Županova svetilka iz Kolacione
Mayor’s lamp from Colatio
Na južni nekropoli rimske naselbine
Kolaciona/Stari trg pri Slovenj
Gradcu (Slovenija) je bila leta 1911
odkrita zgodnjecesarska grobnica I.
Odkril in delno raziskal jo je notar
dr. Hans Winkler, pri čemer smo v letih 2004 in 2006 uspeli
rekonstruirati celoten inventar te bogate grobnice. Presenetljivo
je bilo odkritje izrezljanih koščenih delov luksuznega kosa
pohištva – mrtvaške postelje (kliné). Grobnica je izjemna tako
po najdbah, poziciji kot veličastni arhitekturi.
Koroški pokrajinski muzej - Županova svetilka iz Kolacione - Avtorica: Saša Djura Jelenko - Oblikovanje: Edi Koraca - Prevod: Saša Radusinović - Lektoriranje: Miroslav Osojnik - Fotografije: Tomo Jeseničnik, Nicolas Lackner - Gradivo: Univerzalni muzej Joanej, Gradec; Koroški pokrajinski muzej Slovenj Gradec, Koroški deželni muzej, Celovec - Slovenj Gradec, maj 2012
Tomb I, which dates back to the Early Empire period, was discovered
at the southern necropolis of the Roman settlement Colatio/Stari trg
near Slovenj Gradec (Slovenia). Although the tomb was excavated by
the notary Dr Hans Winkler as early as 1911, an unfortunate set of
circumstances led to the entire inventory of this splendid tomb to be
reconstructed only in the years 2004 to 2006. The tomb is exceptional
due to its location, magnificent architecture and finds unearthed
there. Carved bone fragments belonging to a luxurious piece of
furniture – a funerary bed (kliné) – are viewed as a surprising find. A
male member of the neighbouring municipium Celeia’s upper class
and two female individuals were buried in the tomb in the second
half of the 1st century AD.
Na sredini kar 250 m2 velike grobne parcele je stala grobnica.
V njej so v drugi polovici 1. stol. po Kr. pokopali moškega
pripadnika mestnega vrhnjega sloja sosednjega municipija
Celeje skupaj z dvema ženskama. Parcela je bila obdana z nizko
ogrado, na katero so bili položeni kamniti polvalji, odkrit je bil
celo mejnik grobne parcele z izklesanimi merami. Način, kako
je bila zgrajena grobnica, italski importirani kosi in noriška
noša kažejo na romanizacijo lastnika groba, po drugi strani pa
na ohranjanje noriško – keltske tradicije ter zakoreninjenost
mestnega plemstva na podeželju.
In the middle of the 250-square-metre grave plot the tomb’s
foundations have been preserved. The plot was enclosed by a low wall
with stone half-cylinders (loricae) placed on it, and even the plot’s
Mrtvaške postelje izdelane
iz izrezljanih koščenih delov
so prišle v provinco Norik po
sredini 1. stol. po Kr. V okviru italskih
pogrebnih običajev so bile v uporabi
do konca 1. stol. po Kr.
Noriški mrtvaški postelji (poleg
Kolacione je bila odkrita še
v Baldersdorfu) iz koščenih
izrezljanih delov, se na podlagi
primerjav iz Italije smatrajo
kot importirani kosi. Še posebej
močne primerjave najdemo v V.
in VI. regiji, kjer so datirane že
v 1. polovico 1. in v sredino
1. stol. po Kr. To kaže na
severnoitalski izvor.
Ostanki koščenih postelj so
v severozahodnih provincah
rimskega cesarstva znani samo iz 28
najdišč, od katerih sta bili samo dve
najdeni v Noriku in to obe v južnem
Noriku. Med njimi so ostanki
postelje iz Kolacione med najbolje
ohranjenimi.
Takšne luksuzne najdbe še
podčrtavajo pomen province, bogate
z rudnimi bogastvi in s tem povezano
izgradnjo avtohtonega višjega sloja.
OBMOČJE SVETIŠČ A
STANOVANJSK I DEL
GROBIŠČE
POZNORIM SK I DEL
N A SEL BIN E
GROBNA PARCELA Z
OBODNIM ZIDOM
1/77
1-8/V
GROBIŠČE
V
1-8/77
III
IV
1-3/I
I
II
VI, VII/04
1/77
GROBNI PARCELI Z OBODNIM ZIDOM IN CENTRALNO
GROBNICO
PLINOVOD
VIII/06
boundary stone with the measurements carved into it has been
discovered. A fragment of a larger marble tombstone with depictions of
a curule seat (sella curulis) and a lictor was discovered by Winkler at the
tomb’s southern outer side. In addition to the tombstone, grave goods
belonging to the male individual include a funerary bed and a
grindstone. All other finds (parts of two belt sets, tweezers, sewing
needle and bracelet) once belonged to the two female individuals
buried in the tomb.
The manner of the tomb’s construction, Italic imported items (amphora,
glass vessels, oil lamp, bed, missing bronze statuette of a dog) and its
monumental architecture point to an early Romanization (of the tomb’s
owner). On the other hand, there are finds (fragments of an iron grill/
grill’s iron base, Noricum-Pannonian female garb) that reveal the
Noricum-Celtic traditions and the local aristocracy’s firm rootedness in the
countryside.
Funerary beds made from carved
bone inlays were introduced into
Noricum province after the middle
of the 1st century AD, and remained
in use until the end of that century as
part of Italic funeral rites. Based on
comparison with items from Italy, the
Noricum funerary beds (in addition
to Colatio, a funerary bed was
discovered in Baldersdorf, Austrian
Carinthia) are considered to be
imported items. Especially strong
links may be found in the V. and VI.
region, where the beds date from the
first half and the middle of the 1st
century AD, which points to a
north Italic origin.
In northwest provinces of the
Roman Empire remnants of beds
made from bone carvings have
only been found at 28 sites, only
two of which are in Noricum (both in
southern Noricum). Remnants of the
Colatio bed are amongst the best
preserved.
These luxury finds reflect the
province’s importance resulting
from its rich mineral resources, which
set a foundation for the formation of an
indigenous upper class.
Nad žganino so v severovzhodnem vogalu
interpretirane grobne hiše ležali ostanki večje
amfore in reliefna oljenka z upodobitvijo
Fortune. Spada v tip Loeschke III in je na
splošno datirana v 1. stol. po Kr. Te dekorativne
zgodnjerimske oljenke z ročaji so uvažali iz
Italije. Reliefne podobe na disku so v provincah
severno od Alp začeli upodabljati predvsem
v tiberijsko - klavdijskem obdobju, oz. do
sredine 1. stol. po Kr.
A fairly large amphora and an oil lamp with a
depiction of Fortuna were preserved in the tomb’s
northeast corner. The oil lamp is a Loeschke III
type and has generally been dated to the 1st century
AD. These decorative early Roman oil lamps with
handles were imported from Italy. In provinces north
of the Alps relief images on disks began to be used
primarily in the Tiberian-Claudian period, i.e. until the
middle of the 1st century AD.