1. home and garden

CHATSWORTH RESIDENTS, WHITE
SUPERMARKETS AND POLICY PREFERENCES:
A POLICY-ORIENTED SAMPLE SURVEY
Lawrence Schlemmner
Diana Haycock
May 1983
Centre f o r Applied Social Sciences
U n i v e r s i t y of Natal
Durban
(1)
CONTENTS
PAGE
SECTION
1
INTRODUCTION
T
2
BRIEF METHODOLOGY
3
3
CHATSWORTH'S URGENT PROBLEMS
4
4
5
6
7
8
APPENDIX
SHOPPING HABITS
6
4.1
Chatsworth versus other areas
7
4.2
Choice of p a r t i c u l a r shopping areas
4.3
C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f the customer
4.4
U n i t o f residence
14
4.5
Frequency of shopping
16
4.6
Reasons f o r shopping a t p a r t i c u l a r areas
16
4.7
P r e v a i l i n g b e l i e f s about the venues
18
4.8
Summary of section 4
19
9
12
ATTITUDES TO WHITE-OWNED SHOPS IN CHATSWORTH
20
5.1
20
Background f e e l i n g
5.2
Main a t t i t u d e to white shops i n Chatsworth
26
5.3
Consequences of having white shops i n Chatsworth
29
5.4
Summary of section 5
34
POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS
35
6.1
Trading r i g h t s i n Chatsworth
35
6.2
Political affiliations
42
OTHER ISSUES
44
7.1
C i t y Council image
44
7.2
Chatsworth's municipal status
45
7.3
The Indian beach
47
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
49
52
3.
1.
INTRODUCTION
The s e t t l e m e n t o f t h e d i f f e r e n t races i n separate "Group Areas"
has always been a c o n t r o v e r s i a l
i s s u e . • This p a t t e r n of s e t t l e m e n t a l s o
r a i s e s p e r p l e x i n g problems as regards the development of the A f r i c a n ,
coloured and Indian group a r e a s .
Because most development c a p i t a l i s i n the hands o f the w h i t e
group, major commercial and i n d u s t r i a l
i n s o - c a l l e d w h i t e group a r e a s .
development tends t o t a k e place
One o f the e f f e c t s o f t h i s i s t o prevent
the " n o n - w h i t e " group areas from a c q u i r i n g t h e k i n d o f tax-base t h a t
would a l l o w them t o become anywhere near s e l f - s u f f i c i e n t i n terras o f
municipal f i n a n c e .
This issue i s p a r t i c u l a r l y r e l e v a n t i n the
light
o f proposals by the c e n t r a l government t h a t major Indian and c o l o u r e d
r e s i d e n t i a l areas should a c q u i r e separate municipal s t a t u s so as t o c r e a t e
the g r e a t e s t p o s s i b l e degree o f homogeneity w i t h i n m u n i c i p a l i t i e s .
1
'
Another i m p l i c a t i o n o f t h e p a t t e r n o f Group Areas i s t h a t very
o f t e n the very l a r g e and popular white-owned d i s c o u n t stores are s i t u a t e d
1n w h i t e areas f a r away from c o l o u r e d and I n d i a n communities, which may
i n v o l v e q u i t e c o n s i d e r a b l e costs f o r shoppers from these communities.
These kinds o f issues have l e d t o a c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e p o s s i b i l i t y
o f w h i t e c a p i t a l being allowed i n t o " n o n - w h i t e " Group Areas.
however, i s f r a u g h t w i t h c o m p l i c a t i o n s .
This
possibility,
For example, the q u e s t i o n may
l e g i t i m a t e l y be asked why w h i t e c a p i t a l should be a l l o w e d t o compete w i t h
I n d i a n and coloured c a p i t a l i n " n o n - w h i t e " areas when i t i s
protected
from c o m p e t i t i o n i n t h e w h i t e areas.
These problems have been considered i n some depth by t h e Durban
C i t y Council i n recent months w i t h p a r t i c u l a r reference t o Chatsworth, a
very l a r g e I n d i a n r e s i d e n t i a l area w i t h i n the m u n i c i p a l i t y o f Durban.
1)
This policy is part and parcel of the recent proposals by the
President*c Council for the development of new constitutional
arrangements as regards the second and third tier, of government.
4.
2.
BRIEF METHODOLOGY
The f o l l o w i n g r e p o r t i s based on information contained i n 449
i n t e r v i e w s w i t h householders i n Chatsworth.
Homes were sampled on a
random b a s i s , proportionate to house and f l a t type w i t h i n neighbourhood
u n i t s , numbers of which'were supplied to us by the C i t y Engineers'
Department.
Heads of households (or where not a v a i l a b l e ,
their
spouses) were interviewed as w e l l as one member from any other
married couple l i v i n g on the same premises, whether f a m i l y or t e n a n t ,
i f available.
Approximately h a l f of the respondents were interviewed
i n December 1982 and h a l f i n January/February 1983.
took place during evenings and weekends.
were white and three were Indian.
Interviewing
Seven o f the ten i n t e r v i e w e r s
Interviewers were c a r e f u l l y b r i e f e d
and t r a i n e d f o r the p r o j e c t .
The i n t e r v i e w schedule (questionnaire) and d e t a i l s of the t a r g e t
and achieved samples may be seen i n the appendix, together w i t h the
representation of the sexes and Dther basic data concerning the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the respondents.
Of p a r t i c u l a r note i s the age d i s t r i b u t i o n .
Because the sample was drawn on a random basis w i t h i n u n i t s , i t
be appreciated t h a t age was an u n c o n t r o l l a b l e v a r i a b l e .
should
The d i s t r i b u t i o n
o f ages t h a t was i n f a c t obtained i s a good approximation of the normal
curve, with the three measures of c e n t r a l tendency f a l l i n g a t approximately
the same p o i n t .
r e l i a b l y obtained.
This achievement suggests t h a t a random sample was
Comnents i n the f o l l o w i n g r e p o r t are based s o l e l y
on observed d i f f e r e n c e s between groups or answers.
5.
From these r e s u l t s i t i s c l e a r t h a t access t o shopping f a c i l i t i e s
i s seen as a key p r i o r i t y f o r improvement by s l i g h t l y less than o n e - f i f t h
of the people.
This does not mean t h a t i t i s unimportant.
The p r o p o r t i o n
has t o be assessed i n the l i g h t of other more urgent problems i n a masshousing e s t a t e .
a l s o possible t h a t the Indian interviewers had the e f f e c t of making
respondents self-conscious about admitting to a preference f o r white
supermarkets.
4.1
Chatsworth versus other areas
An important step i n the i n v e s t i g a t i o n was the e s t a b l i s h i n g o f
the o v e r a l l l o c a l i t y i n which most shopping was done, i . e . whether
i n s i d e or outside of Chatsworth.
The emphasis i n t h i s question was
on "most" shopping (see i n t e r v i e w schedule), the respondent being
l e f t t o decide f o r himself the basis of his judgement.
