Installation aspects
Solström - Hvordan installere rett
Anne Andersson, SP solar energy group, Kristianssand June 18 2014
PV solar was the fastest growing green energy technology 2011-2012 , second fastest
2013, for electricity generation in the world! SP PV solar activities are growing
Anne Andersson
• Senior scientist at SP Measurement technology since December 1995
• Working with optical characterization of materials incl PV panel characterization
• Relevant work under my responsibility
– characterize light sources, UV, laser, sun and solar simulators
– calibrates detectors for most purposes, ex reference detectors for PV
– measurements on PV solar cells, efficacy, temperature dependence, materials for
energy efficacy, cover sheets and other materials involved in the panels
– Also solar thermal, absorption, emittance
– IEA PVPS task 13, IEC standardisation
CONTENT
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A SWEDISHSOLAR ENERGY TESTBED
PRICE LEVELS
PV SOLAR BUSINESS
PLANNING
PRODUCTS ON THE SWEDISH MARKET
STANDARDS
CE MARK
FIRE AND SNOW ISSUES
GROUNDING AND LIGHTNING
SECURITY SWITCHES
CERTIFIED INSTALLERS
SWEDISH LEGISLATION
Swedish testbed – a joint venture
Visit us on the web, on Linkedin and/or Twitter!
• www.sp.se/solenergi
• http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=6607201&trk=my_groups-b-grp-v
• @solartestbed
• #solartestbed
• #testbäddsol
The Swedish PV prices
The Swedish PV solar business - Den svenska solcellsbranschen
• 107 aktiva företag inom installation och
försäljning under 2013.
• Minst 11 nytillkomna under 2014.
• 14 företag har gått i konkurs eller dragit sig ur
branschen sedan 2010.
• 2 aktiva danska företag under 2013 och minst
två till på ingång under 2014.
Blekinge
4
Stockholm
22
Dalarna
4
Sörmland
2
Danmark
1
Uppland
4
Gotland
1
Värmland
2
Gävleborg
1
Västerbotten
1
Halland
9
Västernorrland
2
Jämtland
2
Västmanland
3
Jönköping
5
Västra Götaland
13
Kalmar
2
Örebro
5
Kronoberg
1
Östergötland
5
Norrbotten
1
Ospecifikt
3
Skåne
16
Providing PV systems incl installation
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24 V - Tollarp.
ABB - 1 MW och större system. Se även ABB Solar.
AddCleantech - Enköping
Air By Solar – Vetlanda
Alfa SolVind i Skåne - Torna Hällestad
AttempTare – Älvsjö
Bauhaus – enligt pressmeddelande 2013-03-06
Belo elektriska – Borlänge
Bixia - Linköping
Bråvalla Solteknik AB – Norrköping
Comne Work AB – Kristianstad
Dala Solel (El B-man) – Gagnef
Dala Värmesystem – Dala-Floda
Deson - Karlskoga
Din El – Göteborg. Se Miljö – Gör din egen el –
Solceller
Direct Energy – Stockholm
Ecoklimat Norden – Västerås
EcoKraft - Eskilstuna
Egen El – Stockholm
Ecoklimat Norden – Västerås
EcoKraft - Eskilstuna
Egen El – Stockholm
Egen Sol & Vind - Hurva
Ekologisk Energi – Vollsjö
Electrotec Energy – Varberg
Elverket Valltentuna AB - Vallentuna
Energiengagemang - Stallarholmen
Energiförbättring - Mölnlycke
E.ON – Malmö
ETV Energy – Sävedalen
Euro Sunpro – Södertälje
Fasadglas – Stockholm, Lund
Fortum - Stockholm
Futura Energi – Simrishamn
Providing PV systems incl installation
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Gari EcoPower – Malmö
GermanSolar – Hästveda
GFSOL - Linköping
Glacell – Ängelholm
Gridcon Solcellsteknik – Norrköping
Hallands Energiutveckling – Harplinge
Helio Solutions – Lund
Hesab - Sala
Herrljunga Elektriska AB – Herrljunga
JN Solar - Oviken
Järbo elcenter – Järbo
Kraftpojkarna - Västerås
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Kraftringen - Skåne
Kretsloppsenergi - Saltsjö Boo
Lightenergy - Bromma
Miljö & Energi Ansvar Sverige - Värmdö
Modern Energi – Nättraby
Mälarenergi - Västerås
NAPS Solel – Stockholm
Ninac Energi – Västra Frölunda
Norden Solar – Täby
Nordic Solar - Karlstad, Stockholm, Malmö
Nordisk System Teknik – Jönköping
Nossebro Energi – Nossebro
Providing PV systems incl installation
• nuenergi - Ängelholm, helägt dotterbolag till
Glacell, tar hand om privatkunder
• Nyedal Solenergi – Halmstad
• Orust Engineering – Henån
• Perpetuum Automobile – Finnängen
(Linköping)
• Plug in Electric Europe – Bromölla
• PMK Energy – Malmö
• Polygress Solution – Örebro
• Prolekta Gotland – Klintehamn, Burgsvik
• Scandsol - Helsingborg
• Skånevind och sol – Skurup
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Sol Eye - Kungälv, Hisings Backa
Solar Scandinavia – Tullinge
Solar Supply – Karlshamn
Solarit – Västerås
SolarOne – Tvååker
Solcellsbyggarna - Boxholm
Solcellsproffsen – Upplands-Bro
Solect Power – Vilshult
Solel Dalby – Dalby
Sol:El Konsulterna – Huddinge
Sol&Energiteknik – Huskvarna
Solenergi i Undrom
Providing PV systems incl installation
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Solenergi & Teknik i Åmål
Solensenergi - Höllviken
Solfångaren i Viby.
