $330,000
2004-2005. National Park Service. The Field Technical Support Center for GIS (with C. LaBash, R.
Duhaime), $75,000
2002-2004. USDA. The New England Water Quality Program (with A. Gold and others), $2,350,000
2004-2007. USDA Geospatial Extension Specialist (with C. LaBash, A. Gold, and A. McCann),
$290,000
5 Representative Publications
Hollister, J., J. Paul, P. August, J. Copeland, and L. Gonzales. 2004. Assessing the accuracy of the
National Land Cover Dataset at multiple spatial extents. Photogrammetric Engineering and
Remote Sensing. 70:405-414
Paul, J., J. Copeland, M. Charpentier, P. August, and J. Hollister. 2003. Overview of GIS
applications in estuarine monitoring and assessment research. Marine Geodesy, 26:63-72.
August, P. V., L. Iverson, J. Nugranad. 2002. Human Conversion of Terrestrial Habitats. Pages 198224. In K. J. Gutzwiller (Editor), Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation.
Springer-Verlag, New York.
Nichols, W., K. T. Killingbeck, and P. V. August. 1998. The influence of geomorphological
heterogeneity on biodiversity: II. A landscape perspective. Conservation Biology, 12:371-379.
Comeleo, R., J. Paul, P. August, J. Copeland, C. Baker, S. Hale, and R. Latimer. 1996. Relationships
between watershed stressors and sediment contamination in Chesapeake Bay estuaries.
Landscape Ecology, 11:307-319.
Richard H. Burroughs
Professor, Department of Marine Affairs
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, RI 02881
Academic History
A.B., Princeton University, Geosciences, 1969
Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology – Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution Joint Program in Oceanography, 1975
Professional History
1996-Present. Professor, Department of marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island
1997-Present. Adjunct Professor, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale
University
1983-1996. Assistant/Associate Professor, Department of Marine Affairs, University of
Rhode Island
Other Activities
2004-Present. Member of the Board and Co-Chair of the Education Committee of The
Coastal Society
2002-Present. University Advisory Committee, Rhode Island Sea Grant
2000-Present. Mystic Seaport Watercraft Preservation Committee
1995-Present. Commissioner, Narragansett Bay Commission
Current Research Support
2004-Present. Quonset Point Multi-Modal, Mixed-Use Ferry Terminal. (with R. Thompson)
$78.632. U.S. Department of Transportation/URITC.
Five Representative Publications
Juda, L. and R. Burroughs. 2004. Navigational Dredging of Channels in a Changing
Scientific and Regulatory Environment. Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce
34:171-218..
Burroughs, R. 2003. Goal and Trend Assessment to Define Coastal Ecosystem Management
Initiatives. Local Environment 8:277-290.
Boesch, D., Burroughs, R., Baker, J., Mason, R., Rowe, C. and R. Siefert. 2001. Marine
Pollution in the United States: Significant Accomplishments, Future Challenges.
Pew Oceans Commission, VA, 51 p. www.pewoceans.org/reports/022701report.pdf
Burroughs, R. 1999. When Stakeholders Choose: Process, Knowledge, and Motivation in
Water Quality Decisions. Society and Natural Resources 12:797-809.
Burroughs, R. and T. Clark. 1995. Ecosystem Management: A Comparison of Greater
Yellowstone and Georges Bank. Environmental Management 19:649-663.
James J. Opaluch
Professor, Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
Director, Policy Simulation Laboratory
210 Kingston Coastal Institute
University of Rhode Island
Narragansett, RI 02881
Academic History
University of Rhode Island, B.A. Economics, 1975
UC Berkeley, M.A. Statistics, 1977
UC Berkeley, Ph.D. Ag & Natural Resource Economics, 1981
Professional History
1991-Present: Professor, Department of Environmental & Natural Resource Economics, University of
Rhode Island; duties include leading the Policy Simulation Laboratory, teaching, research, and
service.
1979-1991: Assistant and Associate Professor, Department of Environmental and Natural Resource
Economics, University of Rhode Island; duties include teaching, research, and service.
Other Activities
US EPA Science Advisory Board, 2003 – present
National Science Foundation, Decision Making Under Uncertainty Program, Site Review Panel
Chairperson.
National Science Foundation, Biocomplexity Program Review Panel, 2001.
National Academy of Science, Panel on PCB Contaminated Sediments, 1999-2000
National Science Foundation, Biocomplexity Program Review Panel, 2000.
National Academy of Science, Committee on Wetlands Functions and Values, 2000.
Associate Editor, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1997-2000.
President, Northeast Assoc. of Agricultural and Resource Economists, 1992- 1995.
Vice President, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 1990 1992.
US Minerals Management Service Social Science Research Panel, 1992.
National Academy of Sciences, Panels to Evaluate Adequacy of Env. Info in Calif, Fla, Georges
Banks & Alaska..
Associate Editor, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 1987 1990.
Editorial Board Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 1988 1991.
Board of Directors, Northeast Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, 1988 1991.
National Academy of Sciences, Panel to Evaluate the U.S. Dept of Interior Env. Studies Program,
1988 1991.
Current Research Support
2004-06 USDA, A Risk-Based Approach to Managing Intentional Introduction of Non-Native
Species (with J. Anderon and K. Schneir). $220,000
2002-05. U.S. EPA, Information Tools for Informing Land Use Policy (with R. Thompson),
$225,000.
Dissertations Directed
Kashmanian, R. Completed 1985. Controlling Hazardous Wastes in Narragansett Bay
Zeitouni, N., Completed 1988. Economics of Groundwater Protection.
Besidin, E., Completed 1994. Cost Effective Programs for Controlling Nitrate Contamination in
Groundwater.
Mazzotta, M., Completed 1996. Use of Stated Preference Models to Set Priorities for Preserving
Natural Amenities.
Johnston, R., Completed 1997. The Role of Time in Revealed Preference Models.
Maharaj, V., Completed 1999. An Assessment of Salmon Aquaculture for Recreational Fishing.
Managi, S. Completed 2002. Technological Progress and Resource Depletion
Magnusson, G. In Progress. Linking Econ. & Natural Science for Setting Priorities for Wetlands
Restoration
Zhuang, H., in progress A Comparison of Agent Models for Forecasting Residential Development
Barak, B.in progress Information Effects in Stated Preference Surveys
5 Representative Publications
Managi, S., J. Opaluch, Di Jin and T. Grigalunas, 2005. “Environmental Regulations and
Technological Change in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry” in press, Land Econ
Managi, S., J. Opaluch, Di Jin and T. Grigalunas, 2004. “Technological Change and Depletion in
Offshore Oil and Gas” J. of Env. Econ. and Man., Vol. No. 2 (Mar).
Johnston, R., G. Magnusson, M Mazzotta and J. Opaluch, 2002. “Combining Economic and
Ecological Indicators to Prioritize Salt Marsh Restoration Actions” Amer. J. of Ag. Econ., Vol.
84 No. 5 (Dec).
Swallow, S., J. Opaluch and T. Weaver, 2001. “Strength of Preference Indicators and an OrderedResponse Model for Ordinarily Dichotomous, Discrete Choice Data” J. of Env. Econ and Man.
Vol. 41 No. 1 (Jan).
Mazzotta, M. and J. Opaluch, 1995. ”Decision Making When Choices Are Complex” Land Econ
Vol. 71 No. 4.
Candace A. Oviatt
Professor, Graduate School Of Oceanography
Director, Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory
University of Rhode Island
Narragansett, RI 02882
Academic History
B.S. Biology, Bates College, 1961
Ph.D. Biological Oceanography, 1967, University of Rhode Island (Saul Saila, Major
Professor).
Professional History
2000-present Coastal Institute, Associate Director
1994-2000 Director, Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory, URI
1991-93
Interim Associate Dean, GSO, URI
1991
(fall) Acting Dean, GSO, URI
1990Professor Of Oceanography, GSO, URI
1984-94
Associate Director, Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory, URI
1982-90
Research Professor, GSO, URI
1980-82
Associate Research Professor, GSO, URI
1977-84
Manager, Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory, URI
1970-77
Research Associate and Lecturer, GSO, URI
1969-70
Research Associate, Graduate School of Oceanography,
University of Rhode Island
1966-69
Research Associate, Harvard School of Public Health
Professional Activities
Chair, Estuarine Research Federation, Awards Committee, 2001, 2003.
