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Dynamics of Heat, Salt, Nutrients, and Plankton in the Coastal Ocean
Title:
Proponent(s): Heidi Sosik, Oscar Schofield, Jim Edson, Al Hanson, Bill Boicourt, Jeff Hanson
Keywords:
(5 or less)
Biological Oceanography, Coastal Processes, Biophysical Interactions, Instrumentation,
Earth Sciences
Area:
Mid Atlantic Bight
Contact Information:
Contact Person: John Trowbridge
Department: Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering
Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Address Woods Hole, MA 02543
Tel.: 508-289-2296
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax:
508-457-2194
Permission to post abstract on ORION Web site:
✔
Yes
No
Abstract: (400 words or less)
The goal of the proposed project is to understand the fundamental coupling between physical processes, nutrient
pathways, and distributions of plankton in the coastal ocean. Better understanding of plankton dynamics is critical for
addressing a wide range of scientifically and societally important problems, including fisheries management, nutrient
loading, harmful algal blooms, and hypoxia. Despite longstanding scientific interest, progress in understanding coupled
biological and physical processes in coastal systems has been slow, because conventional observational and analysis
techniques are inadequate. However, enormous advances are now possible, because new sampling platforms, sensors,
and modeling techniques have matured to the point that they are ready for routine and sustained scientific application.
To characterize shelf-wide patterns of variability in biological, chemical, and physical properties on timescales ranging
from weekly to interannual, a study that combines sustained observations and numerical simulations of the Middle Atlantic
Bight (MAB) is proposed. The specific research objectives are to understand (1) the pathways that provide nutrients for
phytoplankton growth, (2) the processes that control stratification, and (3) the role of advection in redistributing nutrients and
plankton. The processes of interest include coastal upwelling, wind-driven mixing, surface heating, freshwater influx, and
various interactions of shelf and slope waters.
The proposed observational system consists of (1) weekly cross-shelf glider transects at the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution (WHOI), Rutgers, and the US Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF); (2) enhanced
measurements at three existing cabled sites at the shoreward ends of the glider lines; (3) high-power nodes/moorings at mid
shelf on the glider lines at WHOI and Rutgers; (4) moorings at the shelf break at WHOI, Rutgers and FRF and at the
entrances to the major estuaries in the region; (5) a CODAR array spanning the study area; and (6) collection of satellite
images of SST and ocean color. All measurement platforms will support vertically resolved measurements of temperature,
salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscattering, and nutrients. The cabled sites and nodes/moorings will enable
advanced optical and acoustical imaging of plankton for characterization of community structure. Numerical modeling will
be a focal point for analysis and synthesis of the observations, with proposed activities capitalizing on existing applications
of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) that range from high resolution simulations of the LEO and MVCO regions
to a shelf-wide version that includes the entire coastal margin of eastern North America, and which has been implemented
with coupled biological and physical components.
Please describe below key non-standard measurement technology needed to achieve the proposed
scientific objectives: (250 words or less)
Non-standard instrumentation includes (1) Webb Slocum gliders, which provide measurements of water
mass properties on cross-shelf transects; (2) FlowCytobot and Imaging FlowCytobot, which allow
enumeration of picophytoplankton up to microphytoplankton, with taxonomic resolution of many groups;
(3) multi-frequency split-beam echosounding systems for near continuous assessment of zooplankton
biomass; (4) custom-built (at WHOI) broad-band transducers (350-650 kHz) deployed on gliders, for
spatial measurements of zooplankton biomass; (5) Video Plankton Recorder (SeaScan, Inc.) imaging
systems designed specifically for the large microplankton to mesoplankton size range; (6) subsurface
moorings with self-contained profiling systems that have capabilities for real-time data transmission and
instrument control; and (7) nitrate sensors deployable at both high power moorings/nodes and on gliders.
Proposed Sites:
Site Name
Position
Water
Depth
(m)
Start
Date
Proposed Duration
Revisits
Deploy
during
(months)
deployment
Site-specific Comments
**please see
proposal for
details
List of Project Participants
Scott Doney, Scott Gallager, Ruoying He, Steve Lentz, Dennis McGillicuddy, Heidi Sosik,
John Trowbridge, and Peter Wiebe (WHOI); Al Hanson and Jim Yoder (URI); Frank
Bohlen and Jim Edson (UConn); Bob Chant, Katja Fennel, Scott Glenn, and Oscar
Schofield (Rutgers); Bill Boicourt and Larry Sanford (UMCES); and Jeff Hanson (USACE
FRF).
Suggested Reviewers
Larry Atkinson (Old Dominion University)
Richard Barber (Duke University)
Jack Barth (Oregon State University)
Francisco Chavez (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)
Stephanie Dutkiewicz (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Richard Jahnke (Skidaway Institute of Oceanography)
John Marra (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University)
David Musgrave (University of Alaska)
Sharon Smith (University of Miami)
Eric Terrill (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)
Andrew Thomas (University of Maine)
Francisco Werner (University of North Carolina)
1. Abstract and Summary
The goal of the proposed project is to understand the fundamental coupling between
physical processes, nutrient pathways, and distributions of plankton in the coastal ocean. Better
understanding of plankton dynamics is critical for addressing a wide range of scientifically and
societally important problems, including fisheries management, nutrient loading, harmful algal
blooms, and hypoxia. Despite longstanding scientific interest, progress in understanding coupled
biological and physical processes in coastal systems has been slow, because conventional
observational and analysis techniques are inadequate. However, enormous advances are now
possible, because new sampling platforms, sensors, and modeling techniques have matured to the
point that they are ready for routine and sustained scientific application.
To characterize shelf-wide patterns of variability in biological, chemical, and physical
properties on timescales ranging from weekly to interannual, a study that combines sustained
observations and numerical simulations of the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) is proposed. The
specific research objectives are to understand (1) the pathways that provide nutrients for
phytoplankton growth, (2) the processes that control stratification, and (3) the role of advection
in redistributing nutrients and plankton. The processes of interest include coastal upwelling,
wind-driven mixing, surface heating, freshwater influx, and various interactions of shelf and
slope waters.
The proposed observational system consists of (1) weekly cross-shelf glider transects at
the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Rutgers University, and the US Army
Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF); (2) enhanced measurements at three existing
cabled sites (WHOI’s Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory [MVCO], Rutgers’ Long-term
Ecosystem Observatory [LEO], and the FRF) at the shoreward ends of the glider lines; (3) highpower nodes/moorings at mid shelf on the glider lines at WHOI and Rutgers; (4) moorings at the
shelf break at WHOI, Rutgers and FRF and at the entrances to the major estuaries in the MAB
(Long Island Sound, Hudson River, Delaware, and Chesapeake Bays); (5) a Coastal Ocean
Dynamics Applications Radar (CODAR) array spanning the study area; and (6) collection of
satellite images of sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean color. All measurement platforms
will support vertically resolved measurements of temperature, salinity, chlorophyll fluorescence,
optical backscattering, and nutrients. The cabled sites and nodes/moorings will enable advanced
optical and acoustical imaging of plankton for characterization of community structure.
Numerical modeling will be a focal point for analysis and synthesis of the observations, with
proposed activities capitalizing on existing applications of the Regional Ocean Modeling System
(ROMS) that range from high resolution simulations of the LEO and MVCO regions to a shelfwide version that includes the entire coastal margin of eastern North America, and which has
been implemented with coupled biological and physical components.
The intellectual merit of the proposed study lies in the integrated application of
advanced capabilities for observations and simulations to interdisciplinary scientific questions of
fundamental importance at a regional coastal oceanographic scale. Broader impacts include a
scientific foundation for informed management decisions that promote ocean health and
responsible ocean utilization in a heavily populated, economically important region, as well as
outreach activities at all educational levels.
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2. Program Rationale and Key Scientific Hypotheses
The coastal ocean is a dynamic environment characterized by complex spatial patterns
that change dramatically over time. These dynamic conditions help make continental shelves
some of the most highly productive ecosystems on Earth. This high productivity plays a major
role in regulating the fluxes of matter and energy along and across continental shelves. Because
of the proximity to dense human populations, coastal ocean dynamics have a major effect on the
distribution of resources of societal interest (e.g., fisheries and recreation areas) and coastal
waters are increasingly impacted by human-induced disturbances (e.g., nutrient loading and
introduced species).
Variations in plankton biomass and community structure drive shelf productivity and
diversity at all trophic levels. Additionally, the transport and transformation of carbon and other
elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, trace metals) on the shelves is dependent on the dynamics
of the planktonic food web. This importance has long been recognized, but our understanding of
the processes responsible for the observed spatial and temporal patterns in shelf water plankton
communities remains surprisingly limited, principally due to inadequate observational
capabilities. Advances in sampling platforms and sensor systems now make it possible to bring a
new level of high resolution multi-scale concurrent physical, chemical, and biological
observations to a coastal system. These observations, when combined with new modeling
techniques, will provide fundamental insights into the regulation of coastal ecosystems.
The Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), which spans the continental shelf from Cape Cod to
Cape Hatteras (Figure 1), offers a unique research opportunity for this new observing capability
for several reasons. First, thirty percent of the US population live along the MAB, resulting in
heavily urbanized coastal zones that are increasingly impacting this productive shelf ecosystem
in ways that remain poorly documented and understood due to under-sampling. Second, the
region is characterized by large seasonal and interannual variations in both physical and
biological properties, and is influenced by a variety of important but poorly understood processes
(as outlined below). Third, the MAB can be viewed as a model for large, complex ecosystems
throughout the world that overlie broad shelves influenced by western boundary current systems.
Fourth, the region has been the focus of decades of traditional research efforts, which provides
baseline knowledge to guide new research. Finally, the MAB is the site the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution’s (WHOI’s) Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO),
Rutgers University’s Long-term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO), and the US Army Corps of
Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF), which provide significant anchor points for the
proposed research.
The overall goal of our proposed research is to construct a coupled observation and
model framework that will enable development of predictive understanding of seasonal-tointerannual, and ultimately climate-scale, variability in the Middle Atlantic Bight
ecosystem. Aspects of the proposed research will necessarily be exploratory in nature; however,
historical biological and physical observations in the MAB and current knowledge about coastal
ecosystems lead to several testable hypotheses that provide a framework to guide model
developments and observational efforts. These hypotheses are focused on the physical and
chemical regulation of plankton, with direct implications for higher trophic levels. Sustained
observations will allow us to assess how annual plankton cycles are regulated by a temporally
varying set of physical, chemical, and ecological processes. The degree that these processes are
in turn affected by interannual variations will be assessed by collecting a sustained time series.
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Four hypotheses have dictated the observatory design and experimental approach that we
propose. The first two focus on processes that regulate coastal plankton ecosystems at the annual
scale and smaller. These will be directly addressed in the proposed 5-year project. The last two
hypotheses deal with extending process-level understanding to explain variability over longer
time scales. While evaluation of these longer term hypotheses would require continued
observations and modeling, beyond the initial 5 years, they point to an important research area
that depends critically on observatory-based strategies for progress; as such we have considered
these longer term goals in developing our research plan.
Hypothesis 1: On time scales from days to seasons, light and nutrient control on
phytoplankton species responsible for high productivity in the MAB occurs in two different
regimes: a predominantly one-dimensional system related to vertical mixing over the outer
shelf, and a predominantly two-dimensional system dominated by advection on the inner
shelf. On the middle-to-outer shelf, these bio-physical dynamics can be understood as a onedimensional response in which nutrient and light availability are governed by wind-driven
vertical mixing (similar to the classic spring bloom in open waters of the North Atlantic). In
contrast, over the inner shelf, two-dimensional processes, with nutrient availability governed
principally by wind- (and possibly wave-) driven advection from offshore source waters, are
critical. The width of this “inner-shelf” regime varies seasonally and spatially since it depends
on the wind strength and duration and on the stratification. This simplified view of a highly
complex system can explain essential features such as the spring and early fall blooms
(dominated by large phytoplankton such as chain-forming diatoms) over the outer shelf, that
contrast with wintertime peaks over the inner shelf. Furthermore, it provides a framework for
evaluating the importance of other processes and interactions, such as the role of cross-shelf
physical gradients in modulating vertical mixing over the outer shelf, the role of riverine sources
of nutrients over the inner shelf, and the effects of grazing and episodic events such as storms,
which may impact either zone at different times.
Hypothesis 2: Seasonal variations in MAB zooplankton communities are driven
predominantly by transport processes that bring organisms into the region, principally
across the northern and offshore boundaries leading to significant cross- and along-shelf
differences. Seasonal variation in peak standing stock of MAB zooplankton progresses along
shelf from the north (spring at the northern end of the MAB, mid-summer in mid MAB, and late
summer/early fall in the southern MAB) due largely to advection from high production areas to
the northeast of the region (e.g., Georges Bank). At the same time, inner and outer shelf waters
differ because subtropical/tropical offshore “expatriate” zooplankton species contribute
significantly to outer-shelf communities as a result of water exchange between passing warmcore rings or Gulf Stream meanders and the shelf-slope front. Under all conditions, MAB
zooplankton are supported by local phytoplankton production, but inner shelf zooplankton
assemblages, including gelatinous organisms that typically bloom in late summer, are more
tightly coupled to this local production than are outer-shelf assemblages.
Hypothesis 3: Interannual- to decadal-scale fluctuations in biomass and community
structure of both phytoplankton and zooplankton in the MAB occur in response to larger
scale phenomena, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Annual flux of nutrients and
zooplankton into the MAB depends on the balance of water masses over the shelf. When basinscale conditions lead to increased transport in the Labrador Current, relatively cooler, fresher,
nutrient-poor water overlies the outer shelf, which results in lower productivity and plankton
biomass across the entire shelf. These changes in shelf water masses lead to changes in
3
community composition of the plankton driven by two processes. First, decreased nutrient input,
both as direct advective flux across the northern MAB boundary and through exchange processes
at the shelf-break front, selects against winter and early spring phytoplankton bloom species.
Second, subtropical zooplankton species do not reach the outer shelf because the Gulf Stream
position is far from the shelfbreak.
Hypothesis 4: Long-term (climate-scale) warming trends in MAB waters will lead to
decreased plankton biomass and shifts in plankton community structure that result in
lower productivity at higher trophic levels (e.g., fish, birds, and marine mammals).
Increased temperatures and greater stratification will suppress nutrient transport into surface
waters and select against fall and winter phytoplankton bloom species. This in turn will lead to
year-round food limitation in mesozooplankton, including fish and invertebrate larvae. This will
ultimately cause a shift to a plankton community dominated by smaller phytoplankton and
zooplankton species, supported principally by recycled nutrients and providing little export to
higher trophic levels. Increased temperatures will further lead to spatial and temporal shifts in
plankton community structure because subtropical coastal species will move to the north,
displacing temperate/subarctic species currently living at the southern end of their
biogeographical ranges.
Given the observational and modeling research described below, these hypotheses
represent testable starting points for the development of conceptual and mathematical models of
continental shelf ecosystem dynamics. We recognize that some of these ideas may be overly
simplified, and we anticipate that our hypotheses will evolve and require revision as part of this
process. A major strength of the observatory approach we propose is that it will allow evaluation
of many processes acting over a broad range of space and time scales; thus new ideas can be
readily incorporated. Beyond the processes highlighted directly in the hypotheses above, we
expect, for example, to quantify advective redistribution of nutrients and plankton along and
across the shelf; to document the offshore extents and durations of coastal upwelling events and
their effect on nutrient distributions; to evaluate the importance of (and time/space scales
associated with) estuarine sources of nutrients to inner shelf waters and Slope Water sources for
the outer shelf; to determine if the timing and intensity of spring storms have a substantial impact
on the ultimate thermal stratification; and to describe the processes that control interannual
variations in stratification and their effects on interannual variations in plankton distributions.
3. Scientific Objectives
Definitive evaluation of the hypotheses defined in the previous section is probably
decades away. To make progress during a five-year study toward quantitative evaluation of the
first two hypotheses, we propose to focus on a small set of key but tractable scientific objectives,
which emphasize physical processes, their effect on nutrient distributions, and their impact on
plankton populations. The objectives are to understand (1) the pathways that provide nutrients
for phytoplankton growth, (2) the processes that control stratification, and (3) the role of
advection in distributing nutrients and plankton. The relevance of the first objective to
phytoplankton dynamics is self-evident. Potentially important mechanisms include coastal
upwelling, wind-driven vertical mixing, and shelf-slope exchange processes, which might
include bottom boundary layer convergence, mesoscale variability, intrusions of saline Slope
Water, or warm-core rings. The second objective is relevant because stratification traps
phytoplankton near the surface, in the euphotic zone, and isolates phytoplankton from deep
nutrients. Potentially important processes include the fall breakdown of stratification due to
4
wind forcing and atmospheric cooling; intermittent winter stratification near the coast due to
fresh water, surface heating, or upwelling circulation acting on the cross-shelf salinity gradient;
intermittent stratification over the outer shelf associated with wind forcing acting on the shelfslope front; and spring development of stratification and the timing and strength of spring
storms. The third objective is important because of the possibly dominant role of advection in
redistributing nutrients and plankton, particularly zooplankton. The advective fields are
influenced in complex ways by wind and wave forcing, stratification, and mixing. Thus, even
within the limited scope of our scientific objectives, there is a rich array of relevant processes.
To achieve these objectives, we propose a study that combines observations and
numerical simulations. The primary purposes of the observations are to quantify fluxes of
volume, heat, salt, and nutrients across the upstream (poleward) and downstream (equatorward)
boundaries of the MAB; to determine the spatial structure and temporal variability of velocity,
temperature, salinity, nutrient concentration, and planktonic abundance and composition within
the MAB; and to quantify fluxes of heat, freshwater, and nutrients into the MAB from the major
regional estuaries. The primary purposes of the numerical simulations are to provide inferences
of transport rates between shelf and Slope Water; to produce estimates of the advective and
turbulent transport fields within the MAB; to elucidate the processes controlling stratification,
nutrient distributions, and plankton distributions within the MAB; and to evaluate the potential
impacts of projected climate on the MAB.
4. Experimental Design and Observing Requirements
4.1 Background
The MAB shelf waters (Figure 1) are part of a large-scale buoyant coastal current with an
equatorward along-shelf mean flow of 5-10 cm s-1 (Loder et al. 1998). A shelf-slope front near
the shelfbreak separates the relatively cool, fresh, shelf waters from warmer, saltier, Slope Water
(Iselin 1936; Houghton et al. 1988; Linder and Gawarkiewicz 1998). Plankton distributions in
the MAB are influenced directly by these broad-scale physical features, but their productivity
and taxonomic composition are also regulated by a combination of physiological constraints and
available resources, notably light and nutrients such as inorganic nitrogen (for phytoplankton)
and food supply (for zooplankton). Availability of light and nutrients in the MAB is highly
dependent on physical properties of the environment, including stratification and circulation
patterns, which vary over many temporal and spatial scales (e.g., Sosik et al. 2001). For
instance, cold nutrient-rich water flows into the area via the prevailing currents from the Gulf of
Maine and is thought to be a major input of nutrients to the region (e.g., Walsh et al. 1987;
Townsend 1998). Zooplankton food supply depends, in turn, on biomass production in the
phytoplankton.
4.1.1 Seasonal variability
There are large seasonal variations in atmospheric forcing and stratification in the MAB
(Beardsley and Boicourt 1981), with direct consequences for plankton. During the summer, the
MAB shelf water is thermally stratified with mid-shelf near-surface temperatures of 20oC and
near-bottom temperatures of less than 10oC. Minimum water temperatures occur over the mid to
outer shelf in a continuous along-shelf feature called the “cold pool” (Houghton et al. 1982).
Under these summer conditions, phytoplankton can be exposed to high light levels generally
favorable for growth, because incident solar radiation is at its seasonal peak and phytoplankton
5
cells can be trapped by stratification in near surface layers. Warm water temperature should also
be generally favorable for growth (Eppley 1972). Nonetheless, phytoplankton biomass is
typically not highest in summer, most likely due to a combination of nutrient limitation grazing
control by zooplankton.
Evidence from both the MAB and the nearby Gulf of Maine generally points to nitrogen
as the limiting nutrient (e.g., Ryther and Dunstan 1971; Walsh et al. 1978; Glibert et al. 1985;
Durbin et al. 1995). Nutrient data for the MAB are sparse, but it appears that nutrient
concentrations are depleted in the summertime surface layer when stratification is present,
probably because phytoplankton deplete the available inorganic nutrients while resupply from
cold, nutrient-rich deeper layers is limited by strong stratification (e.g., Ketchum et al. 1958;
Falkowski et al. 1983; Malone et al. 1983; Walsh et al. 1987; Sosik et al. 2001). Under these
conditions, sub-surface chlorophyll maxima (just above the nitracline) are common in the MAB
(Walsh et al. 1987; Marra et al. 1990; Sosik et al. 2001). Despite widespread nutrient limitation
in summer, it is likely that intermittent increases in phytoplankton concentrations can occur
during upwelling-favorable winds due to a vertical flux of nutrients by mixing or advection (e.g.,
Glenn et al. 2004).
In the fall, increased mixing due to storms and cooling causes an often rapid breakdown
of the thermal stratification, and consequent introduction of nutrients into the euphotic zone.
Taken together, historical ship-based observations and satellite-based ocean color missions
(CZCS and SeaWiFS) suggest that a fall increase in phytoplankton biomass is characteristic of
the MAB (O'Reilly et al. 1987; O'Reilly and Zetlin 1998; Yoder et al. 2001; Yoder et al. 2002).
This increase is likely fueled by nutrients made available when stratification breaks down, but
the factors which control the timing and extent of fall blooms are poorly understood. It is
unclear whether the fall breakdown of stratification is primarily the result of local wind-driven
vertical mixing, surface cooling, or advection in the bottom boundary layer (Lentz et al. 2003).
In winter, the shelf water in the MAB is cold and often vertically well mixed with
relatively high nutrient concentrations. While nutrients are available for phytoplankton growth,
the seasonal low in incident radiation, combined with deep surface mixed layers, leads to low
light exposure for phytoplankton, especially over the outer shelf. Historical observations of
phytoplankton suggest that winter blooms of large-celled species (e.g., diatoms) are common in
many areas of the MAB (see references above and also Bigelow et al. 1940; Glibert et al. 1985;
Marrase et al. 1992), most prominently over the inner shelf (O'Reilly and Zetlin 1998). High
phytoplankton biomass can persist over the inner shelf for many months and nutrients in this
zone are likely depleted (after the initial fall breakdown in stratification) and must be replenished
from deeper water or other sources. When nutrients are available, initiation of specific winter
bloom events may be associated with factors such as the development of intermittent
stratification, which increases the light available to phytoplankton by trapping them near the
surface (e.g, Riley 1947). Townsend et al. (1992; 1994) have suggested that episodic winter
phytoplankton blooms can also be initiated by a combination of low winds and sunny days, even
in the absence of stratification. In addition, recent evidence suggests that temperature effects on
grazing pressure in winter may also play a role in controlling the timing and amplitude of blooms
(Smayda 1998; Keller et al. 2001; Oviatt et al. 2002).
Stratification redevelops in spring as storm frequency and intensity decrease, solar
heating increases, and river discharge increases. The redevelopment of stratification promotes
classic early spring blooms over the outer shelf in the MAB. Bigelow et al. (1940) have pointed
out that late winter and early spring phytoplankton blooms sometimes precede substantial
6
seasonal increases in incident irradiance, and the classical views of Gran and Braarud (1935),
Sverdrup (1953), and others have linked this specifically to stratification. The spring
development of stratification is often interrupted by wind-driven mixing events. The sensitivity
of summer stratification to the timing and intensity of these spring mixing events is unknown, as
is their effect on the timing of spring bloom events.
Changes in the structure of the shelf-slope front can dramatically change the stratification
and nutrient and plankton distributions over the outer shelf at various times of year. For
example, persistent strong stratification was present over the outer shelf during the winter of
1996-97, because upwelling-favorable winds moved the foot of the shelf-slope front farther
onshore than normal (Lentz et al. 2003). Enhanced chlorophyll concentrations in the vicinity of
the shelf-slope front have been reported during spring and summer (Marra et al. 1990; Ryan et al.
1999a; Ryan et al. 1999b), and may be the result of nutrient fluxes into the upper water column.
These nutrient fluxes may be related to a variety of processes that have been suggested as
potential shelf-slope exchange mechanisms, including wind forcing, instabilities, intrusions,
warm-core rings, and upwelling associated with convergence of bottom boundary layer transport
at the front (e.g., Houghton et al. 1988; Barth et al. 1998; Lentz et al. 2003). These same
exchange processes are thought to influence zooplankton community composition through
introduction of slope species that persist over the outer shelf.
In fact, MAB zooplankton assemblages are known to be a mixture of species endemic to
the region and expatriates (Cox and Wiebe 1979). The expatriates include those of Arctic-Boreal
origin transported along the shelves from the northeast, temperate species that reside in the
offshore Slope Water region, and tropical/subtropical species that inhabit the Gulf Stream and
Sargasso Sea. While the endemic species usually dominate the numbers and biomass of the shelf
zooplankton populations, the expatriates can occur in substantial numbers. The resident
zooplankton populations tend to follow the cycle in primary production with a seasonal peak in
biomass in late spring or early summer (Sherman et al. 1996; Sherman et al. 1998). This pattern
takes place on continental shelf areas such as Georges Bank, the southern New England shelf and
the Mid-Atlantic Bight further to the southwest. The peak is somewhat earlier on the bank and
gets progressively later on the shelf regions to the west-southwest, in spite of the fact that
stratification of the water column, which can instigate the spring bloom, occurs with little time
differential from Georges Bank to Cape Hatteras. This suggests that advection along the shelf
plays an important though poorly understood role in this pattern.
The secondary production cycle is often dominated by only a few species and in the North
Atlantic, one species, Calanus finmarchicus, can account for more than 50 % of the biomass of
zooplankton associated with the spring/early summer peak. In addition to Calanus finmarchicus,
five other copepod species are cited as dominants: Pseudocalanus spp. Metridia lucens,
Centropages typicus, Centropages hamatus, and Paracalanus parvus (Davis 1987; Meise-Munns
et al. 1990; Kane 1993; Sherman et al. 1998). C. finmarchicus and Pseudocalanus are
predominantly spring species, while the others have been found to be more important during
other times of the year. Judkins et al. (1979), sampling across the Southern New England shelf
and out into the Slope Water, found the seasonal cycle of zooplankton on the section of the
continental shelf was dominated numerically by copepods, except during the winter period when
other groups were more abundant. Of the more than 80 copepods species counted, the eight most
abundant were Centropages typicus, Pseudocalanus sp., Oithona similis, Temora longicornis,
Paracalanus parvus, Calanus finmarchicus, Metridia lucens, and Candacia armata. This list is
very similar to one determined from data presented by Grice and Hart (1962) for samples
7
collected in same region during the period 1959-1960, and also by Wiebe et al. (1973), Grant
(1979), and Davis (1987). In the summer and fall period on the northeast shelf, the abundance of
zooplankton grazers on phytoplankton is often reduced significantly by zooplankton predators,
especially gelatinous ones (ctenophores, medusae, chaetognaths) (Turner et al. 1983; Durbin and
Durbin 1996). The associated release from grazing pressure can give rise to temporary diatom
blooms or may lead to the beginning of the persistent winter diatom bloom.
4.1.2 Interannual variability
Interannual variations of temperature, salinity, and shelf-water volume in the MAB are
substantial but not well understood. Sea surface temperatures have increased 1-2oC throughout
the MAB over the last century (Flagg 1987; Maul et al. 2001; Nixon et al. 2004; Shearman et al.
2004). This is one of the largest increases in sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic
(Gordon et al. 1992). There have also been large interannual variations in temperature, salinity,
and shelf-water volume over the last 20 years, and these are spatially coherent over the MAB
(Manning 1991; Mountain and Taylor 1998; Mountain 2003). This interannual variability has
been attributed to a combination of atmospheric forcing and advection (e.g., Mountain 2003), but
the connection to larger scale variations such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (Walker
1924; Walker and Bliss 1932) or specific processes remain uncertain. For example, Manning
(1991) found that interannual salinity variations in the MAB were correlated with local
precipitation and river runoff, but Mountain (2003) found that local sources could not account
for an abrupt decrease in shelf-wide salinity that persisted for four to five years (Benway and
Jossi 1998; Smith et al. 2001; Lentz et al. 2003).
Interannual variations in temperature and salinity in the MAB are accompanied by
interannual variability of phytoplankton biomass and likely have an important effect on
ecosystem dynamics of the northwest Atlantic. In particular, recent work with SeaWiFS data
shows that interannual variability accounts for more than half of the total variance in chlorophyll
concentration in US east coast waters (Dandonneau et al. 2004). Platt et al. (2003) demonstrated
interannual variations of order weeks in the timing of the spring bloom off Nova Scotia, which
appear to have an impact on survival of fish larvae. For some North Atlantic zooplankton
species, strong evidence exists for links between multi-year to decadal scale variability and
environmental forcing (e.g., NAO index) (e.g., Conversi et al. 2001; Drinkwater et al. 2002).
Phytoplankton time series longer than a few years are rare for shelf waters of the North Atlantic,
however, and explanations for interannual to decadal scale variations have proven elusive,
despite many hypotheses linked to physical forcing (Drinkwater et al. 2002; Barton et al. 2003).
When better observations exist, patterns have emerged; for instance, in Narragansett Bay,
Smayda (1998) has documented a declining trend in the winter bloom and shifts in
phytoplankton species composition since the 1960s, while Oviatt et al. (2002) showed that winter
blooms fail in years with anomalously high temperature.
The ecosystems in the Northwest Atlantic are particularly sensitive to climate change
(Frank et al. 1990). The continental shelf in this region is located in a faunal transition zone,
with Arctic-boreal, temperate, and subtropical/tropical species boundaries in close proximity
(Herman 1979). With its large annual cycle of water temperature, the Northwest Atlantic
continental shelf is both the northern limit for many warm water organisms and the southern
limit for many cold water species. The trend toward warmer MAB shelf waters could cause a
significant latitudinal shift in the faunal transition zone and thus in the seasonal occurrence of
different organisms in the study area (Greve et al. 2001). Durbin and Durbin (1996) have
8
predicted that changes in water temperature due to climate warming will have maximum impact
on the population dynamics of planktonic species that predominate in the wintertime.
Documentation already exists that such changes are occurring on the continental shelf areas of
the eastern Atlantic (Reid et al. 2001; Beaugrand et al. 2002).
4.2 Observing system
The proposed coastal observing system (Figure 1) has six components: (1) weekly crossshelf glider transects at WHOI, Rutgers and FRF, (2) high-power nodes/moorings at mid-shelf
on the glider transects at WHOI and Rutgers; (3) moorings at the shelf break at WHOI, Rutgers
and FRF and at the entrances to the major estuaries in the MAB (Long Island Sound, Hudson
River, Delaware Bay, and Chesapeake Bay); (4) enhanced observations at existing observatories
at WHOI (MVCO), Rutgers (LEO), and FRF, (5) regional Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications
Radar (CODAR) measurements of surface currents, and (6) satellite observations of surface
temperature and ocean color. The cross-shelf glider transects will provide detailed, although
non-synoptic, measurements of the cross-shelf and vertical structure of temperature, salinity,
chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscattering (as an index of particle load), acoustic
backscattering (as an index of zooplankton biomass), and nitrate concentration. In addition, the
combination of these measurements with CODAR-derived surface currents and glider-derived
estimates of geostrophic shear will produce estimates of the alongshore transport of heat, salt,
chlorophyll, and nitrate. Time-series measurements at mid-shelf and the shelf break at MVCO,
LEO and FRF will resolve high-frequency (e.g., tidal and inertial) variability to aid in the
interpretation of the weekly glider measurements, provide direct current observations to ground
truth along-shelf geostrophic velocity estimates from the gliders, and provide direct observations
of along-shelf and cross-shelf variability. Time-series measurements at the entrances to the
major regional estuaries will help quantify fluxes of freshwater and nutrients into the MAB. The
CODAR and satellite observations will provide a detailed spatial and temporal picture of the
near-surface current, temperature, and chlorophyll fields; provide a spatial (lateral) context for
interpreting the glider transects and the moored observations; provide information about how
advection influences plankton distributions; and allow identification of warm-core rings and
meso-scale features. The measurements will quantify alongshore fluxes and therefore permit a
“control-volume” treatment of the shelf between WHOI and Rutgers and FRF, thus permitting
inferences of potentially important transport rates across the shelf break.
4.2.1 Glider transects
Simultaneous weekly cross-shelf glider transects will be occupied offshore of WHOI,
Rutgers and FRF using Webb Research Slocum gliders. Instrumentation on each glider will
include a temperature-conductivity-pressure sensor, a chlorophyll fluorometer, a CDOM
fluorometer, an optical backscattering sensor, and a nitrate sensor. Transects will extend from
MVCO, LEO and FRF to beyond the shelfbreak to include the shelf-slope front. The gliders
travel at approximately 0.25 m s-1, so that the round-trip transit time for each transect will be
approximately 12 days at WHOI and Rutgers and approximately 6 days at FRF. The glider
duration is at least 25 days with the planned sensor suite, so that each glider at WHOI and
Rutgers will complete 2 round trips during each deployment, and each glider at FRF will
complete 4 round trips during each deployment. To obtain sections every six days, a fleet of
gliders is required, so that we can continuously maintain two gliders in the water on both the
WHOI and Rutgers transects and one glider in the water at the FRF transect. The gliders will fly
9
a saw-toothed pattern from the surface to within 2 m of the bottom. The maximum depth of the
glider survey will be 150 m to capture the foot of the shelf-slope front. The rise and descent
angles will be approximately 20 degrees, resulting in a cross-shelf resolution of roughly three
times the water depth. Two of the Rutgers principal investigators (Schofield and Glenn) have
successfully conducted numerous unattended glider transects across the shelf (Figure 2), logging
over 10,000 km since the fall of 2003. The proposed combination of weekly transects for a
period of years at the spatial resolution achievable by gliders is unprecedented.