Solitek - Söderköping
Solortus - Gamleby
Suncellhouse - Göteborg
Svea Solar - Solna
Swedensol - Haninge
Ten star solar - Halmstad
Tildratech - Torna Hällestad
Upplands Energi – Björklinge
Vancos - Munka Ljungby
Vattenfall – Stockholm
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Veosol - Örebro
Volta Solar- Västra Frölunda
Warmec - Arvika
Westpro - Malmö
Windforce - Tidaholm
Windon - Väderstad
Åkerby Solnergi - Hjo
Öresundskraft - Helsingborg
Providers of PV systems &/or components
Don’t do installations, 21
• ABB – components no PV panels
• Awimex. – PV panels for caravans
• Axson Svenska Energisystem - Västra Frölunda.
– lights from PV
• Billjus.se. – PV panels
• BilleSol. – PV systems
• Celltech Energy Systems. -Utrustning för
batterilösningar, endast ej nätanslutet för
industriella applikationer.
• Clas Olhson. Moduler.
• CO2 Pro. Moduler etc.
• Comne Work AB. Solcellspaket.
• Conrad. Moduler etc.
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Delta Energy Systems. Solcellsystem.
Energi-Center Nordic. Moduler, växelriktare.
Effecta. Solcellspaket.
Elfa Distrelec. Moduler.
Egiva. Solcellspaket.
Elkatalogen. Ej nätanslutna system.
Elmco. Moduler och nätanslutna system för
hushåll.
Etec. Solcellspaket.
Euronom. Solcellspaket.
SW Exergon. Solcellspaket och lösa moduler (ej
nätanslutet).
EWEF Eco. Solcellsdrivan soptunnor.
Providers of PV systems &/or components
Don’t do installations,18
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Hjertmans båttillbehör. –PV s for boats
Husvagn – husbil. –PV systems for caravans
Innosund. –PV systems
Jollys. –PV for boats
KAMA Fritid. -PV for caravans
Kjell & Company. PV panels
Kraftringen. PV systems (Energy Company
owned by 4 Skåne Communitys- Eslöv, Hörby &
Lomma.
• Lego Elektronik – town Falkenberg. PV for small
cottages and cabins
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Ninac Energi. PB panels
Nordic SunPower. PB systems
PVIR. PV Panels and inverters
Risetrade. PV systems
Secuimport. PV for small cottages and cabins.
Sol & Energiteknik AB. PV systems
Rexel Energy Solutions. PV systems with ABB:s
Power One inverter
• Sharp Electronics Nordic. PV panles for system
installers.
• Solelia Greentech. – lending and selling charger
stations
• Solenergi i Undrom. –PV systems
Providers of PV systems &/or components
Don’t do installations,12
• Solarlab Sweden. -PV modules & systems
private persons
• Sol- & Vindenergi Gotland, Visby. Oklart om
företaget är aktivt, går tydligen inte att få
kontakt med (uppgift lämnad 2013-03-08).
• Solelia Greentech. –PV charging
• Solkraft – Solteknik. –PV panels
• Solortus. -PV systems
• Sunwind. -PV systems
• Svesol. -PV systems.
• Teknikhamstern. -PV systems.
• UPS-teknik. -PV systems
• Weland Stål AB. – PV panel holders
Solpanelsinfästning.
