1. art and entertainment
2. visual art and design
3. design

Number: 8 - 2013
Sample Natural Ventilation Application
Mechanical Installation at Jewellery
Business Kuyumcukent
President’s Overview
Owner on Behalf of TTMD:
Gürkan Arı
Responsible for Publication:
Murat Çakan
Responsible Editorial Manager:
B. Hakkı Buyruk
EDITORIAL BOARD
Ender İren
Atilla Kantarman
Eren Kalafat
Onur Koca
Cafer Ünlü
Güven Öğüş
Nazif Özakıncı
Züleyha Özcan
Erdal Taştekin
Birol Yavuz
Zeki Aksu
Tuba Bingöl Altıok
Yalım Atalay
Suat Arzık
Abdullah Bilgin
Şaban Durmaz
Göksel Duyum
Artuğ Fenercioğlu
Devrim Gürsel
Hasan Heperkan
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Akdeniz Hiçsönmez
Ömer Kantaroğlu
Engin Kenber
Abdurrahman Kılıç
Birol Kılkış
Olcay Kıncay
Ömer Köseli
Rüknettin Küçükçalı
Celal Okutan
Baycan Sunaç
Numan Şahin
Macit Toksoy
Haşmet Türkoğlu
Gönül Utkutuğ
Abdülvahap Yiğit
Tuncay Yılmaz
Zerrin Yılmaz
Kahraman Albayrak
Ahmet Arısoy
İbrahim Atılgan
Erdinç Boz
Aytekin Çakır
Celalettin Çelik
İrfan Çelimli
Kevork Çilingiroğlu
Fatma Çölaşan
Nilüfer Eğrican
Hüseyin Erdem
Serper Giray
Gülden Gökçen
Ersin Gürdal
Serdar Gürel
Murat Gürenli
Hüseyin Günerhan
Arif Hepbaşlı
Hasan Heperkan
CONTACT
TTMD Head Office
Bestekar Sk. Çimen Apt. No:15/2
Kavaklıdere/Ankara
Tel: 0 312 419 45 71-72
Faks: 0 312 419 58 51
Web: www.ttmd.org.tr
E-posta: [email protected]
Dear colleagues,
The concrete impacts of climatic problems triggered
by increased environmental pollution due to intensive
use of technology and energy in line with modern living
style are felt remarkably by modern people. We have to
draw necessary lessons from the emerging problems
and their impacts without wasting any further time, and
exert efforts to stop this trend and take serious measures
using our own mind and consciousness. Otherwise, the
growing imbalance in nature will inevitably cause even
greater problems for mankind.
During the last century, mankind headed towards easy
solutions in the building sector due to the readily available
cheap energy, exaggerated the artistic dimensions of
the business, and abandoned the ecological, energyefficient and environment friendly building style. Today,
mankind understands that energy resources are not
infinite, and the increased global warming and impacts
due to intensive consumption have directed mankind to
new quests. People of the next century will most probably
not use fossil fuels, even if they are available, and will
have to meet their needs largely from renewable energy
resources. In order not to get caught unprepared, we have
to acquire this awareness now and create and introduce
the infrastructure for new and renewable technologies.
I hope the symposium brings about successful results
for our colleagues, industry and country.
1
Gürkan ARI
Chairman of Executive Board
TTMD
Production
ASMEDYA
Birlik Mah. 410. Sok. 5/2 Çankaya / ANKARA
www.asmedya.com.tr
Baskı/Printing: Dumat Ofset - 2013
Distributed throughout Turkey.
According to the Turkish Press Laws, the journal is considered to be local periodical.
TTMD 2013
Turkish Society of HVAC & Sanitary Engineers
Turkish Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineers (TTMD, Türk
Tesisat Mühendisleri Derneği) was founded by Mr. Celal OKUTAN
and his friends in 1992 under the title of , Association of HVAC and
Sanitary Engineers (“Tesisat Mühendisleri Derneği”) to develop
HVAC and sanitary engineering, and to earn the sector the respect
it deserves. In 1997, the word “Turkish” was added before the title
and a significant step towards becoming a national association was
taken. The Association Economic Enterprise was founded in 2003.
TTMD regularly holds an “International HVAC+R Technology
Symposium” once every two years, and an annual workshop
to discuss a selected topic in detail, participates in domestic
and overseas fairs and symposia in the sector, and publicizes
and supports such activities. TTMD also publishes books for
professional development, and a bimonthly journal addressing the
sector with the title “TTMD Dergisi” (previously TTMD Bülteni for
35 issues). In addition, an English issue is published annually to
promote our sector overseas.
On the other hand, training programs and seminars are held by our
Regional Offices to improve the service quality of our colleagues. Our
society tries to facilitate forming of bonds among our colleagues by
bringing them together in various platforms, in addition to making
a significant contribution to the sector by improving the quality of
on-the-job training, which is among its purposes of foundation.
Our Activities
TTMD performs various activities related to installation in line with
its charter, and thus contributes to the public good. Some of the
activities of the society performed with this aim are as follows.
Realizing knowledge and technology transfer,
Contributing to the efficient use of energy in our country, Improving
knowledge accumulation and knowledge sharing in the sector and
thus contributing to the building of better buildings and plants,
Promoting our Country overseas in its own sector,
Representing our colleagues in international platforms and
following the developments closely,
Contributing to the training and research of our colleagues offering
professional services, newly graduated engineers, and students
willing to develop their skills in this profession in application field,
and contribute to knowledge and technology transfer,
Providing the necessary communication and discussion
enviromnent, Contributing to the research undertaken in
universities and research centers concerning our profession and
improving the university-industry cooperation,
Publication of journals, books, and manuals containing correct
and contemporary information on the installation sector, and the
establishment of “Rules of Conduct”,
TTMD has become a member of ASHRAE (American Society of
Heating and Refrigeration Engineers) in 1997, of REHVA (Federation
of European Heating and Air Conditioning Association) in 2000,
and of CLIMAMED (Joint Organization of HVAC&R Associations of
France, Italy, Portugal, Spain) in 2009.
Contributing to the development of the country as we do our
profession,
TTMD develops and supports R&D projects within the framework of
university-industry cooperation, takes active part in the preparation
of standards and regulations, cooperates with public bodies in the
preparation of regulations thus contributing to their conformity
with the norms, develops and operates national and international
projects (EU, FCO, etc.), and continues its publishing and
educational activities in the sector.
Generating energy-efficient and environment-friendly solutions and
cooperating on this issue,
TTMD Management Board
History of Presidency
Gürkan Arı
President
M. Bülent Özgür
Baycan Sunaç
Hırant Kalataş
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Bünyamin Ünlü
Murat Gürenli
Abdurrahman Kılıç
Ömer Köseli
Güniz Gacaner
Kemal Gani Bayraktar
Tuba Bingöl Altıok
Sarven Çilingiroğlu
Ramazan Yazgan
General Secretary
Treasurer
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Representation
Creating healthy, safe, hygienic, comfortable, in a word, livable
environments in different buildings in which people spend about
80-90 % of their times,
Working in coordination with other professional and expertise
groups.
Founding Honorary President
Celal Okutan
1st Term - Celal Okutan
2nd Term - Numan Şahin
3rd Term - M. Serdar Gürel
4th Term - Ömer Kantaroğlu
5th Term - Engin Kenber
6th Term - B. Erdinç Boz
7th Term - Hüseyin Erdem
8th Term - Abdullah Bilgin
9th Term - Cafer Ünlü
International Memberships
2
Metin Karabacak
Züleyha Özcan
Ayşen Hamacıoğlu
İbrahim Akdemir
Tefik Demirçalı
Özcan Türkbay
Göksel Duyum
İbrahim Üstün Tatlıdil
Necdet Altuntop
İlhan Tekin Öztürk
Öner Boysal
Orhan Cazgır
Mustafa Eyriboyun
TTMD 2013
Adana
Ankara
Antalya
Bursa
Denizli
Eskişehir
İstanbul
İzmir
Kayseri
Kocaeli
Konya
Samsun
Zonguldak
American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Federation of European HVAC Associations
Climamed
Contents
3
President’s Overview
6
NEWS
6
English Program Symposium 2012
14
TTMD 20 Years of Age
15
TTMD Projects:
Green Careers
16
Full Support to the Private Sector in
Transition to Low-Carbon Economics:
Climate Platform
16
The Concept of Sustainable
Consumption and Production (SCP)
and the Project of SCP Turkey
16
HIP Work Continues under HIP Project
4
TTMD 2013
Contents
17
Aqua Conserver
First Step Taken in Aqua Conserver
Project
17
TTMD in Climamed Congress 2011
18
TTMD In ICHVAC-3
21 ARTICLE
21
Sample Natural Ventilation Application
Sarven Çilingiroğlu
5
33
Mechanical Installation At Jewellery
Businesses Kuyumcukent
Kani Korkmaz
TTMD 2013
News
English Program Symposium 2012
6
TTMD 2013
News
April 30, 2012 - Monday
HALL A
HALL B
08:30 - 09:45
REGISTRATION
09:45 - 10:45
OPENING CEREMONY
10:45 - 11:00
Coffee Break
11:00 - 11:45
“Looking at İstanbul or Seeing İstanbul!”