4.2.2 High-power nodes/moorings
High power nodes/moorings will be maintained at mid shelf (the 60-m isobath) on the
glider lines at WHOI and Rutgers (Figure 1). Each mooring will support temperatureconductivity sensors, chlorophyll and CDOM fluorometers, optical backscattering sensors,
nutrient sensors, plankton sensors (see details below), and high resolution vertical profiling
capability (see next section). All optical sensors will be equipped with copper anti-fouling
features. Meteorological sensors on each high power node/mooring will directly measure
momentum, heat, mass, and downwelling radiative fluxes, as well as providing estimates of
directional wave spectra from measurements of buoy motion. The heat and radiative fluxes will
be combined with near surface temperature measurements to compute the net heat flux into the
coastal ocean. The momentum flux will provide direct estimates of the wind stress vector, which
may not be aligned with the wind vector due, e.g., to wave induced effects. Sensors required to
motion correct the fluxes will provide directional wave measurements. Mean meteorological
variables including precipitation will also be measured. In addition, at each site, a bottom tripod
will support an upward looking 300 kHz RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and a
sensor to measure pressure, temperature, and conductivity. The rapidly fouling optical
instrumentation, conductivity and nutrient sensors will be replaced in early May, early August,
and early November each year. To maintain continuous times series, we will have two sets of all
hardware and instrumentation for the mid-shelf and shelf-break sites, and we will deploy and
recover on the same turnaround cruise; turnaround at the easier-to-access nearshore sites will be
staggered to miminize the need for redundant sensors. The spring and fall deployments will be
for three months and the winter deployment for six months. This strategy avoids winter
deployment and recovery operations and minimizes fouling of the optical and conductivity
sensors. WHOI, Rutgers and the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
(UMCES) have had considerable experience successfully deploying moorings in similar
environments, including an 11-month deployment of four heavily instrumented moorings in the
same region (e.g., Lentz et al. 2003), which survived the passage of Hurricane Edouard. As
indicated in the requirements section below, the capabilities necessary at these high power/high
bandwidth mid-shelf sites exceed capabilities of conventional stand-alone mooring technology.
We envision that engineering assessment will point to two possible solutions: extensions of the
MVCO and LEO cables to the mid-shelf or an upgraded capability for power generation or
storage on board the buoy. Besides the issues of power supply and telemetry bandwidth, the
general infrastructure requirements for sensors above and below the sea surface are similar to
those described in the next section.
4.2.3 Moorings
Lower power moorings with telemetry will be maintained at the shelf break at WHOI,
Rutgers, and FRF, and at the entrances to the major estuaries in the MAB (Figure 1). One
10
possible configuration of these moorings is a surface/subsurface pair (Figure 3), where the
surface mooring supports meteorological sensors and supplies renewable power (solar panels
and/or wind turbine coupled to rechargeable batteries and electro-optical-mechanical cables to
instrumentation below). The purpose of the subsurface mooring is to support a vertical profiling
package (for instance, similar to the commercially available McLane Moored Profiler, but in this
case requiring capability for recharge from the surface mooring power source). Each mooring
will support temperature-conductivity sensors, chlorophyll fluorometers, optical backscattering
sensors, downwelling irradiance meters, bio-acoustic backscattering systems, and nutrient
sensors. All optical sensors will be equipped with copper anti-fouling features. A low power
version of the meteorological package will provide the same set of measurements as the high
power package with the exception of latent heat fluxes, which will be estimated with bulk
formula. These measurements will include directional wave estimates from motion sensors. In
addition, at each site, a bottom tripod will support an upward looking 300 kHz RDI Acoustic
Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and a sensor to measure pressure, temperature, and
conductivity. The sampling scheme will be the same as at the heavily instrumented moorings, as
will the replacement schedule for the rapidly fouling sensors.
4.2.4 Existing cabled sites
The relevant existing cabled sites in the MAB are MVCO, LEO, and FRF. The MVCO
consists of a shore laboratory, a meteorological mast mounted on the beach on Martha’s
Vineyard, an undersea node (at a water depth of 12 m), and an offshore tower (at a water depth
of 15 m) (http://www.whoi.edu/mvco). All components of the MVCO are serviced by an
electro-optical cable, which provides power and capabilities for real-time communications and
data acquisition. At present, dedicated instrumentation at the MVCO includes a sonic
anemometer and pressure, temperature, and relative humidity sensors at the shore lab and
onshore meteorological tower, and a 1200 kHz ADCP (which measures currents and provides
estimates of directional wave spectra), and near-bottom conductivity and temperature sensors at
the undersea node. LEO is a seafloor cabled observatory deployed 10 km offshore (15 m depth)
and connected to a shore lab by a buried electro-optical cable for power and high-bandwidth
two-way communications. At present, dedicated instrumentation at LEO consists of a bottommounted ADCP with pressure and temperature sensors. In partnership with WetSat, Rutgers
began a series of upgrades of the original equipment to include higher bandwidth
communications, more reliable power, more flexible and now upgradeable control software, and
standardized plug-and-play instrument interfaces. Initial hardware upgrades funded by
NOAA/NURP have begun, with a target installation date of the new WetSat node in June 2005.
In addition, a new water-column profiler package currently being constructed by WetSat will be
tested over the next two years at LEO as part of a Small Business Innovations Research (SBIR)
grant. FRF consists of a shore laboratory and pier extending 600 m into the ocean, to a depth of
approximately 8 m. Routinely maintained observations at the FRF currently include
meteorological measurements, velocity measurements throughout the water column, daily
conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts, and directional wave measurements at 8-m and 18m depth.
Our scientific objectives require that we augment the permanent instrumentation at all
three existing cabled sites by adding water column temperature-conductivity sensors, chlorophyll
and CDOM fluorometers, optical backscattering sensors, nutrient sensors, and plankton sensors
(see details below). We will also instrument towers near the LEO site and at the end of the FRF
11
pier with turbulence and radiative flux packages similar to those at MVCO. This
instrumentation will provide measurements of atmospheric forcing, velocity, stratification,
nutrients, optical properties, and plankton adunance and taxonomic composition, which will
complement the measurements on the gliders and mid-shelf moorings/nodes. In addition, two
directional wave buoy moorings and one additional meteorological station mooring will be added
to the FRF instrumentation to extend the cross-shelf directional wave array to the shelf break.
4.2.5 CODAR
CODAR is a compact High-Frequency (HF) Radar system that provides current mapping,
wave monitoring and ship tracking capabilities. The Mid-Atlantic Region maintains an
extensive CODAR HF Radar network that has grown to nearly 30 individual radar systems that
now include a regional backbone of 12 long-range CODARs (Figure 4) with multiple nested high
resolution clusters in Long Island Sound, New York Harbor, Delaware Bay, Chesapeake Bay and
on the beach at Duck, NC.
Since 1999, Rutgers has continuously operated a CODAR network that now includes
over 10 individual sites deployed in three nested multi-static clusters along the New Jersey Shelf,
at the entrance to New York Harbor, and, in collaboration with the University of Massachusetts
and the University of Rhode Island (URI), around Cape Cod. The University of Connecticut and
URI operate 5 CODAR systems in two clusters at each end of Long Island Sound. The
FRF hosts a CODAR site with a matching site located at Buxton, NC, both of which are operated
by University of North Carolina as part of the South East Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing
System (SEACOOS). NASA-Wallops recently purchased three long range CODAR systems that
are now being deployed in Virginia and Delaware to bridge the gap between the Rutgers Cape
May CODAR and the FRF CODAR. NOAA operates multiple CODAR sites within Chesapeake
Bay, University of Delaware has begun deployment of a Delaware Bay CODAR cluster, and
University of Massachusetts has proposed a CODAR nest for the area in and around New
Bedford Harbor.
The MAB is a significant research test bed for new radar technologies. HF radar is being
developed at the FRF with Imaging Science Research (ISR) that operates at various frequencies
and provides spatial scales of 100-1000 m to enhance coverage in nearshore regions. ISR also
operates an X-band radar at the FRF for directional wave measurements and imaging sandbar
positions. Rutgers operates two new bistatic CODAR transmitter buoys, a new compact SuperDirective shore-based CODAR receiver antenna, and is the proposed test bed for the new NPGS
shipboard CODAR receivers that can be used in various combinations within a multi-static
network, also to enhance coverage in desired locations.
4.2.6 Satellite Imagery
Satellite-based remote sensing will provide a critical observational component. Sea
surface temperature and ocean color products (e.g., chlorophyll, CDOM absorption,
backscattering coefficients) will allow us to examine spatial and temporal variability in surface
waters with regional coverage and kilometer-scale daily resolution (see, for example, Figure 9a).
Imagery will be used track seasonal evolution of water properties and to locate and follow
critical features such as fronts, warm-core rings, and to define the space/time distributions of
phenomena such as near-surface phytoplankton blooms and coastal upwelling.
Rutgers has continuously operated an L-Band satellite tracking and data acquisition
system since 1992 and a larger X-Band system since 2003. Both systems enable local real-time
12
access to the full resolution direct-broadcast imagery from an international constellation of polar
orbiting satellites. The L-Band system currently tracks the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) and China’s FY1-D.
Products include the operational sea surface temperature (SST) and visible imagery and simple
experimental ocean color products from the Chinese satellite. The X-Band system acquires data
from more recent satellites featuring higher spatial and spectral resolution. This presently
includes the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, both Terra and Aqua) satellites and India’s OceanSat. The
increased spectral resolution enables more advanced ocean color products to be generated in
optically complex coastal waters. Tracking multiple satellites, including those operated by other
countries, decreases revisit intervals, providing multiple images of rapidly evolving coastal
features at different times of day. Missed satellite passes due to groundstation downtime or
conflicts due to simultaneous overpasses of different satellites are minimized by an automated
real-time backup system through collaboration between Rutgers and the University of Maine. In
this system, each location automatically checks and, if necessary, writes recently acquired raw
data to the other’s pass disk, enabling the downstream data flow to continue uninterrupted at
either location.
4.2.7 Plankton sensors
This proposal takes direct advantage of important new developments in submersible
sensor systems for observing plankton biomass and community structure. These sensors provide
unprecedented potential but are very demanding in terms of power and bandwidth requirements,
so they must be deployed strategically and they absolutely require the capabilities of specialized
observatory infrastructure. Our general approach is to use these sensors to make long-term high
resolution time series observations at selected sites that are embedded in a larger spatial context
of observations provided by other platforms, such as gliders and distributed moorings. The
target sites, existing cabled locations and proposed high power nodes, span the inner to outer
shelf zones and range over the along-shelf extent of the study region.
For phytoplankton community analysis, broad spatial coverage with chlorophyll
fluorometers will provide context for time series at the nearshore and mid-shelf sites acquired
with autonomous submersible flow cytometers that have been developed at WHOI. Two
separate instruments, FlowCytobot and Imaging FlowCytobot, allow enumeration of
picophytoplankton (< 2 µm diameter) up to microphytoplankton (20-200 µm), with taxonomic
resolution of many groups (Figure 5). FlowCytobot, the first automated submersible flow
cytometer developed at WHOI (Olson et al. 2003), has been used to collect cell abundance, size,
and pigmentation data at MVCO since 2002 (e.g., see Figure 5). It is optimized for analysis of
cells up to ~10 µm. FlowCytobot provides not only cell abundance data but also allows us to
observe changes in cell size distributions from which it is possible to estimate daily population
growth rates (Sosik et al. 2003). Imaging FlowCytobot (Olson and Sosik 2004) is a modified
and enhanced version of the original FlowCytobot, designed especially for characterization of
larger cells (~10-200 µm), including many dinoflagellates and diatoms, which are typically much
less abundant than picoplankton but make up most of the biomass in coastal blooms. Imaging
FlowCytobot uses a combination of flow cytometric and video technology to both capture
images of organisms for identification and measure chlorophyll fluorescence associated with
each image (Figure 5). By deploying FlowCytobot and Imaging FlowCytobot sensors at the
13
same locations, we will be able to characterize the entire phytoplankton community with high
taxonomic resolution and over an unprecedent range of time scales.
A multi-faceted approach to measure the patterns of abundance, biomass, and community
structure of zooplankton will be also be utilized (Figure 6). For near continuous assessment of
zooplankton biomass, multi-frequency (120, 200, and 420 kHz) split-beam echosounding
systems (Hydroacoustic Technology Inc.) will be deployed near the bottom at the high power
node sites to ensonify the entire water column (Wiebe et al. 1997; Stanton et al. 2001). These
observations will be placed in a larger spatial context via custom-built (at WHOI) broad-band
transducers (350-650 kHz) deployed on the gliders. Acoustic backscattering provides well
resolved spatial distributions and helps constrain estimates of total zooplankton biomass,
however, it does not provide detailed information about taxonomic composition. To obtain time
series information on species composition, we will deploy Video Plankton Recorder (SeaScan,
Inc.) imaging systems designed specifically for the large microplankton to mesoplankton size
range (Gallager et al. 1996; Davis et al. 2004; Gallager et al. 2004) at the high power nearshore
and mid-shelf sites.
4.2.8 Nutrient sensors
An important element of the proposed study will be implementation of the capability for
routine nutrient measurements at the required spatial and temporal scales. In recent years there
has been significant progress in sensor development and there are now both reagent-free optical
nitrate sensors and reagent-based optical nutrient sensors being produced commercially. The
URI Graduate School of Oceanography, SubChem Systems, Inc., and WET Labs, Inc.
researchers have collaboratively made substantial progress in developing submersible nutrient
analyzers for deployments from ships, moored autonomous profiling platforms, buoys and
autonomous underwater vehicles (Figure 7) (Hanson and Donaghay 1998; Hanson 2000; Hanson
and Moore 2001). The continued development of this submersible chemical analyzer technology
is funded by multiple agencies (NSF, ONR, NOAA, EPA and NOPP) and is progressively being
transferred to the private sector. Nutrient analyzers are now commercially available and
adaptable for deployment on a variety of cabled or autonomous ocean observation platforms.
Our scientific objectives require that we take advantage of these emerging sensors and analyzers
and to develop the capability to make nutrient measurements on each of the coastal observatory
sampling platforms: cabled sites, high-power nodes/moorings, moorings, and gliders.
In a recent advance, WET Labs, Inc. has begun producing relatively affordable and
compact, single channel reagent-based sensors (CYCLE series) for moored deployment (2-3
months or longer). These sensors were developed by WET Labs in partnership with SubChem
Systems, Inc. as part of an NSF–funded NOPP project (MOSEANS). Our plans include use of
these CYCLE sensors on the MAB moorings and cabled platforms. CYCLE sensors are
currently available for phosphate, with nitrate and ammonia to follow in 2006. The network of
CYCLE sensors will be operated and maintained by URI, with assistance from WHOI, Rutgers
and FRF.
The most difficult challenge will involve implementing nutrient measurements on the
glider transects. URI, SubChem Systems, WET Labs (A. Hanson, PI) have recently been
awarded NOPP funding to transition their autonomous profiling nutrient analyzer (APNA)
technologies into commercial products that can be readily deployed on autonomous profiling
moorings, coastal gliders and propeller-driven unmanned underwater vehicles and used for
sustained, autonomous ocean observations of nutrient distributions and variability. Field tests of
14
the APNA deployed on the REMUS AUV have demonstrated its capability to autonomously
profile multi-nutrient concentrations in real-time. The effort proposed here will involve
deploying MARCHEM, a compact low-power nitrate analyzer being developed for the
SLOCUM gliders. URI will facilitate the progressive implementation of MARCHEM into the
complete glider fleet. Final stages will include transition of MARCHEM operations from the
URI group to glider technicians at WHOI, Rutgers and FRF.
4.2.9 Mooring turnaround sampling and ground truthing
On the mooring turnaround cruises, hydrographic (CTD), nutrient, and biological
property profiles of the water column will be made at each mooring location to provide ground
truth data for the moored sensors. Samples will be collected for laboratory analyses including
concentrations of nutrients, phytoplankton pigments (HPLC), particulate organic carbon, and
dissolved organic carbon. In addition, a solid-state nitrate sensor (Satlantic MBARI-ISUS) will
be mounted on the CTD rosette to acquire detailed depth profiles of nitrate concentration. An
optical plankton counter (OPC ; Herman 1988; Herman 1992), and a self-contained video
plankton recorder (VPR ; Davis et al. 1992; Davis et al. 1996) will be deployed on the CTD
rosette to characterize zooplankton vertical distribution on vertical spatial scales of meters. A 1m2 MOCNESS equipped with 150 mm mesh nets will be used to collect stratified depth samples
at the deeper survey stations to obtain data on the biomass, size frequency distribution of
zooplankton taxa, and abundance of zooplankton species selected for targeted study. Each tow
will take no more than 30 minutes. The sampling depth interval will be 10-15 meters, although
this may be altered to correspond to sharp temperature or salinity gradients to avoid sampling
across major physical discontinuities. At shallow stations, the 0.5 m diameter ring net will be
towed obliquely from the surface to the bottom. The analysis of the 0.5 m diameter ring net and
the 1-m2 MOCNESS samples will include the measurement of zooplankton biomass, silhouette
image analysis of samples from selected tows, and counts of target species (Davis and Wiebe
1985). These data will be used to interpret the acoustic backscattering data and to provide the
basic zooplankton data providing model boundary conditions and verifying the model results.
4.3 Physical and biological modeling
Models will be a focal point for analysis and synthesis of the observations. The purposes
of the model computations are to aid in data interpretation, especially in identifying principal
processes responsible for generating patterns of shelf-wide variability in physical, chemical, and
biological properties; to provide a framework for quantitatively evaluating the role of specific
processes in contributing to observed distributions of heat, salt, nutrients, and plankton; and to
evaluate needs for future expansion of the observational network, including its linkage with other
observatories in the “upstream” and “downstream” directions. The wide range of space and time
scales relevant to these objectives necessitates a hierarchical modeling approach. Coupled
physical-biological models will be implemented in a variety of nested configurations, ranging
from high resolution three-dimensional models of the coastal ocean around MVCO and LEO, to
a shelf-wide model that includes the entire coastal margin of eastern North America.
The physical model computations will build upon existing capabilities with the Regional
Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) circulation model. ROMS is a state-of-the-art, free-surface,
hydrostatic, primitive equation ocean model being used by a rapidly growing user community for
applications from the basin to coastal and estuarine scales (e.g., Haidvogel et al. 2000;
MacCready and Geyer 2001; Dinniman et al. 2003; Lutjeharms et al. 2003; Marchesiello et al.
15
2003; Peliz et al. 2003). Shchepetkin and McWilliams (1998; 2003; submitted) describe in detail
the algorithms that comprise the ROMS computational kernel. These include formulation of the
time-stepping and advection algorithms to allow both exact mass conservation and minimal
dispersion error tracers – a particularly attractive feature for accurate temperature, salinity, and
nutrient budgets and fields. Lagrangian particle tracking in three dimensions is implemented and
well tested, offering a powerful tool for characterizing pathways of material transport.
The proposed study will capitalize on existing applications of ROMS to the MVCO and
LEO areas and a shelf-wide implementation for the Northeast North American (NENA) coast
and the adjacent deep ocean. The regional MVCO implementation of ROMS was developed for
use as a forecast tool during the Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST)
program to assist in the deployment of moveable instrumentation, and as a synthesis tool for the
re-analysis of intensive observing periods at MVCO. For this application, ROMS was
implemented with fine grid spacing (1 km) and realistic 3-arc-second coastal bathymetry and
was found to be able to capture the essential features of the 3-dimensional heat transport on
diurnal to several day time-scales (Wilkin and Lanerolle submitted). The regional
implementation of ROMS at LEO was used during a series of Coastal Predictive Skill
Experiments in the summers of 1999 to 2001 to provide an ensemble of 3-day ocean forecasts,
with which decisions were made to direct adaptive subsurface sampling according to the
evolving circulation. The skill of this modeling system with respect to subsurface validation
mooring data (temperature and currents) was assessed by Wilkin et al.(2005). The model was
found to have significant intrinsic predictive skill, which was further improved by the
assimilation of subsurface observations from ship-based towed-body sampling and CODAR
data.
The ROMS NENA implementation has 10 km horizontal resolution and 30 vertical
levels. The model is embedded within a North Atlantic ROMS application forced with 3-day
average winds and climatological buoyancy fluxes. This embedding procedure imposes external
remotely forced mesoscale and seasonal variability on the regional NENA model with few open
boundary artifacts. NENA model solutions exhibit recognized features of both locally and
remotely forced circulation; namely, wind-driven upwelling, buoyancy-driven river plumes, low
salinity on the MAB inner shelf, retention of passive particles in the shelf-slope front, and
interactions of Gulf Stream warm-core rings with the New England slope. More realistic
simulations of shelf circulation, including the influence of mesoscale events observable by
satellite and interannual variability associated with major climate modes such as the NAO, will
be achieved with further improvement of the basin-scale embedding procedure. This will be
done with the operational North Atlantic mesoscale Mercator model (www.mercator.com.fr) that
assimilates satellite altimetry, SST, and Argo float profiles. This new embedding procedure will
impose observed weekly-to-interannual time scale variability (predominantly from altimetry) on
the ROMS NENA physical circulation, which in turn will provide improved specifications of
open boundary conditions for regional, high-resolution MVCO and LEO simulations
The proposed biological modeling will utilize an existing nitrogen-based ecosystem
model coupled with ROMS (Fennel et al. submitted). Current implementation of this model in
the ROMS NENA configuration is a relatively simple representation of nitrogen cycling. The
model captures the spatial and temporal patterns in chlorophyll (e.g., Figure 9) and primary
productivity on the shelves, such as increasing chlorophyll concentrations and higher levels of
primary production near the coast, spring and autumn blooms, and a phytoplankton maximum
near the pycnocline in summer. Moreover, model results suggest that even with riverine inputs,
16
the nitrogen budget on the Middle Atlantic Bight is dominated by a net loss due to sediment
denitrification (Fennel et al. submitted). Further modifications and extension of this model are
currently under development in the Rutgers Ocean Modeling group. For example, improved
treatment of tidal mixing, carbon and oxygen cycling and an intermediate complexity sizestructured ecosystem model (Lima and Doney 2004) are now being implemented.
4.4 Analysis and synthesis
To address our three specific scientific objectives, and ultimately our overarching
hypotheses, we will use the glider, mooring, cabled observatory, and remotely sensed
observations and data assimilative ROMS model simulations to characterize the evolution of the
cross-shelf and vertical structure of temperature, salinity, stratification, along-shelf current,
plankton, and nutrients (see for example Figure 2). The along-shelf geostrophic flow, a key
element for all three objectives – objective 1 (nutrient pathways), objective 2 (stratification), and
objective 3 (role of advection on nutrients and plankton) – will be determined from the glider
density profiles and both the near-surface CODAR currents and the depth-averaged velocities
estimated from the gliders. Previous studies have established that the sub-tidal along-shelf flow
in the MAB is geostrophic to a high degree of accuracy (e.g., Shearman and Lentz 2003), even
over the inner shelf (Lentz et al. 1999).
The complete observing network allow us to examine the patterns and mechanisms of
seasonal to interannual variability. The 6-day glider transects will not be synoptic.
Consequently, the cabled observatory, mooring, CODAR, and satellite observations are needed
to provide a temporal and spatial context for interpretation of the glider measurements. The
weekly glider observations will be treated as a series of individual profiles that will be
interpolated onto a uniform time base with standard objective analysis. We will then determine
the relationships between various potential forcing mechanisms (wind stress, surface heat flux,
freshwater flux, and shelf-slope exchange processes) and the observed changes in stratification
(objective 2) and nutrient and plankton distributions (objectives 1 and 3). These in-situ
measurements and analyses will be complemented by model simulations and diagnoses to further
investigate the three-dimensionality of the flow field, transport pathways, and the relative
importance of local and advectively driven processes in modifying coastal ocean physics and
biology.
The proposed model-data synthesis will provide a foundation for testing our four main
hypotheses: Hypothesis 1 (local versus 2-D forcing on phytoplankton growth); Hypothesis 2
(lateral advection of zooplankton); Hypothesis 3 (interannual variability and the NAO); and
Hypothesis 4 (long-term climate impacts). The spatially and temporally resolved data set will
allow us to constrain our physical and biological model simulations to a much greater degree
than in most regional oceanographic studies. For instance, better model initial conditions will be
constructed by merging climatological (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) fields with satellite
observations, and extensive in situ measurements from the gliders and moorings. Moreover,
ocean data assimilation techniques have undergone rapid development in recent years, and it is
now possible to assimilate various coastal ocean state variables such as sea level, profiles of
currents and temperature and salinity, and surface currents measured by CODAR. For example,
sequential estimation (e.g., Dombrowsky and De Mey 1992) has been used successfully in
ROMS (Wilkin et al. 2005) and variational adjoint techniques (Moore et al. 2004) are currently
being implemented into ROMS. We will apply these modern techniques for data assimilation to
17
achieve more accurate model realizations of regional coastal circulation and transport processes.
This will allow us to push the frontier of largely-unexplored coastal ocean data assimilation.
Three types of model simulations will be performed. The first set will consist of shortduration (days to weeks) model simulations for selected sampling periods, such as bloom
transport events or the rapid summer/fall transition to unstratified conditions. In conjunction
with observations, these experiments will be used to explore small scale, synoptic variability and
provide insights into the physical and biological processes responsible for specific phenomena
identified in the observations, such as local upwelling, generation of chlorophyll maxima or
bloom initiation (Hypothesis 1). These experiments will also allow us to test the model’s
sensitivity, conduct model evaluations, and will also serve as test beds for the implementation of
data assimilation capabilities.
The second set of model experiments will be long-duration (multiple-year) hindcast
simulations. Here we will focus on understanding and quantifying seasonal and interannual
variability of temperature, salinity, volume transport, nutrient distribution, and plankton biomass
in the larger-scale context of the MAB (Hypotheses 2 and 3). All of our model experiments will
be tested against observed (unassimilated) data streams by qualitative comparisons with
observable features (e.g. satellite ocean color imagery, temperature, salinity, and nutrient
distributions, etc.) and quantitative comparisons with observed physical and biological time
series that use statistical correlation coefficients and vector regressions as metrics. Given the
highly turbulent nature of ocean flow, it will be inappropriate to directly compare model and
observed mesoscale and submesoscale fields in the multi-year simulations; rather we will
statistical metrics of local and regional time/space variability to assess model skill. Model
momentum, temperature and salinity balances, as well as budgets of nutrients and organic matter,
will be calculated to elucidate the factors affecting circulation, stratification, nutrient distribution
and plankton biomass, and to improve our ability to quantify these physical and biological
processes in the MAB coastal region.
A third set of experiments will be conducted to assess the potential impact of climate
change on the MAB (Hypothesis 4). They will be identical in construct and domain to the multiyear hindcast simulations. Physical perturbations in air-sea fluxes and lateral boundary
conditions (both open ocean and river influx) will be imposed on the basis of climate-of-the-21stcentury projections from the Community Climate System Model (Collins et al. in press).
An example of the type of synthesis that will be explored is use of the proposed
observations and model simulations to investigate the dominant processes contributing to shelfslope exchange (e.g., Csanady and Magnell 1987; Houghton et al. 1988) and to enhanced
phytoplankton concentration at the shelf-slope front (e.g., Marra et al. 1990; Ryan et al. 1999a;
Ryan et al. 1999b). The glider transects will provide, for the first time, simultaneous estimates of
the along-shelf fluxes of mass, heat, salt, nutrients, and chlorophyll at two cross-shelf sections.
We will characterize the seasonal and interannual variations in the along-shelf fluxes and relate
this variability to potential forcing mechanisms. The difference in the mass, heat, and salt fluxes
at the two sections will be used to infer when significant shelf-slope exchange occurs and under
what conditions. For example, an increase in the salt flux from the Martha’s Vineyard transect to
the New Jersey transect implies an onshore flux of relatively salty water at the shelf-slope front.
Nutrient sections will provide a direct test of the hypothesis that chlorophyll enhancement at the
shelf-slope front in spring and summer is due to an increase in available nutrients (Marra et al.
1990; Ryan et al. 1999a; Ryan et al. 1999b). The weekly sections will provide a significant
improvement over previous studies that have been limited to satellite observations of surface
18
distributions and a few shipboard surveys to characterize vertical structure. The CODAR surface
flow fields, satellite imagery and meteorological data, in conjunction with the numerical model
simulations, will allow us to infer whether nutrient and chlorophyll variations at the shelf-slope
front are associated with wind forcing (Walsh et al. 1978; Walsh et al. 1987), the presence of
warm-core rings (Ryan et al. 1999b), meanders in the shelf-slope front (Ryan et al. 1999a), salty
intrusions (Houghton and Marra 1983) or a convergence of the bottom boundary layer transport
(Barth et al. 1998; Houghton and Visbeck 1998). This combination of indirect analyses will be
complemented by a proposed study of exchange processes at the shelf break (Gawarkiewicz et
al., described in Section 4.6), which will quantify and elucidate the relatively small-scale
processes by which cross-frontal exchange and near-front productivity actually occur.
4.5 Observing requirements
The proposed research has requirements for physical, biological and chemical quantities
that must be observed with specific combinations of space/time resolution and coverage. Here
we outline a minimal set of sensor systems capable of providing the necessary measurements.
For budgeting purposes, we have identified currently available sensors by manufacturer and
model, wherever possible. This information is summarized in the attached Budget Justification
text (see WHOI component). In certain cases, reasonable assumptions have been made about
availability, specifications, and cost of items likely to be available before the start of this project.
These instances are highlighted in the Budget Justification text.
For convenience, we grouped the required instruments into a set of packages (see below).
Table 1 summarizes the required number of each package, separated according to the four types
of sampling platforms in the proposed observatory: existing cabled sites, new high-power
node/mooring sites, moorings, and gliders. Note that the entries in Table 1 specify the number of
instrument packages required per platform. The total number that will be in operation at any one
time can be determined by multiplying these entries by the number of each platform: 3 existing
cabled sites, 2 new high-power nodes/moorings, 7 moorings, and 5 gliders. As described above,
all of the high-power node/mooring and mooring sites in the proposed observing system will be
equipped with high resolution vertical profiling capability, and we have identified the minimum
required measurements that must be included in these profiles (Tables 1 and 2). While the
potential research applications could be expanded if higher payload profiling capability (e.g., to
accommodate some plankton sensors) were also available at the high power sites, we have
chosen to define a conservative deployment strategy. In our plan, high demand (payload and/or
power/bandwidth) items, such as the plankton sensors, will be deployed at a single mid-water
column depth and integrated with a valve/pump system to control sampling at several discrete
depths.
The measurements made as part of each instrument package are as follows: Small flux
package – mean wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric
pressure, shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, buoyancy flux, momentum flux, precipitation,
directional wave information; Large flux package – mean wind speed, wind direction, air
temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, shortwave radiation, longwave radiation,
sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, momentum flux, precipitation, directional wave information;
Small optics package – chlorophyll fluorescence, CDOM fluorescence, optical backscattering;
Large optics package – chlorophyll fluorescence, CDOM fluorescence, optical backscattering,
spectral downwelling irradiance (multi-spectral, plus hyperspectral at high power sites); Small
acoustics package – broadband (350 to 650 kHz) transducer, side-looking, with built-in
19
controller; Large acoustics package – multi-frequency (120, 200, 420 kHz) transducers,
upward-looking, with controller and processing system; Nutrient analyzers – three types of
nutrient analyzers are required: a low power reagent-based fast response (~1-sec) nitrate analyzer
for gliders (e.g, SubChem Systems, MARCHEM series), a fast response reagent-free nitrate
sensor for vertical profiling (e.g., Satlantic ISUS), and reagent-based nitrate analyzers for
moored, fixed depth use (e.g., WET Labs CYCLE series); Plankton package – FlowCytobot
submersible flow cytometer (pico- to small nanophytoplankton), Imaging FlowCytobot
submersible image-in-flow cytometer (large nano- to microphytoplankton, microzooplankton),
and Video Plankton Recorder (micro- to mesozooplankton) system with controller.
From the combination of these instrument packages and the sampling plans summarized
in Table 1, we have estimated power and communication requirements for each sampling
platform. The requirements summarized in Table 2 are estimates for the instrument systems only
and do not include requirements for infrastructure support such as for communication to shore or
base glider operations.
4.6 Related studies
Several projects that complement and enhance the program described here are being
proposed to the OOI/ORION program (Table 3). Highlights include a proposal by Geyer et al. to
study exchange and interconnection between estuaries and the continental shelf, which addresses
transport and transformation of mass, nutrients, and carbon. This project will capitalize on the
proposed moorings at estuarine entrances in the MAB (Figure 1) and it will elucidate the
processes by which estuarine outflows mix with the surrounding shelf water and impact shelfscale physical, chemical and biological fields. Gawarkiewicz et al. propose a study of shelfbreak
processes and shelf-slope exchange. This project will capitalize on control-volume-based
estimates of fluxes across the shelf-slope front that are enabled by the cross-shelf glider transects
proposed here, and it will elucidate the processes by which heat, salt, nutrients and plankton are
transported between shelf and slope waters and impact shelf-scale processes. McGillis et al.
propose a study of controls on the carbon balance in the MAB, which will produce time-series
measurements of chemical compounds and optical properties that complement the measurements
proposed here. Beardsley et al. propose development of a coupled next-generation oceanatmosphere modeling system, which has the potential to improve the atmospheric model used to
force regional ocean models such as ROMS. The physical measurements and corresponding
analysis proposed here provide opportunities for testing and evaluating model simulations that
are essential for the success of the Beardsley et al. proposal.