Head of Biological Faculty, 1994-present
Search Committee for Ecologists, Swedish Universities, 1997, 2000, 2004
Past President, Estuarine Research Federation, 1997-1999
Advisor, Marine Science Committee, University of Maryland at Horn Point 1994-1997
President, Estuarine Research Federation, 1995-1997
President Elect, Estuarine Research Federation, 1994-1995
Research and Educational Interests
My research has focused on whole systems and experimental marine ecosystems
examining nutrient and carbon cycling and benthic-water column interactions. Recent
interests are the impact of climate trends on estuarine ecosystems and changes in
secondary production with changes in nutrient loadings. I teach the graduate core course
in Biological Oceanography to primarily first year graduate students. I have advised 11
MS and 12 PhD candidates successfully and served on 65 graduate committees since
1990.
Current Dissertations Under My Direction
Melrose, Donald C. Expected 2005. Comparisons of fast repetition rate fluorescence
estimated primary production and 14C uptake by phytoplankton.
Whitman, Kimberly Expected 2006. Primary productivity patterns in Massachusett Bay
using in situ C-14 to ground truth Sea Wifs satellite images.
Longval, Brooke Expected 2007. A simulation model for ctenophore predation on
zooplankton during a period of climate change.
Calabratta, Christopher Expected 2007. Benthic community dynamics along the northsouth axis of the nutrient gradient in Narragansett Bay.
Current Grant Support
Battelle Laboratories. Monitoring Water Quality and Primary Production in
Massachusetts Bay. ~$192,000 per year for four years through 2005.
National Marine Fisheries Service. Bay Window. Benthic community response to
winter-spring bloom intensity. $34,000 over 04-05.
Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management. Measurement and analysis of
marine water temperature. $29,325 over 04.
EPA. Cooperative Agreement to assess and apply probabilistic approaches for evaluating
estuarine sampling. 6/15/01-6/30/05. $640,000. PIs C. Oviatt, P. August.
Representative Publications (Total to date: 73)
Oviatt, C. A. In Press. The changing ecology of temperate coastal waters during a
warming trend. Estuaries.
Oviatt, C., and A. Gold. In Press. Nitrate in Coastal Waters Ch. 8 In: T. Addiscott (ed)
Nitrate, Agriculture and the Environment. CAB International. UK.
Oviatt, C. A., S. Olsen, M. Andrews, J. Collie, T. Lynch, and K. Raposa. (2003). A
century of fishing and fish fluctuations in Narragansett bay. Reviews in Fisheries
Science 11:1-22.
Oviatt, C.A., A.A. Keller, and L. Reed. 2002. Annual primary production in
Narragansett Bay with no bay-wide winter-spring phytoplankton bloom. Estuarine,
Coastal and Shelf Science, 54:1013-1026.
Keller, A.A., C.A. Oviatt, and J.D. Hawk. 1999. Predicted impacts of elevated
temperature on the magnitude of the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom in temperate
coastal waters: A mesocosm study. Limnology and Oceanography. 44(2):344-356.
Judith M. Swift
Professor, Department of Communication Studies and Theatre Department
Independence Hall
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, RI 02881
Academic History:
University of Rhode, M.A. English, 1971
University of Rhode, B.A. English, (Sociology/Criminology)1968
Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, London, Acting, James Roose-Evans, 1976-77
Professional History:
2003-Present: Interim Vice-Provost for Academic Affairs, University of Rhode Island.
2000-present: Associate Director, The Coastal Institute, University of Rhode Island: duties include
assisting Director with outreach, programming, long-term planning to address environmental
problems in coastal ecosystems..
1999- present: Resident Director, Rites and Reason Theatre, Research to Performance Laboratory,
Africana Studies Department, Brown University.
2000: Unlimited joint appointment, Department of Communication Studies and Department of Theatre;
duties include supervision of graduate students, teaching acting, directing, communication and media,
communication in business enterprise; communicating business ethics, research and outreach.
1997- 2000: Special Faculty Assistant to the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs; duties
included assisting in oversight and preparation of directives, analyses and evaluations of all aspects of
university’s academic mission.
1982-1997: Chair, Department of Theatre; duties included oversight of research/creative activity, teaching
and outreach for academic program and production and laboratory season in a department of 6 tenureline faculty, 5 staff, 34 guest artists and 120 majors.
Research, Outreach and Educational Interests: My research is primarily focused on the application of
artistic and media communication to the creation of new artistic work which addresses questions of major
concern to natural scientists as well as the communication of knowledge and challenges relative to public
policy, sustainability and coastal ecosystems. Outreach activities include serving as part of a team to
create a science exhibit, “Living on the Edge,” for the Boston Museum of Science, creation of sciencebased musicals to apply emotional learning in conveying difficult principles and theories to the lay public
and scientists in other fields, and the creation of innovative programming to engage the public, elected
officials, media and civic leaders in matters of concern to the scientific community. My work as an artist
was recognized by the 2002 Research Excellence Award at URI and I have a lengthy series of credits
from Off-Broadway to regional theatre.
Current Research Support
USDA CREES, ($95,000) Creation of a Minor Course of Study in Sustainability (with Deborah
Grossman-Garber/chief PI, Dennis Nixon, Richard Rhodes)
URI Research Grant, $3500, Creation of Musical on Monitoring and Projections for Coastal Ecosystems.
5 Representative Creative Research Projects
1992-2002, Buy the Bay: Coastal Life in the Gilded Age—director and co-author. Social history of Rhode
Island coastal resorts in the Gilded Age sponsored by National Endowment for Humanities project
What A Difference A Bay Makes. Toured to date to 22 sites including a Fall 2001 symposium on
adaptive management at The Coastal Institute.
1995, A Cabaret on Death, theatrical piece commissioned as part of the John Hazen White Honors
Colloquium, Mortal Questions, addressing issues of euthanasia, suicide, grieving and necrophobia.
URI
1985, Compuhension: A Computerrific Cabaret— director and co-author; musical revue based on
computer science, e.g. technology; impact on society (privacy, humanity vs. efficiency); artificial
intelligence. Produced at URI and aired on Cable TV State Interconnect on the Higher Education
Network.
1982, Clinicalleluia! - director and co-author; musical revue of the health sciences, e.g. medical ethics,
physiology and social issues and attitudes regarding health and disease. Produced at URI.
1981, Oceantics - director and co-author; cabaret on oceanography, e.g. phenomenon of schooling,
maritime law, mineral wealth, environmental protection, and aesthetics; funded by Sea Grant.
Produced at URI.
James Lavalette Anderson
Professor, Environmental & Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island
1 Greenhouse Rd., Kingston, RI 02881 USA
phone: 401-874-4568; email: [email protected]
Academic History
University of California, Davis, CA, Ph.D., Agricultural Economics, 1983
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, M.S., Agricultural Economics, 1978
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, B.S., Biology/Economics, 1976
Professional History
1994-Present: Professor and Chair (2001- ), Dept. of Env. & Natural Resource Econ., University of Rhode Island
1989-1994: Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Env. & Natural Resource Econ., University of Rhode Island
1983-1989: Asst. Professor, Dept. of Env. & Natural Resource Econ., University of Rhode Island
1998-1999: Visiting Professor, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary
Professional Service and Honors
Co-chair, National Academy of Science, NRC, Committee on Non-native Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay (2002-03).
Editor, Marine Resource Economics (1999- ); Associate Editor (1992-98).
Director, International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade (2002-06).
Article of the Year Award, Vukina, T. and J.L. Anderson, NAREA (1995).
Research Scientist of the Year Award, College of Environ. & Life Sciences, Univ. of Rhode Island (1994).
Editorial Council: Journal of Environmental Economics & Management (1989-91).
Member, National Academy of Science, NRC Committee, Assessment of Technology and Opportunities for Marine
Aquaculture (1988-91).
Outstanding Ph.D. Thesis Award, American Agricultural Economics Association (1984).