• Windforce - Tidaholm
• Windon -PV systems
PLANNING
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WHAT SUROUNDS THE BUILDING
EAST, SOUTH, WEST
SHADOWING
HOW IMPORTANT IS EFFICACY
Design – WHAT IS THE PURPOSE
BUDGET
ALL PV ARE IN SERIE - Imin = Imax
Service
Cooling
3 kWp - 21 m2
Max 3000 kWh/year on the west coast
of Sweden
Kl 1500 13 november 2013
Enquiry to Swedish companies
• Chinese panels dominates – also German and Polish and one type produced in Sweden
• Polycrystalline Si dominates but several offer also monocrystalline Si – there are also thin
film panels but a very small market share.
• Standard Panels are between 200 and 300 Wp with efficacy between 15 och 17 %
• 10 years warranty sometimes backed up with some sort of insurance if the provider goes
bancrupt
• All are tested according to IEC 61215 or. 61646 and IEC 61730-2 and fulfills the
construction demands in IEC 61730-1
• 2 certification schemes are mentioned TÜV and Kiwa. One mentiones all standards and
one uses CE.
Inverters on the Swedish market……………
• All inverters except one is European. Strong competition from new Chinese
products are expected in a few years.
• Three types of micro converters are also offered.
• 5 years are still (also 2010) standard warranty. Some have increased the time to 10
years.
• All products are said to be CE and are tested to fulfil the demands in the 3 most
common standards for inverters.
• Often like for panels there are no relevant information on certification for the
inverters.
All components shall have CE mark, meaning*Responsible provider guaranties it is safe and not dangerous for your
health and that it doesn’t produce any electromagnetic disturbances
*There shall also be advices in your language how to use the product
*The responsible installer guaranties that all components all have CE
mark and that they are correctly installed
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Ingående komponenter i en solelanläggning ska alltid vara CE-märkta
•Den som är ansvarig för produkten intygar att den uppfyller krav som rör
säkerhet och elektromagnetiska störningar
•Tydliga installations-och bruksanvisningar på svenska är också ett krav i
CE-märkningen
•Ansvarig för (El-) installationen verifierar att komponenterna i systemet är
CE märkta och att de är installerade som avsett
Some notes
New buildings will have to be adjusted to fit with solar installations in the future
Owners of public houses are inventing their buildings to see were solar fits in
Net owner need to know about installations
All electrical installations can cause fire. Not a bid issue. Fire brigades need to know
that there is an installation that might need to be disconnected.
Installation on roofs sometimes asbets – same rules applies as for all building work
Snow or cleaning doesn’t seam to be any big issue in Sweden. The short time there is
snow the radiation is also very low. And rain also seam to be enough for cleaning
panels.
Safety and quality in the electricity network
• Get the system from someone you trust – ask for references
• Final connection always with certified electrician
• Construction, components, equipment, documentation and mounting shall be done
according to high power regulation in Sweden(ELSÄK-FS) and the smaller system to
the net according to Swedish regulations (AMP) and EN, SEN, IEC standards. Are
there any contradiction between them they shall be used in written order.
• A protection against over voltage shall always be used
• There are demands on stability on both voltage and frequency
Snow
Snow can be a problem
- Är snö ett problem förutom att det minskar produktionen?
AC-produktion 2013 (5 028 kWh / 1048 kWh/kWt)
kWh
800
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300
200
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0
jan
feb
mar
apr
maj
jun
jul
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sep
okt
nov
dec
4,8 kW i norra Hälsingland
Snow – energy production
42 kWt on a west oriented roof in Ålidehem in Umeå, winter 2012-2013. - panel Yingli YL240PT-29b - 240 W
One Snow load solution
IBC FrameFix, ca 250 kr
Mechanical system issues
• There are aluminum systems that are certified for PV installation on the market
• They shall be installed with min 15 cm air gap to avoid over heating
• On flat roof there can be loads holding the mounting system in place
• wind loads to know how many clips one need
• Panels are large and a bit heavy to handle. Easy to scratch or hit so they get minor
injuries.
• Also in transport panels can be injured
• micro cracks can after some time be hot spots that will destroy the panel
Grounding –
Jordning vad skall jordas?
All installation that can be of danger for
person or house shall be grounded
Everything that can be voltage connected
if something goes wrong in the system
Anläggningar som kan bli en fara för
mäniskor eller egendom.
Allt som kan tänkas bli spänningsförande
vid ett fel på en anläggningen.
