HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL A
HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Noise Barrier ----------------------------------------- 1102.6 Planting ------------------------------------------------ 902.1 Retaining Walls -------------------------------------- 210.5 A AASHTO STANDARDS Policy on Use of -------------------------------------- AGGRADATION 82.3 ABANDONMENT ABBREVIATIONS, OFFICIAL NAMES see BASE Engineering Criteria ---------------------- 663 AGGREGATE SUBBASE 61.1 ABRASION Engineering Criteria --------------------------------- 663 AGGRESSIVE ----------------------------------------------------------- 855.2 ACCELERATION LANE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 AGREEMENTS ----------------------------------------------------------- 403.5 At Rural Intersections ------------------------------- 405.1 ACCESS CONTROL Drainage, Cooperative ------------------------------- 803.2 Materials ---------------------------------------------- 111.4 AIR POLLUTION Definition ----------------------------------------------- 62.6 ----------------------------------------------------------- 104 Alignment, Existing --------------------------------- 104.3 Alignment, New -------------------------------------- 104.3 Frontage Roads --------------------------------------- 104.3 Frontage Roads Financed by Others --------------- 104.3 General Policy ---------------------------------------- 104.1 Highways, Definition -------------------------------- 62.3 Interchanges ------------------------------------------ 504.8 Intersections ------------------------------------------ 405.6 Openings ---------------------------------------------- 104.2 Openings, Financial Responsibility ---------------- 205.5 Openings on Expressways -------------------------- 205.1 Openings in Relation to Median Openings---------- 104.5 Rights, Protection of --------------------------------- 104.4 ACCESSIBILITY REQUIREMENTS Curb Ramps, Guidelines for -----------------------Driveways ---------------------------------------------Provisions for Disabled Persons -------------------Refuge Areas ----------------------------------------- Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 AGGREGATE BASE Water Wells ------------------------------------------- 110.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- Index 1 March 7, 2014 105.4 205.3 105.3 403.7 ACCIDENT DATA Intersections ------------------------------------------ 402.2 ACCRETION Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ACQUISITION Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.6 Partial -------------------------------------------------- 62.6 of Material and Disposal Sites --------------------- 111.5 ADT/AADT see AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC AESTHETIC FACTORS Contour Grading and Slope Rounding ------------ 304.4 In Design ---------------------------------------------- 109.3 Materials and Color Selection ---------------------- 705 Control of Burning ----------------------------------- 110.3 Control of Dust --------------------------------------- 110.3 AIR RIGHTS ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.6 AIRWAY-HIGHWAY ----------------------------------------------------------- 207 Clearances --------------------------------------------- 207.2 Submittal of Data ------------------------------------ 207.3 ALIGNMENT Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------Bridges -----------------------------------------------Channel -----------------------------------------------Consistency (Horizontal) ---------------------------Controls (Horizontal) -------------------------------Coordination (Horizontal/Vertical) ---------------Culverts -----------------------------------------------Horizontal --------------------------------------------Vertical (Grade) -------------------------------------- 109.3 203.9 862.2 203.3 203.1 204.6 823.2 203 204 ALLEY Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 ALLUVIUM Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ALTERNATIVES FOR CULVERT PIPES ----------------------------------------------------------- 857 ALUMINUM PIPE ----------------------------------------------------------- 852.5 ANGLE OF INTERSECTION ----------------------------------------------------------- 403.3 APPRAISAL ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.6 Index 2 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 APPROACH SLABS, STRUCTURE AVULSION New Construction Projects ------------------------ 208.11(2) Rehabilitation Projects ------------------------------- 673 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 AXIS OF ROTATION APPROVALS Nonstandard Design Features ----------------------- 82.2 Proprietary Items ------------------------------------- 110.10 ----------------------------------------------------------- 601.5 Special Pavement Structural Section Designs --- 601.5 Superelevation --------------------------------------- 202.4 AXLE LOADS, EQUIVALENT SINGLE see EQUIVALENT SINGLE AXLE LOADS AREAS OF CONFLICT B Intersections ------------------------------------------ 403.2 ARTERIAL Minor, Definition -----------------------------------Principal, Definition -------------------------------- BACKFILL, CULVERTS 81.4 81.4 BACKWATER AQUEDUCT Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 AQUIFER Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.2 ARCH CULVERTS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 821.4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 864.4 BAFFLE ----------------------------------------------------------- 873.4 BANK 852.3 852.4 852.5 852.6 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Guide -------------------------------------------------- 873.4 Protection, Definition ------------------------------- 806.2 BARRIER ARMOR ----------------------------------------------------------- 873.3 ARTERIAL HIGHWAYS ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- 829.2 62.3 ARTESIAN WATERS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ASPHALT CONCRETE see FLEXIBLE PAVEMNT ASPHALT TREATED PERMEABLE BASE Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 Design, Asphalt Pavement ------------------------- 633.1 Design, Concrete Pavement ------------------------ 623.1 Pavement Drainage --------------------------------- 662.3 AUXILIARY LANES ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.1 Interchange ------------------------------------------- 504.5 AVAILABLE HEAD, USE OF ----------------------------------------------------------- 821.1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 821.4 AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.8 ----------------------------------------------------------- 103.1 Concrete on Walls ----------------------------------Median -----------------------------------------------Noise -------------------------------------------------Railing ------------------------------------------------ 210.6 305.3 1100 208.10 BASE Definitions --------------------------------------------Aggregate ---------------------------------------------Asphalt Treated --------------------------------------Asphalt Treated Permeable ------------------------Cement Treated --------------------------------------Cement Treated Permeable ------------------------Description -------------------------------------------Engineering Criteria --------------------------------Granular, Untreated ---------------------------------Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete -------------------------Lean Concrete ---------------------------------------Treated Permeable ----------------------------------- 62.7 662.1 662.2 662.3 662.2 662.3 602.1 663 662.1 662.2 662.2 662.3 BASEMENT SOIL See SUBGRADE BASIN CHARACTERISTICS Elevation ---------------------------------------------Land Use --------------------------------------------Orientation ------------------------------------------Shape -------------------------------------------------Size ---------------------------------------------------Slope -------------------------------------------------Soil & Geology -------------------------------------- 812.7 812.4 812.8 812.2 812.1 812.3 812.5 Index 3 March 7, 2014 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Storage ------------------------------------------------- 812.6 BEDLOAD Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 851.2 BENCHES Drains -------------------------------------------------- 834.4 Slope --------------------------------------------------- 304.3 BERM BROKEN-BACK CURVE see CURVES BULBOUTS ----------------------------------------------------------- 835 BIKEWAY Class I, Design Criteria ----------------------------Class II Width --------------------------------------Class III ----------------------------------------------Definitions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Design Considerations -----------------------------Facilities ---------------------------------------------Markings --------------------------------------------Overcrossings ---------------------------------------Planning Criteria -----------------------------------Railings ----------------------------------------------Refuge Areas ---------------------------------------Standards --------------------------------------------Traffic Control Devices ---------------------------Trails -------------------------------------------------Undercrossings -------------------------------------- Overloads --------------------------------------------- 110.1 Slope Treatment, End -------------------------------- 707 Structure Depth --------------------------------------- 204.8 Structure, Open End --------------------------------- 208.5 Types of Structures ----------------------------------- 62.2 also see GRADE SEPARATION STRUCTURES see CURB, EXTENTIONS BULKHEADS 1003 301.2 1003.3 62.1 1001.4 404.2 1002 1004 208.6 1002 208.10 403.7 1000 1004 1003.4 208.6 Type ---------------------------------------------------- 873.3 BULKING Definition --------------------------------------------Factors --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 806.2 813.8 861.2 864.3 BUSBAYS see CURB, EXTENTIONS BUSBULBS see CURB, EXTENTIONS BUSINESS DISTRICT Definitions -------------------------------------------- 62.6 BYPASS HIGHWAY BITUMINOUS Coatings On Pipes ----------------------------------- 852.4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.3 BORDER INSPECTION STATIONS C ----------------------------------------------------------- 107.3 BORROW Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 BRANCH CONNECTION Tunnel Safety Orders --------------------------------- 110.12 ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.4 Freeway-to-freeway --------------------------------- 504.4 Interchange, Entrances and Exits ------------------ 504.2 BRIDGE REPLACEMENT & REHABILITATION PROGRAM ------------------------------------------------------------ 43.3 CALIFORNIA R-VALUE Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 Measurement of -------------------------------------- 614.3 Record Keeping -------------------------------------- 605.1 CALIFORNIA ROAD SYSTEM MAP ---------------------------------------------------------- BRIDGES ----------------------------------------------------------Alignment --------------------------------------------Approach Railing -----------------------------------Clearances --------------------------------------------Deer Crossing ----------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Embankment Slopes --------------------------------Equipment Crossings -------------------------------Falsework Clearance --------------------------------Flood Design -----------------------------------------Grade Line -------------------------------------------- CALIFORNIA OPERATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (CAL-OSHA) 208 203.9 208.10 309 208.8 62.2 208.5 208.8 204.8 821.3 204.7 81.4 CAMBER Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 829.2 CANTILEVER WALLS ----------------------------------------------------------- 210.1 CAPACITY Drainage Structure ----------------------------------- 806.2 Highway ----------------------------------------------- 102 Intersection -------------------------------------------- 402.1 Index 4 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 Operational Features Affecting Design ---------- 402.1 Ramp Intersection ------------------------------------ 406 Safety Roadside Rests ------------------------------ 903.5 CAPILLARITY Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 CAPILLARY WATER Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.2 CAPITAL PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ------------------------------------------------------------ 603.3 CATCH BASIN Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Inlets -------------------------------------------------- 837.2 CATCH POINT Clearance to Right of Way Line ------------------- 304.2 Side Slope Standards -------------------------------- 304.1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 208.8 62.7 ----------------------------------------------------------- 203.4 CENTRIFUGAL FORCE 403 403.3 403.2 403.1 403.4 403.12 403.8 403.7 403.9 403.5 403.11 403.10 403.6 CHECK DAM CIENEGA CLEANOUT CLEAR DISTANCE Stopping Sight Distance on Horizontal Curves - 201.6 Formula ----------------------------------------------- 202.1 Superelevation ---------------------------------------- 202 CLEAR RECOVERY ZONE ----------------------------------------------------------- 309.1 CHAIN LINK Fences ------------------------------------------------- 701.2 Railings, Bridges ------------------------------------ 208.10 CHANNEL, ROADSIDE 862.2 867 813 863 861 866.2 866.3 865 864 861.9 CHANNEL & SHORE PROTECTION CLEARANCES ------------------------------------------------------------- 309 Airway-highway -------------------------------------- 207 Falsework --------------------------------------------- 204.6 Lateral, for Elevated Structures ------------------- 309.4 Minimum ----------------------------------------------- 309.1 Pedestrian Over Crossings ------------------------- 309.2 Railroad ----------------------------------------------- 309.5 Signs, Vertical --------------------------------------- 309.2 Slope to Right of Way Line ------------------------ 304.2 Structures, Horizontal ------------------------------- 309.1 Structures, Vertical ---------------------------------- 309.2 Tunnel ------------------------------------------------- 309.3 CLIMATE Pavement Map ---------------------------------------- 615 870 873.3 873.1 873.2 872.3 873.4 CLIMBING LANES Transitions -------------------------------------------- 206.2 Sustained Grades ------------------------------------ 204.5 CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGE Local Streets ----------------------------------------- 502.2 Freeway-to-freeway --------------------------------- 502.3 CHANNELIZATION ----------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------Angle of Intersection -------------------------------Areas of Conflict -----------------------------------Major Movements ----------------------------------Points of Conflict -----------------------------------Precautions ------------------------------------------Prohibited Turns ------------------------------------Refuge Areas ----------------------------------------Signal Control --------------------------------------Speed-change Areas -------------------------------Summary --------------------------------------------Traffic Control Devices ---------------------------Turning Traffic -------------------------------------- Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 842.4 CENTRAL ANGLE ---------------------------------------------------------Armor ------------------------------------------------Design, Concepts -----------------------------------Design, Highwater & Hydraulics ----------------Site Considerations ---------------------------------Training ----------------------------------------------- CHANNELIZATION, PRINCIPLES OF Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 CEMENT TREATED PERMEABLE BASE Alignment & Grade --------------------------------Changes -----------------------------------------------Characteristics ---------------------------------------Cross Section ----------------------------------------Design Consideration -------------------------------Flow Classifications -------------------------------Flow Equations -------------------------------------Linings ------------------------------------------------Stability -----------------------------------------------Unlined ----------------------------------------------- 405 405.2 403 405.3 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 CATTLE PASSES also see BASE Definition----------------------------- Design Standards ------------------------------------Left-turn ---------------------------------------------Principles of ------------------------------------------Right-turn --------------------------------------------- 62.4 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL COATINGS Pipe ---------------------------------------------------- 852.4 COEFFICIENT OF ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT OF RUNOFF Definition --------------------------------------------Inverse ------------------------------------------------- 62.6 62.6 CONDUIT Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 819.2 COLLECTOR ROAD 62.3 81.4 COLLISIONS ----------------------------------------------------------- 402.2 Cross Section ----------------------------------------Crossover, Irrigation --------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Protective Coating ----------------------------------- 851.2 706.4 806.2 854.3 CONGESTION MITIGATION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (CMAQ) ----------------------------------------------------------- 43.2 CONNECTIONS COLORS, SELECTION Concrete ----------------------------------------------- 705.1 Steel Structures --------------------------------------- 705.2 COMFORT FACILITIES Roadside Rests --------------------------------------- 903 COMFORTABLE SPEEDS see MAXIMUM COMFORTABLE SPEED COMMERCIAL DRIVEWAYS ----------------------------------------------------------- 205 COMMUNITY NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAM --------------------------------------------------------- 1101.4 COMPOSITE PAVEMENT Definition --------------------------------------------Engineering Properties -----------------------------Mechanistic-Emperical Method -------------------New Construction -----------------------------------Pavement Preservation -----------------------------Performance Factors --------------------------------Reconstruction ---------------------------------------Rehabilitation ----------------------------------------Types -------------------------------------------------- Portland Cement Pavement (PCCP) see RIGID PAVEMENT Retaining Walls -------------------------------------- 210.2 CONDEMNATION Channels ----------------------------------------------- 866.3 Conduit ------------------------------------------------ 851.2 Definition ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index 5 March 7, 2014 62.7 642.1 606.3 643 644 642.2 643 645 641 COMPOUND CURVES ----------------------------------------------------------- 203.5 Superelevation ---------------------------------------- 202.6 CONCENTRATED FLOW Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 CONCENTRATION Drainage, Definition --------------------------------- 806.2 CONCRETE Base, Lean --------------------------------------------- 62.7 ----------------------------------------------------------- 662.2 Gravity Walls ----------------------------------------- 210.2 Painting ------------------------------------------------ 705.1 Pavement, Rigid -------------------------------------- 620 Access Openings on Expressways ----------------Branch ------------------------------------------------Branch Interchange, Entrances and Exits --------Driveways on Frontage Roads --------------------Driveways on Rural Roads ------------------------Driveways on Urban Roads ------------------------Financial Responsibility ----------------------------Freeway-to-freeway ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Freeway with Local Roads -------------------------Local Facility ----------------------------------------Private Road -----------------------------------------Roadway ---------------------------------------------- 205.1 62.4 504.2 205.4 205.4 205.3 205.5 62.4 504.4 106.2 203.1 205.2 107.1 CONSERVATION OF MATERIALS AND ENERGY ----------------------------------------------------------- 110.11 CONSTRUCTIBILITY Pavement ---------------------------------------------- 618.2 CONTINUOSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT ----------------------------------------------------------- 621.2 also see RIGID PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION Freeway Connections with Local Roads ---------- 106.2 Initial and Stage -------------------------------------- 106.1 Temporary Features ---------------------------------- 82.1 Temporary Pavements and Detours --------------- 612.6 CONTOUR GRADING ----------------------------------------------------------- 304.4 Aesthetics --------------------------------------------- 109.3 CONTRACTORS YARDS/PLANT SITES ----------------------------------------------------------- 112 CONTRAST TREATMENT ----------------------------------------------------------- 704 Policy -------------------------------------------------- 704.1 Index 6 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 CONTROL Drainage, Definition -------------------------------Erosion -----------------------------------------------Traffic, Devices -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Traffic, Special Problems -------------------------- 806.2 110.2 62.8 403.10 110.7 CONTROL OF ACCESS CONTROL OF POLLUTION see CROSS SECTION CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAY CROSS SLOPES ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.3 CONTROLLING CRITERIA ----------------------------------------------------------- 82.1 CONVENTIONAL HIGHWAYS ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.3 Sidewalks --------------------------------------------- 105.1 COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES 108 108.2 108.1 108.3 COST REDUCTION INCENTIVE PROPOSALS Walls -------------------------------------------------- 210.4 COUNTERFORT WALLS Effects on Drainage ---------------------------------- 833 Gutter ------------------------------------------------- 303.2 Median ------------------------------------------------ 305.2 Pavement --------------------------------------------- 301.2 Shoulder ------------------------------------------------- 302.2 Structures --------------------------------------------- 208.2 CROSSINGS Bicycle -----------------------------------------------Deer --------------------------------------------------Equestrian -------------------------------------------Equipment -------------------------------------------Pedestrian --------------------------------------------Railroad ----------------------------------------------- 208.6 208.8 208.7 208.8 208.6 104.3 CROSSOVER Irrigation, Conduits --------------------------------- 706.3 CUL-DE-SAC STREET ----------------------------------------------------------- 210.2 CRASH CUSHIONS ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.3 CULVERTS ----------------------------------------------------------- 702.1 CRIB WALLS ----------------------------------------------------------- 210.2 CRITICAL 806.2 806.2 806.2 806.2 CROSS DRAINAGE ------------------------------------------------------------ 820 CROSS SECTION City Streets and County Roads -------------------Clear Recovery Zone, ------------------------------Effects on Drainage ---------------------------------Frontage Roads -------------------------------------Geometric -------------------------------------------Grade -------------------------------------------------Multilane, All Paved -------------------------------Multilane, Divided ---------------------------------Multilane, 2R & 3R Criteria ----------------------- CROSS SECTION, OTHER THAN STATE HIGHWAY ROADS CROSS SECTION, STATE HIGHWAY see POLLUTION CONTROL Depth, Definition -----------------------------------Flow, Definition ------------------------------------Slope, Definition -----------------------------------Velocity, Definition --------------------------------- 310.2 307 307.2 307.3 307.1 ------------------------------------------------------------ 308 City and County Roads ----------------------------- 308.1 see ACCESS CONTROL -----------------------------------------------------------Transit Loading Facilities -------------------------Divided Nonfreeway Facilities -------------------with FHWA ------------------------------------------ Outer Separation ------------------------------------State Highway ---------------------------------------Two-lane, New Construction ---------------------Two-lane, 2R & 3R --------------------------------Warrants for ------------------------------------------ 308.1 309.1 833 310.1 62.1 204.2 307.5 307.4 307.6 Alignment & Slope ---------------------------------Alternative Pipes ------------------------------------Anchorage -------------------------------------------Available Head -------------------------------------Backwater -------------------------------------------Bedding & Backfill --------------------------------Box and Arch ---------------------------------------Bridges -----------------------------------------------Buoyant Forces -------------------------------------Camber -----------------------------------------------Choice of Type -------------------------------------Culvert Design System ----------------------------Curvature --------------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Design Discharge -----------------------------------Design Flood, Definition --------------------------Design Frequency, Definition --------------------Design Storm, Definition --------------------------End Treatment --------------------------------------Entrance Design -------------------------------------Entrance Riser --------------------------------------Gradeline --------------------------------------------Headwall ---------------------------------------------Headwater -------------------------------------------- 823.4 857 829.5 821.4 825.1 829.2 852.3 821.3 826.3 823.2 851.2 825.3 823.2 806.2 821.2 806.2 806.2 806.2 826.2 826 826.3 823.2 826.3 821.4 Index 7 September 22, 2014 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Height of Cover -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hydrologic Considerations ------------------------Improved Inlets --------------------------------------Inlet Control -----------------------------------------Joints ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Length ------------------------------------------------Minimum Cover -------------------------------------Multiple Pipes ---------------------------------------Outlet Design ----------------------------------------Piping -------------------------------------------------Roughness --------------------------------------------Sag ----------------------------------------------------Service Life ------------------------------------------Settlement --------------------------------------------Slope --------------------------------------------------Transitions -------------------------------------------Type Selection ---------------------------------------- 829.2 856 821.2 826.4 825.2 829.4 854.1 828.3 856.5 824.2 827 829.3 851.2 829.7 855 829.2 823.2 826.4 824 CURB RAMPS ----------------------------------------------------------- 105.4 Guidelines for ----------------------------------------- 105.4 Policy and Procedure --------------------------------- 105.3 D-LOAD Cracking D-Load ------------------------------------- 856.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Reinforced Concrete Pipe --------------------------- 852.1 DAM ----------------------------------------------------------- 829.9 DEAD END STREET Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 DEBRIS ----------------------------------------------------------Barrier, Definition ----------------------------------Basin, Definition ------------------------------------Bulking -----------------------------------------------Control Structure ------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Rack, Definition -------------------------------------Riser --------------------------------------------------- 813.8 806.2 806.2 813.8 822.2 806.2 806.2 822.2 DECELERATION LANE CURBS ----------------------------------------------------------Bridges -----------------------------------------------Design Considerations ------------------------------Extensions --------------------------------------------Frontage Roads and Streets ------------------------General Policy ---------------------------------------Grade Separations -----------------------------------Gutter Pan, Cross Slope ----------------------------Median ------------------------------------------------Position of --------------------------------------------Ramps ------------------------------------------------Returns, for City Streets ----------------------------Structures ---------------------------------------------Types and Uses --------------------------------------- D 303 303.5 404.2 303.4 303.6 303.1 303.5 303.2 305.4 303.5 504.3 405.8 303.5 303.2 CURVES Broken-back ------------------------------------------ 203.7 Compound -------------------------------------------- 203.5 Compound, Superelevation of ---------------------- 202.6 Horizontal --------------------------------------------- 203 Length and Central Angle --------------------------- 203.4 Location of Ramp on --------------------------------- 504.2 Maximum Comfortable Speeds ---------------------- 202.2 Radius ------------------------------------------------- 203.2 Ramp Widening -------------------------------------- 504.3 Reversing ---------------------------------------------- 203.6 Reversing, Superelevation Transition for --------- 202.5 Spiral --------------------------------------------------- 203.8 Superelevation ---------------------------------------- 202 Three-Center ------------------------------------------ 405.7 Vertical ------------------------------------------------ 204.4 CUT WIDENING ----------------------------------------------------------- 304.3 ----------------------------------------------------------- 403.4 Left Turns ----------------------------------------------- 405.2 Right Turns --------------------------------------------- 405.3 DECISION SIGHT DISTANCE ----------------------------------------------------------- 201.7 DEER CROSSINGS ----------------------------------------------------------- 208.8 DEFENSE ROUTE Rural and Single Interstate Routes ------------------ 309.2 DEFINITIONS ----------------------------------------------------------- 62 Drainage ----------------------------------------------- 806.2 Pavement Structural Section ------------------------ 62.7 Deflection Studies ------------------------------------ 635.1 DEGRADATION Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 DELAY Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.8 DENSITY ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.8 DESIGN Capacities --------------------------------------------Channel & Shore Protection -----------------------Designation -----------------------------------------Discharge ---------------------------------------------Discharge, Estimating ------------------------------Flood, Establishing ---------------------------------Frequency, Definition ------------------------------- 102 873.1 103 811.3 819 818.2 806.2 Index 8 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 Geometric Standards --------------------------------Hourly Volume -------------------------------------Hourly Volume, Definition -----------------------Interchange -------------------------------------------Intersection -------------------------------------------Period ------------------------------------------------Philosophy -------------------------------------------Speed (See DESIGN SPEED) Standards, Applications ----------------------------Storm -------------------------------------------------Storm, Definition ------------------------------------ 200 103.1 62.8 504 405 103.2 81.1 80 821.2 806.2 Design Period ---------------------------------------- 103.2 Relation to Design ----------------------------------- 103.1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.8 ----------------------------------------------------------- 103.1 DESIGNATION, DESIGN Design Period ---------------------------------------- 103.2 Relation to Design ----------------------------------- 103.1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 110.7 Local Roads Used as -------------------------------- 106.