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HOUSTON FORENSIC SCIENCE CENTER
HEALTH AND SAFETY MANUAL
Revised: June/July 2014
Effective: July 25, 2014
Uncontrolled Copy When Printed
Issued By: Health & Safety Committee
HFSC-HS-HSM-2014.2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 – SAFETY PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................................................... 3
SECTION 2 – INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................................. 3
SECTION 3 – SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES ......................................................................................................................... 4
SECTION 4 – HEALTH AND WELLNESS .............................................................................................................................. 7
SECTION 5 – ON-THE-JOB INJURIES AND ACCIDENTS ................................................................................................... 7
SECTION 6 – FIRST AID ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
SECTION 7 – SAFETY INSPECTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 10
SECTION 8 – OFFICE AND LABORATORY SAFETY......................................................................................................... 11
SECTION 9 – CONFINED SPACE SAFETY ........................................................................................................................ 12
SECTION 10 – VENTILATION HOODS ............................................................................................................................... 13
SECTION 11 – INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS ............................................................................................ 14
SECTION 12 – GENERAL FIREARMS HANDLING SAFETY ............................................................................................. 15
SECTION 13 – LABORATORY GLASSWARE AND SHARPS HAZARDS .......................................................................... 15
SECTION 14 – BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION.................................................................................... 16
SECTION 15 – PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND CHEMICAL EXPOSURE ..................................................................... 17
SECTION 16 – RECEIPT, STORAGE, RETURN, AND DISPOSAL OF BIO-EVIDENCE ................................................... 19
SECTION 17 – EXPOSURE TO INFECTIOUS BIOHAZARDS ............................................................................................ 19
SECTION 18 – CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN ....................................................................................................................... 20
SECTION 19 – HAZARDOUS MATERIALS HANDLING AND LABELING .......................................................................... 21
SECTION 20 – HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS - STORAGE/DISPOSAL ................................................................................ 22
SECTION 21 – HAZARDOUS GASES/COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS/CRYOGENS .................................................. 26
SECTION 22 – FIRE SAFETY AND EVACUATION PROCEDURES .................................................................................. 29
SECTION 23 – FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................................... 31
SECTION 24 – DIGITAL FORENSICS ................................................................................................................................. 32
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34
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SECTION 1 – SAFETY PHILOSOPHY
The following are the philosophy and principles that govern all decisions regarding safety in the Houston Forensic Science
Center (HFSC).
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Safety in the HFSC is of paramount importance.
Management and personnel are responsible for preventing injuries.
Staff members are the key to a safe and injury-free work environment.
Training personnel to work safely is essential.
Working safely is a condition of employment.
Safety audits are essential.
Deficiencies must be corrected promptly.
An effective safety program should reduce accidents, injuries, and health problems. The benefits include a more pleasant
work environment, healthier personnel, fewer accidents, and in the long run, increased efficiency and professionalism in
the HFSC.
SECTION 2 – INTRODUCTION
The Health and Safety Manual provides established minimal practices for HFSC personnel to use in implementing and
maintaining the health and safety program. These guidelines should serve as a reference and a constant reminder of the
need to work safely. It must be understood that these guidelines are not all-inclusive and additions may be necessary to
tailor them to a specific procedure used in the various sections of the HFSC. Section specific information may be found in
sectional standard operating procedures (SOPs) or sectional training manuals.
Safety Program Objectives:
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To promote and maintain the well-being of HFSC personnel by the prevention of occupational accidents, injuries,
and illnesses.
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To identify and eliminate hazards that may endanger the health and safety of personnel.
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To reduce workplace interruptions and delays brought about by accidents.
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To develop safety conscious personnel through their proactive participation in the safety program.
The HFSC’s Health and Safety Committee (HSC) is comprised of the Health and Safety Specialist, appointed by the
HFSC President and CEO or designee, one section manager, if possible, and HFSC safety representatives from the
HFSC sections and/or the administrative staff that support these sections. The HSC reports to the HFSC President and
CEO or designee. The Health and Safety Specialist will designate someone to act as Health and Safety Specialist when
out of the facility for any significant period of time during normal business hours. The Health and Safety Specialist will
ensure that this person has access to all relevant forms and documents to carry out those duties.
As used in this manual, “HFSC staff member” or “HFSC personnel” refer to individuals employed and/or managed by
Houston Forensic Science Center. Civilian and Classified employees of the City of Houston are included as well as “new
hires,” individuals hired directly by the corporation. A new hire is neither a Civilian nor a Classified employee. HFSC
personnel working in offices, laboratories, and/or facilities that are located either within the 1200 Travis building and/or at
an offsite facility to include the Vehicle Examination Building and the Digital Forensics section are subject to the guidelines
and policies within this manual unless specified otherwise. In addition, when personnel are conducting HFSC business or
performing their duties at a location not controlled by the HFSC such as at a crime scene, staff members are to conduct
their business in a safe manner that is in accordance with the applicable guidelines set forth in this manual. HFSC
personnel are expected to adhere to state and local traffic laws when using HFSC vehicles to travel between HFSC
facilities and offsite locations.
All HFSC personnel are expected to conduct all operations and procedures in a safe and prudent manner in order to
maintain a safe and healthy environment in the HFSC and in offsite situations. All HFSC personnel have the responsibility
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to comply with the safety program, to take the necessary precautions to protect themselves and others, and to
immediately bring any potential health hazards and safety concerns to the attention of their supervisor, including observed
unsafe dress, conduct, or actions by staff members within the HFSC.
The current HFSC Health and Safety Manual and other safety related documents are posted in the Document Control
section of the Quality Management System (QMS) on the LIMS. Sections that do not have access to the QMS will have
an electronic copy of these documents made available to them by the Health and Safety Specialist. It is the responsibility
of all HFSC personnel to ensure that they are accessing the most current version of the Health and Safety Manual.
SECTION 3 – SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES
The HFSC President and CEO or designee is responsible for the overall safety program. The Health and Safety
Committee is responsible for evaluating HFSC occupational safety and health practices. These guidelines are in
compliance with the City of Houston (COH) Administrative Procedure 2-21.
HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMITTEE
The Health and Safety Committee members shall conduct meetings at least four times a year or whenever necessary as
determined by the Health and Safety Specialist. Meeting minutes to include attendance and the agenda will be retained by
the Health and Safety Specialist according to the HFSC records retention schedule. The Health and Safety Committee
should review accident reports and requests for change in existing safety and wellness practices, and make
recommendations to the HFSC President and CEO or designee that would improve the health and safety program.
1. The Health and Safety Committee is responsible for developing and maintaining the Health and Safety Manual.
2. The Health and Safety Committee is responsible for the annual safety inspection of the HFSC in accordance with
the HFSC Health and Safety Manual. Additional safety inspections may be conducted by the Health and Safety
Committee. The safety inspection date(s) shall be announced to HFSC personnel.
3. The annual safety inspection report shall be submitted to the HFSC President and CEO or designee. A copy of
the annual safety report and records of the HFSC safety inspections will be maintained by the Health and Safety
Specialist and is available to HFSC personnel upon request.
4. The Health and Safety Committee is responsible for updating and maintaining reference materials on the hazards,
safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the HFSC including, but not limited to,
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs).
5. The Health and Safety Committee and/or the Health and Safety Specialist may periodically organize Health and
Safety training session(s) for HFSC personnel.
6. Attendance and successful completion of these training sessions will be documented and retained by the Director
of Human Resources or other designee. The Health and Safety Committee and/or the Health and Safety
Specialist will notify HFSC personnel of continued education and training sessions in the various topics which the
Health and Safety Specialist and/or Committee deems necessary. Requests for training in specific topics, or
areas of concern/interest, should be made in writing to any member of the Health and Safety Committee by any
personnel.
7. Health and Safety Committee representatives are responsible for ensuring that First Aid Kit supplies, protective
equipment, and safety equipment in their areas are kept current and readily accessible. Representatives must
notify the Health and Safety Specialist if additional supplies are needed or if safety equipment requires
replacement or relocation. Requests for safety equipment and supplies will be made to the HFSC President and
CEO or designee for approval.
8. The Health and Safety Committee will ensure that each accident they are made aware of or observe is reported.
The Health and Safety Specialist will ensure that each accident is investigated and will retain copies of accident
and near-miss reports.
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9. The section safety representatives will inform the Health and Safety Specialist of deviations from the health and
safety program and report unsafe work conditions or practices.
FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS
First-line supervisors are those managers, supervisors, or other designated personnel to whom staff members directly
report to. They will be referred to as “supervisors” herein. Maintaining a safe and accident free workplace should be a
primary objective of all section supervisors. They have the responsibility to apply, monitor, and enforce safe work
practices, procedures, policies, and health and safety rules. Supervisors should report accidents, medical emergencies,
and changes or deviations from safety procedures to the section manager. Each section manager should periodically
review and update their safety procedures and establish safety guidelines that are unique to their section.
As a minimum guide, supervisors will ensure that personnel are:
1. Given access to current versions of the HFSC Health and Safety Manual and other safety related documents.
2. Aware of, or have access to, information on the proper use of the fire extinguishers, fire blankets, chemical burn
kits, blood-borne pathogen emergency response kits, first aid kits, emergency shower and eye wash stations.
3. Informed of, or have access to, information on the location of reference materials such as the SDSs, which may
include the following:
a. Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) for OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposure limits where
there is no applicable OSHA standard
b. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in their section
c.
Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical; e.g.,
vent hood air flow monitoring, visual appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals when being released, etc.
4. Aware of the location and use of specialized equipment for handling chemical and/or biological spills, where
applicable.
5. Trained on the existing and potential hazards associated with the tasks they perform, the safe use of instruments
and equipment, and how to best protect themselves and others.
6. Issued or have access to personal protective equipment (PPEs).
The requirements listed above shall be completed prior to new hires working in the laboratory environment.
Each supervisor has the responsibility to be aware of the work habits of all staff members as well as the work area
conditions to ensure that a safe work environment is maintained. A supervisor is required to take immediate and
corrective action in response to any unsafe act or condition. Supervisors are responsible for investigating the facts and
circumstances surrounding accidents to include completion of mandatory forms. Supervisors will complete near-miss
reports and report near-miss events to his/her supervisor and the Health and Safety Specialist.
PERSONNEL
All personnel must:
1. Read the HFSC Health and Safety Manual and be thoroughly familiar with and adhere to the safety guidelines.
2. Learn the safety and health hazards associated with the chemicals, techniques, and equipment stored and used
in their work area and how to prevent exposure to those hazards.