Current Research Support
2004-05 USDA: Imports of Shrimp and the US Shrimp Industry, $25,000
2003-04. USDC/NMFS: An Alternate Approach to Managing Atlantic Sea Scallops, $140,000.
2004-07. USDA/AES: The Economic Effect of Aquaculture on Fisheries, $60,000.
Dissertations Directed
Valderrama, D., In progress. The Economic Effect of Aquaculture on Fisheries.
Baskaran, R., 2004. Fisheries Management with Heterogeneous Participants.
Martinez, J. 2000. Hedging Effectiveness, Market Efficiency and Forecasting in the Shrimp Futures Market.
Fong, Q.S.W. 1999. Assessment of Asian Shark Fin Trade and Implications for Shark Management.
Zucker, D., 1998. Economic Analysis of Summer Flounder Aquaculture.
Five Representative Publications
Anderson, J.L., The International Seafood Trade, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL and Woodhead Publishing Ltd.,
Cambridge, England (2003) 222 pp.
Anderson, J.L., 2002. Aquaculture and the Future: Why Fisheries Economist Should Care, Marine Resource
Economics, Vol. 17 No. 2:133-251.
Martinez-Garmendia, J. and J.L. Anderson. 1999. Hedging Performance of Shrimp Futures Contracts with Multiple
Deliverable Grades, Journal of Futures Markets, Vol. 19, No. 8:957-990.
Zucker, D.A. and J.L. Anderson. 1999. A Dynamic, Stochastic Model of a Land-based Summer Flounder
Aquaculture Firm, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Vol. 30, No. 2:219-235.
Sylvia, G. and J.L. Anderson. 1996. A Multilevel, Multiobjective Policy Model: The Case of Marine
Aquaculture Development, American Journal of Agric. Econ., Vol. 78, No. 1:79-88.
C:\IGERT\IGERTBio-JLA.doc
Christopher M. Anderson
Assistant Professor of Experimental Economics
Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
205 Kingston Coastal Institute, One Greenhouse Road
Kingston, RI 02881
Education
California Institute of Technology, Ph.D., Social Science, 2001
Brown University, Sc.B. Applied Math-Economics (Honors), 1996
Appointment
2000-Present: Assistant Professor of Experimental Economics, Department of Environmental and Natural Resource
Economics, University of Rhode Island; duties include Assistant Director of the Policy Simulation
Laboratory, research, teaching and service.
Research and Educational Interests
My research applies experimental economics, game theory and behavioral economics to understand the decisions
agents make in different economic institutions. My current projects are analyzing properties of alternative market
structures for tradable rights in fisheries; identifying the relative contributions of risk aversion and ambiguity
aversion to overbidding in first-price auctions; and developing incentive compatible mechanisms for valuation of
nonmarket environmental amenities through stated preference surveys.
Grant Support
RI-SeaGrant, $162,000 (3/03-2/04), Laboratory Testbedding Transferable Fishing Allowance Policies and
Institutions: An Application to the Rhode Island Lobster Fishery (with J. Gates and J. Sutinen)
Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station, $75,000+assistantship (3/03-2/06) Experimental Analysis of the
Political Economics of Fishery Management (with J. Sutinen)
Rhode Island MacIntyre-Stennis $75,000+assistantship (3/03-2/06) Valuation of Forested Land Conservation
Alternatives: Tools to Evaluate Validity of Willingness-to-Pay (with S. Swallow)
NOAA-NMFS/Cooperative Marine Education and Research, $38,800 (10/04-9/05), Economic Aspects of
Transferable Days-At-Sea in the Northeast Multispecies Fishery: An Experimental Analysis (with J. Sutinen)
NOAA-NMFS/Cooperative Agreement, $83,000 (10/04-9/05), Experimental Economics in the Design of
Lease/Trade Rules
USDA/NRI, $615,000 (1/05-12/07), Validating Best Forest Management Practices around Vernal Pools:
Amphibian Metapopulations, Harvester Adoption Costs and Public Values (with S. Swallow, K. Schnier and P.
Paton)
5 Selected Publications
Anderson, C. M., C. R. Plott, K.-I. Shimomura and S. Granat. 2003. Global Instability in Experimental General
Equilibrium: The Scarf Example. Journal of Economic Theory 115(2):209-249.
Anderson, C. M. and J. R. King. 2004. Equilibrium Behavior in the Conservation Easement Game. Land
Economics 80(3): 355-374.
King, J. R. and C. M. Anderson. 2004. The Marginal Property Tax Rate Effects of Conservation Easements: A
Vermont Case Study. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 86(4):919-932.
Anderson, C.M. and L. Putterman. Do Non-strategic Sanctions Obey the Law of Demand? The Demand for
Punishment in the Voluntary Contribution Mechanism. Games and Economic Behavior, forthcoming.
Anderson, C.M. and J. G. Sutinen. A Laboratory Assessment of Tradable Fishing Allowances. Marine Resource
Economics, forthcoming.
Barry A. Costa-Pierce
Professor & Director of the Rhode Island Sea Grant College Program
Graduate School of Oceanography
Narragansett Bay Campus
University of Rhode Island
Narragansett, RI 02882
Academic History
Drew University, Zoology, 1976
University of Vermont, Zoology, 1980
University of Hawaii, Oceanography, 1984
Professional History
2001—present: Director, Rhode Island Sea Grant College Program and Professor of Fisheries & Aquaculture, URI
Department of Fisheries, Animal & Veterinary Science, with a Joint Appointment as Professor of
Oceanography, Graduate School of Oceanography
1998—2001: Director, Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Ocean Springs, Miss. and Dauphin Island, Ala.
1995—1998: Staff Consultant in Post-Evaluation, Post-Evaluation Office, Asian Development Bank & Staff
Consultant, Environment & Social Policy Division, The World Bank
1993—1995: Associate Professor of Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, Bemidji State University, Bemidji,
Minnesota & Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Minnesota
1985—1993: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM)—The World Fish Center,
Manila, Philippines. ICLARM Positions: 1993: Consultant Scientist in Strategic Planning; 1989—1992:
Director & Research Scientist, ICLARM Africa Project Office, Zomba, Malawi, Africa; 1985—1989: Team
Leader & Associate Research Scientist , ICLARM-World Bank Project Office, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Other Activities
Associate Director, URI Coastal Institute (2003—)
Board of Scientific Advisors, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California (2003—)
International Editorial Board, Aquatic Resources, Culture and Development (2003—)
International Steering Committee, US-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR) (2003—)
Chair of the Program Mission Committee, Sea Grant Association (2003—)
Chair of the Sea Grant International Committee, Sea Grant Association (2003—)
Editor, Husbandry & Mgt., Aquaculture, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam (2001—)
Associate Editor, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society (1999—)
Current Research Support
2004-2006. NOAA. Oceanic & Atmospheric Research. Office of Sea Grant. Rhode Island Sea Grant College
Program. $3,177,693
2002-2005. NOAA. Oceanic & Atmospheric Research. Rhode Island Aquaculture Initiative. $1,418,000
2004-2006. Elsevier Press, Amsterdam. International Science Editor for the Husbandry and Management Section of
Aquaculture. $70,100.
2002-2006. NOAA. Oceanic & Atmospheric Research International Affairs. Formulation of Sea Grant International
(with S. Olsen). $53,030.
5 Representative Publications
Costa-Pierce, B.A. et al., Editors. in press. Urban Aquaculture. CABI Publishing Co., Wallingford, U.K
Costa-Pierce, B.A. 2003. Use of ecosystems science in ecological aquaculture. Bull. Aquacul. Assoc. Canada
103(2): 32-40.
Costa-Pierce, B.A., R. Hardy, and J.M. Kapetsky. 2003. Review of the Status, Trends and Issues in Global Fisheries
and Aquaculture, with Recommendations for USAID Investments. Strategic Partnerships for Agricultural
Research and Education (SPARE), U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC.
Bridger, C.J. and B.A. Costa-Pierce, Editors. 2003. Open Ocean Aquaculture: From Research to Commercial
Reality. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA.
