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Westinghouse Non-Proprietary Class 3
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
UKP-GW-GL-037, Revision 1
Westinghouse Electric Company LLC
P.O. Box 355
Pittsburgh, PA 15230
Copyright © 2010
Westinghouse Electric Company LLC
All Rights Reserved
Revision History
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
REVISION HISTORY
Revision
Description of Changes
0
Initial Submittal.
1
Complete rewrite and reformatting to incorporate responses to Technical Queries and
Regulatory Observations.
UKP-GW-GL-037
ii
Revision 1
Table of Contents
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Title
Page
REVISION HISTORY .................................................................................................................................ii
LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................................... iv
LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ v
1.0
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
2.0
COMAH SUBSTANCES ...................................................................................................... 2
3.0
CHEMICALS STORED AT AP1000.................................................................................... 6
4.0
APPLICABILITY OF COMAH TO AP1000...................................................................... 10
5.0
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................. 16
6.0
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 17
UKP-GW-GL-037
iii
Revision 1
Table of Contents
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1
HSE Named COMAH Substances ......................................................................................... 3
Table 2-2
HSE Categories of Substances and Preparations not Specifically Named............................. 5
Table 3-1
Inventories on AP1000 Turbine Island .................................................................................. 7
Table 3-2
Inventories on AP1000 Nuclear Island .................................................................................. 8
Table 3-3
Chemical Inventory on Seawater Cooling System................................................................. 9
Table 4-1
AP1000 Dangerous Substance Categories ........................................................................... 11
Table 4-2
HSE Risk Phrases ................................................................................................................ 13
Table 4-3
Comparison of AP1000 with COMAH Regulations............................................................ 15
UKP-GW-GL-037
iv
Revision 1
List of Acronyms
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
LIST OF ACRONYMS
COMAH
CFS
DOS
FPS
GDA
HSE
LPG
MAPP
PGS
UK
VWS
Control of Major Accident and Hazard Regulations
Turbine Island Chemical Feed System
Standby Diesel Fuel Oil System
Fire Protection System
Generic Design Assessment
Health and Safety Executive
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Major Accident Prevention Policy
Plant Gas System
United Kingdom
Central Chilled Water System
UKP-GW-GL-037
v
Revision 1
1.0 Introduction
1.0
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
INTRODUCTION
The United Kingdom (UK) nuclear regulators have developed a Generic Design Assessment
(GDA) process for evaluating alternative designs for the next generation of nuclear power
plants to be built in the UK. Initially, the regulators review the safety, security, and
environmental impact of the nuclear power plant designs against a generic site, which, as far
as possible, will envelop or bound the characteristics of any potential UK site.
An important issue for the regulators is whether the storage of hazardous chemicals on the
Westinghouse AP1000 nuclear power plant design will fall within the Control of Major
Accident and Hazard (COMAH) regulations (Reference 1).
This report identifies the maximum inventory of the chemicals used on the AP1000 site. The
chemical inventories are compared against the COMAH specified thresholds of dangerous
substances to determine whether the AP1000 falls within the scope of COMAH regulations.
UKP-GW-GL-037
1
Revision 1
2.0 COMAH Substances
2.0
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
COMAH SUBSTANCES
The COMAH guidance specifies threshold quantities of dangerous substances that bring
establishments within the scope of COMAH regulations. Two thresholds are defined: a
lower-tier and a top-tier.
If the lower-tier is exceeded, operators must notify the competent authority, and take all
measures necessary to prevent major accidents and report any that do occur. Operators of
lower-tier sites must also prepare a Major Accident Prevention Policy (MAPP).
If the top-tier threshold is exceeded, operators must submit a substantial written safety report
and provide emergency planning requirements. Before a top-tier site is constructed,
information must be submitted for approval from the competent authority. Application fees
and regulatory cost recovery are higher for an upper tier site than for a lower tier site.
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) listed dangerous substances, with associated lower
and upper tier thresholds, to which the COMAH regulations apply as given in Table 2.1.
Substances that are not specifically listed may fall into a dangerous substance category, as
shown in Table 2.2.
