Anne Andersson
Installation aspects Solström - Hvordan installere rett Anne Andersson, SP solar energy group, Kristianssand June 18 2014 PV solar was the fastest growing green energy technology 2011-2012 , second fastest 2013, for electricity generation in the world! SP PV solar activities are growing Anne Andersson • Senior scientist at SP Measurement technology since December 1995 • Working with optical characterization of materials incl PV panel characterization • Relevant work under my responsibility – characterize light sources, UV, laser, sun and solar simulators – calibrates detectors for most purposes, ex reference detectors for PV – measurements on PV solar cells, efficacy, temperature dependence, materials for energy efficacy, cover sheets and other materials involved in the panels – Also solar thermal, absorption, emittance – IEA PVPS task 13, IEC standardisation CONTENT • • • • • • • • • • • • A SWEDISHSOLAR ENERGY TESTBED PRICE LEVELS PV SOLAR BUSINESS PLANNING PRODUCTS ON THE SWEDISH MARKET STANDARDS CE MARK FIRE AND SNOW ISSUES GROUNDING AND LIGHTNING SECURITY SWITCHES CERTIFIED INSTALLERS SWEDISH LEGISLATION Swedish testbed – a joint venture Visit us on the web, on Linkedin and/or Twitter! • www.sp.se/solenergi • http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=6607201&trk=my_groups-b-grp-v • @solartestbed • #solartestbed • #testbäddsol The Swedish PV prices The Swedish PV solar business - Den svenska solcellsbranschen • 107 aktiva företag inom installation och försäljning under 2013. • Minst 11 nytillkomna under 2014. • 14 företag har gått i konkurs eller dragit sig ur branschen sedan 2010. • 2 aktiva danska företag under 2013 och minst två till på ingång under 2014. Blekinge 4 Stockholm 22 Dalarna 4 Sörmland 2 Danmark 1 Uppland 4 Gotland 1 Värmland 2 Gävleborg 1 Västerbotten 1 Halland 9 Västernorrland 2 Jämtland 2 Västmanland 3 Jönköping 5 Västra Götaland 13 Kalmar 2 Örebro 5 Kronoberg 1 Östergötland 5 Norrbotten 1 Ospecifikt 3 Skåne 16 Providing PV systems incl installation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 24 V - Tollarp. ABB - 1 MW och större system. Se även ABB Solar. AddCleantech - Enköping Air By Solar – Vetlanda Alfa SolVind i Skåne - Torna Hällestad AttempTare – Älvsjö Bauhaus – enligt pressmeddelande 2013-03-06 Belo elektriska – Borlänge Bixia - Linköping Bråvalla Solteknik AB – Norrköping Comne Work AB – Kristianstad Dala Solel (El B-man) – Gagnef Dala Värmesystem – Dala-Floda Deson - Karlskoga Din El – Göteborg. Se Miljö – Gör din egen el – Solceller Direct Energy – Stockholm Ecoklimat Norden – Västerås EcoKraft - Eskilstuna Egen El – Stockholm Ecoklimat Norden – Västerås EcoKraft - Eskilstuna Egen El – Stockholm Egen Sol & Vind - Hurva Ekologisk Energi – Vollsjö Electrotec Energy – Varberg Elverket Valltentuna AB - Vallentuna Energiengagemang - Stallarholmen Energiförbättring - Mölnlycke E.ON – Malmö ETV Energy – Sävedalen Euro Sunpro – Södertälje Fasadglas – Stockholm, Lund Fortum - Stockholm Futura Energi – Simrishamn Providing PV systems incl installation • • • • • • • • • • • • Gari EcoPower – Malmö GermanSolar – Hästveda GFSOL - Linköping Glacell – Ängelholm Gridcon Solcellsteknik – Norrköping Hallands Energiutveckling – Harplinge Helio Solutions – Lund Hesab - Sala Herrljunga Elektriska AB – Herrljunga JN Solar - Oviken Järbo elcenter – Järbo Kraftpojkarna - Västerås • • • • • • • • • • • • Kraftringen - Skåne Kretsloppsenergi - Saltsjö Boo Lightenergy - Bromma Miljö & Energi Ansvar Sverige - Värmdö Modern Energi – Nättraby Mälarenergi - Västerås NAPS Solel – Stockholm Ninac Energi – Västra Frölunda Norden Solar – Täby Nordic Solar - Karlstad, Stockholm, Malmö Nordisk System Teknik – Jönköping Nossebro Energi – Nossebro Providing PV systems incl installation • nuenergi - Ängelholm, helägt dotterbolag till Glacell, tar hand om privatkunder • Nyedal Solenergi – Halmstad • Orust Engineering – Henån • Perpetuum Automobile – Finnängen (Linköping) • Plug in Electric Europe – Bromölla • PMK Energy – Malmö • Polygress Solution – Örebro • Prolekta Gotland – Klintehamn, Burgsvik • Scandsol - Helsingborg • Skånevind och sol – Skurup • • • • • • • • • • • • Sol Eye - Kungälv, Hisings Backa Solar Scandinavia – Tullinge Solar Supply – Karlshamn Solarit – Västerås SolarOne – Tvååker Solcellsbyggarna - Boxholm Solcellsproffsen – Upplands-Bro Solect Power – Vilshult Solel Dalby – Dalby Sol:El Konsulterna – Huddinge Sol&Energiteknik – Huskvarna Solenergi i Undrom Providing PV systems incl installation • • • • • • • • • • • • • Solenergi & Teknik i Åmål Solensenergi - Höllviken Solfångaren i Viby. Solitek - Söderköping Solortus - Gamleby Suncellhouse - Göteborg Svea Solar - Solna Swedensol - Haninge Ten star solar - Halmstad Tildratech - Torna Hällestad Upplands Energi – Björklinge Vancos - Munka Ljungby Vattenfall – Stockholm • • • • • • • • Veosol - Örebro Volta Solar- Västra Frölunda Warmec - Arvika Westpro - Malmö Windforce - Tidaholm Windon - Väderstad Åkerby Solnergi - Hjo Öresundskraft - Helsingborg Providers of PV systems &/or components Don’t do installations, 21 • ABB – components no PV panels • Awimex. – PV panels for caravans • Axson Svenska Energisystem - Västra Frölunda. – lights from PV • Billjus.se. – PV panels • BilleSol. – PV systems • Celltech Energy Systems. -Utrustning för batterilösningar, endast ej nätanslutet för industriella applikationer. • Clas Olhson. Moduler. • CO2 Pro. Moduler etc. • Comne Work AB. Solcellspaket. • Conrad. Moduler etc. • • • • • • • • • • • Delta Energy Systems. Solcellsystem. Energi-Center Nordic. Moduler, växelriktare. Effecta. Solcellspaket. Elfa Distrelec. Moduler. Egiva. Solcellspaket. Elkatalogen. Ej nätanslutna system. Elmco. Moduler och nätanslutna system för hushåll. Etec. Solcellspaket. Euronom. Solcellspaket. SW Exergon. Solcellspaket och lösa moduler (ej nätanslutet). EWEF Eco. Solcellsdrivan soptunnor. Providers of PV systems &/or components Don’t do installations,18 • • • • • • • Hjertmans båttillbehör. –PV s for boats Husvagn – husbil. –PV systems for caravans Innosund. –PV systems Jollys. –PV for boats KAMA Fritid. -PV for caravans Kjell & Company. PV panels Kraftringen. PV systems (Energy Company owned by 4 Skåne Communitys- Eslöv, Hörby & Lomma. • Lego Elektronik – town Falkenberg. PV for small cottages and cabins • • • • • • • Ninac Energi. PB panels Nordic SunPower. PB systems PVIR. PV Panels and inverters Risetrade. PV systems Secuimport. PV for small cottages and cabins. Sol & Energiteknik AB. PV systems Rexel Energy Solutions. PV systems with ABB:s Power One inverter • Sharp Electronics Nordic. PV panles for system installers. • Solelia Greentech. – lending and selling charger stations • Solenergi i Undrom. –PV systems Providers of PV systems &/or components Don’t do installations,12 • Solarlab Sweden. -PV modules & systems private persons • Sol- & Vindenergi Gotland, Visby. Oklart om företaget är aktivt, går tydligen inte att få kontakt med (uppgift lämnad 2013-03-08). • Solelia Greentech. –PV charging • Solkraft – Solteknik. –PV panels • Solortus. -PV systems • Sunwind. -PV systems • Svesol. -PV systems. • Teknikhamstern. -PV systems. • UPS-teknik. -PV systems • Weland Stål AB. – PV panel holders Solpanelsinfästning. • Windforce - Tidaholm • Windon -PV systems PLANNING • • • • • • • • • WHAT SUROUNDS THE BUILDING EAST, SOUTH, WEST SHADOWING HOW IMPORTANT IS EFFICACY Design – WHAT IS THE PURPOSE BUDGET ALL PV ARE IN SERIE - Imin = Imax Service Cooling 3 kWp - 21 m2 Max 3000 kWh/year on the west coast of Sweden Kl 1500 13 november 2013 Enquiry to Swedish companies • Chinese panels dominates – also German and Polish and one type produced in Sweden • Polycrystalline Si dominates but several offer also monocrystalline Si – there are also thin film panels but a very small market share. • Standard Panels are between 200 and 300 Wp with efficacy between 15 och 17 % • 10 years warranty sometimes backed up with some sort of insurance if the provider goes bancrupt • All are tested according to IEC 61215 or. 61646 and IEC 61730-2 and fulfills the construction demands in IEC 61730-1 • 2 certification schemes are mentioned TÜV and Kiwa. One mentiones all standards and one uses CE. Inverters on the Swedish