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 DHV see DESIGN HOURLY VOLUME DESIGN LIFE Pavement ---------------------------------------------- 612 Relation to Design Period ---------------------------- 103.1 DESIGN SPEED DIAMOND INTERCHANGE ----------------------------------------------------------- 502.2 DIKES 101 62.8 504.2 504.4 504.2 101.1 109 101.1 101.2 Frontage Roads and Streets -----------------------General Policy --------------------------------------Guide, Earthen ---------------------------------------PCC Grouted Riprap -------------------------------Position of -------------------------------------------Ramp -------------------------------------------------Toe, Earthen -----------------------------------------Types and Uses -------------------------------------- 303.6 303.1 873.4 873.4 303.5 504.3 873.4 303.3 DISCHARGE DESIGN VEHICLE 62.10 404 404.2 404.2 404.1 404.2 404.2 404.2 404.3 404.2 DESIGN VOLUME see DESIGN HOURLY VOLUME Definition --------------------------------------------Design ------------------------------------------------Estimating --------------------------------------------Peak --------------------------------------------------- 806.2 811.3 819 811.3 DISPOSAL SITES/MATERIALS SITES -----------------------------------------------------------Acquisition of ---------------------------------------Environmental Requirements ---------------------Information Furnished to Prospective Bidders -Investigation of Local Material Sources --------Mandatory, on Federal-aid Projects --------------Material Arrangements ----------------------------- 111 111.5 111.1 111.3 111.2 111.6 111.4 DISTANCE, CLEAR DESIGN, FACTORS AFFECTING -----------------------------------------------------------Bicycles ----------------------------------------------Driver ------------------------------------------------Environment ----------------------------------------General -----------------------------------------------Pavement ---------------------------------------------Pedestrian --------------------------------------------Vehicle ------------------------------------------------ 402 402.2 402.1 402.2 DETRITUS DESIGN HOURLY VOLUME Definition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Transit ------------------------------------------------California Truck ------------------------------------Offtracking ------------------------------------------STAA Truck ----------------------------------------Swept Width ----------------------------------------Tracking With --------------------------------------Turning Templates ---------------------------------Wheelbase -------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------Accidents --------------------------------------------Capacity ---------------------------------------------Undesirable Geometric Features ------------------ DETOURS DESIGN DESIGNATION -----------------------------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Entrances & Exits ----------------------------------Freeway-to-freeway Minimum -------------------Freeway Entrances & Exits -----------------------Local Facility ---------------------------------------Scenic Values ----------------------------------------Selection ---------------------------------------------Standards --------------------------------------------- DESIGN, OPERATIONAL FEATURES AFFECTING 401 401.6 401.2 401.4 401.1 611 401.5 401.3 Stopping Sight Distance on Horizontal Curves - 201.6 DITCHES Grade -------------------------------------------------Side -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Slope -------------------------------------------------- 834.3 303.2 834.3 834.3 DIVERGING ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.8 Index 9 September 22, 2014 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL DIVERSION Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 DIVIDED HIGHWAY DRIVEWAYS Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 Grade Line -------------------------------------------- 204.2 DIVIDED NONFREEWAY FACILITY ----------------------------------------------------------- 108.1 DIVISION OF DESIGN ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- 857.2 Slope --------------------------------------------------- 834.4 Subsurface Types ------------------------------------ 841.5 10 DOWEL BAR ----------------------------------------------------------- 622.4 Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 ----------------------------------------------------------Access Openings on Expressways ----------------Commercial ------------------------------------------Financial Responsibility ----------------------------Frontage Roads --------------------------------------Local Standards -------------------------------------Pedestrian Access -----------------------------------Private, Definition ----------------------------------Residential -------------------------------------------Rural Areas ------------------------------------------Urban -------------------------------------------------- 205 205.1 205.3 205.5 205.4 205.3 205.3 62.3 205.3 205.4 205.3 DRY WEATHER FLOWS DOWNDRAINS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Flume -------------------------------------------------- 834.4 Pipe ---------------------------------------------------- 834.4 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 DUFF Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.5 DRAIN E Edge System (See EDGE DRAIN) DRAINAGE Area, Definition -------------------------------------Area ---------------------------------------------------Basic Policy ------------------------------------------Channels ----------------------------------------------Computer Programs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cooperative Projects Policy -----------------------Course, Definition ----------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Design Responsibility ------------------------------Detention Basins ------------------------------------Divide, Definition -----------------------------------Easement, Definition -------------------------------Economics of Design -------------------------------Galleries ----------------------------------------------Glossary of Terms ----------------------------------Median ------------------------------------------------Objectives of Design -------------------------------Pavement ---------------------------------------------by Pumping ------------------------------------------Roadway ---------------------------------------------Section, Duties of -----------------------------------Subsurface -------------------------------------------System, Definition ----------------------------------- 806.2 819.2 803.1 861 819.6 825.3 803.2 806.2 806.2 802.1 891.3 806.2 806.2 801.5 841.5 806.2 834.2 801.4 650 839 830 802.1 840 806.2 DRAINS Anchorage --------------------------------------------Benches -----------------------------------------------Entrance Standards ----------------------------------Geotextile --------------------------------------------Horizontal --------------------------------------------Outlet Treatment ------------------------------------Overside, Spacing & Location --------------------Service Life ------------------------------------------- 834.4 834.4 834.4 841.5 841.5 834.4 834.4 857.1 EARTH RETAINING SYSTEMS Anchored Wall --------------------------------------Cantilever Wall --------------------------------------Concrete Gravity Wall -----------------------------Counterfort Wall -------------------------------------Crib Wall; Concrete, Steel and Timber ----------Drainage ----------------------------------------------Electroliers and Signs ------------------------------Footings ----------------------------------------------Gabion Basket Wall --------------------------------Gravity Wall -----------------------------------------L-Type Wall -----------------------------------------Masonry Wall ----------------------------------------Mechanically Stabilized Wall ---------------------Non-Gravity Cantilevered Walls ------------------Proprietary -------------------------------------------Reinforced Embankments --------------------------Rock Gravity Wall ----------------------------------Rock/Soil Anchors ----------------------------------Safety Railings --------------------------------------Salvaged Material Retaining Wall ----------------Secant Soldier Pile Wall ---------------------------Sheet Pile Wall --------------------------------------Slurry Diaphragm Wall ----------------------------Soil Mix Wall ----------------------------------------Soil Nail Wall ---------------------------------------Soil Reinforcement Systems -----------------------Soldier Pile Wall with Lagging -------------------Tangent Soldier Pile Wall --------------------------Tire Anchored Timber Wall ----------------------Utilities ------------------------------------------------ 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.8 210.8 210.8 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.6 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.2 210.8 EARTHQUAKE CONSIDERATIONS ----------------------------------------------------------- 110.6 Index 10 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 EASEMENT EQUESTRIAN TRAILS Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.6 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 EQUESTRIAN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.10 Undercrossing and Overcrossing ------------------ 208.7 see LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS EDDY LOSS EQUIPMENT CROSSINGS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 EDGE DRAIN ELECTROLIERS AND SIGNS Walls -------------------------------------------------- 210.7 EMBANKMENT EMINENT DOMAIN 62.6 62.6 END OF FREEWAY Connections with Local Roads -------------------- 106.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 806.2 871.1 902 110.2 806.2 62.5 Definition --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 806.2 812.8 814.4 819.2 Freeway Interchange -------------------------------- 504.2 EXPRESSWAY ENERGY 806.2 827.2 806.2 806.2 ENTRANCE ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.3 F FAA 826 504.2 806.2 806.2 Abbreviation ----------------------------------------- 61.1 Notice Requirements -------------------------------- 207.3 FACTORS AFFECTING INTERSECTION DESIGN see DESIGN, FACTORS AFFECTING ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS Transit Loading Facilities -------------------------Contractor's Yard and Plant Site ------------------FHWA -----------------------------------------------Material Sites and Disposal Sites -----------------Median Width ---------------------------------------Project Development -------------------------------Special Considerations ------------------------------ And Accretion, Definition ------------------------Control, Channel & Shore -------------------------Control, Planting ------------------------------------Control, Water Pollution --------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Vegetative Control ---------------------------------- EXITS ENDWALL Design (Hydraulic) ----------------------------------Freeway Interchange -------------------------------Head, Definition ------------------------------------Loss, Definition -------------------------------------- 62.7 613.3 613.3 613.3 613.3 EVAPORATION ENCROACHMENT Dissipator, Definition ------------------------------Dissipator --------------------------------------------Grade Line, Definition -----------------------------Head, Definition ------------------------------------- Definition --------------------------------------------Conversion ESAL to Traffic Index ----------------ESAL Constants ------------------------------------Lane Distribution Factors -------------------------Projections, Truck Traffic -------------------------- EROSION Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 Side Slope Standards --------------------------------- 304 Slopes at Structures --------------------------------- 208.5 Structure Approach Embankment ----------------- 208.11 Definition --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- 208.8 EQUIVALENT SINGLE AXLE LOADS ----------------------------------------------------------- 606.3 System, Definition ---------------------------------- 62.7 Definition --------------------------------------------- see TRAILS, MULTIPURPOSE 108.2 112 108.3 111 305.1 81.1 110 EQUALIZER Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 826.3 FALSEWORK ----------------------------------------------------------Grade Line ------------------------------------------Vertical Clearance ----------------------------------Width of Traffic Openings ------------------------Worker Safety --------------------------------------- 204.8 204.8 204.8 204.8 204.8 FAN Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 FEDERAL-AID ------------------------------------------------------------ 40 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Funding Determination -----------------------------Programs (see also PROGRAMS) ----------------System ------------------------------------------------- 44 43 42 FEDERAL LANDS PROGRAM ----------------------------------------------------------- 43.4 FENCES ----------------------------------------------------------Approval ---------------------------------------------Barbed Wire, Type BW ----------------------------Chain Link -------------------------------------------Exceptions to Standard Types ---------------------Freeways and Expressways ------------------------Location of -------------------------------------------Locked Gates ----------------------------------------Median ------------------------------------------------on Other Highways ---------------------------------Policy and Purpose ----------------------------------Retaining Walls -------------------------------------Safety Roadside Rests ------------------------------Standard Types --------------------------------------Vinyl-clad --------------------------------------------Weathering Type Steel -----------------------------Wire Mesh, Type WM ------------------------------ 701 701.1 701.2 701.2 701.2 701.2 701.2 701.2 701.2 701.3 701.1 210.6 903.5 701.2 705.1 705.1 701.2 FHWA Approval of Locked Gates -------------------------- 701.2 Approval of Mandatory Sites ----------------------- 111.6 Coordination With ----------------------------------- 108.3 Federal-aid -------------------------------------------- 40 Liaison With ------------------------------------------ 11.2 FILTER FABRIC ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.5 FLAP GATES Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 821.6 ----------------------------------------------------------- 838.5 FLARED END SECTION ----------------------------------------------------------- 826.3 ----------------------------------------------------------- 834.4 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT Definition --------------------------------------------Aged Residue (AR) ----------------------------------Analytical Depth ------------------------------------Transit Pads ------------------------------------------California R-value ----------------------------------Climate Region --------------------------------------Cold in-Place Recycled Asphalt ------------------Concrete Overlay ------------------------------------Data Collection --------------------------------------80th percentile Deflection -------------------------Deflection Studies -----------------------------------Emperical Method ----------------------------------Engineering Analysis Software -------------------Full Depth Hot Mix Asphalt -----------------------Gravel Equivalent ------------------------------------ 62.7 632.1 635.1 636.4 633.1 632.1 635.1 635.1 635.1 635.1 635.1 633.1 637 633.1 633.1 Index 11 March 7, 2014 Gravel factor (Gf) -----------------------------------Grouping ---------------------------------------------Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) ---------------------------Hot Mixed Asphalt Base ---------------------------Hot Recycled Asphalt ------------------------------International Roughness Index (IRI) -------------Intersections -----------------------------------------Lean Concrete Base (LCB) ------------------------Lime Treated Subbase ------------------------------Mainline ----------------------------------------------Mill and Overlay ------------------------------------Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) -----------Park & Ride Facilities ------------------------------Pavement Condition Report -----------------------Pavement Preservation -----------------------------Percent Reduction in Deflection ------------------Percent Reduction in deflection required at the Milled depth ----------------------------------Performance Factors --------------------------------Performance Graded (PG) -------------------------Polymer modified binders -------------------------RAC-G -----------------------------------------------RAC-O -----------------------------------------------Ramp Termini ---------------------------------------Reflective crack retardation ------------------------Remove and Replace -------------------------------Rich-Bottom Concept ------------------------------Ride Quality -----------------------------------------Roadside Facilities ----------------------------------Safety Roadside Rest Areas -----------------------Rubberized Asphalt Concrete ---------------------SAMI-F -----------------------------------------------SAMI-R ----------------------------------------------Shoulders ---------------------------------------------Smoothness ------------------------------------------Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayers (SAMI) Structural Adequacy --------------------------------Subgrade Enhancement Fabrics -------------------Test Sections -----------------------------------------Tolerable Deflection at the Surface (TDS) ------Tolerable Deflections -------------------------------Traffic Index (TI) -----------------------------------Traveled Way ----------------------------------------Treated Permeable Base (TPB) -------------------Wearing Course -------------------------------------Whitetopping ----------------------------------------- 633.1 635.1 631 633.1 635.1 635.1 636.3 635.1 633.1 636.1 635.1 631.2 636.4 635.1 634 635.1 635.1 632.2 632.1 632.1 631.3 631.3 636.1 635.1 635.1 633.1 635.1 636.4 636.4 631.3 631.5 631.5 636.2 632.1 631.5 635.1 633.1 635.1 635.1 635.1 633.1 636.1 633.1 631.2 635.1 FLOOD Base ---------------------------------------------------Control Projects -------------------------------------Design ------------------------------------------------Design Criteria, Recommended -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Greatest of Record ----------------------------------Magnitude --------------------------------------------Maximum Historical --------------------------------Measurement ----------------------------------------Plain, Definition -------------------------------------Plane, Definition ------------------------------------Stage, Definition ------------------------------------Waters, Definition ----------------------------------- 818.1 803.2 818.1 821.3 831.3 821.3 817 818.1 817.2 806.2 806.2 806.2 806.2 Index 12 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 FUNDING FLOW Channel ----------------------------------------------Critical -----------------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Line ---------------------------------------------------Subcritical -------------------------------------------Supercritical ------------------------------------------ 816.6 864.3 806.2 806.2 864.3 864.3 -----------------------------------------------------------Federal-Aid Eligibility -----------------------------Federal Participation Ratio ------------------------- FUNNELING ----------------------------------------------------------- 403.1 FREE G Outlet, Definition ------------------------------------ 806.2 Water, Definition ------------------------------------ 806.2 GALLERIES FREEBOARD Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ------------------------------------------------------------ 866 FREEWAY ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.3 Entrances and Exits at Interchanges -------------- 504.2 Landscape -------------------------------------------- 62.5 ------------------------------------------------------------ 900 FREEWAY CONNECTIONS WITH EXISTING ROADS ----------------------------------------------------------- 106.2 FREEWAY-TO-FREEWAY CONNECTIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Branch Connections ---------------------------------Grade Line ------------------------------------------Grades -------------------------------------------------Lane Drops -------------------------------------------Metering --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Shoulder Width --------------------------------------- 62.4 504.4 504.4 204.2 504.4 504.4 504.3 504.4 504.4 FREEWAY-TO-FREEWAY INTERCHANGES ----------------------------------------------------------- 502.3 FRENCH DRAINS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.5 FRICTION FACTORS ----------------------------------------------------------- 202.1 FRONTAGE ROADS Definition --------------------------------------------Cross Section Standards ----------------------------Access Control --------------------------------------Cross Section ---------------------------------------Curbs -------------------------------------------------Driveways -------------------------------------------Financed by Others ---------------------------------Headlight Glare -------------------------------------Horizontal Clearance ------------------------------Outer Separation ------------------------------------Railroad Crossings ---------------------------------Sidewalks --------------------------------------------- 44 44.1 44.2 62.3 310 104.3 310.1 303.6 205.4 104.3 310.3 309.1 310.2 104.3 105.1 Drainage ---------------------------------------------- 841.5 GEOMETRIC CROSS SECTIONS ------------------------------------------------------------ 300 Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.1 GEOMETRIC DESIGN Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.4 Structure Standards ---------------------------------- 200 Undesirable Geometric Features, Intersections -- 402.2 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN REPORT -----------------------------------------------------------Content -----------------------------------------------Local Materials Sources ---------------------------Policy ------------------------------------------------Side Slope Standards -------------------------------Submittal and Approval ---------------------------- 113 113.2 111.2 113.1 304.1 113.3 GORE ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.4 Contrasting Surface Treatment -------------------- 504.2 Paved Gore ------------------------------------------- 504.2 GRADE Cross Section, Position with Respect to ---------to Drain, Definition --------------------------------Freeway Entrance Standards ----------------------Freeway Exit Standards ----------------------------Freeway-to-freeway Connection Standards ----General Controls -----------------------------------Horizontal Alignment, Coordination with ------Ramps ------------------------------------------------Rolling Profile --------------------------------------Safety Roadside Rests -----------------------------Separate Lines --------------------------------------Separation -------------------------------------------Separation Structures -------------------------------Separation, Pedestrian -----------------------------Standards --------------------------------------------Stopping Sight Distance at Crests ----------------Stopping Sight Distance at Sags ------------------Structures --------------------------------------------Sustained Grades -----------------------------------Vertical Curves -------------------------------------- 204.2 806.2 504.2 504.2 504.4 204.1 204.6 504.2 204.1 903.5 204.7 62.4 208 105.2 204.3 201.4 201.5 204.8 204.5 204.4 GRADE LINE Bridge Decks ----------------------------------------- 204.8 Index 13 March 7, 2014 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Depressed, Under Structures ----------------------General -----------------------------------------------Separate ----------------------------------------------Structures ---------------------------------------------- 204.8 204.1 204.7 204.8 208 208.8 208.2 303.5 208.7 208.3 208.5 105.2 208.6 208.10 208.9 208.4 208.1 GRADIENT (SLOPE) Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 62.7 GRATED LINE DRAIN ------------------------------------------------------ 837.2 GRAVEL EQUIVALENT ----------------------------------------------------------- 604.3 GRAVITY WALL ----------------------------------------------------------- 210.2 GROIN ----------------------------------------------------------- 873.4 GROUND WATER Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.2 GUARDRAIL Bridge Approach Railings -------------------------- 208.10 References -------------------------------------------- 702 Available ---------------------------------------------- 821.4 HEADLIGHT GLARE ----------------------------------------------------------- 310.3 HEADLIGHT SIGHT DISTANCE Grade Sags -------------------------------------------- 201.5 HEADWAY ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.8 HIGH SPEED RAIL Definition ---------------------------------------------- 62.10 Clearances --------------------------------------------- 309.1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.3 Capacity ----------------------------------------------- 102 Context ------------------------------------------------ 81.6 Controlled Access ------------------------------------ 62.3 Conventional ------------------------------------------ 62.3 Federal Lands Program ------------------------------ 43.4 Interstate, Definition --------------------------------- 81.4 Landscape Architect Definitions ------------------- 62.5 Major -------------------------------------------------- 62.3 National Highway System --------------------------- 42 Parkway ----------------------------------------------- 62.3 Pedestrian Facilities ---------------------------------- 105 Planting ------------------------------------------------ 62.5 Radial -------------------------------------------------- 62.3 Route Numbers --------------------------------------- 21.2 Scenic -------------------------------------------------- 62.3 State System ------------------------------------------ 81.4 Structures, Definitions ------------------------------- 62.2 Structures, Grade Line ------------------------------- 204.8 Through ----------------------------------------------- 62.3 Types, Definitions ----------------------------------- 62.3 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL STANDARDS GUIDE BANK ----------------------------------------------------------- 873.4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 82.1 HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT GUTTER PAN Cross Slope -------------------------------------------- 303.2 General Policy ---------------------------------------- 303.1 Uses, Curb Types ------------------------------------ 303.2 GUTTERS, SIDE ----------------------------------------------------------Capacity ----------------------------------------------Grade -------------------------------------------------Intersection, at ---------------------------------------Types -------------------------------------------------Valley -------------------------------------------------- HEAD HIGHWAY GRADING PLANE Definition --------------------------------------------- HAULING Overloaded Material/Equipment , Design for ----- 110.1 GRADE SEPARATION STRUCTURES ----------------------------------------------------------Cattle Passes, Equipment, and Deer Crossings -Cross Slope ------------------------------------------Curbs --------------------------------------------------Equestrian Undercrossing --------------------------Median ------------------------------------------------Open End Structures --------------------------------Pedestrian --------------------------------------------Pedestrian Overcrossings and Undercrossing ---Railings -----------------------------------------------Railroad Underpasses and Overheads ------------Sidewalks --------------------------------------------Widths ------------------------------------------------- H 834.3 836.2 836.2 836.2 836.1 836.2 Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------Alignment Consistency -----------------------------Bridges -----------------------------------------------Broken Back Curves --------------------------------Compound Curves ----------------------------------Curve Length and Central Angle -----------------General Controls ------------------------------------Grade, Coordination with --------------------------Radius ------------------------------------------------Reversing Curves -----------------------------------Standards for Curvature ----------------------------Spiral Transition -------------------------------------- 109.3 203.3 203.9 203.7 203.5 203.4 203.1 204.6 203.2 203.6 203.2 203.8 Index 14 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 HORIZONTAL CLEARANCE Bridges -----------------------------------------------Between Elevated Structures ---------------------Clear Distance --------------------------------------Noise Barriers ---------------------------------------Off-track Maintenance -----------------------------Railroad Walkway ---------------------------------Railroads, Adjacent to -----------------------------Retaining Walls -------------------------------------Structure ---------------------------------------------Tunnels ----------------------------------------------- HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS 309.1 309.4 201.6 1102.2 309.5 309.5 309.5 309.1 309.1 309.3 Gumbel Extreme Value Distribution ------------Log Normal Distribution --------------------------Log Pearson Type III Distribution ---------------Objectives -------------------------------------------Rational Methods -----------------------------------Regional Analysis Methods -----------------------SCS Triangular Hydrograph ----------------------Synthetic Hydrograph -----------------------------Unit Hydrograph ------------------------------------ 819.3 819.3 819.3 811.2 819.2 819.2 819.4 819.4 819.4 HYDROLOGY HORIZONTAL DRAINS ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.5 HOT MIX ASPHALT CONCRETE BASE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 811.1 HYDROPLANING also see BASE Engineering Criteria ---------------- 663 Definition --------------------------------------------- 831.4 HOT MIXED ASPHALT I ----------------------------------------------------------- 631.1 also see FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT HYDRAULIC Gradient, Definition --------------------------------Jump, Definition ------------------------------------Mean Depth, Definition ---------------------------Mean Depth -----------------------------------------Radius, Definition ----------------------------------- INFILTRATION 806.2 806.2 806.2 864.3 806.2 819.2 815.3 816.5 819.2 819.2 819.3 819.1 HYDROGRAPH Definition ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SCS Triangular -------------------------------------Synthetic ---------------------------------------------Unit ---------------------------------------------------- 806.2 816.5 819.4 819.4 819.4 HYDROGRAPHY INLETS Combination ----------------------------------------Curb Opening ---------------------------------------Grate -------------------------------------------------Hydraulic Design -----------------------------------Location and Spacing ------------------------------Pipe Drop --------------------------------------------Time, Definition ------------------------------------Transition --------------------------------------------Types -------------------------------------------------Use of ------------------------------------------------- 837.2 837.2 837.2 837.4 837.3 837.2 806.2 826.4 837.2 837.1 INSPECTION STATIONS, BORDER ----------------------------------------------------------- 107.3 INTERCHANGES Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 HYDROLOGIC DATA Basin Characteristics --------------------------------Federal Agencies -----------------------------------Field Investigations --------------------------------Precipitation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rainfall ----------------------------------------------Sources -----------------------------------------------Stream Flow -----------------------------------------Surface Runoff --------------------------------------Transfer of Data ------------------------------------- INITIAL CONSTRUCTION and Stage --------------------------------------------- 106.1 HYDRAULIC DESIGN DISCHARGE Empirical Methods ---------------------------------Field Investigation ---------------------------------Hydrograph Methods ------------------------------Rational Methods -----------------------------------Regional Analysis ----------------------------------Statistical Methods ---------------------------------Summary of Methods ------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- 606.3 ----------------------------------------------------------- 819.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 812 815.3 815.3 815.2 815.3 815.5 815.3 815.4 815.2 819.5 Access Control --------------------------------------Aesthetic Factors -----------------------------------Approval of Design --------------------------------Auxiliary Lanes -------------------------------------Cloverleaf -------------------------------------------Concepts ---------------------------------------------Data Required for Design -------------------------Definition ---------------------------------------------Design, Procedure -----------------------------------Design, Standards -----------------------------------Diamond ---------------------------------------------Elements ---------------------------------------------Freeway Entrances and Exits, Design -----------Freeway-to-freeway --------------------------------- 504.8 109.3 503.2 504.5 502.2 501.1 503.1 62.4 503 504 502.2 62.4 504.2 502.3 Index 15 March 7, 2014 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Freeway-to-freeway Connections, Definition ---Freeway-to-freeway Connections, Standards ---Freeway-to-freeway, Minimum Design Speed --Freeway-to-freeway Omission of Movements --Grade Separations -----------------------------------Grades Exits/Entrances -----------------------------Lane Reduction --------------------------------------Local Streets -----------------------------------------Parallel Street Systems -----------------------------Ramps ------------------------------------------------Reviews ----------------------------------------------Sight Distance for Planting ------------------------Single Point Interchange ---------------------------Spacing -----------------------------------------------Traffic ------------------------------------------------Trumpet ----------------------------------------------Two-quadrant Cloverleaf --------------------------Types -------------------------------------------------Warrants ----------------------------------------------Weaving Sections -----------------------------------also see RAMPS 62.4 504.4 504.4 502.3 62.4 504.2 504.6 502.2 502.2 504.3 503.2 902.2 502.2 501.3 500 502.2 502.2 502 501.2 504.7 40 INTERSECTION Access Control --------------------------------------Accidents ---------------------------------------------Angle of Intersection -------------------------------Areas of Conflict ------------------------------------Bicycle, Affecting Design of ----------------------Capacity ----------------------------------------------Capacity, Ramps ------------------------------------Channelization ---------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Design, Factors