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Zootaxa 3652 (2): 075–116
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Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
Article
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3652.1.3
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:177AFC8A-F2D6-48D5-BB76-A28FDAD2A553
Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of East Asia (2). Study of a collection sample
deposited at the Russian Academy of Sciences, with descriptions of new species
and a checklist
AGNĖ ROCIENĖ & JONAS R. STONIS*
Division of Biosystematics Research, Department of Biology, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Studentu St. 39, Vilnius
LT-08106, Lithuania. E-mail: [email protected]
*Corresponding author
Abstract
Over the few couple of decades, the Nepticulidae of East Asia have been the subject of continuing investigation. Male
genitalia of the nepticulid species described from Primorskiy Kray (the Russian Far East) were re-examined in the preceding paper in this journal. The present paper continues our study on the diversity and systematics of the Nepticulidae of
East Asia based on a sample of specimens collected in 1974–1990 at various sites of the southern part of Primorskiy Kray
and treats 35 species: two new taxa (Ectoedemia ortiva sp. nov. and E. species 219) and 33 other species. Seventeen of
them are briefly discussed and illustrated with photographs of male genitalia. Two new synonyms are proposed, and three
new distribution records are provided. We also provide an updated checklist of the Nepticulidae of East Asia, which comprises 105 species; 67 species occur in the Russian Far East and 53 in Japan (20 of which occur both in Japan and Russia).
Species with Euro-East Asiatic distribution currently comprise 11% of the Japanese fauna and 16% of the continental fauna of the Russian Far East, Primorskiy Kray.
Key words: checklist, East Asia, Nepticulidae, new species, taxonomy
Introduction
Nepticulidae are a family of monotrysian Lepidoptera with about 800 described species worldwide. Studies of the
East Asiatic fauna began in the early 20th century with the description of three species (Nepticula trifasciata, N.
gimmonella and Trifurcula oishiella) by Matsumura (1931). Much later, Nepticulidae were briefly treated in
“Illustrated Flora & Fauna of Korea” (Park 1983); however, no reliable species records were provided in that work.
In 1984–1987 notable efforts were taken to raise our knowledge of the East Asiatic fauna of Nepticulidae from
obscurity. A considerable increase in the number of species known from the continental East Asia resulted from the
work of R. Puplesis (see Navickaitė et al. 2011a), who described 59 new species (51 currently recognized), mostly
from Primorskiy Kray (Puplesis 1984a, 1984b, 1984c, 1984d, 1985, 1987; Puplesis & Ivinskis 1985). Later these
species were reviewed (Puplesis 1994), followed by an annotated list of pests of cultivated plants (Kuznetzov &
Puplesis 1994) and a key to the Nepticulidae of the Russian Far East (Puplesis & Diškus 1997). Most recently,
Puplesis & Diškus (2003) provided a review and world catalogue of the Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea, and
(Sinev 2008) compiled a catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia.
The initial stimulus for studying the Japanese fauna came from Kuroko (1978, 1982, 1989, 1990), who
described two new species and provided other data on leaf-mining insects of Japan. The majority of the currently
known fauna (25 currently recognized species) was described in 1985 by T. C. M. Kemperman and C. Wilkinson
with biological data provided by H. Kuroko and T. Kumata (Kemperman & Wilkinson 1985).
Over the following two decades, various authors continued investigations of the Nepticulidae in Japan
(Kumata & Nakatani 1995; van Nieukerken & Kuroko 2005; Hirano 2010; Shinozaki et al. 2012), also Korea (Lee
& Byun 2007), China (van Nieukerken & Liu 2000), and the Russian Far East (Puplesis & Diškus 2003). Male
genitalia of the type material of the nepticulid species described from Primorskiy Kray (Russian Far east) were reAccepted by J-F. Landry: 8 Apr. 2013; published: 15 May 2013
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examined in the preceding paper in this journal (Stonis & Rocienė 2013), and the present paper continues our study
on the diversity and systematics of the Nepticulidae of East Asia.
Material and methods
A sizeable collection sample of Nepticulidae was made available to the authors from the Zoological Institute of the
Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia) (hereafter, ZIN). The material had been gathered by various
collectors in 1974–1990 at seven sites in the southern part of Primorskiy Kray (Figs 1–4) (the collecting sites are
listed below).
Adult moths were collected by attracting them to mercury-vapour light from a lamp suspended slightly above
eye-level and 5–10 cm in front of a white screen. Techniques for genitalia preparation and the protocol for
descriptions were outlined in Stonis & Rocienė (2013). Permanent slides were studied and photographed using a
Leica DM2500 microscope and Leica DFC420 digital camera, respectively.
The terminology of morphological structures follows Johansson et al. (1990), Puplesis (1994), Puplesis &
Robinson (2000), and Puplesis et al. (2002a, 2002b). Taxonomic nomenclature follows the world catalogue of the
Nepticuloidea and Tischerioidea by Puplesis & Diškus (2003).
Details of collecting localities presented in the checklist are abbreviated as follows:
Andreevka
Barabash Levada
Gornotayezhnoe
Kedrovaya Pad
Kamenushka
Ryazanovka
Zanadvorovka
Primorskiy Kray, Khasan District, Andreevka env., 42°38′ N, 131°07′ E.
Primorskiy Kray, Pogranichnyi District, Barabash Levada, 44°45′ N, 131°25′ E.
Primorskiy Kray, 20 km E Ussuriysk, Gornotayezhnoe, 43°41′ N, 132°09′ E.
Primorskiy Kray, Kedrovaya Pad‘ Nature Reserve,43°11′ N, 131°24′ E.
Primorskiy Kray, Ussuriysk District, Kamenushka, 44°10′ N, 131°22′ E.
Primorskiy Kray, Khasan District, 10 km S Slavyanka, Ryazanovka, 42°47′ N, 131°14′ E.
Primorskiy Kray, Khasan District, Zanadvorovka env., 43°18′ N, 131°37′ E.
Description of new species
Ectoedemia ortiva Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov.
(Figs 64–73)
Material examined. Holotype: ♂, The Russian Far East, Primorskiy Kray, 20 km E Ussuriysk, Gornotayezhnoe,
12.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 207 (ZIN).
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the Ectoedemia suberis group. The male is recognized by the fuscous greybrown hindwing with yellowish cream lamellar androconial scales surrounding the yellowish cream hair-pencil.
Male genitalia are characterized by the shape of a large curved valva without the inner margin convex (in the
majority species of the group, the valva is distinctly broad at basal part, with inner marging convex, and narrowed
below the middle). The new species resembles the predominantly Sub-Mediterranean E. caradjai (Groschke) and
the West Mediterranean E. phaeolepis van Nieukerken, A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka and E. coscoja van Nieukerken,
A. Laštuvka & Z. Laštuvka (see van Nieukerken et al. 2010), but E. ortiva differs by its broad aedeagus with
numerous spine-like cornuti and a dark hindwing with a yellowish cream patch of androconia and cream hairpencil (the costal margin of the hindwing is also cream).