Costa-Pierce, B.A., Editor/Author. 2002. Ecological Aquaculture. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
Tracey Morin Dalton
Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Affairs
223 Washburn Hall
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, RI 02881
Academic History
Boston College, B.S. Chemistry, 1996
University of Massachusetts Boston, Ph.D. Environmental Science, 2002
Professional History
2002-Present: Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island; duties
include
teaching undergraduate and graduate courses, mentoring students, researching human dimensions of
MPA management, and conducting service
2001: Research Assistant, New England Aquarium; duties included developing a public process for
establishing, managing, and monitoring marine protected areas in the Gulf of Maine
1999-2000: Research Assistant, Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; duties
included research using economic models and GIS to evaluate fisheries policies
1999-2002: Research Assistant, Urban Harbors Institute, University of Massachusetts Boston; duties
included research and outreach related to the coastal and marine environment
1996-1998: Research Assistant, Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution; duties included operation of an automated vacuum line to extract carbon dioxide from
seawater
Other Activities
2004. Working Group Member. Stellwagen Bank Sanctuary Compatibility Working Group.
2003-Present. Disability Mentor. University of Rhode Island.
2003-Present. Teaching Fellow. University of Rhode Island.
Current Research Support
2004. NSF ADVANCE Incentive Fund. $6,000.
5 Representative Publications
Dalton, T. 2004. An approach for integrating economic impact analysis into the evaluation of
potential marine protected area sites. Journal of Environmental Management, 70(4):333-349.
Jin, D., P. Hoagland, and T. Morin Dalton. 2003. Linking economic and ecological models for a
marine ecosystem. Ecological Economics, 46:367-385.
Morin, T. 2002. ‘Tis a peopled sea: incorporating human considerations into the design and
management of marine protected areas. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts Boston.
Morin, T. 2001. Sanctuary advisory councils: involving the public in the national marine sanctuary
program, Coastal Management. 29:327-340.
Morin, T., M. Connor, J. Schubel, D. Shaw, and J. Pederson. 2001. Marine protected areas: a
discussion with stakeholders in the Gulf of Maine. MIT Sea Grant Publication #01-19.
Cheryl A. Foster
Honors Professor of Philosophy
Associate Director, Honors Program
University of Rhode Island
Honors Center - Lippitt Hall
Kingston, RI 02881-0806
Education
University of Edinburgh, Ph.D. Philosophy, 1992
University of Chicago, M.A. Humanities, 1986
Bowdoin College, B.A. Philosophy and English, Phi Beta Kappa, magna cum laude, Highest Honors Philosophy,
1983
Appointments
2002-present: Honors Professor of Philosophy, University of Rhode Island; duties include research and teaching in
Honors Program and Philosophy Department. Focus in Environmental Philosophy, Aesthetics,
Epistemology.
2000-present: Associate Director, Honors Program, University of Rhode Island; duties include administration of
student advising and oversight of national fellowship selection panels.
1997-2002: Honors Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Rhode Island
1992-1997: Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Rhode Island
Other Activities
2003-present: Board Member, National Association of Fellowship Advisers; Chair, Ethics Committee
1994-present: National Finalist Selection Panel, Harry S. Truman Scholarship; Boston Region Interview Panel
1996-2003: Selection Panel, Marshall Scholarship, Northeast Region
1997-2003: Board Member, North American Nature Photography Association; Treasurer, 2000-2002.
Selected Awards, Appointments and Grants
Grant, USDA/NRI, with Stephen Swallow and Robert Johnston, Do Amenity Values from Farm and Forest Increase
With Decreasing Scarcity? Identifying Public Preference Surprises for Policy Assessment, 2002 ($160,000)
Merit Award, American Society of Landscape Architects, for “Restoring Nature in American Culture,” as part of
Restoring Nature: Perspectives from the Social Scinces and Humanities, eds. Gobster and Hull, Island Press, 2001
Five Representative Publications
Foster, Cheryl. 2005 (forthcoming). Wherefore the Rhizome: Eelgrass Restoration in the Narragnsett Bay. In (ed.
RobertFrance) Healing Natures, Repairing Relationships: Landscape Architecture and the Restoration of
Ecological Spaces and Consciousness. MIT Press.
Foster, Cheryl. 2002. I’ve Looked at Clouds from Both Sides Now: Can There Be Aesthetic Qualities in Nature?. In
(eds. Emily Brady and Jerrold Levinson). Aesthetic Concepts: Essays After Sibley. Pages 180-198. Clarendon
Press, Oxford.
Foster, Cheryl. 2000. Restoring Nature in American Culture: An Environmental Aesthetic Perspective. In ( eds. Paul
Gobster and Bruce Hull). Restoring Nature: Perspectives from the Social Sciences and Humanities. Pages 71-96.
Island Press, Washington, D.C..
Foster, Cheryl. 1999. Ideas and Imagination: Schopenhauer on the Proper Foundation of Art. In (ed. Christopher
Janaway). The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer. Pages 213-251. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Foster, Cheryl. 1998. The Narrative and the Ambient in Environmental Aesthetics. Journal of Aesthetics and Art
Criticism, 56(2): 127-137.
Arthur J. Gold
Professor, Department of Natural Resources Science
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881.
Phone: 401-874-2903); Fax: 401-874-4561
email: [email protected]
Academic History
Ph.D., 1983, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Michigan
M.S., 1978, Water Resource Management, University of Michigan.
B.S., 1973, School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan.
Professional History
1993-Present: Professor, Dept. Nat. Res. Sci., Univ. Rhode Island; duties include teaching, research and directing
the Extension Water Quality Program
2000-Present: Associate Director, The Coastal Institute, Univ. of Rhode Island; duties include applying academic
research to coastal management.
1998-Present. Natural Resources Program Leader, URI Landgrant; Duties include fostering a campus-wide research
and extension program to address natural resources issues.
Assistant and Associate Professor, 1988 - 1993, Dept. Nat. Res. Sci., Univ. Rhode Island.
Research, Outreach and Educational Interests – My research focuses on characterizing the sources and sinks of
nitrogen in coastal watersheds. I conduct process level studies on groundwater nitrate dynamics at the aquatic
margin and use GIS techniques to scale up from the site level to the watershed scale.
Current Research Support
RHODE ISLAND SEA GRANT. Riparian Sinks for Mitigating Septic System Contamination
in Urbanizing Coastal Watersheds. 2004 – 2006. A. Gold, P. Groffman and M. Stolt.
$249,800.
CSREES/NRICGP. $285,000. Subsurface Riparian N Removal: The Role of Landscape
Setting. 1999-2004. A.J. Gold, P.M. Groffman, M. Stolt and K. Addy..
USDA/CSREES. $2,950,000. Watershed-based Water Quality Program for New England.
2000-2005. A.J. Gold, R. Jeffrey, A. McCann and P.V. August.
U.S. EPA: $290,000. Quantifying the effects of ecosystem restoration on denitrification activity
in riparian groundwater of a mid-Atlantic Piedmont stream. 2002-2005. P. Groffman and
A. Gold.
PhD. Students Mentored
Dorothy Q. Kellog. In Progress. Groundwater denitrification in riparian zones
Peg Pelletier. In Progress. Estuarine biogeochmeistry
5 Representative Publications
Jacinthe, P.A., P.M. Groffman and A.J. Gold. 2003. Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in a riparian aquifer: Effects
of hydrology and nitrate enrichment. Journal of Environmental Quality 32:1365-1375
Addy, K, D.Q. Kellogg, A.J. Gold, P.M. Groffman, Gina Ferendo and C. Sawyer. 2002. In situ push-pull method to
determine ground water denitrification in riparian zones. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1017-1024.
Gold, A.J., P.M. Groffman, K. Addy, D.Q. Kellogg, M. Stolt, and A.E. Rosenblatt. 2001. Landscape attributes as
controls on groundwater nitrate removal capacity of riparian zones. J. American Water Resources
Association. 37:1457-1464.
Rosenblatt, A.E., A.J. Gold, M.H. Stolt, P.M. Groffman and D.Q. Kellogg. 2001. Identification of riparian sinks for
watershed nitrate using soil surveys. J. Environ. Quality. 30:1596-1604.
Groffman, P.M., A.J. Gold and K. Addy. 2000. Nitrous oxide production in riparian zones and its importance to
national emission inventories. Chemosphere. 2:291-299.