I t seems t h a t approximately h a l f (48S) o f - a l l
respondents,
whether male or female, shop mainly w i t h i n Chatsworth and h a l f
outside of Chatsworth.
(49!!)
The proportions v a r i e d between i n d i v i d u a l
neighbourhood u n i t s o f Chatsworth, however, there being i n some cases
widely d i v e r g i n g p a t t e r n s .
As may be seen i n Table 2 below, the
most d i s t i n c t i v e p a t t e r n occurs i n Unit 4, Mobeni Heights, which i s
possibly the top u n i t i n terms of social hierarchy and a f f l u e n c e .
Of
these respondents 79 percent claimed t o shop mainly outside of Chatsworth.
TABLE 2.
PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS IN EACH UNIT WHO SHOPPED MAINLY: *
Outside Chatsworth
Unit 4
1
2
7 (and p a r t of 8)
6
11
9 (and p a r t of 8)
10
5
3
*
I
79
65
63
57
57
46
46
43
38
28
Within Chatsworth
%
14
31
37
42
39
54
51
57
60
70
Percentages f o r each u n i t do not necessarily suns to TOOK because
some respondents d i d not know, or gave equal value t o both
localities.
9.
I t would seem a p o s s i b i l i t y worth bearing i n mind t h a t the higher up
the social scale the Chatsworth resident may be, the more he or she
may be i n c l i n e d to shop i n white shops/areas f o r reasons of s t a t u s .
There are, however, a l s o s p e c i f i c material f a c t o r s which
help t o account f o r the p a t t e r n of shopping.
The f a c t t h a t 70 p e r -
cent o f shopping i n Unit 3 occurs i n Chatsworth may be p a r t l y due t o
i t s superior shopping f a c i l i t i e s .
Analysis of responses according t o age suggests t h a t the
youngest age group i s more i n c l i n e d to shop mainly outside than
i n s i d e , while the reverse i s t r u e f o r the oldest age group.
TablelOa i n the appendix.)
(See
This may be p a r t l y d u e ' t o status reasons,
and p a r t l y due t o the f a c t t h a t the younger people are more l i k e l y t o
work near white shopping f a c i l i t i e s .
No d i f f e r e n c e s due t o sex o f respondent were apparent f o r
t h i s question.
4.2
Choice of p a r t i c u l a r shopping areas
Having considered the broad balance i n shopping as between
Chatsworth and other areas, we t u r n t o look a t the extent t o which
p a r t i c u l a r shopping areas are patronised.
the i n t e r v i e w schedule), only r e g u l a r
These areas are contained i n Table 3.
In t h i s context (Q.3 on
usage i s being considered.
From the information i n the ' T o t a l ' column, i t i s apparent
t h a t shops i n the u n i t of residence a t t r a c t the l a r g e s t body of
respondents on a regular basis.
Spontaneous comments by respondents,
both recorded and unrecorded, suggest 'that a large proportion o f t h i s
shopping i s accounted f o r by the buying of the d a i l y n e c e s s i t i e s o f .
break and m i l k , t h i s taking place not necessarily a t established
shops but to a large extent from mobile vans.
t h i s f i g u r e (66:'J
C r o s s - t a b u l a t i o n of
of a l l respondents, i . e . 298 i n number) against
general l o c a l i t y of most food shopping shows t h a t 59 percent of these
respondents claimed t o do most o f t h e i r shopping w i t h i n Chatsworth
itself.
This may be seen i n Appendix Table 10b.
Nevertheless, a
number o f these respondents do also engage i n regular subsidiary
shopping in other areas.
Appendix Table l l ( i )
shows t h a t j u s t under
h a l f (44%) shop r e g u l a r l y a t the central Durban supermarkets;
38 percent shop a t Warwick Avenue market;
that
and t h a t between approx-
imately two and three out of every ten shop a t the Warwick Avenue/
Grey Street o u t l e t s , a t Clairwood and at the Hypermarket or Hyperama.
Those respondents (154 i n number) who claimed to shop r e g u l a r l y
i n other u n i t s of Chatsworth displayed shopping habits s i m i l a r t o those
of the respondents discussed i n the previous paragraph.
Approximately
the same p r o p o r t i o n (585S i n Appendix Table 10b) said t h a t they shopped
mainly w i t h i n Chatsworth, y e t the m a j o r i t y of l i s t e d areas outside
o f Chatsworth were each r e g u l a r l y patronised by between 32 percent
and 45 percent of these respondents,
(Appendix Table
ll(j).)
Focussing now on the shopping areas outside of Chatsworth,
one may note (Table 3) t h a t the two most popular venues - the c e n t r a l
Durban supermarkets and Warwick Avenue market - each r e g u l a r l y a t t r a c t
j u s t over f o u r out of every ten Df a l l the respondents i n t h i s sample,
w h i l e the smaller shops i n the Warwick Avenue/Grey Street area and
the Hyperama and Hypermarket each a t t r a c t roughly three out of every
ten.
I f t h i s f i n d i n g i s generalised to the whole Chatsworth p o p u l a t i o n ,
i t suggests t h a t a s u b s t a n t i a l number of people flow r e g u l a r l y between
Chatsworth and these areas, q u i t e aside from those a d d i t i o n a l people
who patronise these shops i n t e r m i t t e n t l y ,
I t would t h e r e f o r e seem
13.
higher up the respondent on both these scales, the stronger the
a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h t h i s venue.
In other words, upper class respondents
show a marked tendency t o be the ones who patronise these p a r t i c u l a r
shops.
Montclair supermarkets would appear t o appeal to respondents
w i t h some q u a l i t i e s i n common w i t h Hyperama/Hypermarket shoppers, i n
t h a t they a t t r a c t the b e t t e r - o f f and more educated respondent r a t h e r
than the poorest, l e a s t educated people.
A f u r t h e r f e a t u r e of note
concerning shoppers a t Montclair i s t h a t they tend t o be o l d e r rather
than younger, w i t h the greatest concentration o f respondents i n the
35-49 age category.
Customers from t h i s sample are e q u a l l y l i k e l y
to be male or female.
Regular shopping i n the u n i t i n which they l i v e was mentioned
by 66 percent o f a l l respondents, w i t h , p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y , somewhat more
females than males using these shops.
Vounger people rather than
older people tend t o be associated w i t h t h i s p r a c t i c e .
Level of
income d i d not appear to i n f l u e n c e the h a b i t of shopping i n t h e i r
own u n i t but t h i s was associated w i t h a higher l e v e l of education
r a t h e r than a lower.
Compared t o w i t h i n - u n i t shops, shops i n other u n i t s were
said t o be used by roughly h a l f as many respondents (34$).
again, p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y
Here
more females than males were responsible f o r
t h i s r e s u l t , being drawn from any age group.
No c o n s i s t e n t trend
due t o the e f f e c t of education i s apparent, but people w i t h middle
incomes are more s t r o n g l y associated w i t h shopping i n other u n i t s
than are the most or l e a s t w e l l - o f f .