UKP-GW-GL-037
2
Revision 1
2.0 COMAH Substances
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 2-1
HSE NAMED COMAH SUBSTANCES
Lower-Tier Site
Dangerous Substances
Top-Tier Site
Quantity in tonnes
Ammonium nitrate – Fertilisers capable of self-sustaining
decomposition
5,000
10,000
Ammonium nitrate – Fertiliser grade
1,250
5,000
Ammonium nitrate – Technical grade
350
500
Ammonium nitrate – Off-spec material and fertilisers not
satisfying the detonation resistance test
10
50
Potassium Nitrate (Composite potassium nitrate-based
fertilisers composed of potassium nitrate in prilled/granular
form)
5,000
10,000
Potassium Nitrate (Composite potassium nitrate-based
fertilisers composed of potassium nitrate in crystalline form)
1,250
5,000
Arsenic pentoxide, arsenic (V) acid and/or salts
1
2
Arsenic trioxide, arsenious (III) acid and/or salts
0.1
0.1
Bromine
20
100
Chlorine
10
25
Nickel compounds in inhalable powder form (nickel
monoxide, nickel dioxide, nickel sulphide, trinickel
disulphide, dinickel trioxide)
1
1
Ethyleneimine
10
20
Fluorine
10
20
Formaldehyde (concentration = >90%)
5
50
Hydrogen
5
50
Hydrogen chloride (liquefied gas)
25
250
Lead alkyls
5
50
Liquefied extremely flammable gases (including LPG) and
natural gas (whether liquefied or not)
50
200
Acetylene
5
50
Ethylene oxide
5
50
Propylene oxide
5
50
500
5,000
Methanol
UKP-GW-GL-037
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Revision 1
2.0 COMAH Substances
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 2-1 (cont.)
HSE NAMED COMAH SUBSTANCES
Lower-Tier Site
Dangerous Substances
Top-Tier Site
Quantity in tonnes
4, 4-Methylenebis (2-chloraniline) and/or salts, in powder
form
0.01
0.01
Methylisocyanate
0.15
0.15
Oxygen
200
2,000
Toluene diisocyanate
10
100
Carbonyl dichloride (phosgene)
0.3
0.75
Arsenic trihydride (arsine)
0.2
1
Phosphorus trihydride (phosphine)
0.2
1
Sulphur dichloride
1
1
Sulphur trioxide
15
75
0.001
0.001
0.5
2
2,500
25,000
Polychlorodibenzofurans and polychlorodibenzodioxins
(including TCDD), calculated in TCDD equivalent
The following CARCINOGENS
4-Aminobiphenyl and/or its salts, Benzidine and/or salts,
Bis(chloromethyl) ether, Chloromethyl methyl ether,
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, Dimethylnitrosomine,
Hexamethylphosphoric triamide, 2-Naphthylamine and/or
salts, 1,3 Propanesultone and 4-Nitrodiphenyl,
Benzotrichloride, 1,2-Dibromoethane, Diethyl sulphate,
Dimethyl sulphate, 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane,
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine, Hydrazine
Petroleum products:
(a) gasolines and naphthas
(b) kerosenes (including jet fuels)
(c) gas oils (including diesel fuels, home heating oils and gas
oil blending systems)
UKP-GW-GL-037
4
Revision 1
2.0 COMAH Substances
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 2-2
HSE CATEGORIES OF SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS NOT SPECIFICALLY NAMED
Lower-Tier Site
Dangerous Substances
Top-Tier Site
Quantity in tonnes
1. VERY TOXIC
5
20
2. TOXIC
50
200
3. OXIDISING
50
200
4. EXPLOSIVE (where the substance, preparation or article
is an explosive within UN/ADR Division 1.4)
50
200
5. EXPLOSIVE (where the substance, preparation or article
is an explosive within UN/ADR Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3,
1.5 or 1.6 or risk phrase R2 or R3)
10
50
6. FLAMMABLE (substances and preparations having a
flash point equal to or greater than 21°C and less than or
equal to 55°C (risk phrase R10), supporting combustion)
5,000
50,000
7a. HIGHLY FLAMMABLE (substances and preparations
which may become hot and finally catch fire in contact
with air at ambient temperature without any input of
energy (risk phrase R17), or that have a flash point lower
than 55°C and which remain as a liquid under pressure,
where particular processing conditions may create major
accident hazards)
50
200
5,000
50,000
8. EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE (liquid substances and
preparations which have a flash point lower than 0°C and
boiling point at normal pressure that is less than or equal
to 35°C, or gaseous substances and preparations which
are flammable in contact with air at ambient temperature
and pressure, or flammable liquid substances and
preparations maintained at a temperature above their
boiling point)
10
50
9. DANGEROUS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT in
combination with risk phrases:
100
200
200
500
100
500
50
200
7b. FLAMMABLE liquids (substances and preparations
having a flash point lower than 21°C and which are not
extremely flammable (risk phrase R11, second indent))
(i) R50: “Very toxic to aquatic organisms”
(ii) R51: “Toxic to aquatic organisms”; and
R53: “May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment”
10. ANY CLASSIFICATION not covered by those given
above in combination with risk phrases:
(i) R14: “Reacts violently with water” (including R14/15)
(ii) R29: “in contact with water, liberates toxic gas”
UKP-GW-GL-037
5
Revision 1
3.0 Chemicals Stored at AP1000
3.0
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
CHEMICALS STORED AT AP1000
Chemicals are stored at the AP1000 plant on the turbine island and the nuclear island. The
inventory and chemical content of each tank on the turbine island, nuclear island, and
seawater cooling system are summarised in Tables 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3, respectively.