Opening Conference: Sunay Akın
Chairman: Numan Şahin
11:45 - 12:30
“Future Energy Concepts For Buildings and Districts - From Energy To Exergy”
Invited Speaker: Gerhard Hausladen
12:30 - 14:00
Lunch
14:00 - 15:40
Session - 1A - 1: Technical Session: Energy
Efficient Buildings
Chairman: Engin Kenber
Session -1B - 1: Technical Session: Energy
Efficient Buildings
Chairman: Erdinç Boz
14:00 - 14:20
Importance of Dynamic Energy Modelling In
Energy Efficient and Green Structure Design
A. Zerrin Yılmaz, Ece Kalaycıoğlu, Alpay
Akgüç, Meltem Bayraktar
Energy Efficient Double Shell Curtain Wall
Systems Gözde Çakır
14:20 - 14:40
Evaluation of Environmental Performances and
Energy Efficiency Projections In The Construction
Industry In Turkey
Taner Soner, M. Ziya Sögüt
HVAC Applications In Elliptical Architectural
Structures
Coşku Cengiz, Şenol Kılıç
14:40 - 15:00
Green Buildings: Barriers, Opportunities,
Supporting Policies and Creating Demand In
The Transformation Process of The Construction
Industry
Çağla Pınar Utkutuğ, Gönül Utkutuğ
Plumbing Systems In Light Steel Frame
Constructions
Semih Göksel Yıldırım
15:00 - 15:20
Potential Customer Approach to Green
Housings: A Survey in Ankara Çayyolu
Çağla Pınar Utkutuğ, Sanem Alkibay,
Zeliha Eser
Building Material Use In Energy Efficient
Structures
Çiğdem Tekin
15:20 - 15:40
Master Project Integral Design For Net Zero
Energy Buildings
Wim Zeiler
Energy Labelling and Certification In HVAC
Products
Yüksel Köksal
15:40 - 16:00
Coffee Break
PANEL: Sustainable Energy Management in Urban Transformations
Moderator: Handan Türkoğlu, ITU City and Regional Planning
16:00 - 18:30
18:30 - 20:00
Gerhard Hausladen, The Technische Universität München, Building and Climatization Services
Gençay Tatlıdamak, Architect - Advisor, Sustainable Buildings Designer, IB Hausladen
Emre Kahraman, City Planner, Municipality of Gaziantep, Department of Housing and Urban
Development
Seda Müftüoğlu, Architect, Municipality of Gaziantep, Department of Housing and Urban
Development
Uygur Kınay, Ministry of Environment and Urbanism, General Directorate of Professional Services,
Department of Energy Efficiency
Aynur Şule Sümer, Municipality of Kadıköy, Head, Department of Environmental Protection and
Control
OPENING COCKTAIL - Wow Hotel & Convention Center
In Hall A, there will be simultaneous translation from Turkish to English and English to Turkish.
TTMD 2013
7
News
May 1, 2012 - Tuesday
HALL A
HALL B
Session-2A-1: Technical Session: Energy
Efficient Buildings
Chairman: Nilüfer Eğrican
Session-2B-1: Technical Session: Energy
Efficient Buildings
Chairman: Serdar Gürel
From Passive House Through nZEB To Energy Plus
Buildings, Some Dutch Examples
Wim Zeiler
Energy Use During The Lifespan of A Wooden
Frame Building
Hüseyin Günerhan, Burak Hozatlı
09:20 - 09:40
Active Roof Cooling By Floating Water
Wim Zeiler, Derek Vissers
HVAC Application In Industrial Buildings
İbrahim Karakaş, Zozan Türkgenç
09:20 - 09:40
Your Green Compass: “Environmental Indicators”
M. Selçuk Ercan
Energy Management and Analysis of Energy
Saving Potentials On Site
M. Ziya Söğüt, İnanç Cahit Güremen, Hakan
Kabalar
09:40 - 10:00
Sustainability = MEPS + Assuring Compliance
Through Third Party Certification
James Walters
Integrated Project Management In Mechanical
Pipework Applications
Hasan Acül
10:00 - 10:20
Is The UK’s Zero Carbon Standard For Housing a
Solution For CO2 Reduction In Turkey?
Passivhaus Standard as a Means to Achieving
Zero Carbon In Istanbul
Tuğba Salman Gürcan, Sofie Pelsmakers
09:00 - 10:40
09:00 - 09:20
10:20 - 10:40
10:55 - 12:40
10:55 - 11:40
Session-2A-2: Technical Session: HVAC
Systems and Equipment
Chairman: Cafer Ünlü
“Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioning And Ventilation Systems”
Invited Speaker: Olli Seppanen
11:40 - 12:00
Physical Modeling of Concrete-Core-Radiant
Cooling System For Upper-Egypt Climates
Ahmed A. Medhat A. Fahim
12:00 - 12:20
Mircomachined Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas
Sensor Modules Used For Comfortable,
Energy-Efficient Demand-Controlled Ventilation
and Building Monitoring
Simone Herberger, Heiko Ulmer
12:20 - 12:40
Synchronicity Factor In Air Conditioning of
Multi - Storey Carparks
Abdurrahman Kılıç
12:40 - 14:00
8
Coffee Break
Lunch
In Hall A, there will be simultaneous translation from Turkish to English and English to Turkish.
TTMD 2013
News
14:00 - 16:00
Session-2A-3: Technical Session: HVAC
Systems and Equipment
Chairman: Ahmed A. Medhat A. Fahim
Session-2B-2: Technical Session: HVAC
Systems and Equipment
Chairman: Ömer Kantaroğlu
14:00 - 14:20
Certification and Inspection of Building Materials
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment
and
Urbanism, General Directorate of Professional
Services, Department of Building Materials
Effect of Non-Domestic Pipework Systems With
Different Efficiencies On Water Consumption
Levels
Ömer Kantaroğlu, Fikret Kantaroğlu
14:20 - 14:40
Calculation of Temperature Difference (CLTD)
Values In The Cooling Load Being Used For Heat
Gain Through Building Walls
Recep Yumrutaş, Hasan Oktay, Omar Zainal
Environmental Evaluation of Central and Package
Waste Water Treatment Plants In Suburban Areas
Levent Alatlı, Ergin Erol,Salih Aliipek,
Ercan Özdemir, Burcu Elif Vardar,
Levent Çelikko
14:40 - 15:00
Chilled Ceiling Application In An Office
Building of A Global Company
Osman Arı
Concerns In Water Supply Lines In Multi-Storey
Buildings
Arcan Hacıraifoğlu
15:00 - 15:20
Adaptive Control Algorithm of Heating System For
Lars Low Energy System Radoslaw Gorzenski,
Andrzej Gorka, Edward Szczechowiak
Remote Commissioning With “Addressable”
Combined Dynamic Balance Valves and Single
Station Balancing (TIB) Method
Arcan Hacıraifoğlu
15:20 - 15:40
Energy Evaluation and Comparison Between Different HVAC Systems
Ahmet Arısoy
Evaluation of Theoretical and Measured Data From
The Pumps Being Used In Buildings’ Heating and
Cooling Systems
Okan Kon, Bedri Yüksel
15:40 - 16:00
New Algorithms For Energy Efficiency
In HVAC Systems
Michele Albieri, Alessandro Beghi,
Luca Cecchinato, Mirco Rampazzo
Improvement In Energy and Water Consumption
Levels of Buildings During Operation:
A Case Study
Z. Cihan Akbulut, Ertuğrul Örs,
Celalettin Bozdoğan
16:00 - 16:20
Coffee Break
16:20 - 18:00
Session-2A-4:Technical Session: HVAC Systems and Equipment
Chairman: Tuncay Yılmaz
Session-2B-3: Technical Session: Renewable
Energy and Applications
Chairman: Halime Paksoy
16:20 - 16:40
Energy Conservation In Buildings
Firas Aldroubi
Floor Level Heat Regenerator Design For Structural Applications With Photovoltaic Systems
Ahmet Yıldız, Önder Özgener, Leyla Özgener
16:40 - 17:00
Performance Analysis of Steam Compression and
Adaptive Water Cooling Systems
Bülent Orhan, Ali Güngör
Wind Power Applications In The Buildings
Özgün Korukçu
17:00 - 17:20
Energy Savings Through PIBCV Technology For Air
Handling Systems - Case Study
Tamas Szekely
Our Country’s Position In Energy Production
From Wave Energy
Emin Akyüz, M.Ziya Yakut, Reşat Selbaş,
Arzu Şencan Şahin, İhsan Dostuçok
17:20 - 17:40
Steam Compression and Adaptive
Two-Stage Cooling Cycle
Canan Cimşit, İlhan Tekin Öztürk
Evaluation of Fresnel Reflector and Collector
Application In Isparta
İhsan Dostuçok, Reşat Selbaş,
Arzu Şencan Şahin, Ahmet Özdemir, Fatih
Yılmaz
17:40 - 18:00
Effect of Control Systems In A Water Cooling System On Energy Efficiency
Bekir Cansevdi, Uğur Caner, Ali Güngör
Energy Analysis of Air Heating Sunlight Collectors
With Internal Perforated Barriers
Hakan F. Öztop, Fatih Bayrak
In Hall A, there will be simultaneous translation from Turkish to English and English to Turkish.