Of particular importance to the project proposed here are regular (6-8 per year) shipbased surveys of the entire MAB and Gulf of Maine by the National Marine Fisheries Service
(NMFS). These surveys characterize regional variability in physical properties and plankton and
fish populations. Collaboration with NMFS (see appended letter of support) will allow us to
place our observations in a larger spatial and temporal context.
Three of the major estuaries connected to the MAB have their own long-running
observing systems that will be integrated into the effort proposed here. These are the Long
Island Sound Integrated Observing System (LISICOS), operated by the University of
Connecticut; the New York Harbor Observing System (NYHOS), operated by Stevens Institute
of Technology; and the Chesapeake Bay Observing System (CBOS) operated by a consortium of
universities near Chesapeake Bay.
20
The US Army Corps of Engineers is developing the MORPHOS-3D model system to
address the need for an improved physics-based three-dimensional (3D) community tool to
predict coastal change in response to storms and other significant weather events. Key elements
of MORPHOS-3D include (1) an improved tropical cyclone model, with National Hurricane
Center track parameters and inputs, (2) a stochastic climate generator for evaluating long-term
response, (3) a new third-generation wave model with improved shallow water physics, (4) twoway coupling with a 3D ADCIRC circulation model with mass-conserving transport equations
over an unstructured grid, and (5) synthesis of state-of-the-art Dutch (Delft Hydraulics) and US
(USACE/MIT) sediment transport technology into a common framework. A key improvement
that MORPHOS-3D will provide is the ability to simulate the enhanced transfer of momentum
that occurs as wavefields transition across the shelf to shallow water. This is possible due to a
number of recent advances in our understanding of spectral equilibrium and source term
behavior (Resio et al. 2001; Pushkarev et al. 2003; Resio and Long 2004; Badulin et al. subm.).
These improved physics along with the unstructured grid formulation of MORPHOS-3D will
make it an ideal tool for simulating the physical forces driving along-and cross-shelf transfers
and providing the necessary inputs to biological models.
Integration of the proposed project with the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
will be achieved through the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing Regional Association
(MACOORA), one of about a dozen still-evolving Regional Associations that comprise the
coastal component of IOOS. MACOORA, established in 2004, spans the MAB and has
prioritized full implementation of an enhanced regional CODAR array, which would clearly
benefit the study proposed here.
5. Program Management
Drawing on extensive experience with current observational assets in the MAB, three
existing teams will manage and operate the proposed observing system. The northern array
(MVCO, mid-shelf node/mooring, shelf-break mooring, and glider transect off WHOI) will be
managed by the operations center of WHOI’s Center for Ocean, Seafloor and Marine Observing
Systems (COSMOS). The mid line (LEO, mid-shelf node/mooring, shelf-break mooring, and
glider transect off Rutgers) will managed by Rutgers University’s Coastal Ocean Observation
Laboratory’s (COOL) Operations Center. The southern line (FRF, shelf-break mooring, and
glider transect off FRF will be managed by UMCES in collaboration with the US Army Corps of
Engineers FRF. The expertise of project PIs spans all of the sub-disciplines necessary to carry
out the proposed research (Table 4).
Building on WHOI’s experience designing, constructing and operating marine observing
systems of many types around the world, WHOI established COSMOS
(http://www.whoi.edu/COSMOS) in 2004 to provide administrative, management and systems
engineering oversight of large observatory and observing systems projects. Presently in its early
stages, the vision is that COSMOS will coordinate and facilitate observing systems by providing
a central contact point for scientists within WHOI and at universities and research labs around
the country who use WHOI-operated systems and facilities (Figure 10). COSMOS will also
partner with other New England groups to plan the development and support of coastal
observatories and observing systems in the Northeast. WHOI has made a commitment to
support COSMOS, and in particular to maintain and develop the Center in concert with ORION
activities. The project proposed here will draw on COSMOS for coordination of (1) sensor
calibration, (2) mooring design and fabrication, (3) ship operations associated with mooring
21
deployment and recovery, (4) data management and metadata standards, and (5) glider
development and operation. In addition, the COSMOS structure will keep the project PIs
updated on engineering developments at WHOI and strengthen formal contacts with other New
England region observing systems and centers, and provide critical assistance with project
management issues with which most research scientists have limited expertise.
The Rutgers University Coastal Ocean Observation Lab (COOL) includes a scientific
research group (http://marine.rutgers.edu/COOL), an educational outreach group
(www.COOLclassroom.org), and an Operations Center (http://www.theCOOLroom.org/).
Faculty and students comprising the scientific teams participate in collaborative research
programs in which academic, industry and government partnerships are forged between
physicists and biologists, scientists and engineers, and observationalists and modelers. The
education group is the focal point for outreach activities to the K-12 community and to nonscience majors within Rutgers. The Operations Center maintains a sustained coastal ocean
observatory that has provided real-time ocean data to the research and education groups since
1992, and now also serves as a training ground for Operational Oceanography students. The
COOL Operations Center maintains one of the world’s most advanced coastal ocean
observatories. Cost-effective sustained spatial sampling of the coastal ocean is accomplished
with a variety of new platforms and sensors that include the local acquisition of satellite imagery
from the international constellation of thermal infrared and ocean color sensors, a triple-nested
multi-static HF radar network for surface current mapping and waves, a fleet of long-duration
autonomous underwater gliders and a propeller-driven REMUS AUV equipped with physical
and optical sensors, a cabled observatory for water-column time series, an array of instrumented
scientific moorings, and a shore-based meteorological system.
UMCES supports an interdisciplinary oceanography faculty with an established record in
seagoing research, including participation in the Chesapeake Bay Observing System
(http://www.cbos.org/). The US Army Corps of Engineers FRF (http://www.frf.usace.army.mil/)
consists of a team of scientists, engineers and technical staff dedicated to maintaining an
observational system for nearshore processes, which carries out ongoing research on wavedriven flows and sediment transport, in addition to providing facilities and logistical support for
community-wide scientific process studies.
We anticipate that the exact management structure for the proposed observing system
will be defined in the future, following guidelines established by the ORION Project Office.
One possible structure would involved oversight by a Scientific Board consisting of scientists
from each of the participating institutions (WHOI, URI, University of Connecticut, Rutgers
University, UMCES, and FRF) and other professionals (e.g, trained project managers and data
experts), as needed. The Board’s charge would be to consult with experts to oversee the system
with a focus on maximizing community access, ensuring two-way data transmission, overseeing
the web accessibility of observing system data, integrating with IOOS/MACOORA (described in
the previous section), and providing coordination with other operations occurring within the
region. The Board would communicate by means of regularly scheduled monthly conference
calls, which will be complemented with annual face-to-face planning meetings that will rotate
between all institutions.
WHOI, Rutgers, and FRF will each appoint a lead PI and a project manager. The lead
PIs will be their institutions’ representatives on the Scientific Board (or other oversight body)
and will have overall responsibility for the scientific aspects of the various elements of the
observing systems at their institutions. Each project manager will report to the lead PI at his or
22
her institution, and will be responsible for day-to-day oversight of the elements of the observing
system at each institution, including status of sensors, scheduled and unscheduled maintenance,
and coordination of technical personnel and tasks.
6. Data Management
The data management plan will follow the broad outlines of the Data Management and
Communications (DMAC) plan of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS; Hankin
et al., 2005, http://dmac.ocean.us/dacsc/imp_plan.jsp), will be compatible with the NSF
sponsored Real-time Observatories, Applications, and Data management Network (ROADNET)
system, and will follow any guidelines established by the ORION Project Office. The goal of the
data management plan is to collect data from the observing system, provide a secure and
accessible archive, and deliver real-time and delayed-mode observations to researchers,
educators, students, modeling centers, and federal agencies. Our data will provide the metadata
necessary for others to use the data with sufficient fidelity to derive secondary data products.
Each of the partner institutions will ensure that data originating from the observatory
components they operate will be freely supplied to relevant data archives. The quantity of data
to be generated and the complexity of these tasks will require a dedicated data manager at each
of the institutions.
Two types of data, real-time data and delayed-mode data, will be produced by the
proposed coastal observing system.
Real-time data will include complete core data from some sensors (for example, air
temperature, sea temperature, relative humidity, and salinity) and partial or averaged data from
other sources (for example, ADCP). These data will come directly from several sources: shorebased CODARS, cabled observatory node, and buoys equipped with data transmission systems.
For satellite data, real-time jpegs will be generated, but the data files will be available in delayed
mode, and will leverage existing NASA and NOAA satellite infrastructure. Information from
satellites to which NOAA and NASA have limited access (Indian OCM and Chinese FY-1D)
will be delivered only in delayed mode. Gliders will provide data every six hours upon periodic
surfacing; however to keep Iridium costs down, only decimated physical and optical
measurements will be telemetered and served in real-time; the full data sets will be made
available after the glider is recovered. Real-time data will be immediately archived and made
available on the web site in its raw form, and real-time jpegs will be posted. These data will be
linked to the interoperable systems through IOOS regional associations, science consortia such
as the Laboratory for the Ocean Observatory Knowledge Integration Grid (LOOKING), and
federal agencies. Each will require customization depending on the data source and client. For
example, the Department of Defense, with its security issues, currently accesses Rutgers glider
data via one way ftp, while NOAA interoperable systems operate distributed data networks. The
network system will necessarily serve both clients. Rutgers University’s last decade of
delivering ocean observatory data indicates that regional real-time data products will be of utility
to the general public, to researchers who adaptively sample, and to a variety of applied federal
agencies, including the US Navy, NOAA HazMat, and the US Coast Guard Search and Rescue.
Delayed-mode data will encompass a broad range of information that cannot be exported
in real time because of bandwidth or the need for analysis or processing. Many of the biological
and chemical measurements will require processing before dissemination. Some data (many
optical measurements) will become available quickly after a check of post-calibrations. This
post-calibrated data will be posted as a level-2 data product. The data will become public six
23
months after the end of the deployment period. Some data (for example, produced by VPRs or
Imaging Flow Cytometers) will provide unique challenges and may require interaction with the
NSF-sponsored LOOKING group that is focused on developing the cyber infrastructure
capabilities for the OOI. In addition, those products that might be derived from data (such as
particle size distribution) will be made available in delayed mode with appropriate metadata
standards to allow researchers to know how the numbers are derived.
The mix and modes of delayed versus real-time data will vary with platform. We intend
to conform to requirements specified by the ORION Project Office. Likely data strategies for the
different platforms are as follows.
Satellites: Real-time SST and ocean color data have been collected and images posted to
the web in near real-time since the early 1990’s by the Rutgers COOL group. Rutgers maintains
both an L-Band and X-Band satellite system. Users wishing to access the data are usually
directed to NASA and NOAA, who maintain excellent data retrieval capabilities. For those
ocean color satellites (OCM, FY-1C, FY-1D) not readily accessible by these agencies, Rutgers
collects the data and archives it at the University of Texas, Austin. This satellite capability will
be maintained and integrated into the OOI network.
CODAR: The northeast operates the only regional triple nested multi-static CODAR
network in the world. The data have been collected and archived since the late 1990’s with near
continuous data coverage. A national HF Radar Data Management Network is currently being
developed by Scripps Institution of Oceanography through the NSF ROADNET ITR Program.
Design goals for ROADNET include scalable networked architecture out to the sensor interface,
dynamic reconfigurations with the addition or removal of sensors, and Internet access to
integrated data along with visualization, data mining, analysis and modeling capabilities. The
ROADNET application to HF Radar Data Management includes multiple Collection Nodes that
are the point of entry to an Object Ring Buffer (ORBserver) that then communicates with a
Central Hub that includes a Relational Database Management System. The prototype Collection
Node at Scripps currently serves as the collection point for West Coast HF radar data. NOAA
has funded the development and installation of a second Collection Node at Rutgers to serve as
the collection point for East Coast HF Radar data.
Gliders: Decimated glider data will be delivered to shore every 6 hours and will be
posted and plotted on the Internet immediately. Currently, real-time data are made available via
one-way ftp, but this access will be upgraded to newer protocols as required. The real-time data
will be complemented by data delivered in delayed mode after the gliders are recovered. Post
calibration and quality control will be applied, and the full data set will be made available after
glider recovery, in accordance with ORION guidelines.
High-power sites and moorings: The high-power nodes/moorings and moorings will be
outfitted with two-way real-time communications capabilities, and data will be decimated as
necessary, transmitted, and posted as required in near real-time on the Internet. These data will
be raw with basic quality assurance. Fully quality controlled data will be made web available
within the timeframe required by ORION. The form and actual web accessibility will vary with
platform, with sophisticated instruments such as the Flow Cytobots taking longer then standard
data from off-the-shelf sensors.
7. Broader Impacts
Establishing the proposed long-term observing system in a region where growing high
density population centers increasingly impact coastal ecosystems provides numerous
24
opportunities for applied research (e.g., Schofield et al. 2003). For example, research in 2004
demonstrated that radar-derived surface current maps significantly improve Coast Guard Search
and Rescue capabilities within the New Jersey Shelf CODAR range. The NOAA HazMat Rapid
Response Team actively uses the CODAR current map overlays on satellite imagery to plan oil
spill responses. Research to use new glider-based sensors to continuously monitor coastal
hypoxia is now proposed by the NJ Department of Environmental Protection to improve
management response and reduce costs. The NJ Board of Public Utilities is funding research to
couple coastal upwelling observations, and eventually predictions, to coastal meteorological
models with the goal of improving seabreeze forecasts, which are funded by private power
companies and used to improve load forecasting during peak summer demand. The US Forest
Service is funding research on how the same seabreezes affect forest fires in the NJ Pinelands.
The proposed research will contribute to a broad range of educational programs,
including K-12, undergraduate, and graduate. K-12 activities will be coordinated with the Mid
Atlantic (MA) and New England (NE) Centers for Ocean Science Education Excellence
(COSEE). At the undergraduate level, we will provide research opportunities for students
participating in the NSF Research Internships in Ocean Sciences (RIOS) program at Rutgers, the
Undergraduate Research Program as part of the Coastal Studies major at the University of
Connecticut, and the Summer Student Fellowship Program at WHOI. Of particular interest is a
growing collaboration with the Center for Excellence in Remote Sensing Education and
Research at the minority-serving Elizabeth City State University in NC, where promising
students intern at Rutgers for hands-on research training in remote sensing. Ongoing
collaborations with the Douglass Project for Rutgers Women in Math, Science and Engineering
program focus on the proven excitement of underwater robotic technologies and will further
broaden this project’s impact. The proposed project also will contribute to a NSF Distinguished
Teaching Scholar (DTS) proposal Dr. Glenn was recently invited to submit. The DTS proposal
will pair Dr. Glenn with COSEE-MA educator Janice McDonnell to bring the COSEE-CA
Communicating Ocean Science course to Rutgers with the proposed datasets used for inquirybased education modules. At the graduate level, WHOI, the University of Rhode Island, the
University of Connecticut, Rutgers University, and the University of Maryland Center for
Environmental Science all have well established graduate education programs that attract highly
competitive students who will be offered the opportunity to participate in this research program.
In addition, Rutgers has established, in parallel with the University of Bergen in Norway, a new
Masters in Operational Oceanography program, developed to provide hands-on training to the
next generation of observatory operators in an operational research observatory.
Educational outreach efforts designed for the general public will be pursued through
WHOI’s Exhibit Center, which attracts approximately 25,000 visitors each year, including many
school groups, and the Liberty Science Center. A modular, interactive display that describes
coastal processes and features the MVCO is currently under development at the WHOI exhibit
center. Both the technology involved and the near realtime observations generated by our
proposed research will contribute to a successful and attractive exhibit designed to increase
general public awareness and knowledge about coastal ocean processes and ecosystems. Liberty
Science Center (in Jersey City, NJ), which attracts 700,000 visitors each year, is currently
undergoing renovations that include an exhibit on coastal ocean observatories designed in
collaboration with Rutgers educators and scientists.
25
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32
Appendix: Tables and Figures
Gliders (5)
Moorings (7)
High power nodes (2)
Exist. Cable sites (3)
Depth resolution*
Table 1. Instrument inventory for proposed observing system.
The number of each type of platform in operation at any one
time is specified in parentheses in the heading row. Numbers
in the table indicate sensors per platform.
PLATFORM
Meteorology
Packages/sensors
per platform
1
1
1
Large flux package
Small flux package
Discr
Discr
Hydrography
Prof
1
1
1
Temperature, Salinity
Discr
3
3
3
Velocity
Prof
2
2
2
Biology, Chemistry, Optics, and Acoustics
Small optics package
Prof
Discr
2
2
2
Large optics package
Prof
1
1
1
Small acoustics package
Prof
1
Large acoustics package
Prof
1
1
1
Plankton package
Discr
1
1
Nutrient analyzer, reagent
Discr
3
4 3/4
Nutrient sensor, no reagent
Prof
1
1
Nutrient analyzer, low power Discr
*Discr = discrete depths, Prof – high resolution vertical profile
33
1
0
1
1
Table 2. Power and bandwidth requirements for proposed
observing system components. Values in parentheses
represent lower estimates for compromise scenarios with noncontinuous operation of selected instruments and/or realtime
transmission of only partial data streams.
Component
Power
Data rate
(W)
(Kb hr-1)
*
Existing cabled sites
300 (170)
1.1 x 105 (650)
High power nodes/moorings 300 (170)
1.1 x 105 (650)
Moorings
45
2.3 x 103 (240)
Gliders
5
1.4 x 103 (50)
*Present capabilities are adequate for high requirements
Table 3. ORION proposals linked to this MAB Endurance Array.
Proposal title
Dynamics of Heat, Salt, Nutrients and
Plankton in the Coastal Ocean
(this proposal)
PIs
Trowbridge, Doney, He, Lentz, McGillicuddy,
Sosik, Gallager Wiebe, Hanson, Yoder,
Edson, Fennel, Chant, Glenn, Schofield,
Boicourt, Hanson
Institutions
WHOI, URI, U.
Conn, Rutgers, U.
Maryland, USACEFRF
Exchange and Interconnection between
Estuaries and the Continental Shelf: fluxes
of mass, nutrients, carbon and DNA
Geyer, Lentz, Mullineaux, Charette,
Ehrenbrink, Chant, O'Donnell, Goodman
WHOI, Rutgers, U.
Conn, and URI
Shelfbreak Processes and Exchange in the
Middle Atlantic Bight: A Coastal
Observatory
Gawarkiewicz, Flagg, Plueddemann, Owens,
Edwards, Houghton, Sheremet, Charette,
Yoder, Sosik
WHOI, Stony Brook,
UC-Santa Cruz,
LDEO, UI
Controls on the Carbon Cycle in the MidAtlantic Bight
McGillis, Raymond, Geyer, Edson
Columbia, Yale,
WHOI, U. Conn.
Elgar, Raubenhimer, Guza, O’Reilly,
Lippmann, Herbers
WHOI, SIO, Ohio
State U., NPGS
An Investigation of Air-Sea Interaction,
Cyclogenesis and Oceanic Response over
the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine
Edson, Colle, Haidvogel, Wilkin, Chen,
Cowles, Beardsley
U. Conn. Stony
Brook, Rutgers,
SMAST, WHOI
Flux of macrofauna in the estuarine and
coastal ocean of the Middle Atlantic Bight:
Able, Grothues, Mann, Hohn, Laney, Carter,
Chant
Rutgers, USF,
NMFS, U.S. Wildlife
Fed., U. New
England,
Nearshore Sediment Transport ARray (NSTAR)
34
Table 4. Lead Investigators for this ORION proposal.
Investigator
Institution
Bill Boicourt
University of Maryland
Robert Chant
Rutgers University
Scott Doney
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Jim Edson
University of Connecticut
Katja Fennel
Rutgers University
Scott Gallager
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Scott Glenn
Rutgers University
Al Hanson
University of Rhode Island
Jeff Hanson
US Army Corps of Engineers
Ruoying He
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Steve Lentz
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dennis McGillicuddy
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Oscar Schofield
Rutgers University
Heidi Sosik
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
John Trowbridge
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Peter Wiebe
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Jim Yoder
University of Rhode Island
35
Expertise
Physical Oceanography
Mixing Processes
Biogeochemistry
Marine Meteorology
Biogeochemical Modeling
Zooplankton Ecology
Coastal Oceanography
Nutrient Chemistry
Coastal Oceanography
Physical Oceanography
Physical Oceanography
Bio-physical modeling
Biological Oceanography
Phytoplankton Ecology
Mixing Processes
Zooplankton Ecology
Biologial Remote Sensing
Figure 1. Map of the MAB with elements of the proposed coastal observing system.
10
10
30
30
50
70
90
110
50
Nov. 03
Temperature
02-Nov-2003 20:39:08 - 09-Nov-2003 04:18:36
70
Sep. 04
90
Temperature
110
10
10
30
30
50
70
90
110
50
Nov. 03
70
bb470
90
02-Nov-2003 20:39:08 - 09-Nov-2003 04:18:36
74:10 74:00
73:50
73:40
73:30
73:20
110
73:10
16-Sep-2004 15:00:53 - 23-Sep-2004 11:57:27
Sep. 04
bb532
16-Sep-2004 15:00:53 - 23-Sep-2004
11:57:27
74:10 74:00 73:50 73:40 73:30
73:20 73:10
Figure 2. Cross-shelf transects of temperature (upper panels, colorbar range = 5-18 ºC) and
optical backscattering coefficients (lower panels, colorbar range = 0-0.01 m-1) as a function of
longitude and depth (m) measured from gliders deployed from the New Jersey coast. There is a
strong thermocline at 20 m in September 2004 and a much weaker thermocline at 50 m in
November 2003. Note the low water clarity over the inner shelf in November and the
resuspension event confined below the thermocline during a storm that occurred when the glider
was at mid shelf in September.
36
Figure 3. Highly schematic view of possible
surface/subsurface mooring pair that could serve at both
the high power and low power sites. The surface
mooring supports meteorological instruments and a
variety of water column sensors located at discrete
depths. The subsurface mooring supports a vertical
profiler with sensor suite. At the low power sites, low
bandwidth telemetry and current technologies for onboard solar and/or wind power are sufficient. At the high
power sites, seafloor cable access or new developments
(especially for will be necessary to meet the needs.
Figure 4. Existing CODAR coverage in the MAB.
37
A
Cryptophytes
Synechococcus
Mixed eukaryotes
C
B
Synechococcus
Eukaryotes
Figure 5. Example results for phytoplankton community analysis with unattended submersible
flow cytometry. Data from the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory demonstrate that
FlowCytobot (Olson et al. 2003, Sosik et al. 2003) can enumerate and size picophytoplankton
and small nanophytoplankton on the basis of single cell optical properties (A) continuously with
high temporal resolution (B). The more recently developed Imaging FlowCytobot (Olson and
Sosik 2004) has higher volume throughput and the added capability to image each cell so it can
provide cell abundance and taxonomic information for large nanoplankton and microplankton,
including chain-forming diatoms (C).
38
Figure 6. Example results for zooplankton community analysis with combined acoustics and
video imaging (Benfield et al. 2003). A 4-h 120 kHz acoustic record (color scale: red = -50 dB
to blue = -100 dB) collected from the BIOMAPER II towed vehicle in the Gulf of Maine in
December 1999. The presence of individual siphonulae (image A) determined from examination
of VPR images collected along the trajectory of BIOMAPER II is indicated by the white circles.
Other kinds of zooplankton (images B - E) observed with the VPR are also illustrated.
Figure 7. Example results for in situ nutrient analysis with reagent-based sensor technology.
SubChemPak Analyzer (a predecessor to the MARCHEM instrument (SubChem Systems)
proposed for use in this project) deployed on the XZ-Profiler towed instrumentation package.
The ribbon and contour plots represent the real time multi-chemical data obtained during a twohour undulating tow up the Providence River.
39
Figure 8. Example results for in situ phosphate analysis using reagent-based optical sensor
technology. A WET Labs CYCLE phosphate sensor (left) was deployed during Feb. – Mar.
2004, at 22 meters depth, on the UCSB CHARM Test-bed mooring off La Conchita, CA.
Phosphate concentrations (green), determined at 20 minute intervals, are compared to
temperature (red). Cooler waters resulting from wind driven upwelling events had higher
phosphate concentrations. WET Labs and SubChem Systems are presently developing a
CYCLE sensor for nitrate as is proposed for use in this project.
Figure 9. Model-simulated mean surface chlorophyll for July of 1994 (a) and SeaWiFS mean
chlorophyll for July of 2003 (b; same colorscale).
40
Key
Existing Service
Existing Facility
New Initiatives
Hawaii-2
Observatory
MV Coastal
Observatory
Station W
Ocean Bottom
Seismology
ARGO Floats
Mooring
Operations
& Rigging
Shop
Engineering
Labs
Calibration
Facilities
Ship
Operations
Coordination, Sensor/Platform Management & Engineering Support
Facility
Dependent
Management
& Oversight
Support
COSMOS
Center for
Ocean, Seafloor and Marine
Observing Systems
Development
Efforts &
Fundraising
Coordination and Transition to Operations
ALPS Activities
ORION Activities
Future
MRIs
and
TBD
Projects
Regional Observatory
System Management
Data Management
Node Design
Power Systems
AUV Docking
Instrumentation
Open Ocean
Coastal Ocean
System Management
System Management
Data Management
Data Management
Maintenance
Maintenance
Surface Moorings
Node Design
Eulerian Profilers
Eulerian Profiles
Acoustic/Optical Telemetry
Cabled Systems
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
AUV Development
Glider Development
Drifter Development
Lagrangian Profiler
Data Management
Telemetry
Communications
Figure 10. The purview of the WHOI Center for Ocean, Seafloor and Marine Observing
Systems (COSMOS).
41
FOR ORION USE ONLY
SUMMARY PROPOSAL BUDGET
YEAR 1
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Others
Proposed
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR
Granted
AWARD NO.
John H. Trowbridge
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PIs, Faculty and Other Senior Associates
Funded
List each separately with name and title. (A.7. Show number in brackets)
Funds
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
1. John Trowbridge, Principal Investigator (WHOI)
3
__
__
2. Dr. Alfred Hanson, Principal Investigator (URI)
5
__
__
3. James Edson, Principal Investigator (UCONN)
2
__
__
4. Oscar Schofield, Principal Investigator (Rutgers)
2
__
__
5. William Boicourt, Principal Investigator,(UMCES)
2
__
__
6. (12) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)
32
__
__
7. (17) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6)
46
__
__
B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)
1. (___) POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATES
__
__
__
2. (31) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.)
372 __
__
3. (4) GRADUATE STUDENTS
4. (___) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
5. (1) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)
6. ( ) OTHER
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B)
C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS)
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C)
D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)
WHOI - Cables/Nodes: 942,000; Profiler Mooring:691,000; Surface Mooring:824,400; Glider Instrumentation:160,000
URI – Auto Analyzer:80,000; Computers (3):15,000;
UCONN:42,000
Rutgers – Cables/Nodes: 942,000; Profiler Mooring: 691,000; Surface Mooring:772,000;
Glider Instrumentation:160,000
UCMES – Cables/Nodes:612,000; Cross-shelf Wave Array:248,000; Surface Mooring:924,000;
Glider Instrumentation:160,000
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS)
2. FOREIGN
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT
1. STIPENDS
$ _____
2. TRAVEL
_____
3. SUBSISTENCE
_____
4. OTHER
_____
TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS (_____)
TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
2. PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION
3. CONSULTANT SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER _____
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
Funds
Requested By
Granted
Proposer
(If Different)
$31,136
41,000
21,096
19,103
19,600
285,051
416,986
$_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
1,951,714
102,604
_____
35,604
_____
2,506,908
907,502
3,414,410
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
7,263,400
43,107
8,000
_____
629,200
18,400
_____
_____
_____
1,134,556
1,782,156
12,511,073
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FURTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECT SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K)
2,959,261
15,470,334
_____
$15,470,334
AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT: $_____
_____
_____
_____
$_____
M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL $_____
PI/PD TYPED NAME AND SIGNATURE*
DATE
FOR ORION USE ONLY
ORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE*
DATE
INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION
Date Checked Date of Rate Sheet
Initials-ORG
_____
_____
OOI Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions
*SIGNATURES REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET (GPG III.C)
FOR ORION USE ONLY
SUMMARY PROPOSAL BUDGET
YEAR 2
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Others
Proposed
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR
Granted
AWARD NO.
John H. Trowbridge
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PIs, Faculty and Other Senior Associates
Funded
List each separately with name and title. (A.7. Show number in brackets)
Funds
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
1. John Trowbridge, Principal Investigator (WHOI)
3
2. Dr. Alfred Hanson, Principal Investigator (URI)
5
3. James Edson, Principal Investigator (UCONN)
2
4. Oscar Schofield, Principal Investigator (Rutgers)
2
5. William Boicourt, Principal Investigator,(UMCES)
2
6. (12) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)
32
7. (17) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6)
46
B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)
1. (___) POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATES
__
2. (31) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.)
372
3. (4) GRADUATE STUDENTS
4. (___) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
5. (1) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)
6. ( ) OTHER
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B)
C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS)
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C)
D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)
Funds
Requested By
Granted
Proposer
(If Different)
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
$ 32,691
42,230
22,151
20,058
20,580
299,300
437,010
$_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
__
__
__
__
_____
2,048,384
106,748
_____
37,392
_____
2,629,535
959,208
3,588,743
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS)
2. FOREIGN
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT
1. STIPENDS
$ _____
2. TRAVEL
_____
3. SUBSISTENCE
_____
4. OTHER
_____
TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS (_____)
TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
2. PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION
3. CONSULTANT SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER _____
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
_____
43,107
8,000
_____
_____
_____
145,000
18,400
_____
_____
_____
914,476
1,077,876
4,717,726
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FURTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECT SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K)
2,734,645
7,452,371
_____
$7,452,371
_____
_____
_____
$_____
M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL $_____
PI/PD TYPED NAME AND SIGNATURE*
AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT: $_____
DATE
FOR ORION USE ONLY
ORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE*
DATE
_____
_____
OOI Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions
*SIGNATURES REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET (GPG III.C)
INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION
Date Checked Date of Rate Sheet
Initials-ORG
FOR ORION USE ONLY
SUMMARY PROPOSAL BUDGET
YEAR 3
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Others
Proposed
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR
Granted
AWARD NO.
John H. Trowbridge
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PIs, Faculty and Other Senior Associates
Funded
List each separately with name and title. (A.7. Show number in brackets)
Funds
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
1. John Trowbridge, Principal Investigator (WHOI)
3
2. Dr. Alfred Hanson, Principal Investigator (URI)
5
3. James Edson, Principal Investigator (UCONN)
2
4. Oscar Schofield, Principal Investigator (Rutgers)
2
5. William Boicourt, Principal Investigator,(UMCES)
2
6. (12) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)
32
7. (17) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6)
46
B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)
1. (___) POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATES
__
2. (31) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.)
372
3. (4) GRADUATE STUDENTS
4. (___) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
5. (1) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)
6. ( ) OTHER
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B)
C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS)
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C)
D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)
Funds
Requested By
Granted
Proposer
(If Different)
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
$34,323
43,497
23,258
21,061
21,609
314,265
458,013
$_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
__
__
__
__
_____
2,149,947
111,089
_____
39,252
_____
2,758,301
1,013,461
3,771,762
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS)
2. FOREIGN
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT
1. STIPENDS
$ _____
2. TRAVEL
_____
3. SUBSISTENCE
_____
4. OTHER
_____
TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS (_____)
TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
2. PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION
3. CONSULTANT SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER _____
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
_____
43,107
8,000
_____
_____
_____
145,000
18,400
_____
_____
_____
915,257
1,078,657
4,901,526
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FURTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECT SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K)
2,864,708
7,766,234
_____
$7,766,234
_____
_____
_____
$_____
M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL $_____
PI/PD TYPED NAME AND SIGNATURE*
AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT: $_____
DATE
FOR ORION USE ONLY
ORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE*
DATE
_____
_____
OOI Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions
*SIGNATURES REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET (GPG III.C)
INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION
Date Checked Date of Rate Sheet
Initials-ORG
FOR ORION USE ONLY
SUMMARY PROPOSAL BUDGET
YEAR 4
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Others
Proposed
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR
Granted
AWARD NO.
John H. Trowbridge
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PIs, Faculty and Other Senior Associates
Funded
List each separately with name and title. (A.7. Show number in brackets)
Funds
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
1. John Trowbridge, Principal Investigator (WHOI)
3
2. Dr. Alfred Hanson, Principal Investigator (URI)
5
3. James Edson, Principal Investigator (UCONN)
2
4. Oscar Schofield, Principal Investigator (Rutgers)
2
5. William Boicourt, Principal Investigator,(UMCES)
2
6. (12) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)
32
7. (17) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6)
46
B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)
1. (___) POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATES
__
2. (31) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.)
372
3. (4) GRADUATE STUDENTS
4. (___) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
5. (1) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)
6. ( ) OTHER
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B)
C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS)
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C)
D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)
Funds
Requested By
Granted
Proposer
(If Different)
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
$
36,042
44,802
24,421
22,114
22,689
329,976
480,044
$_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
__
__
__
__
_____
2,256,502
115,595
_____
41,222
_____
2,893,363
1,070,744
3,964,107
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS)
2. FOREIGN
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT
1. STIPENDS
$ _____
2. TRAVEL
_____
3. SUBSISTENCE
_____
4. OTHER
_____
TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS (_____)
TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
2. PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION
3. CONSULTANT SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER _____
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
_____
43,107
8,000
_____
_____
_____
145,000
18,400
_____
_____
_____
916,077
1,079,477
5,094,691
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FURTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECT SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K)
2,995,733
8,090,424
_____
$8,090,424
_____
_____
_____
$_____
M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL $_____
PI/PD TYPED NAME AND SIGNATURE*
AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT: $_____
DATE
FOR ORION USE ONLY
ORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE*
DATE
_____
_____
OOI Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions
*SIGNATURES REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET (GPG III.C)
INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION
Date Checked Date of Rate Sheet
Initials-ORG
FOR ORION USE ONLY
SUMMARY PROPOSAL BUDGET
YEAR 5
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Others
Proposed
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR
Granted
AWARD NO.