UKP-GW-GL-037
6
Revision 1
3.0 Chemicals Stored at AP1000
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 3-1
INVENTORIES ON AP1000 TURBINE ISLAND
Inventory
Tank
Gallons (US)
m3
Chemical
Turbine Island Chemical Feed System (CFS)
MT01
800
3.0
Hydrazine or Carbohydrazide
MT02
800
3.0
pH control chemical – monoethanolamine
(actual pH control additive used may differ)
MT03
800
3.0
Ammonium Hydroxide
MT04
800
3.0
Ammonium Hydroxide
MT05
240
0.9
Sodium Sulfite and Sodium Hydroxide
MT07
800
3.0
Polyphosphate
MT08
800
3.0
Ammonium Chloride
MT11
800
3.0
Ammonium hydroxide
Standby Diesel Fuel Oil System (DOS)
MT01 A/B
120000
454.2
No. 2 Diesel Fuel Oil
MT02 A/B
2600
9.8
No. 2 Diesel Fuel Oil
MT03
650
2.5
No. 2 Diesel Fuel Oil
Fire Protection System (FPS)
MT02
240
0.9
No. 2 Diesel Fuel Oil
Plant Gas System (PGS)
Liquid
1500
5.7
Nitrogen
Gas (3 bottles)
27735 scf
785.4
Nitrogen
Liquid
1500
5.7
Hydrogen
Gas (1 bottle)
500 scf
14.2
Hydrogen
Liquid
104800 scf
2967.6
Carbon Dioxide
Central Chilled Water System (VWS)
MT02/MT05
45
0.2
Sodium Molybdate
Tolytriazole
MT02/MT05
45
0.2
Ethylene/Propylene Glycol
Zinc Addition Subsystem
Zinc Addition
UKP-GW-GL-037
200
0.8
Zinc Acetate
7
Revision 1
3.0 Chemicals Stored at AP1000
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 3-2
INVENTORIES ON AP1000 NUCLEAR ISLAND
Inventory
Gallons (US)
m3
80,000
302.8
Boric Acid
1500
5.7
Hydrogen
Lithium7Hydroxide
5
0.019
Lithium7Hydroxide
Hydrazine
5
0.019
Hydrazine
Tank
Boric Acid Tank
Hydrogen (liquid)
UKP-GW-GL-037
Chemicals
8
Revision 1
3.0 Chemicals Stored at AP1000
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 3-3
CHEMICAL INVENTORY ON SEAWATER COOLING SYSTEM
Inventory
Gallons (US)
m3
MT06
10000
37.9
Polyacrylate or polyphosphate or
orthopolyphosphate
MT09
10000
37.9
Sodium Hypochlorite
MT10
10000
37.9
Ammonium hydroxide
Tank
UKP-GW-GL-037
Chemicals
9
Revision 1
4.0 Applicability of COMAH to AP1000
4.0
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
APPLICABILITY OF COMAH TO AP1000
The chemicals that are stored at the AP1000 plant fall under different categories according to
COMAH regulations. The category for each substance, as well as the corresponding HSE
risk phrases and COMAH regulation thresholds are summarized in Table 4.1. The HSE risk
phrase definitions are listed in Table 4.2.
The maximum predicted inventory of each tank on the Westinghouse AP1000 nuclear power
plant was listed in Tables 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3.
To calculate the maximum total inventory of each individual substance, it is assumed that
each tank could potentially be 100% full of a single chemical.