(At t h i s stage i t would be as w e l l t o p o i n t out t h a t , i n a l l
discussions concerning l e v e l of education, i t should be kept i n mind
by the reader t h a t the number of respondents i n the two highest
categories i s very low.
As percentaged answers tend to mislead the
unwary, i t i s suggested t h a t r e l a t i v e rather than absolute value be
placed on answers from these c a t e g o r i e s . )
The p i c t u r e t h a t emerges of the Warwick Avenue market shopper,
then, i s t h a t of a group o f people containing s l i g h t l y more males than
females, whose incomes are probably near the lower end o f the scale,
who may be educated t o any l e v e l , lowest or h i g h e s t , and who probably
l i v e i n a low class area.
The remainder of Table 4 may be examined i n s i m i l a r fashion.
I t may be seen t h a t Jacobs market a t t r a c t s p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y more residents
i n t h i s sample from Unit 4 (the most a f f l u e n t u n i t ) than from other
u n i t s , respondents from Unit 6 (a f a i r l y a f f l u e n t u n i t ) showing l e a s t
s i m i l a r i t y here t o Unit 4 respondents.
Again, p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y more
respondents from Unit 4 patronise the Hyperama/Hypermarket than from
other u n i t s , but i n t h i s case Unit 6 respondents show the g r e a t e s t
s i m i l a r i t y to Unit 4 respondents.
Supermarkets such as the O.K. Bazaars, Pick Ki Pay and Checkers
i n c e n t r a l areas of Durban are patronised p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y the most by
Unit 5 respondents (the u n i t a t the bottom of the scale) but also almost
e q u a l l y by respondents from Unit 7 which would appear t o be f a i r l y
affluent.
Respondents from Unit 4 are l e a s t l i k e l y t o shop here.
Montclair supermarkets are patronised p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y
least
by respondents from Units 3, 5 and 11 (not very a f f l u e n t ) but most
by Unit 4 respondents.
A noteworthy feature o f Table 4 i s t h a t respondents from Unit
3 patronise shops w i t h i n t h e i r own u n i t p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y more than any
other group patronises any other area.
This p r a c t i c e i s perhaps
testimony to the general opinion about the b e t t e r shopping f a c i l i t i e s
in that u n i t .
Respondents from Unit 10, on the other hand, seem
p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y l e a s t happy w i t h shopping i n t h e i r own u n i t , being
the respondents most l i k e l y t o go t o other u n i t s , w h i l e respondents
from Unit 2 are l e a s t happy about shopping i n Chatsworth a t a l l .
Further examination of Table 4, column by column, reveals
some remarkable p o i n t s , the most notable of these being perhaps t h a t
I t would appear, from a column-by-column inspection o f t h i s
t a b l e , t h a t f o r respondents r e g u l a r l y shopping a t a l l venues other
than those w i t h i n Chatsworth, a main consideration i s t h a t i t
cheaper t o do so.
is
Of equal importance, however, to those who shop
a t Warwick Avenue market ( i . e . a substantial number from most u n i t s ,
as seen i n Table 4) and t o those who shop a t Jacobs market (mainly
Unit 4 respondents) i s the s t a t e of freshness or q u a l i t y o f the goods.
The l a t t e r aspect i s the main f e a t u r e unique tD the two f r e s h produce
markets.
Warwick Avenue market has an advantage over Jacobs market
i n t h a t it i s also well-regarded i n i t s s e l e c t i o n of goods, which i n
some cases are not r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e elsewhere.
Hyperama/Hypermarket shoppers, who consist mainly o f Unit 4
respondents, are p a r t i c u l a r l y a t t r a c t e d by the idea of cheapness,
t h i s being mentioned by 63 percent.
Other reasons f o r going t h e r e ,
which also demonstrates a concern about p o s t , are bulk-buying
facilities
implying a lower p r i c e , mentioned by 17 percent, and "special
offers",
mentioned by 18 percent.
A second major reason f o r using these shops,
mentioned by 41 percent of these respondents, i s t h a t a good s e l e c t i o n
of wares i s a v a i l a b l e , which may not be obtainable elsewhere.
Shoppers a t the large supermarkets i n central Durban would
appear to be a t t r a c t e d t o these shops f o r much the same reasons as
those given by "hyper" shoppers f o r t h e i r choice of shop.
Of the
former group o f respondents, who consist mainly o f Units 5 , 6 and 7
respondents, 59 percent give cheapness, 29 percent give special o f f e r s
and 8 percent give bulk-buying f a c i l i t i e s as reasons f o r going t h e r e .
These reasons are a l l cost o r i e n t a t e d .
Again, a second reason o f
major importance, mentioned by 30 percent, i s the good s e l e c t i o n of
wares a v a i l a b l e .
Apart from the b e l i e f t h a t i t i s cheaper t o shop t h e r e , 26
percent of the respondents using the Grey St./Warwick Avenue shops
r e g u l a r l y (Units 10 and 5) and 35 percent of those using the supermarkets a t H o n t c l a i r r e g u l a r l y (Unit 4) do so because the s e l e c t i o n
of goods includes those which are not a v a i l a b l e elsewhere.
Second
19.
with 184 respondents regularly go there.
The Hyperama and Hypermarket
are as frequently mentioned as i s Warwick Avenue market i n having the
best selection of goods, although these must i n e v i t a b l y be of a
different variety.
This, together with t h e i r believed cheapness,
must account f o r the large number who patronise them.
After these
two venues - Warwick Avenue market and the two "Hypers" - the supermarkets a t Montclair have the best reputation f o r selection and unusual
items.
But t h e i r best features - cheapness and good selection - are
not s u f f i c i e n t to draw many respondents.
The big supermarkets i n
central Durban are more frequently patronised because of "special
o f f e r s " (29?!) than any other venue, the Hyperama/Hypermarket
featuring next i n importance i n t h i s respect (1850.
As these
central supermarkets a t t r a c t more respondents than any other venue
outside of Chatsworth, the importance of t h e i r strongest features cheapness, good and wide selection and "special o f f e r s " should not
be overlooked.
These three characteristics are also the strongest
of the a t t r a c t i o n s of the Grey Street/Warwick Avenue shops, which
a t t r a c t the t h i r d highest number of respondents.
4,8
Summary of section 4
To sum up very b r i e f l y these various shopping habits and
patterns, i t may be said that the Chatsworth shopper ic as l i k e l y
to shop mainly outside as mainly inside Chatsworth f o r foodstuffs
and groceries.
Large numbers of respondents leave Chatsworth
r e g u l a r l y , making f o r shopping areas i n many parts of Durban, i n
search of the foodstuffs they p a r t i c u l a r l y want, with cost a
primary consideration.
Their choice of l o c a l i t y i s determined to
a certain extent by the type of person they are, f o r example, whether
male or female, r i c h or poor, while t h e i r u n i t of residence may
a f f o r d us some help i n making predictions about t h i s choice.