TTMD 2013
9
News
May 2, 2012 - Wednesday
HALL A
HALL B
09:00 - 10:40
Session-3A-1: Technical Session:
Indoor Air Quality and Comfort Condition
Chairman: Ali Güngör
Session-3B-1: Technical Session:
HVAC Systems and Equipment
Chairman: Abdullah Bilgin
09:00 - 09:20
The User In The Loop For Optimal Individual
Comfort and Reduced Energy Consumption
Wim Zeiler, Derek Vissers, Rik Maaijen,
Gert Boxem
What is New In DIN 1946-4 2008 Standarts?
Can İşbilen, Ummuhan Gencer, Lale Ulutepe
09:20 - 09:40
Numerical Analysis of Comfort Conditions In An
Office With Under Floor Heating
Özgün Korukçu, Muhsin Kılıç, Jianhua Fan
Hot Oil Systems
Veli Doğan
09:40 - 10:00
10:00 - 10:20
Analysis of Comfort Conditions In A Decisive
Evaporative Air Conditioning System
Wrong Facts In Relation To Seismic Protection
and Vibration Insulation In Pipelines
Eren Kalafat
İrfan Uçkan, Tuncay Yılmaz, Orhan
Büyükalaca, Ertaç Hürdoğan
Effects of Decorational Plants On Indoor Air
Quality
Hakan Şevik, İdil Kanter
Effects of New EuP Regulations On Turkish
Sanitary Industry
Çağlar Şakaklı, Derya Çuha
Thermodynamic Analysis of A Power Cycle Using
Above-Critical
Carbondioxide Under Water Heater Effect
Atilla Bıyıkoğlu, Reşit Yalçınkaya
10:20 - 10:40
10:40 - 10:55
10:55 - 12:40
10:55 - 11:40
Coffee Break
Session-3A-2: Technical Session: Renewable
Energy and Applications
Chairman: Hüseyin Erdem
“Holistic Approach To Energy Efficient Green Buildings”
Invited Speaker: Essam E. Khalil
11:40 - 12:00
Developing A Renewable Energy Selection Toolkit
For Istanbul ‘’The Istanbul Renewable Toolkit’’
Tuğba Salman Gürcan, Sofie Pelmakers
12:00 - 12:20
Sustainable Energy Use In The Building By Aquifer
Thermal Energy Storage
Halime Paksoy, Bekir Turgut
12:20 - 12:40
12:40 - 14:00
INTEGRATED DESIGN IN BUILDING WORKSHOP
DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES’ OVERVIEW OF
INTEGRATED DESIGN
Administrator: A. Zerrin Yılmaz, Süleyman
Akım,
Göksel Duyum
Speakers: A. Zerrin Yılmaz (BinSimDer-IBPSA),
Ayşe Hasol
(TSMD), Abdullah Bilgin (TTMD), Berrin Yavuz
(ETMD), Ömer Yalçın (Carrier System Design
Lunch
In Hall A, there will be simultaneous translation from Turkish to English and English to Turkish.
10
TTMD 2013
News
14:00 - 16:00
Session-3A-3: Technical Session:
Modelling and Softwares
Chairman: Bülent Yeşilata
14:00 - 14:20
Numerical Modeling of Air Flow Regimes Inside
Building Light Shafts
Ahmed A. Medhat A. Fahim
14:20 - 14:40
Numerical Investigations of Flow Patterns and
Thermal Comfort In Air-Conditioned Lecture Room
Taher M. Abou-Deif, Mahmoud A. Fouad,
Essam E. Khalil
14:40 - 15:00
Developing a Web Based Software For The
Calculation of Cooling Load For The Buildings In
Turkey
Azmi Aktacir, M. Akif Nacar, Bülent Yeşilata,
M. Emin Tenekeci, Burak Yenigün, Emrah Yaka
15:00 - 15:20
Adiabatic Humidification and Cooling As An
Alternative
Axel Zedina
15:20 - 15:40
Determining Conduction Time Series (CTS
Coefficients By An Analytical Approach For The
Calculation of The Looling Load For The Buildings
Burak Yenigün, Azmi Aktacir, Bülent Yeşilata,
Emrah Yaka
15:20 - 15:40
Adiabatic Humidification and Cooling As An
Alternative
Axel Zedina
INTEGRATED DESIGN IN BUILDING
WORKSHOP
14:00 - 14:50
INTEGRATED DESIGN AND PROBLEMS OF
DESIGNERS
15:10 – 16:00
SUGGESTIONS AND GOALS
15:40 - 16:00
Coffee Break
16:00 - 18:30
Forum: Future of HVAC Systems?
“Aqueous Systems, Full - Air Systems and DX Systems”
Director: Ahmet Arısoy
(Only registrated participants can attend to the Forum)
20:00
CLOSING DINNER- Kör Agop Restaurant, Kumkapı
Please ask Registration Desk For Tickets.
In Hall A, there will be simultaneous translation from Turkish to English and English to Turkish.
11
TTMD 2013
SPONSORSHIP A
SPONSORSHIP B
We are expressing our sincere gratitude for your valuable contribution.
News
TTMD
20 Years Of Age
Turkish Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineers was
founded by Mr. Celal OKUTAN and his friends in 1992
under the title of Associations of HVAC and Sanitary
Engineers to develop HVAC and Sanitary engineering,
and to earn the sector the respect it deserves. In
1997, the word “Turkish” was added to the title and
a significant step towards becoming a national
association was taken. The Association Economic
Enterprise was founded in 2003.
TTMD regulary holds an “International HVAC+R
Technology Symposium” once every two years, and
an annual workshop do discuss a selected topic
in detail, praticipates in national and international
fairs and symposia in the sector, and publicizies and
supports such activities. TTMD also publishes boks
for proffesional development, and a bimonthly journal
addressing the sector with the title “TTMD Journal”
(previously TTMD Bülteni for 35 issues). In addition,
an English issue is published annually to promote our
sector in an international level.
On the other hand, training programs and seminars
are held by our Regional Offices to improve the service
quality of our colleagues. Our society tries to faciliate
forming of bonds among our colleagues by bringing
them together in various platforms, in addition to
making a significant contribution to the sector by
improving the quality of on-the-job training, which is
among its purposes of foundation.
14
TTMD develops and supports R&D projects within
the framework of university-industry cooperation,
takes active part in the preparation of standarts
and regulations, cooperates with public bodies in
the preperation of regulations thus contributing
to their conformity with the norms, develops and
operates national and international projects (funded
by EU, FCO,etc.), and continues its publishing and
educational activities in the sector.
TTMD 2013
TTMD has become a member of ASHRAE (American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers) in 1997, of REHVA (Federation of European
Heating and Air Conditioning Associations) in 2000,
and of CLIMAMED (Joint Organization of HVAC&R
Associations of France, Italy,Portugal, Spain) in 2009.
The objectives of TTMD include; first and foremost,
contributing to the training and research of our
proffesional colleagues, fresh graduates, and students
willing to develop their skills in this profession
in application field; contributing the knowledge
and technology transfer; providing the necessary
communication and discussion opportunities;
contributing to the research undertaken in universities
and research centers concerning our sector; and
improving the university-industry cooperation.
Publication of “Manuals” containing correct and
contemporary information on the installation sector,
and the establishment of “Rules of Conduct” are
also among our main objectives. Keeping these
up-to-date is the responsibility of our dynamic and
concerned Committees and Commissions always
in operation. Contributing to the development of our
country as we do our proffesion, and in this context
creating healthy, safe, hygienic, comfortable, in a word,
livable environments in different buildings in which
people spend about 80-90% of thier times; generating
energy-efficient and environment-friendly solutions
using the opportunities offered by the nature; working
in coordination with other professional and expertise
groups.
