1. No category

BEST Research Institute
Dr Ed Loffill
CIWEM/IEMA University Innovations event
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Overview
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LJMU-Generic Information
BEST
Microwave Assisted Chemistry
Renewable Energy from Waste
Microwave Renewable Energy Projects
Sensing
– Water/Wastewater
– Healthcare/Food
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Liverpool John Moores University
- a major civic university
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Some Facts about LJMU
• Founded in 1825, LJMU has grown into one of the UK’s most
dynamic and progressive universities.
• The University is organised into 5 Faculties comprising 26
Academic Schools.
• LJMU is the 15th largest university in the UK with over
24,000 students in Liverpool/internationally plus 2,500 staff.
• LJMU has annual turnover of more than £110m per year.
• External research funding, from sources such as our
industrial partners, the Welcome Foundation and research
councils, EU, Government fund and Industry, has increased by
86 per cent since 2011-12
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
BEST-Research Institute
68 PhD
14 Post Docs
Since 2008-Present
• 42 PhD completion
• >$20M Research
income generated
• >500 publications
• > 10 Patents
http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/BLT/BEST/index.htm
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
BEST Research Landscape
• applied research
– closely linked to industrial requirements
• highly theoretical blue-skies research
• successful portfolio of KTP(Knowledge Transfer
Partnerships).
With key elements of
• Excellence & Innovation
• Niche and Uniqueness
• Sustainability
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Research-Impact
Social
Economics
Quality
Of
Life
Public Policy
services
IMPACT
Health
Cultural
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Environment
Riken, 15th May 2013
Research-Impact
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/
10312326/UK-researchers-win-patent-forwearable-smart-sensors.html
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
BEST Research Profile
RAE-2008
• 50% of our research activity was judged to be
“World Leading” in terms or originality, significance
and rigour (outputs, Environment, Impact).
• This has placed us within the top 5 UK
Universities.
• The Time Higher Education Table of Excellence, in
respect of the Post 1992 “New Universities” ranked
Liverpool John Moores University 1st for
Architecture and the Built Environment.
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
RAE 2008
• Outcome
Virtually all outputs were
assessed as at least
internationally recognised
with nearly 70% in the 3* and
4* categories
50% of the submitted department
showed evidence of good impact
and recognition and the remainder
was considered excellent or
outstanding
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
R&D, Enterprise Funds
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EU
Research Councils
Technology Strategy Board (TSB)
MoD
Directly from Industry
Royal Academy of Engineering
Royal Society
Carbon Trust
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
What we do…
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Microwave assisted chemistry
Niche renewable energy systems
Process optimisation
“Traditional” research studies
Radar and underwater radio communications
Wireless sensor networks
Sensor applications
Bespoke research… wide staff expertise!
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwaves and Their
Industrial Applications
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a
Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, Japan
15 May 2013
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
th
Riken, 15th May 2013
Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum
• Non-ionising, Good penetration, Selectivity, Relatively inexpensive, Good
versatility, Designs to suit application, Instantaneous measurements
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwaves
 - ra y s
WG4
X - ra y s
896 MHz
124mm
U ltra v oi el t
V si bi el
248mm
In fra re d
M ci row a v e s
1 GHz to 300 GHz
R a d oi
 
2
g
g 

1

 
 co
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
c
f
WG9A
2.45 GHz
86mm
43mm
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwaves Basics
Electric field
Magnetic field

