Photo by E.C. Stanley Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Community and Economic Development Extension Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension EDC 278—Revised May 2006 Lois Wright Morton Steve Padgitt Jan Flora Beverlyn Lundy Allen Jeff Zacharakis-Jutz Sandy Scholl Alan Jensen John Rodecap James West Joan Steffen-Baker Renea Miller LaDonna Osborn Extension Community and Economic Development (http://www.extension.iastate.edu/communities/) Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension (http://www.extension.iastate.edu/ag/) Department of Sociology (http://www.soc.iastate.edu/extension.html) 303 East Hall Iowa State University Ames, Iowa Revised May 2006 This manual was made possible by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), CP98705301Project, “Building and Sustaining Resident-led Watershed Management in At-risk Watersheds.” Photo by E.C. Stanley Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Executive Summary This community leaders’ guide offers a process for local residents to come together as a group to learn about their watershed and become more actively involved in the management of their waters. It is designed for use by local leaders, community development specialists, extension educators, and technical experts who are seeking ways to increase citizen participation in land use and water decisions. There are five basic assumptions that support this process: 1. Meaningful citizen involvement can make a difference in local programs for improving water quality. 2. Science and local knowledge exchanges are essential foundations to effective watershed management. 3. Citizens want to and can learn how to collect, evaluate, and integrate information about their lands and waters. 4. A group structure provides a way for citizens to learn about their watershed and influence public and private decisions. 5. Citizen groups must partner with government and private groups to expand physical, technical, social, economic, and political knowledge and resources. The development of an active citizen group that can effectively partner with other citizen groups, government, and natural resource experts takes time. The general process is as follows: May 2006 1. One person who is passionate about the watershed and willing to talk to others about it acts as a catalyst. This one person (it could be a Soil and Water Conservation District Commissioner, your neighbor, a school teacher, a student, you or me) connects with others who care about local water issues. 2. As a result, a core planning group develops to prepare a communitywide information meeting. This community meeting is not just called in “crisis” situations but whenever citizens want to get together to improve their watershed or see symptoms that could lead to water quality or quantity problems. 3. A community-wide meeting is held for people to exchange with each other what they know about their watershed and how they view it. 4. As an outgrowth of the community meeting, a voluntary watershed group of self-selected citizens meet regularly around a growing vision of their watershed. This vision is created through building personal knowledge of their watershed and reflectively thinking about its past, present and future. The vision is facilitated by increasing trust among members of the watershed group. 5. Experts are invited to share the science of the ecological system and technical responses so that the watershed group and community at large can build personal knowledge for evaluating problems, proposing alternatives and solutions. 6. The watershed group develops a clear mission statement with objectives to guide action and puts in place a leadership structure for guiding group activities. 7. The group frequently communicates to the whole watershed community what the group is learning and doing as well as continually extends invitations for others to join and participate. 8. Watershed citizens undertake activities that support the community vision and the watershed group’s intent and mission. 9. The group continually engages their environment strengthening relationships and knowledge about: social (schools, developers, land use rules and regulations); political (elected commissioners, supervisors-taxation, rules and regulations); environment (flooding, excessive bacteria counts, high nitrogen levels) and works with the community to seek solutions. The group negotiates, leverages, cajoles, and cooperates with others to achieve the community watershed vision. There are 11 sections to this manual. The first section (Section 1) lists the basic assumptions for involving citizens in local watershed management and offers definitions of a watershed community, where to find a topographic map of your watershed, and a table of nonpoint source pollutants and how they impact water quality. Sections 2 through 6 describe the process and examples for planning a community forum and starting a citizen watershed group. Section 2 offers a “Community Readiness” test and lays out the process for setting up a committee to plan a community-wide forum. The test assists local leaders in evaluating the current interest and potential of citizens to get more involved in watershed management. The role of a third party facilitator in moderating the community forum and supporting the organizational development of the citizen group is described in Section 3. Section 4 lays out in detail the goals, agenda, invitees, and public relations process of preparing for the community forum. The goal of the community forum is to get residents of the community together to talk about their watershed. This section also offers handout templates and examples for modification by the planning committee. Section 4 ends with a handout used in the community forum that asks if people have an interest in meeting regularly to talk about and act on issues in their watershed. Section 5 provides direction for making a decision about forming a citizen watershed group after the community forum. The main question for discussion in the first meeting after the community forum is, “Are we ready to form a local watershed group?” If the answer is “yes,” Section 5 offers guidance in developing group intent and mission, potential group members and partners, watershed awareness and information needs, and a group structure. Section 6 describes basic group developmental stages and how to choose group-building strategies for sustaining member interest. Once the citizen group has formed, begun to learn about their watershed, and clarified their group mission and intent, they will be ready to partner with other groups. Section 7 describes a number of public and private local and state partners. These partners have expert knowledge, skills, financial, and time resources that local citizen groups need to accomplish the community vision for their watershed. Section 8 offers a troubleshooting table that can help watershed group leaders and members identify problems in group process and outcomes and strategies for solving them. Section 9 addresses the different ways citizen groups can acquire information and data about their watershed and the people who live there. Section 10 suggests additional websites and informational materials that support the process by which watershed groups develop and the activities they undertake. The last section, Section 11, is a glossary of watershed terms. In conclusion, we encourage you to modify the processes in this Facilitator’s Guide to meet the needs of your community and your watershed group. Seek out opportunities to learn what other groups are doing to solve their water issues. Persist in the face of difficult situations. Remember there is strength in working together, so keep talking even when you disagree. Meaningful long-term change comes about slowly. Our common goal is the health of our shared waters. We wish you success. This publication is funded by the U.S. EPA Region VII Water Quality Cooperative Agreement Program Contract No. CP98705301. Prepared by Lois Wright Morton, Steve Padgitt, Jan Flora, Beverlyn Lundy Allen, Jeff Zacharakis-Jutz, Sandy Scholl, Alan Jensen, John Rodecap, James West, Joan Steffen-Baker, Renea Miller and LaDonna Osborn, Iowa State University Extension Community and Economic Development, Department of Sociology, Ames, Iowa. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/communities/ . . . and justice for all The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Many materials can be made available in alternative formats for ADA clients. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 202509410 or call 202-720-5964. Photo by E.C. Stanley Table of Contents Section 1: Assumptions and definitions of community watershed management Section 2: Getting startedpreparing for a community watershed meeting Section 3: The role of third party facilitation Section 4: Conducting the first community watershed meeting Section 5: Community watershed group formation Section 6: Sustaining local interest Section 7: Local, state, and federal partners Section 8: Troubleshooting Section 9: Ways of knowing A. Strategies and techniques for acquiring local knowledge about watersheds B. GIS: Displaying and presenting data to build local knowledge and guide decision making Section 10: Resources/websites Section 11: Glossary of watershed terms Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities i Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 1: Assumptions and definitions of community watershed management Citizen involvement in community watershed management doesn't just happen. Citizens must have opportunities to talk to others and learn about water issues. For them to act on water concerns, they must believe they can make a difference and have access to resources. In addition to sound science, technical support, and financial resources, they need to learn the process of working together as a groupas a watershed community. This manual is designed for community leaders, community development specialists, extension educators, and technical experts. It contains processes and resources for developing and supporting a community organization of citizens who want to learn about their watershed and partner with others to manage and protect it. The problem Iowa occupies less than 5 percent of the Mississippi River drainage basin. However, the state, on average, supplies almost 25 percent of the nitrate-N that the Mississippi River delivers to the Gulf of Mexico (Libra 1998:7). Other nonpoint source pollutants in Iowas waters include sediment, excessive Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities Basic assumptions about community watershed management: 1. Citizen-based efforts can make a difference. The key to effective, high impact sustainable programs is local ownership of the process. 2. The exchange of information drawn from both science and local knowledge is an essential foundation for effective watershed management. 3. As citizens learn how to collect, evaluate, and integrate information, they are positioned to partner with others to protect their local lands and waters. 4. An organizational structure provides citizens a way to influence, modify, and support land use and water improvement practices. 5. Local efforts are successful when citizens, natural resource professionals, community development specialists, and community leaders act in partnership to address watershed issues. 1-1 phosphorous, synethic organic chemicals, and microorganisms. Estimate of Iowas Nitrate-Nitrogen Export to the Mississippi River Water pollution is not just a downstream 1 2 problem that threatens Iowa landholders with new regulations. It is a Source: Robert D. Libra. "Nitrate-Nitrogen: Iowas Unintended Export." Iowa Geology local issue that 1998, Number 23. Iowa Department of Natural Resources. affects the quality of life of everyone in Iowa. Streams and lakes Nonpoint source pollution is the cumulative provide habitat for fish and wildlife. Water result of everyones land use practices. assures agricultural productivity and Pollution occurs in our activities of daily economic opportunities for existing living: when used oil is poured on the businesses to expand and new ones to ground or down the drain, when livestock relocate to the state. Iowa waters are wade in a stream, when a farmer or lawn sources of industrial and economic owner applies too much fertilizer, when development, flood control, fishing, septic systems are inadequate, and when boating, swimming, and visual pleasure. urban growth paves over land, thereby Impaired waters threaten the social, accelerating runoff. physical, and economic well being of everyone. The key to understanding and solving the problem is to get everyone involved. Iowa has not ignored the problem of water quality. Private and public organizations and One way to get everyone involved is to agencies have mobilized to understand the proactively initiate community-led sources of pollution and to implement watershed management. People who live interventions. Farmers and other in a watershed are the first line of defense landowners have developed and adopted new against contaminated waters to reduce land use practices to improve and protect pollution. All the money and expertise in water quality. Research and demonstration the world wont solve water problems until projects have proven the effectiveness and local watershed residents and landowners profitability of best management practices invest their time and energies in creating a that reduce sediment runoff and excessive new norm a norm that values local nitrates and phosphorous. Yet, the need to streams, rivers, lakes, groundwater supply, expand current projects for additional water and wetlands, and holds everyone quality protection continues. accountable for actions that threaten this vital resource base of the community. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities 1-2 What's a watershed community? A watershed community is a group of people who are bound together by the land that drains water into the physical flow of their common streams, rivers, lakes, or other bodies of water. A watershed community can be as small as the land basin (sub-watershed) and as large as people from multiple subwatersheds are willing to undertake. Water belongs to everyone. As a resource held in common, it is easy for no one to take responsibility for it. An engaged watershed community takes responsibility for understanding their land and water relationships and working with scientists to manage them in ways that benefit the whole community. What is community watershed management? Community watershed management means the people of the watershed invest their time, talents, energies, and personal resources in acquiring the knowledge they need to take an active role in managing their watershed. Watershed residents partner with elected officials, those with a financial stake in local lands, and natural resource experts to gather information and make decisions about local policies and land use practices that protect and add value to their land and waters. They frequently and systematically communicate with others within their watershed and connecting watersheds. Maps of the Watershed Most roadmaps show major water bodies of a region. However, smaller streams, rivers, and lakes are often not marked on transportation maps. Detailed topographic maps of the land and waters in a particular region are available from the U.S. Geological Survey. A map is usually named after the most prominent city, town, or natural landmark shown on it. State maps and smaller scale maps are available. Refer to Catalog of Topographic and Other Published Maps for names, dates, and prices. Map Distribution USGS Map Sales Box 15286, Federal Center, Bldg. 810 Denver, CO 80225 or http://mac.usgs.gov/mac/findmaps.html Iowa topographic maps can be downloaded from the USDA NRCS site at Iowa State University: http://ortho.gis.iastate.edu/drg24/drg24.html Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities 1-3 Community watershed groups can partner with Soil and Water Conservation District Commissioners, environmental groups, farmers, businesses, District Conservationists, natural resource professionals, and others to: 1. help establish communication networks with other watershed residents and groups, 2. educate and motivate others in the watershed to get involved, 3. initiate demonstration and field trials of best management practices, 4. collect local data such as water quality monitoring, wildlife inventories, resource inventories, and surveys of farmer and resident land use practices, 5. undertake watershed activities such as willow planting, trash clean-up, prairie and tree plantings, 6. identify priorities for allocating limited public financial resources, 7. set local water quality and quantity goals, 8. plan strategies for achieving goals, 9. offer innovative solutions for controlling potential water pollution, and 10. identify and seek additional funds to support local efforts to solve water quality problems. A first step in developing a local watershed group is the convening of residents to discuss their water. Initially, they may not agree on the existence of water pollution in the community, sources of water contamination, or possible solutions. But, if they can agree on a meeting date, time, and place, they are off to a good start. Sharing local knowledge Watershed residents can begin to build local knowledge by discussing with each other what they already know about their watershed. This means they talk with each other about historical and current Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities experiences swimming, fishing, trapping, bird watching, irrigating, and drinking water. This local knowledge provides a foundation for thinking about their own personal and business practices that contribute to the quality of their water (see Figure 1). It should also lead to realizing there is a lot they dont know about their own watershed. This prepares them to ask questions and search for more information. The search for more information often leads to collecting expert and local knowledge. After sorting and evaluating the information, citizens are ready to frame watershed issues in their own language. 