3. Make accident prevention and awareness an ongoing priority.
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4. Be alert to unsafe conditions and actions and report them to their immediate supervisor and the Health and Safety
Specialist.
5. Report all accidents and medical emergencies immediately to their supervisor, section safety representative, and
the Health and Safety Specialist.
6. Knowing the types and location of protective equipment available, and using the proper type for each procedure.
If the proper PPE is not immediately available, inform the supervisor and obtain the proper PPE before beginning
work.
7. Being familiar with emergency procedures, including knowledge of the location and use of emergency equipment
in their work area or section such as fire extinguishers, fire blankets, chemical burn kits, blood-borne pathogen
emergency response kits, first aid kits, and emergency shower and eyewash stations, as well as how to obtain
additional help in an emergency.
8. Be aware of the location and use of specialized equipment for handling spills of chemicals and/or biological
material.
9. Participate in safety training.
10. Maintain all safety equipment and items in proper working condition.
11. Notify their section safety representative of expired or depleted safety equipment or first aid supplies.
12. Periodically review health and safety guidelines and implement changes.
It is the staff member’s responsibility to handle hazardous substances in a safe and responsible manner. If any person,
procedure, physical limitation, equipment limitation or other problem prevents the staff member from working safely, they
should advise the following people in the following order until the problem is corrected: their supervisor and/or section lab
manager, the Health and Safety Specialist, the HFSC President and CEO or designee, followed by the Texas Department
of Health, if appropriate.
Health and Safety Training:
All new hires must view the required health and safety materials required during his/her orientation period and read the
following:
1. HFSC Health and Safety Manual
2. City of Houston-Houston Police Department (COH-HPD) Fire Safety Plan for 1200 Travis, where applicable
3. HFSC Evacuation Plan, Fire Alarm Procedure, and Safety Maps, as appropriate to the staff member’s work
location
4. All other health and safety documentation required in the HFSC Orientation Agenda
Safety posters displayed throughout the HFSC may include but are not limited to:
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Heart Attacks and Strokes
Diabetic Emergencies
Seizures
Allergic Reactions
Asthma Attacks
Choking
Back Safety
The Health and Safety Specialist should provide a brief overview of the health and safety program to new hires including:
1. Emergency phone numbers
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Accident or injury reporting procedures
Fire alarm/drill procedures
Evacuation procedures
Locations of the Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)
Each section’s safety representative or other designee will provide new hires in their section a walk-thru of all safety
stations, equipment, and emergency exits in their assigned section and issue safety equipment. A list of the Health and
Safety Committee members and fire wardens and other important safety documents are posted in the QMS or provided
electronically to staff members as necessary.
SECTION 4 – HEALTH AND WELLNESS
The Health and Safety Committee recommends that each staff member submit to an annual physical screening
conducted by the staff member’s private physician or medical facility. It is strongly recommended by the Health and Safety
Committee that every staff member have a screening test performed for the presence of the AIDS antibody through
his/her own personal physician or medical facility. This is helpful for treating physicians or medical facilities to have a
complete patient history in the event of accidental exposure to infectious agents including HIV.
It is also strongly recommended by the Health and Safety Committee that, where the incidence is high for exposure to the
Hepatitis-B virus, each non-immune staff member voluntarily receives immunizations. These immunizations will be
offered to all new hires and to personnel who choose to obtain a titer and/or revaccination due to an unknown or a
significant lapse in time since their last Hepatitis B vaccinations. A record of the dates the shots were administered is kept
by Human Resources in the staff member’s confidential medical file. Human Resources will inform the Health and Safety
Specialist of completion. The following will be provided at the HFSC’s expense:
Vaccines and or boosters:
Blood testing:
Hepatitis B
Heavy Metal (Lead, Arsenic, and Mercury)
Information regarding the availability of other vaccines and/or boosters offered will be disseminated to all HFSC
personnel. Additional vaccines may be provided to specific sections where the risk of exposure to other infectious
diseases is high.
SECTION 5 – ON-THE-JOB INJURIES AND ACCIDENTS
All on-the job injuries or accidents and any occupational illness must be reported as soon as possible to the staff
member’s immediate supervisor and/or manager, section safety representative and/or the Health and Safety Specialist or
HR Generalist. If the injury is significant and cannot be adequately addressed with basic first aid, the injured staff member
is urged to seek medical attention. If the injury or accident is life-threatening or the injured staff member is unconscious,
emergency help shall be sought by calling 9-1-1 (if necessary, the number is to be prefaced by “9” for an outside line.)
The individual making the call should be prepared to provide information to emergency personnel about the injured staff
member and the nature of the injury or accident. If the injured staff member suspects exposure to infectious disease or
bio-hazardous material, the staff member is strongly urged to pursue testing to determine exposure and treatment, if
necessary.
If the injured staff member is a Civilian employee of the City of Houston managed by HFSC, the supervisor can find the
City of Houston Supervisor’s Accident Packet as well as instructions for completing it on the City of Houston website
under “Workers Compensation.” In this situation, the supervisor, or any individual holding a position of authority, who
becomes aware of an on-the-job injury or an occupational disease, regardless of the source, has an affirmative obligation
to report it within 24 hours, 24 hours a day, seven days a week (including holidays). A copy of the Supervisor’s Accident
Packet may be printed from the City of Houston website, and the supervisor is expected to report such injury directly to
the City’s third-party administrator within the 24-hour time frame by calling 1-866-678-1748.
If the injured staff member is an employee of HFSC, on-the job injury packets may be obtained from the Houston Forensic
Science website or from the HR Generalist. Instructions for completion will be provided with the on-duty injury packet.
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The supervisor is expected to report to the HR Generalist/HR Director within 24-hours of the occurrence of injury or report
of occupational illness. The member of Human Resources receiving the report will contact the third party administrator.
Each on-the-job injury or occupational illness packet shall be completed thoroughly under the direction of the supervisor
reporting the accident or occupational illness. Original copies are to be provided to the HFSC Director of Human
Resources within 48 hours of the supervisor’s receiving the report of injury or illness, or as soon possible thereafter, but
no longer than 72 hours after making the appropriate required report. Human Resources will provide copies to the City
of Houston’s Administrative Coordinator as appropriate.
Significant or catastrophic events (i.e. serious injury, death) impacting a Classified Officer of the City of Houston managed
by HFSC shall be reported per HPD policy. Such events impacting Civilian employees of the City of Houston managed by
HFSC shall be reported via the Safety and Workers Compensation Hotline at 832-393-SAFE (832-393-7233). Significant
or catastrophic events impacting any staff member group managed by HFSC, including Civilians, Classified Officers and
HFSC employees are to be reported to Human Resources at 713-929-6763 or 713-929-6762 Monday – Friday, 8:30 am
until 5:00 pm. At other times, reports should be made by contacting the HR Director at 832-993-0145. (If necessary, the
telephone numbers referenced are to be prefaced by “9” for an outside line.)
Non-injury accidents are accidents in which damage can occur to property, materials, or the environment, but does not
result in an injury (i.e. a staff member slipping and knocking over and breaking glassware, but he/she does not fall; an
unsecured gas cylinder falls causing damage to the cylinder and nearby equipment or furniture). Non-injury accidents
should be reported to the staff member’s supervisor and/or the Health and Safety committee representative. The staff
member involved or who first observed the accident or their supervisor should complete a report regarding the incident
and submit it to the section manager who should review and forward it to the Health and Safety Specialist. These reports
should be discussed during the Health and Safety Committee meetings and a recommendation made to the section
manager and HFSC President and CEO or designee so that action can be taken in an effort to prevent future accidents.
An accidental discharge of a weapon must be reported to upper management and requires a significant event report.
Accident and near-miss reports and associated records will be retained according to the HFSC records retention
schedule.
SECTION 6 – FIRST AID
A goal of the HFSC is to have staff members receive formal first aid training from the American Red Cross or other
comparable sources. These trained staff members should be consulted and their expertise utilized when first aid is
necessary. Personnel trained in First Aid/AED/CPR are posted on the HFSC Health and Safety Personnel list in the QMS.
Sections that do not have access to QMS will have an electronic copy of this document made available to them by the
Health and Safety Specialist. The injuries listed below are a few of the common injuries that can occur in a laboratory
environment and may require simple first aid emergency treatment. These situations can also occur outside of the
laboratory environment.
INJURIES AND THEIR CORRESPONDING TREATMENT
Burns:
There are three major types of burns: heat or thermal, chemical, and electrical. Burns are grouped in order of their
severity: (1) first degree burns show reddening of the skin, but no damage to the deeper layers; (2) second degree burns
involve blistering of the skin; and (3) third degree burns, involved skin that is burned off or severely damaged. The
seriousness of a burn is determined not only by the degree but also the extent of the burn area.
Burns are probably the most painful of all injuries and most are preventable. Pain is most severe at the time of the burn
and shortly thereafter. Shock may occur if the burn is extensive.
1. Thermal Burns:
If the burn is relatively minor, the burned area should be immersed in cold water, ice water if available, as quickly
as possible. The cold-water treatment should be continued until the pain is relieved and does not return when the
burned area is removed from the water. Prompt application of cold tends to ease pain and tends to reduce the
severity of the burn. When the wound has dried, it should be bandaged with a sterile gauze bandage. If there is
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more than superficial blistering, with consequent risk of infection, the burn should be seen by a physician. In the
meantime, the blisters should not be disturbed. The staff member or a supervisor should decide on the necessity
for professional medical consultation.
For serious thermal burns, arrangements for medical attention and evacuation should be made immediately.
2. Chemical Burns:
Chemical burns should be treated by immediately flushing the skin exposed to the chemical with copious amounts
of water. The flushing should be continued until the chemical has been washed away and the pain is reduced or
eliminated. If the burn was caused by concentrated acid, a solution of sodium bicarbonate should be poured over
the burn after the initial washing with water. Treatment is then similar to that for thermal burns.
If clothing has been contaminated, the clothing should be removed or cut away as quickly as possible. If an
emergency shower is available, it should be used, and the contaminated clothing removed while the individual is
under the shower. No neutralizing or buffering agents should be used. If the burn is severe, medical attention
should be obtained by calling 9-1-1 (if necessary, the number is to be prefaced by “9” for an outside line.)
Chemical burns of the eye are particularly dangerous, and immediate action must be taken to prevent serious
damage. The eye should be flushed immediately with copious amounts of cold water. The eyelid should be held
open, forcibly if necessary, so that the entire surface of the eye is flushed. Since promptness is of great
importance, the injured individual should be taken to the nearest emergency eye wash station. A low-pressure
stream of water from a cold-water faucet should be used if available or the individual should lie down and have
water gently poured into the inner corner of the eye so that the water flows across the eye and out the outer edge.