TE10 Standing Waveform
Electric Field
Magnetic Field
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Cavity Resonators Modes
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
EM wave modes
E010
H111
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
H011
Riken, 15th May 2013
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Dielectric Properties
of Water
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwave chemistry
H ig h in te n sity
E -F ie ld
M icro w a v e p ro p a g a tio n
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwave chemical reactors
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2 Tube
Inlet
3
3
3
3
Outlet Tube
Fig 1: Schematic diagram of experimental Setup
Copper Mesh
2
2
2
3
3
3
FigOlga
2: Image
of the MW Mesh Cavity
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr
Korostynska
PTFE coils
Riken, 15th May 2013
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwave cw chemical
reactor
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Complete Multipurpose
Microwave Biofuel System
from Waste oil/fat, Biomass
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Biofuels: classification
Biomass
Direct
Indirect
Use by combustion
Use requires
processing first
Wood, straw, rice husks
Hydrolysis
Anaerobic digestion -> methane
Extraction
-> oils and fats
Modification , (chemical reaction) -> Biodiesel
Extraction -> sugars
SVO
Modification (fermentation)
-> Ethanol Butanol etc)
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Biomass Resource
Pathways
Feedstock
Processing
Hydrolysis
Acids, enzymes
Gasification
Feedstock
collection,
handling, and
preparation
High heat, low
oxygen
Digestion
Intermediates
Outputs
Sugars and
Lignin
Syngas
Biobased
chemicals
Biogas
Biobased
materials
Biocrude
Liquid biofuels
Carbon Rich
Chains
Electricity
Bacteria
Pyrolysis
Catalysis, heat,
pressure
Extraction
Mechanical,
chemical
Separation
Heat
Plant Products
Mechanical,
chemical
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Oils Used
• Catering Waste Solutions:
– Good Commercial Waste Oil
– Good Domestic Waste Oil
– Poor Overused Waste Oil
• New Vegetable Oil
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Conventional vs. Microwave
system
Methanol
Pump
Mixer
Oil + FFA
Decanter
Pump
“Clean” Oil
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
The future;
Technology overview
• Physical –
• optimise milling process
• Chemical –
• Microbial inert system
• No or little inhibitor formation
• New, developing and emerging technologies
• Biological –
• Development of fermentation methods and
organisms
Steam explosion
Ammonia fibre explosion
Liquid hot water
Supercritical carbon dioxide
Ozonolysis
Microwave plasma
Acid assisted steam explosion
Alkali assisted steam explosion
Hydrogen peroxide
• Product recover –
• Consolidate into upstream unit operation
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Delignification reactor
control
Microwave power
Temperature (media bulk)
0
Reactor vessel pressure
temperature&pressure
pH
Agitation
Gas phase input
Foam
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
FP7-SME-2008-1-232080
Riken, 15th May 2013
Novel Bio ethanol Production from
Brownfield waste
Microwave plasma frequency tuner
(Frequency will be chosen in function of
type of material, weight and temperature
to achieve in terms of yield of sugars)
Energy crops or/and
Cellulose waste
+
Alkali for higher yield if
necessary
Multi sensors, real time
interfacing and control the
process
Microwave plasma source
Microwave plasma reactor
On Line real time
monitoring
and
control the process.
After Treatment:
Sugar solution for production of ethanol
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Process integration
Raw materials
Distillation
0
0
Enzymatic
saccharification
Fermentation
0
Pre-soak
De-lignification and
remediation
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Biomass Resource
Pathways
Feedstock
Processing
Hydrolysis
Acids, enzymes
Gasification
Feedstock
collection,
handling, and
preparation
High heat, low
oxygen
Digestion
Intermediates
Outputs
Sugars and
Lignin
Syngas
Biobased
chemicals
Biogas
Biobased
materials
Biocrude
Liquid biofuels
Carbon Rich
Chains
Electricity
Bacteria
Pyrolysis
Catalysis, heat,
pressure
Extraction
Mechanical,
chemical
Separation
Heat
Plant Products
Mechanical,
chemical
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwave Plasma Setup
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Syngas Analysis
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Novel Gasification
Recycling of Waste into SynGas
SynGas
(CO, H2)
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwaves for sensing
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Non-ionising
Good penetration
Relatively inexpensive
Good versatility
– Designs to suit application
• We have developed many
different types of sensor
to suit different usage.
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Industrial opportunities
Healthcare
Food
industry
Wearable
sensors
APPLICATIONS
Structural
monitoring
Biofuels
Built
environment
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Water
industry
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwave sensors
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Measurement process
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Theory
A change in sample εr results
in shift of resonant frequency
f nml 
c
2
 r r
2
 p nm 
 l 