1-4 known science economic and social contexts available resources Alternative Solutions intervention feedback from past practices Framing the Problem local experiences and attitudes local data about watershed Figure 1. Inputs for developing alternative solutions Then, as a local group forms, watershed residents are ready to begin as a group to talk about what needs to be done and what strategies are necessary to accomplish their goals. Watershed groups are a diverse collection of people who have different reasons for wanting to better protect and manage their waters. They are farmers, rural landowners, business or retired people, students, teachers, sports enthusiasts, conservationists, and residents of rural and urban cities and towns. Some will be afraid that a federal or state agency will regulate Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities the management of their lands and see a group effort as an opportunity to combat outside mandates. Others will be nature lovers, hunters, or environmentalists committed to conservation. Some will have had personal experience with illness or disease that they attribute to water quality issues. Some will be concerned about regional economic vitality and see clean water as an essential attribute for attracting and retaining businesses. Community watershed groups must deliberately create an open environment for all of these viewpoints to be voiced and seriously discussed. 1-5 Things to think about ♦ Local groups must understand their water problems and feel they can make a difference. Agencies which convene local groups must be prepared to let citizens make a difference. ♦ Communication among citizens and agencies supporting local groups must be as open and voluntary as possible. ♦ Local citizen priorities (as well as the resource system they are part of) are dynamic and will be constantly changing. ♦ Free exchanges of information and communication among citizens and natural resource experts is essential if they are to learn from each other and develop action strategies that make a difference. ♦ Local groups are always nested in other decision-making structures within the county, region, state, and nation. Environmental, economic, social, and political decisions within and outside of the watershed influence what kinds of actions are possible. ♦ Reliance on government agencies alone to solve complex resource management problems may miss important water problems and solutions. ♦ A neutral third party facilitator is beneficial in the organizational formation of community watershed groups. ♦ Local citizen groups replace "educating" with "learning." People engage in change best when given an opportunity to co-create their environment. ♦ Conflict is inevitable when people feel strongly about their environment. The challenge is to redirect conflict and controversy to energize people to better manage and protect their water resources. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities 1-6 Notes to facilitator and community leaders: 1. Table 1 summarizes major pollutants, their sources, and water quality impacts. 2. Each watershed will have different water problems of concern to citizens: flooding, loss of fishing quality and implications for tourism, threats by EPA to regulate farm production practices, health impacts of inadequate septic systems, high bacteria counts and pesticides in drinking water, closed beaches and reduced water quantities due to drought or overuse. Some citizens will believe they do not have a problem because their stream or lake is not on the EPA 303(d) impaired waters list (http:www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/epd/wtresrce/ 303dnotc.htm). However, every watershed is at risk if citizens dont take proactive steps to prevent practices and policies that result in poor water quality and reduced quantity. 3. A glossary of watershed terms can be found at the back of this manual. See Section 2 for a test of community readiness. A community meeting small group report. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities Photo by Peggy Murdoch 1-7 Table 1. Some Nonpoint Source Pollutants, Their Sources, and Water Quality Impacts. POLLUTANT SOURCES WATER QUALITY AND RELATED IMPACTS sediment agriculture crops & grazing decreases water clarity and light transmission through water, which: - causes a decrease in aquatic plant production - obscures sources of food, habitats, refuges, and nesting sites of fish - interferes with fish behaviors which rely on sight, such as mating activities adversely affects respiration of fish by clogging gills fills gravel spaces in stream bottoms, smothering fish eggs and juveniles inhibits feeding and respiration of macroinvertebrates, an important component of fish diets decreases dissolved oxygen concentration acts as a substrate for organic pollutants, including pesticides decreases recreational, commercial and aesthetic values of streams decreases quality of drinking water forestry urban runoff construction mining pesticides agriculture herbicides forestry urban runoff kill aquatic organisms that are not targets adversely affect reproduction, growth, respiration, and development in aquatic organisms reduce food supply and destroy habitat of aquatic species accumulate in tissues of plants, macroinvertebrates and fish some are carcinogenic (cause cancer), mutagenic (induce changes in genetic materials-(DNA), and/or teratogenic (cause birth defects) create health hazards for humans consuming contaminated fish or drinking water lower organisms’ resistance and increase susceptibility to diseases and environmental stress decreases photosynthesis in aquatic plants reduces recreational and commercial activities accumulate in tissues of plants, microinvertebrates and fish toxic to aquatic life adhere to sediments; persist in environment longer than most chlorinated compounds polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) urban runoff polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) urban runoff accumulate in tissues of plants, macroinvertebrates and fish when disgested, create substances which are carcinogenic (cancer-causing) toxic to aquatic life toxicity is affected by salinity; estuaries with low salinities may be the most biologically sensitive petroleum hydrocarbons urban runoff water soluble components can be toxic to aquatic life portions may adhere to organic matter and be deposited in sediment may adversely affect biological functions landfills Table 1 provided courtesy of the Adopt-A-Stream Foundation from the Streamkeepers Field Guide, all rights reserved. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities 1-8 Table 1. Some Nonpoint Source Pollutants, Their Sources, and Water Quality Impacts, continued. POLLUTANT SOURCES WATER QUALITY AND RELATED IMPACTS pathogens and fecal bacteria agriculture forestry urban runoff create human health hazard increase costs of treating drinking water reduce recreational value nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen) agriculture overstimulate growth of algae and aquatic plants, which later, through their decay, cause: - reduced oxygen levels that adversely affect fish and other aquatic organisms - turbid conditions that eliminate habitat and food sources for aquatic organisms - reduced recreational opportunities - reduced water quality and increased costs of treatment - a decline in sensitive fish species and an over-abundance of nutrient-tolerant fish species, decreasing overall diversity of the fish community - premature aging of streams, lakes, & estuaries high concentrations of nitrates can cause health problems in infants forestry urban runoff construction metals urban runoff industrial runoff mining automobile use sulfates mining industrial runoff radionuclides mining and ore processing nuclear power-plant fuel & wastes commercial/ industry salts agriculture mining urban runoff adversely affect reproduction rates and life spans of aquatic organisms adversely disrupt food chain in aquatic environments accumulate in bottom sediments, posing risks to bottom feeding organisms accumulate in tissues of plants, macroinvertebrates, and fish reduce water quality lower pH (increase acidity) in streams which stresses aquatic life and leaches toxic metals out of sediment and rocks high acidity and concentrations of heavy metals can be fatal to aquatic organisms, may eliminate entire aquatic communities release radioactive substances into streams some are toxic, carcinogenic (cancer causing) and mutagenic (induce change in genetic materials-DNA) some break down into “daughter” products, such as radium and lead, which are toxic and carcinogenic to aquatic organisms some persist in the environment for thousands of years and continue to emit radiation accumulate in tissues, bones and organs where they can continue to emit radiation eliminate salt intolerant species, decreasing diversity can fluctuate in concentration, adversely affecting both tolerant and intolerant species impact stream habitats and plants which are food sources for macroinvertebrates reduce crop yield decrease quality of drinking water reduce recreation values through high salinity levels and high evaporation rates Table 1 provided courtesy of the Adopt-A-Stream Foundation from the Streamkeepers Field Guide, all rights reserved. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders' Guide to Building Watershed Communities 1-9 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 2: Getting started Multi-objective planning Community readiness Watershed residents bring multiple concerns and a variety of potential solutions to public watershed discussions. These issues include flooding, water quality, economic vitality, and conservation of natural resources. When residents are involved in a watershed management planning process they are engaging in multi-objective planning. To achieve these objectives, effective watershed groups will partner with other residents, public agencies, and private organizations and businesses to: Each watershed community is uniquely different in its physical, social, political, and economic organization. This uniqueness will affect how ready community members are to undertake a group effort to solve watershed problems. To test the readiness of the watershed youre working with, answer the questions on the following page. Ask several local leaders including Soil and Water Conservation District Commissioners and District Conservationists to take the test. 4 Inventory watershed resources and If you answer yes to any of the questions on the following page, your community may be ready to tackle some watershed management initiatives. If you answer yes to the majority of these questions, you have a very hot community topic. Residents are ready to develop a local group to address their water issues. If you circle a lot of, Dont Know, you need to collect more information about what people are thinking and talking about. Talk to community leaders, landowners, businesses, and residents of the region to determine how important water issues are. conditions 4 Analyze watershed problems 4 Establish watershed goals and objectives 4 Consider best management practices and solutions to achieve goals and objectives 4 Develop effective action plans 4 Engage in implementing action plans 4 Monitor actions and changes in the watershed and water quality 4 Evaluate progress toward watershed goals; realign goals, activities, and outcomes as situations change 4 Become a dynamic group as goals/ situations within the watershed change Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-1 Community Readiness 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Yes No Don’t Know Is water quality or quantity a topic of informal discussions when residents get together? 1 2 3 Do people talk about swimming, boating, and fishing in local waters? 1 2 3 In the last year or so, has your watershed been in the news? Have there been newspaper, radio or TV stories, letters to the editor and opinion pieces about flooding or local water quality/quantity problems? 1 2 3 Do you have one or more local groups that feel passionate about the environment and are involved in activities to improve it? 1 2 3 Are residents “showing up” at planning board, town council, or county supervisor meetings and expressing concern about the impact of development on the environment? 1 2 3 Are leaders and staff of agencies and organizations promoting watershed management planning and are they willing to listen to and involve citizens? 1 2 3 Are farmers and landowners searching for solutions to soil and nutrient loss to reduce input costs and retain soil productivity? 1 2 3 Do you have business leaders who want to draw new business to the region and see water resources as a valuable amenity? 1 2 3 Do the people in the watershed drink the water from their watershed region? 1 2 3 Has a water crisis occurred in the last 5 years (flooding, drought, accidental chemical spills, discovery of an endangered species)? 1 2 3 Is the watershed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 303d impaired waters list? (This watershed is a prime candidate for state and federal regulation and intervention.) 1 2 3 L.W. Morton. 2002. Community Readiness. Department of Sociology, Iowa State University. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-2 Time and commitment Community watershed management is a long-term commitment. It may take a year or two for a local group to form and develop plans for activities and strategies to achieve their vision for the watershed. Short and medium term projects will help sustain resident involvement and interest. Until the group is formed and recognized by local decision making bodies, it will be at risk of falling apart. If local residents perceive that they are unable to contribute to the public decision making process about how land within the watershed is managed, they will lose interest and leave the group. Since successful watershed groups bring together a diversity of interests in the watershed, it is often appropriateindeed necessaryto select an outside facilitator who can focus on involving all segments of the community in the new organization. The facilitators role is to: encourage the group to persist, offer guidance in developing the group structure, and moderate and facilitate the group discussions until leadership structure is in place. (See Section 3 for more details on the role of the facilitator.) Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities Forming the first core group: A planning committee to involve residents It only takes one motivated person to see the need for citizen involvement in a watershed and a willingness to act. (See Section 5 for an overview of the Process of Group Formation, Figure 5.4.) That one person can become a catalyst by finding others with similar concerns. This core group of people provides the initial impetus for community action. The goal of this group is to bring together landowners, residents, and other stakeholders to talk about their watershed. A plan might include the following: What: A face-to-face community meeting where watershed residents can talk with each other. Planning Committee: Ask 4-7 people to form a working committee to plan the community meeting. Include people who represent different sectors of the community (e.g., farmer, rural resident, urban and suburban residents, environmentalist) as well as those who have a passion and concern for the environment. Who to Invite: All landowners, farm operators, and residents of the watershed; also businesses, industries, government agencies and institutions located in the watershed. See Figure 2.1 for more examples. Invitations can be mailed to all residents. In person, word-of-mouth invitations or phone calls are the most 2-3 effective. Posters, announcements at group meetings, radio and newspaper notices will also encourage and remind residents to attend. When: Choose a date and time when most of the landowners can attend. Some groups have chosen a week night, 7-9 p.m.; larger watershed groups have convened an allday meeting, 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Avoid planting and harvest seasons to ensure farmers can attend. Where: Choose a neutral location, e.g., library, city hall, or community center, where everyone will feel comfortable. Some of these costs can be covered through donations from organizations and agencies involved in the planning process. A sponsoring agency (Resource Conservation & Development [RC&D], Cooperative Extension, Soil & Water Conservation District [SWCD] office, municipal water agencies) can provide valuable in-kind support and coordination. If additional funds are needed, the planning group will need to explore small grants or in-kind support from the SWCD office and/or make personal requests to local businesses, Farm Bureau, churches, and groups like Trees Forever and Izaak Walton League. Agenda: The goal of the meeting is to identify residents and others who are willing to form a local watershed group. A community development facilitator can help shape the agenda. Section 4 of this manual offers details on developing an agenda and conducting the meeting. Budget: Costs of the meeting may include: ♦ room rental ♦ invitations to the meeting: invitation design, printing, and mailing (postage) ♦ community posters about the meeting ♦ facilitator ♦ refreshments ♦ handouts (maps, educational materials, and sign-up forms) Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-4 civic interes ts d *lan s er own d cte s ele i c i a l off bu pe sine rso ss ns *la ope nd rato rs al ent nm iro sts env ntere i dia me sons r pe co san unty itar ian agricultural interests *rural non-farm residents Community Meeting *u sub rban/ res urban ide nts educators and students ion eat p r c re rou g *These are potentially critical people who need to make up a large part of the group. Figure 2.1. Invitations to the community meeting should include primary stakeholders and all sectors that are affected by the watershed Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-5 Community Meeting Checklist q Form a planning committee of 4-7 members who represent multiple watershed interests. This core group will probably be the core of the councilbe sure it is not a committee of agency, education, and business peoplethis needs to be comprised of landowners and residents who have personal stakes in the watershed. (Use the blank spidergram, Figure 2.2, to construct your own spidergram and then discuss it with others.) q Select a meeting date, time, and location. q Develop a timeline for meeting preparation. q Plan a budget, request donated services and facilities. q Seek additional funding if necessary. q Select a facilitator to conduct the community meeting (see Section 3). q Compile an invitation list (includes all watershed residents and their addresses). Agency partners can help prepare the list; the planning committee can review for additions or deletions. q Create the agenda for first meeting (see Section 4 for an example). q Design, print, and mail invitations. Include a concise statement of issues and a map of the watershed (see sample). Everyone should be notified 5 times (early for them to save the date, 2 mail contacts 3 weeks and 1 week prior to the meeting, newspaper and posters and personal invitations). q Publicity: newspaper, posters, radio, letters to editor, columnists contacted. Write media news releases 3 weeks and 1 week before the meeting (see example at the end of this section). q Refreshments q Identify and reproduce handouts (see Section 4). Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-6 Watershed Community Meeting Figure 2.2. Primary stakeholders and local interests that should be included in our watershed community meeting Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-7 Publicity Example Opinion/Editorial Article for The Tribune Ames, Iowa March 12, 2001 At an ISU conference on March 5-7 entitled Agriculture and the Environment: State and Federal Water Initiatives, I learned that we are on the verge of a dramatic change in the focus of soil and water management practices throughout the nation. This change in focus is critical to bringing about improvement and protection of water quality in our rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. Under the Clean Water Act, state and federal agencies working together with citizens groups and individuals are beginning to impose numeric concentration and mass limits on pollutants that enter rural and municipal stormwater discharges, especially discharges to already polluted waters. The pollutants are collectively referred to as either non-point source (NPS) or point source (PS) pollutants. The limits that are being imposed are expressed as Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). The implications for farmers and local communities nationwide in terms of pollution control costs, growth management, and land-use planning are unprecedented. When the health of our streams, rivers and lakes is threatened, each of us is threatened. The solution to this problem starts with each of us in our own backyard, on our city streets and parking lots, in our place of work, in our parks, and on our farms. If we dont take the necessary steps to clean up our waters locally, Congress has given the Environmental Protection Agency the authority to impose solutions. In lieu of this happening, resident-led management initiatives offer the opportunity for people to voluntarily get involved in their watershed and to find their own solutions. Federal and state funding incentives are available in support of these voluntary initiatives. Iowa State University Extension is pioneering the development of volunteer resident-led management approaches in several small watersheds in northeast Iowa. Resident-led watershed groups consist of people bound together by the physical flow of their common streams, rivers, or lakes--people who live and work in the same watershed and are willing to work together to develop local policies and practices that protect their waters. Most importantly, they care about keeping the land whole and the water clean. We saw the beginning of this process over the last year when Ames and Story County residents came together on several occasions to voice their concerns over water quality issues at Halletts Quarry and College Creek. The Story County Water Monitoring Group was organized to help monitor local streams and lakes as part of a state-wide volunteer-led monitoring effort called IOWATER. Frequent flooding on Squaw Creek and the Skunk River has destroyed homes and damaged property and the City of Ames has had to struggle with the process of revising floodway boundaries within our floodplains. Comprehensive watershed and floodplain management are absolutely essential to protecting water quality, reducing peak flows during wet periods, and preventing our streams and wells from going dry during drought. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-8 What can resident-led groups do? Sociologist Lois Wright Morton, and a team of associates in ISU Extension to Communities have authored a publication entitled Resident-led Watershed Mangement that includes a long list of action items for groups made up of conservationists, farmers, environmentalists, business people, educators, local governments, and natural resource technicians. These groups form watershed councils that assume an expanded role beyond that of an advisory committee. Council members educate themselves about land use and water quality issues in their watershed. They continuously gather and share information and seek local partners in solving the problems of their watershed. Councils are action-oriented and have personal stakes in how their watershed resources are managed. When residents and natural resource experts work as a team they can make sustainable changes in farm management, urban lawn care, municipal stormwater management and other land use practices that lead to clean water. At the Agriculture and Environment Conference I heard several success stories from resident-led watershed management groups from Appanoose, Clayton and Jones counties. It was inspiring to hear Pauline Anson, farmer and retired school teacher from Jones County tell how Mineral Creek Watershed residents are making a difference. Local citizens soon will have the opportunity to get involved with a resident-led group for the Squaw Creek Watershed, a 231-square-mile area that includes parts of Boone, Hamilton, Story, and Webster counties. More than a 1000 invitations have been mailed to landowners, farmers, city and county officials, and others to attend a stakeholders meeting on Thursday, March 22, 9:00 AM to 3:30 PM, in the Scheman Building at Iowa State University. The purpose of the meeting will be to identify problems and create solutions to long-term water quality. Anyone who lives, manages land, works or cares about Squaw Creek Watershed is welcome. The preregistration fee is $10 ($15 on the day of the meeting) and includes lunch. You can pre-register by downloading a form from the internet at: http://www.lifeleamer.iastate.edu/conference/yearOl 03con£htm or by contacting Erv Klaas at: [email protected] or 515-294-7990 during regular business hours. Erwin Klaas, Story County Soil and Water Conservation District Commissioner, 1405 Grand Ave., Ames, Iowa 50010 * 515-294-7990 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-9 SAMPLE INVITATION TO A COMMUNITY MEETING [Name of your watershed] connects farmers, residents, and all those with interests in [names of counties your watershed is in] counties to each other and to the land that is a part of us. In recent years there has been growing concern about the quality and safety of the water in [name of your watershed]. We can make a difference! Join us in talking about issues, concerns, successes, and challenges in preserving the special beauty and water quality of [name of creek(s)]. Help us plan for the future of the [name of your watershed]. Insert a map of your watershed here. http://ortho.gis.iastate.edu/drg24/drg24.html We are forming a community group for the [name of your watershed]. Residents and landowners in [names of counties] Counties who live, work, and have interests in the [name of your watershed] are invited to join us for a community discussion. The meeting will be held from [times] on [date] at [place]. If you are unable to attend but interested in joining this effort, please contact [name of contact, phone number, email]. DAY OF WEEK, DATE – TIME (from) – (to) Time Registration Time Getting to know our watershed How has our watershed changed? Current uses of our watershed Time Renewing our watershed; responding to the challenge How can watershed residents contribute to local solutions? What are possible resident roles in managing our local watershed? Your concerns about the watershed Strategies for local actions Documented water issues Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-10 SAMPLE REGISTRATION FORM (ON-SITE OR EARLY) [NAME OF YOUR WATERSHED] MEETING – [Date] Participant Information First Name Last Name County e-mail Day Phone Fax Evening Phone Street Address City State Zip Code What is your relationship to the [Name of Your Watershed] W atershed? Check as many as apply: landowner, but don’t live in the watershed landowner who lives in the watershed resident, but don’t own land manage one or more farm(s) in the watershed own/manage a business in the watershed local elected/regulatory official with policy/practice oversight that affects the watershed natural resources agency personnel with watershed responsibilities land developer land use planner other (please specify) It’s Easy to Register! Name of where to send registration and who to call if questions: Name Address City, State, Zip Phone Fax Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-11 SAMPLE SAVE-THE-DATE POSTCARD local media and posters. Watch for more details in SAVE THE DATE! A community meeting to discuss water quality issues A joint project of [your Soil and Water Conservation District, watershed citizens, Iowa State University Extension, and . . . insert sponsoring partners] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities :DWHUVKHG&RPPXQLW\0HHWLQJ 'DWH 7LPH /RFDWLRQ 2-12 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 3: The role of third party facilitation People have different uses for and place different levels of importance on the land and waters in their watershed. Water is a shared resource whose management often creates conflicting expectations about acceptable levels of water availability, access, quantity, and quality. Regions may have already experienced conflicts and controversies about flood plains and development, endangered species, impaired water designations, contaminated drinking water sources, intensive livestock management, and agricultural production practices. These multiple understandings about the extent of problems and alternative solutions can lead to polarized standoffs without problem solving outcomes. emergence of citizen awareness and action. Facilitators also ensure the representation of all stakeholders providing a neutral ground for those who may not have cordial relationships. When all community stakeholders are involved, people will hold diverse opinions and perspectives. It is important to allow these differences to be voiced in public discussions. These potentially uncomfortable exchanges can be sources of innovative solutions, improved practices, and expanding local resources. The third party facilitator is essential in providing opportunities for minority and dissenting viewpoints to be People in watershed communities have historical relationships with each other. These connections may inhibit free exchange of information and reproduce biases that are barriers to solving water pollution problems. Being a good neighbor may include not voicing concern about land management practices that are destructive to the land. Third party facilitators are valuable in assessing and building community readiness to act. They can facilitate the Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities Photo by Lois Wright Morton The facilitator helps citizen groups frame their watershed issues and search for alternative solutions. 3-1 expressed. When local citizens convene and politely agree, real disagreements and disapproval of the resource use of others is not allowed to emerge. This becomes a barrier to identifying true water contamination problems and finding technically and politically supportable solutions. The third party facilitator may have to assume the unpopular role of pushing the community to face its water issues. Once a community identifies its water problems, the facilitator then guides the group in building capacity to ask the right questions, to obtain data, and to construct cooperative solutions and act on them. Polarized positions and people who are not open to new information nor respectful of differing viewpoints often are barriers to effective problem solving. The role of the facilitator is to draw out personal perceptions about what is happening to the watershed without compromising the individual who volunteered these perceptions. The third party facilitator creates a neutral and safe zone for citizens to share their knowledge, opinions, and values and to learn from each other. In this role, the facilitator encourages problem solving around watershed use by mediating conflict and drawing out suppressed knowledge. The facilitator creates an environment in which respectful discussions can occur. This person has skills in group dynamics and processes that can help the planning group accomplish its agenda. However, it is not the facilitators role to solve local problems. It is the responsibility of residents in the watershed to seek information and frame problems, seek alternative solutions, make policy and practice recommendations, undertake activities in support of selected solutions, and evaluate the end results. The facilitators role is to: 1. work with the steering committee or a few key people to develop meeting goals and agendas, 2. coordinate discussion and decision making among multiple stakeholders, 3. ensure organizational continuity and cohesiveness until a group forms that is able to assume leadership, 4. create a respectful environment in which differences of opinion can be shared, 5. ensure divergent voices are included in public decisions, and 6. mediate, negotiate, and redirect conflicting viewpoints into productive problem solving. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 3-2 Significant change can only take place when local people: 1 realize that the local environment matters to them and is at risk, and 2. believe that doing something will improve their own lives and strengthen the community. The facilitator helps citizens build their capacities to solve their own problems through developing leaders and organizational infrastructures. In some communities, leadership for developing a citizen-led group will initially come from external agencies. In other places, community groups are emerging and need nurturing and encouragement from agencies and district commissioners. And in some communities, a community group is already formed and is looking to partner with others. Most watersheds cross political boundaries (county/state lines) and require a cooperative approach among communities and local governments. A third party facilitator is a valuable resource in working with watershed communities to build readiness, group capacity, and partnerships across county lines. Many communities have not worked together on their water quality issues. Individuals may feel strongly about water quality but havent connected to others in their watersheds. Farmers and landowners may talk to staff and technicians at the Farm Service Agency, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Planning Board, or Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities Iowa State University Extension, but not to other farmers, other rural residents, business operators, and town or urban residents. Or when they do talk, they dont think about the watershed as their common resource. They dont realize the positive impact they could have on their water if they worked together to improve it. Guidelines for selecting a watershed facilitator and matching a facilitator to the community Having an outside facilitator is often necessary if there is a high probability of conflict and a diversity of interests among participants. Watershed groups, if they are to truly represent the diverse interests in the watershed (stakeholders), will have to deal with differing perspectives, interests, and approaches to watershed improvement. Some guidelines for choosing a facilitator follow: n Be sure that a diverse group (that includes major interests or stakeholders in the watershed) are included in the generation and discussion of names of potential facilitators. Not only does this ensure that appropriate candidates are not overlooked, but also provides a test of how any candidate would be accepted by those with different perspectives on the watershed. The person chosen must have a broad reputation for fairness and should not be strongly identified with a particular group in the watershed. 