market…………… • All inverters except one is European. Strong competition from new Chinese products are expected in a few years. • Three types of micro converters are also offered. • 5 years are still (also 2010) standard warranty. Some have increased the time to 10 years. • All products are said to be CE and are tested to fulfil the demands in the 3 most common standards for inverters. • Often like for panels there are no relevant information on certification for the inverters. All components shall have CE mark, meaning*Responsible provider guaranties it is safe and not dangerous for your health and that it doesn’t produce any electromagnetic disturbances *There shall also be advices in your language how to use the product *The responsible installer guaranties that all components all have CE mark and that they are correctly installed * Ingående komponenter i en solelanläggning ska alltid vara CE-märkta •Den som är ansvarig för produkten intygar att den uppfyller krav som rör säkerhet och elektromagnetiska störningar •Tydliga installations-och bruksanvisningar på svenska är också ett krav i CE-märkningen •Ansvarig för (El-) installationen verifierar att komponenterna i systemet är CE märkta och att de är installerade som avsett Some notes New buildings will have to be adjusted to fit with solar installations in the future Owners of public houses are inventing their buildings to see were solar fits in Net owner need to know about installations All electrical installations can cause fire. Not a bid issue. Fire brigades need to know that there is an installation that might need to be disconnected. Installation on roofs sometimes asbets – same rules applies as for all building work Snow or cleaning doesn’t seam to be any big issue in Sweden. The short time there is snow the radiation is also very low. And rain also seam to be enough for cleaning panels. Safety and quality in the electricity network • Get the system from someone you trust – ask for references • Final connection always with certified electrician • Construction, components, equipment, documentation and mounting shall be done according to high power regulation in Sweden(ELSÄK-FS) and the smaller system to the net according to Swedish regulations (AMP) and EN, SEN, IEC standards. Are there any contradiction between them they shall be used in written order. • A protection against over voltage shall always be used • There are demands on stability on both voltage and frequency Snow Snow can be a problem - Är snö ett problem förutom att det minskar produktionen? AC-produktion 2013 (5 028 kWh / 1048 kWh/kWt) kWh 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 jan feb mar apr maj jun jul aug sep okt nov dec 4,8 kW i norra Hälsingland Snow – energy production 42 kWt on a west oriented roof in Ålidehem in Umeå, winter 2012-2013. - panel Yingli YL240PT-29b - 240 W One Snow load solution IBC FrameFix, ca 250 kr Mechanical system issues • There are aluminum systems that are certified for PV installation on the market • They shall be installed with min 15 cm air gap to avoid over heating • On flat roof there can be loads holding the mounting system in place • wind loads to know how many clips one need • Panels are large and a bit heavy to handle. Easy to scratch or hit so they get minor injuries. • Also in transport panels can be injured • micro cracks can after some time be hot spots that will destroy the panel Grounding – Jordning vad skall jordas? All installation that can be of danger for person or house shall be grounded Everything that can be voltage connected if something goes wrong in the system Anläggningar som kan bli en fara för mäniskor eller egendom. Allt som kan tänkas bli spänningsförande vid ett fel på en anläggningen. If lightning – big area is potentially a risk Vid åska så är anläggningen en stor yta som kan fånga upp elektriska laddningar som förs in i huset via AC matningen, Det kan vara bra att även jorda med ett jordtag. Security switch AC DC – Lightning Säkerhetsbrytare AC DC Åska security switch shall be able to be locked Säkerhetsbrytaren skall vara möjlig att låsa. security switch shall be on both DC and AC sides of the installation Skall finnas både på AC och DC sidan av anläggningen. The security switch shall withstand a transient from lightning in the vicinity Säkerhetsbrytaren skall klara en transient från ett åsknedslag i närområdet. The order you connect disconnect the system Vilken brytare tar man först? Täckning av solpanel ”farlig spänning” 1. Turn on the DC switch for each inverter Slå på DC-brytaren för varje växelriktare. 