Male (Figs 64, 65). Forewing length 2.6 mm; wingspan 5.6 mm (n=1). Head: palpi brownish cream; frontal
tuft orange; collar cream comprising piliform scales; scape yellowish-cream; antenna with 28 segments, shorter
than half forewing length; flagellum brown on upper side and underside. Thorax: dorsum and tegulae grey-brown.
Forewing grey-brown, with distinct bronze lustre, apically speckled with some fuscous brown scales; median
fascia not prominent, grey-white or silver-white (depending on the angle of view); cilia pale brown; underside of
forewing uniformly dark brown. Hindwing broadened at basal half, fuscous or grey-brown on upper side and
underside; hair-pencil not prominent, grey-cream or cream, surrounded by a large patch of yellowish cream
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androconia; costal margin yellowish cream (Fig. 65); cilia dark brown. Legs brown-cream. Abdomen: male
genitalia (Figs 66–73) with capsule just slightly longer (288 mm) than wide (249 mm). Vinculum with two very
short but broad lateral lobes (Fig. 66). Pseuduncus triangular (Fig. 69). Gnathos with long lateral arms and caudal
process (Figs 68, 69). Valva (Fig. 67) slender (58 mm), 178 mm long, curved inwardly, gradually narrowed towards
apex, with pointed apical process; transtilla with prominent sublateral processes (Fig. 66). Aedeagus (Figs 70–73)
broad (124 mm), 284 mm long, with two apical carinae; vesica with numerous spine-like and denticulate cornuti of
different size.
Female. Unknown.
Bionomics. Host-plant unknown; possibly a leaf-miner on Quercus. Adults fly in July (attracted to light).
Distribution. It occurs in dense, mostly deciduous forests of Primorskiy Kray (Fig. 2).
Etymology. This species is named after the region East Asia – the Latin “ortivus” means the eastern (dawn) side.
Ectoedemia species 219
(Figs 74–79)
Material examined. 1♂, RUSSIA (Far East), Primorskiy Kray, 20 km E Ussuriysk, Gornotayezhnoe, 24.vii. 1983,
leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 219 (ZIN).
Diagnosis. This species belongs to the Ectoedemia subbimaculella group. The male is recognized by a
combination of the grey-white fascia of forewing, a weakly developed brownish hair-pencil surrounded by a patch
of whitish androconia, and features of the male genitalia (broad valva, weakly developed central element of
gnathos, very short vinculum).
Male (Fig. 74). Forewing length 2.5 mm; wingspan 5.5 mm (n=1). Head: palpi brownish cream; frontal tuft
orange; collar orange-cream, comprising piliform scales; scape orange-cream; antenna with 35–36 segments,
slightly shorter than half forewing length; flagellum pale brown on upper side, cream to pale brown on underside.
Thorax: dorsum and tegulae pale brown. Forewing pale grey-brown, speckled with dark grey-brown and fuscous
scales, with oblique grey-white median fascia; cilia pale brown; underside uniformly pale brown to dark brown
(depending on angle of view). Hindwing pale grey-brown on upper side and underside; hair-pencil very weakly
developed, comprises a few pale grey-brown to dark brown setae, surrounded by a patch of white or grey-white
androconia; cilia pale grey-brown. Legs pale brown, glossy. Abdomen: male genitalia (Figs 75–79) with capsule
considerably longer (256 mm) than wide (194 mm). Ventral plate of vinculum very short, lateral lobes absent (Figs
76, 77). Pseuduncus triangular (Fig. 77). Gnathos with long narrow lateral arms and weakly developed central
element (no caudal process) (Figs. 76, 77). Valva (Fig. 75) 199 mm long, broadened medially, with strongly
slerotized basal margin and short apical process; transtilla with long slender transverse bar and short slender
sublateral processes. Aedeagus (Figs 78, 79) about 263 mm long (possibly partially everted in figs 78, 79) and
relatively slender (66–77 mm); vesica thickened laterally and with with numerous minute cornuti (Fig. 79).
Female. Unknown.
Bionomics. Host-plant unknown; possibly a leaf-miner on Quercus. Adults fly in July (attracted to light).
Distribution. It occurs in dense, mostly deciduous forests of Primorskiy Kray (Fig. 2).
Remarks. This new species left unnamed because of the poor quality of the material.
Updated checklist of Nepticulidae of East Asia
Dissections of the genitalia of the unidentified Nepticulidae specimens collected in 1974–1990 at various sites of
the southern part of Primorskiy Kray revealed 35 species. Data about the examined material of 33 of these species
and some discussion are incorporated in the checklist below.
In this cheklist, species are listed in chronological order within taxonomic groups following classification of
Puplesis & Diškus (2003). Host-plant and distribution data are compiled from published references (Kuroko 1978,
1982; Kemperman & Wilkinson 1985; van Nieukerken 1985, 1986, 1996; Johansson et al. 1990; Puplesis 1994,
Puplesis & Diškus 2003; van Nieukerken et al. 2004, 2010; Sinev 2008; Hirano 2010; Navickaitė et al. 2011a,
2011b) and our original data.
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FIGURES 1–4. Primary habitats in Primorskiy Kray (East Asia). 1, Quercus dentata wood and grassland, 10 km S Slavyanka,
Ryazanovka; 2, 3, Dense, mostly deciduous forest, 20 km E Ussuriysk, Gornotayezhnoe; 4, map of the region (courtesy of T.
Patterson, USA), showing the collecting localities in Primorskiy Kray, see text (in the list of identified taxa).
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FIGURES 5–8. Male genitalia of Stigmella naturnella (Klimesh), focused from dorsal to respectively more ventral, slide no.
AG 135 (ZIN). Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 9–13. Male genitalia of Stigmella sashai Puplesis. 9, ventral view, slide no. AG 150 (ZIN); 10, same, dorsal view;
11, aedeagus, holotype, slide no. AG 401 (ZIN); 12, ventral view of aedeagus with cornuti, slide no. AG 164 (ZIN); 13, same,
dorsal view. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 14–17. Male genitalia of Stigmella betulicola (Stainton), slide no. AG 213 (ZIN). 14, ventral view; 15, dorsal view;
16, gnathos and apical part of aedeagus; 17, aedeagus. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 18–21. Male genitalia of Stigmella species. 18, S. sakhalinella Puplesis, slide no. AG 263 (ZIN); 19, S. attenuata
Puplesis, slide no. AG 211 (ZIN); 20, same, dorsal view; 21, same, ventral view. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 22–25. Male genitalia of Stigmella cathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, slide no. AG 153 (ZIN). 22, general
view; 23, aedeagus; 24, 25, different focus on genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 26–31. Male genitalia of Stigmella species. 26, S. auricularia Puplesis, Diškus & Juchnevič, general view
(aedeagus removed), slide no. AG 139 (ZIN); 27, same, dorsal view of valva; 28, same, ventral view of valva; 29, S. palionisi
Puplesis, general view, slide no. AG 237 (ZIN); 30, same, dorsal view of valva, slide no. AG 255 (ZIN); 31, same, ventral view
of valva. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 32–36. Male genitalia of Stigmella alisa Puplesis, slide no. AG 167 (ZIN). 32, general view; 33, inner lobes of
valvae; 34, dorsal view; 35, 36, aedeagus, focused from ventral to respectively more dorsal. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 37–40. Male genitalia of Stigmella species. 37, S. dentatae Puplesis, capsule (aedeagus removed), slide no. AG 279
(ZIN); 38, same, aedeagus; 39, S. aladina Puplesis, capsule (aedeagus removed), slide no. AG 172 (ZIN); 40, same, aedeagus.
Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 41–46. Male genitalia of Ectoedemia sivickisi Puplesis. 41, general view, slide no. AG 249 (ZIN); 42, 43, valva,
focused from ventral to respectively more dorsal, slide no. AG 166 (ZIN); 44, same, apical part of genitalia; 45, 46, aedeagus,
focused from ventral to respectively more dorsal, slide no. AG 258 (ZIN). Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 47–50. Male genitalia of Ectoedemia species. 47, E. chasanella Puplesis, ventral view, slide no. AG 267 (ZIN); 48,
same, dorsal view; 49, E. olvina Puplesis, capsule, ventral view (aedeagus removed), slide no. AG 266 (ZIN); 50, same, dorsal
view. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 51–55. Male genitalia of Ectoedemia species. 51, E. olvina Puplesis, valva, holotype, slide no. AG 266 (ZIN); 52,
E. specimen AG 224, valva, gnathos and pseuduncus, slide no. AG 224 (ZIN); 53, same, general view of slide AG 224; 54,
same, aedeagus; 55, same, reconstruction. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 56–59. Male genitalia of Ectoedemia ornatella Puplesis. 56, general view, slide no. AG 235; 57, same, focus on
carinae of aedeagus, slide no. AG 274 (ZIN); 58, 59, same, apical part of genitalia, focused from dorsal to respectively more
ventral. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 60–63. Male genitalia of Nepticulidae species. 60, Ectoedemia picturata Puplesis, general view, slide no. AG 235
(ZIN); 61, E. scoblei Puplesis, capsule (aedeagus removed), slide no. AG 355 (ZIN); 62, Etainia capesella (Puplesis), capsule
(aedeagus removed), slide no. AG 145 (ZIN); 63, same, gnathos and pseuduncus. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 64–68. Ectoedemia ortiva Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype. 64, adult, male; 65, same, underside of forewing.
Scale bar 1 mm; 66, capsule (aedeagus removed), slide no. AG 207 (ZIN); 67, same, valva; 68, same, gnathos and pseuduncus.
Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 69–73. Ectoedemia ortiva Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, slide no. AG 207 (ZIN). 69, gnathos and
pseuduncus; 70, 71, aedeagus, focused from ventral to respectively more dorsal; 72, apical part of aedeagus; 73, same,
reconstruction. Scale bar 100 µm.
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FIGURES 74–79. Ectoedemia species 219, slide no. AG 219 (ZIN). 74, adult, male. Scale bar 1 mm; 75, valva; 76, capsule
(aedeagus removed); 77, same, reconstruction; 78, aedeagus; 79, same, reconstruction. Scale bar 100 µm.
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Genus Stigmella Schrank, 1802
The caesurifasciella group
1. Stigmella caesurifasciella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella caesurifasciella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 38, 39.
Stigmella egregilustrata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 39, 40.
Host-plants. Quercus acuta Thunb., Q. glauca Thunb.
Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu).
The dissona group
2. Stigmella naturnella (Klimesch, 1936)
Nepticula naturnella Klimesch, 1936: 205, 206.
Astigmella dissona Puplesis, 1984a: 112.
Host-plants. Betula pendula Roth. Probably Betula davurica Pall.
Distribution. Predominantly central Europe (including central European Russia) and Russian Far East:
Primorskiy Kray (possibly with a continuous distribution throughout Siberia) (van Nieukerken et al 2004).
Material examined. 2♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 07–12.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 135, 149 (ZIN).
Discussion. Male genitalia of the holotype of Astigmella dissona Puplesis, 1984 (a junior synonym of S.
naturnella) were re-examined in the preceding paper (Stonis & Rocienė 2013: figs 1, 3). However, the additional
material of S. naturnella collected at the same locality as the holotype of Astigmella dissona shows some variation in
the genitalia: rounded capsule, strong lateral scleotization of uncus, more complex but compact cornuti (Figs 5–8).
3. Stigmella mirabella (Puplesis, 1984)
Astigmella mirabella Puplesis, 1984a: 112.
Host-plant. Probably Betula davurica Pall.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
The kurilensis group
4. Stigmella kurilensis Puplesis, 1987
Stigmella kurilensis Puplesis, 1987: 8.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. East Asia: Kuril Islands (Kunashir) and Japan (Hokkaido).
The tiliae group
5. Stigmella sashai Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella sashai Puplesis, 1984b: 594–596.
Stigmella regina Puplesis, 1984b: 596 (new synonymy)
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Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 3♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 07–13.vii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 147, 150, 204
(ZIN); 2♂, ibid., 19.viii–24.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 164, 230 (ZIN).
Discussion. From the study of the holotypes of Stigmella regina and S. sashai and three non-type specimens
listed in the present paper (Figs 9, 10, 12, 13), it is clear that they are conspecific. Cornuti form three groups: 1) a
dense cluster (sometimes divided) of strongly sclerotized spine-like cornuti, 2) loose, weakly slerotized spine-like
cornuti, and 3) minute denticulate cornuti. The vesica in the holotype of S. sashai is partially everted; therefore it
looks somewhat misleading (Fig. 11). Other characters mentioned by Puplesis (1984b) are not consistent when
more material is examined: shape of valvae and uncus are variable; moreover, artefacts of slide-mounting affect the
appearance of these structures. Therefore we synonymize Stigmella regina here.
The betulicola group
6. Stigmella betulicola (Stainton, 1856)
Nepticula betulicola Stainton, 1856: 42.
Host-plants. Betula humilis Schrank, B. nana L., B. pendula Roth, B. platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica (Miq.) H.
Hara, B. pubescens Ehrh.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe (from Ireland to north west and central European Russia and
Tatarstan); recorded from the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) and China to Japan (Honshu) (possibly with a
continuous distribution throughout Siberia).
Material examined. 1♂, Kamenushka, 03.vii.1990, leg. Zakharov, gen. slide no. AG 213 (ZIN).
Discussion. In East Asia this species formerly was recorded only from Japan (Kemperman & Wilkinson 1985).
However, a single specimen collected in Kamenushka (Ussuriysk District, Primorskiy Kray) confirms its
occurrence on continental East Asia (Figs 14–17) (new record).
7. Stigmella luteella (Stainton, 1857)
Nepticula luteella Stainton, 1857: 110, 111.