Affecting --------------------------Design, Operational Features Affecting ---------Design, Standards -----------------------------------Design Vehicle ---------------------------------------Driver, Affecting Design of -----------------------Environment, Affecting Design of ----------------General, Factors Affecting Design ---------------at Grade -----------------------------------------------Grade Separations -----------------------------------Left-turn Channelization ---------------------------Major Movement, Preference to ------------------Median Openings -----------------------------------Operational Features --------------------------------Pedestrian, Affecting Design of -------------------Points of Conflict -----------------------------------Precautions -------------------------------------------Prohibited Turns -------------------------------------Public Road ------------------------------------------Ramp --------------------------------------------------Refuge Area ------------------------------------------Returns and Corner Radii, City Street ------------Right-turn Channelization -------------------------Right-turn Lanes at Off Ramp ---------------------Roundabout, Definition ----------------------------Sight Distance ---------------------------------------- 403.9 403.5 403.10 405.4 403.6 401.5 402.2 401.3 405.9 INTERSTATE Definition --------------------------------------------Funding -----------------------------------------------Numbering -------------------------------------------- 81.4 42.2 21.2 INUNDATE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 INVERSE CONDEMNATION Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.6 INVERT INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT (ISTEA) ----------------------------------------------------------- Signal Control ---------------------------------------Speed-change Areas --------------------------------Traffic Control Devices ----------------------------Traffic Islands ---------------------------------------Turning Traffic --------------------------------------Types -------------------------------------------------Undesirable Geometric Features ------------------Vehicle, Affecting Design of ----------------------Widening at Signalized Intersections -------------- 405.6 402.2 403.3 403.2 401.6 402.1 406 403 62.4 401 402 405 404 401.2 401.4 401.1 400 62.4 405.2 403.1 405.5 402 401.5 403.4 403.12 403.8 405.7 406 403.7 405.8 405.3 405.3 62.4 405.1 Definition --------------------------------------------Paving, Definition -----------------------------------Paving --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Protection ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 806.2 806.2 852.1 852.4 853.6 852.4 852.5 INVERTED SIPHON Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 829.7 IRRIGATION SYSTEM Crossover Conduits ---------------------------------- 706.4 ISLAND ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.4 Traffic ------------------------------------------------- 405.4 ISOHYETAL Line, Definition -------------------------------------- 806.2 Map, Definition -------------------------------------- 806.2 ISOVEL Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ISTEA ------------------------------------------------------------ 41.1 ------------------------------------------------------------ 42.2 J JACK Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 JACKING OPERATIONS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Index 16 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 JETTY Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Types -------------------------------------------------- 873.4 JOINT Longitudinal ------------------------------------------ 62.7 Pavement --------------------------------------------- 622.3 Seals --------------------------------------------------- 62.7 JOINT BANK PROTECTION COMMITTEE ----------------------------------------------------------- 802.3 JOINT PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENT ----------------------------------------------------------- 621.1 also see RIGID PAVEMENT JOINTS Culverts ----------------------------------------------- 829.4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 854.1 JUNCTION STRUCTURES ----------------------------------------------------------- 838.5 K KINEMATIC WAVE EQUATION ----------------------------------------------------------- 816.6 -----------------------------------------------------------Deceleration ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Definitions -------------------------------------------Distribution Factors --------------------------------Drops -------------------------------------------------Drops on Freeway-to-freeway Connectors -----Drops on Ramps ------------------------------------Express Toll Lanes ---------------------------------High-Occupancy Vehicle -------------------------High Occupancy Toll ------------------------------Left Turn --------------------------------------------Managed, Definition -------------------------------Median, Definition ---------------------------------Multiple, Definition --------------------------------Numbering ------------------------------------------Passing -----------------------------------------------Reductions -------------------------------------------Reduction at Interchanges --------------------------Right Turn -------------------------------------------Separate Turning -----------------------------------Speed Change ---------------------------------------Speed Change, Definition -------------------------Traffic, Definition ----------------------------------Two-way Left-turn Lanes --------------------------Width -------------------------------------------------Width on Curves ------------------------------------Width of Opening for Falsework -----------------Width, Ramps ---------------------------------------- 206.2 405.2 405.3 62.1 602.3 206.3 504.4 504.3 62.8 62.8 62.8 405.2 62.8 62.1 62.1 62.1 204.5 206.3 504.6 405.3 403.6 403.5 62.1 62.1 405.2 301.1 504.3 204.8 504.3 LATERAL KIRPICH EQUATION ----------------------------------------------------------- 816.6 K-RAIL ----------------------------------------------------------- 204.8 LEAN CONCRETE BASE See BASE Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 Engineering Criteria --------------------------------- 663 Design, Flexible (Asphalt) Pavement ------------- 633.1 Design, Rigid (Concrete) Pavement -------------- 623.1 L L-TYPE WALL ----------------------------------------------------------- 210.2 LEFT-TURN CHANNELIZATION ----------------------------------------------------------- 405.2 LAG Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 LEFT-TURN REFUGE ----------------------------------------------------------- 403.7 LAMINAR FLOW Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 LANDSCAPE Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------- 109.3 Architecture ------------------------------------------ 62.5 ------------------------------------------------------------ 900 Highway ---------------------------------------------- 62.5 LEGISLATION -----------------------------------------------------------ISTEA ------------------------------------------------- 41 41.1 LEVEE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 LEVEL OF SERVICE LANE Addition ---------------------------------------------Addition on Ramps ---------------------------------Auxiliary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Climbing ---------------------------------------------- Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 838.4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 838.5 206.2 504.3 62.1 504.5 204.5 Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.8 ------------------------------------------------------------ 102 LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS (LCCA) ------------------------------------------------------------ 619 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL LIME Treatment Definition -------------------------------- 614.4 Use of -------------------------------------------------- 633.1 Index 17 March 7, 2014 Roughness Coefficient ------------------------------ 851.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 866.3 MARKERS ----------------------------------------------------------- 702.1 Contrast Treatment ----------------------------------- 704.1 LIME TREATED SUBBASE see SUBBASE MATERIALS LININGS Channel ------------------------------------------------ 873.3 LOAD TRANSFER DEVICE See DOWEL BAR LOADING FACILITIES Transit ------------------------------------------------- 108.2 LOCAL STREETS/ROADS Cross Section ----------------------------------------- 308.1 Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 ----------------------------------------------------------- 81.4 Design Speed ------------------------------------------ 101.1 Driveways --------------------------------------------- 205.3 Grade ---------------------------------------------------- 204.1 Horizontal Alignment --------------------------------- 203.1 Interchanges ------------------------------------------ 502.2 Returns and Corner Radii --------------------------- 405.8 Superelevation ---------------------------------------- 202.7 LOCKED GATES ----------------------------------------------------------- 701.2 LOG OF TEST BORINGS ----------------------------------------------------------- 210.8 Availability, Pavement -----------------------------Color Selection for Steel Structures --------------Conservation of --------------------------------------Hauling, Overloaded Design ----------------------Information Furnished to Prospective Bidders --Plants -------------------------------------------------Recycling, Pavement -------------------------------Report (see MATERIALS REPORT) Sites ---------------------------------------------------Sites, Acquisition -----------------------------------Sites, Arrangements --------------------------------Sites, Environmental Requirements --------------Sites, Investigation of Local Sources -------------Sites, Mandatory ------------------------------------Special Treatment ------------------------------------ 617.1 705.2 110.11 110.1 111.3 112 617.2 111 111.5 111.4 111.1 111.2 111.6 705.1 MATERIALS REPORT Content -----------------------------------------------Local Materials Sources ----------------------------Policy -------------------------------------------------Preliminary -------------------------------------------Requesting -------------------------------------------Retention of Records -------------------------------Reviews ----------------------------------------------- 114.3 111.2 114.1 114.4 114.2 114.5 114.5 MAXIMUM COMFORTABLE SPEED Chart --------------------------------------------------- 202.2 Superelevation ---------------------------------------- 202.2 M MAY Definition and Usage -------------------------------- MAINTAINABILITY Pavement ---------------------------------------------- 618.1 62.7 62.3 MAINTENANCE YARDS On Freeways ------------------------------------------ 107.2 MAJOR STREET/MAJOR HIGHWAY Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 MANDATORY MATERIAL SITES Federal-aid Projects ---------------------------------- 111.6 MANDATORY STANDARDS ----------------------------------------------------------- MECHANISTIC-EMPERICAL ----------------------------------------------------------- 606.3 MAINTENANCE VIHICLE PULLOUT Definition --------------------------------------------- MEAN VELOCITY ----------------------------------------------------------- 864.3 MAINTENANCE Definitions -------------------------------------------- 82.1 82.1 MANNING Equation ----------------------------------------------- 866.3 MEDIAN Definition --------------------------------------------Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------Barriers -----------------------------------------------Cross Slope ------------------------------------------Curbs --------------------------------------------------Decking on Bridge ----------------------------------Fencing -----------------------------------------------Grade -------------------------------------------------Lane ---------------------------------------------------Left-turn Lane ---------------------------------------Openings ---------------------------------------------Paved -------------------------------------------------Position ------------------------------------------------Separate Roadways ---------------------------------- 62.1 109.3 305.3 305.2 305.4 208.3 701.2 834.2 62.1 405.2 405.5 305.5 303.5 305.6 Index 18 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 Standards ---------------------------------------------- 305 Width -------------------------------------------------- 305.1 MERGING Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.8 METEOROLOGY Evapo-transpiration --------------------------------Rainfall ----------------------------------------------Snow -------------------------------------------------Tides and Waves -----------------------------------Tsunami ----------------------------------------------- 814.4 814.2 814.3 814.5 814.5 METERING ----------------------------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Freeway-to-Freeway Connections ---------------Lane Merges ----------------------------------------Ramp Lane Drops ----------------------------------- 504.3 62.8 504.4 206.3 504.3 MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.4 MINOR ARTERIAL By Others --------------------------------------------Objective --------------------------------------------Prioritizing ------------------------------------------Terminology ----------------------------------------- 1101.2 1101.2 1101.5 1101.3 NOISE BARRIERS Aesthetics --------------------------------------------Alternate Designs ----------------------------------Clearances -------------------------------------------Design Criteria --------------------------------------Design Procedures ---------------------------------Drainage Openings ---------------------------------Emergency Access ---------------------------------Heights -----------------------------------------------Lengths ----------------------------------------------Location ---------------------------------------------Maintenance Considerations ----------------------Pay Quantities --------------------------------------Planting ----------------------------------------------Preliminary Site Data ------------------------------Sight Distance Requirements ---------------------- 1102.6 1102.5 1102.2 1102 1102.5 1102.9 1102.8 1102.3 1102.4 1102.2 1102.7 1102.5 1102.6 1102.5 1102.2 NONFREEWAY FACILITIES Conversion to Divided ------------------------------ 108.1 Definition --------------------------------------------- 81.4 MISCELLANEOUS STANDARDS -----------------------------------------------------------Fences -------------------------------------------------Guardrail ----------------------------------------------Mailboxes --------------------------------------------Markers ------------------------------------------------ NONMOTORIZED TRAFFIC Provisions for ---------------------------------------- 104.3 700 701 702 702 702 NORMAL DEPTH Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 864.2 MUD FLOW O Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 MULTILANE CROSS SECTIONS OFFICE OF All Paved --------------------------------------------- 307.5 Divided ----------------------------------------------- 307.4 MULTIPLE LANES State Landscape Architecture ---------------------- 901.1 OFF-SET LEFT-TURN LANE Definition --------------------------------------------- Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.1 MULTIPLE PIPES 62.4 OFF-SITE DRAINAGE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 824.2 OFFTRACKING Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.4 Design Considerations ------------------------------ 404.1 N ON-SITE DRAINAGE NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM ----------------------------------------------------------- Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 42.1 NAVIGABLE WATERS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 NEGATIVE PROJECTING CONDUIT Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 NOISE ABATEMENT ----------------------------------------------------------- 1100 ON-STREET PARKING Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 402.3 OPEN CHANNEL Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.8 OUTER SEPARATION Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.1 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL ----------------------------------------------------------- 310.2 OUTFALL Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 OUTWASH Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 OVERFLOW Channel ------------------------------------------------ 861.5 OVERLAND FLOW ----------------------------------------------------------- 816.6 OVERLAYS Asphalt On Structure Decks ------------------------ 607.6 Definitions -------------------------------------------- 62.7 OVERLOADS Design for --------------------------------------------- 110.1 P Index 19 March 7, 2014 New ---------------------------------------------------Performance see PAVEMENT SERVICE LIFE Portland Cement