The maximum total inventories on AP1000 can be compared against the COMAH specified
thresholds of dangerous substances listed in Table 4.1 to identify those that would fall under
COMAH regulations. This comparison is given in Table 4.3.
UKP-GW-GL-037
10
Revision 1
4.0 Applicability of COMAH to AP1000
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 4-1
AP1000 DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE CATEGORIES
Chemical
Dangerous
Substance
Category
Risk Phrases
(Table 4.2)
COMAH Thresholds (tonnes)
Lower-Tier
Top-Tier
R34 R36 R37
R38 R50
100
200
N/A
-
-
R12 R67
10
50
Turbine Island
Ammonium hydroxide Dangerous
for Environment,
(30% w/v)
Corrosive, Toxic
Carbon dioxide liquid
Non- flammable
Ethylene/Propylene
Glycol
Extremely
Flammable
Hydrazine (35% w/v)
Named Substance
R10 R23 R24
R25 R34 R43
R45 R50 R53
0.5
2
Hydrogen
Named Substance
R12
5
50
Morpholine
Harmful, Corrosive,
Flammable
R10 R20 R21
R22 R34
5000
50000
Nitrogen
Not Hazardous
N/A
-
-
No.2 Diesel fuel oil
Named Substance
R40
2500
25000
Polyphosphate
Not Hazardous
N/A
-
-
Sodium Hydroxide
Corrosive
R35
-
-
Sodium Molybdate
Irritant
R36, R37, R38
-
-
R31,R36,R38,
-
-
Tolytriazole (sodium) Harmful, Corrosive
(15% w/v)
R22 R34
-
-
Zinc Acetate
R22 R36
-
-
Turbine Island
Sodium Sulfite
Irritant
Harmful, Irritant
Nuclear Island
Boric Acid (<4% w/v)
Toxic
R60 R61
50
200
Lithium7Hydroxide
Harmful, Corrosive
R22 R35
-
-
Hydrazine (35% w/v)
Named Substance
R10 R23 R24
R25 R34 R43
R45 R50 R53
0.5
2
Hydrogen
Named Substance
R12
5
50
UKP-GW-GL-037
11
Revision 1
4.0 Applicability of COMAH to AP1000
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 4-1 (cont.)
AP1000 DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE CATEGORIES
Chemical
Dangerous
Substance
Category
Risk Phrases
(Table 4.2)
COMAH Thresholds (tonnes)
Lower-Tier
Top-Tier
Seawater Cooling System
Orthopolyphosphate
Not Hazardous
N/A
-
-
Polyacrylate
Not Hazardous
N/A
-
-
Polyphosphate
Not Hazardous
N/A
-
-
Sodium Hypochlorite Dangerous
for Environment,
(30% w/v)
Toxic, Corrosive
R31 R34 R50
100
200
Ammonium hydroxide Dangerous
for Environment,
(30% w/v)
Corrosive, Toxic
R34 R36 R37
R38 R50
100
200
UKP-GW-GL-037
12
Revision 1
4.0 Applicability of COMAH to AP1000
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 4-2
HSE RISK PHRASES
Risk
Phrase
Risk
Phrase
Definition
Definition
R1
Explosive when dry.
R19
May form explosive peroxides.
R2
Risk of explosion by shock, friction,
fire or other source of ignition.
R20
Harmful by inhalation.
R3
Extreme risk of explosion by shock,
friction, fire or other sources of
ignition.
R21
Harmful in contact with skin.
R4
Forms very sensitive explosive
metallic compounds.
R22
Harmful if swallowed.
R5
Heating may cause an explosion.
R23
Toxic by inhalation.
R6
Explosive with or without contact with
air.
R24
Toxic in contact with skin.
R7
May cause fire.
R25
Toxic if swallowed.
R8
Contact with combustible material
may cause fire.
R26
Very toxic by inhalation.
R9
Explosive when mixed with
combustible material.
R27
Very toxic in contact with skin.
R10
Flammable.
R28
Very toxic if swallowed.
R11
Highly flammable.
R29
Contact with water liberates toxic
gas.
R12
Extremely flammable.
R30
Can become highly flammable in
use.
R13
Extremely flammable liquefied gas.
R31
Contact with acids liberates toxic
gas.
R14
Reacts violently with water.
R32
Contact with acid liberates very
toxic gas.
R15
Contact with water liberates extremely
flammable gases.
R33
Danger of cumulative effects.
R16
Explosive when mixed with oxidizing
substances.
