Sample Injection Technology Status and Perspective Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH
Sample Injection Technology Status and Perspective Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH Sample injection technology — Status and perspective A reasons for sample injection 2 Highest repetition rate in the world Requires fast sample change January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Another reasons for sample injection Lensless imaging Free particles give good prior knowledge January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 3 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Yet another reason for sample injection 1. Many single particle images 2. Classify for orientation 3. Average each class 4. Combine to 3D image 5. reconstruct Need of many samples January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 4 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Serial femtosecond crystallography Chapman, H. N., et al., Nature 470 733 p73 (2011). January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 5 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Gas dynamic virtual nozzle DePonte D. P. et al. J Phys D (2008) January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 6 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Crystal diffraction at AMO/LCLS Chapman, H. N., et al., Nature 470 733 p73 (2011). January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 7 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Environmental scanning electron microscope Imaging jets with ESEM Isopropyl alcohol jet 350nm Dan DePonte, et al. Ultramicroscopy 111 (2011) 824–827 January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 8 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Photosystem I at CXI/LCLS January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 9 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Liquid microjet - summary 10 January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH liquid jet and drops in vacuum bio-samples in watery environment imaging in water window better efficiency compared with aerodynamic lenses High gas load Differential pumping or windows required Scattering at water surfaces Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Aerodynamic lens M. Bogan et al. Phys. Rev. special topics - accelerators and beams 13, 094701 (2010) January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 11 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Aerodynamic lens at AMO/LCLS January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 12 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective State of the art injector for virus particles 13 Based on aerodynamic focusing: W.K. Murphy and G.W. Sears, ―Production of Particulate Beams‖ J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1986–1987 (1964). January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Free Virus particles January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 14 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Image reconstruction January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 15 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Jet or particle beam? 16 Technology Liquid jet Aerodynamic lens Bio-samples in natural environment Stays in solution ++ Slow dry-out + Background in coherent imaging Jet-scattering -- Rest gas O Alignment jet-fluorescence ++ Low sample density - Dry particles Always in solution -- Any aerosol ++ Gas load evaporation & gas -- Evaporation & gas - January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Perspective: Making use of the time structure Repetition Rate FLASH: 10 Hz bunch trains FERMI: 10 Hz LCLS: 120 Hz European XFEL: 10 Hz bunch trains Using the time structure January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 17 Synchronized breakup Drop on demand Pulsing the aerodynamic lens Pulsed source (save sample) Output shutter (reduce gas load) Danger of clogging! Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Advanced injection technologies Storage in an electromagnetic cage Injection Storage Pulsed release Aerosol Science and Technology, 44:316–328, 2010 J. Meinen, S. Khasminskaya, E. Rühl, W. Baumann, and T. Leisner, January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 18 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Conclusion Main sample injection methods are Aerodynamic lens to bring all kinds of aerosol into vacuum Liquid jet and droplet for direct injection Aerodynamic lens successfully used At LCLS and FLASH for coherent imaging of viruses, cells and nanoparticles Liquid jet very productive At LCLS for crystallography on nano-crystals of membrane proteins Future developments could include Pulsed sources and drop on demand Storage and release January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH 19 Sample injection technology — Status and perspective Thanks CFEL CXI-group Henry N. Chapman Anton Barty Dan DePonte Lars Gumprecht Holger Fleckenstein 20 Uppsala University Arizona State University John Spence Uwe Weierstall Bruce Doak January 25th 2012, XFEL Users Meeting Joachim Schulz, European XFEL GmbH Janos Hajdu Bianca Ivan Martin Svenda Tomas Ekeberg Daniel Westphal and others PULSE at SLAC Mike Bogan Christina Hampton Ray Sierra
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