Concrete -------------------------Preservation ------------------------------------------Reconstruction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reductions -------------------------------------------Rehabilitation, Pavement --------------------------Rehabilitation, Roadway ---------------------------Rehabilitation, Definition --------------------------Rigid see RIGID PAVEMENT Safety Edge -------------------------------------------Serviceability, Definition --------------------------Service Life, Definition ----------------------------Structure ----------------------------------------------Surface Course --------------------------------------Temporary -------------------------------------------Transitions -------------------------------------------Transitions for Freeways, Temporary ------------Type Selection ---------------------------------------Types of Projects ------------------------------------Widening ---------------------------------------------Width -------------------------------------------------- 603.1 62.7 603 603.3 603.5 602.2 206.3 603.3 603.4 62.7 302.3 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.7 603.6 206 206.4 611.2 603 603.2 301.1 PEAK FLOW PAINTING Concrete ----------------------------------------------- 705.1 Steel ---------------------------------------------------- 705.2 PARALLEL STREET SYSTEMS Interchanges ------------------------------------------ 502.2 PARK AND RIDE LOTS Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.5 Pavement Structural Section Design -------------- 604.7 PARKWAY Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 PARTIAL ACQUISITION Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.6 PASSING LANE ----------------------------------------------------------- 204.5 PASSING SIGHT DISTANCE ----------------------------------------------------------- 201.2 PAVEMENT/PAVEMENT STRUCTURE Capital Preventive Maintenance ------------------Composite see COMPOSITE PAVEMENT Condition Survey ------------------------------------Cross Slopes -----------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Design Life, Definition -----------------------------Design Life -------------------------------------------Detours -----------------------------------------------Drainage, Impact of ---------------------------------Flexible see FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT Joints --------------------------------------------------Layers -------------------------------------------------- 603.3 603.8 301.2 62.7 62.7 612 603.6 651.1 622.3 602 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 811.3 PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES ----------------------------------------------------------- 105 Accessibility Requirements ------------------------- 105.3 Bridges ------------------------------------------------ 208.4 Conventional Highways ----------------------------- 105.1 Crosswalk, Definition ------------------------------ 62.4 Curb Ramps, Guidelines ---------------------------- 105.4 Design Considerations ------------------------------- 404.2 Freeway Facilities ------------------------------------ 105.1 Frontage Roads --------------------------------------- 105.1 Grade Separations ------------------------------------ 105.2 Pedestrian, Definition ------------------------------ 62.10 Overcrossings ----------------------------------------- 105.2 Overcrossing/Undercrossing, Standards ---------- 208.6 Railings ------------------------------------------------ 208.10 Refuge, Definition ---------------------------------- 62.4 Refuge Areas ----------------------------------------- 403.7 Replacement in Kind -------------------------------- 105.1 School Walkways ------------------------------------ 105.1 Sidewalks --------------------------------------------- 105.1 Sidewalks, Definition ------------------------------- 62.1 Sidewalks, Structures -------------------------------- 208.4 Trails -------------------------------------------------- 1003.4 Undercrossings --------------------------------------- 105.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 208.6 PENETRATION TREATMENT ----------------------------------------------------------- 604.6 PERCHED WATER Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.4 Index 20 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 PERCOLATING WATERS PLASTIC COATINGS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 PERMEABILITY POINT OF CONCENTRATION ----------------------------------------------------------- 606.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 107.2 PIPE POLLUTION CONTROL 857.2 852.2 852.3 Air ----------------------------------------------------- 110.3 Water -------------------------------------------------- 110.2 PONDING 852.5 852.4 828.2 828.3 856.5 838.4 824.2 852.7 852.4 852.1 838.4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 821.4 PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE Channel Linings ------------------------------------- 872.2 Pavement see RIGID PAVEMENT POSITIVE PROJECTING CONDUIT Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 POTAMOLOGY Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 PRECAST PANEL CONCRETE PAVEMENT 852.6 PIPING Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 829.3 PLACE TYPES 81.3 81.3 81.3 81.3 PLANT SITES/CONTRACTOR'S YARD ----------------------------------------------------------- 621.3 also see RIGID PAVEMENT PRECIPITATION Area, Definition ------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Mean Annual ----------------------------------------Point, Definition ------------------------------------- 806.2 806.2 819.2 806.2 PRELIMINARY HYDRAULIC DATA ----------------------------------------------------------- 805.1 PRESENT WORTH ------------------------------------------------------------ 112 PLANTING Aesthetic Factors -----------------------------------Design -------------------------------------------------Guidelines -------------------------------------------Highway ---------------------------------------------Irrigation ---------------------------------------------Replacement ----------------------------------------Restoration ------------------------------------------Safety Requirements -------------------------------Safety Roadside Rests -----------------------------Sight Distance --------------------------------------Trees -------------------------------------------------Vista Points -----------------------------------------Water Supply ---------------------------------------- POINTS OF CONFLICT POLICE FACILITIES See ACCESSIBILITY REQUIREMENTS Definition --------------------------------------------Rural Area -------------------------------------------Suburban Area --------------------------------------Urban Area ------------------------------------------- Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Intersections ------------------------------------------ 403.4 PHYSICALLY DISABLED PERSONS Alternative Pipe Culvert Selection Procedure Using AltPipe ---------------------------------------Cast in Place Concrete -----------------------------Concrete Box and Arch, Strength Requirements Corrugated Aluminum Pipe and Arch, Strength Requirements ---------------------------------------Corrugated Steel Pipe and Arch, Strength Requirements ---------------------------------------Culverts --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Minimum Cover ------------------------------------Minimum Diameter --------------------------------Multiple ----------------------------------------------Plastic, Strength Requirements -------------------Protective Coatings --------------------------------Reinforced Concrete, Strength Requirements --Standards for Drain --------------------------------Structural Metal Pipe and Arch, Strength Requirements ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- 852.4 see ECONOMIC ANALYSIS PRIORITY NETWORK 109.3 902 902.3 62.5 902.4 62.5 62.5 902.2 903.5 902.2 902.3 904.3 706.5 42 000 km --------------------------------------------- 309.2 PRINCIPAL ARTIRIAL Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 PRIVATE ROAD Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 PRIVATE ROAD CONNECTIONS ----------------------------------------------------------- 205.2 Financial Responsibility ---------------------------- 205.5 Sight Distance --------------------------------------- 405.1 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS ----------------------------------------------------------- Index 21 March 7, 2014 RAILINGS 82.4 PROGRAMS, FEDERAL-AID Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program -- 43.3 Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ) ------------------------------ 43.2 Federal Lands Program ------------------------------ 43.4 Special Programs ------------------------------------- 43.5 Surface Transportation Program (STP) ----------- 43.1 PROHIBITED TURNS ----------------------------------------------------------- 403.8 PROJECTING BARREL ----------------------------------------------------------- 826.3 PROJECTING ENDS ----------------------------------------------------------- 826.3 PROPRIETARY ITEMS ----------------------------------------------------------- 110.10 Earth Retaining Systems ---------------------------- 210.2 PROTECTION OF ACCESS RIGHTS ----------------------------------------------------------- 104.4 Bicycle ------------------------------------------------Bridge -------------------------------------------------Bridge Approach ------------------------------------Cable --------------------------------------------------Chain Link -------------------------------------------Earth Retaining Systems ---------------------------Guardrail -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pedestrian --------------------------------------------Vehicular ---------------------------------------------- 208.10 208.10 208.10 210.6 208.10 210.6 208.10 702.1 208.10 208.10 RAIL Clearances --------------------------------------------Structures Adjacent to ------------------------------Commuter, Definition ------------------------------Conventional, Definition ---------------------------Crossings ---------------------------------------------Grade Line of Structures ---------------------------High Speed, Definition -----------------------------High Seed, Clearances ------------------------------Light, Definition ------------------------------------Overheads --------------------------------------------Slope Treatment, Structures -----------------------Underpasses ------------------------------------------- 309.2 309.5 62.10 62.10 104.3 204.8 62.10 309.1 62.10 208.9 707 208.9 RAINFALL PROTECTION OF WETLANDS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Sources of Data --------------------------------------- 815.3 see WETLANDS PROTECTIVE COATINGS RAIN GAGE ----------------------------------------------------------- 852.4 PUBLIC ROAD INTERSECTION ----------------------------------------------------------- 819.5 RAINWASH ----------------------------------------------------------- 405.7 Sight Distance --------------------------------------- 405.1 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 RAMPS PULL OUTS see TURNOUTS PUMPING Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 PUMPING PLANT ----------------------------------------------------------- 839.1 R R-VALUE see CALIFORNIA R-VALUE RADIAL HIGHWAY Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.3 RADIUS Curb ---------------------------------------------------- 405.8 Horizontal Alignment ------------------------------- 203.2 Curbs on ----------------------------------------------Curb Ramps ------------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Dikes --------------------------------------------------Distance Between Exits ----------------------------Distance Between On-Ramps ---------------------Entrance and Exit -----------------------------------Grade -------------------------------------------------Grade Line -------------------------------------------Grade, Standards ------------------------------------Hook ---------------------------------------------------Intersection Capacity -------------------------------Intersections on Crossroad, Location of ---------Lane Drops -------------------------------------------Loop --------------------------------------------------Metering (see METERING) ---------------------Pavement, Flexible ----------------------------------Pavement, Rigid -------------------------------------Pavement, Traffic Considerations ----------------Pavement Transitions -------------------------------Single Lane ------------------------------------------Structural Design ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 504.3 105.4 62.4 504.3 504.3 504.3 504.2 504.2 204.2 204.3 502.2 406 504.3 504.3 504.3 636.1 626.1 613.5 206 504.3 602.3 603.5 Index 22 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 ----------------------------------------------------------- 604.5 Superelevation --------------------------------------- 504.3 Tapers ---------------------------------------------------- 206.3 Termini, Flexible Pavement ----------------------- 636.1 Termini, Rigid Pavement --------------------------- 626.1 Transitions ---------------------------------------------- 504.3 Two-lane Entrance ---------------------------------- 504.3 Two-lane Exit ---------------------------------------- 504.3 Width -------------------------------------------------- 504.3 Widening for Trucks -------------------------------- 504.3 ----------------------------------------------------------- 819.2 62.7 REACH Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 RECORD KEEPING Documentation, Type of Pavement --------------- 605.1 Revisions --------------------------------------------- 605.2 RECOVERY AREA RECYCLING, ASPHALT CONCRETE General ------------------------------------------------ 110.11 Hot, Definition --------------------------------------- 62.7 REFUGE AREAS ----------------------------------------------------------- 403.7 REGIME Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 REHABILITATION, CULVERTS 853.1 853.2 853.3 853.4 853.5 853.6 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 RELINQUISHMENT Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.6 Sidewalks --------------------------------------------- 105.1 Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------ 109.3 Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.5 RESEARCH/SPECIAL DESIGNS Research, Experimentation ------------------------- 606.1 Special Designs -------------------------------------- 606. 2 Mechanistic-Empirical Design -------------------- 606.3 RESOURCES RESTORATION PLANTING Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------ 109.3 Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.5 RESURFACING Definition --------------------------------------------see PRESERVATION, PAVEMENT see REHABILITATION, PAVEMENT see REHABILITATION, ROADWAY 62.7 RETAINING WALLS -----------------------------------------------------------Aesthetic Considerations --------------------------Construction Methods and Types ----------------Guidelines for Plan Preparation ------------------Safety Railing, Fences, and Concrete Barriers -- 210 210.5 210.2 210.8 210.6 RETARD Types -------------------------------------------------- 873.4 853.7 REHABILITATION, PAVEMENT RETARDING BASIN Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 603.3 62.7 612.4 645 635 625 RETENTION BASIN Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 RETROGRESSION Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 RETURN WALLS REHABILITATION, ROADWAY ----------------------------------------------------------Definitions -------------------------------------------Design Life ------------------------------------------Composite Pavement -------------------------------Flexible Pavement ------------------------------------ RELICTION Other, Pavement ------------------------------------- 604.