21.
supermarkets, but a general tendency by those more highly educated
r a t h e r than the less educated to opt f o r t h i s category i s present.
A f a i r l y sharp r i s e a t the highest education l e v e l s associated w i t h
opting f o r Indian c o n t r o l of supermarkets i s apparent, but t h i s
not r e f l e c t e d amrngst the income sub-groups.
a c o n f l i c t of idealism and pragmatism.
is
Perhaps t h i s represents
Although, f o r the general p u b l i c , the question of cost i s
probably of prime importance i n determining the choice of shop, other
f a c t o r s may also be s u f f i c i e n t l y i n f l u e n t i a l to o v e r r i d e the former.
(An example i n the context o f the study i s the degree of mainly
within-Chatsworth shopping i n s p i t e of the general opinion t h a t shops
elsewhere are cheaper.)
Question 7, t h e r e f o r e , attempts to e s t a b l i s h
whether opinions shown i n the preceding question, t i e d to value f o r
money, hold good i f the respondent were to consider a l l reasons f o r
choosing a p a r t i c u l a r type of shop.
results.
Table 6 below presents these
25.
In terms of the sample as a whole, although the observed
d i f f e r e n c e s between these answers and those of the previous question
are s l i g h t , the d i r e c t i o n i s towards entrenchment o f the more s t r o n g l y
held choices of the preceding question,' i n c l u d i n g the greater p o l a r i s a t i o n o f younger people towards only Indian supermarkets.
Within the sub-groups of male and female, the emphasis would
appear t o have changed s l i g h t l y :
a greater p r o p o r t i o n of those choosing
the white chain stores i s made up of females i n t h i s question than i n the
preceding question, these apparently having previously chosen j o i n t l y c o n t r o l l e d supermarkets.
Two apparent changes amongst the age sub-groups may be noted.
The f i r s t of these i s the reversal o f emphasis between the "under 24-" and
"25-34" groups i n respect of the choice o f white chain s t o r e s .
When
the question r e f e r r e d only t o value f o r money, the response from the
former age group (55i) was n o t i c e a b l y below t h a t of the sample as a
whole (61%), w h i l e the response of the l a t t e r age group (65S!) was almost
as much above t h a t Of the t o t a l sample.
With reference to a l l
reasons
f o r choosing a type of shop, the younger age group response rose t o t h a t
o f the sample as a whole, w h i l e the o l d e r age group would appear t o have
dropped.
The second change also concerns these two age groups, but i n
respect o f j o i n t l y - c o n t r o l l e d supermarkets.
In t h i s case a greater
response amongst the younger age group and a lower response i n the
o l d e r group, f o r the f i r s t q u e s t i o n , has given way t o a lower response
from the younger group and a higher response from the o l d e r .
No p a r t i c u l a r e f f e c t due t o income or education i s t o be
found except amongst those who have achieved some post matric
education i n the form of diplomas or c e r t i f i c a t e s .
For these, a
b i g supermarket j o i n t l y c o n t r o l l e d by whites and Indians was
decidedly the best option o f a l l whan a l l reasons were taken
i n t o account.
This category gained, so t o speak a t the expense
Whereas a decided m a j o r i t y of a l l respondents, whatever t h e i r
age or sex, favoured the idea o f having white-owned supermarkets i n
Chatsworth, t h i s idea appears t o be i n s l i g h t l y greater favour amongst
females (84£ i n favour, 1451 against) than amongst males (80% i n f a v o u r ,
164 a g a i n s t ) , w h i l e the age group 25-34 appears less i n favour (773S
f o r and 20% against) than other age groups.
As regards income and education sub-groupc, i.t i s o f i n t e r e s t
t h a t i n response t o the o p t i o n " l i k e i n g e n e r a l " , a positively-skewed
d i s t r i b u t i o n o f answers i s t o be found.
That i s t o say, a greater
concentration of answers i s s i t u a t e d near the lower end o f the income
and education scales.
I t would appear t o be a lower middle class
" q u a l i t y " t o l i k e the idea o f white supermarkets i n Chatsworth.
No
p a r t i c u l a r trend appears t o e x i s t i n response t o the option " d i s l i k e
i n general"
29.
I t i s relevant a t t h i s p o i n t to ask whether these a t t i t u d e s
are a f f e c t e d by the tendency to shop mainly w i t h i n or mainly outside
of Chatsworth.
Table 17 i n the appendix contains these r e s u l t s but
l i t t l e d e v i a t i o n from the o v e r a l l trend i s apparent.
On the whole, a large m a j o r i t y of respondents said t h a t they
l i k e d the idea i n general o f white-owned shops i n Chatsworth.
This
f e e l i n g was more s t r o n g l y associated w i t h the lower l e v e l s o f income
and education.
The next questions concerned some of the i m p l i c a t i o n s
of white-owned shops operating i n Chatsworth.
5.3
Consequences of having w h i t e shops i n Chatsworth
I t may t e n t a t i v e l y be assumed t h a t , if
any a n t i p a t h y e x i s t s
amongst these respondents t o the idea o f white ownerhips, i t was not
r e f l e c t e d any l a r g e extent i n t h e i r answers:
instead i t would appear
t h a t material b e n e f i t s outweigh p o l i t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s .
I t would
f u r t h e r appear, as answers t o the f o l l o w i n g question suggest (Table 8 ) ,
t h a t the preference stated above e x i s t s i n s p i t e of the submission by
approximately h a l f of the sample t h a t a l l o w i n g w h i t e supermarkets
i n t o Chatsworth would harm the present shops (Q.9 i n i n t e r / i e w schedule).
That t h i s may be a s e l f i s h a t t i t u d e i s suggested i n Appendix Tables
18 and 19, i n which the answers to these two questions are crosstabulated i n two ways.
Here i t may be seen t h a t 157 ( o r 35 percent
of the t o t a l sample) respondents give an apparently s e l f i s h response:
t h a t i s , 157 respondents s t a t e t h a t they l i k e t h e ' i d e a of white-owned
supermarkets i n Chatsworth w h i l e d i r e c t l y acknowledging t h a t the
present Chatsworth shops would be harmed by them.
(These respondents
comprise 43* o f those who l i k e the idea of such shops and 715! o f
those who b e l i e v e the e x i s t i n g shops would be harmed - Appendix Tables
18 and 19 r e s p e c t i v e l y . )
I n c o n t r a s t , those who could be said t o
be a l t r u i s t i c i n t h e i r responses regarding the e x i s t i n g shops c o n s i s t
o f 53 respondents (77% i n Appendix Table 18 and 24% i n Appendix Table
1 9 ) , these being the ones say both that they d i s l i k e d the idea o f
white-owned shops i n Chatsworth and t h a t they thought such shops
would harsi the e x i s t i n g shops.
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6.
POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The attention of the respondent was next directed to issues
of a p o l i t i c a l nature.
Questions 11, 12, 13 and 19 deal with trading
r i g h t s and Questions 14 and 15 with p o l i t i c a l
6.1
affiliations.
