Student Guide 5091 Geography Unit 1
Student Guide 5091 Geography Unit 1 Excelsior 5091 - Geography Unit 1 - Assignments Date Day www.excelsior.com Daily Assignment 1 Read Chapter 1, Section 1 "Themes and Essential elements", pages 2-8 in your textbook. Complete Guided Reading Strategies 1.1 on Day 1 of your Packet. 2 Read Chapter 1, Section 1 "Themes and Essential elements", pages 2-8 in your textbook. Complete Main Ideas Activities 1.1 on Day 2 of your Packet. 3 Read Chapter 1, Section 2 "Using the Geographer's Tools", pages 9-19 in your textbook. Complete Guided Reading Strategies 1.2 on Day 3 of your Packet. 4 Read Chapter 1, Section 2 "Using the Geographer's Tools", pages 9-19 in your textbook. Complete Main Ideas Activities1.2 on Day 4 of your Packet. 5 Complete the Day 5 quiz in your packet. 6 Read Chapter 2, Section 1 "The Solar System", pages 25-28 in your textbook. Complete Guided Reading Strategies 2.1 and the "Main Ideas activities" on day 6 of your Packet. 7 Read Chapter 2, Section 2 "Earth-Sun Relationships", pages 29-31 in your textbook. Complete Guided Reading Strategies 2.2 and the "Main Ideas activities" on day 7 of your Packet. 8 Read Chapter 2, Section 3 "The Earth System", pages 35-37 in your textbook. Complete Guided Reading Strategies 2.3 and the "Main Ideas activities" on day 8 of your Packet. 9 Read Chapter 2, Section 3 "The Earth System", pages 35-37 in your textbook. Complete the "Main Ideas activities" on day 9 of your Packet. 10 Complete the Day 10 quiz in your packet. 11 Read Chapter 3, Section 1 "Factors Affecting Climate", pages 41-45 in your textbook. Complete Guided Reading Strategies 3.1 and the "Main Ideas activities" on day 11 of your Packet. 12 Read Chapter 3, Section 2 "Weather Factors", pages 46-49 in your textbook. Complete Guided Reading Strategies 3.2 and the "Main Ideas activities" on day 12 of your Packet. 13 Read Chapter 3, Section 3 "Climate and Vegetation Patterns", pages 50-57 in your textbook. Complete Guided Reading Strategies 3.3 on day 13 of your Packet. 14 Read Chapter 3, Section 3 "Climate and Vegetation Patterns", pages 50-57 in your textbook. Complete "Main Ideas activities" on day 14 of your Packet. 15 Complete the Day 15 quiz in your packet. 16 Review the 1-15 lessons and take unit test 17 Review the 1-15 lessons and take unit test Day 1 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Class 1 Student Guide Date Guided Reading Strategies 1.1 Studying Geography READING THE SECTION As you read the section, complete the chart below by identifying and describing geography’s six essential elements. Essential Element: Description: Essential Element: Description: Essential Element: Description: Essential Element: Description: Essential Element: Description: Essential Element: Description: POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, discuss some of the organizations and companies in which geographers work. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 1 of 23 Guided Reading Strategies Day 2 Geography Unit 1 Name Student Guide Class CHAPTER 1 Date Main Idea Activities 1.1 Studying Geography VOCABULARY Some terms to understand: • diversity (4): variety • forecast (5): predict • complex (6): complicated; made up of many parts • suburbs (6): residential areas on the outskirts of cities or large towns • revived (6): brought back to life; restored • perceive (7): view; see ORGANIZING INFORMATION Use the following items to complete the chart below. • Physical Systems • Place • Human Systems • Environment and Society • Region • Places and Regions Five Themes of Geography • The Uses of Geography • Location • Human-Environment Interaction • The World in Spatial Terms • Movement Six Essential Elements of Geography • • • • • • • • • • • EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false. _____ 1. Geographers study everything from rocks and rainfall to people and places. _____ 2. Geographers use a spatial perspective to study the world. _____ 3. Geography has two branches—people geography and places geography. _____ 4. Earth’s natural environments include landforms, water features, and soil. _____ 5. People all over the world use geography every day. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 2 of 23 Main Idea Activities Day 2 Geography Unit 1 Name Student Guide Class Date Chapter 1 Main Idea Activities 1.1, continued _____ 6. Most cartographers do not use computers to make maps. _____ 7. Cartographers forecast the weather so we will know what to expect. _____ 8. The United States Geological Survey employs many cartographers. _____ 9. Regions are always very large areas. _____10. A formal region has one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas. _____11. “Back home” is a functional region for most people. _____12. Geographers use the six essential elements of geography to organize information. REVIEWING FACTS Choose the correct items from the following list to complete the statements below. cartography functional region meteorology landscape geography region perceptual region perception perspective 1. is the study of everything on Earth. 