Lawrence Juda
Professor of Marine Affairs and Political Science
Washburn Hall
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
telephone: (401) 874-4041; e-mail: [email protected]
Education
Ph.D., Columbia University, Political Science/International Relations, 1973
Appointments
1984-Present: Professor, Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island; duties include
teaching graduate courses in ocean governance, policy, and law
1980-1998, 2002-: Chairman, Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island
1999 (spring semester) Visiting Professor, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva,
Switzerland
1979-1984: Associate Professor of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island
Research/Teaching Areas:
• International and national ocean law, policy, institutions
• Ocean governance systems and their evolution
• International fisheries law and policy
Grant Support:
2001-2003 Dredging in a Changing Scientific and Regulatory Environment, URI, Transportation
Center, (with Richard Burroughs)
1999-2000 Large Marine Ecosystems, Resources Governance, NOAA
1998-2001 Sustaining Marine Ecosystems: The Human Dimension, Sea Grant, (with Jon Sutinen, et
al.)
1998-1999 Large Marine Ecosystems Governance, NOAA
1997-1998 Socio-economics and governance of large marine ecosystems, NOAA, (with Jon Sutinen,
et al.)
Five Representative Publications
“Changing National Approaches to Ocean Governance: the United States, Canada, and Australia,” 34
Ocean Development and International Law 161-187 (2003)
“Rio Plus Ten: The Evolution of International Marine Fisheries Governance,” 33 Ocean Development and
International Law 109-144 (2002)
“Basic Trends in the Evolving Law of the Sea and Their Implications for Ocean Use Management,” 14
Oceanography 17-22 (2001)
“Governance Profiles and the Management of the Uses of Large Marine Ecosystems,” 32 Ocean
Development and International Law 41-67 (2001) (co-author: Timothy Hennessey)
International Law and Ocean Use Management: The Evolution of Ocean Governance (London: Routledge,
1996) 345 pp.
Scott R. McWilliams
Associate Professor
Department of Natural Resources Science
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, RI 02881
Education
Hiram College, B.A. Psychobiology, 1980
Iowa State University, M.S. Animal Ecology, 1986
University of California at Davis, Ph.D. Ecology, 1993
Appointments
2003-Present: Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island
1998-2003: Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island; duties
include teaching, research on the physiological ecology of mostly birds and amphibians, and service.
1997: Faculty Associate, Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin at Madison; duties included
advising of undergraduates, training of graduate students, curriculum development and enhancement, sabbaticaland research-leave replacement for professors.
1994-1997: Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin at Madison; duties
included conducting original research on two projects: (a) digestive responses of passerine birds to increased
demand for food, and (b) nutritional ecology and physiology of goslings.
1994: Postdoctoral Associate, Section of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of
California at Davis; duties included conducting original research on the effects of goose grazing on species
composition and nutrient quality of wet meadow and pasture plants.
Research and Educational Interests-- My research focuses on the nutrition, physiology, ecology, and behavior of
threatened wild vertebrates, especially amphibians, waterfowl, and migratory songbirds. I teach senior and
graduate courses in Principles of Wildlife Ecology, Wildlife Research Techniques, and Physiological Ecology of
Wild Vertebrates.
Current Grant Support
NSF CAREER, $360,000, Phenotypic plasticity in physiological traits and environmental change.
USDA CREES, $120,000, Land management and the population dynamics, ecology, and physiology of migratory
songbirds in coastal southern New England.
US NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, $75,000, Disturbance effects on nesting piping plovers.
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE, $150,000, Nutritional ecology and physiology of goslings.
Ph.D. Students Mentored
Barbara Pierce, 2003. Nutritional physiology of migratory birds
Richard McKinney, In Progress. Avian ecology
David Podlesak, In Progress. Avian nutritional ecology
5 Representative Publications
McWilliams, S.R. and W.H. Karasov. 2001. Phenotypic flexibility in digestive system structure and function in
migratory birds and its ecological implications. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 128A:579-593.
Pierce, B.J. and S.R. McWilliams. 2003. Interactive effects of diet quality and food limitation on the dynamics of
body composition and digestive organs in a migratory bird. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology.
McWilliams, S.R. and J.O. Leafloor. 2004. Effects of elevated CO2 on keystone herbivores in Arctic ecosystems. In:
J. Ehleringer, T. Cerling, and D. Dearing (eds) A history of atmospheric CO2 and its effects on plants,
animals, and ecosystems. Springer-Verlag.
McWilliams, S.R. and W.H. Karasov. 2004. Migration takes guts: digestive physiology of migratory birds and its
ecological significance. In: P. Marra and R. Greenberg (eds) Birds of Two Worlds. Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington, D.C.
Karasov, W.H. and S. R. McWilliams. 2004. Digestive constraint in mammalian and avian ecology. In: J.M. Starck
and T. Wang (eds). Consequences of feeding in vertebrates. Science Publishers Inc., India.
Servello, F. E. C. Hellgren, and S. R. McWilliams. 2005. Techniques for wildlife nutrition research. In E. Braun, ed.
Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitat. The Wildlife Society, Washington, D.C.
Scott W. Nixon
Professor of Oceanography
Graduate School of Oceanography
University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI
Education:
B.A. (Biology) University of Delaware, 1965
Ph.D. (Botany-Ecology) University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 1970 (under Prof. H. T. Odum)
Research Interests:
The ecology of estuaries, bays, lagoons, marshes and other coastal ecosystems. My research is
focused on the fundamental processes that determine the primary and secondary productivity of
these environments, with particular emphasis on the importance of nutrient enrichment and other
forms of anthropogenic impact. The study of this general problem has required the use of
comparative and historical field data, autecological rate measurements, numerical simulation
modeling, and manipulative ecosystem-level experiments.
Recent Dissertations Under My Direction
Joaquin E. Chaves. 2004. Potential Use of 15N to Assess Nitrogen Sources and Fate iNarragansett
Bay.
Joanne C. Bintz. 2002. The Ecology and Morphology of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and its
Associated Macrophyte Community in Relation to Environmental Variables.
Mark J. Brush. 2002. Development of a Numerical Model for Shallow Marine Ecosystems With
Application to Greenwich Bay, R.I.
Blaine S. Kopp. 1999. Effects of Nitrate Fertilization and Shading on Physiological and
Biomechanical Properties of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.).
Hsing-Juh Lin. 1995. Responses of Epiphytes on Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) to Nutrient
Enrichment.
Richard Chinman. 1991. Phosphorus Dynamics in the Parker River Estuary.
Suzanne B. Bricker. 1990. The History of Metals Pollution in Narragansett Bay as Recorded by Salt
Marsh Sediments.
Veronica M. Berounsky. 1990. Rates of Nitrification and Their Importance to the Nitrogen Cycle of
Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island.
Patrick F. Roques. 1985. Rate and Stoichiometry of Nutrient Remineralization in an Anoxic Estuary,
the Pettaquamscutt River (Rhode Island, U.S.A.).
5 Representative Publications:
Nixon, S. W. 1995. Coastal marine eutrophication: A definition, social causes, and future concerns.
Ophelia 41:199-219.
Nixon, S. W., S. L. Granger, and B. L. Nowicki. 1995. An assessment of the annual mass balance
of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Narragansett Bay. Biogeochemistry 31:15-61.
Nixon, S. W. et al. 1996. The fate of nitrogen and phosphorus at the land-sea margin of the North
Atlantic Ocean. Biogeochemistry 35:141-180.
Nixon, S., B. Buckley, S. Granger, and J. Bintz. 2001. Responses of very shallow marine
ecosystems to nutrient enrichment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 7(5):1457-1481.
Nixon, S. W. and B. A. Buckley. 2002. A strikingly rich zone — nutrient enrichment and secondary
production in coastal marine ecosystems. Estuaries.
Peter W. C. Paton
Associate Professor
Department of Natural Resources
University of Rhode Island, Kingston
Academic History
Lewis and Clark College, B.S. Biology, 1978
Colorado State University, M.S. Wildlife Biology, 1985
Utah State University, Ph.D. Wildlife Biology, 1994
Professional History
1995-Present: Assistant Professor, Associate Professor (since 2001), Chair (starting 2004) . University of
Rhode Island, Kingston RI; duties include teaching Conservation Biology, Field Ornithology,
Wetland Wildlife Management, and Management of Migratory Birds, directing research for up to 6
graduate students, and service.