The treatment should continue for at least 15 minutes. The injured individual should be seen promptly by a
physician, preferably an ophthalmologist.
3. Electric Shock (Burns):
Electric shock is the injury produced by the passage of an electric current through the body. It can be caused by
any number of situations such as frayed electric cords, improperly grounded receptacles, short-circuited
equipment, or simultaneous contact with a source of current and a water faucet (or when standing on a wet
surface).
Moderate electric shock can produce a dazed condition or mental confusion and/or surface burn or deep burn.
Severe electrical shock can produce unconsciousness and death.
The injured person must be removed from contact with the source of the current or the current must be turned off
immediately. In order to free the victim from contact with the source of the current, he/she should be pushed or
pulled away using non-conducting materials such as a broom handle or dry clothing looped over a foot or hand.
Send for medical aid immediately by calling 9-1-1 (if necessary, the number is to be prefaced by “9” for an outside
line.)
Foreign Bodies in the Eye
A foreign body may lodge on the inner surface of either the upper or lower eyelid or on the eyeball itself. Bringing
the upper eyelid down over the lower and holding it there for a moment may cause tears to flow, often washing
out the foreign body. If the loose object is found under or on the lid, it can usually be removed safely with the
corner of a clean handkerchief or with a wet piece of sterile cotton or a Q-tip. If the particle is attached or
embedded in the eyeball, no attempt should be made to remove it. Professional emergency treatment should be
sought.
Bleeding
For small wounds, cleanse with soap and warm water. To stop bleeding, apply steady pressure directly over the
wound with a sterile pad or compress. If bleeding is more than superficial and a gauze pad is not immediately
available, any clean cloth may be used. The pad should not be removed to see if the bleeding has stopped. If
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blood saturates the pad, apply more layers and maintain the pressure. If the wound is on a limb, elevating the
injured limb helps reduce the flow of blood.
The need for further medical attention or assistance is recommended for severe injuries and should be obtained
immediately.
Poisoning by Inhalation
If a poisonous or toxic chemical or other asphyxiant is inhaled, remove the victim from exposure and get him/her
to fresh air as quickly as possible, by carrying or dragging the victim if he/she is unconscious. If exposure has
been severe or the person is unconscious, call 9-1-1 at once (if necessary, the number is to be prefaced by “9” for
an outside line.) Keep the person warm and lying down.
FIRST AID KITS
First Aid kits will be made available in all areas of the HFSC and those located at HFSC facilities will be noted on the
Safety Maps posted in the QMS. Sections that do not have access to QMS will have electronic copies of these documents
made available to them by the Health and Safety Specialist. These kits should be checked periodically and during the
annual safety inspection, for expiration dates and updated as needed. Reserve supplies may be obtained from the Health
and Safety Specialist.
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS
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When medically necessary, personnel may use Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) located on the 1 , 6 , 19 and
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22 floors at 1200 Travis. These locations should be listed on First Aid Kits located throughout HFSC sections located at
1200 Travis. Securing AEDs for the HFSC is in progress.
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
In a medical emergency, call 9-1-1 (if necessary, the number is to be prefaced by “9” for an outside line.)
The HFSC should have at least two staff members that are CPR certified for emergencies.
Safety stations and posters are located throughout the HFSC.
SECTION 7 – SAFETY INSPECTIONS
The Health and Safety Committee shall conduct a safety inspection at least once per year to ensure compliance with
health and safety guidelines. The Health and Safety Specialist will submit an annual safety report to the HFSC President
and CEO or designee summarizing the results and actions taken as part of the annual safety inspection. The annual
safety report and associated supporting documentation will be retained according to the HFSC records retention schedule
by the Health and Safety Specialist. The safety inspections consist of visual inspections of each section of the HFSC and
may include personnel interviews. Any hazards detected during a safety inspection or any violations noted shall be
reported to the manager in charge of that section and to the Health and Safety Specialist for evaluation and further
corrective action, if necessary.
The Health and Safety Specialist, a HFSC safety representative, or other designee shall be responsible for periodic
maintenance and/or safety inspection program records, where applicable, in the following areas:
1. Fire extinguishers - visually inspected monthly by the Fire Warden(s) assigned to each section
2. Fume hoods - inspected annually
3. Safety shower and plumbed eyewash stations - inspected monthly
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Safety inspections should also include, but are not limited to, the following to ensure that they are readily available and
current, where appropriate.
1. HFSC Health and Safety Manual
2. Fire alarm and emergency evacuation procedures
3. Regulations and safety reference material available for all personnel to include Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
4. Chemical inventory
5. First aid kits and chemical burn stations
6. Fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and portable eyewash stations
7. Spill clean-up kits, mercury spill kits, and blood borne pathogen kits
8. Broken glass, sharps, and bio-hazardous waste boxes
The frequency of inspections is a minimum requirement and may be conducted more often or as needed.
The General Services Department is responsible for the periodic maintenance inspection program in the following areas
for 1200 Travis:
1. Smoke detectors - in accordance with the COH-HPD Fire Evacuation Plan
2. Fire extinguishers - annually
3. Emergency lighting - annually
4. Alarm system - in accordance with the COH-HPD Fire Evacuation Plan
5. Air quality – as needed
SECTION 8 – OFFICE AND LABORATORY SAFETY
The following are recommended guidelines for general safety behavior:
1. Alertness for one’s safety and that of his/her colleagues should be remembered at all times.
2. Use caution in the analysis of evidence.
3. Do not perform analysis when alone in the laboratory.
4. Appropriate shoes should be worn in the laboratory environment. This includes shoes that enclose the foot, i.e.
tennis shoes. Open-heeled shoes are acceptable, but socks should be worn. However, open-toed shoes are not
permitted. In addition, shoes with an open weave or cut-outs that will not provide protection from chemical
splashes is prohibited in the laboratory work areas.
5. Restrain long hair and loose clothing before performing analysis in the laboratory or before working with
equipment where they may pose a safety hazard.
6. Do not run in the offices, laboratories, or halls.
7. Do not stand on chairs, boxes, drawers, or other improvised platforms.
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8. Use an approved ladder or step stool for placing materials on or removing materials from high shelf locations.
9. Avoid carrying excessively heavy or bulky loads. Ask for assistance when needed.
10. Use chairs with the base securely placed on the floor and sit with both feet planted on the floor.
11. File cabinets should not be top heavy or loaded so that the cabinets are off balance.
12. Open only one file drawer at a time.
13. Close desk and file drawers when not in use.
14. Open doors into offices and hallways carefully; something or someone may be on the other side.
15. Approach blind corners with caution.
16. Approach doors, that when open may impede foot traffic, from the side, so as not to be in the path of the door’s
swing if it should open unexpectedly.
17. Doors to the chemical supply room should be closed at all times.
18. Keep aisles and routes to exits in all areas free of impediments or obstructions.
19. Bulky equipment, apparatuses, or glassware should be placed well back on shelves or installed in such a manner
that should ensure stability as well as prevent inadvertent movement such as brushing people as they walk
through the aisles.
20. Heavy items should be stored on or as near to the floor as possible.
21. Electrical outlet boxes and bonnets should be situated such that they do not pose a tripping hazard.
22. Common work areas should be maintained free of unnecessary items, cleaned, and laboratory floors dust
mopped.
23. Keep workbenches clean, and orderly and free of unnecessary chemicals and apparatuses.
24. Floor surfaces should be kept in good repair and condition.
25. Litter and spilled liquids will be cleaned up and disposed of immediately.
26. Balances, work surfaces, and utensils should be cleaned immediately after use, if appropriate.
27. After use, clean and return non-disposable gloves and tongs to designated locations.
28. Rubber droppers and stoppers should be inspected periodically and replaced as needed.
29. Discard used disposable weighing papers and/or boats into the appropriate waste container after use.
Most of all, use common sense, beware of complacency, and think safety at all times. The above precautions are not all
inclusive. Others should be discussed with an immediate supervisor and the section Health and Safety Committee
representative.
SECTION 9 – CONFINED SPACE SAFETY
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A confined space is an enclosed area large enough for personnel to enter and work. It has limited or restricted means for
entry and exit and is not designed for continuous occupancy.
Confined spaces can expose personnel to hazards including toxic gases, explosive or oxygen-deficient atmospheres,
electrical dangers, or materials that can engulf personnel entering. Conditions in a confined space may dangerous and if
the area is suspected to be contaminated with hazardous gases or materials, the space must not be entered unless
deemed safe after being tested for oxygen content, flammable gases and vapors, and potentially toxic air contaminants.
The Houston Fire Department should be called to test the air quality of enclosed spaces at any scene or location that is
believed to be contaminated by hazardous materials. Personnel will not enter the location until the HFD has given
approval to do so.
The following guidelines should be practiced when working in a confined space:
1. Do not enter before all atmospheric, engulfment, and mechanical hazards have been identified, and procedures
have been developed to abate those hazards.
2. Remove all unwanted energy sources or hazardous substances.
3. Provide forced-air ventilation. Ensure ventilation equipment does not interfere with entry, exit, and rescue
procedures.
4. Do not introduce hazards such as welding or cleaning solvents without first making provisions for these hazards.
5. Continuously monitor for oxygen, combustibles, and toxins even after initial testing confirms a safe atmosphere
for entry. Remember, conditions can change at any time.
6. Provide barriers to warn unauthorized personnel and to keep entrants safe from external hazards.
7. Provide constant communication with outside personnel when working within the crime scene area. Have a backup method of communication such as using two-way radios.
8. Wear appropriate PPEs, and be familiar with the use and limitations of that equipment. Ensure that PPE’s are
properly maintained.
SECTION 10 – VENTILATION HOODS
HOOD DESIGN AND LOCATION
It is important for proper ventilation that hoods have a design and function that are compatible with the materials to be
used in them. The annual safety inspection shall include verification that the hoods have been tested by an external
vendor.
Hoods should be located as to allow incoming air to circulate in the room. Hoods should be placed where they will not
block escape routes should a fire or explosion occur, nor within 5 feet of a doorway, comfort exhaust/supply vents, or an
operable window (these may affect airflow), if possible.
CHEMICAL FUME & BIOLOGICAL HOODS
1. Applicable personnel should receive training on the proper use of a hood.
2. Air flow rates should be checked periodically to ensure they are working properly. Report hoods that are not
working properly to the section manager.