John H. Trowbridge
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PIs, Faculty and Other Senior Associates
Funded
List each separately with name and title. (A.7. Show number in brackets)
Funds
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
1. John Trowbridge, Principal Investigator (WHOI)
3
2. Dr. Alfred Hanson, Principal Investigator (URI)
5
3. James Edson, Principal Investigator (UCONN)
2
4. Oscar Schofield, Principal Investigator (Rutgers)
2
5. William Boicourt, Principal Investigator,(UMCES)
2
6. (12) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)
32
7. (17) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6)
46
B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)
1. (___) POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATES
__
2. (31) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.)
372
3. (4) GRADUATE STUDENTS
4. (___) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
5. (1) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)
6. ( ) OTHER
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B)
C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS)
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C)
D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
Funds
Requested By
Granted
Proposer
(If Different)
$
37,843
46,146
25,642
23,220
23,823
346,481
503,155
$_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
2,368,422
120,302
_____
43,284
_____
3,035,163
1,131,279
4,166,441
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS)
2. FOREIGN
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT
1. STIPENDS
$ _____
2. TRAVEL
_____
3. SUBSISTENCE
_____
4. OTHER
_____
TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS (_____)
TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
2. PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION
3. CONSULTANT SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER _____
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
_____
43,107
8,000
_____
_____
_____
145,000
18,400
_____
_____
_____
916,937
1,080,337
5,297,885
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FURTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECT SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K)
3,133,554
8,431,439
_____
$8,431,439
_____
_____
_____
$_____
M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL $_____
PI/PD TYPED NAME AND SIGNATURE*
AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT: $_____
DATE
FOR ORION USE ONLY
ORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE*
DATE
_____
_____
OOI Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions
*SIGNATURES REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET (GPG III.C)
INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION
Date Checked Date of Rate Sheet
Initials-ORG
FOR ORION USE ONLY
CUMULATIVE PROPOSAL BUDGET
ORGANIZATION
PROPOSAL NO.
DURATION (MONTHS)
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Others
Proposed
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR/PROJECT DIRECTOR
Granted
AWARD NO.
John H. Trowbridge
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL: PI/PD, Co-PIs, Faculty and Other Senior Associates
Funded
List each separately with name and title. (A.7. Show number in brackets)
Funds
Person-months
CAL ACAD SUMR
1. John Trowbridge, Principal Investigator (WHOI)
15
2. Dr. Alfred Hanson, Principal Investigator (URI)
20
3. James Edson, Principal Investigator (UCONN)
10
4. Oscar Schofield, Principal Investigator (Rutgers)
10
5. William Boicourt, Principal Investigator,(UMCES)
10
6. (12) OTHERS (LIST INDIVIDUALLY ON BUDGET EXPLANATION PAGE)
160
7. (17) TOTAL SENIOR PERSONNEL (1-6)
230
B. OTHER PERSONNEL (SHOW NUMBERS IN BRACKETS)
1. (___) POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATES
__
2. (31) OTHER PROFESSIONALS (TECHNICIAN, PROGRAMMER, ETC.)
1860
3. (4) GRADUATE STUDENTS
4. (___) UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
5. (1) SECRETARIAL - CLERICAL (IF CHARGED DIRECTLY)
6. ( ) OTHER
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A + B)
C. FRINGE BENEFITS (IF CHARGED AS DIRECT COSTS)
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS (A + B + C)
D. EQUIPMENT (LIST ITEM AND DOLLAR AMOUNT FOR EACH ITEM EXCEEDING $5,000.)
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
Granted
Proposer
(If Different)
$
__
__
Funds
Requested By
172,035
217,675
116,569
105,556
108,301
1,575,072
2,295,208
$_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
10,774,970
556,339
_____
196,754
_____
13,823,270
5,082,194
18,905,464
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
E. TRAVEL
1. DOMESTIC (INCL. CANADA, MEXICO AND U.S. POSSESSIONS)
2. FOREIGN
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT
1. STIPENDS
$ _____
2. TRAVEL
_____
3. SUBSISTENCE
_____
4. OTHER
_____
TOTAL NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS (_____)
TOTAL PARTICIPANT COSTS
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
2. PUBLICATION/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION
3. CONSULTANT SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER _____
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F&A) (SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
7,263,400
215,535
40,000
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
1,209,200
92,000
_____
_____
_____
4,797,303
6,098,503
32,522,902
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS (F&A)
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS (IF FOR FURTHER SUPPORT OF CURRENT PROJECT SEE GPG II.D.7.j.)
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST (J) OR (J MINUS K)
14,687,901
47,210,802
_____
$47,210,802
AGREED LEVEL IF DIFFERENT: $_____
_____
_____
_____
$_____
M. COST SHARING: PROPOSED LEVEL $_____
PI/PD TYPED NAME AND SIGNATURE*
DATE
FOR ORION USE ONLY
ORG. REP. TYPED NAME & SIGNATURE*
DATE
INDIRECT COST RATE VERIFICATION
Date Checked Date of Rate Sheet
Initials-ORG
_____
_____
OOI Form 1030 (10/99) Supersedes All Previous Editions
*SIGNATURES REQUIRED ONLY FOR REVISED BUDGET (GPG III.C)
Collaborative Research: Dynamics of Heat, Salt, Nutrients, and Plankton in the Coastal Ocean
John Trowbridge (WHOI), Alfred Hanson (URI), James Edson (UCONN), Oscare Schofield (Rutgers), Williams Biocourt (UMCES)
01 October 2007 - 30 September 2012
BUDGET
10/1/2007
10/1/2008
10/1/2009
10/1/2010
10/1/2011
9/30/2008
9/30/2009
9/30/2010
9/30/2011
9/30/2012
Approximate Labor Months
A. SENIOR P
Totals
Mos/Yr
1. John Tro
3,3,3,3,3
31,136
32,691
34,323
36,042
37,843
172,035
2. Dr. Alfre
5,5,5,5,5
41,000
42,230
43,497
44,802
46,146
217,675
3. J. Edson
2,2,2,2,2
21,096
22,151
23,258
24,421
25,642
116,569
4. Oscar S
2,2,2,2,2
19,103
20,058
21,061
22,114
23,220
105,556
5. William
2,2,2,2,2
19,600
20,580
21,609
22,689
23,823
108,301
6. Ruoying
3,3,3,3,3
17,050
17,903
18,796
19,736
20,725
94,210
Steven L
3,3,3,3,3
29,626
31,108
32,663
34,296
36,010
163,703
Heidi So
3,3,3,3,3
22,868
24,013
25,212
26,475
27,798
126,366
Peter W
3,3,3,3,3
35,386
37,155
39,011
40,962
43,014
195,528
Dennis M
3,3,3,3,3
25,445
31,592
27,515
29,453
30,926
144,931
Scott Do
3,3,3,3,3
30,091
26,717
33,174
34,834
36,576
161,392
Scott Ga
3,3,3,3,3
24,957
26,202
28,053
28,888
30,333
138,433
W. Bohle
1,1,1,1,1
15,000
15,750
16,538
17,364
18,233
82,884
Scott Gl
2,2,2,2,2
25,637
26,919
28,265
29,678
31,162
141,661
Robert C
2,2,2,2,2
14,601
15,331
16,098
16,902
17,747
80,679
Katja Fe
2,2,2,2,2
13,396
14,066
14,769
15,508
16,283
74,022
Laurenc
2,2,2,2,2
16,994
17,844
18,736
19,673
20,657
93,904
TBA Ana
2,2,2,2,2
14,000
14,700
15,435
16,207
17,017
77,359
TOTAL 32 m/yr=160 m/total
285,051
299,300
314,265
329,976
346,481
1,575,072
TOTAL SE 46 m/yr=230 m/total
416,986
437,010
458,013
480,044
503,155
2,295,208
3,772,841
2. OTHER PROFESSIONALS
WHOI - 126 ,126,126,126,126
682,834
716,914
752,782
790,383
829,928
URI - Ch
12,12,12,12,12
42,645
43,924
45,242
46,599
47,997
226,408
UCONN
16,16,16,16,16
85,333
89,600
94,080
98,784
103,723
471,521
Rutgers 120,120,120,120,120
532,418
559,038
586,990
616,340
647,157
2,941,943
UMCES 114,114,114,114,114
608,484
638,908
670,853
704,396
739,616
3,362,257
1,951,714
2,048,384
2,149,947
2,256,502
2,368,422
10,774,970
WHOI
53,990
56,142
58,404
60,740
63,184
292,460
URI - 1 Student
21,914
22,571
23,249
23,946
24,664
116,344
UCONN - 1 Student
26,700
28,035
29,437
30,909
32,454
147,534
102,604
106,748
111,089
115,595
120,302
556,339
35,604
37,392
39,252
41,222
43,284
196,754
2,506,908
2,629,535
2,758,301
2,893,363
3,035,163
13,823,270
907,502
959,208
1,013,461
1,070,744
1,131,279
5,082,194
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND
3,414,410
3,588,743
3,771,762
3,964,107
4,166,441
18,905,464
D. EQUIPMENT (SEE DETAIL)
7,263,400
TOTAL O 372 m/yr=1860 m/total
3. GRADUA
TOTAL GRADUATE STUDEN
5. SECRETA
L. Cannata (WHOI)
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES
FRINGE BENEFITS
7,263,400
E. TRAVEL (See Individual Budgets for detail)
1. Domestic
2. Foreign
TOTAL TRAVEL
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS (SEE D
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS
I. INDIRECT COSTS (See Individu
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIREC $
43,107
43,107
43,107
43,107
43,107
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
40,000
51,107
51,107
51,107
51,107
51,107
255,535
1,782,156
1,077,876
1,078,657
1,079,477
1,080,337
6,098,503
12,511,073
4,717,726
4,901,526
5,094,691
5,297,885
32,522,902
2,959,261
2,734,645
2,864,708
2,995,733
3,133,554
14,687,901
15,470,334
$
7,452,371
$
7,766,234
ALL INSTITUTIONS
$
8,090,424
$
8,431,439
215,535
$
47,210,802
BUDGET DETAIL
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Total
D. EQUIPMENT (See Individual Budgets for detail)
WHOI
1. Cables/Nodes
942,000
2. Profiler Mooring
691,000
3. Surface Mooring
824,400
4. Glider Instrumentation
TOTAL WHOI
160,000
2,617,400
2,617,400
URI
Auto Analyzer
80,000
Computers (3)
15,000
TOTAL URI
95,000
95,000
42,000
42,000
UCONN
Rutgers
Cables/Nodes
942,000
Profiler Mooring
691,000
Surface Mooring
772,000
Glider Instrumentation
TOTAL RUTGERS
160,000
2,565,000
2,565,000
UCMES
Cables/Nodes
612,000
Cross-shelf Wave Array
248,000
Surface Mooring
924,000
Glider Instrumentation
TOTAL UCMES
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
160,000
1,944,000
1,944,000
7,263,400
7,263,400
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS (See Individual Budgets for detail)
1. Materials and Supplies
a. WHOI
40,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
160,000
b. URI
40,000
40,000
40,000
40,000
40,000
200,000
c. UCONN
489,200
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
549,200
d. Rutgers
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
150,000
e. UMCES
Total Materials and Supplies
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
150,000
629,200
145,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
1,209,200
35,000
2. Publication Costs
a. WHOI
7,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
c. UCONN
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,400
7,000
d. Rutgers
7,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
35,000
e. UMCES
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
15,000
18,400
18,400
18,400
18,400
18,400
92,000
a. WHOI
328,925
328,925
328,925
328,925
328,925
1,644,625
b. URI
35,368
36,111
36,892
37,712
38,572
184,655
c. UCONN
38,200
38,200
38,200
38,200
38,200
191,000
d. Rutgers
461,163
297,940
297,940
297,940
297,940
1,652,923
e. UMCES
270,900
213,300
213,300
213,300
213,300
1,124,100
Total Publication Costs
5. Other
Total Other
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COST
1,134,556
914,476
915,257
916,077
916,937
4,797,303
1,782,156
1,077,876
1,078,657
1,079,477
1,080,337
6,098,503
ALL INSTITUTIONS
Collaborative Research: Dynamics of Heat, Salt, Nutrients, and Plankton in the Coastal Ocean
Scott Doney, Scott Gallager, Ruoying He, Steven Lentz, Dennis McGillicuddy, Heidi Sosik, John Trowbridge, Peter Wiebe
01 October 2007 - 30 September 2012
BUDGET
10/1/2007
9/30/2008
10/1/2008
9/30/2009
10/1/2009
10/1/2010
9/30/2010
9/30/2011
Approximate Labor Months
10/1/2011
9/30/2012
Totals
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL
1. John Trowbridge, Principal Investigator
Ruoying He, Co-Principal Investigator
Steven Lentz, Co-Principal Investigator
Heidi Sosik, Co-Principal Investigator
Peter Wiebe, Co-Principal Investigator
Dennis McGillicuddy, Co-Principal Investigator
Scott Doney, Co-Principal Investigator
Scott Gallager, Co-Principal Investigator
Total Senior Personnel (24 mos p/yr)
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
216,559
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
227,381
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
238,747
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
250,686
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
263,225
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1,196,598
B. OTHER PERSONNEL
2. Research Assistant II, TBA
John Lund, Engineer Assistant III
Jim Dunn, Engineer Assistant III
Scott Worrilow, Sr. Engineer Assistant II
Jay Sisson, Sr. Research Assistant II
Steve Faluotico, Engineer Assistant III
Janet Fredericks, Info. Systems Associate III
Craig Marquette, Engineer II
Bob Groman, Info. Systems Specialist
Mike Purcell, Sr. Engineer
Nancy Copley, Research Associate II
TBA Project Manager
Total Other Professionals (12 people) 126 hrs each yr
12.0
12.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
682,834
12.0
12.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
716,914
12.0
12.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
752,782
12.0
12.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
790,383
12.0
12.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
829,928
60.0
60.0
30.0
30.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
30.0
3,772,841
3. Graduate Research Assistant
Graduate Research Assistant
Total GRA's (2 people)
12.0
12.0
53,990
12.0
12.0
56,142
12.0
12.0
58,404
12.0
12.0
60,740
12.0
12.0
63,184
60.0
60.0
292,460
5. Linda Cannata, Staff Assistant
Total Secretarial-Clerical
12.0
35,604
12.0
37,392
12.0
39,252
12.0
41,222
12.0
43,284
60.0
196,754
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A+B)
C. FRINGE BENEFITS
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS
$
D. EQUIPMENT (SEE DETAIL)
988,987
431,781
1,420,768
$
2,617,400
1,037,829
453,343
1,491,172
$
1,089,185
476,015
1,565,200
$
1,143,031
499,802
1,642,833
$
1,199,621
524,807
1,724,428
$
5,458,653
2,385,748
7,844,401
-
-
-
-
1,944
3,480
300
1,332
3,020
300
10,376
1,944
3,480
300
1,332
3,020
300
10,376
1,944
3,480
300
1,332
3,020
300
10,376
1,944
3,480
300
1,332
3,020
300
10,376
1,944
3,480
300
1,332
3,020
300
10,376
51,880
20,000
10,000
10,000
40,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
30,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
30,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
30,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
30,000
60,000
50,000
50,000
160,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
35,000
4,000
50,000
12,000
13,000
30,000
80,000
13,440
92,000
34,485
328,925
375,925
4,000
50,000
12,000
13,000
30,000
80,000
13,440
92,000
34,485
328,925
365,925
4,000
50,000
12,000
13,000
30,000
80,000
13,440
92,000
34,485
328,925
365,925
4,000
50,000
12,000
13,000
30,000
80,000
13,440
92,000
34,485
328,925
365,925
4,000
50,000
12,000
13,000
30,000
80,000
13,440
92,000
34,485
328,925
365,925
20,000
250,000
60,000
130,000
150,000
400,000
67,200
460,000
34,485
1,709,625
1,969,625
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS
4,424,469
1,867,473
1,941,501
2,019,134
2,100,729
12,353,306
I. INDIRECT COSTS
a. Laboratory Costs (A+B+C less GRA x 57.39%+GRA salaries x 28.70
b. General and Administrative Costs (A+B+C x 37.24%)
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS
799,889
529,094
1,328,983
839,676
555,312
1,394,988
881,512
582,881
1,464,393
925,395
611,790
1,537,185
971,522
642,176
1,613,698
4,417,994
2,921,253
7,339,247
E. TRAVEL
1. Domestic
a. 4 RT/yr Boston, MA - San Francisco, CA
Per Diem 4@ $174 x 5 days
Ground Transportation
b. 4 RT/yr Woods Hole, MA - New Brunswick, NJ
Per Diem 4@ $151 x 5 days
Ground Transportation
TOTAL TRAVEL
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. Material and Supplies
a. Mooring hardware
b. Glider Hardware
c. Stockroom supplies
Total Materials and Supplies
2. Publication Costs 50pgs@$140pg
6. Other
a. Communications and Xeroxing
b. Insurance
c. MVCO hookup fee
d. Argos
e. Iridium fee
f. Sensor calibration and maintenance
g. Shop services 320hrs yrs 1-5 @$42hr.
h. Ship Time: Tioga 40 days/yrs 1-5 @$2300 per day
i. Tuition (2 students/9 mos/yr @ $1,915.83)
Total Other Costs
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS
$
5,753,452
$
3,262,461
$
3,405,894
$
3,556,319
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will cost share in accordance with current National Science Foundation policies.
WHOI
$
3,714,427
2,617,400
$
19,692,553
BUDGET DETAIL
Year 1
D. EQUIPMENT
1. Cables/Nodes:
FlowCytobot 3@$90000
Imaging FlowCytobot 3@$60000
VPR 3@$30000
CYCLE-NO3 9@$18000
HOCR w/shutter (hyperspectral irradiance) 3@$12000
Large flux package (Met) 3@$68000
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Total
270,000
180,000
90,000
162,000
36,000
204,000
942,000
2. Profiler Mooring:
MMP, with T/S.velocity 6@$65000
ADCP, upward looking over float (Nortek 1 MHz) 4@$14000
OCR-507 w/shutter (multi-spectral irradiance) 6@$11000
ECO-triplet w/shutter (Chl, CDOM, bb) 6@$8500
ISUS-NO3 4@$32000
390,000
56,000
66,000
51,000
128,000
691,000
3. Surface Mooring:
ADCP, bottom-mounted (RDI 300 kHz) 4@23000
T/S 12@$3200
ECO-triplet w/shutter (Chl, CDOM, bb) 10@$8500
CYCLE-NO3 12@$18000
Multifrequency bio-acoustics 5@$65000
Small flux package (Met) 2@$34000
92,000
38,400
85,000
216,000
325,000
68,000
824,400
4. Glider Instrumentation:
MARCHEM-NO3 4@$35000
Broadband bio-acoustics 4@$5000
TOTAL EQUIPMENT
140,000
20,000
2,617,400
-
WHOI
-
-
-
160,000
2,617,400
BUDGET DETAIL - URI NUTRIENT OBSERVATION COMPONENT - ORION RFA
YR 1
A. Senior Personnel
1 Dr. Alfred Hanson PI
Mos/Yr
5,5,5,5,5
YR 2
YR 3
YR 4
YR 5
TOTAL
$41,000
$42,230
$43,497
$44,802
$46,146
$217,675
$42,645
$21,914
$105,559
$43,924
$22,571
$108,726
$45,242
$23,249
$111,988
$46,599
$23,946
$115,347
$47,997
$24,664
$118,808
$226,408
$116,344
$560,427
$59,045
$60,816
$62,641
$64,520
$66,456
$313,478
$164,604
$169,542
$174,628
$179,867
$185,263
$873,905
D. Permanent Equipment
Auto Analyzer
Computers (3)
TOTAL PERMANENT EQUIPMENT
$80,000
$15,000
$95,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$95,000
E. Travel 1. Domestic (Turn arounds, project meetings)
2. Foreign
$14,000
$0
$14,000
$0
$14,000
$0
$14,000
$0
$14,000
$0
$70,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$5,000
$35,000
$1,000
$1,500
$18,000
$14,868
$75,368
$5,000
$35,000
$1,000
$1,500
$18,000
$15,611
$76,111
$5,000
$35,000
$1,000
$1,500
$18,000
$16,392
$76,892
$5,000
$35,000
$1,000
$1,500
$18,000
$17,212
$77,712
$5,000
$35,000
$1,000
$1,500
$18,000
$18,072
$78,572
$25,000
$175,000
$5,000
$7,500
$90,000
$82,155
$384,655
$348,972
$259,654
$265,520
$271,579
$277,835
$1,423,560
122,248
$400,083
$400,083
$584,566
$2,008,127
$2,008,127
B. Other Personal
2 Chemical Ocg. Technician (MS)
3 URI Graduate Student
TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES (A+B)
12,12,12,12,12
C. Fringe Benefits
(40% 1&2)
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS
F. Participant Support Costs
G. Other Direct Costs
1 Lab Materials and Supplies
2 Expendable Reagent Paks (CYCLE and MARCHEM)
3 Communications
4 Freight
5 CYCLE & MARCHEM Service and Repairs
6 Graduate Student Tuition
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A through G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS RATE=44%, BASE=MTDC
TOTAL INDIRECT COSTS
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS
K. TOTAL AMOUNT OF URI REQUEST
$
111,748
$460,720
$460,720
$
114,248
$373,901
$373,901
URI
$
116,829
$382,349
$382,349
$
119,495
$391,073
$391,073
$
Development of a Low Power Direct Covariance Flux System
James B. Edson
Y1 = 04/05
Year I
10/1/07 9/30/2008
A. Senior Personnel
Acad
Sum
1 J. Edson
2/2/2/2/2
2. W. Bohlen
1/1/1/1/1 mo/yr
Total Senior Personnel
1. Technician (16/16/16/16/16 months/year)
2. Post Doctoral Associate
3. Graduate Students - academic year Level 1
4. Graduate Students - summer salary Level 1
Total Graduate Student Costs
5. Undergraduates
6. Other
Total Salary and Wages
C. Fringe Benefits
Total Salary, Wages & Fringe
D. Equipment
*
E. Travel 1. Domestic
2. Foreign
F. Participant Support Costs
1. Stipends
2. Travel
3. Subsistence
4. Other
Total Participant Costs
*
G. Other Direct Costs
1. Material and supplies
2. Publicati 10 pages @ $140/page
3. Consultant Services
4. SSF
*
5. Subcontract
6. Other (Ship Time, Insurance, Shop Services)
Total Other Direct Costs
H. Total Direct Costs
I. Indirect Costs @
J.
Total Direct & Indirect Costs
Indirect Cost Base
48%
Year II
10/1/08 9/30/2009
Year III
10/1/09 9/30/2010
Year IV
10/1/10 9/30/2011
Year V
10/1/11 9/30/2012
Total
$21,096
$15,000
$36,096
$85,333
$0
$20,000
$6,700
$26,700
$22,151
$15,750
$37,901
$89,600
$0
$21,000
$7,035
$28,035
$23,258
$16,538
$39,796
$94,080
$0
$22,050
$7,387
$29,437
$24,421
$17,364
$41,786
$98,784
$0
$23,153
$7,756
$30,909
$25,642
$18,233
$43,875
$103,723
$0
$24,310
$8,144
$32,454
$116,569
$82,884
$199,453
$471,521
$0
$110,513
$37,022
$147,534
$0
$0
$148,129
$155,536
$163,313
$171,478
$180,052
$818,508
$37,931
$186,060
$42,000
$6,731
$41,776
$197,312
$0
$6,731
$45,498
$208,811
$0
$6,731
$49,487
$220,965
$0
$6,731
$53,762
$233,814
$0
$6,731
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$228,454
$1,046,962
$42,000
$33,655
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$489,200
$1,400
$0
$0
$0
$38,200
$15,000
$1,400
$0
$0
$0
$38,200
$15,000
$1,400
$0
$0
$0
$38,200
$15,000
$1,400
$0
$0
$0
$38,200
$15,000
$1,400
$0
$0
$0
$38,200
$549,200
$7,000
$0
$0
$0
$191,000
$528,800
$54,600
$54,600
$54,600
$54,600
$747,200
$763,591
$346,364
$258,643
$124,149
$270,142
$129,668
$282,296
$135,502
$295,145
$141,670
$1,869,817
$877,353
$1,109,955
$382,791
$399,810
$417,798
$436,815
$2,747,170
$721,591
$258,643
$270,142
$282,296
$295,145
$1,827,817
IDC Base - all costs less equipment, SSF's, subcontract amounts in excess of the first $25K.
UCONN
Year 1
FRINGE BENEFIT
WORKSHEET
Salary
Year 2
Fringe
Fringe
Rate
Total
Salary
Year 3
Fringe
Fringe
Rate
Total
Salary
Year 4
Fringe
Fringe
Rate
Total
Salary
Year 5
Fringe
Fringe
Rate
Total
Salary
Fringe
Fringe
Rate
Total
A. Senior Personnel
1
$36,096
2
$0
23%
$8,122
$37,901
$0
$0
24%
$9,096
$39,796
$9,949
$41,786
$10,864
$43,875
$0
$0
25%
$0
$0
26%
$0
$0
27%
$11,846
$0
3
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
4
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
5
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$10,864
$43,875
$11,846
$0
6. ( ) Total Senior Personnel
$36,096
$8,122
$37,901
1. Technician
$85,333
$0
30%
$25,600
$89,600
26%
$0
$0
3. Graduate Students AY
$20,000
18%
$3,620
4. Grads summer salary
$6,700
9%
$590
1%
$0
2. Post Doctoral Associates
5. Undergrads
6. Other
Subtotal
Fringe Grand Total
$9,096
$39,796
31%
$27,776
$94,080
27%
$0
$0
$21,000
20%
$4,200
$7,035
10%
$704
1%
$0
$0
$148,129
$37,931
$41,776
$41,786
32%
$30,106
$98,784
33%
$32,599
$103,723
34%
28%
$0
$0
29%
$0
$0
30%
$0
$22,050
21%
$4,631
$23,153
22%
$5,094
$24,310
23%
$5,591
$7,387
11%
$813
$7,756
12%
$931
$8,144
13%
$1,059
1%
$0
1%
$0
1%
$0
$0
$163,313
$45,498
$125,204
Year I
Year II
Year III
Year IV
Year V
Permanent Equipment (UConn Lab)
a. NIS Radiometer/Pressure Calibration Standards
b. CSZ ZP44 T/RH Calibration Chamber
Total
10,000
32,000
$42,000
$0
$0
$0
$0
Travel
a. 2 RT/yr Avery Point - Woods Hole, MA
Per Diem 2@ $105 x 3 days
$315
$315
$315
$315
$315
Ground Transportation - Mileage (240 miles RT)
$180
$180
$180
$180
$180
$1,092
$1,092
$1,092
$1,092
$1,092
$90
$90
$90
$90
$90
Per Diem 2@ $151 x 3 days
$906
$906
$906
$906
$906
Ground Transportation - Train
$300
$300
$300
$300
$300
d. 2 RT/year Avery Point - Duck, NC
$800
$800
$800
$800
$800
$1,002
$1,002
$1,002
$1,002
$1,002
$390
$390
$390
$390
$390
b. Summer Experiments WHOI 1 weeks/year
Per Diem 2@ $156 x 7 days
Ground Transportation - Mileage (240 miles RT)
c. 2 RT/yr Woods Hole, MA - New Brunswick, NJ
Per Diem 2@ $167 x 3 days
Ground Transportation-Rental
e. 1 RT/yr Boston, MA - San Francisco, CA
Per Diem 1@ $174 x 5 days
Ground Transportation
Total
486
486
486
486
486
870
870
870
870
870
300
$6,731
300
$6,731
300
$6,731
300
$6,731
300
$6,731
Materials & Supplies
Mooring operations costs:
Argos
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
Profiler Mooring:
MMP, with T/S.velocity 2@$65000
130,000
ADCP, upward looking over float (Nortek 1 MHz) 2@$14000
28,000
OCR-507 w/shutter (multi-spectral irradiance) 2@$11000
22,000
ECO-triplet w/shutter (Chl, CDOM, bb) 2@$8500
17,000
ISUS-NO3 2@$32000
64,000
Surface Mooring:
ADCP, bottom-mounted (RDI 300 kHz) 2@23000
46,000
T/S 6@$3200
19,200
ECO-triplet w/shutter (Chl, CDOM, bb) 4@$8500
34,000
CYCLE-NO3 2@$18000
36,000
Small flux package (Met) 2@$34000
68,000
Mooring hardware
Total
20,000
$489,200
10,000
$15,000
10,000
$15,000
10,000
$15,000
10,000
$15,000
Other Direct Costs
Shipping & Communications
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
Sensor calibration and maintenance
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
Shop services 100hrs yrs 1-5 @$42hr.