Host-plants. Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh., occasionally B. nana L.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe (from Ireland and Italy to northwestern and central European
Russia). Known in Asia: Kazakhstan and The Russian Far East (Sakhalin) (possibly with a continuous distribution
throughout Siberia) (van Nieukerken et al. 2004).
8. Stigmella sakhalinella Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella sakhalinella Puplesis, 1984: 115, 116.
Stigmella discidia Schoorl & Wilkinson, 1986: 237, 238.
Host-plants. Betula manshurica (Regel) Nakai, B. pendula Roth, B. platyphylla Sukaczev, B. pubescens Ehrh., B.
utilis D. Don.; possibly other Betula spp. (in East Asia).
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in western and eastern Europe. Known from the Caucasus and eastern
Asia: the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray and Sakhalin).
Material examined. 2♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 05.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 263, 264 (ZIN).
Discussion. The apical cornuti of the aedeagus of S. sakhalinella are partially broken in the neotype (see the
preceding paper, Stonis & Rocienė 2013: figs 17, 19). Therefore, we confirm morphological details of the male
genitalia based on non-type material collected at the same locality as the neotype (Figs 18, 19).
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9. Stigmella attenuata Puplesis 1985
Stigmella attenuata Puplesis 1985: 62.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♂, Ryazanovka, 05.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 211 (ZIN).
Discussion. The valvae are partially broken in the holotype of S. attenuata (see the preceding paper, Stonis &
Rocienė 2013: figs 20, 21). Therefore, we confirm morphological details of the male genitalia based on non-type
material collected at the same locality as the holotype (Figs 20, 21).
10. Stigmella cathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella cathepostis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 10, 11.
Host-plant. Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) (new record) and Japan (Kyushu).
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 07.vii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 153 (ZIN); 1♂,
Ryazanovka, 09.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 189 (ZIN).
Discussion. This species was previously known only from Kyushu, Japan (Kemperman & Wilkinson 1985).
However, two specimens collected in Gornotayezhnoe (20 km E Ussuriysk) and Ryazanovka (Khasan District)
confirm the occurrence (and possibly a wide distribution) of S. cathepostis in Primorskiy Kray and continental East
Asia (Figs 22–25) (new record).
11. Stigmella conchyliata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella conchyliata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 11, 12.
Host-plant. Alnus sp.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
12. Stigmella oplismeniella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella oplismeniella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 12, 13.
Host-plant. Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
13. Stigmella populnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella populnea Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 13, 14.
Host-plant. Populus nigra L.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.
14. Stigmella titivillitia Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella titivillitia Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 14, 15.
Host-plants. Alnus hirsuta Turcz., A. japonica (Thunb.) Steud.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.
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The ultima group
15. Stigmella ultima Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella ultima Puplesis, 1984a: 117.
Host-plants. Acer mono Maxim., A. platanoides L.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) and probably northeastern China.
Material examined. 1♀, Gornotayezhnoe, 19.viii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 151 (ZIN).
16. Stigmella tegmentosella Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella tegmentosella Puplesis, 1984a: 117.
Host-plant. Acer tegmentosum Maxim.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) and probably northeastern China.
17. Stigmella monella Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella monella Puplesis, 1984a: 117, 118.
Stigmella japonica Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 20, 21.
Host-plants. Acer crataegifolium Siebold et Zucc., A. mono Maxim.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), Japan (Hokkaido) and probably northeastern China.
18. Stigmella kozlovi Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella kozlovi Puplesis, 1984a: 118, 119.
Host-plant. Betula davurica Pall.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 12.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 136 (ZIN).
19. Stigmella orientalis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella orientalis Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 21, 22.
Host-plant. Acer sp.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
The oxyacanthella group
20. Stigmella nostrata Puplesis, 1984a: 113, 114.
Host-plant. Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
21. Stigmella aurora Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella aurora Puplesis, 1984a: 119.
Host-plants. Crataegus spp. (incl. C. maximowiczii C. K. Schneid., C. pinnatifida Bunge).
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Distribution. Palaearctic. From easternmost Europe (the southern Ural Mts) and the eastern Caucasus to
Siberia (Baykal and Buryatiya) and the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray).
22. Stigmella micromelis Puplesis, 1985
Stigmella micromelis Puplesis, 1985: 59, 60.
Host-plant. Micromeles alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) Koehne.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
23. Stigmella crataegivora Puplesis, 1985
Stigmella crataegivora Puplesis, 1985: 60–62.
Host-plants. Crataegus maximowiczii C. K. Schneid., C. pinnatifida Bunge.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
24. Stigmella alaurulenta Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella alaurulenta Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 23.
Host-plant. Malus toringo Siebold.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu.
25. Stigmella chaenomelae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella chaenomelae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 23, 24.
Host-plant. Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu.
26. Stigmella honshui Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella honshui Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 24, 25.
Host-plant. Malus domestica Borkh.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu.
27. Stigmella sorbivora Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella sorbivora Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 25, 26.
Host-plant. Sorbus japonica (Decne.) Hedl.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
28. Stigmella zumii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella zumii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 26, 27.
Host-plant. Malus toringo Siebold.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu.
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The anomalella group
29. Stigmella anomalella (Göze, 1783)
Phalaena (Tinea) anomalella Göze, 1783: 168.
Nepticula aeneella Heinemann, 1862: 254, 255.
Nepticula fletcheri Tutt, 1899: 211–213.
Nepticula zermattensis Weber, 1936: 668.
Host-plants. Rosa spp. (incl. R. canina L., R. pendulina L., R. pimpinellifolia L.), Sanguisorba spp. (incl. S.
officinalis L., S. minor Scop.), Potentilla caulescens L.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe; also known from the Canary Islands. In Asia recorded in
Kazakhstan and the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray).
The malella group
30. Stigmella taigae Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella taigae Puplesis, 1984a: 112, 113.
Host-plant. Rhamnus sp.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
31. Stigmella kurotsubarai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella kurotsubarai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 15, 16.
Host-plant. Rhamnus davurica Pall. var. nipponica (Makino) Kartesz & Gandhi.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu.
The ulmivora group
32. Stigmella palionisi Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella palionisi Puplesis, 1984b: 596.
Host-plant. Probably Ulmus sp.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 2♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 12.vii–08.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 237, 255
(ZIN).
33. Stigmella amuriella Puplesis, 1985
Stigmella amuriella Puplesis, 1985: 62.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
34. Stigmella alisa Puplesis 1985
Stigmella alisa Puplesis 1985: 63.
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Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 12.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 167 (ZIN).
Discussion. The genital capsule of S. alisa is disarticulated in the holotype (see the preceding paper, Stonis &
Rocienė 2013: figs 60–64). Therefore, we provide additional photographic documentation of the male genitalia of
S. alisa based on non-type material but collected at the same locality as the holotype (Figs 32–36).
35. Stigmella nakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella nakamurai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 16–18.
Host-plant. Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.
36. Stigmella nireae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella nireae Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 18, 19.