3. Work should be kept as far inside the hood as possible.
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4. When using the hood, the work surface should be kept clean and uncluttered, ventilation slots should not be
blocked, and the sash should be kept as low as possible. Lower the sash when the fume hood is not in use.
5. During the regularly scheduled safety inspection, the annual inspection of the hoods should be verified and the
operation of the hoods should be checked to guard against airflow blockage.
6. Where feasible, work involving flammable gases, toxic vapors, and noxious odors should be performed in the
fume hood. This includes potentially hazardous gases, chemicals, solvents, fumes, mists, smokes, aerosols, dust,
etc., that are involved in mechanical or chemical procedures.
7. Disposable or Teflon-coated backdrop material should be used in fume hoods where chemical spraying occurs.
SECTION 11 – INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS
Essential to the operation of any laboratory device or specialized instrument are the following fundamental safety
guidelines:
1. Personnel should only be allowed to use equipment after the supervisor or designee has determined that the staff
member is familiar with the equipment, its operation, safety features, and inherent hazards. Proper eye and hand
protection should be used when working with tools.
2. No alteration of manufacturer’s safety features is allowed.
3. Safety inspections should include identifying equipment and instrument hazards that might develop (i.e., worn
cords, broken cords, broken groundings.)
4. All electrical units should be grounded or double insulated. A ground is a direct electrical connection to the earth
or a connection to a particular point in an electrical or electronic circuit. Electrical grounding drains away any
unwanted buildup of electrical charge. A properly grounded unit gives the electrical current the easiest path to
ground and reduces the chances of someone getting shocked or electrocuted, i.e. the use of three-pronged or
three-wire electrical cords.
5. Frayed or loose electrical cords and faulty wall plugs shall not be used. A request for electrical replacement or
repairs shall be submitted immediately to the appropriate personnel for offsite facilities or to the Health and Safety
Specialist for 1200 Travis.
6. All maintenance should be performed by trained and qualified personnel.
GENERAL PURPOSE LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
1. Centrifuges shall be used with the lid closed while the unit is in operation. Symmetrically balanced loads
supported by swing-out cups and safety carriers must not exceed maximum speed ratings. Any tubes used
should be inspected prior to use, and in the event of a spill, the centrifuge must be immediately cleaned up and
disinfected appropriately with amphyl or a similar solution.
2. Use electrical devices with caution in hoods. Do not use devices that may “spark” or non-explosion-proof hot
plates when flammable solvents are being evaporated or when hazardous reactions may be taking place.
3. Ultrasonic devices should be covered by tubes or chambers to prevent aerosol contaminations.
4. Eye protection against ultraviolet, infrared and laser radiation must be worn when applicable.
OFFICE EQUIPMENT
Equipment operators should visually check to ensure that machines are properly grounded and circuits are not overloaded
before use.
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1. Adequate outlets must exist to alleviate problems caused by the utilization of extension cords. Extension cords
are not to be used across the floor of a room in lieu of a proper outlet, unless approved by the section supervisor
or the HFSC Health and Safety Specialist. Extension cords are not to be used as “permanent” wiring and surge
protectors are not to be plugged into other surge protectors.
2. The use of personal space heaters is prohibited at 1200 Travis. Coffee makers, microwaves, and similar small
kitchen appliances are only permitted in designated break room areas at 1200 Travis.
3. The copy machine lid should be in place prior to making copies.
4. Copy equipment should be well maintained and used in a properly ventilated work area. Apart from ozone gas
given off by the machine, the electromagnetic field (EMF) that is produced by a photocopier is another health
concern. If a copy machine cannot be located near an open window or otherwise vented, then the location of
copy machines should be in a small space or room intended as the area exclusive for the machine, away from
the area where the general office activities take place.
5. Mutagenic or carcinogenic toners should not be used.
SECTION 12 – GENERAL FIREARMS HANDLING SAFETY
1. No firearms will be pointed at another person at any time.
2. Ensure all firearms being received or handled are unloaded or are in a safe condition by checking that the
chamber is empty.
3. Any problems or doubts concerning the safety of a firearm are to be brought to the attention of an experienced
firearms examiner and/or the Firearms Section manager.
4. Additional safety procedures for firearms handling can be found in the Firearms Section SOPs.
SECTION 13 – LABORATORY GLASSWARE AND SHARPS HAZARDS
Intelligent selection and use of glass equipment can prevent breakage and injury from broken glass and from the
materials no longer contained in these damaged containers. The use of shields can prevent serious consequences from
glassware rupture during chemical reactions. Safety goggles can prevent eye injuries from flying glass.
1. Glassware storage areas should be well lit. Heavier pieces of glassware should be stored on lower shelves,
preferably no higher than can be easily reached without the use of a ladder or step stool.
2. Handle glassware properly, preferably with both hands and using one hand to stabilize the base. Glassware
should not be carried by their projections, such as the sidearm of a distilling flask. Beakers full of liquids must not
be carried by their rims. Avoid shaking one liter or larger volumetric flasks by the neck. Discard chipped,
cracked, badly stained, etched, or poorly annealed glassware.
3. A towel or gloves should be used when glass ampoules are snapped open or when tubing or rods are inserted
into stoppers. The glassware should be properly lubricated before insertion.
4. “Freezing” of glass stoppers can result from contact with strong alkalis over a prolonged period of time. Do not
exert excessive pressure or tap a stopper in an attempt to free it.
5. Heavy glass apparatuses should be supported with rigid, padded clamps. Use only the necessary number of
clamps to support assemblies.
6. Exercise care in the stacking and washing of glassware to avoid breakage and hazards.
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7. Glass items to be disposed of should be placed in glass disposal containers. Glass items may not be discarded in
normal paper trash containers.
8. Avoid carrying sharp objects, such as pencils, uncapped pens, scissors, etc. in pockets, over ears, in teeth, or
carelessly by hand.
9. Pencil/pen holders should store pencils and pens point down.
10. Scalpels, precision blades, utility knives, and scissors should not be left loose in drawers or kept with pens and
pencils.
11. Scalpels, precision blades, utility knives, and shears should be stored in a closed position or in a closed container.
12. Use staplers, paper cutters, scalpels, precision blades, utility knives, forceps, and scissors with care to avoid
serious cuts or puncture wounds.
13. Take care when removing and replacing the blades for any applicable instruments.
14. Discard glass or sharp objects containing any biological hazardous material in the appropriate container.
SECTION 14 – BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
Bio-hazardous materials are infectious agents or those materials that present a risk or potential risk to the health of
humans, animals, or the environment. Staff members working in forensic science laboratories are exposed on a routine
basis to samples that may contain substances that are toxic, carcinogenic, or otherwise hazardous to humans.
The hazards of biological and chemical samples will vary according to (1) the nature and concentration of the infecting
agent, (2) the routes of exposure: i.e. absorption, direct inoculation, vectors, and ingestion, (3) the duration of exposure,
and (4) the susceptibility of the exposed person. Each sample must be considered potentially hazardous and handled
appropriately to protect personnel or others in the immediate vicinity from contamination. PPEs should be worn to help
prevent exposure.
COMMON ROUTES OF CONTAMINATION
Absorption
Points of entry for infectious or chemical agents include open cuts or scratches, intact skin, the eyes, as well as mucous
membranes. Physiological stains (wet or dry) should be regarded as potentially infectious.
Direct Inoculation
Broken glassware, needles, syringes, forceps, staples, and other sharp objects can cause direct injection of infectious
agents.
Ingestion
Smoking, eating, or drinking after handling items of evidence may result in the oral ingestion of infectious agents or
chemicals. Moreover, placing objects such as pens or pencils in the mouth, and hand contact with mucous membranes
may also result in the ingestion of hazardous materials. Thorough hand washing and personal hygiene are imperative.
Inhalation of Airborne Contaminants
Infectious and chemical agents can take the form of dust, aerosols, smoke, vapors, gas, or fumes. They may become
airborne through accidents, such as spilling or breaking a container, flaking material (from dried stains), mechanical
handling of clothing and other materials, or through a variety of procedures. Some of these contaminants, dependent on
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quantity and exposure, can cause immediate respiratory irritation or asphyxiation. Ventilation and/or breathing protection,
where applicable, are imperative in reducing the danger of airborne infection and chemicals.
SECTION 15 – PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease that affects the liver. The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS is a bloodborne disease that attacks the immune system. It has been found that the population groups at high risk of infection with
Hepatitis B are in fact, the same groups at high risk for AIDS. Moreover the Hepatitis B virus occurs with a greater
frequency than does the AIDS virus. Safety measures that inhibit the spread of Hepatitis B are very effective in the
prevention of infection.
HFSC personnel face exposure to infectious diseases through contact with bodily fluid evidence. Proper evidence
handling can significantly reduce these risks. All evidence containing blood, bodily fluid, tissue, or other potential
biohazards will be handled with Universal Precaution, meaning that all samples of this type are to be treated as though
they may contain infectious agents, such as HIV or HBV (Hepatitis B virus).
The greatest risk of infection occurs when infectious fluids enter the body through contact with mucous membranes
(mouth, nose, and eyes) or through punctures, cuts, or abrasions in the skin. The risk posed by dried stains is uncertain.
While many organisms appear to lose their activity upon drying, others do not. Dried stains are to be considered infectious
and handled with care to minimize contact, especially with mucous membranes.
Drug evidence is sometimes hidden in body cavities and may be infectious. Moreover, cigar and cigarette butts
that are stained with saliva are to be considered infectious. Appropriate PPEs should be used with all controlled
substance exhibits to prevent exposure to potential biohazards.
Chemical exposures, as a result of reagent usage and evidence handling, occur via similar modes of transmission as the
biological pathogens commonly encountered. Most of the following guidelines are applicable to both chemicals and
biological pathogens, keeping in mind that any combination of the protective measures would be expected to deal with
many of the other infection hazards that may be encountered. The following guidelines are based on the premise that
preventing contamination is largely a matter of organization, housekeeping, personal hygiene, technique, and discipline.
GENERAL GUIDELINES – Apply to all personnel where the potential for exposure to hazardous chemicals and
biohazards exist.
1. Drinking, eating, chewing gum, and applying cosmetics are prohibited in the laboratories.
2. Food can be stored only in a designated area(s), or in a designated refrigerator, and never with evidence,
chemicals, or solvents.
3. Laboratory glassware is not to be used for the preparation or consumption of food or beverages. Containers for
food or beverages are not to be washed in the laboratories’ dishwasher(s) and/or sink(s).
4. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when working with potentially hazardous procedures, conditions,
evidence or chemicals.