4,200
4,200
4,200
4,200
4,200
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
20,000
38,200
38,200
38,200
38,200
38,200
Insurance
Ship Time: R/V Connecticut 4 days/yrs 1-5 @$500 per day
Total Other Costs
$0
$9,949
$0
$155,536
$0
UCONN
$0
$171,478
$49,487
$35,266
$0
$180,052
$53,762
RUTGERS BUDGET 2
Yr 1
Yr 2
Yr 3
Yr 4
Yr 5
10/1/07 9/30/08
10/1/08 9/30/09
10/1/09 9/30/10
10/1/109/30/11
10/1/119/30/12
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL
Oscar Schofield, Principal Investigator
Scott Glenn, Co-Principal Investigator
Robert Chant, Co-Principal Investigator
Katja Fennel, Co-Principal Investigator
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
B. OTHER PERSONNEL
Josh Kohut, Operations Director
Jen Bosch, Satellites
Hugh Roarty, CODAR
Liz Creed, Glider / Node Hardware
John Kerfoot, Glider / Node Software
Chip Haleman, Moorings
Eli Hunter, Moorings
Sage Lichtenwalner, Data Management
Janice McDonnel, Education & Outreach
Courtney Kohut, Project Coordinator
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
C. TOTAL SALARIES AND WAGES
FRINGE BENEFITS
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS
$605,155
$181,022
$786,177
$635,412
$195,664
$831,076
$667,183
$211,317
$878,500
$700,542
$228,046
$928,588
$735,569
$245,920
$981,489
$3,343,861
$1,061,969
$4,405,830
D. EQUIPMENT (> 5,000)
Cables/Nodes
FlowCytobot 3 @ 90,000
Imaging FlowCytobot 3 @ 60,000
VPR 3 @ 30,000
CYCLE-NO3 9 @ 18,000
HOCR w/shutter (hyperspectrical iradiance) 3 @ 12,000
Large flux package (Met) 3 @ 68,000
Subtotal Cables/Nodes
Profiler Mooring
MMP, with T/S velocity 6 @ 65,000
ADCP, upward looking over float (Nortek 1 MHz) 4 @ 14,00
OCR-507 w/shutter (multi-spectral irradiance) 6 @ 11,000
ECO-triplet w/shutter (Chl, CDOM, bb) 6 @ 8,500
ISUS-NO3 4 @ 32,000
Subtotal Profiler Mooring
Surface Mooring
ADCP, bottom-mounted (RDI 300 kHz) 4 @ 23,000
ECO-triplet w/shutter (Chl, CDOM, bb) 8 @ 8,500
CYCLE-NO3 12 @ 18,000
Multifrequency bio-acoustics 4 @ 35,000
Small flux package (Met) 4 @ 34,000
Subtotal Surface Mooring
Glider Instrumentation
MARCHEM-NO3 4 @ 35,000
Broadband bio-acoustics 4 @ 5,000
Subtotal Glider Instrumentation
TOTAL EQUIPMENT > 5,000
E. TRAVEL
Domestic
Foreign
TOTAL TRAVEL
TOTALS
$270,000
$180,000
$90,000
$162,000
$36,000
$204,000
$942,000
$270,000
$180,000
$90,000
$162,000
$36,000
$204,000
$942,000
$390,000
$56,000
$66,000
$51,000
$128,000
$691,000
$390,000
$56,000
$66,000
$51,000
$128,000
$691,000
$92,000
$68,000
$216,000
$260,000
$136,000
$772,000
$92,000
$68,000
$216,000
$260,000
$136,000
$772,000
$140,000
$20,000
$160,000
$2,565,000
$140,000
$20,000
$160,000
$2,565,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS
Rutgers
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$30,000
$20,000
$50,000
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
Glider Batteries
2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINA
3. CONSULTING SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER
Argos
T/S 12 @ 3,200
Mooring Hardware
CODAR Hardware
Profiler Mooring Hardware
Cables/Nodes Hardware
Glider Hardware
Satellite Data Licence
Satellite Hardware
Phone
High-Speed Internet
Power
Insurance
LEO Hookup Fee
Iridum Fee
Calibration
Ship services 320 hrs yrs 1-5 @ 42 hr
Software - DACNet Control Software
Shiptime: Samantha Miller - 4 days @ 2,000
Shiptime: Connecticut - 10 days @ 4,500
Shiptime: Arabella - 30 days @ 1,500
TOTAL OTHER
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
$30,000
$7,000
$30,000
$7,000
$30,000
$7,000
$30,000
$7,000
$30,000
$7,000
$150,000
$35,000
$13,000
$38,400
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$7,500
$20,000
$12,000
$30,000
$10,000
$13,440
$124,823
$8,000
$44,000
$45,000
$461,163
$498,163
$13,000
$13,000
$13,000
$13,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$7,500
$20,000
$12,000
$30,000
$10,000
$13,440
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$7,500
$20,000
$12,000
$30,000
$10,000
$13,440
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$7,500
$20,000
$12,000
$30,000
$10,000
$13,440
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$7,500
$20,000
$12,000
$30,000
$10,000
$13,440
$65,000
$38,400
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$75,000
$37,500
$100,000
$60,000
$150,000
$50,000
$67,200
$8,000
$44,000
$45,000
$297,940
$334,940
$8,000
$44,000
$45,000
$297,940
$334,940
$8,000
$44,000
$45,000
$297,940
$334,940
$8,000
$44,000
$45,000
$297,940
$334,940
$40,000
$220,000
$225,000
$1,652,923
$1,837,923
$3,859,340
$1,176,016
$1,223,440
$1,273,528
$1,326,429
$8,858,753
TOTAL WITHOUT F & A
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
54%
$641,164
$2,672,000
$4,500,504
54%
$577,269
$107,000
$1,753,285
54.5%
$608,460
$107,000
$1,831,900
54.5%
$635,758
$107,000
$1,909,286
54.5%
$664,589
$107,000
$1,991,018
$3,127,239
$3,100,000
$11,985,992
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST
$4,500,504
$1,753,285
$1,831,900
$1,909,286
$1,991,018
$11,985,992
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F & A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
FACILITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
Rutgers
UMCES BUDGET FINAL
Yr 1
10/1/07 9/30/08
Yr 2
10/1/08 9/30/09
Yr 3
10/1/09 9/30/10
Yr 4
10/1/109/30/11
Yr 5
10/1/119/30/12
TOTALS
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL
Williams Boicourt, Principal Investigator
Laurence Sanford, Co-Principal Investigator
TBA Analyst
B. OTHER PERSONNEL
2. TBA Operations Director
Carole Derry, Moorings
Tom Wazniak, Moorings
Phil Derry, Moorings, Gliders
Steve Suttles, Mooring, Gliders
Randy Cone, Data Management
TBA Gliders, Instruments
Laura Murray, Education and Outreach
Jane Hawkey, Project Coordinator
TBA Waves Instruments
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
30.0
60.0
60.0
C. TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS
$856,801
D. EQUIPMENT (> 5,000)
Cables/Nodes
FlowCytobot 2 @ 90,000
Imaging FlowCytobot 2 @ 60,000
VPR 3 @ 6,000
CYCLE-NO3 3 @ 18,000
HOCR w/shutter (hyperspectrical iradiance) 3 @ 12,000
Large flux package (Met) 3 @ 68,000
Subtotal Cables/Nodes
Cross-shelf Wave Array
Datawell Directional Waveriders 3 @ 60,000
Small flux package (Met) 2 @ 34,000
Subtotal Cross-shelf Wave Array
Surface Mooring
ADCP, bottom-mounted (RDI 300 kHz) 6 @ 23,000
ECO-triplet w/shutter (Chl, CDOM, bb) 12 @ 8,500
CYCLE-NO3 16 @ 18,000
Multifrequency bio-acoustics 6 @ 35,000
Small flux package (Met) 4 @ 34,000
Subtotal Surface Mooroing
Glider Instrumentation
MARCHEM-NO3 4 @ 35,000
Broadband bio-acoustics 4 @ 5,000
Subtotal Glider Instrumentation
TOTAL EQUIPMENT > 5,000
E. TRAVEL
Domestic
Foreign
TOTAL TRAVEL
$899,641
$944,623
$991,854
$1,041,447
$4,734,366
$180,000
$120,000
$18,000
$54,000
$36,000
$204,000
$612,000
$180,000
$120,000
$18,000
$54,000
$36,000
$204,000
$612,000
$180,000
$68,000
$248,000
$180,000
$68,000
$248,000
$138,000
$102,000
$288,000
$260,000
$136,000
$924,000
$138,000
$102,000
$288,000
$260,000
$136,000
$924,000
$140,000
$20,000
$160,000
$1,944,000
$140,000
$20,000
$160,000
$1,944,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$6,000
$4,000
$10,000
$30,000
$20,000
$50,000
$30,000
$3,000
$30,000
$3,000
$30,000
$3,000
$30,000
$3,000
$30,000
$3,000
$150,000
$15,000
$13,000
$57,600
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$7,500
$20,000
$30,000
$15,000
$52,800
$270,900
$303,900
$13,000
$13,000
$13,000
$13,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$7,500
$20,000
$30,000
$15,000
$52,800
$213,300
$246,300
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$7,500
$20,000
$30,000
$15,000
$52,800
$213,300
$246,300
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$7,500
$20,000
$30,000
$15,000
$52,800
$213,300
$246,300
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$7,500
$20,000
$30,000
$15,000
$52,800
$213,300
$246,300
$65,000
$57,600
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$50,000
$75,000
$100,000
$37,500
$100,000
$150,000
$75,000
$264,000
$1,124,100
$1,289,100
$1,155,941 $1,200,923 $1,248,154
$1,297,747
$8,017,466
47.5%
$567,793
47.5%
$591,350
$2,759,496
F. PARTICIPANT SUPPORT COSTS
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES
Glider Batteries
2. PUBLICATION COSTS/DOCUMENTATION/DISSEMINATION
3. CONSULTING SERVICES
4. COMPUTER SERVICES
5. SUBAWARDS
6. OTHER
Argos
T/S 18 @ 3,200
Mooring Hardware
Cables/Nodes Hardware
Glider Hardware
Satellite Hardware
Phone
Instrument spares, mooring
Power
Insurance
Iridum Fee
Calibration
Shiptime:R/V Slover 24 days @ 2,200/day
TOTAL OTHER
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
H. TOTAL DIRECT COSTS (A THROUGH G)
I. INDIRECT COSTS (F & A)(SPECIFY RATE AND BASE)
FACILITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
$3,114,701
47.5%
$531,003
47.5%
$523,992
47.5%
$545,358
TOTAL WITHOUT F & A
J. TOTAL DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS (H + I)
$3,645,704
$1,679,933 $1,746,281 $1,815,947
$1,889,097
$10,776,962
K. RESIDUAL FUNDS
L. AMOUNT OF THIS REQUEST
$3,645,704
$1,679,933 $1,746,281 $1,815,947
$1,889,097
$10,776,962
UMCES
Collaborative Research: Dynamics of Heat, Salt, Nutrients, and Plankton in the Coastal Ocean
Jeff Hanson, US Army Corps of Engineers
01 October 2007 - 30 September 2012
BUDGET
10/1/2007
9/30/2008
10/1/2008
10/1/2009
10/1/2010
9/30/2009
9/30/2010
9/30/2011
Approximate Labor Months
10/1/2011
9/30/2012
Totals
A. SENIOR PERSONNEL
1. Jeff Hanson, Principal Investigator
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
15.0
B. OTHER PERSONNEL
2. Research Assistant II, TBA
Kent Hathaway, Senior Engineer
12.0
6.0
12.0
6.0
12.0
6.0
12.0
6.0
12.0
6.0
60.0
30.0
$353,600
$353,600
$353,600
$353,600
$353,600
TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES AND FRINGE BENEFITS
E. TRAVEL
1. Domestic
Ground Transportation
TOTAL TRAVEL
G. OTHER DIRECT COSTS
1. Material and Supplies
2. Publication Costs
TOTAL OTHER DIRECT COSTS
$1,768,000
2,300
300
2,600
2,300
300
2,600
2,300
300
2,600
2,300
300
2,600
2,300
300
2,600
13,000
7,500
2,500
10,000
7,500
2,500
10,000
7,500
2,500
10,000
7,500
2,500
10,000
7,500
2,500
10,000
37,500
12,500
50,000
USACE
Overall budget justification
The overall budget compiled for this ambitious research program is much
larger than budgets for typical NSF projects. The large budget is due in part to the
proposed high level of observational work and interdisciplinary and interinstitutional collaboration. However, the major reason for the large budgets is that
we have included costs for a substantial level of observatory operation and
maintenance activity, which is critical for the proposed instruments and specialized
sampling platforms. These costs have some analogy to costs for maintenance and
operation of research ships that are used in conventional oceanography proposals,
which do not appear in proposal budgets. The operation and maintenance costs and
activities that we have included are not independent of those required for the base
observatory infrastructure, and as such could be highly leveraged with planned
ORION operations budgets.
The overall budget summarizes the sum of the budgets for all six participating
institutions, and includes salaries and associated costs, equipment, travel, other direct
costs, and indirect costs. Budgets for the individual institutions, which follow the overall
budget, summarize the details for each institution.
For all institutions, salaries, fringe benefits, and overhead costs associated with
salaries and fringe benefits are calculated using an automated program that has built-in
inflation and overhead rates forecast for future years. This was the only method available
for computations of salaries and related costs. All other costs are based on 2005 prices.
As stated in the section on Program Management, the responsibilities for the
elements of the proposed observational system will be divided among the participating
institutions. WHOI will be responsible for the glider transect, existing cabled MVCO
site, midshelf node/mooring, and shelfbreak mooring off WHOI. URI will be responsible
for substantial coordination of nutrient measurements. UConn will be responsible for
substantial coordination of the meteorological measurements and for the mooring at the
entrance to Long Island Sound. Rutgers will be responsible for the glider transect,
existing cabled LEO site, midshelf node/mooring, and shelfbreak mooring off Rutgers, as
well as the mooring at the entrance to the Hudson estuary. UMCES and FRF will share
responsibility for the glider transect, existing cabled FRF site, and shelfbreak mooring off
FRF. UMCES will be responsible for the moorings at the entrances to Delaware and
Chesapeake Bays.
WHOI Budget justification
The salaries for all institutions are calculated using an automated program that has built in
inflation and overhead rates forecast for future years; this was the only method available for
salary computations. All other costs are based on 2005 prices.
Personnel
PIs Doney, Gallager, He, Lentz, McGillicuddy, Sosik, Trowbridge and Wiebe will have
overall responsibility for the project. Sosik will focus on execution and analysis of
phytoplankton measurements, Gallager and Wiebe will focus on execution and analysis of
zooplankton measurements, Trowbridge and Lentz will focus on execution and analysis of
physical measurements, He will focus on physical modeling, and Doney and McGillicuddy will
focus on coupled bio-physical modeling. All PIs will collaborate on analysis, synthesis and
publication of the measurement and simulation results.
Support personnel Lund, Dunn, Worrilow, Sisson, Faluotico, Fredericks, Marquette,
Groman, Purcell, Copley, Cannata, TBA Project Manager, and TBA Research Assistant II will
carry out the operational aspects of the project and assist with various phases of the analysis and
dissemination. WHOI personnel will have direct responsibility for all observations conducted
along the cross-shelf line anchored on the shoreside by MVCO. Lund will have responsibility
for the glider measurements. Dunn and Worrilow will be responsible for preparation,
deployment, recovery, maintenance, and calibration of sensors. Marquette and Sisson will be
responsible for shipboard operations. Purcell and Faluotico will provide mechanical and
electrical engineering support, respectively. Fredericks and Groman will be responsible for data
retrieval, archiving, quality control, and dissemination. Copley and TBA Research Assistant II
will provide support for the zooplankton and phytoplankton sensor systems, including carrying
out sampling and analyses as part of the mooring turn-around cruises. Cannata will carry out
communications, photocopying, and assist with reporting and publications tasks.
Support is requested for two Graduate Research Assistants, who will have the
opportunity to participate in all aspects of the proposed research, while pursuing doctoral degrees
through the WHOI/MIT Joint Program in Oceanography.
Equipment
Support is requested for the submersible sensor systems required for the proposed
observations. These requests include the costs of a complete set of instrumentation, plus a partial
second set to support cost effective turnaround and avoid disrupting time series observations.
Turnaround at the nearshore site (MVCO) will be staggered with that at the mid-shelf and
shelfbreak so a complete second set is not needed.
The proposed hydrographic observations require temperature/conductivity sensors (T/S;
Seabird, SBE-37) and two types of moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP), one
deployed in a bottom-mounted upward looking mode (RDI, 300 KHz) and a second mounted
upward looking in the upper water (Nortek, 1 MHz).
Meterological measurements will be made with two types of sensor systems, both
capable of providing mean meteorological, turbulent and radiative flux, and wave measurements.
The proposed large flux package for the high power sites is comprised of the following: sonic
anemometer (Gill Instruments, R3), hygrometer (LI-COR, IRGA 7500), pyranometer (Kipp &
Zonen, CM21), pyrgeometer (Kipp & Zonen, CG4), pressure/temperature/relative humidity
sensor (Vaisala, PTU200), micrologger (Campbell, CR23X), inertial sensing system
(SystronDonner, MotionPak), compass (Precision Navigation), rain gauge (RM Young), and
custom data logger. The proposed small flux package for the low power sites is comprised of the
following: sonic anemometer (Gill Instruments, R350), pyranometer (Kipp & Zonen, CM21),
pyrgeometer (Kipp & Zonen, CG4), pressure/temperature/relative humidity sensor (Vaisala,
PTU200), micrologger (Campbell, CR10X), inertial sensing system (SystronDonner,
MotionPakII), compass (Precision Navigation), rain gauge (RM Young), and custom data logger.
In-water optical measurements will be made with a combination of
fluorometer/backscattering meters (WET Labs, ECO-triplet for chlorophyll, CDOM, and
backscattering), for all sites and gliders, and spectral radiometers of two types: multi-spectral
(Satlantic, OCR-507) on the lower power moorings and additionally, hyperspectral (Satlantic,
HOCR) at the high power nodes sites. We have presumed availability of the ECO-triplet sensor,
equipped with Bio-Wiper (anti-fouling shutter) on the basis of communication with WET Labs.
Nutrient sampling will be done with a combination of reagent-free technology (Satlantic,
ISUS) with rapid response time, and reagent-based sensors optimized for moored deployment
(WET Labs, CYCLE-NO3) and glider deployment (SubChem, MARCHEM). As described in
the proposal text, the MARCHEM system is underdevelopment by one of the project PIs and
expected to be available for the start of this project. The availability of the CYCLE-NO3 sensor
is presumed on the basis of communication with WET Labs, which currently markets their newly
developed CYCLE-PO4 and plans to expand the series to NO3 within a year.
Multi-frequency bio-acoustic measurements will be done with bottom-mounted upward
looking transducers (HTI, 120, 200, 420 KHz) at the high power sites and broadband tranducers
(WHOI-custom) on the gliders.
Plankton sensors required for the proposed observations are a zooplankton optical
imager (Seascan, Video Plankton Recorder), a submersible flow cytometer for small
phytoplankton (WHOI-custom, FlowCytobot), and a submersible imaging flow cytometer for
large phytoplankton (WHOI-custom, Imaging FlowCytobot). In the event that
commercialization of FlowCytobot and/or Imaging FlowCytobot occurs before this project
begins, we would purchase them from the commercial source.
High resolution vertical profiling is proposed for both the low power and high power
mooring sites. A variety of infrastructure solutions are possible to provide this capability. For
budgeting purposes, we have indicated use of a commercially available moored profiler
(McLane, MMP), with integrated T/S sensors, at both the low and high power sites. Aspects of
this system are not ideally suited to the proposed research because it does not profile the top of
the water column, and it does not have built-in capability for power recharge following each
profile. In addition, our required sensor payload (added optical puck, irradiance sensor, and
nutrient sensor) may exceed the current capabilities. Nonetheless, the MMP would provide most
of the required capability and could be used if other engineering solutions do not emerge from
ORION activities.
Travel
Travel funds are requested for participation in a national scientific meeting (e.g, AGU)
each year by four PIs and for travel to a project meeting each year by four PIs.
Other Direct Costs
Materials and Supplies – Funds are requested to support hardware, connectors, cables
and other supplies for sensor deployment and maintenance on all of the observatory
infrastructure, construction and maintenance costs for the proposed valve/plumbing assembly
required for the plankton sensors, computer supplies for data processing and analysis, and
laboratory supplies for sample collection and analysis.
Publication costs – Funds are requested in each project year to support the cost of
publication of scientific results in peer-reviewed journals.
Other – Additional direct costs will be incurred as part of routine activities each project
year. Communications expenses will come from interaction within the project team and with the
broader research community. There will be annual expenses for insurance on the instrument
systems. The annual usage fee for MVCO is required under WHOI’s current facility structure.
Costs are included for routine communication 1) with the gliders during cross-shelf transects as
fees for the Iridium-based link presently used by Slocum gliders and 2) with the moorings as fees
for Argos service. Sensor calibration and maintenance costs are included here for all physical,
biological, and chemical sensors on the MVCO line, except for the submersible nutrient
analyzers, which will be supported by the URI team (see URI budget and justification). WHOI
shop services will provide annual support for sensor integration with observatory infrastructure
and support for mooring turn-around cruises. Costs of ship-based access to the MVCO line
infrastructure for sensor maintenance and sampling are represented here as the cost for use of
WHOI’s 60 foot coastal vessel the R/V Tioga. We also request support to partially offset the
cost of tuition for the Graduate Research Assistants.
Indirect Costs
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution calculates overhead rates (both Laboratory
Costs and General & Administrative Costs) as a percent of total direct salaries and benefits, as
allowed by OMB Circular A-122. Direct salaries exclude overtime-premium pay. A proposed
labor month is equal to 152 hours or 1824 hours annually versus 2080 hours (40 hours/week for
52 weeks). The difference is for vacations, holidays, sick time, and other paid absences, which
are included in Employee Benefits.
The rates included in the proposal are negotiated with ONR or they are estimates. When
estimated rates are finalized, costs will be in accordance with the rate agreement.
Graduate student stipends are included in the total direct salary costs. However, they are
not included in the benefits base, and only 1⁄2 of the Laboratory Cost rate is applied to the
stipend because it is estimated that the GRA occupies a laboratory only 1⁄2 of his/her time, and
the balance is spent in education activities. Fifty-five percent (55%) of the GRAs' tuition is
included as a direct cost in this budget. The Institution provides the balance from Institution
endowment funds, including 100% of summer tuition.
With the assistance of Pricewaterhouse Coopers, WHOI undertook a study to determine
what our 1997 combined F&A overhead rate would be, if we used the MTDC method used by
most Universities, which are subject to OMB Circular A-21. We repeated the study and
determined that our rate for 2003 would be 48.06%--lower than most research institutions and
research-intensive universities.
URI Budget Justification
Personnel:
a) URI Nutrient Monitoring Component: Funds are requested (6 mo/yr) Alfred Hanson who
will be responsible for overall management and coordination of the URI nutrient monitoring
component of the project. For URI marine research scientists, all of their salary support is
usually derived from outside (non-state) funding. Funds are requested for a chemical
oceanographic technician (12 mo/yr) who will be responsible for the turnarounds for the moored
and glider-based nutrient analyzers. Funds are also requested for support and tuition for two
graduate student (doctoral or masters degree candidates in chemical oceanography) who will
assist with the nutrient analyzer calibrations, measurement comparisons, turnaround operations,
and data processing and analysis. The estimated funds for fringe benefits include 40% of the PI
and technician salary, and summer FICA and health insurance fees for the graduate student.
b) URI Remote Sensing Component: James Yoder is not requesting funds from NSF as part of
this proposal, but will submit a proposal to cover costs of remote sensing to another federal
agency.
Equipment: The URI budget does not include costs for the nutrient sensors and analyzers that
will be employed on moorings, cable nodes and gliders. The required CYCLE and MARCHEM
nutrient analyzers are included in the WHOI, Rutgers, FRF budgets. The URI budget does
request funds for a nutrient autoanalyzer for Hanson’s laboratory and some computers for
instrument testing, data acquisition and processing.
Travel: Funds are requested for domestic travel for the PIs and project staff to participate in
observatory project meetings and training sessions at WHOI, Rutgers and FRF, and to participate
in selected field experiments and multiple instrument/platform turnarounds (estimated at
$500/week/person @ WHOI & $1000/week/person @ Rutgers and FRF). A portion of these
travel funds will also be used for attendance at professional meetings for the PI to present papers
on some of the results from this research.
Other Direct Costs: Funds are requested for the general laboratory and computer materials and
supplies that are needed for the proposed nutrient monitoring effort, field tests and data analyses.
These items include the expendable chemical reagents packs for the nutrient analyzers, filters,
computer diskettes, software, and printer toner. The laboratory and computer materials and
supplies will only to be used in the conduct of the equipment development effort proposed
herein. Funds are requested factory calibration and repairs of the nutrient analyzers and freight
expenses. Other costs in this category include communications (for long distance fax and
telephone usage, and photocopy charges). Only applicable long distance telephone calls will be
charged to this grant.
Ship Costs: All ship costs and arrangements are not included.
Overhead: Indirect costs are charged (44%) on all costs except equipment (>$5000) and
graduate student tuition.
Rutgers Budget Justification
Personnel - Rutgers PIs Scott Glenn, Oscar Schofield, Robert Chant and Katja Fennel
will have overall responsibility for the Rutgers component of this project and will collaborate
with scientists from other institutions on the analysis, synthesis and publication of the full project
results. Specifically, Glenn and Schofield will be responsible for the satellite remote sensing, the
CODAR surface current mapping, and all in situ measurements along the LEO line including
gliders, the cabled observatory, the midshelf mooring and the shelfbreak mooring. Chant will be
responsible for the Hudson River plume mooring. Fennel will be responsible for the modeling.
This partitioning of responsibilities is fully consistent with existing and ongoing projects where
Glenn and Schofield have each led science projects near LEO, and Chant has led the NSF CoOP
study of the Hudson River plume. All PIs request two months of summer salary to augment their
ten month state supported salaries.
A balanced team of ten diverse research professionals are required by this project. Dr.
Josh Kohut, Director of the COOL Operations Center, to oversee and coordinate day to day
operations of the observatory. Jen Bosch will maintain and operate the satellite data acquisition
systems and continue to introduce new ocean color satellite data processing routines. Dr. Hugh
Roarty will maintain and operate the spatially-extensive HF Radar network, include the
processing of the data into a regional surface current mapping product. Liz Creed (hardware)
and John Kerfoot (software) will maintain, deploy, and operate the glider fleet and, in
collaboration with the Mid-Atlantic Bight National Undersea Research Center (MAB-NURC),
maintain and operate the new WetSat cabled observatory. Eli Hunter and Chip Haldeman to
maintain, deploy and recover all three buoys and will contribute to their data analysis. Sage
Lictenwalner will serve as the data manager, ensuring that the data streams are maintained, the
products generated, and that data/products are disseminated to the World Wide Web and to the
appropriate archive centers. Janice McDonnell, Director of the Center for Ocean Science
Excellence in Education – Mid-Atlantic (COSEE-MA) will assist scientists in their outreach
efforts including K-12 teacher education, both in service and in training, and serve as the liaison
between this NSF OOI effort and the Liberty Science Center. Courtney Kohut will serve as the
project coordinator, assisting with the reporting and finances. Each research professional
requests twelve months of funding per year so that their salary is fully covered to ensure
continuous 24/7 sustained operations for the full duration of this project.
Travel - Each PI will attend annual PI planning meetings at a rotating host institution for
the duration of this project, and each PI will attend one national/international conference per year
to present results. Additional travel funds are required for Dr. Roarty to visit the many CODAR
sites on a regular basis using an existing repair van.
Materials and Supplies – Material and supply costs are divided into two categories, those
that are unique to Rutgers, including Satellites, CODAR and the LEO cabled observatory, and
those that parallel the WHOI costs for in situ instrumentation that include the gliders, sensors for
the cabled observatory and Meteorological tower, and the midshelf and offshore moorings.
For the Rutgers specific needs, the Satellite remote sensing systems require annual
software license fees for the SeaSpace operating software and an annual license fee for the highresolution Indian OceanSat imagery. Each CODAR system requires power and a redundant set
of communications to operate efficiently. The most efficient combination for communications
has proven to be a standard phone line, either land-line or wireless, combined with a broadband
Internet service, either land-line or satellite. The LEO cabled observatory hardware is currently
being upgraded by WetSat through support from the MAB-NURC. Costs for upgraded control
software, the WetSat DACnet system, is requested to make maximum use of the new hardware
capabilities. While most of the LEO cabled observatory is maintained through the direct support
of the MAB-NURC, a small annual usage fee for the LEO cabled observatory is now charged by
the MAB-NURC to provide a greater level of service consistent with the expanding needs of
scientific users.
For the Rutgers systems that parallel the WHOI systems, these requests include the costs
of a complete set of instrumentation, plus a partial second set to support cost effective turnaround
and avoid disrupting time series observations. Turnaround at the nearshore site (LEO) will be
staggered with that at the mid-shelf and shelfbreak so a complete second set is not needed.
The proposed hydrographic observations require temperature/conductivity sensors (T/S;
Seabird, SBE-37) and two types of moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP), one
deployed in a bottom-mounted upward looking mode (RDI, 300 KHz) and a second mounted
upward looking in the upper water (Nortek, 1 MHz).
Meterological measurements will be made with two types of sensor systems, both
capable of providing mean meteorological, turbulent and radiative flux, and wave measurements.
The proposed large flux package for the high power sites is comprised of the following: sonic
anemometer (Gill Instruments, R3), hygrometer (LI-COR, IRGA 7500), pyranometer (Kipp &
Zonen, CM21), pyrgeometer (Kipp & Zonen, CG4), pressure/temperature/relative humidity
sensor (Vaisala, PTU200), micrologger (Campbell, CR23X), inertial sensing system
(SystronDonner, MotionPak), compass (Precision Navigation), rain gauge (RM Young), and
custom data logger. The proposed small flux package for the low power sites is comprised of the
following: sonic anemometer (Gill Instruments, R350), pyranometer (Kipp & Zonen, CM21),
pyrgeometer (Kipp & Zonen, CG4), pressure/temperature/relative humidity sensor (Vaisala,
PTU200), micrologger (Campbell, CR10X), inertial sensing system (SystronDonner,
MotionPakII), compass (Precision Navigation), rain gauge (RM Young), and custom data logger.
In-water optical measurements will be made with a combination of
fluorometer/backscattering meters (WET Labs, ECO-triplet for chlorophyll, CDOM, and
backscattering), for all sites and gliders, and spectral radiometers of two types: multi-spectral
(Satlantic, OCR-507) on the lower power moorings and additionally, hyperspectral (Satlantic,
HOCR) at the high power nodes sites. We have presumed availability of the ECO-triplet sensor,
equipped with Bio-Wiper (anti-fouling shutter) on the basis of communication with WET Labs.
Nutrient sampling will be done with a combination of reagent-free technology (Satlantic,
ISUS) with rapid response time, and reagent-based sensors optimized for moored deployment
(WET Labs, CYCLE-NO3) and glider deployment (SubChem, MARCHEM). As described in
the proposal text, the MARCHEM system is underdevelopment by one of the project PIs and
expected to be available for the start of this project. The availability of the CYCLE-NO3 sensor
is presumed on the basis of communication with WET Labs, which currently markets their newly
developed CYCLE-PO4 and plans to expand the series to NO3 within a year.
Multi-frequency bio-acoustic measurements will be done with bottom-mounted upward
looking transducers (HTI, 120, 200, 420 KHz) at the high power sites and broadband transducers
(WHOI-custom) on the gliders.
Plankton sensors required for the proposed observations are a zooplankton optical
imager (Seascan, Video Plankton Recorder), a submersible flow cytometer for small
phytoplankton (WHOI-custom, FlowCytobot), and a submersible imaging flow cytometer for
large phytoplankton (WHOI-custom, Imaging FlowCytobot). In the event that
commercialization of FlowCytobot and/or Imaging FlowCytobot occurs before this project
begins, we would purchase them from the commercial source.
High resolution vertical profiling is proposed for both the low power and high power
mooring sites. A variety of infrastructure solutions are possible to provide this capability. For
budgeting purposes, we have indicated use of a commercially available moored profiler
(McLane, MMP), with integrated T/S sensors, at both the low and high power sites. Aspects of
this system are not ideally suited to the proposed research because it does not profile the top of
the water column, and it does not have built-in capability for power recharge following each
profile. In addition, our required sensor payload (added optical puck, irradiance sensor, and
nutrient sensor) may exceed the current capabilities. Nonetheless, the MMP would provide most
of the required capability and could be used if other engineering solutions do not emerge from
ORION activities.
Miscellaneous costs will also include hardware, connectors, cables and other supplies for
sensor deployment and maintenance on all of the observatory infrastructure, construction and
maintenance costs for the proposed valve/plumbing assembly required for the plankton sensors,
computer supplies for data processing and analysis, and laboratory supplies for sample analysis.
Sensor calibration and maintenance costs are included here for all physical, biological, and
chemical sensors on the LEO line, except for the submersible nutrient analyzers, which will be
supported by the URI team (see URI budget). WHOI shop services will provide annual support
for sensor integration with observatory infrastructure and support for mooring turn-around
cruises since WHOI designed and built moorings will be used.
Publication costs – This project is expected to produce a significant number of scientific
and engineering publications as abstracts or proceedings at conferences, as student theses and
peer-reviewed papers, and as peer-reviewed publications by the PIs and their collaborators.
While modern desktop publishing capabilities will be used to reduce costs, funds are requested
each year for those publication costs that cannot be waived.
Communications – Communication needs for this project are significant. Gliders and
buoys outside of line-of-site radio modem range must use Iridium and ARGOS satellite
communication systems. The civilian rate Iridium link with the gliders is required for routine
data transfer and control. Additional communication costs are required to enable the Rutgers
PIs to interact with other project PIs and the broader community, and for Rutgers research
professionals to interact with equipment manufacturers and colleagues at WHOI.
Insurance – Annual insurance payments are required for all over-board equipment to
ensure that the equipment will be replaced if lost at sea. All land-based systems (CODAR,
Satellites) are covered by Rutgers general facilities insurance policy.
Shiptime – Rutgers repeatedly uses three research vessels for coastal operations. These
include UConn’s 80 foot R/V Connecticut, the NY Harbor Oil Spill Response Team’s 60 foot
Samantha Miller, and Rutgers own 50 foot R/V Arabella. The R/V Connecticut has been
successfully used numerous times by Rutgers for deepwater mooring deployments. The R/V
Arabella is used year-round for nearshore coastal deployments including gliders and cabled
observatory maintenance. The Samantha Miller has been used by Rutgers scientists on
numerous occasions for bottom tripod deployments.
Indirect Costs - Indirect costs are charged at the standard Rutgers rate of 55%. Indirect is
not charged on equipment or software over $5,000, or on rentals such as shiptime.
UConn Budget justification
Personnel
PI Edson has overall responsibility for the project. He will be assisted in these efforts by
Bohlen, who is the chief scientist for LISICOS and has extensive experience maintaining
mooring and bottom mounted arrays in the regions. Edson will oversee preparation, deployment,
analysis, and maintenance of the atmospheric measurements at the LIS site. Bohlen will oversee
preparation, deployment, analysis, and maintenance of the oceanic measurements at the LIS site.
Support personnel at UConn will carry out the operational aspects of the project and
assist with various phases of the analysis and dissemination. LISICOS ocean engineers and
research assistants will be responsible for preparation, deployment, recovery, maintenance, and
calibration of oceanic sensors. A TBD research assistant will be hired to assist Edson with
atmospheric measurements at the mooring site and as consultants to the other PIs on the overall
proposals at the MVCO, LEO, FRF and sentinel moorings. Lastly, support for one graduate
student per year is requested for the 5 years of the program. The student will assist in all facets
of the project. Staff assistants will carry out communications, photocopying, and assist with
reporting and publications tasks using support from the UConn.
Travel
Travel funds are requested to visit the other installations and their host institutions (i.e.,
WHOI, Rutgers and FRF/University of Maryland) as required by the project. Travel expenses
for a 1 week stay at WHOI each summer is requested to work on data analysis. Finally, travel
expenses for either Edson or Bohlen to attend a national meeting is each year is requested.
Other Direct Costs
Materials and Supplies – Support is requested for the submersible and air-side sensor
systems required for the proposed observations. These requests include the costs of a complete
set of instrumentation, plus a second set to support cost effective turnaround and avoid disrupting
time series observations.
The proposed hydrographic observations require temperature/conductivity sensors (T/S;
Seabird, SBE-37) and two types of moored acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP), one
deployed in a bottom-mounted upward looking mode (RDI, 300 KHz) and a second mounted
upward looking in the upper water (Nortek, 1 MHz).
High resolution vertical profiling is proposed for the low power mooring site. A variety
of infrastructure solutions are possible to provide this capability. For budgeting purposes, we
have indicated use of a commercially available moored profiler (McLane, MMP), with integrated
T/S sensors, at both the low and high power sites. Aspects of this system are not ideally suited to
the proposed research because it does not profile the top of the water column, and it does not
have built-in capability for power recharge following each profile. In addition, our required
sensor payload (added optical puck, irradiance sensor, and nutrient sensor) may exceed the
current capabilities. Nonetheless, the MMP would provide most of the required capability and
could be used if other engineering solutions do not emerge from ORION activities.
Meterological measurements will be made with a sensor system capable of providing
mean meteorological, turbulent and radiative flux, and wave measurements. The proposed small
flux package for the low power sites is comprised of the following: sonic anemometer (Gill
Instruments, R350), pyranometer (Kipp & Zonen, CM21), pyrgeometer (Kipp & Zonen, CG4),
pressure/temperature/relative humidity sensor (Vaisala, PTU200), micrologger (Campbell,
CR10X), inertial sensing system (SystronDonner, MotionPakII), compass (Precision
Navigation), rain gauge (RM Young), and custom data logger.