a
d




2
Sample
S11 (reflected power)
Port 1
1
Port
Input
power
Port 2
Pozar, D. M. 1998. Microwave Engineering 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0471170968.
S21 (transmitted power)
Microwave
Cavity
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Field interaction
TM010
TM210
TM310
TM220
Increasing frequency
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Measurement process
Sample (0.6 ml) in
quartz NMR tube
Port 2 (S21)
Microwave cavity
Port 1 (S11)
Vector Network
Analyser (VNA)
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Healthcare application
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Experimental setup
Sample (0.6 ml) in
quartz NMR tube
Microwave cavity
Vector Network
Analyser (VNA)
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Microwave spectrum
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Spinal fluid analysis
J. H. Goh, A. Mason, A. I. Al-Shamma’a, M. Field, and P. Browning, "Lactate Detection
Using Microwave Spectroscopy for In-Situ Medical Applications," International Journal
on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, vol. 4, pp. 338-352, September 2011.
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Cow blood
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Blood measurements
Physiological
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Supraphysiological
Riken, 15th May 2013
Novel sensors
In-line measurement, no cavity and good sensitivity.
A. Mason, A. Shaw, and A. Al-Shamma’a, "A Co-Planar Microwave Sensor for Biomedical Applications," Sensors and
Actuators: A Physical, DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2013.04.015, 2013.
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Wearable sensors
On-going work: Textile microwave sensors.
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Development…
Testing analyte in basic
background media; prove
principle.
Testing analyte in blood and “insitu” pushing proof of principle
further.
Consideration of how to
make “non-invasive” a
reality.
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Structural Monitoring
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Crack monitoring
Holder
Jaws
VNA
Aluminium
test plate
Sensor
Wooden
holder
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Corrosion monitoring
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Food quality
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Demonstration
Transmitter
Receiver
Analyser
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Real-time Water
Contamination Monitoring
Dr Olga Korostynska
EU Research Fellow
[email protected]
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Need for real-time water
quality monitoring
Acid rain
Industrial water pollution
discharged into river
Cows
leeching
phosphate
into ground
water
Polluted water source
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation
Project: 9050/9942
Real-time monitoring of nuclear
contamination of water through
sensors fusion
In collaboration with
Associate Professor Satoshi Ikezawa
(Waseda University)
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Need for real-time water
quality monitoring
Assessment: source waters, industrial waste and sewage treatment
plants, storm waters and runoff from urban and agricultural lands.
~70,000 known and emerging chemicals present in water resources.
Environmental water monitoring includes measurements of:
physical characteristics (e.g. pH, temperature, conductivity)
chemical parameters (e.g. oxygen, alkalinity, nitrogen and
phosphorus compounds)
assays of biological activity (alkaline phosphatase)
tests for toxins (microcystins)
direct measurements of pollutants (heavy metals or
hydrocarbons).
Real time detection by a continuous online water quality monitoring
platform is essential for preserving potable water resources.
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Phosphate and Nitrate
The Nitrogen cycle in nature
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
UV-Vis Optical Methods
Conceptual diagram of standard UV-Vis optical methods: a) Molybdenum blue method,
b) Vanadate / molydate yellow method
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Potentiometric detection
methods
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Fibre optic sensors
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
MEMs and Microelectrode
arrays
Micro-Electro Mechanical (MEMs)
Microelectrode Array Sensors: the major
advantages of these systems include the
ability to penetrate samples to perform
measurements, small tip size for in situ
measurements, array structure for higher
robustness, and possibility of multi-analyte
detection.
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Biosensors
Recording and
Display
Signal
processing
Amplifier
Transducer
Bioreceptor
Impurities
Target Analyte
Schematic diagram of a biosensor
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Multi-sensor real-time
water monitoring system
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Measuring water volume, in µl
0
-2
-4
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
S11, dBm
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
1.50x109
1.75x109
2.00x109
2.25x109
2.50x109
Frequency, Hz
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Measuring water volume, in µl
0
-2
-4
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
S11, dBm
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
2.00x109
2.25x109
2.50x109
2.75x109
3.00x109
Frequency, Hz
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Novel Microwave
sensors
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Comparing average values for pH 4, pH7 and
pH10 in 10 MHz – 1.5 GHz region
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Detecting NaCl
DIW
NaCl_0.01M
NaCl_0.1M
0
S11, dBm
-10
-20
-30
-40
0.0
5.0x108
1.0x109
1.5x109
2.0x109
2.5x109
Frequency, Hz
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Detecting NaCl
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Detecting MnCl
2
0
-2
-4
DIW
MnCl_0.1M
MnCl_1M
-6
S11, dBm
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
-22
-24
0
1x109
2x109
3x109
Frequency, Hz
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Detecting CuCl
DIW
CuCl_0.1M
CuCl_1M
2
0
-2
-4
S11, dBm
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
0.0
5.0x108
1.0x109
1.5x109
2.0x109
2.5x109
Frequency, Hz
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Unique Signature Spectra for each
composition and concentration
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Change in microwave spectra with
COD concentration, in µl
0.0
COD_24.6
COD_26.1
COD_54.7
S11, dBm
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
-2.5
1x109
2x109
3x109
4x109
5x109
6x109
Frequency, Hz
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Change in microwave spectra with
NO3 concentration, in µl
0
-5
S11, dBm
-10
NO3_31.8
NO3_32.4
NO3_56.6
NO3_72.5
-15
-20
-25
-30
7.0x109
8.0x109
9.0x109
1.0x1010
1.1x1010
Frequency, Hz
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Concept of water source management based
on real-time measurements of water
parameters
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Co-planar sensor built into main water supply
system for continuous water quality control
and source management
Main
metal
pipe
water
Test plastic
pipe with
water
Co-planar
sensor
SMA
connector
N-type cable
ZVA
PC for sensor data
processing and water
management
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Handheld real-time water
monitoring system
water sample to
be tested
General concept of handheld real-time water monitoring system
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013
Conclusions
• Microwave technique has a huge flexibility for
application in many areas.
• In terms of sensing, many advantages;
– Inexpensive, good penetration depth, non-ionising,
sensor structure flexible to suit application.
• Only touched the surface of what is possible
today however;
– Chemical processing
– Renewable energy
Professor Ahmed Al-Shamma’a, Dr Alex Mason and Dr Olga Korostynska
Riken, 15th May 2013