5. Suggested PPEs that should be worn include, but are not limited to:
a. Long sleeve gown/lab coat//Tyvek suits - to protect skin and clothing.
b. Gloves (i.e. latex) - to protect hands.
c.
Surgical type mask/face shield, where applicable – to protect mouth and nose.
d. Safety glasses with side shields, "wrap-around" glasses, or close fitting goggles – to protect eyes.
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e. Shoe covers, where applicable – to protect feet and toes.
6. Respirators should be used where the potential for inhalation of hazardous airborne contaminants is high. Where
the use of respirators is necessary, applicable sections should comply with OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.134.
7. If working in an environment where the potential for exposure to chemicals or chemical vapors is strong, contacts
should not be worn by personnel in these areas without safety goggles.
8. Wear gloves when handling hazardous materials. The type of glove used should be impervious to the hazard
being handled (consult manufacturer’s specifications). Change gloves if they become torn, punctured, or their
ability to function as a barrier is compromised. A double layer of gloves may be used when working with heavily
contaminated materials or with sharp objects as an extra precaution.
o
9. Open cuts or sores should be covered with waterproof bandages that provide complete, impermeable 360
coverage to prevent contact with potentially hazardous materials. Change the bandage if it becomes soiled or
dirty.
10. Avoid touching skin, mucous membranes, or other unprotected body areas with contaminated hands or gloves.
11. Wash hands thoroughly after handling evidence and/or chemicals, prior to leaving the analytical work
area, and before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the restroom. Good hygiene is the best protection
against infection with HIV and hepatitis.
12. Analytical, clerical, and evidence reception areas subject to evidence contamination should be kept clean and
periodically disinfected with an appropriate disinfecting solution.
13. Prior to collection and disposal, all chemical or biological spills are to be immediately absorbed, neutralized or
sterilized, and cleaned up.
14. A specially designated disposal bag or other suitable container, which should be sealed and removed periodically
from the laboratories, shall be provided for all contaminated items of chemical and biological hazards.
15. Broken and chipped glassware will be disposed of in designated glass waste containers so as to eliminate
accidental injury to personnel handling the waste containers.
16. The most common method of an accidental pathogenic contamination is by a “needle stick.” Strict precautions
must be taken when working with syringes, needles, and other sharp objects. Clip off the needles from syringes
carefully, when initially inventoried, using an appropriate needle-clipping device.
17. Syringes, needles, razor blades, and other sharp items that are to be disposed should be placed in punctureresistant containers as soon as possible.
18. Unused packaged needles or other sharp items should be placed in envelopes and labeled appropriately before
storage.
19. Case folders and notes should be protected from contamination.
HANDLING BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE (Bodily Fluids and Stains) – Aimed at those analysts handling bodily fluids or
items stained with bodily fluids.
1. Appropriate PPEs must be worn when examining evidence that may be soiled by body fluids, blood, secretions, or
excretions or when procedures are being performed which may involve extensive exposure to potentially
infectious body fluids.
2. Mouth pipetting is prohibited. Mouth pipetting is aspirating fluid into a pipette by applying suction with one’s
mouth. It is unsafe due to the risk of accidental ingestion or inhalation of toxic chemicals or hazardous material.
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3. All workbench areas and all implements used where biological evidence is handled shall be cleaned and
properly sanitized.
4. In instances where the specimen is leaking, the outside of the soiled container should be cleaned with at
least 10 % sodium hypochlorite (bleach) solution.
5. When opening containers of liquid biological samples, point the tops of the container away from one’s
body and cover caps with a lab wipe or paper towel to contain any spray that might occur. Ensure that no
coworkers are in the immediate area when opening the container. Biological evidence may be opened
inside ventilation hoods at the discretion of the analyst.
6. Specimens needing centrifugation are to be placed into a centrifuge carriage with a lid that can be closed.
Centrifuge carriages should be routinely sanitized.
7. Reusable devices, such as tissue grinders, pipettes, etc., should be placed into vessels containing at
least a 10 % sodium hypochlorite solution for at least 2 minutes.
8. All laboratory specimens and disposables should be discarded in a safe manner. Disposable items such
as pipette tips, test tubes, glass, Pasteur pipettes, and other sharp items should be placed in puncture
proof biohazard containers. Gloves, paper, and other non-sharps items which are contaminated with
biologicals must be placed in alternative biohazard receptacles (i.e. cardboard biohazard boxes with red
bags). These containers should be labeled BIOHAZARD.
9. Biological spills must be promptly cleaned with, at minimum, a 10% sodium hypochlorite solution or
comparable disinfecting solution.
10. Wash areas of the body exposed to biohazards thoroughly, preferably with a good liquid germicidal
detergent.
11. Before leaving the laboratory, remove all protective clothing and soiled items should be discarded or
bagged for laundering. Lab coats contaminated with biological fluids shall not be worn outside of the
laboratory into community areas such as break rooms, conference areas, or anywhere food is consumed.
SECTION 16 – RECEIPT, STORAGE, RETURN, AND DISPOSAL OF BIO-EVIDENCE
The following statements are to supplement the previous guidelines for protection against accidental infection while
performing routine duties and dealing with evidence from individuals who may have Hepatitis B, are HIV positive or who
are at high risk for AIDS. Care should be taken during the receipt of biological specimens (liquids or stains) so as not to
cause contamination of personnel. Potentially hazardous samples should only be opened in designated work areas.
1. Biological evidence should be submitted in appropriately packaged and secured containers, such as paper bags
and envelopes, and handled with caution.
2. Appropriate gloves must be worn when handling blood specimens, blood soiled items, body fluids, excretions, and
secretions, as well as surfaces, materials, and objects exposed to contamination from them. Dispose of gloves
after one use.
3. Whenever items are received wet they should be placed in a hood or drying room until dried.
4. Examination utensils, such as forceps and scissors used in processing should be disinfected after use as
appropriate.
SECTION 17 – EXPOSURE TO INFECTIOUS BIOHAZARDS
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In most circumstances, personnel who sustain accidental exposure via contact with a needle, knife, or other sharp object,
or has an open wound or mucous membrane (eyes, mouth, or nose) exposed to material suspected of being infectious
should immediately:
1. Encourage the wound to bleed by application of pressure.
2. Wash the area thoroughly with soap and water.
3. Seek medical attention. It is important to obtain immediate medical attention in the aftermath of any potential
exposure to HIV or Hepatitis B.
4. Report the incident to an immediate supervisor and the Health and Safety Specialist.
SECTION 18 – CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN
The Texas Hazard Communication Act requires employers to provide personnel with access to information on the hazards
of the chemicals to which personnel may be exposed to in the workplace. (“Expose” or “Exposure” means that a staff
member is subjected to a hazardous chemical in the course of employment through any route of entry, including
inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or absorption, and includes potential, possible, or accidental exposure.)
Staff member rights are listed in the "Notice to Employees" found in Appendix II of the Texas Hazard Communication Act
and they include:
1. The right to be informed of exposures to hazardous chemicals.
2. The right to ready access to Safety Data Sheets and other references regarding chemical hazards.
3. The right to receive training on the hazards of the chemicals and on measures which can be taken to protect them
from these hazards.
4. The right to receive appropriate protective equipment.
5. The right to file complaints with the Texas Department of Health. Personnel may not be discharged or
discriminated against in any manner for the exercise of any rights provided by this act. (HFSC personnel are
encouraged to file complaints as described on page 6 of this manual.)
In addition, personnel shall not be required to work from unlabeled containers of hazardous chemicals, except for portable
containers for immediate use, the contents of which are known to the user. HFSC adheres to the guidelines expressed in
City of Houston Administrative Procedure 2-21 and the City of Houston Hazard Communication Program.
The Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is designed to protect personnel from potential hazards associated with the use of
chemicals and is incorporated into the content of the various sections of this Health and Safety Manual. Compliance is
mandatory for all personnel. While these regulations pertain specifically to personnel, provisions of the CHP may apply to
visitors depending on their activities.
A variety of hazardous chemicals are used in small quantities creating a unique environment with a number of risks.
These chemicals may cause injury or damage because they are toxic, flammable, corrosive, or reactive with water and
other materials. How these substances are handled will determine the degree of risk.
The objective of this CHP is to provide general, uniform requirements for safe use of potentially hazardous substances in
the HFSC. The standard operating procedures for each section should contain specific SOPs for operations posing
special hazards.
SAFETY DATA SHEETS (SDSs)
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The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has developed a useful, standardized worksheet on which
can be recorded the properties and potential hazards of chemicals. The form covers the chemical name and synonyms,
chemical family, hazardous ingredients of mixtures, physical data, fire and explosion hazard data, health hazard data,
reactivity data, spill or leak procedures, special protection information, and special precautions.
1. The HFSC will maintain a current and appropriate safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical purchased.
These documents may also be referred to as material safety data sheets or MSDSs. The SDSs are maintained in
th
the 26 floor library, in the QMS on the LIMS, and/or within the HFSC section for each chemical stored and/or
used in the applicable section.
2. Incoming SDSs will be made available to all personnel and should be reviewed for new and significant
health/safety information by all affected personnel.
3. New hazardous chemicals received without an SDS must be withheld from use until a current SDS is obtained.
4. Missing SDSs must be obtained from an appropriate source (e.g., chemical manufacturer, distributor, or electronic
database) within thirty days of receipt of the hazardous chemical if unavailable online.
CHEMICAL INVENTORY
The chemical inventory for the HFSC at 1200 Travis is maintained and updated annually by the Health and Safety
Committee and is located in the QMS in the LIMS and may be located in the HFSC library. The chemical inventory lists
chemicals used in the HFSC including their identification, locations, CAS numbers, amounts nominally stored, and hazard
warnings. The chemical inventory spreadsheet is provided annually to the Houston Fire Department via the General
Services Department at 1200 Travis.
SECTION 19 – HAZARDOUS MATERIALS HANDLING AND LABELING
The HFSC’s Hazard Communication Program follows the guidelines published by the City of Houston’s Hazard
Communications Program and the requirements set forth in the Texas Hazard Communication Act and Rules, Title 83.
HANDLING
1. When working with chemicals, hands should be kept clean and away from the face. Most chemicals are harmful
to some degree, so direct contact with any chemical should be avoided.
2. Open reagent bottles slowly and carefully, at arm’s length, and angled away from the face, wearing appropriate
PPEs.
3. Chemicals should never be returned to their original containers. Dispose of excess chemicals.
4. Never pour water into acid. Slowly add the acid to the water and stir.
5. When large volumes of hazardous chemicals are transferred from storage containers to smaller containers,
appropriate PPEs should be worn.