1994-1995: Research Scientist, Alaska Bird Observatory, Fairbanks, Alaska; duties include developing an
inventory and monitoring program for birds in Denali National Park.
1990-1994: Graduate Student, Utah State University; dissertation research focused on breeding ecology of
Snowy Plovers at Great Salt Lake.
1984-1990: Wildlife Biologist, Redwood Sciences Lab, Arcata, California; studied impact of logging on
vertebrates, including spotted owls and marbled Murrelets
Research, Outreach, and Educational Interests -- My research focuses the effects on human-altered
landscapes on vertebrate populations, with an emphasis on birds and amphibians. I teach junior/senior
and graduate courses in Field Ornithology, Wetland Wildlife Management, Conservation Biology, and
Management of Migratory Birds. My outreach focuses on working with local landowners to assess
biodiversity and develop management strategies to enhance biodiversity. Undergraduate and graduate
students in my lab work on grants funded by NSF, National Park Service, EPA, USFWS, state agencies,
and local non-government agencies.
Current Research Support
National Park Service: Inventory of avian community structure of 8 parks in the Northeast P. Paton
$100,000
USDANRI. Ecosystem-Economics of Rural Landscapes and Land Use Change S. Swallow and P. Paton
$165,000
U.S. EPA Star Grant Economics of Conserving Ecosystem Integrity with Residential Development around
Vernal Pools. S. Swallow and P. Paton. $245,000
U.S. Golf Association. Upland habitat use patterns by pond-breeding amphibians. $60,000
5 Representative Recent Publications
Paton, P.W.C. In press. A review of vertebrate community composition in seasonal forest pools of the
northeastern United States.. Wetlands Ecology and Management
Egan, R. S., and P.W. C. Paton. 2004. Within-pond parameters affecting oviposition by wood frogs and
spotted salamanders. Wetlands 24:1-13.
Paton, P.W.C., L. Gould, P. A. August, and A. Frost (editors). 2002. Ecology of Block Island. Rhode Island
Natural History Survey, Kingston RI. 300pp.
Crouch, W. and P.W.C. Paton. 2002. Assessing the use of call surveys to monitor breeding anurans in
Rhode Island. Journal of Herpetology 36:185-192.
Paton, P.W.C. and W. Crouch. 2002. Using phenology of pond-breeding amphibians to develop
conservation strategies. Conservation Biology 18:194-204.
Jon G. Sutinen
Professor, Environmental & Natural Resource Economics
Kingston Coastal Institute
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, RI 02881
Academic History
San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, B.S., Actuarial Science, 1964
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, M.A., Economics, 1971
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Ph.D., Economics, 1973
Professional History
1988-Present: Professor, Dept. of Environ. & Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island
1981-1988: Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Environ. & Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island
1976-1981: Asst. Professor, Dept. of Environ. & Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island
Other Activities
2003-04, Chair, Committee on Defining Best Available Science, National Research Council
2003-05, President, North American Association of Fisheries Economists
2001-03, Member, Ocean Studies Board, National Research Council
2001-03, Member, Committee on Atlantic Salmon in Maine, National Research Council
1998 – present, Co-chair, Social Science Advisory Committee, New England Fishery Management Council
1999 – present, Member, Enforcement Committee, New England Fishery Management Council
1982 – 1995, Editor, Marine Resource Economics
Current Research Support
2003-04. RI Sea Grant College Program. Laboratory Testbedding Transferable Fishing Allowance Policies and
Institutions: An Application to the Rhode Island Lobster Fishery. $158,000.
2003-05. RI Agric. Exper. Station. Experimental Analysis of the Political Economics of Fishery Governance.
$105,000.
2003-04. Saltonstall-Kennedy Grant Program. A Compliance Diagnostic for the Northeast Groundfish Fishery.
$50,000
2001-04. RI Sea Grant College Program. Transboundary Impacts of Fishing Activities along the Northeast
Continental Shelf. $122,300
Dissertations Directed
Samuel Bwalya. In Progress. Political Economics of Common Pool Resource Governance.
Reena Shaw. In Progress. A Compliance Diagnostic for the Northeast Groundfish Fishery.
Mark Soboil. 2004. Transboundary Impacts of Fishing Activities along the Northeast Continental Shelf.
Harold Upton. 2003. Economic Consequences of Protecting and Conserving Fish Habitat.
Juan Agar. 2000. Bioeconomic implications of modifying the selectivity properties of fishing gears.
5 Representative Publications:
Sutinen, J.G. and R.J. Johnston. 2003. Angling Management Organizations: Integrating the Recreational Sector
into Fishery Management. Marine Policy 27: 471-487 (November).
Holland, Daniel S., and Jon G. Sutinen. 2000. “Location Choice in New England Trawl Fisheries: Old Habits
Die Hard,’ Land Economics, 76(1): 133-149.
Sutinen, Jon G. 1999. ‘What Works Well and Why: Evidence from Fishery Management Experiences in OECD
Countries,’ ICES Journal of Marine Science, 56: 1051-1058.
Holland, D.S. and J.G. Sutinen. 1999. “An Empirical Model of Fleet Dynamics in New England Trawl
Fisheries.” Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 56:253-264.
Kuperan, K., and J. G. Sutinen. 1998. ‘Blue Water Crime: Legitimacy, Deterrence and Compliance in Fisheries,’
Law and Society Review 32(2):309-338.
Stephen K. Swallow
Professor, Environmental & Natural Resource Economics
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 USA
phone: 401-874-4589
email: [email protected]
Appointments
1999-Present: Professor; 1994-1999: Assoc. Professor; 1988-1994: Asst. Professor
Dept. of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island
Education
Duke University, Durham, NC, Ph.D., Resource Economics, 1988; M.S., Resource Economics, 1986
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, B.S., Wildlife Ecology and Natural Resources, 1982
Statement of Research and Educational Interests
Professor Swallow conducts research on economics of ecosystem management and environmental resource uses,
including valuation, dynamics of ecosystems in relation to human uses, decision-making integrating natural and
economic science, and the role of land use in ecosystem health and human welfare. Professor Swallow’s
primary interest is in integrating economics within conservation biology.
Professional Service and Honors
Editor (2004-2007), American Journal of Agricultural Economics
Director (1997-99), Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
Associate Editor (1994-96), Editorial Council (1992-93, 2001-02), Journal Environ. Econom. & Management
Research Scientist of the Year (1999), College of the Environment & Life Sciences, Univ. Rhode Island
Current Grant Support (selected from $3,000,000):
NSF/EPA STAR Grant, “Economics of Conserving Ecosystem Integrity with Residential Development around
Vernal Pools,” $200,000 (with P. Paton) 2002-2004
USDA/CSREES/National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program,
“Ecosystem-Economics of Rural Landscapes and Land Use Change,” $160,000 (with P. Paton) 2002-2004
“Do Amenity Values from Farm and Forest Increase with Decreasing Scarcity? Identifying Public Preference
Surprises for Policy Assessment,” $150,000 (with R. Johnston and C. Foster) 2003-2005
“Validating Best Forest Management Practices Around Vernal Pools: Amphibian Metapopulations and Public
Values,” $615,000 (with C. Anderson, K. Schnier, P. Paton, K. McGarigal, J. Opaluch) 2005-2007.
Dissertations Supervised
Three Experiments on Providing and Valuing Threshold Public Goods with Alternative Rebate Rules. M.A.
Spencer, 2002
Analyzing Public Preferences and Valuations for Forested Wetlands in Rhode Island. L.W. Newell, 2002.
Economics of Sustainable Resource Management in a Dynamic Optimization Framework, P.Talukdar, 1996
Interactions Between Wage Employment and Subsistence Lifestyle: Oil Development on the North Slope, Alaska.
U. Ganapathy, 1995.
5 Representative Publications:
Swallow, S.K., P. Talukdar, and D.N. Wear. 1997. Spatial and Temporal Specialization in Forest Ecosystem
Management under Sole Ownership. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 79(2):311-326.