If lightning – big area is potentially a risk
Vid åska så är anläggningen en stor yta
som kan fånga upp elektriska laddningar
som förs in i huset via AC matningen, Det
kan vara bra att även jorda med ett
jordtag.
Security switch AC DC – Lightning
Säkerhetsbrytare AC DC
Åska
security switch shall be able to be locked
Säkerhetsbrytaren skall vara möjlig att låsa.
security switch shall be on both DC and AC
sides of the installation
Skall finnas både på AC och DC sidan av
anläggningen.
The security switch shall withstand a
transient from lightning in the vicinity
Säkerhetsbrytaren skall klara en transient från
ett åsknedslag i närområdet.
The order you connect disconnect the
system
Vilken brytare tar man först?
Täckning av solpanel ”farlig spänning”
1.
Turn on the DC switch for each inverter
Slå på DC-brytaren för varje växelriktare.
2. Turn on main switch on the AC side plus
AC switches
Slå till eventuell huvudbrytare på AC- sidan
samt respektive växelriktares AC- brytare.
Disconnection in opposite order
För att inte skada kontakter och DC- brytaren kan
solpanelen täckas med presenningar.
To avoid damaged switches on the DC side
cover the panels.
Vid bortkoppling och vid arbete på anläggningen görs
You have to tell the net owner that you will
install a power system
The meter need to be correct to be able to
be able to get money for the kWh you put
into the net
Sometimes the meter need to be
reprogrammed to measure export
Anmälan innan idrifttagning
Elmätare
Measurement of electricity an example - Mätarkonfiguration – exempel kund med solcell
Konfigurering
Matande nät
Belastning/
genering
1 kW/fas
Förbrukning
Produktion
1) Netto
1 kW
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2) Imp/exp
Fassumma först
1 kW
0 kW
3) Imp/exp
+/- uppdeln. först
2 kW
1 kW
4) Backspärr Fassumma
först
1 kW
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5) Backspärr
Spärr på varje fas
2 kW
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6) Absolut
3 kW
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Mark the central that there is a PV
system
Märkning av central
El centralen där solcellsanläggningen har
sin inmatning, skall märkas med att det
kan förekomma bakspänning.
!
VARNING
DUBBEL MATNING
ETT SOLCELLSSYSTEM ÄR KOPPLAT TILL
DENNA BYGGNAD
ISOLERA BÅDE HUVUDMATNING OCH
SOLCELLSSYSTEM INNAN ARBETE PÅBÖRJAS I
HUVUDCENTRALEN
it is volentary to be certified installer in EU
Frivillig certifiering –gemensam för EU-länderna
• Certifiering av installatörer av
småskaliga förnybara
anläggningar
• Certifieringen är gemensam för
EU-länderna.
• Förnybartdirektivet, 2009/28/EG.
Why be certified? - From an installer company perspective
Varför ska man certifiera sig? - ur ett företagsperspektiv
• Proof on competence – selling argument
• Information on the advantage on authorities websites media
• Bevis på kompetens - säljargument
• Informationsspridning om fördelen med certifierade installatörer via myndigheter and media
• En ”annonsplats” på myndigheternas hemsidor
Legislation in Sweden
• Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning, BOVERKET
• Swedish Laws and Regulations are implementing the 2002/91/EG Directive on the energy
performance of buildings. The overall purposes of the directive are to decrease the European
need to import energy and to decrease the carbon dioxide emission from buildings
• BOVERKET have Publications on demands on installers and on the ones that will certify
installers
• Law from Dec 31, 2012 ” Law about certification of certain installers” – PV solar is one but not
yet implemented
• Swedish Energy Agency has published what sort of entities that they think need certified
installers:
– Systems in ordinary houses max heat need 20 kW
• Swedish Energy Agency informs about the advantages using certified installers
• In Sweden no-one have yet been accredited to certify installers
• I guess ”some people” are waiting for SP to take the initiative
WE CREATE VALUE IN COLLABORATION
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME
Examples of projects at the moment…..
• VINNOVA and local - Swedish Testbed (SP, 3 universities, Glava Energy
Center, Swemodul + 2 large installers – all in cooperation
• Swedish Energy Agency – PV solar electricity for farmers
• Swedish Energy Agency – Innovative production method.
• Swedish Energy Agency – IEA PVPS Task 13 Reliability of PV solar
• IEC TC 82 PV solar
• Swedish Energy Agency - Demonstration of PV solar site on one farm
• Swedish Energy Agency finances - Solar Era net –European cooperation
for innovative enhanced properties of cover glass for PV modules.
Started 1 May 2014.
• SP – TIME transparent intelligence