Host-plant. Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.
37. Stigmella auricularia Puplesis, Diškus & Juchnevič, 2003
Stigmella auricularia Puplesis, Diškus & Juchnevič, 2003: 245, 246.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 4♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 12.vii–08.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 139, 225,
228, 254 (ZIN).
Discussion. Our previous study of the holotypes of S. auricularia and S. palionisi (see the preceding paper,
Stonis & Rocienė 2013: figs 65–75) and the present study of seven non-type specimens of S. auricularia and S.
palionisi collected in Gornotayezhnoe (20 km E Ussuriysk) confirm the concept of two separate species. In
addition to the characters mentioned by Puplesis (1984b) and Puplesis & Diškus (2003), the vinculum has large
triangular lobes in S. auricularia (Figs 26–28) but very tiny ones in S. palionisi (Figs 29–31).
The salicis group
38. Stigmella assimilella (Zeller, 1848)
Nepticula assimilella Zeller, 1848: 327, 328.
Host-plants. Populus alba L., P. x canescens (Aiton) Sm., P. tremula L.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe; also known from the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray)
(possibly with a continuous distribution throughout Siberia) (van Nieukerken et al 2004).
39. Stigmella salicis (Stainton, 1854)
Nepticula salicis Stainton, 1854: 302.
Stigmella vittata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 28–30 (see Discussion).
Host-plants. Salix spp., occasionally on Myrica gale L.
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Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe; also known from the Caucasus and Japan (Honshu and
Kyushu) (expected with a continuous distribution throughout Siberia).
Discussion. According to van Nieukerken et al. (2012) S. salicis in fact is a complex of species. Possibly S.
vittata is a good species after all (van Nieukerken, pers. comm.).
40. Stigmella obliquella (Heinemann, 1862)
Nepticula obliquella Heinemann, 1862: 316, 317.
Host-plants. Salix alba L., S. amygdalina L., S. babylonica L., S. fragilis L., S. pentandra L., S. triandra L., S.
viminalis L.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe (from Spain and Ireland to central and southern European
Rusia). Recently recorded in the Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray (Puplesis & Diškus 2003).
41. Stigmella tranocrossa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella tranocrossa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 27, 28.
Stigmella ussurica Puplesis, 1987: 8.
Host-plant. Populus nigra L.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), Japan (Hokkaido).
42. Stigmella azusa Hirano, 2010
Stigmella azusa Hirano, 2010: 134.
Host-plant. Salix serissaefolia Kimura.
Distribution. Japan (Honshu).
The marginicolella group
43. Stigmella continuella (Stainton, 1856)
Nepticula continuella Stainton, 1856: 42, 43.
Stigmella uigurica Puplesis, 1985: 62, 63.
Host-plants. Betula spp. (incl. B. nana L., B. pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.).
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe. Occurs in the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) (possibly
with a continuous distribution throughout Siberia) (van Nieukerken et al 2004).
44. Stigmella gimmonella (Matsumura, 1931)
Nepticula gimmonella Matsumura, 1931: 1114.
Host-plants. Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. japonica (Rehder) Nakai, U. laciniata (Trautv.) Mayr.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), Japan (Hokkaido).
45. Stigmella zelkoviella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella zelkoviella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 46, 47.
Host-plant. Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
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The aurella group
46. Stigmella lediella (Schleich, 1867)
Nepticula lediella Schleich, 1867: 449–451.
Stigmella magica Puplesis, 1985: 63–65.
Stigmella rhododendri Puplesis, 1985: 65.
Host-plants. Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja (syn. Ledum palustre L.), Rh. mucronulatum Turcz., Rh.
schlippenbachii Maxim.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Known in Europe (from Germany and Finland to Lithuania, Slovakia and Czech Rep.
Recorded in the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) (expected with a continuous distribution throughout Siberia).
47. Stigmella palmatae Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella palmatae Puplesis, 1984a: 115.
Host-plant. Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
48. Stigmella acrochaetia Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella acrochaetia Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 31.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.
49. Stigmella alikurokoi Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella alikurokoi Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 31–33.
Host-plants. Rubus buergeri Miq., R. palmatus Thunb. var. coptophyllus (A. Gray) Kuntze, R. phoenicolasius Maxim.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
50. Stigmella ichigoiella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella ichigoiella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 35, 36.
Host-plant. Rubus buergeri Miq.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
51. Stigmella sesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella sesplicata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 36, 37.
Host-plant. Rhododendron sp.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
52. Stigmella spiculifera Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella spiculifera Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 37.
Host-plants. Rubus hirsutus Thunb., R. palmatus Thunb.
Distribution. Japan: Kyushu.
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53. Stigmella oa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella oa Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 52, 53.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu.
The hemargyrella group
54. Stigmella monticulella Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella monticulella Puplesis, 1984a: 114.
Host-plant. Lonicera maximowiczii (Rupr.) Regel.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
The ruficapitella group
55. Stigmella dentatae Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella dentatae Puplesis, 1984a: 114, 115.
Stigmella pulla Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 43, 44.
Host-plants. Quercus dentata Thunb., Q. mongolica Fisch. et Turcz., Q. mongolica Fisch. et Turcz. var.
grosseserrata (Blume) Rehder & Wils.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), China (Heilongjiang), Japan (Hokkaido).
Material examined. 5♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 07.vii–27.viii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 152, 193,
194, 195, 197 (ZIN); 5♂, 30.vii–08.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 233, 232, 244, 248, 259 (ZIN);
37♂, Andreevka evn., 13–29.vii.1985, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 215, 268, 273, 275, 277, 278, 279,
280, 283, 289, 290, 291, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 309, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 318, 319, 320, 339, 322, 346,
349, 350, 140, 341, 358, 360, 361 (ZIN).
Discussion. The genital capsule of S. dentatae is slightly flattened in the holotype (see the preceding paper,
Stonis & Rocienė 2013: figs 94, 95). Therefore, we provide additional photographic documentation of the male
genitalia of S. dentatae based on non-type material but collected at the same locality as the holotype (Figs 37, 38).
56. Stigmella aladina Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella aladina Puplesis, 1984a: 115.
Stigmella quercifaga Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 44, 45.
Host-plants. Quercus acutissima Carruth., Q. mongolica Fisch. et Turcz., Q. serrata Murray.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), China (Heilongjiang), South Korea and Japan
(Kyushu).
Material examined. 6♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 24.viii–27.viii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 186, 188,
196, 198, 200, 201 (ZIN); 1♂, ibid., 13.vi.1982, leg. M. V. Kozlov, gen. slide no. AG 210; 7♂, Gornotayezhnoe,
24.vii–19.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 133, 179, 181, 182, 184, 185, 266 (ZIN). 3♂, Barabash
Levada, 07–09.viii.1989, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 172, 173, 178 (ZIN).