R.J. Johnston, S.K. Swallow, and T.F. Weaver. 1999. Estimating Willingness to Pay and Resource Trade-offs
with Different Payment Mechanisms: An Evaluation of a Funding Guarantee for Watershed Management.
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 38(July):97-120.
Johnston, R.J., D.M. Bauer, S.K.Swallow. 2002. Spatial Factors and Stated Preference Values for Public Goods:
Considerations for Rural Land Use. Land Economics 78(4):481-500.
R.J. Johnston, S.K. Swallow, C.W. Allen, and L.A. Smith. 2002. Designing Multidimensional Environmental
Programs: Assessing Tradeoffs and Substitution in Watershed Management Plans. Water Resources
Research 38(7): IV1-13.
Bauer, D.M., N.E. Cyr, S.K. Swallow. 2004. Public Preferences for Compensatory Mitigation of Salt Marsh
Losses: A Contingent Choice of Alternatives. Conservation Biology 18(2):401-41
Timothy J. Tyrrell
Professor, Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
208 Coastal Institute
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, RI 02881
Education
University of South Florida, BS Mathematics, 1969
University of Tennessee, MA, Economics, 1977
Cornell University, Ph.D., Agricultural Economics, 1979
Appointments
1994-Present: Professor, Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
1978-1994: Assistant and Associate Professor, Department of Environmental and Natural
Resource Economics.
Recent Students
Andrada Pacheco (Toma), Ph.D, 2002,
Siripat Polwitoon, Ph.D. 2002
Gabriela Dobrot,, Ph.D., in progress
Recent Publications
Pacheco, Andrada and Timothy Tyrrell, “ Testing Spatial Patterns and Growth Spillover Effects
in Clusters of Cities”, Journal of Geographical Systems 4, 2002: 1:11.
Tyrrell, Timothy J. & Robert J. Johnston, “Estimating Regional Visitor Numbers,” Tourism
Analysis 7 (1), 2002, pp. 33-41.
Tyrrell, Timothy J. and Mark J. Okrant, “Importance-Performance Analysis: Some
Recommendations from an Economic Planning Perspective”, Tourism Analysis, Volume
9, Number 2, November 2003.
Johnston, Robert J., Stephen K. Swallow, Timothy J. Tyrrell, and Dana Marie Bauer, “Rural
Amenity Values and Length of Residency,” American Journal of Agricultural
Economics, November 2003, pp. 1000-15.
Tyrrell, Timothy J., Peter W. Williams, and Robert J. Johnston, "Estimating Sport Tourism
Visitor Volumes: The Case of Vancouver’s 2010 Olympic Games", Tourism Recreation
Research 29(1) 2004.
YEQIAO WANG
Associate Professor
Dept. of Natural Resources Science
University of Rhode Island
Kingston, RI 02881-0804
Academic History
University of Connecticut, Ph.D., Natural Resources Management & Engineering, 1995
University of Connecticut, M.Sc., Natural Resources Management & Engineering, 1992
Chinese Academy of Science, M.Sc., Remote Sensing & Mapping, 1987
Northeast Normal University, Physics/Geography, 1982
Professional History
1999-present: Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island
1995-1999: Assistant Professor, Program in Geography, Department of Anthropology, University of
Illinois at Chicago
1997-2000: Adjunct Environmental Scientist, Center for Environmental Restoration Systems, Energy
Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory (DOE)
1998-2003: Adjunct Research Associate, Environmental and Conservation Program, The Field Museum of
Natural History, Chicago
Other Activities
2004: Board of Directors: New England Region, American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing
2003-present: Chair Education, Employment, and Outreach Sub-Committee, Remote Sensing and
Applications Division, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Current Research Support
1999-2004: NASA (NAG5-8829), Multiple Innovative Models in Land Cover Change Study. $445,260
(PI).
2003-2005: NPS, Impacts of Land Cover Change on the National Parks of the Northeast Temperate
Network. $230,319 (PI).
2003-2005: NPS, Remote Sensing of Terrestrial and Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Fire Island National
Seashore: Towards Long-term Resource Management and Monitoring, $136,633 (PI).
2002-2004: Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Investigation of Forest Fuel Load in
the State of Rhode Island, $30,000 (PI).
2003-2005: NPS, Development of Salt Marsh Change Detection Protocol Using Remote Sensing and GIS,
$50,000 (PI).
Ph.D Students Directed
Yang, Jiansheng 2003. Remote Sensing Modeling of Land Surface Temperature
Wen, Yuming 2004. Spatial Diffusion Model for Simulation of Urban Land Cover Change
5 Representative Publications
Wang, Y. and K. Zhang, 2004. A SPLIT Model for Extraction of Subpixel Impervious Surface Information,
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 70(7): 821-828.
Wang, Y., A. Ngusaru, J. Tobey, V. Makota, G. Bonynge, J. Nugranad, M. Traber, L. Hale, and R. Bowen,
2003. Remote Sensing of Mangrove Change along the Tanzania Coast, Marine Geodesy, 26(1-2): 3548.
Wang, Y. and X. Zhang, 2001. Dynamic Modeling Approach to Simulating Socioeconomic Effects on
Landscape Change, Ecological Modelling, 140: 141-162.
Wang, Y. and D.K. Moskovits, 2001. Tracking Fragmentation of Natural Communities and Changes in
Land Cover: Applications of Landsat Data for Conservation in Chicago Wilderness, Conservation
Biology, 15(4): 1-9.
Wang, Y. and D.L. Civco, 1996. Three Artificial Neural Network Paradigms in Multisource Spatial Data
Land Cover Classification, Geographic Information Sciences, 1(2): 73-87.
James A. Yoder
Professor
Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island
Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882
Academic History
1970 B.A. Botany, DePauw University
1974/1979 M.S./Ph.D Oceanography, University of Rhode Island
Professional History
1978-1989: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
1986-1988: Visiting Senior Scientist, JPL, assigned to NASA HQ.
1989-: Graduate School of Oceanography, Univ. of Rhode Island, promoted to Professor in 1992.
Associate Dean for Academic Affairs: 1993-1998. Interim Dean 2000-2001.
2001-2004: IPA to NSF, Director, Division of Ocean Sciences.
Other Activities
2003-: Member, NASA’s Earth System Science and Applications Advisory Committee.
2000-2002 : President, The Oceanography Society (TOS).
Current Research Support
2001-2004
“Satellite studies of coupled biological and physical variability
in ocean margin waters of the Northwest Atlantic.”, $550K/3 years. NASA.
2001-2006
co-I with many others. “Partnership for Advancing Interdisciplinary Global
Models”, $2M/year for 5 years, NOPP.
Dissertations/Theses Directed (13 Ph.D and M.S.)
P. Bontempi, Ph.D. 2001, Remote sensing of bio-optical water types, phytoplankton seasonality,
and algal pigments in ocean margin waters.
S. Freeman, M.S. 2002, Spectral Vertical Attenuation Coefficients (Kd(λ)) In Narragansett Bay,
Rhode Island.
M. McFarland, M.S. 2002, Inherent optical properties of phytoplankton, colored dissolved
organic matter and non-algal particles in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island.
C. Mouw, MS. 2004, Primary production calculations in the mid-Atlantic Bight, including
effects of phytoplankton community size structure
D. Keith, Ph.D. 2004, Determination of chlorophyll a concentrations and in New Enland
estuarine waters using ocean color remote sensing from low-flying aircraft
5 Representative Publications
Schollaert, S.E., T. Rossby and J.A. Yoder. 2003. Gulf Stream cross-frontal exchange: possible
mechanisms to explain inter-annual variations in phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Slope Sea during the
SeaWiFS years. Deep-Sea Res. II. 51: 173-188.
Yoder, J.A. and M.A. Kennelly. 2003. Seasonal and ENSO Variability in Global Ocean
Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Derived from Four Years of SeaWiFS Measurements. Global
Biogeochemical Cycles, 17 (4), 1112.
Yoder, J.A., S.E. Schollaert and J.E. O’Reilly. 2002. Climatological phytoplankton chlorophyll
and sea-surface temperature patterns in continental shelf and slope waters off the Northeast U.S. coast.
Limnology and Oceanography 47:672-682.
Siegel, D.A., S. C. Doney, and J. A. Yoder. 2002. The North Atlantic spring
phytoplankton bloom and Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis, Science, 296: 730-733.