Trading r i g h t s i n Chatsworth
The f i r s t of these questions investigated the stance taken
by the respondent with regard to the r i g h t Df allowing big supermarkets i n t o Chatsworth and the next the strength of the respondent's
stand i n the face of opposition from Indian leaders.
Tables 10 and
11 contain these responses and they are presented consecutively f o r
easy reference.
37.
The response t o the c l e a r l y - d e f i n e d question as to whather
b i g supermarkets should be allowed i n t o Chatsworth or not showed a
strong f e e l i n g i n favour o f the idea.
Approximately 90 percent' o f
the respondents answered a f f i r m a t i v e l y . "
Only a s l i g h t reduction of
t h i s percentage was noted amongst these people i f faced w i t h the
p r o p o s i t i o n t h a t Indian leaders would argue s t r o n g l y against the idea
of supermarkets i n Chatsworth.
Males appear t o have a f i r m e r a t t i t u d e than females against
white supermarkets, w i t h l a r g e r percentages of answers at each stage
of t h i s question (104 and 5% against 7% and 2%).
Those i n the
highest income and education groups appear t o have the strongest
f e e l i n g s against white supermarkets, t h i s being observable both i n
the downward trend w i t h r i s e i n income and education f o r the permissive
approach and the upward trend w i t h r i s e i n income and education f o r
negative answers.
»
The general f i n d i n g regarding white traders i s t h a t approximately SO percent of the sample submit t h a t whites should be allowed
t o trade i n Chatsworth, as of r i g h t , i n s p i t e o f opposition from Indian
leaders.
I t i s necessary to examine t h e i r view of those traders
displaced under the Group Areas A c t .
Respondents were asked i n Q.13 t o make a choice from t h r e e
possible options expressive of opinions about displaced Indian traders
v i s - a - v i s white t r a d e r s .
Comments by i n t e r v i e w e r s afterwards
suggested t h a t the options and t h e i r p o l i t i c a l
r e a d i l y comprehended by a l l respondents.
i m p l i c a t i o n s were not
Be t h a t as i t may, i t would
appear t h a t a m a j o r i t y of respondents believed t h a t traders displaced
by the Group Areas Act as w e l l as big white supermarkets should be
given t r a d i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s .
These answers are presented i n Table 12.
Responses to t h i s question amongst the various sub-groups are
varied.
Males seem somewhat more s t r o n g l y motivated p o l i t i c a l l y than
females, but no obvious trend i s apparent amongst the age groups.
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Question 19, asked a t the conclusion of the interview,
again tapped attitudes towards the rights of ownership of shops in
Chatsworth.
These answers are tabulated in Table 13.
An effect due to income and education was evident, the trend
being f o r the most a f f l u e n t and most educated to be most closely
assoicated with ant-white, pro-Indian options.
Variation amongst
age and sex sub-groups was s l i g h t .
Overall, however, at least eight out of every ten respondents
reaffirmed a preference f o r the big white supermarkets i n saying that
they would rather have a big shopping centre with a supermarket,
shops such as CNA, Truworths and dozens of smaller Indian shops, than
a shopping centre without the supermarket, CNA or Truworths.
43.
TABLE 15
PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENTS WHO CONSIDERED THE FOLLOWING GROUPS AS
BEST FOR REPRESENTING INDIANS IN DURBAN
•
•Total
%
LAC
SAIC
NIC
Reform Party
Others
None
Not answered
Total
No. of respondents
21
29
17
3
2
5
23
100
449
The f a c t t h a t h a r d l y any NIC f i g u r e s appear i n Table 14 and
yet t h i s o r g a n i s a t i o n f i g u r e s prominently i n Table 15 i s f a i r l y odd.
I t i s p o s s i b l y t o be explained by the f a c t t h a t many of the more
prominent NIC leaders l i v e outside o f Chatsworth ar.J are not known
by name.
I t i s very d i f f i c u l t t o i n f e r the r e l a t i v e strengths of the
SAIC versus the NIC from the. r e s u l t s i n Table 15 due t o the large
p r o p o r t i o n of people who d i d not answer.
I f one assumes t h a t there
i s an "overlap" i n p o l i t i c a l views between the SAIC and the LAC, then
I t would seem, however, t h a t a more conservative or what i s o f t e n
r e f e r r e d t o as "moderate" leadership has an edge on more c r i t i c a l
or what i s r e f e r r e d to as " m i l i t a n t "
leadership.
I t must be noted t h a t these estimates apply only t o
Chatsworth.
One may not assume t h a t the same p a t t e r n s o f p o l i t i c a l
preference e x i s t among Indians elsewhere i n Durban.
are l i k e l y to be large v a r i a t i o n s between areas.
In f a c t , t h e r e
A ranking of these statements in order of magnitude of agreement
indicates, on the whole, that a benign view of the council tends to prevail.
This assessment i s based on the f a c t t h a t , in the f i r s t f i v e statements,
three are positive while in the l a s t f i v e statements, four are negative.
However, as the l i s t does include both positive and negative statements,
the responses made up from f a i l u r e to agree,should also be considered.
The general view of the City Council, then, could be said to be as
follows: ' that i t works to improve l i f e for a l l Durban people, not
only whites (the f i r s t of the statements read to respondents); that
i t gives Indians a better deal than in the past (statement 3) but t h i s
treatment may be a t t r i b u t a b l e to a minority of councillors (statement!!);
and that i t is not thought of as mainly interested In the whites (statement
11) although i t could do much more than i t does in attempting to influence
Government policy.
7.2
Chatsworth's municipal status
The second of the three additional issues concerned opinions
as to the municipal status of Chatsworth.
Respondents were asked whether
Chatsworth should become a separate municipality on i t s own, separate
i f assisted with funds, or stay part of Durban.
The ,-esponses are
tabulated below.
For this question, i t would appear that whatever the sub-group,
whether the respondent was male or female, young or old, approximately
87 percent thought that Chatsworth should stay part of Durban.
Nor was
there any correlation between a t t i t u d e and income or education levels.
I t would f u r t h e r appear that the topic was one on which nearly a l l
respondents had opinions - i . e . a very low "no answer" or "don't know"
rate.
This very clear trend in the answers i s very s i g n i f i c a n t in
the l i g h t of the apparent intention of the central government to separate
municipal populations into d i s t i n c t "ethnic" local authorities as far as
possible.
I f the government persists in t h i s intention a great deal of
controversy and opposition w i l l be generated among the populations
affected.
7.3
The Indian beach
The t h i r d issue concerned m u l t i - r a c i a l beaches.
Respondents
were asked t o choose one of several options concerning the f u t u r e of
the Indian beach, as shown i n the t a b l e below.
A m a j o r i t y of a l l respondents answered t h a t the Indian beach
should be opened to a l l . races, w i t h males r a t h e r than females, and the
oldest age group, being more c l o s e l y associated w i t h this.answer.