News
TTMD Projects:
Green Jobs
TTMD’s Project “Training Youth
for Green Jobs” Completed
The “Project for Training and Ensuring the Employability
of Youth on Energy Efficiency in Buildings” (Training
Youth for Green Jobs) executed by Turkish Society of
HVAC and Sanitary Engineers between 01 December
2010 and 30 November 2011 under the European
Union’s “Youth Employment Promotion” Grant
Program has been successfully completed.
Under the project executed concurrently in Erzurum,
Kayseri and Samsun, very intensive project activities
including “Project Evaluation Meetings”, “Press
Conferences”, “Receipt and Evaluation of Trainee
Applications”, “Implementation of Theoretical and
Applied Training Programs”, “Energy Efficiency
Information Days” have been carried out as from 10
December 2010. The project activities continued with
“Energy Efficiency Awareness Week”, “Matching”
and “Certificate Award Ceremony” in the second,
third and fourth weeks, and finally the project was
concluded with evaluation and closing meetings held
in Ankara with the participation of Project Partners
and Participants.
Applications from the graduates of undergraduate
programs, vocational higher schools and vocational
secondary schools who have not been employed yet or
who have been employed but are not working currently
have been accepted for the training programs
organized under the project on a priority basis. A total
of 156 trainees, 52 from each province, participated in
the training programs, which covered such subjects
as heat insulation, heating and cooling systems, HVAC
systems, lighting systems, electrical equipment, solar
power, etc. The training programs provided most
current theoretical and applied technical information
fort he efficient use of energy. The programs particularly
covered the relevant legislation, labor safety,
entrepreneurship and business plan preparation for
the trainees who want to start their own businesses.
Besides the training programs, seminars and
information meetings were organized as part of
the activities intended to raise the level of public
awareness and knowledge about energy efficiency in
the provinces covered by the project. Furthermore,
visually designed stands were established in city
centers, and brochures and promotional materials
were distributed to local people. The trainees and
other specialists took part in the stands and answered
the questions of people and thus contributed to raising
the level of public awareness.
The project was implemented in full coherence with the
project partners including Erzurum Kazım Karabekir
Technical and Industrial Vocational Secondary
School, Kayseri Mimar Sinan Technical and Industrial
Vocational Secondary School and Samsun Atakum
Technical and Industrial Vocational Secondary School
as well as the officials and specialists from the project
participants who took active part in the theoretical and
applied training sessions, including İzocam Ticaret ve
Sanayi A.Ş., Testo Elektronik ve Test Ölçüm Cihazları
Dış Tic. Ltd. Şti. and Vaillant Isı Sanayi Ticaret Ltd. Şti.
152 out of 156 trainees (97.4%) who received 132 hours
of theoretical and 192 hours of applied training in their
respective fields of specialization succeeded in the
exams held at the end of training and received their
certificates in a ceremony. The successful trainees
were introduced to the employers active in this sector
through a matching activity, in order to contribute to
their employment. 36 trainees certificated following
the completion of theoretical and applied training
programs were placed to jobs.
A web page was created to introduce all activities
carried out under the project and the trainees who
participated in the training programs.
(http://www.proje.ttmd.org.tr).
TTMD 2013
15
News
Full Support to the Private Sector in Transition to
Low-Carbon Economics: Climate Platform
With the Climate Platform to be founded as part of
the “Development of Climate Change Initiative in the
Turkish Business World” project with the cooperation
of the Turkish Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineers
(TTMD) and the Regional Environmental Center
(REC), creation of a sustainable platform to improve
the lobbying and participation abilities of the Turkish
Business World in national and international levels
is aimed, as well as translation to Turkish of an
international training program to develop the capacity
of Turkish firms in the field of calculating greenhouse
gas emissions. Detailed information about the Climate
Platform can be found at www.iklimplatformu.org
The Concept of Sustainable Consumption and
Production (SCP) and the Project of SCP Turkey
The project team which includes, among others, the
Turkish Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineering
(TTMD) and the Technology Development Foundation
of Turkey (TTGV), which is one of the 4 national contact
points designated as part of the “Partnering to Enhance
Civil Society Organizations’ Contribution to Research
in Sustainable Consumption & Production” project,
which is supported by the 7th Framework Program
and run under the short title of CSOContribution2SCP
(Action Town), aims run a pilot project to publicize the
concept of SCP in Turkey, increase consciousness, and
improve the relations between the partners. Detailed
information can be found at www.scp-centre.org
HIP Work Continues under
HIP Project
16
One year has passed in the HIP Project, which is being
executed by 11 Institutes and SMEs from 6 countries
(UK, Ireland, Spain, Norway, Turkey), including Turkish
Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineers. Under the
project originally named “Project for development
of low-cost, lightweight highly insulating polymers
for refrigerated transport, heating and cooling
installations”, project progress is being supervised
TTMD 2013
through quarterly meetings. Under the project which
will develop a new class of high internal/natural-phase
emulsion-based polymer insulation material, although
some materials have been used in many applications,
materials that have never been used in circumstances
requiring high performance will also be used. In such
materials, it is possible to easily control porosity, pore
sizes, distribution and mechanical features. For these
reasons, calorific characteristics of the material can
be secured low-cost production processes. Within
the framework of the project to last 3 years, SMEs are
coming together under the sub-heading of Partnership
Research Projects for SMEs under the 7th Framework
Program, and executing the project with a budget
of Euro 2.6 million. The next meeting under the
project will be held in London and will be hosted by
TICA (Thermal Insulation Contractors Association).
Detailed information about Project HIP is available at
www.fp7-hip.eu.
News
Aqua Conserver
First Step Taken in Aqua Conserver Project
water treatment and heat recovery system that can
be commissioned following minor modifications, as
may requested by the citizens in the EU member and
candidate states, building on the concepts of energy
and water economy.
Turkish Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineers is
taking part in one more international project, following
the project “Training Youth for Green Jobs” which was
completed in 2011. The project inception meeting
titled “A novel and combined domestic grey water
treatment and heat recovery system suitable for cost
effective installation in 90% of European households:
AQUACONSERVER” was held in Istanbul on 05
January 2012 and was hosted by TTMD. The project
is supported under the 7th Framework Program of
the EU and includes TTMD as a member of project
consortium.”
The Project being executed by the UK Health and
Environment Research Institute (HERI) aims at
introducing, by mid-2014, a low-cost domestic grey
Twelve institutes, SMEs and NGOs including TTMD
(the UK Health and Environmental Research
Institute-HERI, The Environmental And Sustainable
Construction Association-EASCA, IGP srl, Logrotex SA,
Convex Electrical Ltd, Haswell Moulding Technologies
Ltd, Aqualisa Products Ltd, Tecniberia, Asociacion
Espanola De Empresas De Ingenieria, Consultoria Y
Servicios Tecnologicos-TECNIBERIA, Novamina Centar
Inovativnih Tehnologija Doo-NOVAMINA, Instituto
De Biologia Experimental E Tecnologica-IBET, Polska
Korporacja Techniki Sanitarnej, Grzewczej, Gazoweji I
Klimatyzacji-PKTSGGK), from 8 countries (Croatia, UK,
Ireland, Spain, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Turkey) have
come together for this project with a budget of Euro 1.9
million, which was accepted under the “Partnership/
Cooperation Projects for SMEs” component of the 7th
Framework Program that will last 3 years. Detailed
information about AquaConserver Project is available
at http://www.aquaconserver.eu/.
TTMD in Climamed Congress 2011
The congress took place in Casa de América, one of the
most prominent examples of Madrid’s architectural
heritage, under the auspices of Spanish Technical
Association of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
(ATECYR) with the participation of many engineers and
academicians from Spain, Italy, France and Turkey.
Turkish HVAC and Sanitary Engineers Society President
Gürkan Arı participated the opening speech on the first
day together with French HVAC and Sanitary Engineers
Society (AICVF) President Bertrand Montmoreau,
Italian HVAC and Sanitary Engineers Society (AICARR)
President Renato Lazzarin, Spanish Technical
Association of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
(ATECYR) President Juan Jose Quixano, Spanish Energy
Conservation and Energy Diversity Institute (IDAE)
TTMD 2013
17
News
President Alfonso Beltran and Climamed 2011 President
Julio Cano Lacunza. Gürkan Arı informed about Turkish
mechanical and HVAC sector and building energy
performance strategies in Turkey.
39 technical papers were presented on the topics such
as energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, indoor
air quality, energy performance assessment, etc. 10 of
these papers were presented by Turkish experts.
18
Turkey participated the Congress actively with nearly
40 participants and as a country with a high level
of participation had the second highest number of
paper submissions after host country Spain. The next
CLIMAMED Congress will be held in Turkey in 2013 to
be hosted by TTMD.