In-water optical measurements will be made with a combination of
fluorometer/backscattering meters (WET Labs, ECO-triplet for chlorophyll, CDOM, and
backscattering) and a multi-spectral radiometer. (Satlantic, OCR-507) at the mooring site. We
have presumed availability of the ECO-triplet sensor, equipped with Bio-Wiper (anti-fouling
shutter) on the basis of communication with WET Labs.
Nutrient sampling will be done with a combination of reagent-free technology (Satlantic,
ISUS) with rapid response time on the profiler, and reagent-based sensors optimized for moored
deployment (WET Labs, CYCLE-NO3). As described in the proposal text, the MARCHEM
system is underdevelopment by one of the project PIs and expected to be available for the start of
this project. The availability of the CYCLE-NO3 sensor is presumed on the basis of
communication with WET Labs, which currently markets their newly developed CYCLE-PO4
and plans to expand the series to NO3 within a year.
Miscellaneous costs will also include hardware, connectors, cables and other supplies for
sensor deployment and maintenance on the low-power mooring and profiler.
Publication costs – Funds are requested in each project year to support the cost of
publication of scientific results in conference proceedings and in peer-reviewed journals.
Other – Additional direct costs will be incurred as part of routine activities each project
year. Communications expenses will come from interaction within the project team and with the
broader research community. Sensor calibration and maintenance costs are included here for all
physical, biological, and chemical sensors on the MVCO line, except for the submersible nutrient
analyzers, which will be supported by the URI team (see URI budget). A RH/T calibration
chamber and radiometers to serve as radiation standards are requested to assist in these efforts.
UConn shop services will provide annual support for sensor integration with observatory
infrastructure and support for mooring turn-around cruises. Costs of ship-based access to the
LIS mooring and profiler for sensor maintenance and sampling are represented here as the cost
for use of the R/V Connecticut.
UMCES Budget justification
Personnel
PIs Boicourt and Sanford will have overall responsibility for the project. PIs will
collaborate on analysis, synthesis and publication of the measurement results.
Support personnel TBA Operations Director, C. Derry, T. Wazniak, P. Derry. S. Suttles,
TBA Research Assistant, R. Cone, TBA Research Assistant, L. Murray, J. Hawkey, J. Seabrease,
and and TBA Research Assistant will carry out the operational aspects of the project and assist
with various phases of the analysis and dissemination. UMCES personnel will have direct
responsibility for all observations conducted along the cross-shelf line anchored on the shoreside
by FRF at Duck, NC. TBA Operations Director will serve as day-to-day executive officer to
ensure measurements are operationally continuous. This person will be assisted by the TBA
Project Coordinator. Suttles will assume primary responsibility for the gliders, but will be
assisted by P. Derry and a TBA Research Assistant with instrumentation specialty. C. Derry,
Wazniak, and Seabrease will be the primary personnel responsible for the mooring
instrumentation and turnaround cruises. Cone will provide primary data management, as well as
software support. Murray will coordinate the education and outreach activities.
Travel
Travel funds are requested for participation in an annual meeting each year by four PIs
and for travel to a project meeting each year by four PIs. In addition, funds are requested for
travel for turnaround cruises and for shore support of operations.
Other Direct Costs
Materials and Supplies – Support is requested for the submersible sensor systems
required for the proposed observations. These requests include the costs of a complete set of
instrumentation, plus a partial second set to support cost effective turnaround and avoid
disrupting time series observations. For 3 moorings, turnarounds will be staggered, such that 2
complete systems will be serviced onshore while 3 systems are active at sea.
The proposed hydrographic observations require temperature/conductivity sensors (T/S;
Seabird, SBE-37), RDI 300 kHZ ADCP’s deployed in a bottom-mounted upward looking mode
and a second mounted upward looking in the upper water (Nortek, 1 MHz).
Meterological measurements will be made with two types of sensor systems, both
capable of providing mean meteorological, turbulent and radiative flux, and wave measurements.
The proposed large flux package for the high power sites is comprised of the following: sonic
anemometer (Gill Instruments, R3), hygrometer (LI-COR, IRGA 7500), pyranometer (Kipp &
Zonen, CM21), pyrgeometer (Kipp & Zonen, CG4), pressure/temperature/relative humidity
sensor (Vaisala, PTU200), micrologger (Campbell, CR23X), inertial sensing system
(SystronDonner, MotionPak), compass (Precision Navigation), rain gauge (RM Young), and
custom data logger. The proposed small flux package for the low power sites is comprised of the
following: sonic anemometer (Gill Instruments, R350), pyranometer (Kipp & Zonen, CM21),
pyrgeometer (Kipp & Zonen, CG4), pressure/temperature/relative humidity sensor (Vaisala,
PTU200), micrologger (Campbell, CR10X), inertial sensing system (SystronDonner,
MotionPakII), compass (Precision Navigation), rain gauge (RM Young), and custom data logger.
In-water optical measurements will be made with a combination of
fluorometer/backscattering meters (WET Labs, ECO-triplet for chlorophyll, CDOM, and
backscattering), for all sites and gliders, and spectral radiometers of two types: multi-spectral
(Satlantic, OCR-507) on the lower power moorings and additionally, hyperspectral (Satlantic,
HOCR) at the high power nodes sites. We have presumed availability of the ECO-triplet sensor,
equipped with Bio-Wiper (anti-fouling shutter) on the basis of communication with WET Labs.
Nutrient sampling will be done with a combination of reagent-free technology (Satlantic,
ISUS) with rapid response time, and reagent-based sensors optimized for moored deployment
(WET Labs, CYCLE-NO3) and glider deployment (SubChem, MARCHEM). As described in
the proposal text, the MARCHEM system is underdevelopment by one of the project PIs and
expected to be available for the start of this project. The availability of the CYCLE-NO3 sensor
is presumed on the basis of communication with WET Labs, which currently markets their newly
developed CYCLE-PO4 and plans to expand the series to NO3 within a year.
Multi-frequency bio-acoustic measurements will be done with bottom-mounted upward
looking transducers (HTI, 120, 200, 420 KHz) at the high power sites and broadband tranducers
(WHOI-custom) on the gliders.
Datawell Wave Riders and small Met flux packages are requested for the FRF Cable line.
Plankton sensors required for the proposed observations are a zooplankton optical
imager (Seascan, Video Plankton Recorder), a submersible flow cytometer for small
phytoplankton (WHOI-custom, FlowCytobot), and a submersible imaging flow cytometer for
large phytoplankton (WHOI-custom, Imaging FlowCytobot). In the event that
commercialization of FlowCytobot and/or Imaging FlowCytobot occurs before this project
begins, we would purchase them from the commercial source.
Miscellaneous costs will also include hardware, connectors, cables and other supplies for
sensor deployment and maintenance on all of the observatory infrastructure, construction and
maintenance costs for the proposed valve/plumbing assembly required for the plankton sensors,
computer supplies for data processing and analysis, and laboratory supplies for sample analysis.
Publication costs – Funds are requested in each project year to support the cost of
publication of scientific results in peer-reviewed journals.
Other – Additional direct costs will be incurred as part of routine activities each project
year. Communications expenses will come from interaction within the project team and with the
broader research community. Costs for routine communication with the gliders during crossshelf transects are included here as fees for the Iridium-based link presented used by Slocum
gliders. Sensor calibration and maintenance costs are included here for all physical, biological,
and chemical sensors on the FRF line, except for the submersible nutrient analyzers, which will
be supported by the URI team (see URI budget). UMCES shop services will provide annual
support for sensor integration with observatory infrastructure and support for mooring turnaround cruises. Costs of ship-based access to the moorings and for the FRF line infrastructure
for sensor maintenance and sampling are represented here as the cost for use of Old Dominion
University’s 60 foot coastal vessel the R/V Faye Slover. Required maintenance days per year
are estimated at 24.
Indirect Costs
The University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science overhead rate is
determined at 47.5% of Total Direct Costs, less instrumentation costing over $5000 per and less
ship time.
CURRICULUM VITAE
William C. Boicourt
Horn Point Laboratory
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
P.O. Box 775
Cambridge, Maryland 21613
Phone: 410-221-8426
Fax:
410-221-8490
Email: [email protected]
I.
Education:
1966
1969
1973
B.A., Amherst College, Physics.
M.A., The Johns Hopkins University, Physical Oceanography
Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University, Physical Oceanography
II. Professional Background
A. Positions
1973-82
1981
1982-1993
1994-
Associate Research Scientist, Chesapeake Bay Institute, The Johns
Hopkins University.
Visiting Investigator, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Associate Professor, University of Maryland Center for
Environmental and Estuarine Studies.
Professor, Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center
for Environmental Science
B. Awards
1968
1989
Summer Student Fellow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
B.H. Ketchum Award, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
III. Research
A. Areas of professional expertise
Physical oceanography, estuarine and continental shelf circulation, river and
estuarine plumes, instrumentation and observing systems, plankton blooms,
larval transport.
Boicourt CV 1 of 2
B. Recent Publications
Loder, J., W.C. Boicourt, and J.H. Simpson, 1998, Western boundary continental
shelves. In: A. Robinson and K. Brink, eds., The Sea, Vol. 11, The Global
Coastal Ocean: Regional Studies and Syntheses, pp. 3-27.
Boicourt, W.C., W.J. Wiseman, Jr., A. Valle-Levinson, and L.P. Atkinson, 1998.
The Continental Shelf of the Southeastern United States and Gulf of Mexico: In
the shadow of the western Boundary Current. In: A. Robinson and K. Brink,
eds. The Sea, Vol. 11, The Global Coastal Ocean: Regional Studies and
Syntheses, pp. 135-182.
Boicourt, W.C., M. Kuzmić , and T. S. Hopkins, The Inland Sea: Circulation of the
Chesapeake Bay and the Northern Adriatic, 1999. In: Malone, T.C., A. Malej,
L.W. Harding, Jr., N. Smodlaka, and R.E. Turner, eds., Ecosystems at the LandSea Margin: Drainage Basin to Coastal Sea, Coastal and Estuarine Studies
55:81-129, American Geophysical Union.
Roman, M. R. and W. C. Boicourt. 1999. Dispersion and recruitment of crab larvae
in the Chesapeake Bay plume: physical and biological controls. Estuaries
22(3):563-574.
Glenn, S. M., W.C. Boicourt, B. Parker, and T. D. Dickey. 2000. Operational
Observation networks for ports, a large estuary, and an open shelf.
Oceanography 13(1):12-23.
Glenn, S. M., T. D. Dickey, B. Parker, and W.C. Boicourt. 2000. Long-term realtime coastal observation networks. Oceanography 13(1):14-34.
Xu, J., S.-Y. Chao, R. R. Hood, H. V. Wang, and W. C. Boicourt (2001)
Assimilating scanfish data into a model of a partially mixed estuary. Journal of
Geophysical Research.
Valle-Levinson, A., W.C. Boicourt, and M. R. Roman (2003) On the linkages among
density, flow and bathymetry gradients at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay.
Estuaries 26(6):1437-1449.
Roman, M.R, Zhang, X., McGilliard, C., and Boicourt, W. (2004) Seasonal and
annual variability in the spatial patterns of plankton biomass in Chesapeake Bay.
Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(2): 480-492.
W.C. Boicourt (2004) Physical response of Chesapeake Bay to hurricanes moving to
the wrong side: refining the forecasts. In press: Hurricane Isabel, W. Dennison
and K. Sellner, eds.
Curriculum Vitae
DATE: September, 2004
NAME: Robert J. Chant, Ph.D.
ADDRESS:
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
Rutgers University
71 Dudley Road
New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
(732)-932-7120
[email protected]
CITIZENSHIP: USA
Education
State University of New York Buffalo
State University of New York Stony Brook
State University of New York Stony Brook
POSTGRADUATE TRAINING:
Rutgers University IMCS
B. S.
M. S.
Ph.D.
1985
1991
1995
Electrical Engineering
Marine Science
Oceanography
1995-1998
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:
2002-present
1998-2002
2002-Present
Assistant Professor, IMCS Rutgers University
Assistant Research Professor, IMCS Rutgers University
Assistant Professor, IMCS Rutgers University
EDITORIAL ACTIVITIES:
(ad hoc reviews)
Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans
Estuaries
Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science
Environmental Science & Technology
Journal of Continental Shelf Research
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering
Journal of Oceanography (Japan)
Journal of Physical Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Environmental Research
Marine and Fresh Water Research
Chant CV 1 of 2
SERVICE ON NATIONAL GRANT REVIEW:
(ad hoc reviews)
Illinois/Indiana Sea Grant Program
Georgia Sea Grant Program
North Carolina Sea Grant Program
Maryland Sea Grant Program
Delaware Sea Grant Program
Maine Sea Grant Program
Rhode Island Sea Grant
National Science Foundation
National Underwater Research Center
National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration
ECOHAB program
SERVICE ON NATIONAL GRANT REVIEW PANELS:
National Science Foundation Oceanography grant review panel. 2002.
Selected Publications
Chant, R.J., W.R. Geyer, R.H Houghton, E. Hunter and J. Lerzcak, “Tidal straining and tidally
asymmetric mixing in an estuarine bottom boundary layer: observations with a dye tracer” To be
submitted to the Journal of Physical Oceanography
Mikkelsen, O.A., P.S. Hill, T.G. Milligan, R.J. Chant, Comparison of in situ floc sizes from LISST-100
laser and a digital floc camera. Journal of Coastal Research. Accepted.
Lerczak, J., W.R. Geyer and R.J. Chant Mechanisms driving the time-dependent salt flux in a partially
stratified estuary. Submitted to the Journal of Physical Oceanography November 2004.
Geyer, W.R. and R.J. Chant, Physical processes in the Hudson River, in The Hudson River Ecosystem.
Levinton, J. S., (ed.) Oxford University Press, in preparation for publication in 2004.
Fugate, D.A. and R. J. Chant. Near bottom shear stresses in a small highly stratified estuary. In Press J.
Geophys. Res.
Glenn, S.M., R. Arnone, T. Bergman, P. Bissett, M. Crowley, J. Cullen, J. Gryzmski, D. Haidvogel, J.
Kohut, M. Moline, R. Sherrell, T. Song, R. Chant, O. Schofield, In Press, The Biogeochemical
Impact of Summertime Coastal Upwelling In the Mid-Atlantic Bight J. Geophys. Res.
Moline, M. A., S. Blackwell, R. Chant, M. J. Oliver, T. Bergmann, S. lenn, and O. M. E. Schofield
(2005), Episodic physical forcing and the structure of phytoplankton communities in the coastal
waters of New Jersey, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C12S05, doi:10.1029/2003JC001985.
Chant, R. J.; Glenn, Scott; Kohut, Josh 2004, Flow reversals during upwelling conditions on the New
Jersey inner shelf J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 109, No. C12, C12S03. 10.1029/2003JC001941
13
November 2004
Kohut, J.T, S.M. Glenn and R.J. Chant, 2004 "Seasonal current variability on the New Jersey inner
Shelf" Journal of Geophysical Research, 109: C07S07, doi 10.1029/2003JC001932, 2004
Chant, R. J. 2002. Secondary flows in a region of flow curvature: relationship with tidal forcing and
river discharge. Journal of Geophysical Research. 10.1029/2001JC001082, 21 September.
Chant, R. J. 2001. Tidal and subtidal motion in a multiple inlet/bay system. Journal of Coastal
Research. Special issue 31:102-114b
Chant, R. J. 2001. Evolution of near-inertial waves during an upwelling event on the New Jersey inner
shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography. 31:746-764.
Chant, R. J. and A. Stoner. 2001, Particle trapping in a stratified flood-dominated estuary. Journal of
Marine Research. 59:29-51
Chant, R. J., C. Curran, K. Able, S. Glenn. 2000. Delivery of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes
americanus) larvae to settlement habitats in coves near tidal inlets. Estuarine and coastal Shelf
Science. 51:529-541.
Munchow, A., and R. J. Chant. 2000. Kinematics of inner shelf motion during the summer stratified
season off New Jersey. Journal of Physical Oceanography. 30:247-268.
Chant, R. J. and R. E. Wilson. 2000. Internal hydraulics and mixing in a highly stratified estuary.
Journal of Geophysical Research. 106:14215-14222.
Chant, R. J. and R. E. Wilson. 1997. Secondary circulation in a highly stratified estuary. Journal of
Geophysical Research. 102:23207-23216.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Dr. Scott C. Doney
Associate Scientist
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry
360 Woods Hole Rd., MS 25
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508-289-3776
Fax: 508-457-2193
E-mail: [email protected]
EDUCATION
1991
Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program,
Ph.D. Chemical Oceanography
1986
Revelle College, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
B.A. Chemistry (magna cum laude), Japanese Studies Minor
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
2002-present Associate Scientist, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Dept.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA
1993-2002
Scientist, Climate and Global Dynamics Division,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO
1991-1993
Postdoctoral Fellow, Advanced Study Program, National
Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO
NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL SERVICE
US-JGOFS Scientific Steering Committee (1993-2003); Synthesis and Modeling Coordinator (1997-2005)
WOCE, US Scientific Steering Committee (1997-2002)
NCAR CCSM, Co-chair Biogeochemistry Working Group (1998-pres.); Steering Committee (2000-pres.)
NSF Ocean Carbon Cycle Research (OCCR) planning group (2001-2003)
NASA Ocean Color Science Team (1997-present)
Editor, U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Special Issue, DSR II, 49, No. 1-3, 2002 and DSR II, 50, No. 2226, 2003.
Associate Editor, Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2002-2004); Reviews of Geophysics, 1997-2001; Journal of
Geophysical Research, Biogeosciences, 2005-present
US Carbon Cycle Science Program (2002-present) Science Steering Group; Chair, Ocean Working Group
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem dynamics; large-scale ocean circulation and tracers; global carbon cycle
AWARDS
2004 Aldo Leopold Leadership Program Fellow
2000 American Geophysical Union James B. Macelwane Medal and AGU Fellow
1990 American Geophysical Union Outstanding Student Poster Award, Fall Meeting
1987-90 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship
1986 Urey Award, Department of Chemistry, University of California at San Diego
Five Relevant Publications (from published total of 69)
1. Doney, S.C., 1999: Major challenges confronting marine biogeochemical modeling, Global Biogeochem.
Cycles, 13, 705-714.
2. Doney, S.C., D.M. Glover, and R.G. Najjar, 1996: A new coupled, one-dimensional biological--physical
model for the upper ocean: applications to the JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) site. DeepSea Res. II, 43, 591-624.
3. Moore, J.K., S.C. Doney and K. Lindsay, 2004: Upper ocean ecosystem dynamics and iron cycling in a
global 3-D model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, 4, GB4028, 10.1029/2004GB002220.
4. Lima, I. and S.C. Doney, 2004: A three-dimensional, multi-nutrient, size-structured ecosystem model for
the North Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB3019, doi:10.1029/2003GB002146.
Doney CV 1 of 2
5. Moore, J.K., S.C. Doney, J.A. Kleypas, D.M. Glover, and I.Y. Fung, 2002: An intermediate complexity
marine ecosystem model for the global domain. Deep-Sea Res II., 49, 403-462.
Five other publications
1. Doney, S.C., K. Lindsay, K. Caldeira, J.-M. Campin, H. Drange, J.-C. Dutay, M. Follows, Y. Gao, A.
Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, G. Madec, E. Maier-Reimer, J.C. Marshall, R.J. Matear, P.
Monfray, A. Mouchet, R. Najjar, J.C. Orr, G.-K. Plattner, J. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R. Slater, I.J.
Totterdell, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, A. Yool, 2004: Evaluating global ocean carbon models: the
importance of realistic physics, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB3017, doi:10.1029/2003GB002150.
2. Large, W.G., J.C. McWilliams, and S.C. Doney, 1994: Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model
with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization. Rev. Geophys., 32, 363-403.
3. Moore, J.K., S.C. Doney, D.M. Glover, and I.Y. Fung, 2002: Iron cycling and nutrient limitation patterns
in surface waters of the world ocean. Deep-Sea Res., II, 49, 463-507.
4. Doney, S.C., K. Lindsay, J.K. Moore, 2003: Global ocean carbon cycle modeling, Ocean
Biogeochemistry: a JGOFS synthesis, ed. M. Fasham, Springer Verlag.
5. Doney, S.C., M.R. Abbott, J.J. Cullen, D.M. Karl, and L. Rothstein, 2004: From genes to ecosystems: the
ocean’s new frontier, Frontiers Ecology Environ., 2, 457-466.
Associations with Graduate Students
Nan Rosenbloom, PhD, University of Colorado, Boulder, Geology (completed 6/97)
Sarah Zedler, MS, University of California, Santa Barbara, Geography (completed 12/99)
Camilla Geels, PhD, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Geophysics, (completed Spring 2002)
Anette Hynes, Massachsetts Institue of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program
Naomi Levine, Massachsetts Institue of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program
Postdoctoral Scientists Supervised
Dr. Julia Lee (1996-1997)
Dr. Montse Fuentes (1998)
Dr. Dierdre Toole (2003-2005)
Dr. Ivan Lima (1999-2002)
Dr. J. Keith Moore (1999-2002)
Dr. Roger Dargaville (2000-2002)
Dr. David Baker (2000-2002)
Collaborators for Past 48 months (not including WHOI investigators)
Dr. William Large (NCAR)
Dr. Don Olson (U. Miami)
Dr. Britt Stephens (NOAA/CMDL)
Dr. Kitack Lee (NOAA/AOML)
Dr. Chris Sabine (NOAA/PMEL)
Dr. Hugh Ducklow (VIMS)
Dr. Jim McWilliams (UCLA)
Dr. David Schimel (NCAR)
Dr. Tommy Dickey (UCSB)
Dr. Wolfgang Roether (Bremen)
Dr. Matt Maltrud (LLNL)
Dr. Mark Abbott (OSU)
Dr. John Bullister (NOAA/PMEL)
Dr. Ralph Keeling (SIO)
Dr. David Archer (U. Chicago)
Dr. Taro Takahashi (LDEO)
Dr. T-N. Peng (NOAA/AOML)
Dr. Inez Fung (UCB)
Dr. Doug Capone (USC)
Dr. Anthony Michaels (USC)
Dr. Jorge Sarmiento (Princeton)
Dr. Jim Yoder (URI)
Dr. David Karl (U. Hawaii)
Dr. John Cullen (Dalhousie)
Dr. Rana Fine (U. Miami)
Dr. Ray Najjar (PSU)
Dr. Rik Wanninkhof (NOAA/AOML)
Dr. Richard Feely (NOAA/PMEL)
Dr. Doug Wallace (Kiel)
Dr. Jim Bishop (LBNL)
Dr. Monste Fuentes (NCSU)
Dr. David Siegel (UCSB)
Dr. Rick Smith (LANL)
Dr. Paul Falkowski (Rutgers)
Dr. Lew Rothstien (URI)
Dr. Nicholas Gruber (UCLA)
PhD advisor: William Jenkins, WHOI; Post-doc advisors: William Large, NCAR and James B. McWilliams
Synergistic Activities:
Co-developer of new curriculum for University of Colorado NSF IGERT Carbon, Climate and Society
(http://ccsi.colorado.edu/)
Coordinator of U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project
Development of carbon cycle components for the Community Climate System Model
Guest editor of Deep-Sea Research II, Vol. 49, No 1-3, 2002 and Deep-Sea Res. II, 50, No. 22-26, 2003
Mentor for students in UCAR Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research (SOARS) program
Fellow of Aldo Leopold Leadership Program (training program for environmental scientists on leadership,
science-policy interactions, and science-media outreach)
Earth and Sky radio network series on ocean carbon cycle, Nov. 2004
Doney CV 2 of 2
James Bearer Edson
Associate Professor
Department of Marine Science
University of Connecticut, Avery Point
1080 Shennecossett Road
Groton, Connecticut 06340
Tel: (860) 405-9165
Fax: (860) 405-9153
Email: [email protected]
Professional Preparation
B.S. (Physics), Dickinson College, 1984.
Ph.D. (Meteorology), The Pennsylvania State University, 1989
Appointments
2005-Present Associate Professor, University of Connecticut
1999-2004
Associate Scientist with Tenure, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1995-1999
Associate Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1991-1995
Assistant Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1989-1990
Visiting Scientist, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique, France
1986
Visiting Scientist, RISØ National Laboratory, Denmark,
Publications
Five Publications Most Closely Related to the Proposal are:
Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, J. E. Hare, A. A. Grachev, J. B. Edson, 2003. Bulk
parameterization of air–sea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm, J.
Climate, 16, 571–591.
Lentz, S., K. Shearman, S. Anderson, A. Plueddemann, and J. Edson, 2003. Evolution of
stratification over the New England shelf during the Coastal Mixing and Optics study,
August 1996 - June 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 1-14.
Beardsley, R. C., S. J. Lentz, R. A. Weller, R. Limeburner, J. D. Irish, and J. B. Edson, 2003.
Surface forcing on the southern flank of Georges Bank, February–August 1995, J.
Geophys. Res., 108, C118007, doi:10.1029/2002JC001359.
Austin, T., J. Edson, W. McGillis, M. Purcell, R. Petitt, M. McElroy, J. Ware, C. Grant, and
S. Hurst, 2002. A network-based telemetry architecture developed for the Martha’s
Vineyard coastal observatory, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 27, 228-234.
Edson, J.B., A. A. Hinton, K. E. Prada, J.E. Hare, and C.W. Fairall, 1998. Direct covariance flux
estimates from mobile platforms at sea, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 15, 547-562
Five Other Significant Publications:
Edson, J. B., C. J. Zappa, J. A. Ware, W. R. McGillis, and J. E. Hare, 2004. Scalar flux profile
relationships over the open ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08S09,
doi:10.1029/2003JC001960.
Grachev, A. A., Fairall, C. W., Hare, J. E., Edson, J. B., Miller, S. D., 2003. Wind Stress Vector
over Ocean Waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 2408–2429.
McGillis, W. R., J. B. Edson, J. E. Hare, and C. W. Fairall, 2001. Direct covariance air-sea CO2
fluxes, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16729-16745.
Edson CV 1 of 2
Edson, J.B., and C.W. Fairall, 1998. Similarity relationships in the marine atmospheric surface
layer for terms in the TKE and scalar variance budgets, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2311-2328.
Mahrt, L., D. Vickers, J. Edson, J. Sun, J. Højstrup, J. Hare, and J.M. Wilczak, 1998. Heat flux
in the coastal zone, Bound.-Layer Meteorol., 86, 421-446.
Synergistic Activities
1. The development of techniques to directly measure the heat, mass (e.g., moisture and
CO2), and momentum fluxes over the ocean from a variety of platforms. These
measurements are used in interdisciplinary investigations with a number of collaborators.
2. The development of the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory and involvement in
workshops and other activities designed to take advantage of coastal observatories.
3. CoOP Steering Committee 2001- Present.
4. Chair of the Boundary Layers and Turbulence committee, American Meteorological
Society, 1997-2000.
5. IPA Office of Naval Research, Ocean, Atmosphere, and Space S&T Department, Marine
Meteorology Division, September 1998 - August 1999.
Collaborators and Other Affiliations
Collaborators and Co-Editors
Steve Anderson (WHOI), Ed Andreas (CRREL), Tom Austin (WHOI), Robert Beardsley
(WHOI), John Dacey, (WHOI), Mark Donelan (RSMAS), Will Drennan (RSMAS), Chris
Fairall (NOAA/ETL), David Farmer (URI), Carl Friehe (UCI), Andrey Grachev (NOAA/ETL),
Tetsu Hara (URI), Jeffrey Hare (NOAA/ETL), Tihomir Hristov (UM), Andrew Jessup
(UW/APL), Steven Lentz (WHOI), Larry Marht (OSU), Wade McGillis (LDEO), Scott Miller
(UCI), Al Plueddemann (WHOI), Mike Purcell (WHOI), Tim Stanton (NPS), Gene Terray
(WHOI), Don Thompson (JHU/APL), John Trowbridge (WHOI), Peter Sullivan (NCAR), Jielun
Sun (NCAR), Doug Vandemark (NASA), Rik Wanninkhof (NOAA/AOML), Robert Weller
(WHOI), James Wilczak (NOAA/ETL), Chris Zappa (LDEO)
Graduate and Postdoctoral Advisors
Chris Fairall (NOAA, Environmental Technologies Laboratory)
Patrice Mestayer (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique)
Thesis Advisor+ and Postgraduate-Scholar* Sponsor (last 5 years)
*
Sean McKenna (TASC), +Scott Miller (UCI), +Bill Shaw (WHOI/MIT),
+
Doug Vandemark (UNH), +Robert Crofoot (WHOI/MIT)
Total students advised including the above: 9
Total postgraduate scholars advised include the above: 2
Jessica Lundquist, Summer Student Fellow, 1998.
Research Topic: Momentum and drag coefficients during hurricane conditions.
Keith Contre, Summer Student Fellow, North Carolina State, 1995.
Research Topic: Direct measurements of air-sea CO2 fluxes.
Edson CV 2 of 2
KATJA FENNEL
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
Phone: 732 932 9709
Fax: 732 932 8578
Email: [email protected]
Home page: http://www.imcs.rutgers.edu/~kfennel
A) PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION
University of Rostock, Germany, Diploma, Numerical Mathematics, 1994
University of Rostock, Germany, Ph.D., Marine Biology, 1998
B) APPOINTMENTS
Oct 2002 – present
Sep 1999 – Sep 2002
Sep 1998 – Aug 1999
Assistant Research Professor, IMCS, Rutgers University
Associate Researcher (post doc), COAS, Oregon State University
Associate Researcher (post doc), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and
Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
C1) FIVE RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Fennel, K., J. Wilkin, J. Levin, J. Moisan, J. O’Reilly, D., Haidvogel, 2005. Nitrogen cycling in
the Mid Atlantic Bight and implications for the North Atlantic nitrogen budget: Results
from a three-dimensional model. (submitted to Global Biogeochemical Cycles)
Fennel, K. and E. Boss. 2003. Subsurface maxima of phytoplankton and chlorophyll: Steady state
solutions from a simple model. Limnology & Oceanography 48:1521-1534
Fennel, K., M.R. Abbott, Y.H. Spitz, J.G. Richman and D.M. Nelson. 2003. Modeling controls of
phytoplankton production in the southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. DeepSea Research II, 50:769-798.
Fennel, K., M.R. Abbott, Y.H. Spitz, J.G. Richman and D.M. Nelson. 2003. Impacts of iron
control on phytoplankton production in the modern and glacial Southern Ocean. DeepSea Research II, 50:833-851.
Fennel, K. 2001. The generation of phytoplankton patchiness by mesoscale current patterns.
Ocean Dynamics 52:58-70.
C2) FIVE OTHER SIGNIFICANT PUBLICATIONS
Fennel, K., Y.H. Spitz, R.M. Letelier, M.R. Abbott and D.M. Karl. 2002. A deterministic model
for N2 fixation at Station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea
Research II 49:149-174.
Fennel, K., M. Losch, J. Schröter and M. Wenzel. 2001. Testing a marine ecosystem model:
Sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization. Journal of Marine Systems 28:45-63.
Fennel, K. 1999. Interannual and regional variability of chemical-biological variables in a
coupled 3-D model of the western Baltic. Hydrobiologia 393:25-33.
Fennel, K. 1999. Convection and the timing of phytoplankton spring blooms in the western Baltic
Sea. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49:113-128.
Fennel, K. and T. Neumann. 1998. A coupled physical-chemical-biological model for the western
Baltic. In: Harff, J., W. Lemke and K. Stattegger (eds.) Computerized Modeling of
Sedimentary Systems, Springer Berlin, p.169-181.
D) SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES
Manuscript reviewer for Progress in Oceanography, Journal of Marine Systems, Ocean
Dynamics, Journal of Geophysical Research, Antarctic Science, Limnology and
Oceanography, Deep-Sea Research I, Deep-Sea Research II
Proposal reviewer for NOAA and NSF; Panel member for the DOE Carbon Cycle Program
Fennel CV 1 of 2
Member of several scientific societies
Volunteer tour guide for Rutgers’ Hutcheson Memorial Forrest
E1) 4-YEAR COLLABORATORS (NON-RUTGERS)
Mark Abbott (OSU), Emmanuel Boss (U of Maine), Robert Collier (OSU), Enrique Curchitser
(LDEO), Eric D’Asaro (UW), Mick Follows (MIT), Eileen Hofman (ODU), David Karl (U of
Hawaii), Gary Larson (USGS), Craig Lee (UW), Ricardo Letelier (OSU), Martin Losch (AWI),
David Nelson (OSU), Mary Jane Perry (U of Maine), Jim Richman (OSU), Lew Rothstein (URI),
Jens Schröter (AWI), Yvette Spitz (OSU), Pete Strutton (OSU), Manfred Wenzel (AWI)
E2) GRADUATE AND POST-DOCTORAL ADVISORS
Bodo von Bodungen, graduate advisor (IOW, Germany)
Jens Schröter, postgraduate advisor (AWI, Germany)
Mark Abbott, postgraduate advisor (OSU)
Fennel CV 2 of 2
Scott M. Gallager
Associate Scientist with tenure
Department of Biology
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Birth: 20 September 1952
Clearance: Secret
Ph.D., Boston University, January, 1992. (Biology)
Dissertation Title: Feeding and Locomotion in Larvae of Marine Bivalve Molluscs
M.S., Long Island University, Department of Marine Science (Marine Science), 1977
B.A., Alfred University, Alfred, NY (Biology [pre-med] and Environmental Studies), 1974
Associate Scientist with tenure, Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
2001-present. Associate Scientist, Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
1996-2001. Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, 1996. Assistant Scientist,
Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1993-1996. Postdoctoral Research
Associate, Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1991-1993. Research Specialist, Biology
Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1989-1992. Research Associate, Biology
Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1980-1989. Instructor, Aquatic Veterinary
Medicine, Marine Biological Lab., Nutrition in Mollusc Larvae, 1986-1995. Research Assistant,
Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-1980. Research Assistant,
Harvard University, 1977-1979. Consultant, Columbia University, 1977-1978. Graduate
Teaching/Research Assistant, Long Island University, 1976-1977. Instructor, General Biology, St.