The two youngest age groups were nore i n c l i n e d than the other age groups
to say t h a t the Indian beach should be opened to w h i t e s , coloureds and
Indians o n l y .
Females rather than males, and the two middle age groups
were more I n c l i n e d to say t h a t the Indian beach should stay as i t
is.
No e f f e c t s due to race of I n t e r v i e w e r were apparent.
There was, however, a curious anomaly i n the sub-groups of
income and education:
h i t h e r t o , trends along these variables have tended
to go hand-in-hand w i t h one another;
1n answer to t h i s question however,
the response gradients tend to take opposite courses.
A downward trend
w i t h r i s e i n Income i s apparent f o r the category "should be opened t o
a l l r a c e s " , but t h i s i s associated w i t h an upward (thoqgh not strong)
trend w i t h r i s e i n l e v e l o f education.
S i m i l a r l y , f o r the option
"should stay as i t i s " , a r i s i n g trend i s associated w i t h r i s e i n
income and a decreasing trend w i t h l e v e l o f education.
seem t h a t the w e a l t h i e r
Thus i t would
respondents and those w i t h low levels of
education are the ones who would prefer to stay w i t h i n t h e i r own
race group rather than mix w i t h a l l races
a t the beach.
8.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
In t h i s study, a sample o f 449 Indians from Chatsworth was
asked b r i e f questions about shopping habits and a t t i t u d e s to the
contentious issue of a l l o w i n g white-owned shops t o operate i n Chatsworth.
Some p o l i t i c a l background and c e r t a i n a d d i t i o n a l t o p i c s r e l a t i n g to
l o c a l government p o l i c y were included.
I t was found that the major proportion o f shopping f o r food
was e q u a l l y d i v i d e d between areas outside o f Chatsworth and w i t h i n .
Factors o f age, sex, income and education were l i k e l y t o a f f e c t the
choice of shopping area, as w e l l as p a r t i c u l a r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the
type of shop i t s e l f .
The m a j o r i t y of the respondents were found t o be i n favour
of having large white-owned shops i n Chatsworth, even though t h i s was
l a r g e l y seen as l i k e l y t o be harmful t o the e x i s t i n g shops i n Chatsworth.
White-owned shops were mainly thought t o have a r i g h t t o operate i n
Chatsworth, but i t was l a r g e l y agreed t h a t Indian traders displaced
under the Group Areas Act should be allowed t o open as w e l l .
Considerable v a r i a t i o n between sub-groups i n the population
was present, and there was also some v a r i a t i o n (some of i t associated
w i t h sub-group v a r i a t i o n ) between respondents interviewed by whites and
those interviewed by Indians.
Nevertheless, i n no grouping o f
respondents i s t h e r e a m a j o r i t y against the e n t r y of white-owned
commerce i n t o Chatsworth.
A m a j o r i t y a t t i t u d e favourable t o the
establishment of white-owned commerce p e r s i s t e d even when our respondents
were faced w i t h the p r o p o s i t i o n or notion t h a t Indian leaders were opposed
t o i t , t h a t Indian traders would be harmed and t h a t Indian traders
displaced by the Group Areas Act needed to be accommodated.
An i n s p e c t i o n of a l l our r e s u l t s , taking i n t o account
v a r i a t i o n s between age, income and educational groups and race of
i n t e r v i e w e r , suggests very s t r o n g l y t h a t a t l e a s t t w o - t h i r d s o f any
On the issue of the f u t u r e of the Indian beach, i t i s c l e a r t h a t
some t w o - t h i r d s or more of the people o f Chatsworth would endorse the
C i t y C o u n c i l ' s c u r r e n t p o l i c y of c a u t i o u s l y opening c e r t a i n beaches t o
a l l races, i n c l u d i n g the Indian beach.'
This support i s general
throughout the community and even the more conservative groups are
prepared to accept an open beach.
F i n a l l y , on the issue of the f u t u r e municipal status of
Chatsworth our respondents l e f t us i n no doubt about t h e i r c o n v i c t i o n s ,
which appear t o be f i r m l y h e l d ; they wish t o retrain p a r t o f Durban.
The reasons f o r t h i s , although not i n v e s t i g a t e d , are probably obvious
they r e a l i s e t h a t i t would be impossible f o r a separate Indian m u n i c i p a l i t y
f o r an area composed mainly of .lower-income people to e s t a b l i s h and
maintain f a c i l i t i e s and services of the q u a l i t y t h a t the Durban Corporation
offers.
We s u s p e c t , f u r t h e r m o r e , t h a t there i s a great deal of
political
sentiment i n favour of r a c i a l l y i n t e g r a t e d urban development f o r the
future.
This sentiment i s probably also q u i t e important i n i n f l u e n c i n g
t h e i r choices on other issues we have covered, such as the opening o f
beaches t o a l l groups and the establishment of white-owned commercial
f a c i l i t i e s i n t h e i r areas.
53.
TABLE 1.
NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT REPRESENTATION
Target Sample
No.
30
54
61
13
41
22
139
27
35
422
422
Unit 1
Z
3
4
5
e
7, 8 , 9*
10
11
Total
No. of respondents
*
%
7
13
14
3
10
5
33
6
8
99
422
Observed Sample
No.
32
65
71
14
47
24
130
" 28
38
449
449
%
7
15
16
3
11
5
29
6
8
100
449
Units 7, 8 and 9 could not be separately i d e n t i f i e d according to
type of house, as t h i s information was nqt available.
For
sampling purposes, they were treated as one.
For discussion
purposes, respondents were categorised according to u n i t as per
road number.
TABLE 2.
SEX OF RESPONDENTS
No.
Male
Female
Total
No. of respondents
308
141
449
449
%
69
31
100
449
55.
TABLE 6.
EDUCATION OF RESPONDENTS
Category No.
Less than Std. 3
Std. 3 - 7
Std. 8 - 3
Std. 10/matric
Post matric c e r t i f i c a t e or diploma
U n i v e r s i t y degree
No i n f o r m a t i o n
Total
No. of respondents
1
2
3
4
5
6
58
207
105
53
15
10
1
449
449
%
13
45
23
12
3
2
'
-
99
449
TABLE 7.
TYPE OF ACCOMMODATION
Ho.
House
Flat
Total
No. o f respondents
397
52
445
449
%
88
12
100
449
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59.
Table 11
PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS REGULARLY SHOPPING AT EACH AREA AND THE OTHER
AREAS THEY PATRONIZED REGULARLY
a.
Warwick Ave. Market shoppers also shopped a t :
%
Jacobs market
Hyperama/Hypermarket
Central white supermarkets
Grey St./Warwick Ave. area
Clairwood shops
Montclair supermarkets
Other White supermarkets
Shops i n own u n i t
Shops in other units
No. of respondents
b.
6
32
54
45
28
13
12
61
32
184
Jacobs shoppers also shopped a t :
%
Warwick Ave. market
Hyperama/Hypermarket
Central white supermarkets
Grey St./Warwick Ave. area
Clairwood shops
Montclair supermarkets
Other white supermarkets
Shops in own u n i t
Shops i n other units
No. of respondents
c.