Discussion. The genital capsule of S. aladina is flattened in the holotype (see the preceding paper, Stonis &
Rocienė 2013: figs 98–101). Therefore, we provide additional photographic documentation of the male genitalia of
S. aladina based on non-type material (Figs 39, 40).
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57. Stigmella omelkoi Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella omelkoi Puplesis, 1984b: 593.
Stigmella kumatai Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 50–51.
Host-plants. Quercus mongolica Fisch. et Turcz., Q. mongolica Fisch. et Turcz. var. grosseserrata (Blume) Rehder
& Wils., Q. serrata Murray.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), China (Heilongjiang), Japan (Hokkaido).
Material examined. 3♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 07.vii–17.viii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 142, 143,
205 (ZIN); 2♂, 1♀, ibid., 21.vii–19.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 163, 183, 231 (ZIN); 7♂,
Andreevka evn., 21–28.vii.1985, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 276, 307, 317, 323, 325, 337, 345 (ZIN).
58. Stigmella fervida Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella fervida Puplesis, 1984b: 593, 594.
Host-plant. Quercus mongolica Fisch. et Turcz.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), China (Heilongjiang).
Material examined. 1♂, Kedrovaya Pad, 03.vii.1974, leg. Ermolaev, gen. slide no. AG 212 (ZIN); 1♂,
Gornotayezhnoe, 24.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 225 (ZIN).
59. Stigmella fumida Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella fumida Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 42, 43.
Stigmella chrysopterella Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 48.
Stigmella kurii Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 51, 52.
Host-plants. Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc., Quercus acutissima Carruth., Q. variabilis Blume.
Distribution. China (Yunnan), Korea, Japan (Kyushu, Tsushima).
60. Stigmella clisiotophora Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985
Stigmella clisiotophora Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 48, 49.
Host-plant. Quercus variabilis Blume.
Distribution. Japan (Tsushima); probably also in China.
61. Stigmella crenatiella Hirano, 2010
Stigmella crenatiella Hirano, 2010: 133.
Host-plant. Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.
Distribution. Japan (Honshu).
62. Stigmella azuminoensis Hirano, 2010.
Stigmella azuminoensis Hirano, 2010: 133.
Host-plants. Quercus serrata Thunb., Q. denata Thunb., Q. acutissima Carruth.
Distribution. Japan (Honshu).
63. Stigmella hisakoae Hirano, 2010
Stigmella hisakoae Hirano, 2010: 133,134.
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Host-plant. Quercus serrata Thumb.
Distribution. Japan (Honshu).
The castanopsiella group
64. Stigmella castanopsiella (Kuroko, 1978)
Nepticula castanopsiella Kuroko, 1978: 1–4.
Host-plant. Castanopsis cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky var. sieboldii (Makino) Nakai.
Distribution. Japan (Honshu and Kyushu); probably also in China.
65. Stigmella kurokoi Puplesis, 1984
Stigmella kurokoi Puplesis, 1984b: 594.
Stigmella valvaurigemmata Kemperman & Wilkinson, 1985: 45, 46.
Host-plants. Quercus spp. (incl. Q. dentata Thunb.).
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), Japan (Kyushu, Hokkaido); probably also in China.
Genus Bohemannia Stainton, 1859
The quadrimaculella group
66. Bohemannia manschurella Puplesis, 1984
Bohemannia manschurella Puplesis, 1984b: 587.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. Primorskiy Kray, Sakhalin, Kunashir (Kuril Islands); probably also in Hokkaido (Japan).
Material examined. 2♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 24 – 30.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 242, 243 (ZIN).
1♂, Andreevka env., 18.vii.1985, leg. S. Yu. Sinev, gen. slide no. AG 253 (ZIN).
67. Bohemannia ussuriella Puplesis, 1984
Bohemannia ussuriella Puplesis, 1984b: 588.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 06.vii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 187 (ZIN); 2♂, ibid.,
08–31.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 217, 247 (ZIN); 2♂, ibid.,13–22.vii.1985, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva,
gen. slide nos AG 269, 284 (ZIN); 7♂, Andreevka evn., 24–29.vii.1985, leg. S.V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG
286, 289, 331, 332, 333, 336, 352 (ZIN).
68. Bohemannia suiphunella Puplesis, 1984
Bohemannia suiphunella Puplesis, 1984b: 588.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
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69. Bohemannia nubila Puplesis, 1985
Bohemannia nubila Puplesis, 1985: 69–71.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), Kuril Islands (Kunashir) and Korea.
Material examined. 4♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 06.vii–24.viii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 160, 191,
192, 199 (ZIN); 4♂, ibid., 12–31.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 137, 222, 245, 261 (ZIN); 2♂, ibid.,
06–11.viii.1978, leg. S.V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 168, 174 (ZIN); 6♂, Andreevka env., 22–27.vii.1985, leg.
S.V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 285, 293, 306, 308, 327, 329 (ZIN).
70. Bohemmania nipponicella Hirano, 2010
Bohemmania nipponicella Hirano, 2010: 134.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. Japan (Honshu).
The pulverosella group
71. Bohemannia piotra Puplesis, 1984
Bohemannia piotra Puplesis, 1984b: 586, 587.
Host-plant. Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Genus Ectoedemia Busck, 1907
Subgenus Zimmermannia Hering, 1940
72. Ectoedemia amani Svensson, 1966
Ectoedemia amani Svensson, 1966: 200, 201, fig. 34, pl. 4, fig. 3.
Ectoedemia emendata Puplesis, 1985: 69.
Host-plants. Ulmus spp.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in Europe (from Great Britain and Norway to Italy and Ukraine (the
Crimea). In Asia known from the Caucasus (Azerbaijan: Lenkoran), the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), Kuril
Islands (Kunashir) (Puplesis 1994), China (Heilongjiang) and Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu) (van Nieukerken et al
2010).
Material examined. 2♂, Gornotayezhnoe,21–31.vii.1978, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 170, 175,
220 (ZIN); 5♂, ibid., 24.vii–08.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 238, 239, 252, 141, 190 (ZIN); 5♂,
Andreevka env., 25–28.vii.1985, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 300, 304, 342, 348, 351 (ZIN); 1♂,
Gornotayezhnoe, 02.viii.1988, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 241 (ZIN); 1♂, Barabash Levada, 03.viii.1989,
leg. S.V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide no. AG 176 (ZIN).
73. Ectoedemia admiranda Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia admiranda Puplesis, 1984b: 588, 590.
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Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 6♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 7.vii–27.viii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 154, 155, 156,
157, 158, 159, 202 (ZIN); 4♂, ibid., 12.vii–19.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 134, 180, 162, 202
(ZIN).
74. Ectoedemia sivickisi Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia sivickisi Puplesis, 1984b: 590.
Ectoedemia laura Puplesis, 1985: 68, 69 (new synonymy).
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 16.vii.1978, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide no. AG 169 (ZIN); 3♂,
ibid.,08–19.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 166, 249, 258 (ZIN); 1♂, ibid., 26.vii.1985, leg. S. V.
Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 305 (ZIN); 1♂, Kamenushka, 03.vii.1990, leg. S. Zakharov, gen. slide no. AG 146
(ZIN).