3-3 n Avoid choosing an outsider who has no knowledge of the workings of the community or of the different interests and personalities involved. A good candidate will be politically savvy. Tropman (1997) suggests that if a candidate for facilitator does not know the community well, s/he should be willing to invest some upfront time in learning the communitys culture, politics (public as well as interpersonal), and patterns of behavior. Where more than one community is involved in the watershed, the facilitator should know or be willing to learn about intercommunity patterns of behavior that form the context in which the watershed group will have to operate. If the choice boils down to someone who has no knowledge of the local situation and someone who leans toward a particular perspective, but is viewed as fair-minded by diverse interests or factions, the latter is preferable. Once a list of potential candidates is drawn up, they should be ranked. Beginning at the top of the list, they can be contacted one at a time to determine their interest and to obtain a list of references of former clients. Oral recommendations are preferred to written ones. If everything checks out, an interview with the committee should be arranged. Characteristics other than those mentioned above should be assessed in Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities both the personal interview with the candidate and interviews with references: Does the individual have good interpersonal (including listening) skills and a record of success in facilitation? Does the person take a participatory approach that encourages involvement of diverse players? Is s/he skillful in defusing conflict, but at the same time good at challenging ideas with the objective of clarifying values and thought processes? Does s/he know when to leave an irresolvable issue and steer discussion toward still-central topics in which there is a greater potential of agreement? Is s/he good at encouraging problemsolving, rather than fault-finding discussion? Does s/he have a substantial amount of humility? Is s/he willing to give the group credit for solving particularly difficult issues? Praise is important, even for having solved lesser issues. Does the facilitator create an atmosphere of informality and encourage activities that over time generate trust among those in the group? The Applegate Partnership, which brought together a potentially volatile mixture of logging interests, environmentalists, and 3-4 government agency people, had outside facilitators for the first two years of its existence (see case study on page 5-18). Once trust had been built and a group identity established, the outside facilitator was no longer needed. The facilitator role was then rotated among the members of the Partnership. In many projects, once trust has been developed and the group is working well together, the facilitator can turn his/her responsibilities over to members of the group. When is the facilitators role completed? The outside facilitator is no longer needed when there is sufficient trust within the group that various members of the group can be relied upon to guide the group in an evenhanded way. Ways of testing whether the group has reached that point include the following: Basic conflicts have been dealt with; that is, either they have been resolved or, while differences of perspective remain, those holding differing views respect one anothers positions and recognize each others integrity. Informal interaction at social events and prior to and following meetings is no longer within a particular faction or group but includes cross-group interaction. It is no longer necessary to remind people of the basic rules of behavior during a meeting. The group has come to agreement on a course of action regarding at least one issue that was earlier in contention. The facilitator feels that the group is sufficiently solid to transition to internal leadership. The facilitator may sense that the group is ready to govern itself before the group itself comes to that realization. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 3-5 How does the group transition from outside facilitation to their own leadership? There are a number of useful components or aspects of a successful transition to internal leadership: The group will have discussed the transition process and agreed on an appropriate leadership structure and mechanisms for choosing that leadership. Have people representing different points of view or different interests facilitate a couple of meetings. Then the outside facilitator could lead a discussion as to whether the group is ready. In situations of sharp divergence of interests as often occurs among stakeholders in watersheds, the issue of shared or balance leadership needs to be discussed. It may turn out that shared leadership is not appropriate, but important stakeholder groups must not feel that they are in a permanently secondary position within the organization. Again, these questions are best worked out while the outside facilitator is still involved. Concentrating most of the power in the hands on one person, even if that person has a reputation for fairness, is not recommended. That is likely to lead to others looking to this person to solve problems, rather than seeking participatory approaches to those problems. Sources Sturtevant, Victoria E. and Jonathan I. Lange. Applegate Partnership Case Study: Group Dynamics and Community Context. Seattle: U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995. Tropman, John E. Successful Community Leadership: A Skills Guide for Volunteers and Professionals. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers Press, 1997, pp. 51 and 53. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 3-6 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 4: Conducting the first community watershed meeting Goals for the first community meeting The first community meeting of landowners and residents in the watershed is an important opportunity for connecting people and laying the groundwork for identifying common goals. People come to a first watershed meeting for many reasons. Some may be curious. Some may be committed. Most will not be sure what to expect. This first meeting is about making the case for why local residents should become more involved in watershed management decisions. The planning committees goal is to engage them in: 1) learning more about their watershed, and 2) encouraging them to commit time and resources to protecting their watershed. For a variety of reasons, a large number of people who come will not be willing or able to commit to the group the level of activity necessary to move watershed management forward. There will be a core of individuals who want to be actively engaged in working with others to solve watershed problems. Many others will be interested in doing something in their own backyard that helps water quality even if they dont become active in the community group. It is important to keep all individuals involved in some way. So think about those who attend as potentially fitting into four distinct groups: 1. Believers: people who are already excited about the project and know they want to be engaged in this important community effort. Community meeting small group discussions. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities Photo by Peggy Murdock 4-1 2. Curious: people who dont want to be actively involved but want to know whats going on. 3. Uncommitted: people who need more information to decide how committed they want to be. 4. Convince me: people who have had bad experiences and dont want or dont believe a local group should be formed. The planning committees challenge will be to give each group a significant nudge toward working together on water issues. After the first meeting, these are the minimum outcomes you want from each group: 1. Believers: You want to encourage and increase the excitement of this group by giving them some tangible activities they can participate in (e.g., become a member of a community group, form a subcommittee or task force, volunteer to monitor a water site). Use sign-up sheets to gather names, addresses, and specific interests of this group. 2. Curious: You want this group to learn something new about their watershed and to go away feeling more connected to watershed issues and to others in the watershed. At minimum, this group should go away knowing their watershed address and with a feeling that what this group could do is important. Even without their ongoing formal engagement in the group, the silent support of these members will be important as the watershed group Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities forms and begins to represent resident interests. 3. Uncommitted: You want this group to move from their neutral information collecting stage (whats going on?) into an excitement for the possibilities (gee, this is something I really care about and could have an impact on). Indicators of success as to whether youve captured the attention of this group is their request to be notified of future meetings, comments that they will do something different on their own land (e.g., plantings, conservation practices, water and septic testing), and a willingness to talk to neighbors and friends about the newly forming group. 4. Convince me: You want this group to know that they have been heard, their complaints are noted, and their right to voice concerns is respected. However, this group needs to be challenged to move beyond being an obstacle to the process and to join in being part of the solution. This will likely not happen in the first meeting. The role of the facilitator is to take the brunt of the negative feelings expressed and redirect them into a productive discussion. The facilitator must not take this personally. S/he must be careful to be respectful of strong divisive expressions of discontent and yet remain in control of the group. If one person attempts to disrupt and abort the group process, the facilitators goal is to keep the group focused on the issues and not on personalities. 4-2 The watershed as community To build the capacity of a community to solve water issues, all residents of the watershed must know they are invited to this first community meeting. The goal is to construct a watershed community group bounded by the physical flow of their common streams, rivers, or lakes. A watershed is a region or area of land that drains into a body of water such as a stream, river, wetland, or lake. The system of streams that transport water, sediment, and other materials from one watershed into another is called a drainage system. The drainage system channels water and sediment to a common outlet. The outlet is the mouth of the drainage system or watershed. The mouth is the place where water and the substances it carries flow into another stream, river, lake, or ocean. As an example, the Mississippi River watershed is made up of many smaller watersheds. These smaller watersheds contain even smaller watersheds down to the run-off areas of the smallest tributary creeks and streams. Thus, the watershed in your region is part of a larger watershed and at the same time may consist of smaller watersheds. Ultimately, in Iowa, all watersheds flow into the Mississippi watershed. Some first flow into the Missouri watershed and then into the Mississippi. In Iowa (and the rest of the U.S.), the HUC system is used to uniquely subdivide larger watersheds into smaller watersheds. The smallest sub-watershed level currently delineated in Iowa is the 14-digit HUC. These sub-watersheds consist of 15-62 square miles. To obtain a picture of the watershed you are targeting, go to: http://www.epa.gov/ surf3/locate or http:/ortho.gis.iastate.edu/ drg24/drg24.html. Make an enlarged copy of the watershed map for the meeting. Ask all attendees to place a sticker or pin where they live in the watershed. A watershed address The first meeting serves to get individual buy-in that forming a local group is a good thing for the community (even if they dont participate themselves) and to build on their existing knowledge about their watershed. The U.S. Geological Society identifies different scales of watersheds by hydrologic unit code numbers (HUCs). Photo by Peggy Murdock Community residents find their watershed address. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-3 The minimum behavior change you want from all persons who come to the first community meeting is increased knowledge about their watershed. Everyone knows their postal address; they should also know their watershed address. A watershed address includes the closest stream that the land where a resident lives drains to (e.g., Clear Creek), the tributary their stream runs into (e.g., Indian Creek), the larger river (e.g., South Skunk), and the largest body it runs into (e.g., Mississippi River). In this example, a watershed address is: Clear Creek (into) Indian Creek (into) South Skunk River (into) Mississippi River This will be one question the facilitator can ask the group at the end of the meeting either rhetorically (and have someone in the audience give the answer) and/or in an evaluation form. Goals for Watershed Meeting #1 Goals 1. Bring together landowners, residents, and stakeholders in the watershed to address water issues. 2. Form a community watershed management group that works to develop an overall vision, goals, action strategies, and activities for improving water quality and reducing soil erosion and main stem flooding. 3. If the watershed is large, form groups around two or more of the sub-watersheds in order to implement site specific activities such as demonstration projects, water monitoring, and other practices. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-4 Facilitators Working Sample Agenda (Plan 1 hour 45 minutes for meeting.) Coffee/Registration: Ask people to locate where they live on an enlarged watershed map posted near the meeting area. (Push pins or stickers can be used to designate locations.) Prepare a poster with Rules of Mutual Respect (Section 6-8). Refer to prior to group discussions. (5 minutes) Welcome by Soil and Water Commission District chairperson or core planning member (5 minutes) Getting to Know Our Watershed § Geographical Map § Historical (20 minutes) How Has the Watershed Changed? (facilitated discussion) Handout #1 § Get the conversation started: Who is the oldest person in the room? Tell us one of your memories about the watershed as a kid. 1. Small group discussion at tables; list responses on newsprint or summary sheet on the table 2. Report back to larger group 3. Facilitator summarizes main points (15 minutes) Current Uses of the Water § Map of land use (county engineers/conservation district commissioner/county planner/water utility agency) § How do you use the waters in our watershed? (facilitated discussion) (20 minutes) What Are Your Present Concerns About Our Watershed? Handout #2: Current Uses and Concensus About Our Watershed 1. Small group discussion; list responses on newsprint or summary sheet on the table 2. Report back to larger group, facilitator makes a group list Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-5 (15 minutes) What are the Documented Water Quality and Quantity Issues? (SWCD commissioner, district conservationist, water utility agency, ISU Extension) § Erosion, sediment § Flooding § N, P, nutrient excess § Septic systems § Urban runoff § Development pressures § EPA impaired water body list § Other (20 minutes) How Can We As Citizens Construct Local Solutions? (facilitator) § What are the roles residents can play in managing their watershed? (Form action-oriented sub-watershed groups; form an umbrella community watershed group) Handout #3: Watershed Discussions Handout #4: Benefits and Barriers to Cooperating and Coordinating (5 minutes) What Happens Next? § Group response and discussion (facilitator) What is the interest in forming a community watershed group? § Timeline § Fact finding, information gathering needs § Sources of assistance, expertise Handout #5: Watershed Interest Form Handout #6: Watershed Meeting Evaluation Form Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-6 Checklist (Handouts and Materials) o o o o o o o Agenda Map of watershed Rules of Mutual Respect (Section 6-8) Data sheet about watershed (acres, population, feeder tributaries, environmental concerns, current land use) ISU bulletin (PM 1869): Resident-led Watershed Management (ISU Extension Publications Distribution Center) List of possible projects/activities that can be locally implemented (camera ready copy is available at the end of Section 6) Other publications from natural resource agencies or other groups Handouts for group facilitation * o Handout #1: How has our watershed changed? o Handout #2: Current uses and concerns about the waters in our watershed o Handout #3: Watershed discussions o Handout #4: Benefits and barriers to cooperating and coordinating our watershed efforts o Handout #5: Forms for name, address, interest in being part of a watershed group o Handout #6: Evaluation: What would you like to see happen next? How would you like to be involved? * Note: Handouts 1 - 4 can be condensed to one handout if the group is large or time is short; handouts 5 and 6 can be combined into one form also. Visuals o Enlarged map of the watershed (to put on wall or easel) so people can locate exactly where they live use push pins or round stickers o Slides/pictures of the watershed Optional for community meeting o projector o microphone o tables for group discussion (7-9 chairs at each table) o nametags o sign-in sheet o refreshments Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-7 Handout 1 Watershed Community Meeting Sample Agenda (Date, Time, Location) Registration and Coffee Getting to Know Our Watershed: Sharing Local Knowledge How Have Our Streams, Rivers, and Lakes Changed? (Handout #1) Current Uses of Our Streams, Rivers, and Lakes How Do You Use the Waters in Our Watershed? What Are Your Present Concerns about the Watershed? (Handout #2) What are the Documented Water Quality and Quantity Issues? How Can We As Residents Construct Local Solutions? (Handout #3; Handout #4) A Vision of Cooperation and Coordination (summary of what people have discussed) What Happens Next? (Handout #5; Handout #6) Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-8 Example of Map of Watershed Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-9 Handout 1 How Has Our Watershed Changed? Group discussion. Ask someone in the group to record your discussion. 