2. Turn on main switch on the AC side plus AC switches Slå till eventuell huvudbrytare på AC- sidan samt respektive växelriktares AC- brytare. Disconnection in opposite order För att inte skada kontakter och DC- brytaren kan solpanelen täckas med presenningar. To avoid damaged switches on the DC side cover the panels. Vid bortkoppling och vid arbete på anläggningen görs You have to tell the net owner that you will install a power system The meter need to be correct to be able to be able to get money for the kWh you put into the net Sometimes the meter need to be reprogrammed to measure export Anmälan innan idrifttagning Elmätare Measurement of electricity an example - Mätarkonfiguration – exempel kund med solcell Konfigurering Matande nät Belastning/ genering 1 kW/fas Förbrukning Produktion 1) Netto 1 kW - 2) Imp/exp Fassumma först 1 kW 0 kW 3) Imp/exp +/- uppdeln. först 2 kW 1 kW 4) Backspärr Fassumma först 1 kW - 5) Backspärr Spärr på varje fas 2 kW - 6) Absolut 3 kW - Mark the central that there is a PV system Märkning av central El centralen där solcellsanläggningen har sin inmatning, skall märkas med att det kan förekomma bakspänning. ! VARNING DUBBEL MATNING ETT SOLCELLSSYSTEM ÄR KOPPLAT TILL DENNA BYGGNAD ISOLERA BÅDE HUVUDMATNING OCH SOLCELLSSYSTEM INNAN ARBETE PÅBÖRJAS I HUVUDCENTRALEN it is volentary to be certified installer in EU Frivillig certifiering –gemensam för EU-länderna • Certifiering av installatörer av småskaliga förnybara anläggningar • Certifieringen är gemensam för EU-länderna. • Förnybartdirektivet, 2009/28/EG. Why be certified? - From an installer company perspective Varför ska man certifiera sig? - ur ett företagsperspektiv • Proof on competence – selling argument • Information on the advantage on authorities websites media • Bevis på kompetens - säljargument • Informationsspridning om fördelen med certifierade installatörer via myndigheter and media • En ”annonsplats” på myndigheternas hemsidor Legislation in Sweden • Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning, BOVERKET • Swedish Laws and Regulations are implementing the 2002/91/EG Directive on the energy performance of buildings. The overall purposes of the directive are to decrease the European need to import energy and to decrease the carbon dioxide emission from buildings • BOVERKET have Publications on demands on installers and on the ones that will certify installers • Law from Dec 31, 2012 ” Law about certification of certain installers” – PV solar is one but not yet implemented • Swedish Energy Agency has published what sort of entities that they think need certified installers: – Systems in ordinary houses max heat need 20 kW • Swedish Energy Agency informs about the advantages using certified installers • In Sweden no-one have yet been accredited to certify installers • I guess ”some people” are waiting for SP to take the initiative WE CREATE VALUE IN COLLABORATION THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME Examples of projects at the moment….. • VINNOVA and local - Swedish Testbed (SP, 3 universities, Glava Energy Center, Swemodul + 2 large installers – all in cooperation • Swedish Energy Agency – PV solar electricity for farmers • Swedish Energy Agency – Innovative production method. • Swedish Energy Agency – IEA PVPS Task 13 Reliability of PV solar • IEC TC 82 PV solar • Swedish Energy Agency - Demonstration of PV solar site on one farm • Swedish Energy Agency finances - Solar Era net –European cooperation for innovative enhanced properties of cover glass for PV modules. Started 1 May 2014. • SP – TIME transparent intelligence
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