6. Safety siphons, or inclinators, should be used when dispensing acids or other liquids from carboys. If metal drums
or cans are used to dispense flammable solvents, they should be grounded.
7. Whenever practical, procedures involving hazardous substances should be performed in fume hoods: e.g., drug
screening, blood-systems development, serial number restoration, and thin layer chromatography. All chemical
spraying should be done in a fume hood.
8. Empty and rinse used glassware and spot plates with copious amounts of water to flush away used test
chemicals and/or submerge in water in order to protect personnel from unnecessary hazards when washing them.
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9. Never use combustible organic materials (sawdust, wood scraps and shavings, paper, rags or burlap bags) to
absorb or cleanup spillage.
LABELING
1. All primary containers of hazardous chemicals are clearly labeled to include:
a. The identity of the chemical as it appears on the SDS.
b. The appropriate hazard warnings.
c. If the label is illegible or inaccurate, a replacement label must be used and include the identity of the
chemical, appropriate hazard warnings, and if available, the name and address of the manufacturer.
2. All secondary containers of hazardous chemicals are clearly labeled to include:
a. The identity of the chemical or reagent.
b. If intended for storage, it should be labeled with the appropriate hazard warnings.
3. An appropriate hazard warning label may include the HMIS (Hazardous Material Identification System), NPCA
(National Paint and Coating Association), or NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) codes. The HMIS
system uses the NPCA numeric hazard identification code and uses the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standards for personal protection codes.
4. If the primary container is too small and the hazard warning label will obstruct the manufacturer’s label, no hazard
warning label is required. Alternate labeling should be employed, such as labeling the storage shelf where the
item is kept while not in use.
5. A staff member may personally transfer and immediately use a chemical in an appropriate portable secondary
container that is not marked with hazard warnings. Under no circumstances is the transferred chemical to be
stored in an unmarked container.
6. Existing labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals must not be removed or defaced.
7. All chemical containers leaving the HFSC should be clearly labeled, including contents and appropriate hazard
warnings.
8. Chemical containers should be regularly monitored for proper labeling and container integrity. Labels which are
fading, falling off, or deteriorating must be promptly replaced.
9. If abbreviations are used, they should be kept to a minimum and clearly identify the contents of the container as
well as hazards associated with use. Abbreviations must be understood by anyone using that chemical or
reagent. Improperly labeled or unlabeled chemicals make hazard identification and disposal difficult, and may
create a hazard.
SECTION 20 – HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS - STORAGE/DISPOSAL
The HFSC has more than one storage room or area for chemicals, glassware, equipment, and supplies. Provisions have
been made for adequate ventilation, adequate lighting, fire control, and emergency exits. Care has been exercised to
separate incompatible chemicals and to provide for the storage of flammable solvents and compressed gas cylinders.
Although their mixture is not likely under normal conditions, accidental combination can cause explosion, fire, and
asphyxiation.
Storage of chemicals in individual laboratory areas is necessary for efficient operations. Chemical storage cabinets are
provided for such storage. Private stocks of flammable solvents should not be maintained by analysts at their work areas,
except for the minimum amounts of such solvents that are used regularly during the day. Organic chemicals must be
stored separately from inorganic chemicals.
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Chemicals must be kept or stored in secondary containment to help prevent the spread of chemicals should there be a
leak or spill. Secondary containment must be large enough to hold 10% of the total volume of all containers or 110% of
the volume of the largest container and be chemically resistant to the chemicals being stored.
Chemicals that have deteriorated or been found unfit for use should be withdrawn from storage and called to the attention
of the Health and Safety Specialist, section safety representative or a supervisor for disposal. A list of these chemicals
will be provided to the Health and Safety Specialist during the annual chemical inventory update for disposal.
The Health and Safety Specialist is responsible for obtaining a permit annually for storage of chemicals for the applicable
HFSC sections from the Houston Fire Department Permit Section. A copy of the permit will be posted conspicuously in the
chemical storage area of each applicable section.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS
Acids
Acids are chemical substances whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red,
may react with bases and certain metals to form salts, and have a pH less than 7. Precautions that will be followed in
storing acids include storing large bottles of acid on low shelves or in acid cabinets; segregating oxidizing acids from
strong bases and active metals, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium; segregating acids from chemicals which
would generate toxic gases upon contact, such as cyanide and sulfide salts; and having acid neutralizers available in case
of acid spills.
Bases
Bases are chemical substances whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a bitter taste, are slippery to the touch,
turn red litmus paper blue, react with acids to form salts, and promote certain chemical reactions. Precautions that will be
followed in storing bases include segregating bases from acids and having caustic neutralizers available for caustic spills.
Oxidizers
Oxidizers are substances that are not necessarily combustible, but may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or contribute
to the combustion of other materials. Precautions that will be followed in storing oxidizers include storing them in a cool,
dry place in a fire-resistant area; keeping them away from flammable and combustible materials, such as paper and wood;
and keeping them away from flammables, organic chemicals, dehydrating agents, or reducing agents such as zinc,
alkaline metals, and formic acid.
Flammables
Precautions that will be followed in storing flammables include storing them in approved safety cans, refrigerators, or
cabinets; segregating them from oxidizing acids or oxidizers; keeping them away from any source of ignition, flames,
sparks, or localized heat; and keeping firefighting equipment and spill-cleanup materials readily available. Storage of
flammable substances should be limited to the minimal quantity needed. Flammable substances should only be handled
in areas free of ignition sources and never be heated by using an open flame. Transfer of flammable liquids from a large
vessel to a smaller one should only be conducted in a fume hood.
Reactive Chemicals
A reactive chemical is one that:
1. Fits the OSHA definition of “unstable”. Unstable (reactive) means a chemical which in the pure state, or as a
produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under
conditions of shocks, pressure, or temperature.
2. Is ranked by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) as 3 or 4 for reactivity.
3. Is identified by the Department of Transportation (DOT) as:
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a. An oxidizer
b. An organic peroxide, or
c. A class A, B, or C explosive.
4. Violently reacts with water.
Personnel are expected to handle reactive chemicals with all proper safety precautions. This includes designating a
separate storage area, keeping the quantity of reactive chemicals stored to a minimum, monitoring periodically for
degradation, and using appropriate PPEs. Explosive materials, such as nitroglycerine and nitroglycerine-based dynamite,
deteriorate over time to become chemically unstable and should be handled with care. Also, any chemical which reacts
with amino acids, proteins, or enzymes of the human body should be considered hazardous and should be handled with
care.
Toxic Chemicals
Toxic chemicals are any substances that may be harmful to the environment or hazardous to humans or animals if
inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Precautions that will be followed in storing toxic compounds include
keeping the quantity of toxic chemicals stored to a minimum and storing them according to the hazardous nature of the
chemical. Chemicals which react to produce toxic by-products should not be stored in the same area.
WARNING: These chemicals are dangerous or extremely dangerous to health and life when inhaled, swallowed, or
absorbed by skin contact. Take proper precautionary measures to avoid exposure.
Peroxide-Forming Chemicals
Precautions that will be followed in storing peroxide-forming chemicals (i.e. diethyl ether) include storing them in airtight
containers in a cool, dark, dry place; and properly disposing of peroxide-forming chemicals before the expected date of
first peroxide formation. The following conditions may affect peroxide formation and rates of formation.
1. Exposure to air, as occurs in opened and partially emptied containers, accelerates formation of peroxides.
2. Exposure to light, as occurs from storage in clear glass containers, encourages peroxide formation.
3. Absolute ether undergoes oxidation (formation of peroxides) much more readily than ether containing a few tenths
of a percent of water.
4. Isopropyl ether and tetrahydrofuran may be more vulnerable to peroxide formation during long term storage than
other commonly used ethers.
5. Heat encourages the inception of oxidation.
Some, but not necessarily all, ether peroxides are crystalline solids which would be visible at the bottom of a container.
Also, some are water soluble, but others are not. The following general preventive measures are recommended for
minimizing the hazards of peroxide formation in ethers.
1. Store ethers in airtight containers in cool, dark, dry places.
2. The addition of bright iron or copper wire or one-percent water may help prevent peroxide formation.
3. Glass containers of any size should be avoided whenever possible.
4. Ether should always be tested for peroxide content at least monthly, and must not be used if peroxides are
present.
5. No attempt should be made to open containers of uncertain age or condition, or with caps or stoppers tightly stuck
(since peroxides may form in the cap threads).
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6. Peroxide forming chemicals should not be purchased unless required for immediate use.
7. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for storage and disposal.
Carcinogens
Carcinogens are substances capable of causing cancer in living tissue. Precautions that will be followed in storing
carcinogens include labeling all applicable containers as "carcinogenic," storing them according to the hazardous nature
of the chemical, and minimizing the quantity stored.
Teratogens
Teratogens are agents or factors that cause malformation of an embryo or fetus. Precautions that will be followed in
storing teratogens include labeling all applicable containers "teratogenic," and storing them according to the hazardous
nature of the chemical.
Corrosive Chemicals
Materials are classified as corrosive if they:
1. Are capable of rapidly eroding building materials or metals.
2. Burn, irritate, or destructively attack organic tissues such as skin, eyes, lungs and stomachs.
Safe handling and storage will vary with each operation and the type and concentration of the corrosive chemical. If
storage of a corrosive chemical is unclear, consult the corresponding SDS and the section supervisor.
CHEMICAL WASTE DISPOSAL
Sinks fitted with specialized systems (i.e. dilution tanks) that break down chemical waste may be used in the applicable
sections for only those chemicals for which these systems were designed.
Organic Waste
A suitably labeled disposal container should be made available in all work areas that generate organic waste. Chloroform,
petroleum ether, methylene chloride, and other organic solvents will be disposed of in these containers. The disposal of
these containers must comply with the State and Federal laws concerning a small quantity generator.
The container should be a re-sealable, small-mouthed bottle or other suitable container (i.e. four liter reagent bottle).
Approximately 200 mL of water should be maintained in the container to minimize vapor collection. Label the container
“Chloroform Waste” or “Organic Waste.”
Only small amounts of chloroform or other organic solvents used in spot plates should be emptied into work area sinks.
Solvents used for thin layer chromatography, ether, and any unusual extraction solvents should be disposed of in labeled
containers placed in the work areas. When significant amounts accumulate in these containers, they should be
transferred to the hazardous storage container and placed in a flammable cabinet located in the Wash Room, identified on
th
the 26 floor Safety Map.