2. The way a person looks at something is called that person’s . 3. A(n) human, and cultural features. is the scenery of a place, including its physical, 4. The study of maps and mapmaking is known as 5. One subfield of geography is . , the study of weather. 6. A(n) is an area with one or more common features that make it different from surrounding areas. 7. A(n) together and function as a unit. 8. Human environment around us. is made up of different places that are linked is our awareness and understanding of the 9. A region that reflects human feelings and attitudes is known as a(n) . Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 3 of 23 Main Idea Activities Day 3 Geography Unit 1 Name Student Guide Class CHAPTER 1 Date Guided Reading Strategies 1.2 Studying Geography READING THE SECTION As you read the section, write the correct term next to its description. Choose your answers from the list below. map projections climate graph topography continents hemispheres precipitation longitude compass rose parallels equator legend prime meridian ______________________ 1. Grid lines that are drawn in a north-south direction ______________________ 2. Imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between Earth’s North Pole and South Pole ______________________ 3. The two halves of the globe ______________________ 4. Earth’s seven large landmasses ______________________ 5. Different ways of presenting the round Earth on flat maps ______________________ 6. Lines of latitude ______________________ 7. Imaginary line drawn from the North Pole through Greenwich, England, to the South Pole ______________________ 8. Has arrows that point to all four principal directions ______________________ 9. Identifies the symbols on a map and what they represent ______________________ 10. Condensed droplets of water that fall as rain, snow, sleet, or hail ______________________ 11. Elevation, layout, and shapes of the land ______________________ 12. Shows the average temperatures and precipitation in a place POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, identify the three types of map projections that mapmakers use. 1. Map Projection: _______________________________________________________ 2. Map Projection: _______________________________________________________ 3. Map Projection: _______________________________________________________ Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 4 of 23 Guided Reading Strategies Day 4 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Student Guide Class 1 Date Main Idea Activities 1.2 Studying Geography VOCABULARY Some terms to understand: • intersection (9): place at which two lines meet • organize (10): establish order in; arrange • landmasses (10): large areas of land • distortion (11): lack of a true or accurate shape or representation • navigators (11): people whose job it is to plot and follow a course to get from place to place • retains (12): keeps; maintains; preserves • elements (14): parts; components; features; facets CLASSIFYING INFORMATION For each of the following, write the letter of the correct choice in the space provided. _____ 1. This map shows borders, cities, countries, and states. a. precipitation map b. economic map _____ 2. This map shows mountains, rivers, and other bodies of water. c. political map _____ 3. This map shows various climate regions. d. contour map _____ 4. This map shows the average amount of rain, snow, hail, or sleet that an area gets each year. e. physical map f. topographic map _____ 5. This map shows where the people of an area live. _____ 6. This map shows an area’s important natural resources. g. population map h. climate map _____ 7. This map shows the elevation, layout, and shape of the land. _____ 8. This map uses contour lines to connect points of equal elevation above or below sea level. EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false. _____ 1. Lines of longitude are drawn in an east-west direction. _____ 2. The equator is an imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between Earth’s North Pole and South Pole. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 5 of 23 Main Idea Activities Geography Unit 1 Day 4 Name Class Student Guide Date Chapter 1 Main Idea Activities 1.2, continued _____ 3. The equator divides the globe into six hemispheres. _____ 4. The smallest continent on Earth is North America. _____ 5. Greenland is the largest island in the world. _____ 6. Because Earth is round, all flat maps have some distortion. _____ 7. A flat-plane projection is useful for showing true direction. _____ 8. Drawing a straight line on a flat map will show the shortest route between two places. _____ 9. A map’s legend identifies the symbols on a map and what they represent. _____10. There are 50 contiguous states in the United States. _____11. Some early European mapmakers placed sea monsters at the edges of their maps. _____12. The term topography refers to condensed droplets of water that fall as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. _____13. An elevation profile shows a side view of a place or area. _____14. A population pyramid shows the percentages of males and females by age group in a country’s population. UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS For each of the following, write the letter of the best choice in the space provided. _____ 1. Lines of latitude are a. drawn in a north-south direction. b. also called meridians. c. used on globes but not on maps. d. drawn in an east-west direction. _____ 2. How many continents are there on Earth? a. 2 b. 5 c. 7 d. 11 _____ 3. A Mercator map is a a. cylindrical projection. b. great-circle route projection. c. conic projection. d. flat-plane projection. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 6 of 23 Main Idea Activities Day 5 Geography Unit 1 Student Guide Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ Geography, Unit 1, Day 5 quiz Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. ____ 1. A region is the scenery of a place, including its physical, human, and cultural features. _________________________ ____ 2. Human and physical geography is linked by the interaction of people with their environment. _________________________ ____ 3. The prime meridian is an imaginary line that marks the 0 point for lines of longitude. _________________________ ____ 4. There are six continents on Earth. _________________________ ____ 5. The world's largest geographic feature is Asia. _________________________ Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. landscape g. b. topography h. c. meteorology i. j. d. functional region e. formal region k. f. latitude l. atlas longitude perspective cartography contiguous degree ____ 6. the study of weather ____ 7. the Great Lakes ____ 8. lines drawn on the globe to measure distance east and west of the prime meridian ____ 9. a collection of maps in a book ____ 10. the physical, human, and cultural features of a place ____ 11. the elevation, layout, and shape of the land ____ 12. the airports of the United States ____ 13. the unit of measurement for distance between parallels or meridians Page 7 of 23 Geography Unit 1 Day 5 Student Guide Name: ________________________ ____ 14. when all the territories within a country are physically connected ____ 15. the way a person looks at something Short Answer 16. Degrees are subdivided into ____. 17. Describe an give examples of a functional region? 18. How people use natural resources is an important component of the essential element of ____. 19. The essential element of the world in spatial terms is similar to the theme of ____. 20. ____ is another word for longitude. 21. Name the smallest ocean. 22. Earth is divided into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres by the prime meridian and the ____. 23. What is the world’s largest island? 24. Lines of latitude measure the distance north and south of the ____. 25. ____ is not a part of the contiguous United States. 26. What are contour lines? 27. What kinds of information can be obtained from economic maps? 28. What are the five themes of geography? 29. What are the six essential elements in geography? Page 8 of 23 Geography Unit 1 Day 5 Student Guide Name: ________________________ Average Precipitation and Rainfall for Selected Cities in the United States Average Average Average Average Rainfall City Temperature Temperature Rainfall June January January (°F) June (°F) (inches) (inches) Sacramento, CA 45 70 60 5 Kansas City, KA 28 75 12 51 Washington, DC 30 70 29 38 30. Use the above table and determine which city has the most constant climate? Why? Page 9 of 23 Day 6 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Class 2 Student Guide Date Guided Reading Strategies 2.1 Earth in Space READING THE SECTION As you read the section, complete the following outline by supplying the main idea and the missing subtopics and supporting details. The Solar System Main Idea: ______________________________________________________________ Topic I: Planets are major bodies that orbit a star. Detail A: There are four inner and five outer planets in the solar system. Detail B: ____________________________________________________________ Topic II: ________________________________________________________________ Detail A: The diameter of the Sun is more than 100 times greater than that of Earth. Detail B: ____________________________________________________________ Detail C: The Moon is about 240,000 miles from Earth and is about one fourth of Earth’s size. Topic III: Rotation, revolution, and tilt affect the amount of solar energy received at different locations on Earth. Detail A: A rotation, which takes 24 hours, is one complete spin of Earth on its axis. Detail B: ____________________________________________________________ Detail C: ____________________________________________________________ POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, identify the four inner planets and the five outer planets in the solar system. 1. Inner Planets: _________________________________________________________ 2. Outer Planets: _________________________________________________________ Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 10 of 23 Guided Reading Strategies Day 7 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Student Guide Class 2 Date Guided Reading Strategies 2.2 Earth in Space READING THE SECTION As you read the section, examine each of the pairs of statements below. Circle the letter of the statement in each pair that is true. 1. a. The polar regions receive the most solar energy throughout the year. b. The tropics receive the most solar energy throughout the year. 2. a. When the North Pole points toward the Sun, direct rays strike the Southern Hemisphere. b. When the North Pole points toward the Sun, direct rays strike the Northern Hemisphere. 3. a. There are four general seasons: winter, spring, summer, and fall. b. There are five general seasons: winter, spring, summer, fall, and autumn. 4. a. The tilt of Earth’s axis causes the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to have the same seasons at the same time of the year. b. The tilt of Earth’s axis causes the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to have opposite seasons at the same time of the year. 5. a. Solstices occur each year about December 21 and June 21. b. Solstices occur each year about March 21 and September 22. 6. a. The Tropic of Capricorn is the parallel located 23 1/2 degrees south of the equator. b. The Tropic of Capricorn is the parallel located 23 1/2 degrees north of the equator. 7. a. All areas located south of the Antarctic Circle have 24 hours of darkness. b. All areas located south of the Antarctic Circle have 24 hours of daylight. 8. a. The Arctic Circle is located 66 1/2 degrees north of the equator. b. The Arctic Circle is located 66 1/2 degrees south of the equator. 9. a. During a solstice, both hemispheres receive 12 hours of daylight. b. During an equinox, both hemispheres receive 12 hours of daylight. POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, describe the location and general weather pattern of each latitude shown below. 1. Low-Latitude Areas—Location: ___________________________________________ Weather: _____________________________________________________________ 2. High-Latitude Areas—Location: __________________________________________ Weather: _____________________________________________________________ 3. Middle-Latitude Areas—Location: _________________________________________ Weather: _____________________________________________________________ Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 11 of 23 Guided Reading Strategies Day 8 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Class 2 Student Guide Date Guided Reading Strategies 2.3 Earth in Space READING THE SECTION As you read the section, examine the descriptions of the Earth system below. For each description, place a check mark in the box next to the part of the Earth system being described. 1. The solid crust of the planet ❑ Atmosphere ❑ Lithosphere ❑ Hydrosphere ❑ Biosphere 2. Includes all life forms, both plants and animals ❑ Atmosphere ❑ Lithosphere ❑ Hydrosphere ❑ Biosphere 3. The envelope of gases that surrounds Earth ❑ Atmosphere ❑ Lithosphere ❑ Hydrosphere ❑ Biosphere 4. All of Earth’s water ❑ Atmosphere ❑ Lithosphere ❑ Hydrosphere ❑ Biosphere 5. Includes land and soil ❑ Atmosphere ❑ Lithosphere ❑ Hydrosphere ❑ Biosphere 6. Extends from deep ocean floors to high in the atmosphere ❑ Atmosphere ❑ Lithosphere ❑ Hydrosphere ❑ Biosphere 7. Protects Earth from the Sun’s harmful radiation ❑ Atmosphere ❑ Lithosphere ❑ Hydrosphere ❑ Biosphere 8. Covers about 70 percent of Earth’s surface ❑ Atmosphere ❑ Lithosphere ❑ Biosphere ❑ Hydrosphere POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, explain how individuals can influence decision making on environmental issues. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 12 of 23 Guided Reading Strategies Day 9 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Student Guide Class 2 Date Main Idea Activities 2.3 Earth in Space VOCABULARY Some terms to understand: • complex (34): complicated • decayed (34): rotten; decomposed • global (34): worldwide • convert (34): change; adapt; modify; alter • sustain (35): support; nurture; nourish • glaciers (35): large, slow-moving sheets or rivers of ice • essential (35): necessary; important; fundamental; key • spawn (36): reproduce; produce new life • resolve (36): solve; untangle; come to a satisfactory conclusion CLASSIFYING INFORMATION For each of the following, write the letter of the correct choice in the space provided. Answers may be used more than once. _____ 1. Includes all life forms a. atmosphere _____ 2. All of Earth’s water b. lithosphere _____ 3. Solid crust of Earth c. hydrosphere _____ 4. Envelope of gases that surrounds Earth d. biosphere _____ 5. Overlaps the other three spheres _____ 6. Protects Earth from the Sun’s harmful radiation _____ 7. Covers about 70 percent of Earth’s surface _____ 8. Includes land and soil _____ 9. Found in liquid, solid, and gaseous forms _____10. Extends from deep ocean floors to high in the atmosphere _____11. Least dense and outermost sphere _____12. Forms Earth’s continents, islands, and ocean floors Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 13 of 23 Main Idea Activities Geography Unit 1 Name Day 9 Class Student Guide Date Chapter 2 Main Idea Activities 2.3, continued EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false. _____ 1. The Earth system is a group of different parts that interact to form a whole. _____ 2. People are not considered part of the Earth system. _____ 3. The actions that people take affect every part of the Earth system. _____ 4. Each part of the Earth system is called a “sphere” because it occupies a shell around Earth. _____ 5. The atmosphere is held around Earth by the planet’s gravity. _____ 6. Earth’s atmosphere contains about 78 percent oxygen and 21 percent nitrogen. _____ 7. Solid water, or ice, is found on both land and sea. _____ 8. Large amounts of ice are locked up in glaciers in the tropics. _____ 9. All of the planets in the solar system have large amounts of surface water. _____10. The biosphere includes all plants and animals. _____11. The environment includes all the biological, chemical, and physical conditions that interact and affect life. _____12. The planet Mars has the most complex environment in our solar system. _____13. No planets outside our solar system have been found. _____14. Individuals and groups can affect decision making on environment issues by lobbying, making legal challenges to planned developments, or trying to force a vote on the issue. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 14 of 23 Main Idea Activities Day 10 Geography Unit 1 Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ Geography Unit 1 Day 10 Quiz Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. moons g. b. tropics h. c. atmosphere i. j. d. rotation e. polar region k. f. planets l. equinox biosphere revolution solstice hydrosphere system ____ 1. major bodies that orbit a star ____ 2. time at which Earth's poles point at the greatest angle away from or toward the Sun ____ 3. a group of different parts that interact to form a whole ____ 4. one elliptical orbit of Earth around the Sun ____ 5. the part of Earth that includes all life ____ 6. occurs when both hemispheres receive an equal amount of sunlight ____ 7. smaller objects that orbit a planet ____ 8. all of Earth's water ____ 9. warm low-latitude areas near the equator ____ 10. the envelope of gases that surround Earth Short Answer 11. Which planet does not have an atmosphere and lithosphere? 12. The Moon orbits Earth every ____. 13. Most stars are grouped together in huge bodies called ____. 14. Which area of Earth receives the most solar energy in a year? 15. Which of the following planets is not terrestrial? Page 15 of 23 Student Guide Day 10 Geography Unit 1 Student Guide Name: ________________________ 16. The shape of Earth's orbit is ____. 17. Which planet has more moons than Earth? 18. On which day does the Sun never set on the Arctic Circle? 19. On a ____, there are equal periods of daylight and darkness. 20. What is at the center of the solar system? 21. What are the main bodies that make up the solar system? 22. How do rotation and revolution affect Earth? 23. How are solstices and equinoxes different? 24. Why are the planets visible? 25. Why are the seasons at opposite times of the year in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres? 26. What is Earth's position within the solar system? 27. Why does the area north of the Arctic Circle receive no sunlight during the winter solstice? 28. Describe the three factors that affect how much solar energy is received by various places on Earth. 