1. How long have you lived in the watershed area? 2. Ask the oldest person at your table to start the discussion. What were the waters in the watershed like when you were younger? What kinds of animals, birds, and plants do you remember? What were the waters and areas next to the stream like? Ask others at the table. What do you remember about the creek, river, or lake? What kinds of things have you and your family done in the creek, river, or lake over the years? 3. Thinking about our water bodies today, what changes have you seen? How have plant and animal wildlife changed? Are the water levels different? Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-10 Recorder Sheet 1 How Has Our Watershed Changed? (Recorder Sheet) Group discussion. Ask someone in the group to record your discussion. 1. How long have you lived in the watershed area? 2. Ask the oldest person at your table to start the discussion. What were the waters in the watershed like when you were younger? What kinds of animals, birds, and plants do you remember? What were the waters and areas next to the stream like? Ask others at the table. What do you remember about the creek, river, or lake? What kinds of things have you and your family done in the creek, river, or lake over the years? 3. Thinking about our water bodies today, what changes have you seen? How have plant and animal wildlife changes? Are the water levels different? Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-11 Handout 2 Current Uses and Concerns About the Waters in Our Watershed Answer the questions below individually, and then discuss your answers with the group. Ask someone in the group to record your discussion. 1. How do you currently use the streams, rivers, and lakes in our watershed? 2. What are watershed assets and resources that need to be protected and preserved? 3. What are your present concerns about our watershed? 4. What should be done to improve the watershed and water quality? Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-12 Recorder Sheet 2 Current Uses and Concerns About the Waters in Our Watershed (Recorder Sheet) Answer the questions below individually, and then discuss your answers with the group. Ask someone in the group to record your discussion. 1. How do you currently use the streams, rivers, and lakes in our watershed? 2. What are watershed assets and resources that need to be protected and preserved? 3. What are your present concerns about our watershed? 4. What should be done to improve the watershed and water quality? Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-13 Handout 3 Watershed Discussions Look at the watershed map and find where you live and/or work. Can you find the nearest stream or lake and see where it flows? Meet in small groups. First, answer the questions below individually, then discuss as a group. Ask someone to take notes. 1. What would you like to see happen as a result of this watershed meeting? 2. What are some activities you are interested in doing? 3. What kind of resources do we need to do these activities? 4. Who else isnt here that ought to be involved in this discussion? Please complete your Watershed Interest form. Thank you. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-14 Recorder Sheet 3 Watershed Discussions (Recorder Sheet) Look at the watershed map and find where you live and/or work. Can you find the streams and water bodies that your stream flows into? Can you find the nearest stream or lake and see where it flows? Meet in small groups. First, answer the questions below individually, then discuss as a group. Ask someone to take notes. 1. What would you like to see happen as a result of this watershed meeting? 2. What are some activities you are interested in doing? 3. What kind of resources do we need to do these activities? 4. Who else isnt here that ought to be involved in this discussion? Please complete your Watershed Interest form. Thank you. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-15 Handout 4 Benefits and Barriers to Cooperating and Coordinating Our Watershed Efforts Complete this sheet individually, then discuss each point as a group. 1. How important is it that local people actively engage in group efforts that coordinate actions to protect and manage our watershed? Not Important 1 Very Important 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2. Benefits: Some of the benefits of cooperating and coordinating our efforts in our watershed are (write below): 3. Barriers: Some of the barriers to cooperating and coordinating our efforts in our watershed are (write below): Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-16 Handout 5 Watershed Interest Form Please check as many as apply. ___ I am interested in participating in activities on my land or at other points in the watershed to protect and manage our waters. ___ I am interested in participating as a member of a watershed group. Please let me know when the first organization meeting will be held. Name: Address: County of residence: Telephone: Email: Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-17 Handout 6 Watershed Meeting Evaluation Form 1. My watershed address is: Please circle one response: a. I knew my watershed address before I came to this meeting. b. I knew part of my watershed address before I came to this meeting. c. I didnt know my watershed address before this meeting. d. I dont know my watershed address now. 2. As a result of this meeting I learned more about my watershed. Strongly Disagree 1 Strongly Agree 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3. The main reason I came to this meeting was: 4. I would like to see a community watershed group focus on the following things: 5. As a result of this meeting, I will (what will you do?): Thanks for coming! Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 4-18 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 5: Community watershed group formation A community watershed group helps the whole community create a vision for their watershed and works to keep the community focused on the important issues related to their watershed. After the community meeting, the core planning team will want to convene a meeting of people who expressed interest in developing a local group. The main question for discussion is Are we ready to form a local watershed group? To answer this question, those attending will want to understand whats involved in forming a watershed group. A yes to the question means they will have to do the following things: 1. Develop a clear intent or mission for the group. 2. Agree on what the group will do to accomplish its intent. 3. Practice listening, observing, and learning about the watershed to gain knowledge from nature, people, agencies, and organizations. 4. Frequently and systematically bring people together to learn about the watershed and discuss alternatives and plans for making a difference. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities Vision and Mission Vision. The vision statement clearly states the common dream or ideal that the community has for their watershed. The vision guides diverse citizens, organizations, and agencies in mobilizing their groups to achieve the dream. Without the vision, these groups can carry out their missions but may engage in actions that are at cross purposes with other community organizations actions. The vision offers broad unity while allowing groups to make their own unique and distinct contributions. Parts of the community watershed vision may already be defined by city and county planning, Soil and Water Conservation Districts, and regional Resource Conservation & Development agencies. The general public, however, may not be aware of or committed to this vision. One role of the watershed community group could be to encourage discussions and help to develop a common vision that incorporates the thinking of citizens, business and industry, not-for-profit organizations, natural resource agencies, elected officials, and regulatory agencies. For more on the vision process, see Section 6. Mission. The mission statement defines the intent of the group and its reasons for existing. The mission statement should offer a clear message that can keep the watershed group focused and be used to gather public support for watershed activities. A mission statement has three parts: target audience, reasons and goals that drive group actions, and a list of objectives that the group will undertake to accomplish their goals. Objectives. The group objectives are specific actions that are planned to accomplish the stated reasons that the group was formed. Examples of watershed mission statements and objectives are provided at the end of this section. 5-1 Follow-up from the community meeting To prepare for this next meeting, you will need: l a facilitator that will work with the group during the start-up phase (several months), l the list of people from the community meeting who indicated they wanted to be notified of the first group meeting (Handout 5, pp. 4-17), l a list of others who may not have attended the community meeting but expressed an interest in being involved, l a list of those not attending the community meeting but who ought to be involved in the discussion (from Recorder Sheet 3 - pp. 4-15), l a summary of participants evaluation of the community meeting, and l publicity about the meeting and invitations for community residents to become involved. Facilitation Seek out someone who can facilitate this first group meeting and future meetings until the group is ready for a more formal structure. This could be the facilitator used for the community meeting or another person. This person will need to have skills for managing meetings (start and end on time), be able to keep the group on task, be open minded and sensitive to allowing everyone to voice their opinions, and have authority (consent of the group) to manage Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities differences of opinions. Most importantly, this person must be perceived as a neutral person that will not use this group as a platform to advance his own agenda. A good facilitator will move the group forward by allowing the group members to determine the direction and scope of the meeting. Cooperative Extension regional community development specialists and extension education directors located in every county are potential facilitators. In addition, Iowa has other skilled community development facilitators that you may wish to invite or your community may have a local leader who could meet this need. (See Section 3 for guidance on selecting a facilitator.) When the planning team meets with the facilitator to prepare for the first group meeting, the facilitator will want to know what outcomes the team expects. Possible outcomes are: l a clear sense of Are we ready to form a local watershed group? l if yes, the facilitator will guide the group in deciding how they want to proceed (are we ready to work on our intent and mission statement or do we need more information about the watershed?) Preparing for the first watershed group meeting The planning team should set a date for the first watershed group meeting. Use the list of people who signed up at the community meeting as the start-up group. Welcome others to attend. Evenings are usually best since many people work during the day. 5-2 Saturdays are also a possibility. Plan 1 to 1½ hours for the meeting. A newspaper article could summarize the results of the community meeting and give the date of the first watershed group meeting. A summary of the community meeting evaluation form (Section 4, Handout 6) will give the group an understanding of what community residents would like to see a watershed group focus on. A Working Agenda The working agenda is a rough outline for the watershed group meeting. The planning team should review the agenda (see box) to decide which items are appropriate for their community and the order. The basic decisions that the newly forming group must make over the next few meetings are: Are we ready to form a local watershed group? If yes: What should be the intent and mission of a watershed group; how does the intent of the group relate to the larger community vision for the watershed; what information do we need to make educated decisions about: Who we are What we want to do How we want to do it If no: Attendees may lack interest or enthusiasm for forming a group. Future meetings will not be planned. The community is not yet ready to form a group. Group Process of the First Watershed Meeting 1. WELCOME. The planning team will introduce themselves and the facilitator and his/her purpose (to help us decide if we should form a watershed group and then to assist in group formation). The facilitator is asked to conduct the rest of the meeting. The facilitator will first ask someone to temporarily take minutes. The facilitator will also note that the group will operate under this temporary structure for the next few meetings. Eventually the group will need to organize into a structure with leadership from the group itself. 2. CONNECTING PEOPLE AND BUILDING TRUST. Everyone present should introduce themselves, tell where they live in the watershed, and why they came to this meeting. (Note: People should introduce themselves at every meeting so new people feel connected.) The temporary recorder should send around a sheet of paper for people to write their names, addresses, telephone number, and email address. 3. AGENDA. The facilitator will review the agenda for the meeting and ask if anyone has additions. This task should happen at every meeting to help the participants determine the groups direction. -continued- Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-3 4. GOAL OF THIS MEETING. Are we ready to form a local watershed group? To answer this question, the group will want to talk about the communitys readiness (see Section 2-2) and the results of the community meeting. Discussion of the Community Meeting Summary of the evaluation from the community meeting Individual comments about the community meeting General discussion to answer the question about readiness (use questions from Section 2-2). If the answer is no, the group will decide not to meet again. If the answer is yes, the group will plan for future meetings. 5. READINESS. If the group seems to be ready, discuss which decisions they would like to tackle first from the Getting Organized handout (see the following page). The group may want to talk about who else they should invite to the meeting before developing a clear group mission and intent. (Review names generated from Handout 3, Question 4, Who else isnt here who ought to be involved in this discussion? from pp. 4-15.) Or they may want to talk about their watershed vision that guides the development of the groups intent. It doesnt matter which they start with. The group intent can be refined later and others can always be welcomed to the group. Some people will feel they dont know who to invite unless they know the groups intent; others will feel that they need broader representation to develop clear intent. A third option is for the group to first focus on learning about the watershed, its history, and present condition. Any one of these topics is a good place to start. The most important thing is that the group decides what should happen next. 6. NEXT MEETING AGENDA. The facilitator will guide the group to set the next meetings agenda as a result of the group discussion. 7. WHEN and WHERE to meet. The group should decide when and where to meet next time. The meeting location should be accessible and a neutral location. The group may also be ready to discuss setting a regular meeting date. Note: This first group meeting is exploratory. It can seem a little disorganized and maybe even chaotic. This is normal when a new group is forming. If people dont know each other it will take a couple of meetings to build a level of comfort and trust. Encourage agency staff who attend to listen and offer informational comments rather than actively participate in order to allow citizens to gain knowledge about the watershed and to express themselves. There will be opportunities to develop partners after the citizen group has formed. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-4 Handout GETTING ORGANIZED The basic decisions the newly formed watershed group must make during the first few months are: INTENT What is the intent and mission of the group? How does that fit into the community vision for the watershed? WHO Who should we include in a citizen-led watershed group? Who should we include as watershed group partners? AWARENESS What is the history and present condition of our watershed? What information do we need to make educated decisions about: who we are, what we want to do, and how we want to do it? WHERE Where do we want to regularly meet? Is there a neutral place for all participants? WHEN Do we want to set a regular meeting date? STRUCTURE How will the group make decisions? What kind of leadership will provide group stability, continuity, and accomplish the group intent? Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-5 Across the United States, community watershed groups have selected different names such as : council, association, watershed watchers, friends of the watershed, streamkeepers, riverkeepers, alliance, network, partners, forum and coalition. All of these terms convey a sense of people working together on behalf of their watershed. Future group meetings The group will have to work its way through four key areas in order develop into a group capable of influencing their community: intent, group members and partners, awareness, and structure. INTENT AND MISSION. What is the community vision for our watershed? How does this watershed group contribute to that vision and what is our mission or intent? The community meeting provides the framework for the larger vision. The local Soil and Water Conservation District commission and city/county planning boards may already have comprehensive plans that set out a vision for watersheds in their county. The watershed group may use these frameworks and move directly to crafting a group mission and intent. Or they may want to further articulate the community vision for the watershed. The community development facilitator will Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities have the skills to help clarify the community vision if the group wants to pursue that further. The intent and mission are necessary to keep the group focused and able to effectively influence others. The mission statement offers a clear description of 1) who and what the group wants to affect (citizens and their watershed), 2) their reasons for focusing on their watershed, and 3) a set of objectives that direct action in support of the groups reasons for existing. Members may want to start with a draft or working version. Then, as they understand the watershed better, the draft mission can be reworked. The whole group can develop the mission statement or a committee of 23 persons can be assigned to draw up a draft for the larger group to discuss. GROUP MEMBERS AND PARTNERS. Who should be included in the community watershed group? Residents? Landowners? Businesses? Local government? Educational organizations? Civic organizations, environmental groups, local government agencies, state and federal agencies? Figure 5.1, Community Watershed Management, offers one way to think about the relationships within the local community and with extra-local agencies and organizations. Local, state, and federal agencies are important partners with citizen groups. Section 7 offers more information on potential agency partners. A newly forming citizen group will want to connect to but not be dominated by public agencies. 5-6 Business, Industry power/communications utilities, agriculture, forestry Non-Profit Organizations Local Govt. Agencies youth/adult clubs, elected officials, Watershed service groups, faith water/sewer utilities, organizations, Community public health, neighborhood planning, parks, Residents & organizations, councils of Primary environmental groups government, Stakeholders conservation districts Education Federal Agencies State Agencies & Groups Support Organizations & Groups Organizations Agencies County Extension, K-12 financial institutions, schools, post Department of Agriculture Agencies foundations, trade secondary schools, & Land Stewardship U.S. EPA and regional EPA associations, commodity museums, nature centers Economic Development offices, Department of groups, professional Education Agriculture, Department of associations, media Environmental Protection Education, Department of Interior, Health, Natural Resources Department of Transportation, Tourism, Transportation National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministraState Offices for Federal Agencies: tion, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, NRCS, Sea Grant U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Education National Education Networks State or Land Grant Universities, Technical USDA Cooperative Extension Service Colleges, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Private Colleges NOAA Sea Grant Non-Profit Organizations Non-Profit Organizations foundations, associations, service organizations, foundations, association, service organizations, Groups with environmental mission, water utilities groups with environmental mission Figure 5.1. Community Watershed Management* * An adaptation of Community Environmental Management Model. Pp. 9 in Partnership to Support Community Based Education. 1998. EPA 910-R-98-008. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-7 Figure 5.2, Watershed Group Spidergram, is an example of community sectors that could be part of the watershed group. One of the criteria for thinking about who is part of the group could be watershed residents who have an interest or who are financially affected by what happens in the watershed. The planning team will want to review some of the basic demographics of the area to understand who lives and works in the watershed. Figure 5.3 offers an example of potential watershed partners and advisors. The group will want to discuss who is part of the watershed group and who are the partners and how they relate. should be included. The facilitator (or another member of the group) can use large newsprint (a blackboard or whiteboard) to build a spidergram for all to see. After all suggestions have been made, the group should go back over those sectors where disagreement occurred (e.g., some may see different sectors as partners and advisors rather than group members.) A second spidergram exercise to identify partners and advisors can help clarify how the group is thinking about participation. The facilitator can begin the discussion process by giving everyone a blank copy of the watershed group spidergram and asking them to individually fill in the sectors they see as part of the watershed group. (Blank spidergram forms can be found at the end of this section.) Then, the facilitator will ask each person to suggest one sector that The next step is for the current watershed group to compare whos coming to watershed meetings and the spidergram that they just created. What sectors are missing? What actions could be taken to involve these sectors in the group? The facilitator will ask current members to take responsibility for inviting additional participants. Analysis of current watershed group Partners. After the group has examined their own make-up, they should discuss their partners and advisors. The facilitator will lead the group through these two questions: A spidergram diagram helps the group identify missing sectors that should be invited to work with the watershed group. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities l What roles are we expecting from our partners? l What is our plan to involve them? Section 7, Local and State Partners, provides a listing and summary of roles and responsibilities of public and private agencies engaged in water issues. 5-8 al idu s v i n ind itize rban c &u al rur farm operat ors ners w o d ban lan & ur l a r ru en v c o iron ns m e e g r r v a nta o u t i o l/ ps n busi ne i n d u ss / stry dity mo com roups g o me dia s ic civ ation z i n rga schools, education groups recreation groups Local Watershed Group org lth hea u p s / s n g r o izatio an youth sen citi ior zen s Figure 5.2. Watershed group spidergram - watershed residents who have an interest or who are financially affected by what happens Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-9 ISU sion ten Ex A USD a l r u t N a rces o u ion s e R at serv CS) C o n es (NR c i v Ser IDALS - Di of Soil v. Conse rvatio n Co S W mm C D iss ion EPA te sta d cte ele cial i off national/state environmental groups state/federal elected officials Local Watershed Group Partners and Advisors S. U. gical ce o l o ffi G e ey O rv Su me d n ia (r e w spa adio, TV per, ) R DN RC&D Resources Conservation & Development Co D i s t nse r i c t rv & S ation t a f f ist Figure 5.3. Watershed group partners and advisors Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-10 Watershed group spidergram Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-11 AWARENESS. Each person who attends these meetings will bring their own unique occupational and personal skills, relationships with others, and understandings of their watershed. Some will know a lot about the ecological systems of the watershed; others will bring an intense desire to learn but very little current knowledge. In order to develop clear intent and what could be accomplished by the group, members must begin to build personal knowledge. This knowledge will include the natural cycles of the watershed, the history and present condition of the watershed, soil and climate relationships, development patterns, land use policies and practices, symptoms and scientifically established thresholds of health and safety. Some information is necessary background data; other information will need to be sought out to specifically answer questions that the group raises about a situation. The learning process will be continuous and dynamic. The group will want to begin to identify the kinds of information they need individually and as a group in order to set goals and priorities, evaluate a current situation, or carry out specific activities. Learning can occur in multiple ways: l experts share what is known about the watershed l local citizens share their personal knowledge and experiences l group members gather data themselves (pictures, water monitoring, GPS mapping of drain outlets, and other Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities Lee Burras at Bjorkboda Swamp talks about soil and plants. assets and problem areas) [see Section 9 for ways to gather local information] l group members tour the watershed l group members engage in activities (streambed clean-up; water monitoring training, field demonstrations and trials) l individuals seek out information from libraries, websites, and other public references (See Section 6 handout, Ways for Residents to Get Involved, for additional learning opportunities and ideas.) STRUCTURE. There is no one structure that assures watershed group success. Watershed organizations vary in membership composition, voting rights, organizational leadership, decision making processes, and 5-12 tax status. The group will begin as an informal group that meets regularly to carry out the activities they think are important. Regular meeting dates and one or two people that are committed and organized can serve as centralized information sources that keep the group connected and moving toward their goals. However, at some point, the group will need to move from third party facilitation to developing their own leadership structure. This does not mean the group must become a not-for-profit 501(c) organization. They may choose to remain an informal group and use their partners (e.g., SWCD or RC&D) as fiscal organizations for accepting grants and fund raising. Regardless of the group tax status, members must agree on how they will make decisions and how the leadership team will be selected. A temporary subcommittee charged with proposing a set of bylaws can offer the group a draft structure to discuss and modify. Many community organizations have bylaws and the subcommittee members can explore how these groups are organized and think about which aspects would benefit their watershed group. As the group undertakes fund raising, extensive grant writing, and more complex activities, they will want to consider tax-exempt status. River Network, a national organization of river and watershed organizations (www.rivernetwork.org) has a number of publications on bylaws, recruiting boards of directors, drafting bylaws, filing articles of incorporation and tax-exempt status, and fundraising strategies. Shared Leadership At minimum, the watershed group should Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities Temporary Committees offer an important way for the watershed group to get to know each other better and to accomplish specific tasks. The more people that are involved in the activities of the group, the greater the capacity of the group to influence others. Further, these committees are places where people develop and practice leadership skills. Watershed group leadership often emerges from those who are committed to doing the everyday work of the group. Potential general committees are: mission; public relations; education; water monitoring; funding; data collection. Some committees will be unique to the local watershed. For example, a watershed group could develop a short-term committee assigned to examine and recommend land use and development practices. Other committees could focus on watershed tours, septic systems, farm practices, water quality monitoring, development proposals, or work with schools and youth. select a meeting convenor (chairperson), a recorder of the group discussion (secretary), and a back-up convenor when the chair is unavailable (vice chair). In addition, subcommittee chairs and other advisory persons may be added to the core leadership team to provide stability, continuity, and develop future leaders of the group. The primary task of the leadership team is to assure that the organization has a clear image of itself and is able to convey that to its members and the community. Although 5-13 one person may be elected to convene the watershed group meetings and activities and act as spokesperson for the group, the group will have more capacity if: information is widely distributed in the watershed within and beyond the group, decisions and tasks are shared by multiple people beyond the leadership team, and all residents are encouraged to self- organize and take initiative for activities in the watershed that matter to them. The leadership team should think of themselves as developing webs of influence rather than the source of a chain of command. This will mean that not everything that happens in the watershed has to be coordinated, approved, or cleared through the group (a time consuming, burdensome structure that becomes an obstacle to all citizens participating and being a part of the transformations in the watershed). A watershed group interactive website or listserv via email can offer informal information exchanges and allow the exchange of ideas and actions among citizens. Summary The process of group formation, Figure 5.4, summarizes the steps in developing a watershed group. Group formation involves interactions and trust building among many different kinds of people with diverse opinions, knowledge levels and skills. While these steps may seem clear on paper, the group will have ups and downs that will challenge the groups efforts to stick together and make a difference in their watershed. Section 6 offers strategies for sustaining the group; Section 8, Troubleshooting, suggests potential problems that groups may face as they mature into effective and influential organizations. Professional facilitators are familiar with these problems and have strategies to help groups solve them. Change is a constant in the watershed. Nothing stays the same. Dont let the organizational structure get in the way of accomplishing the group intent and mission. Organizational structures are often modified over time to meet new needs and activities. Let your mission and intent guide the development of your group structure. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-14 1. One person who is passionate about the watershed and willing to talk to others about it acts as a catalyst. The actions of this one person (it could be a Soil and Water Conservation District commissioner, your neighbor, a school teacher, a student, you or me) connect others who care about local water issues. 2. As a result, a core planning group develops to prepare a community-wide information meeting. This community meeting is not just called in crisis situations but when-ever citizens want to get together to improve their watershed or see symptoms that could lead to water quality or quantity problems. 3. A community-wide meeting is held for people to exchange with each other what they know about their watershed and how they view it. 4. A voluntary watershed group of self-selected citizens meet regularly around a growing vision of their watershed. This vision is created through building personal knowledge of their watershed and reflectively thinking about its past, present and future. 