Hyperama/Hypermarket shoppers also shopped a t :
Warwick Ave. market
Jacobs market
Central white supermarkets
Grey St./Warwick Ave. area
Clairwood shops
Montclair supermarkets
Other white supermarkets
Shops in own u n i t
Shops i n other units
No. of respondents
35
42
45
39
26
39
65
39
31
%
44
10
60
36
31
25
16
62
39
134
61
Table 11 Continuted
h.
Other white supermarket shoppers also shopped a t :
Warwick Ave. market
Jacobs market
Hyperama/Hypermarket
Central white supermarkets
Grey St./Warwick Ave. area
Clairwood shops
M o n t c l a i r supermarkets
Shops i n own u n i t
Shops i n other u n i t s
No. o f respondents
i.
Own u n i t shoppers also shopped a t :
Warwick AVe. market
Jacobs market
Hyperama/Hyermarket
Central w h i t e supermarkets
Grey St./Warwick Ave. area
Clairwood shops
t
M o n t c l a i r supermarkets
Other white supermarkets
Shops i n other u n i t s
No. o f respondents
j.
Other u n i t shoppers a l s o shopped a t :
Warwick Ave. market
Jacobs market
Hyperama/Hypermarket
Central white supermarkets
Grey St./Warwick Ave. area
Clairwood shops
M o n t c l a i r supermarkets
Other white supermarkets
Shops i n own u n i t
No. o f respondents
%
47
45
49
51
38
19
68
38
47
%
38
7
28
44
33
25
15
11
31
298
%
38
8
34
45
35
32
16
12
60
154
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65.
TABLE 15.
PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS SHOPPING MAINLY WITHIN OR OUTSIDE OF
CHATSWORTH ASSOCIATING TYPE OF OUTLET WITH BEST VALUE FOR MONEY
Shop mainly
outside
Chatsworth
Total
%
%
%
60
63
61
9
12
10
21
17
3
7
Shop mainly
within
Chatsworth
A big supermarket run by P fi P
O.K. or Checkers
A big new supermarket run by
Indian businessmen
A big new supermarket j o i n t l y
c o n t r o l l e d by Indians =ind
whites
E x i s t i n g smaller supermarkets
i n Chatsworth
Some o r d i n a r y shops in
Chatsworth
Undecided/don't know
Total
No. o f respondents
11
3
,l 3
100
216
-
1
100
222
2
2
99
449*
TABLE 16.
Shop mainly
within
Chatsworth
ef
Ai
A big supermarket run by p Yi P,
O.K. or Checkers
A b i g new supermarket run by
Indian businessmen
A b i g new supermarket j o i n t l y
c o n t r o l l e d by Indians and
whites
E x i s t i n g smaller supermarkets i n
Chatsworth
Some of the o r d i n a r y shops i n
Chatsworth
Undecided, d o n ' t know
Total
No. of respondents
*
NOTE:
Shop mainly
outside
Chatsworth
Total
k
%
61
64
62
9
10
9
15
23
19
11
2
6
-
4
100
216
Not a l l respondents answered Question 2.
1
100
222
1
2
99
449*
67.
TABLE 20
PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INCOME AND EDUCATION
WHO WERE INTERVIEWED BY WHITE AND INDIAN INTERVIEWERS
RACE OF INTERVIEWER
WHITE
INDIAN
%
%
Income
R199 and under
R200 - R349
R350 - R499
R500 - R799
RfiOO and over
No i n f o r m a t i o n
Total
No. o f respondents
9
23
23
28
14
3
100
287
18
26
21
24
9
2
100
162
10
46
24
14
3
2
17
46
22
8
4
2
99
99
162
Education
Less than Std. 3
Std. 3 - 7
Std. 8 - 9
Std. 10/matric
Post matric c e r t i f i c a t e / d i p l o m a
U n i v e r s i t y degree
No information
Total
No. o f respondents
287
69.
TABLE 23.
PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENTS WHO LIKED OR DISLIKED THE IDEA OF HAVING
WHITE-OWNED SUPERMARKETS IN CHATSWORTH
RACE OF
INTERVIEWER
White
Indian
%
t
ol
fo
81
15
1
2
99
449
90
6
1
3
99
287
Total
Like i n general
D i s l i k e i n general
Other
No information
Total
No. of respondents
TABLE 24.
67
31
1
1
100
162
(
PERCENTAGES DF RESPONDENTS WHO BELIEVED THAT EXISTING CHATSWORTH
SHOPS WOULD BE HELPED OR HARMED B/ WHITE SUPERMARKETS
RACE OF
INTERVIEWER
Total
%
Present shops would be helped
Present shops would be harmed
Not a f f e c t e d
Other
Total
No. o f respondents
30
49
19
1
99
449
White
%
31
45
21
2
99
287
Indian
%
28
56
16
100
162
TABLE 25.
PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENTS WITH PARTICULAR EXPECTATIONS CONCERNING
EFFECTS DF WHITE SHOPS ON PRICES
RACE OF
INTERVIEWER
Total
Prices would go up a l i t t l e
Prices would stay the same as
Prices would drop a l i t t l e
Prices would drop q u i t e a l o t
Other answers/no i n f o r m a t i o n
Total
No. o f respondents
r
8
14
60
12
5
99
419
White
%
7
15
59
13
76
101
287
Indian
%
11
12
64
10
2
99
162
>J
71
TABLE 28.
PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENTS HOLDING PARTICULAR 0PINI0N5 ABOUT
DISPLACED INDIAN TRADERS
RACE OF
INTERVIEWER
Total
%
Displaced traders instead of white
supermarkets
Displaced traders as well as white
supermarkets
White supermarkets not allowed at a l l
Other/no information
Total
No. of respondents
White
%
Indian
•v
16
10
27
76
5
83
4
3
100
287
65
7
1
100
162
Z99
449
TABLE 29.
PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENTS WHO CHOSE A PARTICULAR TYPE OF SHOPPING
CENTRE
RACE OF
INTERVIEWER
Total
Big centre with supermarket; CNA, Truworths
and dozens of smaller Indian shops
Shopping centre without white-Dwned shops
Other/no information
Total
No. of respondents
RB
11
1
100
449
White
93
7
100
287
Indian
80
19
1
100
162
73.
TABLE 32.
PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENTS AGREEING TO PARTICULAR STATEMENTS ABOUT
THE CITY COUNCIL
Race o f
Interviewer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
This Council works t o improve l i f e f o r a l l
people i n Durban not only whites
This Council i s no d i f f e r e n t from any white
1
C i t y Council
This Council gives .Indians a b e t t e r deal
than i n the past
This Council - too many promises and no
action
No matter what the Council may want, the
Corporation o f f i c i a l s s t i l l do too l i t t l e
f o r Indians
The Council does i t s best t o l i s t e n to
Indian leaders
The service the Corporation gives i s
imnrovin" a l l the time
The Council can do much more than i t does to
persuade the government t o change i t s
policies
Some c o u n c i l l o r s are t r y i n g t h e i r best but
the m a j o r i t y s t i l l neglect Indian problems
This C i t y Council i s determined to make
progressive changes
This Council on the whole i s mainly
i n t e r e s t e d i n the whites
Total
White
[ndian
%
%
i
76
82
66
39
41
35
69
77
55
52
49
56
51
46
59
42
46
35
60
71
4?