Uz, M., J.A. Yoder and V. Osychny. 2001. Global remotely sensed data supports nutrient
enhancement by eddies and planetary waves. Nature. 409: 597-600.
Section G. Facilities and Equipment
The facilities described below support rich and diverse portfolios of research projects in coastal ecosystem
management and governance and will be active venues for CIIP research and training.
The Policy Simulation Laboratory (SimLab) in the URI Department of Environmental and Natural Resource
Economics is a set of networked rooms that are designed to use emerging technologies, such as digital imagery and
virtual reality, to study decision processes and to help interested parties better visualize the consequences of policy
choices. This process is analogous to how modern militaries use war game technology, but is applied to peaceful
ends. The SimLab consists of a computer lab with 26 workstations, two small conference rooms, and a 125-seat
auditorium. What makes this facility unique is the close integration of the system components. All the rooms are
networked, have advanced audiovisual aids, and in-seat voting capabilities. Decision makers and members of the
public in different rooms can interact (electronically) in developing policies and assessing the impacts of their
decisions. The electronic equipment requested in the proposal will be used to enhance the computing architecture of
this facility.
The Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory (MERL) enclosures at the Graduate School of Oceanography
provide marine researchers with a unique ability to experiment with individual organisms and whole marine
ecosystems. The facilities consist of a laboratory building and an outdoor tank farm of 14 enclosures (mesocosms).
Each enclosure may have a 37-cm layer of sediment in the bottom, and contain13 m3 of overlying water, a water
column depth of 5 m, turbulence induced by means of a vertical plunger or horizontal mixers and a temperature held
to within 1-2oC of the adjacent bay. When set up in a configuration to simulate lower Narragansett Bay,
unmanipulated enclosures maintain healthy ecosystems for many months with properties which are similar to those
of nearby lower Narragansett Bay. The enclosures allow for replication of treatments and untreated controls. After
25 years of experience, the evidence supports the assertion that the systems simulate the chemical and biological
conditions in a coastal ecosystem. The YSI buoy and seabird sensors requested in the budget will be used to support
MERL research and training in Narragansett Bay ecology and monitoring.
The Laboratory for Terrestrial Remote Sensing (LTRS), directed by CIIP Faculty participant Dr. Y. Q. Wang, is
a state-of-the-technology remote sensing lab with full computing power from server computers, SUN workstations,
to high-end PCs. It also equipped with traditional photo interpretation facilities including a Digital Transfer Scope,
Topcon Mirror Stereoscopes, light tables and the accessories. The lab has a Trimble ProXR 12 Channel GPS
receiver and a Kodak 265 Field Imaging System that meet the requirements of ground-truthing and verification for
remote sensing data processing. The LTRS has hosted several projects funded by NASA, USDA, USAID, and
National Park Service.
The Environmental Data Center (EDC) is a geographic information system (GIS) laboratory in the URI
Department of Natural Resources Science, College of the Environment and Life Science (CELS). The mission of
the EDC is to support the use of contemporary tools of spatial data processing and electronic dissemination in the
analysis and distribution of environmental data. This is achieved through collaborative research with faculty in the
Department of Natural Resources Science and projects with agencies external to URI. The EDC is the center of
technical expertise in GIS for the state of Rhode Island. The Rhode Island Geographic Information Systems
(RIGIS) database is stored and distributed through the EDC. Major areas of research at the EDC are spatial data
modeling, ecological mapping, and data integration for environmental applications. The EDC infrastructure consists
of approximately 200 Gigabytes of on-line storage, multiple data and web servers, and numerous high-end PC
workstations. It is staffed by 12 research scientists and graduate students. Project PI August founded the EDC in
1985.
Coastal Institute on Narragansett Bay and the Coastal Institute in Kingston will be the venues for CIIP
meetings, symposia, lectures, and training. The facilities support two large auditoria (100 + capacity) and eight
meeting rooms accommodating groups from 10-50. The PolyCom videoconferencing equipment we propose to
purchase will electronically connect the CI meeting room venues to permit discussion and interaction between
participants at the two URI campuses (Kingston and Narragansett) without having to physically travel to one
location or another. This will open CIIP lectures to both campus communities.
URI Coastal Institute IGERT Project
Facilities Page 1
Section H. Letters of Support have been obtained from the following individuals:
Governor Donald Carcieri, Governor of Rhode Island. CIIP Fellows will have the
opportunity to work on many issues of science and policy relevance to the State. At
the bequest of the Governor, the Coastal Institute administers a number of projects
that integrate science and policy in the context of coastal watershed management.
Lincoln Chafee, United States Senate. CIIP Fellows will have the opportunity to work
with Senator Chafee's staff on pressing environmental issues in RI, the region, and
nation. Senator Chafee has been an active champion of coastal and estuarine
conservation programs.
J. Joseph Garrahy, Former Governor and Chair of the RI Bays, Rivers, and Watersheds
Coordination Team. CIIP Fellows will work on policy issues (e.g., Nutrients in
Narragansett Bay, Bay Planning, Bay-based Economic Development, Fisheries) the
Coordination Team is addressing. The Coordination Team reports to the Governor
and General Assembly of RI
Frederick Vincent, Chief, RI Department of Environmental Management. The RI DEM
is a rich venue for CIIP internships and white paper topics.
Jonathan Garber, Director of the EPA Atlantic Ecology Division Research Lab. The
EPA lab adjacent the URI campus is a productive setting for research in applied
coastal ecology. It will be an important venue for internships and the summer field
course.
Deborah French McKay, Senior Scientist, Applied Science Associates. ASA, a local
coastal science consulting firm, specializes on a number of important issues that
straddle science and policy. These include environmental emergency response, oil
spill modeling, hydrological modeling, environmental emergency damage
assessment. ASA has agreed to host CIIP Fellows for white paper and internship
assignments.
Peter Groffman, Senior Scientist, Institute for Ecosystem Studies (IES). Dr. Groffman
is a PI on the NSF urban ecology (Baltimore) LTER project and a research scientist
on the Hubbard Brook LTER. He is also an adjunct faculty member in the URI
Department of Natural Resources Science. These two LTER sites will be destinations
for the CIIP summer field course. Groffman will also serve as liaison for students
wishing to pursue white paper, internship, or research opportunities at IES or the
LTER programs.
Janett Trubatch, Vice Provost for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Rhode
Island. Dr. Trubatch is providing the letter of support by the host institution.
Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Box AB (65 Sharon Turnpike)
Millbrook, New York 12545-0129
Telephone 845-677-5343
FAX 845-677-5976
E-mail: [email protected]
Scientist
Peter M. Groffman, Ph.D.
October 13, 2004
Dr. Peter August
Coastal Institute
Bay Campus
University of Rhode Island
Narragansett, RI 02882
Dear Pete,
I am delighted to work with you and your team on the Coastal Institute IGERT Project (CIIP). My
research projects here at IES and at the NSF funded long-term ecological research (LTER) sites in
Baltimore and Hubbard Brook represent some potentially useful opportunities for the CIIP. My work
has a strong focus on developing the scientific basis for rational decision-making and resource
management; exactly the theme you have adopted in your IGERT proposal. I look forward to working
with your team in the following ways:
•
I would be glad to participate in the proposed CIIP Fall Colloquium, and would welcome the
opportunity to lead discussions on how science and society interact, based on the lessons we have
learned in the Baltimore Urban LTER.
•
It would be great to bring students in the summer science practicum to visit IES and the Baltimore
and Hubbard Brook LTER sites. The students would get to see a lot of watershed and ecosystembased science that has strong links to policy and environmental management.
•
My LTER and the IES work could be a useful setting for the extended internships that are an
important and novel aspect of your CIIP curriculum. Many of our complex research and policy
issues might be excellent topics for the student White Papers.
I wish you every success with your proposal. As an adjunct faculty member of the University of Rhode
Island (URI) for almost two decades, I have taken great pride in the unique strengths of URI graduate
training in environmental science and management. The CIIP would set a new standard for graduate
education in coastal ecosystems on a national level, and it would be great for URI. I look forward to
being part of it.
Sincerely,
Peter M. Groffman
Scientist