5. Experts are invited to share the science of the ecological system and technical responses so that the watershed group and community at large can build personal knowledge for evaluating problems, proposing alternatives and solutions. 6. The watershed group develops a clear mission statement with objectives to guide action and puts in place a leadership structure for guiding group activities. 7. The group frequently communicates to the whole watershed community what the group is learning and doing as well as continually extends invitations for others to join and participate. 8. Watershed citizens undertake activities that support the community vision and the watershed group intent and mission. 9. The group continually engages their environment, strengthening relationships and knowledge about: social (schools, developers, land use rules and regulations); political (elected commissioners, supervisors-taxation, rules and regulations); environment (flooding, excessive bacteria counts, high nitrogen levels) and works with the community to seek solutions. The group negotiates, leverages, cajoles, and cooperates with others to achieve the community watershed vision. Figure 5.4 The process of group formation Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-15 Examples of Watershed Group Mission and Objectives Mission: To provide leadership in protecting and improving the environmental health of the Squaw Creek Watershed by facilitating cooperative involvement of urban and rural residents in raising public awareness and promoting educational programs and targeted actions. Objectives: 1) Engage in water monitoring and other assessments of the watershed. 2) Build a coalition among rural and urban interests. 3) Undertake 2-3 projects yearly that involve the watershed community in education, service, and/or data gathering. Squaw Creek Watershed Council http://www.prrcd.org/ The Des Plaines River Watershed Alliance is a coalition of organizations and individuals that live, work, study, own property, and play along the river and in the watershed acting together to preserve, protect, and restore its land, water, and life. Mission: As a coalition of individuals, organizations, and agencies that live, work, study, own property, and play in the Des Plaines River, we will act together to preserve, protect, and restore its land, water, and life. Objectives/Goals: 1) to build an awareness of the watershed and its natural systems; 2) to provide channels of communication that integrate the plans and efforts of people and organizations working to benefit the watershed; 3) to sponsor projects and events that bring positive attention to the watershed and river; 4) to advocate for and review official policies and ordinances that affect the natural systems of the river and watershed; and 5) to enhance the recreational uses of the Des Plaines River. The Des Plaines River Watershed Alliance http://www.desplaineswatershed.org/ The Applegate Partnership is a community-based non-profit organization involving industry, conservation groups, natural resource agencies, and residents cooperating to encourage and facilitate the use of natural resource principles that promote ecosystem health and diversity. Through community involvement and education, this partnership supports management of all land within the watershed in a manner that sustains natural resources and that will, in turn, contribute to economic and community well-being and resilience. Applegate Partnership, Southwest Oregon & Northern California http://www.rvi.net/~arwc/Applegate%20Partership.htm -continuedRenewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-16 Examples of Watershed Group Mission and Objectives Project Objective: To maintain, enhance, and restore anadromous and resident fish habitat, while also achieving and maintaining a balance between resource protection and resource use on a holistic watershed management basis. Vision: To provide a basis of coordination and cooperation between local, private, state, tribal, and federal fish and land managers, land users, land owners, and other affected entities to manage the biological, social and economic resources to protect, restore and enhance anadromous and resident fish habitat. Model Watershed Project of the Lemhi River, Pahsimeroi River, & the East Fork of the Salmon River, Idaho http://www.modelwatershed.org/index.html The prime objective of Alliance programs is to improve the ability of local citizens, schools, and governmental organizations to create partnerships and pursue effective watershed education and implemention of projects in their communities. Kentucky Waterways Alliance http://www.members.iglou.com/kwanews/kwaprog.htm Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-17 Example of the Group Formation Process The Applegate Partnership. In 1992, a pair of unlikely collaborators, Jack Shipley (an avid environmentalist) and Jim Neal (a long-time logger), were fed up. They were tired of the gridlock, fighting about lizards and logs, and figured it was worth trying a different approach. Shipley and Neal began discussing the idea of managing the half-million acre Applegate watershed in an entirely different way - one based in collaboration between private land owners and land-managing agencies. Located in southwest Oregon and northern California, the Applegate watershed includes Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), state, county, and private lands. About 3,000 people live in southwest Grants Pass which is part of the watershed; the other 9,000 or so people live in mostly rural areas with no incorporated towns. Shipley and Neal talked informally with neighbors, loggers, environmentalists and natural resource agency personnel for months. These grass roots discussions reinforced their belief that they had more common ground than differences. People wanted healthy forests and healthy critters as well as healthy humans. Shared interests included maintaining the longterm health of the watershed and stability of local economics. With cautious but hopeful interest from diverse individuals, a coalition of people formed a Board of Directors and soon agreed on a vision, goals, and objectives. The Applegate Partnership now includes community residents, people affiliated with environmental groups, timber, farming, and ranching interests, schools, natural resource agencies, and anyone else interested in the Applegate watershed. The vision developed in 1992 still provides inspiration. The group has been meeting nearly once a week for years with regularly scheduled meetings open to all people. Initially, volunteer facilitators assisted in conflict resolution which was particularly important, given the long history of animosity. Ground rules for communication were developed by the group; attention to group process issues is still needed. The motto is Practice trust them is Us. Though people are aligned with various constituencies, the meeting dynamics encourage them to come together more as caring individuals, respectful of differing values, rather than representatives of interest groups. Positions and agendas are checked at the door. Jack Shipley is recognized as the charismatic leader of the Applegate Partnership, but his style is such that leadership and responsibility are shared equally among participants. All people have equal access to power, information, and action. Decisions are made through consensus. A common question asked is Who else needs to be at the table? Especially important to the Applegate Partnership is the community focus. Each person brings genuine and powerful feelings about this common place and for the people who live -continued- Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-18 Example of the Group Formation Process, continued in the Applegate watershed. This strong attachment is a significant factor in their ability to unite and re-create community despite conflicting interests (Sturtevant and Lange,1995). Being out on the land through field trips is essential to resolving issues and creating what people want to see. The merging of maps across all ownership through Geographic Information System (GIS) has reinforced the perspective that this place is unique and merits a comprehensive integrated approach. Most of the Applegate Partnerships focus for projects is restoration while also creating opportunities for local employment. Examples include riparian planting on private lands, installation of fish screens, fencing off streams, putting roads to bed, and reducing the risk of wildfire. Individuals in the Partnership work actively with the natural resource agencies to encourage landscape projects which will improve the overall health of the watershed. A newsletter is published and distributed to all households in the watershed about resource and community issues. http://www.rvi.net/!arwc/Applegate%20Partnership.htm January 3, 2002 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders Guide to Building Watershed Communities 5-19 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 6: Sustaining local interest “Information must actively be sought from everywhere, from places and sources people never thought to look before. And then it must circulate freely so that many people can interpret it” (Wheatley 1999:83). The community meeting and initial watershed group discussions provide stimulating forums for idea and opinion exchanges. This start-up phase is a high point that is difficult to sustain over time. As a community watershed group begins to meet regularly and sort through local water issues, their challenge will be to harness the initial passion and excitement into sustained actions that make a difference. Sustaining a group’s interest requires considerable attention to group development and group processes (including the tasks and maintenance functions and the skills group members use in interacting with one another). Research suggests that groups go through a number of developmental stages. The process by which groups move through these stages may determine the level of productivity and hence the degree of interest sustained by the group. This section provides the basics in understanding group developmental stages and how to select appropriate group building strategies for sustaining members’ interests. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Stages of group development Social science research identifies various patterns of how groups form and function. The most commonly used model is Tuckman’s (1977) “Stages of Group Development.” He suggests that groups progress through the following stages: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Dissolution. Transforming is often used to replace “Dissolution” to account for the various ways groups spin off into subgroups or otherwise assume new roles and/or challenges (Figure 6.1). It is important to note the five stages are continuous, blending into one another. All groups do not necessarily go through the stages in sequence. For example, a group that has just moved into “Norming” may suddenly find itself back in stage two, “Storming” rather than progressing to “Performing.” Some groups come together with a history of working together or may have a well defined task and structure. This will help them move through the initial stages more quickly. 6-1 Overall, as groups progress through the stages, these are the types of questions members can ask themselves: S What group processes can we engage in to become more effective? S What stage is our group currently in? The visual below (Figure 6.1) depicts a typology of the group cycle and illustrates the shifting morale and work output that occurs across the five stages. The key element for each stage is highlighted at the bottom of the graph. The time line indicates progression from beginning to end of the group developmental cycle. Each stage is defined in more detail following the graph. A one-page summary table of Stages of Team Development can be found at the end of this section. S Which tasks and processes can we focus on to progress to the next stage? S What tasks do we need to complete in order to achieve our goals? S What tasks are we not focusing on that we need to? S What group processes are occurring that are blocking us? Stages Forming Storming Norming Power/Conflict Cooperation Sustainability Performing Transforming High Morale Amount of Work Low Orientation Monitoring Phases Time Begin Retooling/Take-off End Adapted from Tuckman’s Model of Group Development Stages, 1972, by Beverlyn Lundy Allen, Iowa State University Extension to Communities, June 14, 2001 Figure 6.1. Coalition climate monitor: Group stages and phases Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 6-2 Characteristics of the five stages Forming This first stage involves a simple yet highly critical aspect of the group’s actual formation. The first major task is to form a group identity. To achieve this first developmental task, groups must clarify their goals and expectations and also establish some rules for group membership. The expected outcome of stage 1, “Forming,” is commitment to the group. Trust and communication among members and agreement to basic rules of group participation are essential for commitment to occur. Storming Elements of conflict, competition, and transition characterize the “Storming” stage. As individuals get more comfortable in their group, the politeness exhibited earlier tends to fade away and members reveal more of their personalities. Members may also challenge one another in power struggles vying for informal leadership. Also, because the first set of rules were agreed on out of politeness, they may now be challenged. Members may also begin to rethink objectives and activities for achieving the goals they previously agreed upon. The expected outcome of stage 2, “Storming,” is clarification. Conflict and power issues must be resolved for the group to move forward. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities While the group may become tense, it is important that the conflict be recognized and worked through. This is partly because ignoring the conflict takes away precious energy from the group. The process of working through this conflict is an important step in continuing to build on the trust started in the first phase. Successful conflict resolution at this stage can lead to better goals and increased performance. One thing is for sure: how this stage is resolved will determine if the group continues to progress or remains deadlocked in conflict. Norming As a group successfully firms up its rules and decides how it will function, cohesion and action are expected in the “Norming” stage of development. While some testing and conflict will be evident, and in fact is beneficial, the group develops a solid structure and sense of community in this stage. Group identity is based upon the positive interpersonal relationships between members. Members are able to share their ideas and feelings, recognize each other’s strengths, and give and receive feedback in a positive and productive manner. The important outcome of stage 3, “Norming,” is increased commitment and cooperation. Members identify the responsibilities and roles of the group and establish agreement on its purpose as well as how it will function. 