Spot plates should be rinsed in the work area or the fume hood sinks immediately after use. All reagents from these spot
plates should be flushed down the sink with copious amounts of water.
Residual amounts of solvents or reagents remaining in containers may be allowed to evaporate in the fume hood.
Chromium Waste
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All solutions known to contain chromium should be disposed of in an approved manner. These solutions include, but are
not limited to alcohol reagents and chromic acid cleaning solutions. These solutions should not be washed down the
drain.
A storage container for the chromium wastes should be maintained in the Toxicology section. This container will be
labeled “Chromic Acid” or “Chromium Waste,” and “Corrosive.” All chromium waste should be stored in this container until
enough has accumulated for disposal.
Responsibility and Notification
Each section’s manager or designee should submit a list of chemicals for disposal to the Health and Safety Specialist at
least once per year, if applicable.
The Health and Safety Specialist in conjunction with other HFSC personnel will coordinate the pick-up for disposal of the
chemical waste by an appropriate vendor.
SPILL CONTROL
Spills pose a significant threat to the health of HFSC staff. Caution should be taken in cleanup procedures. No staff
member should attempt to clean up a spill if they do not feel comfortable to do so. Those procedures listed below are for
large chemical spills but their use should be considered for any spill.
1. Attend to anyone who may have been contaminated.
2. Notify occupants in the immediate area of the spill.
3. Evacuate all personnel from the spill area.
4. If the spilled material is flammable, turn off all ignition and heat sources; this includes magnetic stirrers.
5. Ensure that fume hood(s) are on.
6. Avoid breathing vapors.
7. Secure clean-up supplies and follow the spill cleanup procedures below.
For any type of chemical spill, appropriate PPEs should be worn. This may include the use of rubber gloves, filtered air
masks, and/or goggles or safety glasses.
o
Liquids and Solids – Follow the neutralization instructions given on the appropriate spill kit for the type of material
spilled. If it is unclear whether the available spill kits are suited to clean up the spill, consult the SDSs for
appropriate clean up and disposal. The SDSs should be consulted in advance to determine the quantity and
nature of chemicals that can be flushed into the sewage system. In the event the quantity of spilled material
cannot be disposed of by flushing, consult the SDS for appropriate disposal.
o
Gases – Keep the concentration of gas below the explosive mixture range by forced ventilation. Remove the tank
to an open area and allow dissipation to the atmosphere. Hearing protection should be considered when rapidly
discharging a tank. Attempt to cap the valve outlet and return the empty tank to the supplier.
If the chemical spill is too large to contain and is generating vapors that pose a serious health risk to HFSC personnel,
evacuate the area and call 9-1-1 (if necessary, the number is to be prefaced by “9” for an outside line) to report it and to
request that an emergency response team come to handle the spill. Notify the section supervisor(s) and the Health and
Safety Specialist as soon as possible.
SECTION 21 – HAZARDOUS GASES/COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS/CRYOGENS
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Compressed gases, because of their unique properties and hazards, should be handled and used with care. Some
properties of compressed gases are high pressure, rapid diffusion, low flash points for flammable gases, lack of odor and
color for most gases, transparency, and the cooling effect upon rapid release. Diffusion of leaking gases may cause rapid
contamination of the atmosphere, giving rise to toxic anesthetic effects, asphyxiation, or rapid formation of explosive
concentrations of flammable gases.
The procedures necessary for the safe handling of compressed gases are important for the containment of the gases and
to prevent their escape to the atmosphere. In addition, safe handling of compressed gases is essential for proper control
of pressure and flow in the systems in which they are used.
Applicable personnel should become familiar with the proper methods of handling compressed gas cylinders and
compressed gas systems.
Examine compressed gas cylinders when received. If there is any indication of damage, leakage, or improper labeling,
the cylinders should be removed to an isolated area and returned to the supplier as soon as possible.
HANDLING AND STORING COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
1. Do not store incompatible gases with each other.
2. Store cylinders together in racks in designated areas away from heat and direct sunlight.
3. Leave the valve protective cap in place on cylinders until they are secured in place and ready for use.
4. Gas cylinder fastening devices should be visually inspected at least monthly and when cylinders are initially
secured.
5. Cylinders should be tagged and properly labeled indicating whether they are full or empty.
6. Use a suitable cylinder cart for moving cylinders and make sure they are secured and in an upright position.
7. Use cylinders in rotation as secured from the suppliers – first in, first placed in use.
8. Check the label and be sure of the purpose for which the cylinders are to be used.
9. Use compressed gases in well-ventilated areas.
10. Never use regulators as on-off controls for cylinders.
11. Always close the cylinder valve and bleed the pressure in the regulator to atmospheric pressure when shutting
down a system for an extended period of time.
12. Close the valves, replace the protective cap, and tag empty cylinders before returning them to the supplier.
13. Never attempt to refill a cylinder by transfer of a gas from a full cylinder to an empty one.
PRESSURE REGULATOR HANDLING AND USE
A pressure-reducing regulator is normally attached to each gas container before use and adjusted to a setting to limit
pressure to a level consistent with the use of the gas.
The following procedures describe how the regulator is to be attached and adjusted and how it is checked to determine
that it is functioning properly.
Regulator Attachment and Adjustment
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1. The regulator shall be attached to the cylinder without forcing the threads. If the inlet of the regulator does not fit
properly, its intended use may not be for that particular gas or cylinder.
2. Open the cylinder valve slowly until the tank gauge on the regulator registers the cylinder pressure. At this point,
the cylinder pressure should be checked to see if it is at the expected value. A large error may indicate that the
cylinder is leaking. A cylinder may also be checked for leaks by using a leak detector.
3. With the flow control valve at the regulator outlet closed, turn the delivery pressure-adjusting screw clockwise until
the required delivery pressure is reached.
4. Open the flow control valve to the system.
Pressure Regulator Check
1. Drain all pressure from the system; gauges should read zero.
2. Open the cylinder valve and turn the adjusting screw counterclockwise until it turns freely. The high pressure
gauge should register the cylinder pressure and the delivery pressure gauge should not indicate any pressure.
3. With the regulator outlet needle valve closed, the delivery pressure gauge should not indicate a pressure increase
after 10 minutes. A pressure increase would indicate leakage across the internal valve system.
4. Turn the adjusting screw clockwise until a normal delivery pressure is indicated. The inability to obtain a proper
delivery pressure setting or abnormal adjustment of the screw indicates improper operations. Continued wear on
the regulator valve and the seat assembly will cause pressure to rise above the set delivery pressure (termed
“crawl”). Regulators showing “crawl” should not be used.
5. An excessive fall in delivery pressure under operating conditions and normal flows indicates that an internal
blockage exists or that the cylinder valve has not been sufficiently opened.
6. Any deviation from the normal in the above checkout will require repair of the regulator. Regulators should be
repaired only by qualified personnel.
PROPERTIES OF SOME COMMON COMPRESSED GASES
o
HELIUM – colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic; can act as an asphyxiant.
o
HYDROGEN – nontoxic, flammable; can act as an asphyxiant.
o
AIR – colorless, odorless, nontoxic, combustible
o
NITROGEN – colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic; can act as an asphyxiant and as an anesthetic
LIQUID NITROGEN TANK HANDLING AND USE
Exchanging/Replacing the Liquid Nitrogen Tank:
1.
Liquid nitrogen tanks are exchanged by the compressed gas supplier.
2. The tanks are replaced in the laboratory by staff in a manner analogous to the high pressure cylinders.
Dispensing Liquid Nitrogen:
1. Liquid nitrogen shall not be dispensed without help from a co-worker or if the task cannot be completed safely.
2. Wear safety glasses/face shield, cryogenic-gloves, and a lab coat. Liquid nitrogen is extremely cold and can
cause frostbite or eye damage upon contact.
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3. Place the end of the liquid nitrogen dispensing tube into an approved container. The dispensing tube shall be
connected to a phase separator to prevent splashing.
4. Slowly turn on the tank valve/knob that is designated for liquid nitrogen, and adjust flow as needed.
5. Monitor the flow of nitrogen into the approved container. Transfer liquids slowly to prevent thermal shock,
pressure build up, and splashing.
6. When the desired amount of liquid nitrogen has been obtained, turn off the valve/knob. Never fill approved
containers to more than 80% of capacity. Expansion of gases may cause buildup of pressure.
7. Remove the dispensing tube from the approved container and place the tube back in the storage position.
8. Use caution when transporting liquid nitrogen from the tank to a work area so as to not spill the contents of the
container. Carry the container away from one’s body and face. Never leave open containers unattended.
SECTION 22 – FIRE SAFETY AND EVACUATION PROCEDURES
FACILITY EMERGENCY PLANS AND LOCATION OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
Equipment, supplies, or evidence shall not be stored closer than 18 inches from the ceiling if the room or area is protected
by a fire suppression system (sprinklers), and shall provide 24 inches of clearance if it is not protected by a fire
suppression system.
Do not place or store anything within 3 feet of any portable fire extinguishers, Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs),
emergency eyewash/shower stations, or electrical panels.
The Health and Safety Committee has developed a Fire Alarm Procedure and an Evacuation Plan for HFSC personnel in
1200 Travis that is in accordance with the COH-HPD Fire Safety Plan. The Fire Alarm Procedure should be updated
annually to incorporate changes in HFSC locations and fire warden responsibilities. A copy of the Fire Alarm Procedure
and the Evacuation Plan is available in the QMS on the LIMS. Sections that do not have access to QMS will have
electronic copies of these documents made available to them by the Health and Safety Specialist. Unofficial copies may
be posted within sections of the HFSC at 1200 Travis.
Diagrams showing HFSC sections at 1200 Travis are posted in the QMS on the LIMS. Updated maps should be posted at
least annually if changes to the HFSC’s design or the locations of equipment, not including temporary changes, occur.
Sections that do not have access to QMS will have electronic copies of these documents made available to them by the
Health and Safety Specialist. These maps depict the locations of exits, routes of evacuation, locations of fire
extinguishers, first aid kits, safety equipment, etc. Each staff member is expected to be familiar with the location of each in
their work area and know their evacuation route. All new hires shall be taken on safety equipment tours by their section’s
safety representative, the Health and Safety Specialist, or other designee and the evacuation route map and floor layouts
shall be made available to them.
HFSC personnel working at offsite facilities should adhere to the fire alarm and evacuation procedures established by or
for the offsite facilities.
ALARMS/DRILLS
Staff members from each section/floor have been designated fire wardens. Fire wardens are required to attend high rise
training class offered by the Houston Fire Department.