Discussion. Based on the examination of the holotypes of Ectoedemia laura and E. sivickisi (Stonis & Rocienė
2013) and six non-type specimens listed in the present paper (Figs 41–46), it is clear that they are conspecific. The
characters of E. laura mentioned by Puplesis (1985) are not consistent when more material is examined: shape of
valvae and uncus varies slightly; moreover, artefacts of slide-mounting influence the appearance of these
structures. Therefore we synonymize E. laura here.
Subgenus Ectoedemia Busck, 1907
The populella group
75. Ectoedemia argyropeza (Zeller, 1839)
Lyonetia argyropeza Zeller, 1839: 215.
Host-plants. Populus alba L., P. grandidentata Michx., P. tremula L., P. tremuloides Michx.
Distribution. Whidespread in Europe (from Ireland and Finland to Italy, Greece and central European Russia);
in North America known from Canada (Ontario and Quebec). Also recorded from northeastern China (van
Nieukerken & Liu 2000), possibly as an introduction (van Nieukerken 2010).
76. Ectoedemia intimella (Zeller, 1848)
Nepticula intimella Zeller, 1848: 323.
Host-plants. Salix caprea L., S. cinerea L., S. dasyclados Wimm., S. fragilis L., S. pentandra L., S. phylicifolia L.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Widespread in most of Europe. Known from eastern Asia: the Russian Far East
(Sakhalin) and Japan (expected with a continuous distribution throughout Siberia).
77. Ectoedemia hannoverella (Glitz, 1872)
Nepticula hannoverella Glitz, 1872: 25, 26.
Host-plants. Populus x canadensis Moench, P. deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall, P. nigra L.
Distribution. Predominantly Europe. Also known from southern Siberia: Novosibirsk (Russia) and
northeastern China (possibly with a continuous distribution throughout Siberia).
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78. Ectoedemia arisi Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia arisi Puplesis, 1984a: 120–122.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 28.vii.1980, leg. M. M. Omelko, gen. slide no. AG 260 (ZIN); 2♂,
ibid., 31.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 218, 233 (ZIN); 1♂, Zanadvorovka env., 04.vii.1984, leg. M.
M. Omelko, gen. slide no. AG 209 (ZIN); 1♂, Andreevka env., 29.vii.1985., leg. S.V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide no. AG
354 (ZIN); 1♂, Kamenushka, 03.vii.1990, leg. Zakharov, gen. slide no. AG 214 (ZIN).
79. Ectoedemia christopheri Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia wilkinsoni Puplesis, 1984a: 122 (preoccupied by Scoble, 1983).
Ectoedemia christopheri Puplesis, 198
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 4♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 24.vii–08.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 227, 234,
250, 256 (ZIN); 2♂, Andreevka env., 27–29.vii.1985, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 326, 357 (ZIN).
80. Ectoedemia philipi Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia philipi Puplesis, 1984b: 590, 592.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
The preisseckeri group
81. Ectoedemia preisseckeri (Klimesch, 1941)
Nepticula preisseckeri Klimesch, 1941: 162–168, pl. 16, figs 1–4.
Host-plants. Ulmus laevis Pall., U. minor Mill.
Distribution. Known locally from Europe (Italy, Slovakia, Czech Rep., Austria, Hungary, Greece, Bulgaria).
Also known from the Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray, recently recorded and figured in Puplesis & Diškus 2003)
and northeastern China (van Nieukerken et al. 2010).
The suberis group
82. Ectoedemia chasanella Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia chasanella Puplesis, 1984a: 124.
Host-plants. Probably Quercus dentata Thunb., Q. mongolica Fisch. et Turcz.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 4♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 13–29.vii.1985, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 267, 282,
310, 343 (ZIN).
Discussion. We provide the first photographic documentation of the male genitalia of E. chasanella based on
non-type material (Figs 47, 48).
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83. Ectoedemia ortiva Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov. (described above)
Host-plant. Probably Quercus.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
The subbimaculella group
84. Ectoedemia scoblei Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia scoblei Puplesis, 1984a: 122.
Host-plant. Probably Juglans mandshurica Maxim.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) and Japan.
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 19.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 165 (ZIN); 3♂,
Andreevka env., 24–27.vii.1985, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 355, 301, 292 (ZIN).
Discussion. We provide the first photographic documentation of the male genitalia of E. scoblei based on nontype material (Fig. 61). Difference between the non-type specimen (slide no. AG 355, Fig. 61) and the holotype
(see the preceding paper, Stonis & Rocienė 2013: figs 169–172) are likely the result of slide-mounting of the
genitalia.
85. Ectoedemia aligera Puplesis, 1985
Ectoedemia aligera Puplesis, 1985: 67, 68.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
86. Ectoedemia ermolaevi Puplesis, 1985
Ectoedemia ermolaevi Puplesis, 1985: 68.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
87. Ectoedemia maculata Puplesis, 1987
Ectoedemia maculata Puplesis, 1987: 11, 12.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
88. Ectoedemia cerviparadisicola Sato, 2012
Ectoedemia cerviparadisicola Sato, 2012: 572–581, in Shinozaki et al 2012.
Host-plant. Quercus gilva Blume.
Distribution. Japan (central).
89. Ectoedemia species 219 (described above)
Host-plant. Possibly Quercus.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
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The ornatella group
90. Ectoedemia olvina Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia olvina Puplesis, 1984a: 119, 120.
Host-plant. Acer mono Maxim.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), Kuril Islands (Kunashir), Japan.
Material examined. 2♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 24–30.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 226, and AG 224; see
Discussion (ZIN).
Discussion. We provide the first photographic documentation of the male genitalia of E. olvina based on nontype material (Figs 49, 50). Although similar in to E. olvina, the male genitalia of the specimen 224 (Figs 52–55)
differ from other non-type specimens of E. olvina (Figs. 49, 50) and the holotype (Fig. 51), particularly in the short,
strongly papillated apical process of the valva (Fig. 52).
91. Ectoedemia ornatella Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia ornatella Puplesis, 1984a: 120.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 12.vii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 138 (ZIN); 1♂, ibid.,
28.vii.1984, leg. S.V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide no. AG 171 (ZIN); 8 ♂, Andreevka env., 21–29.vii.1985, leg. S. V.
Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 271, 274, 281, 298, 334, 335, 338, 347 (ZIN).
Discussion. The genital capsule of the holotype of E. ornatella is partially disarticulated, with the gnathos
turned anteriorly (see the preceding paper, Stonis & Rocienė 2013: figs 186, 187). Therefore, we provide additional
photographic documentation of the male genitalia of the species based on non-type material from the new locality:
Andreevka, Khasan District (Figs 56–59) (new record).