TTMD in ICHVAC-3
With the collaboration of United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP) and Turkish Society of HVAC and
Sanitary Engineers (TTMD), the Third International
Conference on Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
(ICHVAC-3)” was being held in Tehran, the capital of
Iran, on 24-26 May 2011. TTMD President Gürkan Arı and
Board Member Dr. Kemal Gani Bayraktar participated
the conference on behalf of our organization. Gürkan
TTMD 2013
Arı introduced TTMD and its activities and shared
information about HVAC Sector in Turkey at his opening
speech. Moreover, he summarized that how energy
efficiency and new regulations affect the development
of the sector by presenting data with examples.
TTMD Committee made contacts with Iran within the
scope of the conference, got together with Director of
School of Mechanical Engineering Sharif University
News
of Technology, Prof. Dr. Mohammad H. Saidi and got
informed about 6 departments in the school while
visiting research laboratories.
Different departments such as Biomechanics, Ocean
Engineering, Manufacturing and Production, Energy
Transformation, Applied Mechanics, Mechatronic
were examined and potential collaborations were
studied within the scope of the visit. The school has
40 different laboratories. Out of 1200 students, there
are 112 Phd students and 400 MSc students in the
school. The school has built strong connections
with the industry and 14 out of 43 personnel work
in department of Energy Transformation. Later in a
meeting with Energy Engineering School Director Prof.
Dr. Moustafa Sohrabpour and his team, information
about master’s and doctorate programs for System
Engineer, Environmental Engineers, Energy Engineers
and Nuclear Engineers was presented. The institutions
got to know each other and potential collaborations
were discussed.
Same day in the afternoon Sharif Energy Institute under
the direction of Prof. Dr. Yadollah Saboohi was visited.
The institute works especially on commercializing
new technologies and offers master’s and doctorate
programs. The institute who works in cooperation
with public institutions and with the industry focusing
on R&D, was introduced in a working meeting and
potential collaborations were discussed.
At the opening of the conference and the exhibition
where TTMD took part with a stand as well, Turkish
HVAC+R market was introduced with catalogs
and pamphlets that were handed out. Same day in
the afternoon a workshop called Energy Efficiency
Practices in Turkey was conducted and 3 presentations
were given to the conference participants by TTMD
committee. “Cogeneration and its Applications” by
Mr. Özay Kas, “Shopping Mall Application Model for
Heat Pump” and “Energy Efficiency in Buildings and
Passive Approaches” by Dr. Kemal Gani Bayraktar
were presented at the workshop. Our stand in the
exhibition hall was visited by our commercial attaché
Mr. Alper Çakıroğlu as well. 84 papers out of 148 had
been presented verbally and in written form at the
conference which took 3 days with participants more
than 450.
14 workshops were held as well as many technical
sessions at the conference. Main conference topics
were as follows:
1. New design criteria in HVAC&R
2. National codes and standards in HVAC&R
3. Industrial HVAC&R systems
4. New emerging technologies in HVAC&R systems
5. Indoor air quality and comfort conditions
6. Environmentally friendly air-conditioning, cooling
and refrigeration techniques
7. Energy optimization
TTMD committee got together with miscellaneous
NGO representatives in the evening of the first day of
the conference and evaluated sustainable potential for
collaboration in many aspects while indicating the first
possible steps.
TTMD 2013
19
Article
Sample Natural Ventilation
Application
Sarven Çilingiroğlu
Section 1. Development Of Design Strategy:
1. Meeting The System Requirements:
Two key factors affecting environmental performance
are taken into consideration in the design of Natural
Ventilation System.
- Ventilation to maintain indoor air quality at the
sufficient level
- Ventilation in addition to other systems reduces
the overheating tendency of buildings particularly
during summer months.
Natural ventilation strategy must be taken into
consideration while designing other systems as well.
While designing buildings, natural ventilation must be
taken into account. Factors to consider are;
- Sufficient acoustic environment: Natural
ventilation openings increase sound transmission
into indoor spaces from the exterior. Depending on
the position of the building, this may be a determining
factor. Furthermore, naturally ventilated buildings
involve excessive exposed concrete to enhance the
thermal capacity of the space. Such large areas must
be carefully designed to secure appropriate acoustic
environment.
- Smoke Control: Because smoke may follow
natural ventilation tracts, fire safety system must be
able to operate in an integrated manner with natural
ventilation system.
- Health and Safety: Most natural ventilation
openings will be positioned much higher from the
floor plane. Thus, rules of working at height will be
taken into consideration in detail.
1.1. Ventilation:
The primary objective of ventilation is to maintain
indoor air quality at a certain level by eliminating the
pollutants in the air or mitigating their impacts.
The guidance for ensuring necessary indoor air quality
is provided in Approved Document F. Ventilation above
the rates provided here is also possible. However, these
high values will change the perception of freshness and
lead to increased energy costs. Approved Document
F includes three strategies for sufficient indoor air
quality:
(a) Extract Ventilation: Indoor air is extracted for the
removal of pollutants, and is replaced by outdoor air .
(b) Whole Building Ventilation (supply and extract): It
ensures the dilution of other pollutants and mitigation
of their impacts.
(c) Purge Ventilation: It removes high-concentration
pollutants. This high concentration may, for example,
be after painting, modification works or due to release
of fuel as a result of accident. Purge ventilation is
slightly stronger than background ventilation. It
both reduces the quantity of high-level pollutants
and extracts heat from the setting. It also facilitates
thermal comfort during summer months.
The rate for whole building ventilation is given as 10
l/sec per person (in CIBSE Guide A and Approved
Document F). This rate has been determined in
consideration of the correlation between ventilation
quantity and health. Because naturally ventilated
buildings cannot ensure a fixed ventilation value, it
must be demonstrated that equivalent air quality is
secured. To this effect, it must be demonstrated that
indoor air quality secured by natural ventilation is the
same as indoor air quality secured by 10 l/sec/person
fixed ventilation. This calculation and measurement
must take into account the times when the building
is fully occupied. A similar calculation may also be
done for variable ventilation, which is similar to natural
ventilation. In both cases, threshold values for outdoor
CO2 concentration and building occupancy rates
must be taken equal. The natural method is selected
unless the CO2 rate obtained with natural ventilation is
higher than that obtained with mechanical ventilation.
Furthermore, the maximum concentration obtained
with natural ventilation must not exceed the maximum
equivalent value. Indoor air quality (IAQ) calculation
tool is provided in the appendix to demonstrate how to
make these calculations (See Figure 1.1).
TTMD 2013
21
Article
varies by the prevailing seasonal conditions and the
thermal comfort condition expectations of people in
the building.
By estimation, natural ventilation systems may meet
heat loads up to 30-40 W/m2. If climate change
reaches significant levels, this estimated value should
be reduced. Adaptation of people to climate changes
may keep this value unchanged. Usually, three main
factors are taken into consideration in design and
operation, to achieve acceptable summer conditions:
a- Excessive solar heat gain in indoor areas is
prevented through proper solar ray control.
b- Internal heat gains must be reduced to reasonable
levels. (from human, equipment, lighting)
c- During the hottest times in summer months,
indoor air temperature may exceed 250C.
But, in a well-designed building, temperature may
be reduced to tolerable levels through improved air
movement and chiller mean radiant temperatures.
1. 1. 1. Ventilation Control
If natural ventilation is to be applied in a system, the
system must allow for a level-controlled ventilation in
a certain range. This range may vary from 0.5 ACH (Air
Change per Hour) to 5 ACH. Furthermore, it must be
possible to fully close ventilation when the building is
empty. If people are the primary cause of air pollution,
in particular, ventilation may not be done when the
building is empty.
22
The system must be designed to prevent discomfort
due to draft particularly during winter months, in
addition to securing sufficient amount of ventilation.
In order to prevent this in offices in particular, air inlet
vents must be located 1.7 m above the floor.
1. 2. Control of Overheating During
Summer Months:
Overheating during summer months is the most
important factor affecting the feasibility of natural
ventilation. The cooling potential of natural ventilation
TTMD 2013
1. 2. 1. Solar Ray Control:
Upcoming CIBSE TM37: It will include detailed
information and guidance on improved solar control
design and solar control performance. Some measures
may be taken to reduce overheating to a certain level.
These include;
- Window size and direction: This factor relates to
the general organization of the building. Shading of
windows by surrounding buildings or other parts of the
building may reduce solar heat gain.
-
Painting, shading films and coating (for windows)
As a result of advancements in glass technology, solar
heat gain has been reduced through special coating
applications that do not impair sight but transmit only
the rays with certain wavelength.
- Jalousie: Interior, interplane or exterior installation
is possible.
- Projections, Side Wings, Shutters: Such solar
controls depend on direction, and may require different
types of control on each facade. Furthermore, they
affect building aesthetics substantially.
The performance of these different systems (individually
or collectively) may be quantified through effective
Article
total solar energy transmission or effective g- values.