Programmed fire and evacuation drills at 1200 Travis should be performed at least once a year and more frequently if new
personnel are added to the staff between scheduled drills. The drills should include the movement of personnel to areas
of safety without the evacuation of the entire building.
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When a fire alarm sounds or during drills, staff members should close all doors and secure evidence, if possible.
All personnel are required to adhere to the instructions provided in the HFSC’s Fire Alarm Procedure, where applicable,
unless otherwise directed by General Services or the Houston Fire Department. Alarms sound on the floor above and
below the floor where the alarm is, indicating a potential problem.
A fire warden on the affected floor and/or the Health and Safety Specialist are responsible for calling the 713-308-1200
number to report any alarms. Should a fire warden on the affected floor not be available, another staff member should
make the call to 713-308-1200 and then inform the Health and Safety Specialist.
1200 TRAVIS BUILDING EVACUATION PLAN
The two main reasons for emergency evacuation of a facility are fire and bomb threats. Both are serious situations that
cannot be treated lightly. Planning and preparation are necessary to assure that response is timely, appropriate, and
minimizes the possibility of injury to personnel.
Evacuation of the 1200 Travis building will be in accordance with the published COH-HPD Fire Evacuation Plan and the
HFSC’s Evacuation Plan.
Each fire warden and all HFSC personnel in 1200 Travis shall be familiar with the COH-HPD Fire Safety Plan for 1200
Travis. The COH-HPD Fire Safety Plan shall be posted in the QMS on the LIMS. The COH-HPD Fire Safety Plan for 1200
Travis states that it is the responsibility of the Fire Safety Director to distribute the approved COH-HPD Fire Safety Plan to
all building tenants. This document, once received by the HFSC President and CEO or designee and/or the Health and
Safety Specialist, will be made available to personnel via the QMS. Sections that do not have access to QMS will have an
electronic copy of this document made available to them by the Health and Safety Specialist.
If the 1200 Travis building is evacuated, fire wardens and supervisors will account for HFSC personnel and report their
status to the Health and Safety Specialist and the HFSC President and CEO or designee.
FIRES
When a fire occurs, it is important to try to keep it small and to localize it to the area of origin until it can be brought under
control. Equally important is the need to alert all personnel of the fire so that they can be safely evacuated if the fire
cannot be controlled. The first person who discovers the fire should give the alarm. All personnel are expected to know
the locations of alarm switches, where applicable.
If it appears that the fire may be serious, and time permits, every effort should be directed toward confinement to limit the
extent of damage and allow more time for evacuation. Methods of confinement include closing doors, pulling down the
sash on each fume hood and turning off the power, turning off gas cylinders and systems, closing windows, turning off
flames, hot plates etc. The fire department shall be notified as soon as any fire is discovered. The alarm will not be
delayed awaiting the results of attempts to extinguish the fire. A fire that has gained headway before the fire department
is called is often quite difficult to extinguish. The fire department personnel will determine when the building is safe to reenter.
BOMB THREATS
Bomb threats should be treated seriously and steps taken to protect personnel and property. Any bomb threat received
by personnel at the HFSC will be reported immediately to the HPD Command Center at 713-308-1500. If the threat is by
telephone, the person receiving the call should attempt to obtain as much information from the caller as possible. Try to
learn the identification of the caller, listen for background noises and, if possible, establish the exact location of the bomb.
Management must be notified of any potential bomb threats as soon as possible.
A supervisor should be notified immediately if a suspicious package arrives in the HFSC or if a suspicious package or
object is found in the vicinity and is suspected of containing an explosive. He or she will notify the HPD Command Center
at 713-308-1500. No attempt should be made to open or move the package. The supervisor shall notify personnel
whether or not the premises should be vacated and the alarm sounded.
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Once the building has been evacuated, no one will be allowed to reenter until the bomb squad has authorized reentry.
SECTION 23 – FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
In spite of education, precautions, and planning, fires do occur in laboratories for a variety of reasons. The HFSC sections
located at 1200 Travis have fire alarm, smoke detection, and fire suppression systems including plans for fire
containment, fire extinguishment, and evacuation of personnel.
This section details fire containment through the use of the available portable fire extinguishers.
Fire extinguisher operation instructions are posted on or near fire extinguishers throughout the HFSC.
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Fire extinguishers are an important part of any overall fire protection program. The following are conditions which should
be met in order to ensure their effectiveness:
1. The extinguishers are properly located and in working order.
2. The extinguishers are of the proper type for a fire which may occur.
3. The extinguishers are deployed while the fire is still small enough for the extinguishers to be effective.
4. The fire is discovered by a person who is ready, willing, and able to use the fire extinguisher.
5. The person extinguishing a fire should always keep themselves between the fire and an exit.
It is the policy of the HFSC that the fire department be notified as soon as the fire is discovered and that the activation of
the fire alarm should not be delayed awaiting the results of application of portable fire extinguishers.
The number and types of fire extinguishers and their locations within the various laboratories have been determined by
the City of Houston Fire Marshal.
The following are general requirements for locating and placing extinguishers:
1. Portable extinguishers should be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition and kept in their
designated places at all times when they are not being used.
2. Extinguishers should be conspicuously located where they will be readily accessible in the event of fire. They
should be located along normal paths of travel.
3. Extinguishers should not be obstructed or obscured from view. A sign should identify each extinguisher at its
location.
Fires are classified as Class A, B, C, and D. Portable fire extinguishers are classified for use on certain classes of fires
and rated for relative extinguishing effectiveness by recognized testing laboratories.
Training should be given to all HFSC personnel in the proper use of fire extinguishing equipment.
TYPES OF FIRES AND EXTINGUISHERS
Class A
Fires involving ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.
Extinguishers effective against such fires consist of all types, but pressurized water is the most common.
The 2-1/2 gallon size weighs about 30 pounds and has a solid stream range of 35-40 feet. Under
continuous use, it has a discharge time of about 55 seconds.
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Extinguishers suitable for Class A fires are generally identified by a triangle containing the letter “A.” If
colored, the triangle is green.
Class B
Fires involving flammable liquids, flammable gases, tars, greases, oils, oil base paints, and lacquers. For
this type of fire, a blanketing or smothering effect is essential in order to remove the oxygen and put out
the fire.
Extinguishers effective against such fires are:
Carbon Dioxide – The carbon dioxide is discharged in the form of a gas/snow cloud and has a relatively
short range of 3-8 feet. The principle advantage of carbon dioxide is that it does not leave a residue after
use. Minimum discharge time varies from 8-30 seconds, depending on size.
Liquid Gas Extinguishers – These units (i.e. Bromochlorodifluromethane/Halon 1211) have features and
characteristics similar to carbon dioxide extinguishers in that they are noncorrosive and they do not leave
residues. Halon 1211 extinguishers weigh considerably less than carbon dioxide extinguishers. Care
must be exercised in their use since their decomposition products can be hazardous. If used in a
confined area, avoid breathing the gases or thermal decomposition produced by Halon 1211.
Extinguishers suitable for Class B fires are generally identified by a square containing the letter “B.” If
colored, the square is red.
Class C
Fires which involve energized electrical equipment and require an electrically nonconductive
extinguishing device.
Extinguishers of the carbon dioxide or Halon 1211 type are ideal. They present no shock hazards and
leave no harmful residues to damage instruments. Dry chemical extinguishers are effective, but leave
residues which may cause further damage to instruments. Halon 1211 is recommended for use near
0
computer equipment since the-110 F temperature associated with carbon dioxide discharge can damage
computer components.
Extinguishers suitable for Class C fires are generally identified by a circle containing the Letter
“C.” If colored, the circle is blue.
Class D
Fires which involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, sodium, lithium, and potassium.
These metals are violently reactive with water.
Extinguishing agents of the Class D type are generally available in the form of powders. The powders are
discharged by pressure and they must be spread evenly over the surface of a fire to a depth sufficient to
smother the fire. The two most common agents are G-1 powder and Met L-X powder.
Extinguishers suitable for fires involving metals are generally identified by a five-pointed star containing
the letter “D.” If colored, the star is yellow.
SECTION 24 – DIGITAL FORENSICS
The Digital Forensics section is located at an offsite facility and should follow the safety policies and procedures in place
at that facility. The Digital Forensics section shall adhere to governing departmental procedures regarding on-the-job
injury and accident reporting. In addition, section personnel will adhere to the following guidelines:
1. Lab folders and notes should be protected from contamination.
2. When disassembling computers and extracting hard drives, care should be exercised as the internal
areas of the devices may contain sharp edges that can cause cuts.
Revised: June/July 2014
Effective: July 25, 2014
Uncontrolled Copy When Printed
Issued By: Health & Safety Committee
HFSC-HS-HSM-2014.2
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3. Biohazardous materials shall not be introduced into the evidence vault or examination areas of the Digital
Forensics section.
4. Devices contaminated with bodily fluids shall be processed for evidence by other lab facilities needing to
test, preserve, or sample such evidence prior to submission to the Digital Forensics section.
5. All cellular devices and portable electronic devices should be disinfected with disinfectant wipes prior to
being bagged at intake.
6. Section personnel shall sanitize all devices in the intake area wearing appropriate PPEs during the intake
process. This must be done so as to not contaminate the office examination areas and examination
devices.
7. The Digital Forensics section intake area shall be periodically disinfected with disinfectant wipes.
The section manager or designee shall be responsible for ensuring that First Aid Kit supplies in their areas are
kept current and readily accessible. The section manager or designee must notify the Health and Safety
Specialist if additional supplies are needed.
Revised: June/July 2014
Effective: July 25, 2014
Uncontrolled Copy When Printed
Issued By: Health & Safety Committee
HFSC-HS-HSM-2014.2
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REFERENCES
1. Drug Enforcement Administration’s Safety in the Laboratory
2. Texas Department of Public Safety’s Crime Laboratory Health & Safety Manual
3. City of Houston Administrative Procedure 2-21: Employee Safety & Health
4. City of Houston Hazard Communication Policy HR 80-09 1-1-02
5. Texas Hazard Communication Act: Notice to Employees
6. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1450
7. Sam Houston State University Regional Crime Laboratory Safety Manual
8. Sam Houston State University Regional Crime Laboratory GN-02-01 (Safe Handling of Compressed Gas
Cylinders)
9. Sam Houston State University Chemical Hygiene Plan
Revised: June/July 2014
Effective: July 25, 2014
Uncontrolled Copy When Printed
Issued By: Health & Safety Committee
HFSC-HS-HSM-2014.2
Page 34 of 34