R34
Causes burns.
R17
Spontaneously flammable in air.
R35
Causes severe burns.
R18
In use, may form
inflammable/explosive vapour-air
mixture.
R36
Irritating to eyes.
UKP-GW-GL-037
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Revision 1
4.0 Applicability of COMAH to AP1000
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 4-2 (cont.)
HSE RISK PHRASES
Risk
Phrase
Risk
Phrase
Definition
Definition
Irritating to respiratory system.
R53
May cause long-term adverse
effects in the aquatic environment.
R38
Irritating to skin.
R54
Toxic to flora.
R39
Danger of very serious irreversible
effects.
R55
Toxic to fauna.
R40
Limited evidence of a carcinogenic
effect.
R56
Toxic to soil organisms.
R41
Risk of serious damage to the eyes.
R57
Toxic to bees.
R42
May cause sensitization by inhalation.
R58
May cause long-term adverse
effects in the environment.
R43
May cause sensitization by skin
contact.
R59
Dangerous to the ozone layer.
R44
Risk of explosion if heated under
confinement.
R60
May impair fertility.
R45
May cause cancer.
R61
May cause harm to the unborn
child.
R46
May cause heritable genetic damage.
R62
Risk of impaired fertility.
R47
May cause birth defects.
R63
Possible risk of harm to the unborn
child.
R48
Danger of serious damage to health by
prolonged exposure.
R64
May cause harm to breastfed babies.
R49
May cause cancer by inhalation.
R65
Harmful: may cause lung damage if
swallowed.
R50
Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
R66
Repeated exposure may cause skin
dryness or cracking.
R51
Toxic to aquatic organisms.
R67
Vapours may cause drowsiness and
dizziness.
R52
Harmful to aquatic organisms.
R68
Possible risk of irreversible effects.
R37
UKP-GW-GL-037
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Revision 1
4.0 Applicability of COMAH to AP1000
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
Table 4-3
COMPARISON OF AP1000 WITH COMAH REGULATIONS
Max
Conc
(% w/v)
Total
Inventor
y (m3)
Density
(kg/m3)
Total
Inventory
(tonnes)
Ammonium
hydroxide
30%
14.1
900
Carbon dioxide
liquid
100%
2967.6
Ethylene/
Propylene Glycol
100%
Hydrazine
COMAH
Thresholds (tonnes)
LowerTier
TopTier
COMAH
Applies?
(Y/N)
12.7
100
200
No
762
2261.3
-
-
No
0.2
1113
0.2
10
50
No
35%
3.05
1021
1.1
0.5
2
Yes
Hydrogen
100%
19.9
70
1.4
5
50
No
Nitrogen
100%
791.1
808
639.2
-
-
No
No. 2 Diesel fuel
oil
100%
467.4
880
411.3
2500
25000
No
Orthopoly
phosphate
100%
37.9
1350
51.2
-
-
No
Polyacrylate
100%
37.9
1310
49.6
-
-
No
Polyphosphate
100%
37.9
1250
47.4
-
-
No
Sodium
Hydroxide
50%
0.9
1529
0.7
-
-
No
Sodium
Hypochlorite
30%
37.9
1210
13.7
100
200
No
Sodium
Molybdate
100%
0.2
3780
0.8
-
-
No
Sodium Sulfite
30%
0.9
1150
0.3
-
-
No
Tolytriazole
(sodium)
15%
0.2
1000
0.03
-
-
No
Zinc Acetate
100%
0.8
7140
5.4
-
-
No
Boric Acid
4%
302.8
1.045
0.01
-
-
No
Lithium7
Hydroxide
100%
-
-
0.005
-
-
No
Hydrazine
100%
-
-
0.1
0.5
2
No
Hydrogen
(liquid)
100%
5.7
70
0.4
5
50
No
Chemical
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5.0 Summary and Conclusions
5.0
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Based on the current specification, the AP1000 nuclear power plant site will be a lower tier
COMAH site because of the proposed hydrazine inventory.
The hydrazine tank(s) potentially contain 1.1 tonnes of hydrazine, which is above the lower
tier COMAH threshold of 0.5 tonnes, but below the top tier COMAH threshold of 2 tonnes.
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6.0 Reference
6.0
Applicability of COMAH Regulations
REFERENCES
1.
Statutory Instrument 2005 No. 1088, “The Control of Major Accident Hazards
(Amendment) Regulations 2005,” Health and Safety Executive.
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