29. How are Earth's spheres different from each other? Essay 30. How does each sphere of the environment affect the other? Page 16 of 23 Day 11 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Student Guide Class 3 Date Guided Reading Strategies 3.1 Weather and Climate READING THE SECTION As you read the section, circle the boldface word or phrase that best completes each statement below. 1. Weather / Climate is the condition of the atmosphere at a given time and place. 2. The measurement of heat is called temperature / global warming. 3. The term lighthouse effect / greenhouse effect refers to the process by which Earth’s atmosphere traps heat energy. 4. At very high altitudes the air is too thin / thick for humans to breathe. 5. All centers of low pressure are called doldrums / cyclones. 6. Wind is the horizontal / vertical flow of air. 7. Wind always flows from high / low pressure areas to high / low pressure areas. 8. A front occurs when two air masses of the same / widely different temperatures or moisture levels meet. 9. Water / Land heats and cools more slowly than water / land. 10. Ocean currents move counterclockwise / clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, identify the four major air pressure zones. 1. Air Pressure Zone: _____________________________________________________ 2. Air Pressure Zone: _____________________________________________________ 3. Air Pressure Zone: _____________________________________________________ 4. Air Pressure Zone: _____________________________________________________ Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 17 of 23 Guided Reading Strategies Day 12 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Class 3 Student Guide Date Guided Reading Strategies 3.2 Weather and Climate READING THE SECTION As you read the section, answer each of the following questions in the space provided. 1. What do we call the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas? 2. What is the term for the amount of water vapor in the air? _____________________ 3. What is condensation? __________________________________________________ 4. What are the four common forms of precipitation? ___________________________ 5. What happens when moist air pushes against a mountain? _____________________ 6. What do we call the side of the mountain facing away from the wind? 7. What two terms are used to describe storms that move from west to east in the middle latitudes, pushed by the jet stream flow? ______________________________ 8. What twisting spirals of air destroy almost anything in their path? 9. What country experiences more tornadoes than any other country? 10. What is the most powerful and destructive tropical cyclone? ____________________ POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, explain how weather satellites help people live safely in areas hit by hurricanes. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 18 of 23 Guided Reading Strategies Day 13 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Class 3 Student Guide Date Guided Reading Strategies 3.3 Weather and Climate READING THE SECTION As you read the section, match each description in the left column with the correct climate in the right column. Write the letter of the climate in the space provided. ______ 1. Found in areas close to the equator a. arid ______ 2. Sometimes called the tropical savanna climate b. marine west coast ______ 3. Centered about 30 degrees north and south of the equator c. highland ______ 4. Transition zone between arid climate and more humid climates ______ 5. Found along coastal areas of southern Europe and along west coasts of continents with cool ocean currents ______ 6. Found on the eastern side of continents where there are warm ocean currents ______ 7. Found on the west coasts of continents in the upper middle latitudes d. semiarid e. subarctic f. tropical humid g. humid subtropical h. ice cap i. humid continental j. Mediterranean k. tundra ______ 8. Has the most changeable weather conditions l. tropical wet and dry ______ 9. Located generally above 50° north latitude ______10. Produces permafrost ______11. Found in Earth’s polar regions ______12. Can have varying climates because of changes in elevation POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, in the space provided, explain what an ecosystem is. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 19 of 23 Guided Reading Strategies Day 14 Geography Unit 1 Name CHAPTER Student Guide Class 3 Date Main Idea Activities 3.3 Weather and Climate VOCABULARY Some terms to understand: • ideal (51): perfect • thrive (51): prosper; flourish; succeed • interior (54): inside; inner part • hardy (54): strong; rugged; tough; able to survive under harsh conditions • annual (56): yearly • seep (56): ooze; leak; trickle; drain CLASSIFYING INFORMATION For each of the following, write the letter of the correct climate type in the space provided. _____ 1. Found in areas close to the equator a. ice cap _____ 2. Sometimes called the tropical savanna climate b. highland _____ 3. Centered about 30 degrees north and south of the equator c. marine west coast _____ 4. Transition zone between arid climate and more humid climates _____ 5. Found along coastal areas of southern Europe and along west coasts of continents with cool ocean currents _____ 6. Found on the eastern side of continents where there are warm ocean currents _____ 7. Found on the west coasts of continents in upper middle latitudes d. arid e. humid subtropical f. tropical wet and dry g. tundra h. semiarid i. humid continental j. Mediterranean k. subarctic _____ 8. Has the most changeable weather conditions l. tropical humid _____ 9. Located generally above 50° north latitude _____10. Produces permafrost _____11. Found in Earth’s polar regions _____12. Can have varying climates because of changes in elevation Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 20 of 23 Main Idea Activities Day 14 Geography Unit 1 Name Student Guide Class Date Chapter 3 Main Idea Activities 3.3, continued REVIEWING FACTS Choose the correct items from the following list to complete the statements below. arid monsoon savanna coniferous ecosystem deciduous 1. A(n) an area. is the community of plants and animals living in 2. The wind system in which winds completely reverse direction and cause seasons of wet and dry weather is called the 3. A(n) and shrubs. 4. The term . is an area of tropical grasslands, scattered trees, mean “dry.” 5. The trees in a(n) the year. 6. In a(n) forest lose their leaves during part of forest, the trees remain green all year. EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false. _____ 1. An ecosystem includes nonliving parts of the environment, such as soil. _____ 2. Tropical humid regions always have very cold weather. _____ 3. The tropical wet and dry climate supports savannas. _____ 4. Plants and animals in arid climate regions must be hardy. _____ 5. The Mediterranean climate is much more widespread than the humid subtropical climate. _____ 6. Temperatures in marine west coast climate areas are hot all year. _____ 7. The humid continental climate has four distinct seasons. _____ 8. The subarctic climate is found only around the North and South Poles. _____ 9. Tundra vegetation is made up of lichens, mosses, herbs, and low shrubs. _____10. Most of Greenland is covered by green grass and tall trees. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt World Geography Today Page 21 of 23 Main Idea Activities Day 15 Geography Unit 1 Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ Geography Unit 1 Quiz 3 Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. cyclone g. b. front h. c. global warming i. j. d. permafrost e. orographic effect k. f. rain shadow l. typhoons humidity arid ecosystems condensation climate ____ 1. powerful rotating storms in the western Pacific Ocean ____ 2. dry ____ 3. the amount of water vapor in the air ____ 4. the leeward side of a mountain ____ 5. the meeting of two air masses of widely different temperatures or moisture levels ____ 6. the increasing temperature of Earth over the last few decades ____ 7. the weather conditions in a geographic area over a long period of time ____ 8. any center of low pressure ____ 9. soil that remains frozen year round ____ 10. a community of living and nonliving organisms Short Answer 11. Where are the most diverse ecosystems found? 12. Most temperate climates are located _____. 13. Areas of tropical grasslands, scattered trees, and shrubs are called _____. 14. Which of the following can cause air pressure to decrease? 15. Where are the doldrums located? Page 22 of 23 Student Guide Day 15 Geography Unit 1 Name: ________________________ 16. The Mediterranean climate receives the most rainfall in which season? 17. List four forms of condensation. 18. List four forms of precipitation. 19. What factors create storms? 20. Why are climates grouped by latitude? 21. How is the greenhouse effect affected by temperature? 22. How do oceans affect weather and climate? 23. Where are most tropical climates located? 24. How do mountain ranges affect climate? 25. How does Earth's atmosphere keep it warm? 26. What factors create dry weather conditions in arid regions? 27. How do the two tropical climates differ? 28. Why do no trees grow in tundra climate areas? 29. How is wind direction related to variations in air pressure? 30. Describe the characteristics of high-latitude climates. Page 23 of 23 Student Guide
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