62
63
60
68
66
72
60
67
46
33
26
46
75.
CASS.64/82
CENTRE FOR APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF NATAL
DURBAN
CHATSWORTH SURVEY
Introduction:
I am- from the U n i v e r s i t y o f N a t a l .
I work f o r a department a t
the U n i v e r s i t y c a l l e d the Centre f o r Applied Social Sciences.
We do
surveys on t o p i c a l issues - t h a t i s on problems or events which are I n
the news.
We do these surveys i n order t o keep everyone, i n c l u d i n g
the decision-makers, informed on what people r e a l l y t h i n k .
Me have s e l e c t e d s t r e e t s and houses i n s t r e e t s a t random as 1n a l o t t e r y .
i.e.,
I n such a way we can i n t e r v i e w a few hundred people who
w i l l s c i e n t i f i c a l l y represent t h e views of the whole area.
Your answers are very Important t o us because you w i l l be
answering f o r many o t h e r people l i k e you.
confidential.
What you say w i l l be completely
We add a l l the answers together i n a computer and p u b l i s h
r e s u l t s only f o r groups.
For example, men or women, teenagers, adults
o r o l d e r people, c l e r i c a l workers, a r t i s a n s , nurses, e t c .
% i n t e r v i e w w i t h you w i l l not take long and I am sure you w i l l
enjoy i t .
1.
The questions are easy, f o r instance:
Thinking o f Chatswarth as a whole, what are the most urgent
problems t h a t need t o be put r i g h t ? (Probe f o r a t l e a s t two.)
77.
4.
( F o r each area shopped a t r e g u l a r l y - see above, ask):
Mould you t e l l me how o f t e n you generally shop a t
( I n t e r v i e w e r : mention area and read completely
through the l i s t o f possible frequencies each time and
t i c k appropriately).
Not
Selected
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
8
9
10
Every
Day
2 - 3
times
per week
1 X
week
1 X 2 1 X 3-4 Less
Freweeks weeks
quently
79.
6.
7.
Think of the shopping f a c i l i t i e s f o r food t h a t one mfght
have i n Chatsworth. Which one of the f o l l o w i n g w i l l o f f e r
people l i k e you best value f o r money? (Read - r o t a t e )
(Ring)
A big Supermarket run by Pick and Pay, O.K.
Bazaars or Checkers
1
A big new Supermarket run by Indian
Businessmen
2
A b i g new Supermarket j o i n t l y c o n t r o l l e d by
Indian and white Businessmen
3
The e x i s t i n g smaller Supermarkets i n
Chatsworth
4
Some of the ordinary shops i n Chatsworth
5
Value f o r money i s only one of the things which are important
i n shopping f o r food, but there are other things as w e l l .
If
you t h i n k now of a l l your reasons together, which would you
shop a t most? (Read - r o t a t e )
(Ring)
8.
A b i g Supermarket run hy Pick and P»y, O.K.
Bazaars or Checkers
1
A b i g new Supermarket run by Indian
Businessmen
2
A big new Supermarket j o i n t l y c o n t r o l l e d by
Indian and white Businessmen
3
The e x i s t i n g smaller Supermarkets- i n
Chatsworth
4
Some of the ordinary shops i n Chatsworth
5
As you may know, there i s t a l k about white-owned Supermarkets
being allowed to open i n Chatsworth. I n general, do you l i k e
or d i s l i k e the idea of having white-owned Supermarkets here i n
Chatsworth?
(Ring)
L i k e i n general
1
D i s l i k e i n general
2
Other (specify)
9.
I f the big Supermarkets were allowed i n Chatsworth, do you f e e l
they would help the shops here now by b r i n g i n g i n more customers
to shop i n Chatsworth, or would the chops already here be
harmed?
(Ring)
Present shops would be helped
1
Present shops would be harmed
2
Not affected
3
81.
14.
Which person or persons would you see as leaders vrith
most support from the I n d i a n people i n Durban?
15.
Which one of the f o l l o w i n g groups are best f o r representing
the Indian community i n Durban?
(Ring)
LAC'S
1
SAIC
2
Reform Party
3
Natal Indian Congress
1
4
Other groups ( s p e c i f y )
16.
Think o f the present Durban C i t y Council and o f the Durban
Corporation. I w i l l read you a nimber o f things t h a t can be
said about them. Please t e l l me which ones you agree w i t h .
(Ring)
This Council works to improve l i f e f o r a l l
people i n Durban, not only whites
01
This Council i s no d i f f e r e n t from any white
C i t y Council
02
This Council gives Indians a b e t t e r deal than
i n the past
03
This Council - too many promises and no
action
04
No matter what the Council may want, the
Corporation o f f i c i a l s s t i l l do too l i t t l e
f o r Indians
05
The Council does i t s best t o l i s t e n t o Indian
leaders
06
The s e r v i c e the Corporatton gives is improving a l l the time
07
The Council can do much more than i t does t o
persuade the government to change i t s p o l i c i e s
08
Some Councillors are t r y i n g t h e i r best but the
m a j o r i t y s t i l l neglect Indian problems
09
This C i t y Council i s determined t o make progressive changes
10
This Council on the whole i s mainly
i f i t e r t s t e d i n th- w h i t e -
11
83.
A few personal d e t a i l s :
Sex:
Male
1
Female
2
Religion:
Hindu
1
Islam
2
Christian
3
Other
4
Age: (.of respondent and spouse, where necessary)
Under 20 y r s
01
45 - 49 y r s
07
20 - 24 y r s
02
50 - 54 y r s
08
25 - 29 y r s
03
i 5 - 59 y r s
09
30 - 34 y r s
04
60 - 64 y r s
ID
35 - 39 y r s
05
65 +
11
40 - 44 y r s
06
Income:
yrs
(rough i n d i c a t i o n of income per month o f you, y o u r
spouse and any people t h a t share t h e i r income w i t h you)
0
01
R 400 - 449
99
02
R 450 - 499
10
R 100 - 149
03
R 500 - 549
11
R 150 - 199
04
R 550 - 599
12
R 200 - 249
05
R 600 - 799
13
14
H
R
1 -
R 250 - 299
06
R 800
R 300 - 349
07
R1000 +
R 350 - 399
08
Education:
999
( o f respondent and spouse, where necessary)
Less than Std. 3.
1
Std. 3 t o Std. 7
2
Std. 8 or 9.
3
Std. 10/matric
4
Post matric c e r t i f i c a t e o r Diploma
5
U n i v e r s i t y degree
6
09
15
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