John's University, New York, 1974-1976, Undergraduate Assistant, Limnology, College Center of
the Finger Lakes, 1972-1974. More than 130 publications in scientific journals
Five Publications Pertinent to this Proposal
Gallager, SM. H Yamazaki, CS Davis. 2004. The contribution of fine scale structure and
swimming behavior to the formation of plankton layers on Georges Bank Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Series. 267:27-43
Tiwari, S and SM Gallager. 2003. Optimizing multiscale invariants for the identification of bivalve
larvae.Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Barcelona,
Spain, September 14--17, 2003
Tiwari, S. and SM Gallager. 2003 Machine learning and multiscale methods in the identification of
bivalve larvae. Proc. 9th International Conference on Computer Vision, Beijing, China.
Gallager, SM, CS Davis, AW Epstein, A Solow and R. Beardsley. 1996 High-resolution
observations of plankton distributions correlated with hydrography in the Great South Channel,
Georges Bank. Deep Sea Research (Part 2, Topical Studies in Oceanography) 43(7-8): 16271664.
Ashjian, CJ, CS Davis, SM Gallager, PA Alatalo. 2001 Distribution of plankton, particles, and
Gallager CV 1 of 2
hydrographic features across Georges Bank described using the Video Plankton Recorder. Deep
Sea Res II 48:245-282
Five Other Significant Publications
Kendra L. Daly, Robert H. Byrne, Andrew G. Dickson, Scott M. Gallager, Mary Jane Perry, and
Margaret K. Tivey. Chemical and Biological Sensors for Time-Series Research: Current Status
and New Directions. Marine Technology Society. 38(2):121-143
Gallager, S.M. JL Manuel, DA Manning and R. O'Dor. 1996 Ontogenetic changes in the vertical
distribution of scallop larvae Placopecten megellanicus in 9 m-deep mesocosms as a function of
light, food, and temperature stratification. Mar Biol 124:679-692
Tang X, Stewart K, Vincent L, Huang H, Marra M, Gallager SM, Davis CS.
Automatic plankton image recognition. Artificial Intelligence Review 12(1-3): 177-199
Gallager, S.M. Hydrodynamic disturbances produced by small zooplankton: a case study for
veliger larvae of bivalve molluscs. J. Plankton Res. 15(10):1-20
Davis, C., S.M. Gallager and A. Solow. 1992. Microaggregations of oceanic plankton observed by
towed video microscopy. Science 257: 230-232.
Synergistic Activities: S. Gallager’s research focuses on the functional morphology and biophysics
of locomotion and feeding in microplankton, meroplankton, holoplankton, and icthyoplankton
including understanding the importance of early life history stages in recruitment success in fishes,
and optimizing culture techniques of microbial communities, particularly microplankton.
Development of instrumentation for quantifying the micro-scale to meso-scale distributions and the
physical environment of plankton is central to his research objectives. Gallager has co-chaired
various workshops on instrument development and most recently the workshop on The Next
Generation of Biological and Chemical Sensors in Oceanography held at WHOI July, 2003. He is
an active participant in the ORION initiative to develop oceanographic observatories throughout the
world ocean and has recently been funded to install a cabled observatory off Palmer Station,
Antarctica.
Associates and Collaborators in the Last Five Years: C. Ashjian (WHOI), B. Beardsley (WHOI),
C Davis (WHOI), P Wiebe (WHOI), L Madin (WHOI), W. McGillis (WHOI), A. Bradley (WHOI),
H Yamazaki (Tokyo University of Fisheries).
Graduate Advisors: Ivan Valiela, JR Strickler (BUMP)
Graduate Students Advised in the Last Five Years: James Ruzkia (WHOI/MIT), Heidi Fuchs
(WHOI/MIT), Lisa Gardner (WHOI/MIT)
Gallager CV 2 of 2
SCOTT M. GLENN
Coastal Ocean Observation Lab, Institute of Marine & Coastal Sciences
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
(TEL) 732.932.6555, x. 506 (FAX) 732.932.8578
[email protected] · http://www.marine.rutgers.edu/cool
A. PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION
• University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, B.S. with High Honors, Geomechanics, 1978
• MIT/WHOI Joint Program, Cambridge & Woods Hole, Sc.D., Ocean Engineering, 1983
B. APPOINTMENTS
• Adjunct Scientist, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, 2001-Present.
• Vice-Chair, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 1999-Present.
• Professor, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1998-Present.
• Associate Professor, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1990-1998.
• Project Scientist, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1986-1990.
• Research Engineer, Shell Development Company, Houston, Texas, 1983-1986.
C. PUBLICATIONS (5 RELATED, 5 OTHER*)
1) Glenn S., et al. (2004), Biogeochemical impact of summertime coastal upwelling on the New Jersey
Shelf, J.Geophy. Res, 109, C12S02, doi:10.1029/2003JC002265.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004.../2003JC002265.shtml
2) Schofield O., S. Glenn (2004), Introduction to special section: Coastal Ocean Observatories,
J.Geophy. Res, 109, C12S01, doi:10.1029/2004JC002577.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004.../2004JC002577.shtml
3) Paduan, J.D., P.M. Kosro and S.M. Glenn (2004) A National Coastal Ocean Surface Current Mapping
System for the United States, Marine Technology Society, 38(2), 76-82.
4) Glenn, S.M., et al (2004) The expanding role of ocean color and optics in the changing field of
operational oceanography, Oceanography, 17: 86-95.
5) Glenn, S.M. and O.M.E. Schofield (2004) Observing the oceans from the COOLroom: Our history,
experience, and opinions, Oceanography, 16(4), 37-52.
6) Oliver, M.J., S. Glenn, J.T. Kohut, A.J. Irwin, O.M. Schofield, M.A. Moline, and W.P. Bisset (2004),
Bioinformatic Approaches for Objective Detection of Water Masses on Continental Shelves.
J.Geophy. Res, 109, C07S04, doi: 10.1029/2003JC002072. http://www.agu.org/journals/ss/COCOB1/
7) Kohut, J., S.M. Glenn, and R. Chant (2004) Seasonal Current Variability on the New Jersey Inner
Shelf. J.Geophy. Res 109, C07S07, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001963.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004.../2003JC001963.shtml
8) Chant, R., S. Glenn, and J. Kohut (2004), Flow reversals during upwelling conditions on the New
Jersey inner shelf, J.Geophy. Res, 109, C12S05, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001941.
http://www.agu.org/journals/ss/COCOB1/
9) Moline M. A., S. M. Blackwell, R. Chant, M. J. Oliver, T. Bergmann, S. Glenn, O. M. E. Schofield
(2004), Episodic physical forcing and the structure of phytoplankton communities in the coastal
waters of New Jersey, J.Geophy. Res., 109, C12S05, doi:10.1029/2003JC001985.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004/2003JC001985.shtml
10) Durski, S. M., S. M. Glenn, and D. B. Haidvogel (2004), Vertical mixing schemes in the coastal
ocean: Comparison of the level 2.5 Mellor-Yamada scheme with an enhanced version of the K profile
parameterization, J.. Geophys. Res., 109, C01015, doi:10.1029/2002JC001702.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004.../2002JC001702.shtml
D. SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES
2004-Pres Co-PI, Middle Atlantic Regional Association (MARA), Ocean.US National Federation
Glenn CV 1 of 2
2003-Pres Director, Rutgers Masters in Operational Oceanography Education Program
2003-Pres Steering Committee, Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) Center for Ocean Science Education
Excellence (COSEE)
2003-Pres Steering Committee, National HF Radar Network, Ocean.US
2004-Pres RFP Oversight Committee for the NEPTUNE RCO Stage I (Northern Loop)
E. COLLABORATORS & OTHER AFFILIATIONS (LAST 48 MONTHS): K. Able (Rutgers), H.Arango
(Rutgers), B. Arnone (NRL), R. Avissar (Duke), D. Barrick (CODAR), H. Barrier (Rutgers), K. BenoitBird (Oregon), T. Berger (SAIC), T. Bergmann (U. Maine), P. Bissett (FERI), S. Blackwell (CalPoly),A.
Blumberg (Stevens), W. Boicourt (U. MD), P. Bogden (GoMOOS), J. Bosch (Rutgers), E. Boss (U.
Maine), L. Bowers (Rutgers), T. Bowers (NRL), P. Burke (Stevens), W. Browning (Applied Mathematics
Inc), M. Bruno (Stevens), B. Butman (USGS), T. Campbell (Webb Research), J. Case (UCSB), G. Chang
(UCSB), B. Chant (Rutgers), B. Chen (UMass), J. Churchill (WHOI), A. Cope (NWS), P. Cornillon
(URI), B. Cowen (RSMAS), E. Creed (Rutgers), M. Crowley (SeaSpace), J. Cullen (WHOI), C. Curran,
M. Dermarest, M. DeLuca (Rutgers), T. Dickey (UCSB), J. Dighton (Rutgers), P. Dragos (Battelle), R.
Dunk (Rutgers), S. Durski (Oregon State), J. Erwin (CODAR), K. Fennel (Rutgers), J. Fracassi (Rutgers),
T. Frazer (U. Florida), B. Fullerton (Stevens), R. Geyer (WHOI), F. Grassle (Rutgers), G. Griffiths
(Southampton University), T. Gross (NOAA), J. Gryzmski (Rockerfeller U.), D. Haidvogel (Rutgers), C.
Haldeman (Rutgers), J. Hamrick, J. Hare (NOAA), C. Harris (VIMS), K. Hedstrom (U. Alaska), T.
Herrington (Sea Grant), C. Herron (MBARI), J. Hillier (Mote), D. Hires (Stevens), B. Houghton
(Lamont), E. Hunter (Rutgers), D. Iglesias-Rodriguez (U. Nottingham), A. Irwin (CUNY), C. Jones
(Webb Research), A. Kahl (Rutgers), W. Kasch (JHU/APL), T. Keen (NRL), J. Kerfoot (Rutgers), L.
Kerkhoff (Rutgers), G. Kirkpatrick (Mote Marine Lab), J. Kohut (Rutgers), P.M. Kosro (Oregon State), P.
Lermusiaux (Harvard), S. Lichtenwalner (U. South Florida), P. Lilleboe (CODAR Ocean Sensors), B.
Lipa (CODAR Ocean Sensors), J. McDonnell (Rutgers), W. Miller, C. Mobley (Sequoia Scientific), M.
Moline (CalPoly), C. Mudgal (Rutgers), R. Nichols (JHU/APL), J. O’Donnell (UConn), M. Oliver
(Rutgers),L. Oman, C. Orrico (UCSB), J. Paduan (Naval PG School), H. Pan (Rutgers), B. Parker
(NOAA), A. Pence, E. Peters, A. Pluddeman (WHOI), K. Prasad (SeaSpace), D. Porter (JHU/APL), M.
Purcell (WHOI),K. Rankin (Bigelow), J. Reinfelder (Rutgers), H. Roarty (Rutgers), E. Romana (Rutgers),
O. Schofield (Rutgers), R. Sherrell (Rutgers), C. Sherwood (USGS), P. Shrestha, R. Signell (USGS), T.
Song (JPL), R. Styles (U. South Carolina), C. Teague (CODAR), S. Thomas (DHS), C. Thoroughgood
(U. Del.), S. Tozzi (VIMS), J. Trowbridge (WHOI), M. Twardowski (URI), C.s von Alt (WHOI), D.
Webb (Webb Research), A. Weidemann (NRL), J. Wiggins (Princeton), J. Wilkin (Rutgers), P. Zhang
(Rutgers), M. Zuo (UMass).
Graduate and Postdoctoral Advisors: William D. Grant (WHOI, deceased) Graduate advisor, no
Postdoctoral Advisor.
Thesis Advisor and Postgraduate-Scholar Sponsor: Students – Mike Crowley (SeaSpace, Inc.), Hoyle
Lee (Columbia), Richard Styles (U. South Carolina), Scott Durski (Oregon State), Josh Kohut (Rutgers),
Louis Bowers (Rutgers), Donglai Gong (Rutgers). Post-docs – Timothy Keen, Anna Matteoda, Robert
Chant, Richard Styles.
Honors and Awards:
1996 Special Edition of The Bulletin, New Jersey Academy of Science, dedicated to Remote Sensing of
the Ocean and Atmosphere Course taught with Jim Miller demonstrating active learning concepts
in the college science classroom.
1997 Named a teaching Fellow (1 of 7 University-wide) by the Rutgers Teaching Excellence Center.
2000 Recipient of the First Rutgers University Scholar-Teacher Award from Rutgers President Francis
Lawrence. http://marine.rutgers.edu/cool.news/scottaward.htm
2002 State of New Jersey Assembly Resolution No. 209, Commending Rutgers University (R.U.)
Coastal Ocean Observation Lab (COOL) for its Research & Education Outreach Programs.
http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2002/Bills/AR/209_R1.HTM
2005 One of approximately 20 nominees to be invited to submit a full proposal to the NSF Director’s
Award for Distinguished Teaching Scholars Program.
Glenn CV 2 of 2
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Alfred K. Hanson
Professor in Residence
Graduate School of Oceanography
University of Rhode Island
Narragansett Bay Campus
Narragansett, RI 02882
Education
University of Hartford, B.S. Chemistry, 1971
University of Connecticut, M.S. Organic Chemistry, 1974
University of Rhode Island, Ph.D. Chemical Oceanography, 1981
Appointments
2005-Present Professor in Residence, GSO-URI
1996-Present: President, SubChem Systems, Inc. Jamestown, RI
1994-Present: Assistant Marine Research Scientist, GSO-URI
1992-Present: Adjunct Professor of Oceanography, GSO-URI
1990-94: Assistant Marine Scientist, GSO-URI
1984-86: Assistant Marine Scientist, GSO-URI
1982-1984: Marine Research Associate III, GSO-URI
1974-1979: Chief Chemist, Newmont Mining Corporation, Danbury, CT.
Five Related Publications
Hanson, A.K., N.W. Tindale and M.A.R. Abdel-Moati, 2001. An Equatorial Pacific Rain Event: influence
on the distribution of iron and hydrogen peroxide in surface waters. Marine Chemistry, 75:69-88.
Hanson, A.K. and P.L. Donaghay. 1998. Micro- to Fine-Scale Chemical Gradients and Layers in Stratified
Coastal Waters. Oceanography, 11(1):10-17.
O'Sullivan, D.W., A.K. Hanson, Jr. and D.R. Kester. 1997. The distribution and redox chemistry of iron in
the Pettaquamscutt Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 45:769-788.
O'Sullivan, D.W., A.K. Hanson, Jr. and D.R. Kester. 1995. Stopped Flow Luminol Chemiluminescence
Determination of Fe(II) and Reducible Iron in Seawater at Subnanomolar Levels. Marine Chemistry,
149(1) 65-77.
O'Sullivan, D., A.K. Hanson, Jr., W. Miller and D.R. Kester. 1991. Measurement of Fe(II) in Equatorial
Pacific Surface Seawater. Limnology and Oceanography, 36(8):1727-1741.
Five Other Publications
Donaghay, P.L., P.S. Liss, R.A. Duce, D.R. Kester, A.K. Hanson, Jr., T. Villareal, N. Tindale and D.J.
Gifford. 1991. The role of episodic atmospheric nutrient inputs in the chemical and biological
dynamics of oceanic ecosystems. Oceanography, 4(2): 62-70.
Hanson, A.K., Jr., C. M. Sakamoto-Arnold, D. L. Huizenga and D. R. Kester. 1988. Copper complexation
in Sargasso Sea and Gulf Stream warm-core rings. Marine Chemistry, 23:181-203.
Sakamoto-Arnold, C. M., A. K. Hanson, D. L. Huizenga and D. R. Kester. 1987. "Spatial and temporal
variability of cadmium in Gulf Stream warm core rings and associated waters", Journal of Marine
Research, 45:201-230.
Sunda, W. G. and A. K. Hanson. 1987. "Measurement of free cupric ion concentration in seawater by a
ligand competition technique involving copper sorption onto C18 SEP-PAK cartridges." Limnology &
Oceanography, 32(3):537-551.
Hanson, A CV 1 of 2
Hanson, A. K., Jr. and J. G. Quinn. 1983.”The distribution of dissolved and organically complexed copper
and nickel in the Middle Atlantic Bight." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40
(Suppl. 2): 151-161.
Synergistic Activities
Dr. Hanson has over 20 years of experience as a chemical oceanographer and inventor of oceanographic
instrumentation. This experience has encompassed activities within both academia and the private sector.
Dr. Hanson holds a research scientist position at the URI Graduate School of Oceanography and is also the
founder and president of SubChem Systems, Inc. The focus of his professional activities for the past few
years has primarily involved the development and technology transfer of a new class of submersible
chemical analyzers for water quality monitoring in coastal waters. SubChem Systems close working
relationship with the URI Graduate School of Oceanography and Department of Ocean Engineering has
demonstrated that innovative university research partnerships can benefit students, the University and local
industry.
Dr. Hanson’s recent academic research activities have involved NAVY funded investigations of chemical
plume dynamics and the association of steep nutrient gradients with thin plankton layers in coastal waters.
He is presently collaborating with other URI researchers on the deployment of autonomous profiling
nutrient analyzers on ORCAS bottom-up profilers and on a NOAA-CICEET project for the rapid detection
of microbial indicators. He is also PI on a NAVY funded project to develop specialized sensor payload for
detecting weapons of mass destruction using autonomous underwater vehicles.
Research Collaborators within Last 48 Months
Margaret McMannus (UH), Percy Donaghay (URI-GSO), Richard Greene (EBA-GED), John King (URIGSO), Casey Moore (WET Labs, Inc.), David Smith (GSO-URI), James Sullivan (GSO-URI), Ronald
Zaneveld (WET Labs, Inc.), Tommy Dickey (UCSB), Grace Chang (UCSB), Dave Karl (UH), Heidi Sosik
(WHOI), John Trowbridge (WHOI), Steven Lentz (WHOI), Oscar Schofield (Rutgers), Scott Glenn
(Rutgers), Van Holliday, (BAES), James Bonner (TAMU)
Graduate and Postgraduate Advisors
Dana Kester, University of Rhode Island, Postdoctoral Advisor
James Quinn, University of Rhode Island, Ph.D. Advisor
Thomas Sharp, University of Connecticut, M.S. Advisor
Graduate Students and Postdocs Over Last 5 Years
Jennifer Prentice (NAVAIR, MD);
Elena Martin (Environmental Writer, AZ)
Peter Obuchowski (Ocean Engineer)
Richard Sweetman (in progress)
Peter Egli (in progress)
Heather Saffert (in progress)
Steven DaSilva (in progress)
Peter Egli (in progress)
Hanson, A CV 2 of 2
Brief Curriculum Vitae
Jeffrey L. Hanson, Ph.D.
Research Oceanographer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Field Research Facility
1261 Duck Road
Kitty Hawk, NC 27949
252-416-6840; Email: [email protected]
Education: B.S. Ocean Engineering Technology, Florida Institute of Technology 1981; M.S. Physical
Oceanography, University of South Florida, 1985; Ph.D. Physical Oceanography, Johns Hopkins
University, 1997.
Summary: Dr. Hanson is a Principal Investigator for basic and applied research in the fields of air-sea
interaction and upper ocean processes with special emphasis on the dynamics of coastal and deep-water
surface waves. He has conducted extensive research into wave growth and evolution, which has resulted in
the development of new state-of-the-art tools for (1) isolating and tracking wind sea and swell systems
from 2D wave spectra, (2) wave data assimilation and (3) performing wave model diagnostics at the wave
system level. Application of these techniques to Atlantic Ocean wave fields has resulted in new insights
into the tropical storm season wave climatology. Furthermore, investigations of WAM wave model
performance in the Pacific have yielded diagnostics information used to recommend specific source term
improvements for increasing model accuracy. Dr. Hanson has held leadership positions in numerous
oceanographic field experiments and has an extensive record of scientific collaborations between US and
foreign governments, academia and private industry.
Work Experience:
• 2003 - Present
• 2001 - 2003
•
1985 - 2003
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Research Oceanographer
The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Chief Scientist,
ONR Littoral Warfare Advanced Development Program
The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Physical
Oceanographer (Principal Professional Staff since 1998)
Selected Publications
Have more than 75 significant communications (book, refereed journal articles, proceedings, technical
reports and published abstracts). A few selected publications follow:
Hanson, J.L. and O.M. Phillips, Automated analysis of ocean surface directional wave spectra, J. Atmos.
Oceanic Technol., 18, 277-293, 2001.
Arvelo, J.I. and J.L. Hanson, A science team for the Littoral Warfare Advanced Development sea test
program, JHU APL Tech. Digest, 23(4), 436-442, 2002.
Hanson, J.L. and O.M. Phillips, Wind sea growth and dissipation in the open ocean, J. Phys. Oceanog., 29,
1633-1648, 1999.
Hanson, J.L., Winds, waves, and bubbles at the air-sea boundary, JHU APL Tech. Digest, 14(3), 200-208,
1993.
Hanson, J.L., At-sea environmental analysis – valuable tool for oceanographic R&D, Sea Technology, 1016, February 1990.
Hanson, J CV 1 of 1
Ruoying He
Assistant Scientist
Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Date of Birth:
Education:
1996
1998
2002
phone: 508-289-3671
fax: 508-547-2194
email: [email protected]
March 25, 1975
B.S., Oceanography, Ocean University of Qingdao
M.S. study, Physical Oceanography, Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of
Sciences (CAS).
Ph.D., Physical Oceanography, University of South Florida
Professional Experience:
2004-present Assistant Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2003-2004
Postdoctoral Scholar, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
2002-2003
Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of South Florida
1998-2002
Research Assistant, University of South Florida
1996-1998
Research Assistant, Institute of Oceanography, CAS
Honors and Awards:
1999 Getting Research Fellowship
2000 Garrels Research Fellowship
2001 Knight Research Fellowship
2002 NSF Young Scientist Travel Award
2003 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Postdoctoral Scholarship
Research Interests:
Coastal Oceanography; Biophysical Interaction; Air/Sea Interaction; Numerical modeling and data
assimilation; Operational Oceanography
Ph.D. Major Advisor:
Robert H. Weisberg, University of South Florida
Postdoctoral Advisors:
Robert C. Beardsley, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Dennis J. McGillicuddy, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Long-term Collaborators (within last four years):
R. Beardsley (WHOI), B. Blanton (UNC), I. Bang (UM), K. Carder (USF), D. Lynch (Dartmouth
College), J. Manning (NMFS), D. McGillicuddy (WHOI), C. Mooers (UM), H. Seim (UNC), K.
Smith (Dartmouth College), J. Walsh (USF), R. Weisberg (USF), F. Werner (UNC).
Synergistic Activities:
Contributing to the continuing development of US southeast Atlantic coastal ocean observing system
to support the monitoring and predicting of the coastal ocean environment.
Working with a team of scientists to develop and test a data assimilative modeling tool to
better understand harmful algal blooms (red tides) and other material property transports in the
Gulf of Maine.
He CV 1 of 2
Five Publications Most Relevant to Proposal:
1. He, R., Y. Liu and R. H. Weisberg (2004), Coastal ocean wind fields gauged against the
performance of an ocean circulation model. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, 14, 14303,
doi:10.1029/2003GL019261
2. He, R., R. H. Weisberg (2003), A Case Study of the Loop Current Intrusion on the West Florida
Shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 33, 2, 465-477
3. He, R., and R.H. Weisberg (2003), West Florida Shelf Circulation and Temperature Budget for
1998 Fall Transition. Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 23, 8, 777-800
4. He, R., R. H. Weisberg, H. Zhang, F. E. Muller-Karger, and R.W. Helber (2003), A cloud-free
satellite-derived, sea surface temperature analysis for the west Florida shelf. Geophysical
Research Letters, Vol. 30, 15, 1811, doi:10.1029/2003GL017673
5. He, R., R. H. Weisberg (2002), Tides on the West Florida Shelf. Journal of Physical
Oceanography, Vol. 32, 12, 3455-3473
Five Other Significant Publications:
1. Weisberg, R. H., R. He, G. Kirkpatrick, F. Muller-Karger, J. J. Walsh (2004), Coastal Ocean
Circulation influences on remotely sensed optical properties. Oceanography, 17, 68-75
2. Weisberg, R. H. and R. He (2003), Local and deep-ocean forcing contributions to anomalous
water properties on the West Florida Shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, 6, 3184,
doi:10.1029/2002JC001407
3. Walsh, J.J., R.H. Weisberg, D.A. Dieterle, R. He, and others (2003), The Phytoplankton
Response to Intrusions of Slope Water on the West Florida Shelf: models and Observations.
Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, 6, 3190, doi:10.1029/2002JC001406
4. Jolliff, J., J. J. Walsh, R. He and R. H. Weisberg and others (2003), The Dispersal of the
Suwannee River Plume over the West Florida Continental Shelf: Simulation and Observation of a
“ Flushing” Event. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, 13, 1709, doi:10.1029/2003GL01
5. He, R., R. H. Weisberg (2002), West Florida Shelf Circulation and Heat Budget for 1999 Spring
Transition. Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 22, 5, 719-748
He CV 2 of 2
Steven J. Lentz
Department of Physical Oceanography
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
Tel: 508-289-2808; Fax: 508-457-4181
Email: [email protected]
B.A., University of California, San Diego, 1977 (Mathematics); B.A., University of California,
San Diego, 1977 (Applied Mechanics and Engineering Science); Ph.D., Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1984.
Senior Scientist, 2000−present; Associate Scientist, 1991−2000, tenure awarded, 1995; Assistant
Scientist, 1987−1991; Visiting Investigator, 1985−1987; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Research Assistant, 1984−1985; Graduate Research Assistant, 1978−1984; Center for Coastal
Studies, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego.
Relevant and/or Significant Publications
Lentz, S., and J. Trowbridge, 2001. A dynamical description of fall and winter mean current
profiles over the northern California Shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31(4), 914−
931.
Lentz, S. J., 2001. The influence of stratification on the wind-driven cross-shelf circulation over
the North Carolina shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31(9), 2749−2760.
Lentz, Steven J., and Karl R. Helfrich, 2002. Buoyant gravity currents along a sloping bottom in
a rotating fluid. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 464, 251−278.
Lentz, S., K Shearman, S. Anderson, A. Plueddemann, and J. Edson, 2003. The evolution of
stratification over the New England shelf during the Coastal Mixing and Optics study,
August 1996−June 1997. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(C1), 3008, doi:10.1029/
2001JC001121.
Lentz, Steven J., Steve Elgar and R. T. Guza, 2003. Observations of the flow field near the nose
of a buoyant coastal current. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33, 933−943.
Shearman, R. K. and S. J. Lentz, 2003. Dynamics of mean and subtidal flow on the New England
shelf. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(C8), 3281, doi:10.1029/2002JC001417.
Lentz, Steven J., 2003. A climatology of salty intrusions over the continental shelf from Georges
Bank to Cape Hatteras. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(C10), 3326, doi:10.1029/
2003JC001859.
Lentz, S. J., R. C. Beardsley, J. D. Irish, J. Manning, P. C. Smith, and R. A. Weller. 2003.
Temperature and salt balances on Georges Bank February−August 1995. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 108(C11), doi:10.1029/2001JC001220.
Lentz CV 1 of 2
Lentz, Steven J. and David C. Chapman. The importance of non-linear cross-shelf momentum
flux during wind-driven coastal upwelling. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 34, 24442457.
Lentz, S. J. The response of buoyant coastal plumes to upwelling-favorable winds. Journal of
Physical Oceanography, 34(11), 2458-2469.
Synergistic Activities: My research focuses on a better understanding of physical processes that
impact a variety of important interdisciplinary problems, including coastal upwelling, groundfish survival on Georges Bank, larval transport, and sediment transport. I collect oceanic and
meteorological data, which is processed, documented in data reports, archived and made
available to the general scientific community and students. R. Beardsley, R. Pawlowicz, and I
have developed and made available to the oceanographic community Matlab based software that
allows easy analysis of the tides and air−sea fluxes. I am active in the MIT/WHOI education
program. I have also served on numerous Ph.D. thesis committees both within the MIT/WHOI
program and at other institutions. I have also been principal advisor to three students who
completed their doctoral degrees.
Collaborators within last four years: S. Anderson, J. Austin, R. Beardsley, K. Brink, M. Carr,
D. Chapman, J. Dean, E. Dever, J. Edson, S. Elgar, F. Fedderson, E. Garland, W. Geyer, H.
Graber, R. Guza, B. Haus, K. Helfrich, T. Herbers, D. Hebert, J. Irish, J. Largier, R. Limeburner,
J. Manning, N. Oakey, R. Pawlowicz, A. Plueddemann, B. Raubenheimer, S. Rennie, A. Shanks,
L. Shay, R.K. Shearman, P. Smith, J. Trowbridge, R. Weller, S. Werner, A. Williams, and D.
Wright, C. Zimmer.
Graduate Advisor: C. Winant, Scripps
Ph.D. Students Advised: E. Dever, J. Austin, M. Bowen
Post-Docs Supervised: R. K. Shearman
Lentz CV 2 of 2
Dennis Joseph McGillicuddy, Jr.
Associate Scientist
Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
phone: 508-289-2683
fax: 508-547-2194
email: [email protected]
citizenship: United States
Education:
1987 B.A., cum laude, Engineering Sciences, Harvard College.
1989 M.S., Applied Physics, Harvard University.
1993 Ph.D., Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University.
Professional Experience:
1987-1990
Graduate Fellowship, Office of Naval Research.
1989
Visiting Scientist, Institut Für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany.
1990-1993
Research Assistant, Harvard University.
1993-1995
Modeling Fellowship, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.
1993-1995
Postdoctoral Scholarship, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
1995-1999
Assistant Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
1999-Present Associate Scientist (tenure in 2003), Department of Applied Ocean Physics and
Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Honors and Awards:
1987 Office of Naval Research Graduate Fellowship
1993 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Postdoctoral Scholarship
1993 UCAR Postdoctoral Fellowship in Ocean Modeling
1998 Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award
2000 Lindeman Award, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
Research Interests: Influence of physical forcing on planktonic ecosystems and elemental cycling;
mesoscale ocean dynamics; primary production; coastal circulation; zooplankton population
dynamics; harmful algal blooms; numerical modeling and data assimilation.
Professional Affiliations:
Member, American Geophysical Union.
Member, American Meteorological Society.
Member, The Oceanography Society.
Member, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography.
Ph.D. Advisors:
Allan R. Robinson, Harvard University.
James J. McCarthy, Harvard University.
Postdoctoral Advisor:
Kenneth H. Brink, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Synergistic Activities
• Development and presentation of a public outreach lecture "Oases in the Oceanic Desert: Turbulent
Storms in the Sea and their Impact on Biological Productivity."
• Participation in numerous national committees and working groups.
• Guest lectures in undergraduate and graduate level courses in ocean science.
• Developed a general computational tool for inversion of the two-dimensional advection-diffusion
reaction equation ("Scotia 1.0").
McGillicuddy - 1 of 2
Long-term Associates and Collaborators (within last four years):
Donald Anderson (WHOI), Carin Ashjian (WHOI), Nicholas Bates (BBSR), P. Bissett (FERI), B.
Blanton (UNC), Ann Bucklin (UNH), Ken Buesseler (WHOI), Cabell Davis (WHOI), Scott Doney
(WHOI), Edward Durbin (URI), Paul Falkowski (Rutgers) Charles Flagg (BNL), Glenn Flierl (MIT),
Scott Gallager (WHOI), Veronique Garcon (CNRS), Wendy Gentleman (Dalhousie), Joel Goldman
(UCSC), Maria Guarnieri (UNH), Steven Haddock (MBARI), Charles Hannah (DFO), Dennis Hansell
(U. Miami/RSMAS), Robert Hetland (TAMU), R. Hill (UNH), J. Ip (Dartmouth), William Jenkins
(WHOI), James Ledwell (WHOI), C. Lewis (UC Berkeley), Richard Lough (NMFS) Richard Luettich
(UNC), Daniel Lynch (Dartmouth), Mathew Maltrud (LANL), James Manning (NMFS), Christopher
Naimie (Dartmouth), Andreas Oschlies (IFM Kiel), Jeffrey Paduan (NPS), John Quinlan (Rutgers),
Lewis Rothstein (URI), Jeffrey Runge (UNH), John Ryan (MBARI), Igor Shulman (USM), David Siegel
(UCSB), Rich Signell (USGS), Heidi Sosik (WHOI), David Townsend (U. Maine), Leonard Walstad
(Horn Pt Env. Lab), J. Waniek (IFM Kiel), Peter Wiebe (WHOI), Francisco Werner (UNC), James A.
Yoder (URI)
Publications Most Relevant to Proposal:
1. McGillicuddy, D.J., Lynch, D.R., Moore, A.M., Gentleman, W.C., Davis, C.S., and C.J. Meise,
1998. An adjoint data assimilation approach to diagnosis of physical and biological controls on
Pseudocalanus spp. in the Gulf of Maine - Georges Bank region. Fisheries Oceanography, 7(3/4),
205-218.
2. McGillicuddy, D.J., Lynch, D.R., Wiebe, P., Runge, J., Durbin, E.G., Gentleman, W.C., and C.S.
Davis, 2001. Evaluating the synopticity of the U.S. Globec Georges Bank Broad-scale sampling
pattern with Observational System Simulation Experiments. Deep-Sea Research II, 48, 483-499.