92. Ectoedemia ivinskisi Puplesis, 1984a
Ectoedemia ivinskisi Puplesis, 1984: 120.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 3♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 06.vii–08–13.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 148, 208,
251 (ZIN); 6♂, ibid., 24.vii–24.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide nos AG 229, 236, 240, 246, 257, 265 (ZIN);
1♂, ibid., 13.vii.1985, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide no. AG 270 (ZIN); 22♂, Andreevka env., 21–29.vii.1985,
leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide nos AG 272, 288, 302, 321, 324, 328, 330, 340, 344, 353, 356, 359 (ZIN); 2 ♂,
Kamenushka, 08–11.vii.1990, leg. P. Ya. Ustyuzhanin, gen. slide nos AG 144, 216 (ZIN).
The angulifasciella group
93. Ectoedemia pilosae Puplesis, 1984
Ectoedemia pilosae Puplesis, 1984a: 123, 124.
Host-plant. Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) and Japan (Hokkaido).
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94. Ectoedemia picturata Puplesis, 1985
Ectoedemia picturata Puplesis, 1985: 65, 67.
Host-plants. Rosa davurica Pall., R. rugosa Thunb.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) and China (van Nieukerken & Liu 2000).
Material examined. 1♂, Gornotayezhnoe, 20.vii.1982, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 235 (ZIN).
Discussion. The genital capsule of the holotype of E. picturata is disarticulated and partially broken (see the
preceding paper, Stonis & Rocienė 2013: figs 193, 194). Therefore, we provide additional photographic
documentation of male genitalia of the species based on non-type material (Fig. 60) collected in the same locality
as the holotype.
The occultella group
95. Ectoedemia occultella (Linnaeus, 1767)
Phalaena (Tinea) occultella Linnaeus, 1767: 899.
Tinea mediofasciella Haworth, 1828: 584.
Nepticula lindquisti Freeman, 1962: 522, 523.
Host-plants. Betula spp. (incl. B. alleghaniensis Britton, B. nana L., B. papyrifera Marshall, B. pendula Roth, B.
pubescens Ehrh.), occasionally Salix pentandra L.
Distribution. Widespread in Europe; known from the Russian Far East (Sakhalin), Japan, and North America
(Canada: Ontario and USA: Maine).
Species not attributed to a group
96. Ectoedemia sinevi Puplesis, 1985
Ectoedemia sinevi Puplesis, 1985: 67.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
97. Ectoedemia insularis Puplesis, 1985
Ectoedemia insularis Puplesis, 1985: 68.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Sakhalin.
Genus Fomoria Beirne, 1945
The weaveri group
98. Fomoria weaveri (Stainton, 1855)
Nepticula weaveri Stainton, 1855: 49, 50, pl. 1, fig. 5.
Host-plant. Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.
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Distribution. Palaearctic boreal; known from Europe to eastern Russia (Baikal, Buryatiya, Yakutiya, Chita,
Magadan) and Japan (Hokkaido).
99. Fomoria hypericifolia Kuroko, 1982
Fomoria hypericifolia Kuroko, 1982: 448.
Host-plants. Hypericum attenuatum Choisy, H. erectum Thunb., H. gebleri Ledeb.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray), northeastern China and Japan.
Species not attributed to a group
100. Fomoria permira Puplesis, 1984
Fomoria permira Puplesis, 1984b: 592, 593.
Host-plant. Hypericum attenuatum Choisy.
Distribution. The Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) and northeastern China.
Genus Etainia Beirne, 1945
The sericopeza group
101. Etainia trifasciata (Matsumura, 1931)
Nepticula trifasciata Matsumura, 1931: 1114.
Host-plant. Unknown.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido.
102. Etainia capesella (Puplesis, 1985)
Obrussa capesella Puplesis, 1985 in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 39, 40.
Host-plant. Probably Acer sp.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♂, Kamenushka, 03.vii.1990, leg. Zakharov, gen. slide no. AG 145 (ZIN).
Discussion. The uncus and gnathos are barely visible in the holotype of E. capesella (see the preceding paper,
Stonis & Rocienė 2013: figs 223–224). Therefore, we provide additional photographic documentation of the male
genitalia of E. capesella based on a non-type specimen (Figs. 62, 63) collected at a slightly different locality from
the holotype: Kamenushka, Ussuriysk District.
103. Etainia tigrinella (Puplesis, 1985)
Obrussa tigrinella Puplesis, 1985 in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 40, 41.
Host-plant. Probably Acer sp.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♂, Barabash Levada, 10.viii.1989, leg. S. V. Seksyaeva, gen. slide no. AG 177 (ZIN).
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104. Etainia peterseni (Puplesis, 1985)
Obrussa peterseni Puplesis, 1985 in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 41–43.
Host-plant. Probably Acer sp.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Material examined. 1♀, Kedrovaya Pad, 26.vii.1974, leg. Ermolaev, gen. slide no. AG 262 (ZIN); 1♂,
Gornotayezhnoe, 02.viii.1983, leg. R. Puplesis, gen. slide no. AG 221 (ZIN).
105. Etainia sabina (Puplesis, 1985)
Obrussa sabina Puplesis, 1985 in Puplesis & Ivinskis, 1985: 43, 44.
Host-plant. Probably Acer sp.
Distribution. The Russian Far East: Primorskiy Kray.
Discussion
According to van Nieukerken et al. (2010) Ectoedemia spiraeae Gregor & Povolný, 1983 possibly occurs in Japan
and China. This species was described from Central Europe; now it is also known from the Altai Mts and
northeastern Siberia (Yakutiya) (van Nieukerken et al. 2010).
Recently five new species were described from southern China: four species by van Nieukerken & Liu 2000
(Stigmella circumargentea, S. kao, S. lithocarpella, S. vandrieli) and one species by van Nieukerken 2008
(Fomoria festivitatis) distributed in Nepal, China and Vietnam. However, all species with the southeastern
distribution were excluded from the current treatment of the Nepticulidae of East Asia.
In total the current checklist of the Nepticulidae of East Asia comprises 105 species. Sixty-seven species occur
in the Russian Far East and 53 in Japan (20 species of which occur both in Japan and Russia). Of the 53 species
currently known from Japan, six species (approximately 11%) also occur in Europe. Eleven species (about 16%)
known from the continental Russian Far East (Primorskiy Kray) have an Euro-East Asiatic distribution.
The checklist of species does not reflect the actual diversity (and distribution) of the Nepticulidae of East Asia,
which is undoubtedly much richer than indicated here. However, further fieldwork in the region is now needed to gauge
the scale of the nepticulid diversity and build on the foundation that we laid with the material from Primorsk Kray.
Acknowledgements
We are thankful to Dr. Sergey Yu. Sinev (Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg)
for providing the material and Prof. Dr. Virginijus Sruoga (Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Vilnius)
for his assistance during the project. We are very grateful to Dr. Erik J. van Nieukerken, Dr. Sergey Yu. Sinev and
one anonymous referee for reviewing this paper and their useful suggestions.
This study was conducted as part of the “New Faunas” project of the Division of Biosystematics Research of
Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences with the support from the Research Foundation of the Research
Council of Lithuania (MIP-049/2011-2012).
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