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 309.1 Capital Preventive Maintenance, part of --------Definitions -------------------------------------------Design Life ------------------------------------------Composite --------------------------------------------Flexible Pavement -----------------------------------Rigid Pavement --------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ 210 REPLACEMENT PLANTING RAVELING General -----------------------------------------------Caltrans Host Pipe Structural Philosophy -------Problem Identification and Coordination -------Alternative Pipe Liner Materials -----------------Cementitious Pipe Lining -------------------------Invert Paving with Concrete ----------------------Structural Repairs with Steel Tunnel Liner Plate --------------------------------------------------- REINFORCED EARTH SLOPES REPLACEMENT IN-KIND RATIONAL METHOD Definition --------------------------------------------- Rigid Pavement --------------------------------------- 625 603.4 62.7 612.4 645 635 ----------------------------------------------------------- 210.8 RETURNS, CITY STREET AND CORNER RADII ----------------------------------------------------------- 405.8 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL ROADSIDE INSTALLATIONS REVEGETATION ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.5 Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------- 109.3 REVERSING CURVES ----------------------------------------------------------- 203.6 Superelevation Transitions -------------------------- 202.5 REVETMENT Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 RIGHT OF ACCESS Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.6 RIGHT OF WAY Definitions -------------------------------------------- 62.6 Through Public Domain ----------------------------- 306.2 Width -------------------------------------------------- 306.1 RIGHT-TURN CHANNELIZATION ----------------------------------------------------------- 405.3 RIGID PAVEMENT Catalog -----------------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Design Procedure for -------------------------------Engineering Properties -----------------------------Joints --------------------------------------------------New Construction -----------------------------------Mechanistic-Empirical Procedures ---------------Pavement Preservation -----------------------------Performance Factors --------------------------------Reconstruction ---------------------------------------Rehabilitation ----------------------------------------Texturing ---------------------------------------------Types -------------------------------------------------also see CONCRETE 623.1 62.7 623 622.1 622.5 623 606.3 624 622.2 623 625 622.7 621 107 107.3 62.1 107.2 107.1 ROADSIDE RESTS, SAFETY Definition --------------------------------------------Design Standards ------------------------------------Facilities and Features ------------------------------Fencing -----------------------------------------------Grading -----------------------------------------------Minimum Standards --------------------------------Pavement Design ------------------------------------Pavement, Flexible ----------------------------------Pavement, Rigid -------------------------------------Planting and Irrigation ------------------------------Site Feasibility ---------------------------------------Size and Capacity -----------------------------------Water Supply ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62.5 903 903.5 903.5 903.5 903.1 613.5 636.4 626.4 903.5 903.4 903.5 110.2 706.6 903.5 ROADSIDE TREATMENT Irrigation Crossover Conduits ---------------------Roadside Management ------------------------------Topsoil ------------------------------------------------Vegetation Control ----------------------------------Water Supply ----------------------------------------- 706.4 706.1 706.3 706.2 706.5 ROADWAY Connections ------------------------------------------- 107.1 Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.1 Drainage ----------------------------------------------- 830 Structural Elements ---------------------------------- 601.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 703.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 RIPRAP Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 827.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 873.3 RISER Culvert Entrance ------------------------------------- 822.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 RISK ANALYSIS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 818.2 ROADBED 62.1 62.7 ROADSIDE Definition --------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------Border Inspection Stations, Location of ---------Define Roadside -------------------------------------Maintenance Yards and Police Facilities --------Roadway Connections ------------------------------- ROCKFALL RESTRAINING NETS RIPARIAN Definition ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index 23 March 7, 2014 62.1 ROUNDABOUTS Access Control --------------------------------------Bicyclist Use -----------------------------------------Central Island ---------------------------------------Circulatory Roadway ------------------------------Definition -------------------------------------------Design Guidance ------------------------------------Design Vehicle --------------------------------------Entry Speeds -----------------------------------------Exit Design -------------------------------------------Inscribed Circle Diameter -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Landscape Buffer/Strip --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lighting ----------------------------------------------Number of Legs -------------------------------------Path Alignment (Natural Path) --------------------Pedestrian Refuge ----------------------------------Pedestrian Use ---------------------------------------Splitter Island -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 405.10 405.10 62.4 62.4 62.4 405.10 405.10 405.10 405.10 62.4 405.10 62.4 405.10 405.10 405.10 405.10 62.4 405.10 62.4 405.10 Index 24 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 Stopping Sight Distance and Visibility ----------- 405.10 Transit Use ------------------------------------------- 405.10 Truck Apron ----------------------------------------- 62.4 Vertical Clearance ----------------------------------- 405.10 ROUNDED INLET Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ROUNDED LIP ----------------------------------------------------------- 826.3 RRR CRITERIA Design Period ---------------------------------------Left-Turn Lanes ------------------------------------Multi lane Cross Section --------------------------Pavement Design Life -----------------------------Two-lane Cross Section ---------------------------- 103.2 405.2 307.6 612.5 307.3 RUNNING Speed -------------------------------------------------Time --------------------------------------------------- 62.8 62.8 RUNOFF -----------------------------------------------------------Drainage, Definition -------------------------------Factors Affecting -----------------------------------Superelevation Transition -------------------------- 816 806.2 811.5 202.5 RURAL Design Standards ------------------------------------Facilities and Features -----------------------------Fencing ----------------------------------------------Grading ----------------------------------------------Minimum Standards -------------------------------Planting and Irrigation -----------------------------Sewage Facilities -----------------------------------Site Feasibility --------------------------------------Size and Capacity ----------------------------------Water Supply ---------------------------------------Water Supply ---------------------------------------- 903 903.5 903.5 903.5 903.1 903.5 903.5 903.4 903.5 706.6 903.5 SAG CULVERT Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 829.7 SCENIC Highway ---------------------------------------------- 62.3 Values -------------------------------------------------- 109 Values, Safety Roadside Rests -------------------- 903.4 SCENIC VALUES IN PLANNING AND DESIGN -----------------------------------------------------------Aesthetic Factors -----------------------------------Basic Precepts --------------------------------------Design Speed ---------------------------------------- 109 109.3 109.1 109.2 SCHOOL PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS ----------------------------------------------------------- 105.1 Acceleration Lane at Intersection ----------------Access Control --------------------------------------Area, Definition ------------------------------------Design Speed ---------------------------------------Driveway Connection ------------------------------Interchange Spacing -------------------------------Median Standards ----------------------------------Outer Separation ------------------------------------Weaving Section ------------------------------------ 405.1 504.8 81.3 101.2 205.4 501.3 305.1 310.2 504.7 RURAL AND SINGLE INTERSTATE ROUTING ----------------------------------------------------------- 309.2 RUTTING Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 SCOUR Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 827.2 SEAL Fog ---------------------------------------------------- 604.6 Slurry -------------------------------------------------- 603.2 SEDIMENTATION Definition --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 806.2 823.2 862.2 865.2 SEPARATE ROADWAY ----------------------------------------------------------- 305.6 S SERVICEABILITY Definition --------------------------------------------- SAFETY Planting ----------------------------------------------Planting and Irrigation -----------------------------Railings on Walls -----------------------------------Reviews ----------------------------------------------Roadside Rests ---------------------------------------Tunnel Safety Orders ------------------------------Worker -----------------------------------------------Worker, Falsework Clearance --------------------- 902.2 902.1 210.5 110.8 903 110.12 110.7 204.8 Definition --------------------------------------------- SETTLEMENT Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.7 Structure Approach --------------------------------- 208.11 SEVERANCE DAMAGES Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.5 62.6 SHALL Definition and Usage ------------------------------- SAFETY ROADSIDE RESTS 62.7 82.1 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL SHEET FLOW SIGNAL CONTROL Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 SHOALING SHOULD Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 SILTATION ----------------------------------------------------------- 110.2 SIPHONS ----------------------------------------------------------- 829.7 SKEW Angle -------------------------------------------------- 62.4 Angle of Intersection -------------------------------- 403.3 Definition (Hydraulic) ------------------------------- 806.2 SLIDE ----------------------------------------------------------- 834.3 SIDE SLOPES Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 SLIPOUT 304 304.3 304.2 304.4 304.1 304.5 208.5 304.1 304.3 SIDEWALKS See PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES SIGHT DISTANCE Clear Distance (m) ----------------------------------Corner ------------------------------------------------Decision ----------------------------------------------Decision at Intersections ----------------------------Exit Nose ---------------------------------------------General -----------------------------------------------Headlight, at Grade Sags ---------------------------Intersection -------------------------------------------Passing ------------------------------------------------Planting -----------------------------------------------Ramp Intersections ----------------------------------Standards ---------------------------------------------Stopping ----------------------------------------------Stopping at Grade Crests ---------------------------Stopping at Grade Sags -----------------------------Stopping on Horizontal Curves -------------------Stopping at Intersections ---------------------------- Vertical Clearance ----------------------------------- 309.2 SILT 302.2 62.1 404.2 636.2 626.2 302 613.5 202.5 206 302.1 405.3 307.2 SIDE GUTTERS/DITCHES ----------------------------------------------------------Benches and Cut Widening ------------------------Clearance to Right of Way Line ------------------Contour Grading and Slope Rounding -----------Standards ---------------------------------------------Stepped -----------------------------------------------Structures ---------------------------------------------Transition Slopes ------------------------------------Widening ---------------------------------------------- Widening ---------------------------------------------- 405.9 SIGNS 82.1 SHOULDER Cross Slope ------------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Design Considerations ------------------------------Pavement, Flexible ----------------------------------Pavement, Rigid -------------------------------------Standards, Geometric -------------------------------Standards, Pavement --------------------------------Superelevation Transitions -------------------------Transitions (Widen, Reduction) -------------------Width -------------------------------------------------Width, Right Turn Channelization ----------------Width, Two-lane Roads, New Construction ------ ----------------------------------------------------------- 403.9 SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Definition and Usage -------------------------------- Index 25 March 7, 2014 201.6 405.1 201.7 405.1 504.2 201.1 201.5 405.1 201.2 902.2 504.3 201.1 201.3 201.4 201.5 201.6 405.1 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 SLOPE Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------Cross --------------------------------------------------Crown -------------------------------------------------Definition (Hydraulic) ------------------------------Rounding ---------------------------------------------Paving ------------------------------------------------Protection --------------------------------------------Shoulder Cross Slopes ------------------------------Side ---------------------------------------------------Side, Benches and Cut Widening -----------------Standards, Side Slopes -----------------------------Stepped ------------------------------------------------Treatment Under Structures ------------------------ 109.3 301.2 301.2 806.2 304.4 873.3 873.3 302.2 304 304.3 304.1 304.5 707 SLOPE TREATMENT UNDER STRUCTURES ----------------------------------------------------------Guidelines --------------------------------------------Policy -------------------------------------------------Procedure ---------------------------------------------- 707 707.2 707.1 707.3 SLOTTED DRAINS ----------------------------------------------------------- 837.2 SLOUGH Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 SLUG FLOW Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Index 26 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL March 7, 2014 SPILLWAY SNOW PACK ----------------------------------------------------------- 812.8 ----------------------------------------------------------- 814.3 SOFFIT SOIL STABILIZATION TRENCHES ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.5 Characteristics for Pavements --------------------- 614.1 Imported Topsoil, Definition ---------------------- 62.5 Local Topsoil, Definition ---------------------------- 62.5 Soil Horizon ”A” ------------------------------------ 62.5 Soil Horizon “O” ------------------------------------- 62.5 Topsoil ------------------------------------------------ 706.3 Unified Soil Classification System --------------- 614.2 STAGE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 STAGE CONSTRUCTION ----------------------------------------------------------- 106.1 Freeway Connections with Local Roads --------- 106.2 STANDARDS SPACING Drainage Pipes --------------------------------------- 824.2 Vehicle ------------------------------------------------ 62.8 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 110 110.3 110.5 110.6 110.1 110.8 110.7 110.2 110.4 SPECIAL DESIGNS -----------------------------------------------------------Advisory ---------------------------------------------Approval for Nonstandard Design ---------------FHWA and AASHTO -----------------------------Mandatory -------------------------------------------Other Approval -------------------------------------Permissive -------------------------------------------- 80 82.1 82.2 82.3 82.1 82.1 82.1 STATE HIGHWAY, CROSS SECTIONS ------------------------------------------------------------ 307 also see CROSS SECTIONS STEEL STRUCTURES Colors ------------------------------------------------- 705.2 STEPPED SLOPES See RESEARCH/SPECIAL DESIGNS ----------------------------------------------------------- 304.5 SPECIAL STRUCTURES AND INSTALLATION ------------------------------------------------------------ 703 SPECIFIC ENERGY Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 864.3 SPEED Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.8 Comfortable (see MAXIMUM COMFORTABLE SPEED) Design (See DESIGN SPEED) High, Defintion -------------------------------------- 62.8 Low, Definition -------------------------------------- 62.8 Operating --------------------------------------------- 62.8 Posted ------------------------------------------------- 62.8 Running - ---------------------------------------------- 62.8 Speed Change Areas -------------------------------- 402.5 SPEED-CHANGE LANES ----------------------------------------------------------Intersections -----------------------------------------Left-turn Channelization --------------------------Pavement Transitions -------------------------------Right-turn Channelization -------------------------Speed Change Areas -------------------------------- SPIRAL TRANSITIONS ----------------------------------------------------------- 203.8 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 -----------------------------------------------------------Air Pollution, Control of --------------------------Control of Noxious Weeds -------------------------Earthquake Consideration -------------------------Overloaded Material Hauling, Design for ------Safety Reviews -------------------------------------Traffic Control Plans -------------------------------Water Pollution, Control