3. Flierl, G.R. and D.J. McGillicuddy, 2002. Mesoscale and submesoscale physical-biological
interactions. In: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Sea, A.R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy and B.J.
Rothschild, eds. The Sea, Volume 12. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 113-185.
4. McGillicuddy, D.J. and A. Bucklin, 2002. Intermingling of two Pseudocalanus species on Georges
Bank. Journal of Marine Research, 60, 583-604.
5. McGillicuddy, D.J., Signell, R.P., Stock, C.A., Keafer, B.A., Keller, M.D., Hetland, R.D. and D.M.
Anderson, 2003. A mechanism for offshore initiation of harmful algal blooms in the coastal Gulf of
Maine. Journal of Plankton Research, 25(9), 1131-1138.
Other Significant Publications:
1. McGillicuddy, D.J., Robinson, A.R., Siegel, D.A., Jannasch, H.W., Johnson, R., Dickey, T.D.,
McNeil, J., Michaels, A.F., and A.H. Knap, 1998. Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production
in the Sargasso Sea. Nature, 394, 263-265.
2. McGillicuddy, D.J., Johnson, R.J., Siegel, D.A., Michaels, A.F., Bates, N.R., and A.H. Knap, 1999.
Mesoscale variations of biogeochemical properties in the Sargasso Sea. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 104(C6), 13,381-13,394.
3. McGillicuddy, D.J., Kosnyrev, V.K., Ryan, J.P. and J.A. Yoder, 2001. Covariation of mesoscale
ocean color and sea surface temperature patterns in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Research II, 48,
1823-1836.
4. McGillicuddy, D.J., 2001. The internal weather of the sea and its influences on ocean
biogeochemistry. Oceanography, 14(4), 78-92.
5. McGillicuddy, D.J., Anderson, L.A., Doney, S.C., and M.E. Maltrud, 2003. Eddy-driven sources
and sinks of nutrients in the upper ocean: results from a 0.1 degree resolution model of the North
Atlantic. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(2), 1035, doi:10.1029/2002GB001987.
McGillicuddy - 2 of 2
p. 1
Biographical Sketch
LAWRENCE PAUL SANFORD
Professional Preparation:
1984 Ph.D., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Joint Program in Oceanography and Oceanographic Engineering, Oceanographic
Engineering.
1978 Sc.B., magna cum laude, Brown University, Mechanical Engineering
Appointments:
2001-present Professor, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point
Laboratory (UMCES, HPL)
1993-2001
Associate Professor, UMCES, HPL
1987-1993
Assistant Professor, UMCES, HPL
1984-1987
Postdoctoral Research Associate, UMCES, HPL
Honors:
NSF Graduate Fellowship, 1978-2001
University of Maryland Marine, Estuarine, and Environmental Sciences Program Graduate
Education Award, 1996
Kirby Laing Fellowship for Visiting Scholars, School of Ocean Sciences, Univ. of Wales,
Bangor, 2005
Five Publications Most Closely Related to the Proposed Project:
Sanford, L. P., P. Dickhudt, L. Rubiano-Gomez, M. Yates, S. Suttles, C. T. Friedrichs, D. D.
Fugate, and H. Romine, 2005. Variability of suspended particle concentrations, sizes and
settling velocities in the Chesapeake Bay turbidity maximum. in Flocculation in Natural
and Engineered Environmental Systems. I. G. Droppo, G. G. Leppard, P. Liss and T.
Milligan, eds. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, LLC: 211-236.
North, E.W., Chao, S.-Y., Sanford, L.P. and Hood, R.R., 2004. The influence of wind and river
pulses on an estuarine turbidity maximum: numerical studies and field observations.
Estuaries, 27(1):132-146.
Lin, W., Sanford, L.P. and Suttles, S., 2002. Wave measurement and modeling in Chesapeake
Bay. Continental Shelf Research: , 22(18-19):2673-2686.
Lin, W., Sanford, L.P., Suttles, S.E. and Valigura, R.A., 2002. Drag Coefficients with Fetch
Limited Wind Waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32: 3058-3074.
Sanford, L.P., Suttles, S.E. and Halka, J.P., 2001. Reconsidering the physics of the Chespeake
Bay Estuarine Turbidity Maximum. Estuaries, 24(5): 655-669.
Sanford CV 1 of 2
p. 2
Five Other Significant Publications:
Chang, M.-L. and Sanford, L.P., 2005. Modeling the effects of tidal resuspension and deposition
on early diagenesis of contaminants. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management,
8(1):41-51.
Li, M., L. Sanford, and S. Y. Chao, 2005. Effects of Time-dependence in Unstratified Tidal
Boundary Layers: Results from Large Eddy Simulations. Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf
Science. 62(1-2): 193-204.
Porter, E.T., Sanford, L.P., Gust, G. and Porter, F.S., 2004. Combined Water Column Mixing
and Benthic Boundary Layer Flow in Mesocosms: Key for Realistic Benthic-Pelagic
Coupling Studies. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 271:43-60.
Sanford, L.P. and Maa, J.P.-Y., 2001. A unified erosion formulation for fine sediments. Marine
Geology, 179(1-2): 9-23.
Roman, M.R., Holliday, D.V. and Sanford, L.P., 2001. Temporal and Spatial Patterns of
Zooplankton in the Chesapeake Bay Turbidity Maximum. Marine Ecology Progress
Series, 213: 215-227.
Synergistic Activities:
Member of USEPA Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP ) Sediment Workgroup;
Member of USEPA CBP Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee;
Reviewer for numerous journals and funding agencies;
Co-editor of refereed proceedings volume from 2003 International Cohesive Sediment Transport
(INTERCOH) meeting;
Sediment transport modeling consultant for Hydroqual, Inc., Mahwah, NJ.
Collaborators and Other Affiliations
(a) Academic Collaborators and Co-Editors (last 48 months)
J. Baker, A. Blumberg, W. Boicourt, E. Brown, M-L. Chang, C. Chen, S.-Y. Chao, J. Churchill,
D. DiToro, K. Farley, C. Friedrichs, P. Glibert, S. Greene, J. Halka, D.V. Holliday, R. Hood, E.
Houde, M. Kemp, E. Koch, J. Maa, R. Mason, R. Newell, E. North, E. Porter, M. Roman, C.
Sommerfield, D. Schoelhamer, D. Stoecker, N. Urban
(b) Graduate and Postdoctoral Advisors
W.D. Grant (deceased), W. Boicourt, L. Ward
Students and Postdoctoral Associates
(a) Postdoctoral Associates
S. Werner
(b) Students
B. Alleva; S.-N. Chen; S. Crawford; M.-L. Chang; W. Lin; E. Porter; K. Ruffin
Sanford CV 2 of 2
OSCAR M. SCHOFIELD
Coastal Ocean Observation Lab, Institute of Marine & Coastal Sciences
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
(TEL) 732.932.6555, x. 548 (FAX) 732.932.8578
[email protected] · http://www.marine.rutgers.edu/cool
A. PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION
1983-1987 B.A. in Aquatic Biology, Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
1989-1993 Ph.D. in Biology, Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
1994
Postdoctoral Researcher, Center for Remote Sensing and Environmental Optics, University
of California, Santa Barbara
1994-1995 Postdoctoral Researcher, Southern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research
Service
B. APPOINTMENTS
2001-Present Associate Professor, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University
2001-Present Adjunct Professor, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
2000-Present Member of Rutgers Ocean Systems Engineering Center
1999-Present Member of Rutgers Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Biology Program
1999-Present Co-Director of the Coastal Ocean Observation Laboratory
1995-2001
Assistant Professor, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University
1995-Present Adjunct Research Scientist, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL
1995
Adjunct Professor of Biological Sciences, Loyola University, New Orleans, LA
1989-1990
Curator, Algal Culture Collection, Department of Biology, UCA, Santa Barbara
C. PUBLICATIONS (5 RELATED, 5 OTHER*)
1) Falkowski, P.G., M. Katz, A. Knoll, J. Raven, O. Schofield, M. Taylor (2004) The consequences of
the evolution of eukaryotic phytoplankton. Science, 305: 354-360.
2) Oliver, M. J., Schofield, O., Bergmann, T., Glenn, S. M., Moline, M. A., Orrico, C. 2004. In-situ
optically derived phytoplankton absorption properties in coastal waters and its utility for estimating
primary productivity rates. : Journal of Geophysical Research. 109, C07S11, doi:
3) Oliver, M.J., S. Glenn, J.T. Kohut, A.J. Irwin, O. Schofield, M.A. Moline, and W.P. Bisset (2004),
Bioinformatic Approaches for Objective Detection of Water Masses on Continental Shelves.
J.Geophy. Res, 109, C07S04, doi: 10.1029/2003JC002072. http://www.agu.org/journals/ss/COCOB1/
4) Schofield, O., R. Arnone, W.P. Bissett, T. Dickey, C. Davis, Z. Finkel, M. Oliver, M. A. Moline,
(2004) Watercolors in the coastal zone: What can we see? Oceanography. 107: 28-37.
5) Schofield, O., M. Tivey (2004). Building a window to the sea: Ocean Research Interactive Observing
Networks (ORION). Oceanography. 17: 105-111.
6) Moline M. A., S. M. Blackwell, R. Chant, M. J. Oliver, T. Bergmann, S. Glenn, O. Schofield (2004),
Episodic physical forcing and the structure of phytoplankton communities in the coastal waters of
New Jersey, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12S05, doi:10.1029/2003JC001985.
7) Schofield O., T. Bergmann, M. J. Oliver, A. Irwin, G. Kirkpatrick, W. P. Bissett, M. A. Moline, C.
Orrico (2004), Inversion of spectral absorption in the optically complex coastal waters of the MidAtlantic Bight, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12S04, doi:10.1029/2003JC002071.
8) Schofield, O., W.P. Bissett, T.K. Frazer, D. Iglesias-Rodriguez, M.A. Moline, S. Glenn, (2003)
Development of regional coastal ocean observatories and the potential benefits to marine sanctuaries.
Marine Technology Society 37: 54-67.
9) Schofield, O., T. Bergmann, W.P. Bissett, F. Grassle, D. Haidvogel, J. Kohut, M. Moline, S. Glenn
(2002) The Long-Term Ecosystem Observatory: An Integrated Coastal Observatory. Journal of
Oceanic Engineering. 27(2): 146-154.
10) Schofield O., S. Glenn (2004), Introduction to special section: Coastal Ocean Observatories, J.
Geophys. Res., 109, C12S01, doi:10.1029/2004JC002577.
Schofield CV 1 of 2
D. SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES
2004
Science Advisory Team GOES-R Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) Coastal Water
(CW) Imager
2004
Steering Committee for Alliance of Coastal Technolgoies Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Workshop
2004-2006 Editorial Advisory Board Continental Shelf Research and Journal of Geophysical Research
2004-2006 North American Chair for the Oceanography Society Meetings in Paris, France, Spring 2005
2004-2006 Executive Steering Committee for the ORION Program
E. COLLABORATORS & OTHER AFFILIATIONS (LAST 48 MONTHS): K. Able (Rutgers), H.Arango
(Rutgers), B. Arnone (NRL), R. Avissar (Duke), D. Barrick (CODAR), H. Barrier (Rutgers), K. BenoitBird (Oregon), T. Berger (SAIC), T. Bergmann (U. Maine), P. Bissett (FERI), S. Blackwell (CalPoly),A.
Blumberg (Stevens), W. Boicourt (U. MD), P. Bogden (GoMOOS), J. Bosch (Rutgers), E. Boss (U.
Maine), L. Bowers (Rutgers), T. Bowers (NRL), P. Burke (Stevens), W. Browning (Applied Mathematics
Inc), M. Bruno (Stevens), B. Butman (USGS), T. Campbell (Webb Research), J. Case (UCSB), G. Chang
(UCSB), B. Chant (Rutgers), B. Chen (UMass), J. Churchill (WHOI), A. Cope (NWS), P. Cornillon
(URI), B. Cowen (RSMAS), E. Creed (Rutgers), M. Crowley (SeaSpace), J. Cullen (WHOI), C. Curran,
M. Dermarest, M. DeLuca (Rutgers), T. Dickey (UCSB), J. Dighton (Rutgers), P. Dragos (Battelle), R.
Dunk (Rutgers), S. Durski (Oregon State), J. Erwin (CODAR), K. Fennel (Rutgers), J. Fracassi (Rutgers),
T. Frazer (U. Florida), B. Fullerton (Stevens), R. Geyer (WHOI), S. Glenn (Rutgers), F. Grassle
(Rutgers), G. Griffiths (Southampton University), T. Gross (NOAA), J. Gryzmski (Rockerfeller U.), D.
Haidvogel (Rutgers), C. Haldeman (Rutgers), J. Hamrick, J. Hare (NOAA), C. Harris (VIMS), K.
Hedstrom (U. Alaska), T. Herrington (Sea Grant), C. Herron (MBARI), J. Hillier (Mote), D. Hires
(Stevens), B. Houghton (Lamont), E. Hunter (Rutgers), D. Iglesias-Rodriguez (U. Nottingham), A. Irwin
(CUNY), C. Jones (Webb Research), A. Kahl (Rutgers), W. Kasch (JHU/APL), T. Keen (NRL), J.
Kerfoot (Rutgers), L. Kerkhoff (Rutgers), G. Kirkpatrick (Mote Marine Lab), J. Kohut (Rutgers), P.M.
Kosro (Oregon State), P. Lermusiaux (Harvard), S. Lichtenwalner (U. South Florida), P. Lilleboe
(CODAR Ocean Sensors), B. Lipa (CODAR Ocean Sensors), J. McDonnell (Rutgers), W. Miller, C.
Mobley (Sequoia Scientific), M. Moline (CalPoly), C. Mudgal (Rutgers), R. Nichols (JHU/APL), J.
O’Donnell (UConn), M. Oliver (Rutgers),L. Oman, C. Orrico (UCSB), J. Paduan (Naval PG School), H.
Pan (Rutgers), B. Parker (NOAA), A. Pence, E. Peters, A. Pluddeman (WHOI), K. Prasad (SeaSpace), D.
Porter (JHU/APL), M. Purcell (WHOI),K. Rankin (Bigelow), J. Reinfelder (Rutgers), H. Roarty
(Rutgers), E. Romana (Rutgers), R. Sherrell (Rutgers), C. Sherwood (USGS), P. Shrestha, R. Signell
(USGS), T. Song (JPL), R. Styles (U. South Carolina), C. Teague (CODAR), S. Thomas (DHS), C.
Thoroughgood (U. Del.), S. Tozzi (VIMS), J. Trowbridge (WHOI), M. Twardowski (URI), C.s von Alt
(WHOI), D. Webb (Webb Research), A. Weidemann (NRL), J. Wiggins (Princeton), J. Wilkin (Rutgers),
P. Zhang (Rutgers), M. Zuo (UMass).
Graduate and Postdoctoral Advisors: Barbara Prézelin (Ph.D.) – UCSB, David Millie (Post-doctoral) –
Agricultural Research Service
Thesis Advisor and Postgraduate-Scholar Sponsor: Students – Joe Gyzymski (Ph.D.), Felisa Wolfe
(Ph.D), Trisha Bergmann (Ph.D.), Zoe Finkel (Ph.D.), Mathew Oliver (Ph.D.) – Rachael Sipler (Ph.D.) –
Alex Kahl (Ph. D.) – Jessie Sebbo (MS) Post-docs – Mark Moline, Yu Gao, Antionetta Quigg, Elena
Litchman, Lin Jhang.
Honors and Awards:
Antarctic Service Medal (1988), University Research SCUBA certification (1988), University of
California at Santa Barbara Travel Award (1992), University of CA Regents Fellowship Award (1992),
Invited Scientist National Academy of Sciences and Max Planck for the German-American Frontiers of
Science, Münich Germany (1997), Invited Participant National Academy of Sciences and Japan Science
& Technology Corporation (JAMSTEC), Japanese-American Frontiers of Science Symposium (1999),
Rutgers University Faculty Academic Service Increment Program (FASIP) Award (1998-2002), NJ State
Legislation Resolution Assembly Resolution No. 209 recognizing RU COOL as a state resource (2003)
Schofield CV 2 of 2
Heidi M. Sosik
Associate Scientist
Biology Department
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Telephone: 508-289-2311
Fax: 508-457-2134
E-mail: [email protected]
Home Page: www.whoi.edu/science/B/sosiklab/
PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION:
MIT, Civil Engineering/Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, S.B. 1987.
MIT, Civil Engineering/Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, S.M. 1987.
University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Ph.D. 1993,
"Phytoplankton Photophysiology and Optical Modeling of Primary Production: Laboratory
Results and Field Studies in the California Current System".
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biological Oceanography, Postdoctoral Scholar
1993-1996.
APPOINTMENTS:
Associate Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1999-present.
Assistant Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1994-1999.
Postdoctoral Scholar, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1993-1996.
Graduate Research Fellow, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1988-1993.
Graduate Research Assistant, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987-1988.
Teaching Assistant, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986-1987.
HONORS AND AWARDS:
WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute/Ocean Life Institute Fellow, 2003. ONR Young Investigator
Program Award, 1997. Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, 1996.
NASA New Investigator Program Award, 1996. DOE Global Change Distinguished
Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1994. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Postdoctoral Scholar
Award, 1993. ONR Student Oceanography Award, 1993. NASA Graduate Student Researchers
Program Award, 1991. NSF Graduate Fellowship, 1988. Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution Summer Student Fellowship, 1986. Sea Grant Fellowship for Undergraduate
Research, 1986. National Merit Scholar, 1983.
PUBLICATIONS:
5 Related Publications:
Green, R. E., and H. M. Sosik. 2004. Analysis of apparent optical properties and ocean color
models using measurements of seawater constituents in New England continental shelf surface
waters. J. Geophys. Res. 109: C03026, doi:03010.01029/02003JC001977.
Sosik, H. M, R. J. Olson, M. G. Neubert, and A. R. Solow. 2003. Growth rates of coastal
phytoplankton from time-series measurements with a submersible flow cytometer. Limnology
and Oceanography. 48: 1756-1765.
Green, R.E., H.M. Sosik, and R.J. Olson. 2003. Contributions of phytoplankton and other
particles to inherent optical properties in New England continental shelf waters. Limnol.
Oceanogr.. 48: 2377-2391.
Sosik CV 1 of 2
Sosik, H. M., R. E. Green, W. S. Pegau and C. S. Roesler. 2001. Temporal and vertical variability
in optical properties of New England shelf waters during late summer and spring. J. Geophys. Res.
106: 9455-9472.
Sosik, H. M. 1996. Bio-optical modeling of primary production: Consequences of variability in
quantum yield and specific absorption. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 143: 225-238.
5 Other Significant Publications:
Martin Traykovski, L.V. and H. M. Sosik. 2003. Feature-based classification of optical water
types in the northwest Atlantic based on satellite ocean color data. J. Geophys. Res. 108: 3150,
doi: 10.1029/2001JC001172.
Olson, R.J., A. Shalapyonok, and H.M. Sosik. 2003. An automated submersible flow cytometer
for analyzing pico- and nanophytoplankton: FlowCytobot. Deep-Sea Research I. 50: 301-315.
Sosik, H. M. and R. J. Olson. 2002. Phytoplankton and iron limitation of photosynthetic
efficiency in the Southern Ocean during late summer. Deep-Sea Res. 49: 1195-1216.
Olson, R. J., A. M. Chekalyuk and H. M. Sosik. 1996. Phytoplankton photosynthetic
characteristics from fluorescence induction assays of individual cells. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:
1253-1263.
Sosik, H. M. and B. G. Mitchell. 1995. Light absorption by phytoplankton, photosynthetic
pigments and detritus in the California Current System. Deep Sea-Res. 42: 1717-1748.
SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES:
Development of Undergraduate Course on Satellite Remote Sensing in Biological Oceanography
at Cornell Univ./Shoals Marine Laboratory; Collaboration on development of instrumentation for
individual cell measurements of photosynthetic properties and for submersible autonomous flow
cytometry; Member NASA’s Ocean Color Research Team; Member NASA’s SIMBIOS Team;
Associate Editor for Limnology and Oceanography; Associate Editor for Limnology and
Oceanography: Methods.
COLLABORATORS & OTHER AFFILIATIONS:
Collaborators:
Josh Blakey, Alexander Chekalyuk (NASA GSFC), Cabell Davis (WHOI), Scott Gallager
(WHOI), Wilf Gardner (Texas A&M Univ.), Charles Green (Cornell Univ.), Steven Lohrenz
(Univ. of Mississippi), William Miller (Dalhousie University), Bruce Monger (Cornell Univ.),
Scott Pegau (Oregon State Univ.), Collin Roesler (Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sciences), John
Trowbridge (WHOI), Peter Wiebe (WHOI).
Graduate and Post Doctoral Advisors:
Graduate: Sallie W. Chisholm (MIT), Thomas L. Hayward (SIO/UCSD), B. Greg Mitchell
(SIO/UCSD); Postdoctoral: Robert J. Olson (WHOI)
Thesis Advisor and Postgraduate-Scholar Sponsor:
Ph.D Students: Rebecca E. Green; Postdoctoral Investigators: Michele D. DuRand, Linda V.
Martin Traykovski, J. Ru Morrison; total graduate students: 1; total post-doctoral investigators:
3.
Sosik CV 2 of 2
JOHN H. TROWBRIDGE
Born 23 September 1955. B.S., University of Washington, 1977 (Civil Engineering); S.M.,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1979 (Civil Engineering); Sc.D., Massachusetts Institute
of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1983 (Oceanographic Engineering).
Graduate Research and Teaching Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 1977-79 and 1980-83. Research Assistant, Department of Geology and
Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1979-80. Assistant Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, 1983-87. Assistant Scientist (1987-1991),
Associate Scientist (1991-1995), and Associate Scientist with Tenure (1995-2001), Senior
Scientist, (2001-present) Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution.
Research Interests:
Mechanics of geophysical boundary layers, mechanics of sediment transport, shelf and nearshore
processes.
Related Publications:
1.
Trowbridge, J. H., 1998. On a technique for measurement of turbulent shear stress in the
presence of surface waves. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 15, 290-298.
2.
Trowbridge, J. H., W. R. Geyer, M. M. Bowen, and A. J. Williams, 1999. Near-bottom
turbulence measurements in a partially mixed estuary: turbulent energy balance, velocity
structure, and along-channel momentum balance. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 29, 3056-3072.
3.
Shaw, W. J., J. H. Trowbridge, and A. J. Williams, 2001. Budgets of turbulent kinetic
energy and scalar variance in the continental shelf bottom boundary layer. J. Geophys.
Res. 106, 9551-9564.
4.
Trowbridge, J. H. and S. Elgar, 2001. Turbulence measurements in the surf zone. J.
Phys. Oceanogr. 31, 2403-2417.
5.
Trowbridge, J. H. and S. Elgar, 2003. Spatial scales of stress-carrying nearshore
turbulence. J. Phys. Oceanogr, 33:1122-1128.
Other Significant Publications:
1.
Trowbridge, J. H., and G. C. Kineke, 1994. Structure and dynamics of fluid muds on the
Amazon continental shelf. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 865-874.
2.
Trowbridge, J. H., 1995. A mechanism for the formation and maintenance of shoreoblique sand ridges on storm-dominated shelves. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 16071-16086.
3.
Trowbridge, J. H., and S. J. Lentz, 1998. Dynamics of the bottom boundary layer on the
northern California shelf. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28, 2075-2093.
Trowbridge CV - 1 of 2
4.
Shaw, W. J., and J. H. Trowbridge, 2001. The direct estimation of near-bottom turbulent
fluxes in the presence of energetic wave motions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 18, 15401557.
5.
Fries, S. J. and J. H. Trowbridge, 2003. Flume observations of enhanced fine particle
deposition to permeable sediment beds. Limnology and Oceanography, 48:802-812.
Synergistic Activities
Associate editor, J. Geophy. Res. (1992-1998)
Guest editor, STRESS issue of Cont. Shelf Res. (1993-1994)
Member, MARGINS steering committee (1999-2000)
Collaborators (Last 48 months):
R. Geyer, S. Lentz, S. Williams — Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
G. Voulgaris — University of South Carolina
H. Peters — University of Miami
F. Feddersen – Scripps Institute of Oceanography
Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Scholars:
Ph.D. candidates (Last 5 years), W. Shaw (1995-1999); S. Fries (1998-2001)
Total Ph.D. candidates: 2
Total M.S. candidates: 4
Total Postdoctoral Scholars: 4
Ph.D. Advisor:
Dr. Ole Madsen
Trowbridge CV – 2 of 2
PETER H. WIEBE
Biologist, Senior Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Born: October 2, 1940
B.S., 1962, North Arizona University
Ph.D., 1968, University of California
POSITIONS HELD:
Research Assistant, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1962-1968
Postdoctoral Fellow, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 1968-1969
Temporary Assistant Professor, Oregon State University, July-August, 1969
Assistant Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1969-1974
Associate Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1974-1984
Director, Center for Analysis of Marine Systems (WHOI), January 1983December 1986
Senior Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1984-present
Adjunct Professor, Boston University, 1989-present
Department Chairman, Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
1988-1992
SOCIETIES:
American Association for the Advancement of Science (elected Fellow, May 1984)
American Society for Limnology and Oceanography
Phi Kappa Phi
American Geophysical Union
AWARDS AND HONORS:
Awarded the Adams Chair in May 1996
NOAA Earth Day Environmental Hero award, May 1999 (by letter from Vice-President Al Gore)
Five Publications Relevant to the Proposed Research
65
1991 Miller, C.B., T.J. Cowles, P.H. Wiebe, N.J. Copley, and H. Grigg. Phenology in Calanus
finmarchicus; hypotheses about control mechanisms. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 72: 79-91.
67
1992 Wiebe, P.H., N.J. Copley, and S.H. Boyd. Coarse-scale horizontal patchiness and vertical
migration in newly formed Gulf Stream warm-core ring 82-H. Deep-Sea Res. 39, Suppl.
1: 247-278.
90
1996 Wiebe, P.H., D. Mountain, T.K. Stanton, C. Greene, G. Lough, S. Kaartvedt, J. Manning,
J. Dawson, L. Martin, and N. Copley. Acoustical study of the spatial distribution of
plankton on Georges Bank and the relation of volume backscattering strength to the
taxonomic composition of the plankton. Deep-Sea Research II. 43: 1971-2001.
94
1997 Wiebe, P.H., T.K. Stanton, M.C. Benfield, D.G. Mountain, and C.H. Greene. Highfrequency acoustic volume backscattering in the Georges Bank coastal region and its
interpretation using scattering models. In. " Shallow water acoustics, geophysics, and
oceanography". IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. 22(3): 445-464.
135
2004 Lawson, G.L., P.H. Wiebe, C.J. Ashjian, S.M. Gallager, C.S. Davis, and J.D. Warren.
2004. Acoustically-inferred zooplankton distribution in relation to hydrography west of
the Antarctic peninsula. Deep Sea Research II. 51(17-19): 2041-2072.
Five Additional Significant Publications
8
1973 Wiebe, P.H., G.D. Grice and E. Hoagland. Acid-iron waste as a factor affecting the
distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the New York Bight. II. Spatial variations
in the field and implications for monitoring studies. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science
1: 51-64.
Wiebe CV 1 of 2
22
l979
Cox, J.L. and P.H. Wiebe. Origins of plankton in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Est. and
Coast. Mar. Sci. 9: 509-527.
115
2001 Pershing, A. J. P.H. Wiebe, J.P. Manning, and N.J. Copley. Evidence for vertical
circulation cells in the well-mixed area of Georges Bank and their biological implications.
Deep-Sea Research II. 48(1-3): 283:310.
124
2002 Wiebe, P.H., T.K. Stanton, C.H. Greene, M.C. Benfield, H.M. Sosik, T. Austin, J.D.
Warren, and T. Hammar. BIOMAPER II: An integrated instrument platform for coupled
biological and physical measurements in coastal and oceanic regimes. IEEE Journal of
Oceanic Engineering. 27(3): 700-716.
126
2003 Wiebe, P.H. and M.C. Benfield. From the Hensen Net toward four-dimensional
biological oceanography. Progress in Oceanography. 56(1): 7-136.
Synergistic Activities
Member (U.S. representative) of the ICES Oceanography Committee (appointed in June 1999).
Member of the ICES Working Group on Zooplankton Ecology since 1994
Co-chair of the ICES Study Group of Management of Integrated Data since 2003
Ex-officio member of U.S. GLOBEC National Steering Committee
Chairman of the U.S. GLOBEC Georges Bank Program Executive Committee (1993 to present)
Member of the U.S. GLOBEC Southern Ocean Program Executive Committee (2000 to present).
Chair, UNOLS (October 2004)
Graduate Students and Post-Doctoral fellows Sponsored During Past 5-Years:
Dr. Linda Martin, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Graduate Student
Dr. Joseph Warren, Southampton College, Southampton, New York
Dr. Mark Baumgartner, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Non-WHOI Scientific Collaborators Within the Last four Years
Dr. Olafur S. Astthorsson, MRI, Reykjavik, Iceland
Dr. Ann Bucklin, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
Dr. M.E. Clarke, Northwest Fishieries Science Center, Seattle, Washington
Dr. Glenn Flierl, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Dr. Astthor. Gislason, MRI, Reykajavik, Iceland
Dr. Louis Goodman, ONR, Arlington, Virginia
Dr. Charles Greene, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Dr. Stein Kaartvedt, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Dr. Greg Lough, NMFS/NEFC, Woods Hole, MA
Dr. Charles Miller, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.
Dr. David Mountain, NMFS/NEFC, Woods Hole, MA
Dr. Bruce Monger, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Dr. Andrew Pershing, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Dr. Douglas Sameoto, BIO, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Dr. Hein Rune Skjoldal, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
Dr. Lutz Postel, Baltic Sea Research Institute, Rostock - Warnemünde. Germany.
GRADUATE ADVISOR: Dr. John McGowan, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA
POSTDOCTORAL ADVISOR: Dr. Malvern Gilmartin, University of Maine, Orono, Maine.
Wiebe CV 2 of 2
James A. Yoder
Professor
Graduate School of Oceanography
University of Rhode Island
South Ferry Rd.
Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882
Phone: 401-874-6864
Email: [email protected]
Education
1970 B.A. Botany, DePauw University
1974 M.S. Oceanography, University of Rhode Island
1979 Ph.D. Oceanography, University of Rhode Island
Recent Experience
2001- 2004 :Intergovernmental Personnel Agreement (IPA) assignment as Director, Ocean
Sciences Division (OCE), National Science Foundation (NSF).
1996-97: Intergovernmental Personnel Agreement assignment to NASA Headquarters.
Program Manager of Ocean Color/Oceanic Biology/Biogeochemistry Program in the
Mission to Planet Earth Division.
1989- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, promoted to
Professor, July, 1992, tenure granted in July, 1993.
Associate Dean, 1993-1998. Responsible for academic program in oceanography,
including curriculum planning and delivery, admissions, recruitment, and graduate
student affairs.
Interim Dean of Oceanography, January, 2000 -July, 2001.
Selected Publications in Scientific Journals since 2000.
2005 Mouw, C.B. and J.A. Yoder. Primary production calculations in the Mid-Atlantic Bight,
including effects of phytoplankton community size structure. Limnology and Oceanography, in
press.
2004 Uz, M. and J.A. Yoder. High frequency and mesoscale variability in SeaWiFS
chlorophyll imagery and its relation to other remotely sensed oceanographic variables. DeepSea Res.II, 51: 1001-1017
Schollaert, S.E., T. Rossby and J.A. Yoder. Gulf Stream cross-frontal exchange:
possible mechanisms to explain inter-annual variations in phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Slope
Sea during the SeaWiFS years. Deep-Sea Res. II. 51: 173-188.
Yoder CV 1 of 2
Bontempi, P.S. and J.A. Yoder. Spatial Variability in SeaWiFS Imagery of the South
Atlantic Bight as Evidenced by Gradients (Fronts) in Chlorophyll a and Water-leaving Radiance.
Deep-Sea Res. II., 51: 1019-1032.
Nelson, N.B., D.A. Siegel and J.A. Yoder. The spring bloom in the Sargasso Sea: Spatial
extent and relationship with winter mixing. Deep-Sea Res. II, 51: 987-1000.
2003 Schollaert, S.E., J.A. Yoder, D.L. Westphal and J.E. O'Reilly. The influence of dust and
sulfate aerosols upon SeaWiFS ocean color bands and chlorophyll-a concentrations derived from
SeaWiFS off the U.S. East Coast. J. Geophys. Res., in press.
2002 Siegel, D.A., S. C. Doney, and J. A. Yoder, The North Atlantic spring
phytoplankton bloom and Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis, Science, 296: 730-733.
Yoder, J.A., S.E. Schollaert and J.E. O’Reilly. Climatological phytoplankton chlorophyll
and sea-surface temperature patterns in continental shelf and slope waters off the Northeast U.S.
coast. Limnology and Oceanography 47: 672-682.
Keith, D.J., J.A. Yoder, and S.A. Freeman. Spatial and temporal distribution of Coloured
Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island: Implications for
phytoplankton in coastal waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 55, 705-717.
Campbell, J.W., D. Antoine, R. Armstrong, K. Arrigo, W. Balch, R. Barber, M.
Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, J. Bishop, M.-E. Carr, W. Esaias, P. Falkowski, N. Hoepffner, R.
Iverson, D. Kiefer, S. Lohrenz, J. Marra, A. Morel, J. Ryan, V. Vedernikov, K. Waters, C.
Yentsch, and J. Yoder. Comparison of algorithms for estimating ocean primary productivity
from surface chlorophyll, temperature, and irradiance. Global Biogeoch.Cycles, 16(3), 2002.
Gregg, W.W., M.E. Conkright, J.E. O’Reilly, F.S. Patty, M. H. Wang, J.A. Yoder and
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