This value is calculated by dividing the total solar heat
gain passing from window or shading elements during
hottest times, by solar gain passing from an opening
under the same conditions.
In addition to potential impacts of global warming,
other impacts may also lead to high indoor
temperatures. These impacts should also be taken
into account while designing natural ventilation. The
most important impact is the heat island effect created
through the unification of two cities as a result of the
expansion of cities. This particularly raises nighttime
temperatures. Consequently, it will be more difficult
to pre-cool buildings through nighttime ventilation.
Detailed information on heat island effect is available
in CIBSE Guide A.
1. 2. 2. Control of internal loads:
There are three important loads.
a- Load from humans
b- Load from lighting
c- Loads from equipment.
1. 2. 3. Comfort Expectations
While evaluating overheating, the most important step
is the determination of acceptable thermal comfort
conditions. Thermal comfort varies by the combination
of psychology and culture. Acceptable comfort
conditions vary by the activity carried out in the indoor
area, clothes of individuals, temperatures, air speed
and humidity.
and thus reducing mean radiant temperature.
Reduction of mean radiant temperature satisfies
comfort conditions even if air temperature rises in
the area. By increasing thermal capacity, the amount
of heat the building can store based on every one
degree mean radiant temperature increase, and thus
the capacity of the area to satisfy thermal comfort
conditions is enhanced. Figure 1.3 illustrates the
advantage of thermal mass. This figure shows the
impact of thermal mass and nighttime ventilation on
internal temperature. Temperature differences of up to
5K are observed between a building with light thermal
mass and no nighttime ventilation and a building with
nighttime ventilation and heavy thermal mass.
Naturally ventilated buildings reveal more variable air
temperature that buildings with normal ventilation. But
this does not necessarily imply less comfort. Perception
of comfort may be changed through increasing air
movement by help of wider openings during summer
months. However, excessive draft should be avoided
during this application. As illustrated in Figure 1.2,
an air flow of 0.25 m/sec, ensures a decline of 1K
in dry bulb temperature. These air speeds may be
applied only during summer months, but represent a
striking example to demonstrate the impacts of natural
ventilation.
23
Nighttime ventilation may be applied to increase
cooling benefit. This application is based on the
principle of ensuring pre-cooling of building using the
relatively low external temperature during nighttime.
TTMD 2013
Article
1. 3. Acoustic Performance
The presence of apparent external sound sources is the
factor that causes greatest difficulty in the application
of natural ventilation. There are two main solutions to
this issue:
- Vent holes are located on the side far from the
source of sound. If the source of sound is traffic, the
positioning of these openings on the side without
traffic would at the same time ensure clean natural air.
- Acoustic curtains may be added to ventilation openings.
For schools in particular, it is very important that a good
acoustic performance is secured together with natural
ventilation. BB93 includes recommendations for
ensuring acoustic performance together with natural
ventilation. Figure 1.4 demonstrates that ventilation
openings with acoustic protection could be integrated
with window ledge and circumferential heating.
consideration of cooling load that may increase due to
climate change or tenant preferences. The projection
to be made in this case should include the openings
to be left in the floor and ceiling to enable installation
of additional systems. The cost of additional flexibility
should be compared with the operating and installation
costs to be incurred by undue air-conditioning, and the
decision should be taken accordingly.
b) Zoned mixed-mode
This mode considers that different areas of the building
serve different purposes of use. Air-conditioning is
applied where it is actually needed. Heating and
ventilation is applied in areas with low heat gain. This type
of an approach is applied to building sections where fixed
heat loss and gain is expected throughout the building’s
lifetime. Such practices may lead to tension among users.
The users of two areas with different conditions may think
that other group of users have better conditions and may
resort to actions to claim their rights.
c) Changeover mixed-mode
This mode considers that the cooling load of each
area may differ seasonally. An example of this is the
mechanical ventilation used under very extreme
weather conditions (too hot or too cold). Under mild
weather conditions, natural ventilation is used. This
eliminates the draft effect during winter months.
Furthermore, it helps the pre-cooling of building with
nighttime ventilation.
24
1. 4. Natural Ventilation and Mixed-Mode
The above discussion addresses the conditions
required for application of natural ventilation in a
building. However, it is not compulsory to ventilate all
areas of a building with the same system. Different
strategies may be applied at different times for different
sections. This is called “mixed-mode” approach. This is
explained in CIBSE AM13 in detail. Various approaches
to mixed-mode are outlined below.
a) Contingency mixed-mode
This system is used if flexibility is needed in the
area. Such systems should be designed with due
TTMD 2013
d) Concurrent mixed-mode
It ensures concurrent operation of Mechanical and
Natural Ventilation. While the mechanical system
meets the fresh air need, opened windows or openings
help cooling for summer. Furthermore, mechanical
ventilation may be turned on for nighttime cooling,
and the security problem in natural ventilation may be
resolved. Under very hot weather conditions, energy
may be wasted as excessive natural ventilation would
provide unnecessary fresh air. Figure 1.5 presents a
superficial flow diagram for users to be used during
selection stage.
1.5. Starting with Design:
If natural ventilation is found to be feasible based on
the above discussions, a decision needs to be taken as
to whether this would be a single type or a mixed-mode
system. The next strategy is to proceed with design
concept. There are three key steps in the design stage.
Article
a) Modeling of air flow from inlets to outlets:
This model varies by the shape and organization of
the building. In addition, the purpose of use of the
building and ventilation, and the position of the land it
is located on are also effective. For example, is there is
a road with busy traffic on one side of the building, it
would be unreasonable to locate the air inlets on that
side. Air inlets should be located on the other side in
terms of pollution and air quality.
b) Basic drivers required to be analyzed for
obtaining the desired air flow model:
While many strategies take wind pressures into
consideration, some utilize temperature differences. In
some cases, fans may be used to assist these natural
forces; a good design should warrant that dominant
forces ensure the required flow.
c) Sizing of openings to obtain the desired air
flow rate and flow pattern:
This is performed in three stages.
1. Flow rates are calculated by taking into
consideration thermal comfort conditions and air
quality.
2. Openings are sized and positioned to ensure these
flow rates under design conditions.
3. A control system must be designed so that
the system runs automatically at various rates of
occupancy and weather conditions.
Start
No
Is max. heat
gain higher
than 30-40 W/m2?
Yes
IS it possible
to decrease it
below
30-40 W/m2?
No
No
Temporary
occupaucy?
mixed-mode
acceptable?
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Can capacity
effects balance temperature
and inlet air
quality oscllation?
Yes
Peak
season?
Yes
Narrow
building?
No
Is it possible to
decrease a trium
width below
15 m?
No
Zoned
mixed-mode?
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Is this space
facing exterior?
No
No
Noise and
contamination level
acceptable?
Mixed-mode
ventilation
Yes
Can people adjust
varying weather
conditation?
Necessary
to scrutinize
temperature?
±1K
No
No
Necessary
to scrutinize
relative humidity?
±10%
Yes
25
No
No
Yes
Yes
Is it necessary to
use humidification
winter months?
Yes
Natural
ventilation
Mechanical
ventilation
Mechanical
ventilation and
humidification
Comfort
cooling
Full
ventilation
Figure 1.5: Choice of ventilaiton strategy
TTMD 2013
Article
Section 2. Example Building - Tarsus Mall:
1) The mall we designed will be constructed in
Tarsus.
Total area of Mall: 63.180 m2
Area of parking lot: 23 380 m2
Sales areas: 27 750 m2
Total area of natural ventilation: 13.426 m2
Number of rooftop units used in atrium area
(single-fan) :4 units
Fresh Air Openings for Atrium: 2 m2 x 20 units = 40
m2 (Total)
The air enters the building from the south part of the
ground floor, passes through the 2 m. passage area
formed on the facade of the building, reaches the
atrium area, and then reaches Floor-1.
Dirty air is expelled through the openings on the roof
of Floor-1. There are food court areas on the west side
of Floor-1, and the air entering the building from the
facades reach these areas as well, due to negative
pressure in these areas.
It is projected that there will bee 2,750 people in the
Mall and small stores under worst conditions.
“2750 people x 36 m3/h/person (10 l/s) 100.000 m3/h”
fresh air is needed.
20 000 m3/h is needed by fast food areas. Thus, total
26
fresh air need amounts to 120,000 m3/h under worst
conditions. This need will be supplied through vent
holes from net inlet areas of 40 m2. Accordingly, entry
rates are as follows:
120 000 m3/h = 33,33 m3/sec
3600
V = 33,33 /40 m2 = 0,83 m/s.
TTMD 2013
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27
TTMD 2013
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Section 3. Building Simulation:
3. 1. Simulation Infrastructure:
The simulation model of Tarsus Mall has been prepared by taking as a basis plans and construction details.