of -----------------------Wetlands Protection --------------------------------- Paved -------------------------------------------------- 834.4 62.1 403.5 405.2 206 405.3 402.5 STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE see SIGHT DISTANCE STORAGE ----------------------------------------------------------Basin, Definition -----------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Depression -------------------------------------------Detention --------------------------------------------Interception ------------------------------------------Left-turns --------------------------------------------Retention, Definition -------------------------------Right-turns ------------------------------------------- 838.4 806.2 806.2 819.2 812.6 812.6 405.2 806.2 405.3 STORM Definition --------------------------------------------Design, Establishing -------------------------------Design, Recommended Criteria ------------------Drain, Definition ------------------------------------ 806.2 818.2 821.2 806.2 STP see SURFACE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM STREAM WATERS Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Index 27 March 7, 2014 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL STREETS Definitions -------------------------------------------- SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE 62.3 STREET FURNITURE Definitions -------------------------------------------- SUBURBAN 62.5 STRUCTURAL PLATE STRUCTURAL SECTION Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 831.3 Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 864.3 STRUCTURE APPROACH 601.3 208.11 672 208.11 673 STRUCTURE CLEARANCE 309 309.4 309.1 309.5 309.3 309.2 STRUCTURES, SLOPE TREATMENT UNDER SUPERELEVATION Axis of Rotation -------------------------------------- 202.4 Basic Criteria ----------------------------------------- 202.1 Bridge --------------------------------------------------- 203.9 Channels ----------------------------------------------- 866.2 City Streets and County Roads --------------------- 202.7 Comfortable Speeds --------------------------------- 202.2 Compound Curves ----------------------------------- 202.6 Ramps ------------------------------------------------- 504.3 Relationship to Speed on Curves ------------------ 203.2 Reversing Curves ------------------------------------ 203.6 Runoff ------------------------------------------------- 202.5 Standards ---------------------------------------------- 202.2 Transition --------------------------------------------- 202.5 SURFACE See SLOPE TREATMENT STRUTTING Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 SUBBASE Definition ---------------------------------------------Description -------------------------------------------Engineering Criteria --------------------------------Lime Treated -----------------------------------------Treated ------------------------------------------------- 62.7 602.1 663 662.2 662.2 Course, Definition ----------------------------------Course, Description ---------------------------------Runoff, Definition ----------------------------------Water, Definition ------------------------------------Water -------------------------------------------------- 62.7 602.1 806.2 806.2 831.1 SURFACE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM ---------------------------------------------------------- 43.1 SWALE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 SUBCRITICAL FLOW Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 864.3 SUBDRAIN Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.5 SWEPT WIDTH Definition -------------------------------------------- 62.4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 404.1 Design Considerations ------------------------------- 404.2 T SUBGRADE ----------------------------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Description -------------------------------------------Engineering Considerations -----------------------Enhancement Fabrics -------------------------------- 81.3 SUPERCRITICAL FLOW see PAVEMENT STRUCTURE ----------------------------------------------------------Elevated Structures ----------------------------------Horizontal --------------------------------------------Railroad ----------------------------------------------Tunnel ------------------------------------------------Vertical ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- SUMP Arches ------------------------------------------------- 852.6 Vehicular Underpasses ------------------------------ 852.6 Design Responsibilities ----------------------------Foundation: Embankment Design -----------------Pavement Systems ----------------------------------Slab-New Construction Projects ------------------Slab-Rehabilitation Projects ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------- 840 614 62.7 602.1 614.1 614.5 SUBSEAL ----------------------------------------------------------- 607.6 TAPERED INLET Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 826.4 TEXTURING Rigid Pavement --------------------------------------- 622.7 THREE-CENTER CURVE Intersections ------------------------------------------ 405.7 Index 28 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL September 22, 2014 THROUGHWAY Definition ---------------------------------------------- 62.3 TIME OF CONCENTRATION Channel Flow ---------------------------------------Combined Flow -------------------------------------Culvert Flow ----------------------------------------Kinematic Wave Equation ------------------------Kirpich Equation -----------------------------------Overland Equation ---------------------------------Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Equation -----Upland Method -------------------------------------- 816.6 816.6 816.6 816.6 816.6 816.6 816.6 816.6 TOLL ROAD, BRIDGE OR TUNNEL ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.3 TOPSOIL Roadside Treatment --------------------------------- 706.3 206.2 206.3 206 203.8 202.5 206.4 TRANSPIRATION ----------------------------------------------------------- 812.8 ----------------------------------------------------------- 819.2 TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AREA Definition --------------------------------------------- 81.3 Interchange Spacing -------------------------------- 501.3 TRASH RACK Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 822.2 TRAVELED WAY TRACKING WIDTH Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.4 ----------------------------------------------------------- 404.1 Design Considerations ------------------------------ 404.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 62.1 Design Considerations ------------------------------ 404.2 Standards ----------------------------------------------- 301 TREATED BASE AND SUBBASE TRAFFIC Axle Load Spectra ----------------------------------- 613.4 Considerations --------------------------------------- 401.3 Considerations in Pavement Engineering --------- 613 Control Devices ------------------------------------- 62.8 Control Devices ------------------------------------- 403.10 Control Plans, Special Problems ------------------ 110.7 Definitions -------------------------------------------- 62.8 Engineering ------------------------------------------ 82.7 Index, TI ---------------------------------------------- 613.3 Interchanges ------------------------------------------- 500 Islands ------------------------------------------------- 405.4 Lane --------------------------------------------------- 62.1 Markings ---------------------------------------------- 62.8 Noise Abatement ------------------------------------ 1100 Pedestrian Refuge ----------------------------------- 405.4 Ramp Intersection Flow ----------------------------- 406 Sign ---------------------------------------------------- 62.8 Signals ------------------------------------------------ 62.8 Specific Loading Considerations ------------------ 613.5 Volume Projections --------------------------------- 613.2 Volumes ---------------------------------------------- 102.1 TRAILS Multipurpose ---------------------------------------- 1003.5 TRANSIT Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) --------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Design Vehicle -------------------------------------Factors Affecting Design --------------------------Loading Facilities ----------------------------------Turning Templates ---------------------------------- Lane Additions -------------------------------------Lane Drops ------------------------------------------Pavement ---------------------------------------------Spiral -------------------------------------------------Superelevation --------------------------------------Temporary Freeway --------------------------------- 62.10 62.10 404.3 401.6 108.2 404.5 TRANSITIONS General Standards, Pavement ---------------------- 206.1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 662.2 TREATED PERMEABLE BASE AND SUBBASE ----------------------------------------------------------- 662.3 TREES Conventional Highways ---------------------------- 902.3 Freeways and Expressways ------------------------ 902.2 TRUCK Critical Lengths of Grade -------------------------Design Vehicle -------------------------------------Escape Ramps --------------------------------------Turning Templates ---------------------------------Turns -------------------------------------------------Weighing Facilities --------------------------------- 204.5 404.3 702.1 404.5 404.5 703.1 TRUMPET INTERCHANGE ----------------------------------------------------------- 502.2 TRUNK LINE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 838.4 TUNNEL Classification ----------------------------------------Clearances -------------------------------------------Liner Plate -------------------------------------------Projects ----------------------------------------------Structural Repairs with Steel Tunnel Liner Plate --------------------------------------------------- 110.12 309.3 852.6 110.12 853.7 TURBULENCE Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 Index 29 September 22, 2014 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Grade Line -------------------------------------------- 204.2 TURBULENT FLOW Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 UNTREATED GRANULAR BASE see BASE TURNING LANES Left-turn Channelization ---------------------------Right-turn Channelization -------------------------Separate ---------------------------------------------Traffic ------------------------------------------------Two-way Left-turn ----------------------------------- 405.2 405.3 62.1 403.6 405.2 TURNING RADIUS Minimum ---------------------------------------------- 62.4 TURNING TEMPLATES ----------------------------------------------------------- 404.3 Truck and Transit ------------------------------------ 407 TURNOUTS URBAN/URBANIZED Access Control --------------------------------------Corner Radii -----------------------------------------Definition --------------------------------------------Design Speed ----------------------------------------Drive way --------------------------------------------Horizontal Clearance -------------------------------Interchange Spacing --------------------------------Median Standards -----------------------------------Outer Separation ------------------------------------Position of Curbs and Dikes -----------------------Weaving Section ------------------------------------- 504.8 405.8 81.3 101.2 205.3 309.1 501.3 305.1 310.2 303.5 504.7 UTILITIES ----------------------------------------------------------- 204.5 at Walls ------------------------------------------------ 210.8 TURNS, PROHIBITED V Intersections ------------------------------------------ 403.8 TWO-LANE CROSS SECTIONS New Construction ------------------------------------ 307.2 RRR Projects ----------------------------------------- 307.3 TWO-QUADRANT CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGE VACATION Definition --------------------------------------------- 110.9 VALUE ANALYSIS ----------------------------------------------------------- 502.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 110.9 VEGETATIVE EROSION CONTROL TWO-WAY LEFT-TURN LANES ----------------------------------------------------------- 405.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.5 VELOCITY HEAD Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 864.3 U VERTICAL CLEARANCE UNDERCUT Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 865.2 VERTICAL CURVES ----------------------------------------------------------- 204.4 also see SIGHT DISTANCE UNDERDRAINS Design Criteria --------------------------------------Installations ------------------------------------------Open Joint --------------------------------------------Perforated Pipe --------------------------------------Pipe ---------------------------------------------------Selection of Type -----------------------------------Service Life ------------------------------------------- see CLEARANCES 842.4 842.2 842.5 842.5 842.5 842.7 842.6 UNDERFLOW Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 UNDERPASS Railroad, Grade Line -------------------------------- 204.8 Railroad ----------------------------------------------- 208.9 UNDIVIDED HIGHWAYS Axis of Rotation -------------------------------------- 202.4 VISTA POINTS Definition --------------------------------------------Aesthetic Factors ------------------------------------Design Standards ------------------------------------Features and Facilities ------------------------------General -----------------------------------------------Minimum Standards --------------------------------Site Selection ----------------------------------------Water Supply ----------------------------------------- 62.5 109.3 904 904.3 904.1 904.1 904.2 706.6 VOLUME ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.8 Design Hourly Volume ------------------------------ 103.1 Design Volume --------------------------------------- 62.8 Index 30 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL September 22, 2014 W WIDENING Pavement ---------------------------------------------Ramps, for Trucks ----------------------------------Pavement Design Life -----------------------------Pavement, Project Type ---------------------------Signalized Intersections ---------------------------Slope Benches and Cut Widening ----------------- WALKWAYS see PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES WALLS Head --------------------------------------------------- 826.3 WALLS, RETAINING see EARTH RETAINING SYSTEMS WATER Course, Definition ----------------------------------Pollution, Control of -------------------------------Quality Control Boards ----------------------------Shed --------------------------------------------------Table, Definition -----------------------------------Way, Definition -------------------------------------Wells, Abandonment -------------------------------- 806.2 110.2 110.2 819.2 806.2 806.2 110.2 WATER SUPPLY Roadside Rests --------------------------------------- 903.5 Roadside Rests and Landscaping ----------------- 706.6 Vista Points ------------------------------------------ 706.6 WIDTH Driveway, Access Openings on Expressways --Driveway, Urban -----------------------------------Lane --------------------------------------------------Lane, on Curves ------------------------------------Left Turn Lanes -------------------------------------Median -----------------------------------------------Opening for Falsework ----------------------------Pavement --------------------------------------------Right of Way -----------------------------------------Shoulder ---------------------------------------------Structures --------------------------------------------Swept, Definition -----------------------------------Swept, Design Considerations --------------------Tracking, Definition -------------------------------Tracking, Design Considerations ----------------- WAVE WEAVING ----------------------------------------------------------- 62.8 Sections ----------------------------------------------- 62.4 Sections, Interchange ------------------------------- 504.7 WEED CONTROL Noxious, Control of ---------------------------------- 110.5 WEEPHOLES Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 ----------------------------------------------------------- 872.2 WEIGHING FACILITIES Truck -------------------------------------------------- 703.1 WEIR Definition --------------------------------------------- 806.2 WELLS ----------------------------------------------------------- 841.5 Water, Abandonment ------------------------------- 110.2 WETLANDS PROTECTION ----------------------------------------------------------- 110.4 WHEELBASE WHEELCHAIR RAMPS see CURB RAMPS 205.1 205.3 301.1 504.3 405.2 305.1 204.8 301.1 306 302.1 208.1 62.4 404.2 62.4 404.2 Y Height ------------------------------------------------- 873.2 Run-up ------------------------------------------------ 873.2 Definition --------------------------------------------- 206.2 504.3 612.3 603.2 405.9 304.3 62.4 YARDS Maintenance ------------------------------------------ 107.2 Plant Sites, Contractors ------------------------------ 112
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