Figure 3.1: Ground Floor Zones
28
Figure 3.2: Floor-1 Zones
TTMD 2013
The model for the performance evaluation of natural
ventilation system has been prepared using the program named <VE> Virtual Environment Version 6.0.
Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 show and name the zones
evaluated.
Article
3. 2 CO2 Levels Revealed by Simulation:
For the identification of fresh air quantities, the ambient CO2 concentration is taken as a reference.
According to ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, acceptable
outdoor CO2 concentration is between 300 ppm and
500 ppm. Indoor CO2 concentration cannot be more
than 700 ppm higher than outdoor air concentration.
Figure 3. 4 – Hours for different CO2 levels in the
Mall areas.
Figure 3.5 and Figure 3.6 show the hours passed above
a certain temperature value separately for stores and
mall areas. For example, for the section “0-shop North
east” 3,023 hours a year pass above 26 ºC, and 4 hours
pass above 26.5 ºC. This analysis takes as a basis the
period between 10:00 hrs and 22:00 hrs every day.
The outdoor concentration taken for simulation is maximum 500 ppm max. Indoor CO2 concentration is 500
+ 700 ppm = 1200 ppm.
CO2 levels are given in the figures below. Due to constraints in the modeling program, the outdoor CO2
concentration actually taken as 500 ppm was accepted
as 350 ppm. PPM (Parts Per Million) represents the
amount of particles per million. Due to this constraint
of the program, CO2 levels were written 150 ppm less
during modeling, and thus close-to-actual modeling of
the system was ensured.
Figure 3. 5: Hours passed above given temperatures
While evaluating CO2 levels, it should be considered
that actual levels would be 150 ppm higher.
Figure 3.3 and Figure 3.4 show the annual hours
passed higher than each CO2 level for the stores and
mall area. During this analysis, it was assumed that
the system operated from 10:00 hours till 22:00 hours
during all days of a year.
As mentioned above, actual CO2 values will be 150
ppm higher. For example, for the section “0-shop-north
east” in Figure 3.3, the CO2 concentration will be above
1250 ppm for 257 hours annually.
Figure 3. 3: Hours for different CO2 levels in stores.
Figure 3. 4 –Hours for different CO2 levels in the Mall areas.
Figure 3. 6: Hours passed above the given temperatures
between 23 ºC and 30 ºC
3. 4 Conclusion:
For the evaluation of the natural ventilation system
designed for the adjacent stores ventilated with the
natural air supplied from the mall section with the
help of the mall and air exhausts, a model was created
for Tarsus Mall for a given period of time taking into
consideration the pre-calculated heat loads at certain
critical points. The stores with ventilation balance
ensured only mechanically were evaluated indirectly
taking into consideration their impacts on the natural
ventilation system.
As discussed above, the system was revised to make
sure that the cooling coil loads for the stores and
corridors are the same as the values given by the
mechanical designer on 07 December 2009. The
thermostat set point for nighttime ventilation during
transitional seasons was reduced from 26 ºC to 20
ºC. When corridor temperature exceeds 20 ºC during
nighttime, dampers and luminaires will be opened
automatically. The clearance of dampers was raised to
40 m² from 30 m². The clearance value for luminaires
was not changed.
TTMD 2013
29
Article
As a result of revisions, the temperatures in stores
does not exceed 26 ºC in general. Thus, the system is
adequate to keep the temperature below this level.
months as well, as there is a decrease in air flow from
natural ventilation due to the decrease in temperature
difference.
In the mall area, temperature will exceed 26 ºC for 9001500 hours. This value is the same as the value before
revision. However, hours passed above 28 ºC was
reduced below 60-250 after revision and a significant
difference was obtained. High temperature ranges
were obtained usually when outdoor air temperature
is very high.
In the mall area, CO2 levels are usually lower than
1200 ppm, however this value is above 1200 ppm for a
period of 50 to 160 hours (shown as 1050 ppm + 150
ppm in the table). Because loads from humans reach
maximum level at the weekends, the CO2 concentration
also reaches maximum level.
In general, the CO2 levels in stores are below 1200
ppm. However, the CO2 level is above 1200 ppm for
400 to 1100 hours during the time the stores are open.
(calculated as 1050 ppm +150 ppm in the table). The
CO2 level declined by more than 10% after revisions.
CO2 level never exceeds 1600 ppm (calculated as
1450 ppm + 150 ppm). These concentrations reach
the highest value at the weekends, since the loads
originating from humans increase depending on the
rate of occupancy. Concentrations rise during summer
Section 4. Comparison Of Natural Ventilation
Systems And Classical System:
1. Initial Investment Costs:
30
TTMD 2013
In addition, given the fact that natural ventilation is
a very complicated process, it should be noted that
simulations involve uncertainties depending on the
behaviors of the people in the mall, even if they are
proven to be very close to actual. The wind speeds
taken as a reference in the simulations are the mean
wind speeds specified for that region. Different wind
speeds due to local conditions around the mall may
lead to different results. Overall, simulations provide
a sufficient reference for the evaluation of system
performance.
Article
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TTMD 2013
31
Article
Section 5: Conclusion
• Saving in an area where approximately
13,426 m2 is naturally ventilated:
INITIAL INVESTMENT: 160 000.-€
OPERATION: 60 000.-€ (6 months cooling, 2 months
heating)
Note: Transitional periods not taken into account.
There will be a saving to be secured by fans during
these periods.
For the implementation of such as system that ensures
saving from initial investment and operation costs,
the feasibility of the system should be tested through
simulation programs and it must be implemented of
feasible results are obtained.
REFERENCES:
(1) Natural ventilation in non-domestic buildings: AM
10: 2005 CIBSE
(2) Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality: ANSI/
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007
(3) SUSTAINABILITY ON BUILDINGS: APPROACHES
TO LIFETIME COST, Dr. İbrahim ÇAKMANUS,
Mechanical Engineer, MSc, Assoc. Prof. Türkan
GÖKSAL ÖZBALTA, Architect, MSc
(4) SIMULATION OF NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
(TARSUS SHOPPING CENTRE DECEMBER 2009,
GRONTMIJ
32
TTMD 2013
Sarven Çilingiroğlu
Mechanical Enginer, MSc (İ.T.Ü.)
He was born in 1963 in İstanbul. He graduated
from Getronagan High School in 1980 and
İ.T.Ü. Mechanical Engineering Faculty in 1984.
He started with graduate program the same
year at İ.T.Ü., and graduated from thee Energy
Department in 1987. He worked part-time at
HONEYWELL company for one year during
his graduate education. He completed an
internship program of two months at the YORK
INTERNATIONAL company in the UK to prepare
his thesis on heat pumps in 1986. He completed
his military service between 1987 and 1989.
He is currently the general manager of a firm that
produces mechanical installations designs and
provides supervision and consulting services.
He is married, with two children.
Article
Mechanical Installation
At Jewellery Businesses
Kuyumcukent
Kani Korkmaz
Abstract
Jewelry is the processing of precious metals and stones such as gold, silver and diamonds. During the
processing, providing comfort conditions, recovery and discharge of 2-5% precious metals loss as a result of
various production methods are significant works to be considered. In the example of Kuyumcukent, unique
design criteria of mechanical systems for different sized workshops are composed from local measures and
the outcome of operational results of the facility including deviations is presented. Critical points of the applied
systems in the new phase are indicated. However some data are excluded due to security restrictions.
Location: Istanbul, Yenibosna, Across the Atatürk Airport
Land Area: Kuyumcukent Total Area
: 165.000 m²
Total construction area
: 800.000 m²
1ST STAGE
: 250.000 m²
2ND STAGE
: 230.000 m²
3RD STAGE
: 320.000 m²
General Approach
In Istanbul, especially in the region which is known
as the historical peninsula and where Topkapı Palace,
Hagia Sophia, Grand Bazaar and Sultan Ahmed
Mosque are located, more than thousand small and
medium sized enterprises have produced precious
33
metals by hand-workmanship for centuries. In recent
years, high increase in production and use of new
chemicals have caused environmental and production
problems. Since businesses are not that organized, it
has been not sufficient to control and take technical
measures. The plan was to transform this business
TTMD 2013
Article
field with 30.000 employees into a new organized
field where job security, healthy work environment,
efficient production, environmental awareness
and energy-effectiveness are available. Under this
planning, gas emissions of existing buildings,
chemicals used by these buildings, their production
volumes, liquid wastes, metal losses, environmental
impacts and water, gas, electricity, heating and
cooling consumption rates were measured under the
management of Istanbul Technical University’s (İTÜ)
Department of Environmental Engineering. Then these
measurements were evaluated. It has been agreed to
make the new building in compliance with traditional
production method. Additionally, it has been aimed to
make mechanical solutions enable the improvement
of business.
Results of Measurement
• Damage of acidic-basic wastewaters to general
sewerage system, being out of condition in patches
and interference with ground waters and sea
waters.
• Environmental limit values of gas emissions are
higher than 200% in some cases.
• Damage to the historical buildings.
By considering these values, liquid wastes were
collected from each enterprise with 5 different lines.
Then they were connected to the following areas:
1. Acidic waters – to the balancing pond of treatment
unit
Results of Liquid Wastes Measurement
Production Units
Type of Wastewater
Amount
(l/kg Processed
Gold)
Amount
(m/day)
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34
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! "& ! " * Basic wastewaters originating from flue gas washing systems.
TTMD 2013
Article
2. Basic and cyanide water – to separate balancing
pond
3. Gypseous and detergent waters – to the lifting pond
4. Hand-washing and shower waters – to the mains
after recovery
5. Domestic wastewaters – directly to the mains
With this method, precious metals (gold, silver, etc.)
in melt state in chemical waters and in powder state
in cleaning waters have been recovered at 80%. By
means of continuous controls, liquid wastes under
the limit values of mains system were released to the
infrastructure.
Results of Gas Wastes Measurement
TABLE 1. Features of Wax Melting Furnace Stack
TABLE 2. Emission Measurements of Wax Melting Furnace
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TABLE 3. Measurement Results of Adjustment House Using
Electropotentiometrical Titration Method
Features of Fume Cupboard Stack
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TABLE 4 . Emission Measurement Results of Hydrochloric
Acid (HCI) Processing
Features of Fume Hood Stack
Exhaust System
Gas emissions at the workshops determine the
ventilation system. As an example to this statement,
features of wax melting furnace stack, emission values
of fume hood stack and measurement results of fume
cupboard stack are given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and
Table 4. Since it has been not possible to determine the
final production conditions of workshops, a diversity
factor was used again and a vertical channel line was
established for each exhaust. Vertical lines carry over
exhaust emission from fume hoods of acidic and basic
lines in the workshop separately, furnace lines carry
over exhaust emissions from furnaces and fume hoods
and ambience lines carry over the exhaust of general
atmosphere. Acidic, basic and furnace exhausts are
closed when they are not in use and therefore, the
workshops that are out of use or with no production
at that moment produce no emission. Exhaust fans
on the roof provide significant energy saving as
they have frequency inverter. Also, when required,
it prevents deviations in diversity factor. In order to
ensure chemical resistance in acidic and basic lines,
CTP lines will be used and furnace lines will be made
of black sheet for temperature resistance. The fans
installed on the roof of each vertical shaft will be made
of PVC. As a rule, treatment, filtration and washing
operations of gas emissions at the production unit of
each workshop will be made at the absorption unit at
the end of each fume hood, they will be processed by
using NaOH in acids and water in basics and will be
connected to main lines. However, it is assumed that
faults and failures may occur because of technical
reasons and users and therefore, exhaust airs
extracted from these lines are released from the top
end of penthouse. Also, necessary reservation areas
are created for central secondary treatments in case
the values which will be checked through continuous
measurements exceed environmental limit values. In
acidic and basic lines, condensations occur due to
temperature differences and emission concentrations.
These condensations are connected to the lines where
liquid wastes are collected, by placing drainage inlets
under the channels.
"%
"(
&% Emission Measurements
# !!% *! $ *
)'(*
# ! "
Heating - Cooling - Ventilation - Hvac
Average Conditions in Existing Buildings
Building Envelope:
Window U-value
4.5 W/ m²K
Wall U-value
1.5 W/ m²K
TTMD 2013
35
Article
Roof U-value
2.2 W/ m²K
Indoor temperature - heating season 16°-26°C
Indoor temperature - cooling season 28°-32°C (Split or
none)
Indoor Air quality: Axial fan and natural directly from
window.
Data of New Building
Window U-value
1.9 W/ m²K
Wall U-value
0.35 W/ m²K
Roof U-value
0.25 W/ m²K
Indoor temperature - heating season 20°C
Indoor temperature - cooling season 26°C
As a result of measurements and associated load
calculations, it is required to draw 2.290.000 m3/h of air
through 125 exhaust aspirators with full load. Drawing
such amount of exhaust (8 d/h) indicates the amount
of fresh air required to inflow for air balance. Inflowing
such amounts by conditioning will cause significant
energy consumptions, bigger devices will be required
and thus problems related to the shaft height will occur
accordingly. As it is known that such exhaust rates do
not always require, forcing air will be maintained in 3
stages at peak moments.
36
Figure 1. Principle Scheme of Fresh Air Facility
TTMD 2013
Air Handling Units
1) Supply of fresh air by means of cellular ventilation
and handling units with direct expansion, water-cooled
condenser, water heater battery and rotary heat recovery,
which also used the air from atmosphere besides acidic
and basic furnaces, WC, bath and kitchen.
These units will meet their heating requirement from
the boiler during the winter and meet their cooling
requirement from the DX battery during the summer,
cooling units will be placed on top of them and cooling
condenser water of scroll compressors will be met from
closed circuit cooling towers. Cooling units will be 407C
– 410A. Forcing air will be able to operate with 100%
outdoor air during transit seasons and in this case, the
air will directly release out the exhaust. When required,
it will be able to operate at night and proper outdoor
conditions and summer load inaction of the building will
be taken out. Total clean air rate of these units is 466.880
m3/h. Normally, this value is equal to 1.8 – 2.3 d/h air
change and 8-10 lt/s values. Fresh air is not exhausted
to the general volumes and therefore, workshops are left
under negative pressure. This occurs for two reasons:
*) Workshops prevent the release of precious metal powders.
*) Preventing the release of production gas in an uncontrolled
way.
Article
2) From ceiling or upright WSHP units,
These units will have outdoor air bleeding feature at 2025%, and there will be louver board and filter on outer
wall of each workshop to get fresh air. Heat pumps will
have filter, automatic balance kit, condensate drainage
connection, micro-processor based terminal box room
or channel type heat sensitive acoustic isolated fan
section and separated from compressor with acoustic
isolated panel, and with single cooling system on
units with lower than R410A or R407C gas and 15 kW
cooling and with double cooling system on units with
higher than foregoing values, and they will be able to
operate at water intake temperatures between -4 –
49 °C and air intake temperatures between +4,4°C –
+35°C, the fans of double circuit units will be speed
adjustable through fan engine and they will have EN
779-64 filter, automatically perform room temperature
and security control. Water intake-outlet temperatures:
30/37°C during cooling - 20/22°C during heating; air
intake temperature: 26°C during cooling, 21°C during
heating, and maximum 15°C of outlet temperature.
3) Outdoor direct air intake from forcing fans of doublewalled fume hoods used in production
Fume hoods will be double-walled. Forcing fan will also
operate when engine-driven dumper with plastic CTP
body on the suction channel and it will release air to the
inlet of fume hood from its outer wall. Users will be able
to check on the front section of furnace the heat recovery
and average winter temperate with electrical coil.
By this way, average minimum fresh air will be supplied
from the fresh air plant in case of unavailability of
acidic, basic and furnace emissions in the workshops.
Such amount will be sufficient to meet 8 lt/s of fresh air
need of 25 people. The air will be provided to each user
by means of CAV units at the entrance of workshops
and return air will be supplied from return channel of
ambient air. When exhaust line of furnace is opened,
WSHP fresh air suction dumber will be opened
automatically. When acidic-basic line is opened, outer
air fan will operate and feed fume hoods and furnaces
with direct outdoor air. The air WSHP units receive will
37
Figure 2. Principle Scheme of Standard Workshop
TTMD 2013
Article
be mixed with conditioned air from fresh air plant in
all cases. Fresh air plant will supply air at 25°C during
summer and 20°C during winter. WSHP units will
condition the room by recirculation of fresh air and
ambient air.
It is required to use micron filters both at suction of
re-circulated air and transforming ambient air into
fresh air. During the operations in jewelry business,
precious metals mix with powders, and they gather
round under culverts, channels, clothes and sheets
in significant amounts. Users pay high attention to
this issue and when they observe a powder leakage
to the mains, they close all culverts and cause the
failure of entire air balance. In addition to the filters, air
speeds must be evaluated carefully. The appropriate
speed at suction inlets is 0.5-1 m/s average.
In case it is required to recover extracted air and release
sufficient amount of air from existing boilers, WSHP
units in the workshop together with closed towers will
meet heating-cooling requirement of entire system
without needing any cooling group, by aiming the use of
38
TTMD 2013
system when the temperature in the condenser of fresh
air is appropriate and supplying heating battery load.
The availability of production load during winter and
transit seasons enables free cooling from closed towers.
In conclusion, besides improving comfort conditions
specified under the transformation of production, a
new structure where 54% of former business finance
is provided for producers has been introduced
without changing traditional production methods.