6-3 Performing At the “Performing” stage, the group is now at an optimal performance level. There is alignment towards achieving goals and producing results. The structure and processes of the group are well known and followed as a matter of habit. Strong trust relationships among members have developed, enabling shared decision making and more interdependence with less anxiety. The expected outcome for stage 4, “Performing,” is high productivity: collective decision making and problem solving for achieving stated goals. Members effectively listen to each other, engage in dialogue, challenge their own assumptions, and change their opinions in this stage. While “performing” is seen as the highest stage of development, it is important to recognize that not all groups attain peak performance. Strong leadership and attention to tasks and behaviors in the previous stages will help guide the group through the “Performing” stage. Also, the group may have set out goals that were not achievable in the short to midterm. A reassessment of goals or of means of achieving the existing goals may now be in order. Transforming When high performing teams wind down after a period of accomplishments, the transformation period sets in. This stage of Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities group development is referred to as “transforming” because all groups do not dissolve or disband. For most groups, it is a time for celebrating group achievements and considering next steps. Some groups may change members or renew the team to take on new challenges. The group may develop new relationships with other groups and transform into a network, coalition, or collaborative in order to accomplish other goals. When a group goes through the process of renewal, it is a good idea to redefine group goals and roles. The expected outcome for stage 5, “Transforming,” is sustained interest for renewal and/or redirection. Watershed groups and stages of development These five group stages can usefully be applied to the development of citizen-led watershed groups. The basic foundation for sustaining local interest in a watershed group is a clearly defined vision, mission, and objectives. For a new group to successfully form, members must view the group as doing meaningful work and want to be a part of that effort. Once the intent and objectives of the group are evident, then other organizational practices can be applied to support development and sustainability: ? Mutual respect. Watershed organizations will include individuals 6-4 who have contrasting views. Rules of interaction in meetings that foster mutual respect must be put in place (forming stage). ? Team building. Team building can be accomplished in at least two ways: a) by members getting to know each other as whole persons (rather than as “that crazy environmentalist” or “that chemical polluting farmer”), and b) by working together on common activities or projects and accomplishing them. Groups in their early stages of development need a quick victory with broad participation to strengthen bonds among members of the group (initiated in the forming stage, but is an ongoing process). ? Broad participation. Collaboration and trust within the organization should be encouraged. Participatory approaches in gathering information, in analyzing situations, and in pursuing objectives strengthen the group. Even when not all suggestions are acted on, members need to feel their comments were given a fair hearing. Then they are more willing to accept the chosen approach and support it wholeheartedly. This is a critical point in the storming stage. Broad participation should be a principle established in the forming stage, and should be validated and institutionalized in the norming stage. ? Building alliances. External groups can be allies on particular issues. Members should learn about the missions and Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities activities of other local and regional groups, organizations, and agencies. In addition, they should seek other groups that have goals that intersect with the watershed group’s mission and build collaborative arrangements. Bridging common interests occurs in the performing and transforming stages. These points are treated in greater detail below. Defined vision, mission, and objectives. Groups and organizations are sustained because they accomplish what they set out to do (see Figure 6.2, The visioning process). The group should be clear about its mission and objectives. The activities in which it engages must support those objectives. Many groups focus on activities without ever asking themselves whether those activities lead toward or away from the group’s objectives and mission. It is equally important for the watershed group to evaluate where their group mission fits into the overall community vision for their watershed. Many communities have already undertaken planning or visioning processes. Conservation districts may have developed plans for watersheds within their district. Municipal water agencies, city and county planning agencies, farm organizations, environmental groups and other organizations may have also engaged in a visioning process and developed a priority list of what needs to be done. In some communities a watershed study group may have already worked with others in a 6-5 The Visioning Process A number of community leaders and development specialists* have training in community visioning. You will want to seek one out to help in this process. The graphic below shows how the planning and implementation process might occur. Planning should begin with establishing desired results for your watershed. Members of the community should be asked, “What characteristics of this watershed would you like your children and future generations to enjoy?” or “How would you like this watershed to be like in 5 (10, 20) years?” Starting with desired results builds a logical planning process and allows community members who may believe they have very different views about the watershed to discover that in fact they agree on some things. Activities Implementation Assets/ Capacities/ Resources 4 Desired Futures/ Results 5 4 6 3 2 Projects 1 Planning Figureresults, 6.2. The visioning processask themselves, “What Once consensus is reached on desired then people should intermediate projects would lead to change?” Once possible projects are defined, it is useful to do a reality check: “What assets and human capabilities are necessary to carry out these projects?” If the needed assets or resources are not available, projects might then have to be adjusted. Or such knowledge may aid in prioritizing projects—not in terms of importance, but the availability of resources may help in establishing timing of projects: “We should do the projects for which we have resources first.” Once it is clear to the group what projects are both feasible and will aid in bringing out the desired change, then the group is ready to plan the precise activities that need to occur to accomplish a particular project, who will carry out which activities, and how coordination and supervision will occur. This is the essence of a planning process. Once a group’s activities, projects, and results are documented, then arrows can be drawn from activities, to projects, to results. One rule of thumb is to prioritize those projects that contribute to multiple outcomes and activities that support several projects. Figure 6.2. The visioning process *Your local ISU Cooperative Extension Director can help you find someone skilled in community visioning. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 6-6 visioning process. The watershed group needs to assemble prior visioning and planning documents and work with other groups in the community to make known the vision and update it as necessary. There are different techniques for developing a vision and defining results that will lead the community toward that vision. Understanding the vision will help the watershed group refine its mission and develop projects and activities that contribute to the desired future results. It will also help the group build partnerships with other organizations and agencies. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis is a commonly used strategy, but unless conducted by a very skilled facilitator, can result in much time spent on weaknesses and threats which is useful only if used to prioritize the opportunities. A different approach which alleviates “visioning fatigue” and results in a plan of work where activities contribute to outputs that lead to desired change is based on community assets. This process is summarized in the inset, Figure 6.2. The visioning process. An Example of the Initial Phase of the Visioning Process Outputs • Propose new sustainable regulations • Sustainable forest stewardship & mgt. plan • Less waste and consumption; more recycling • Land use & development decisions promote sustainability & efficient use of infrastructure. Outcomes 1. Use of local skills and abilities a. People will know how and want to live sustainably b. High quality education provided c. Healthy people 2. Networks and good communication a. People empowered thru planning and decision-making b. Cooperation, better communication and more trusting relationships 3. Improved Community Initiative, Responsibility and Adaptability a. Fewer human, community & environmental stressors b. Diversity, not bigness c. Question assumptions; commit to innovations 4. Healthy ecosystems with multiple community benefits a. Regenerating natural resources b. Enjoying, using, appreciating natural resources 5. Diverse and healthy economy a. Vibrant, healthy communities with character and culture b. Quality jobs for people to live in dignity; no involuntary poverty c. Balanced exchange of goods with minimum nonsustainable transportation d. Planned appropriate economic growth Figure 6.3. Natural capital component of visioning process, regional rural development partnership, Minnesota 1Cornelia Butler Flora, Michael Kinsley, Vicki Luther, Milan Wall, Susan Odell, Shanna Ratner, and Janet Topolsky. Measuring Community Success and Sustainability: An Interactive Workbook, RRD 180, August 1999. Available at: http:// www.ncrcrd.iastate.edu/Community_Success/about.html Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 6-7 Figure 6.3 provides an example of a visioning process conducted by a study group that was looking into establishing a Regional Sustainable Development Partnership in a region of Minnesota. In this case, the generalized categories of community outcomes developed by an Aspen Institute task force as part of the Measuring Community Success and Sustainability1 book (Flora et al. 1999) was used to organize the outcomes expressed in the initial visioning effort. The same was done with projects and activities. (The initial visioning document that was used in the new planning effort had not separated activities from products from results.) This new set of objectives organized as results and products was presented to the board of the Partnership by the facilitators for them to modify, expand, or strike. Thus, they saved considerable time in conducting the visioning process, were able to take into consideration past visions, see their strengths and shortcomings, and make appropriate modifications. Additional visioning resources can be found at http:// www.mindtools.com. Foster Mutual Respect. The interests and opinions of those who live in a watershed may be quite diverse. Controversy is likely to be normal, and indeed, healthy. Overt conflicts may break out from time to time. If the watershed organization is to be effective, it must embrace the diverse local interests, and may need to partner with certain non-local actors. Absence of controversy within the watershed organization may be an indicator that the Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities group has not reached out to include the different interests. On the other hand, conflict within the group, particularly if it involves lack of respect and personal attacks, will quickly reduce the organization’s effectiveness. If the conflict is prolonged, it may threaten the continued existence of the group. An outside facilitator, if carefully chosen to have conflict management skills, can be critical in ensuring that the organization is not engulfed in conflict. However, if the facilitator bears the burden of conflict amelioration alone, the organization will likely fail. The building of trust is central to the effective functioning of any organization. Civility allows for trust to be built. Generally, a watershed organization should not be characterized by too much formality, but it may be useful to have a few simple rules of behavior in meetings: show respect to others although you may disagree with the ideas they are presenting; dispute another’s ideas, but do not attack the person; Rules of Mutual Respect • Everyone participates. • No one person dominates. • Be open to new ideas. • Listen actively and carefully. • Be constructive. • No sidebar conversations. • It’s okay to disagree . . . respectfully. • Focus on ideas, not personalities. 6-8 allow others to speak without interruption. If someone attempts to dominate the floor, the facilitator or moderator has the obligation to courteously limit that person’s discussion so that others may speak. Each group should discuss and make its own rules of civility or mutual respect (see box on previous page as an example). Team building and quick victories. It is important for team building that a newly formed group have one or more quick successes. The first project must be chosen very carefully. It must be doable in a short amount of time, but still contribute to one or more objectives for which there is a clear consensus. Ideally is should involve a lot of participation. People like a successful project, but they are even happier if they participated in making it a success. Photo by Jim Colbert Community volunteers head downstream to pick up trash. Other ways to build trust include having meals together (potlucks are good) and working together (cleanup days, planting trees, prairie seedings and harvest). Temporary committees or work clusters around specific issues offer another way for Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities people to get to know each other. Be sure everyone has a chance to be on a work cluster and contribute. If the members of the watershed have been on opposite sides of the fence on certain issues, team building is even more important. Activities should be planned at every meeting that allow each to see the humanity in the other. Each person needs to view the other as a whole person—not just ‘that environmentalist” or “that chemical farmer.” A quick icebreaker. A 5 minute icebreaker at the beginning of a meeting can help people get to know each other better and build trust. This can also make new people feel welcome. Pair people up. Have them interview each other and then introduce the other person to the entire group. They can be given a set of three or four questions to ask or simply be instructed to “find out the most interesting things” about the other person. Broad participation. Watershed groups that encourage broad participation are more likely to sustain themselves than those that are not participatory. The watershed group needs to communicate a continuing invitation for community members to participate. Newspaper articles and posters remind the community about the work of the group and should include opportunities for others in the community to join in. Watershed group activities can be planned that involve school children, elderly persons, business people, farmers, local industries, homeowners and renters, 6-9 employers and employees. New people that show up at regular meetings should be acknowledged and welcomed. Local people are able to discover and assess information about the watershed because they know local conditions and interrelationships through experiences. When they partner with technical water resource experts, the political leadership, and other citizens, science and local knowledge can be integrated to create solutions in the community interest. Watershed management should be seen as a process of negotiation among local and outside interests regarding objectives, activities, and measures of success, rather than an agenda set by outsiders or one special interest group. watershed. Now they need to find partners who have similar concerns and build connections among groups with shared desired futures. Partners can be private sector firms, government agencies, and/or civic, professional, and trade/commodity organizations. Public agencies have specific mandates; voluntary not-for-profit organizations have missions that direct the kinds of activities they undertake. Once one or more groups have agreed they have a common goal (even though their missions and other goals are different) they are ready to form a coalition that identifies specific issues. This coalition may be temporary (e.g. focusing on getting the vote out for a local bond vote) or ongoing (e.g. developing and implementing an educational program in the school). Building strategic alliances. After the watershed group has a clear identity, has built trust among its diverse members, and some successes (and perhaps some disappointments too) it is ready to build strategic alliances. Watershed concerns are big issues that no one group alone can solve. As the group learns about and understands their watershed, they will begin to identify public policies and private practices that are a threat to the community vision for the Alliances, coalitions, and collaborations that bridge interests consist of groups of organizations that come together because of commonly held values to achieve a commonly desired change. They may however, disagree on how to get there. The intent of the alliance is to find supportive ways to accomplish their common goal. Each organization brings a particular predisposition to accept information that is supportive of its particular interests or perspectives. Different organizational actors are likely to be persuaded by different types of information. Hence, for a coalition to be built, the watershed group needs to examine how each potential member of the coalition is thinking about the issue. For example, two groups may want to preserve an endangered wetland. One group believes that the best way is to Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 6-10 Too often the community is consulted about the project after researchers or project managers have established the goals and objectives of the initiative— often based on criteria other than local advice. Gasteyer et al. 2001 have stronger laws and enforcement measures in place, while the other believes that voluntary participation is the only way to truly preserve the area. The challenge is to find areas where the two groups can agree, even if they have different ways of thinking about the problem. For example, they may agree that the boundaries of the wetland were set very arbitrarily and need to be revised. This is something they can work on together to change. The mutual trust and confidence that results from such a joint effort can be used in a renewed effort by alliance members to reach agreement on an appropriate balance between regulation and incentives. than professionals, report back to the watershed group on what they learned from the interviews, other group members are more likely to take the information to heart. See the box on the next page (Figure 6.4) that shows how alliances can be visually represented. Section 9 offers a variety of data collection methods and instruments for assessing beliefs, values, and attitudes about the watershed. Conclusion Watershed groups that attempt to build such bridges will need to analyze documents produced by potential partners related to the issue in order to understand the other’s perspective. Information from key organizational leaders can be obtained through personal interviews that seek the history of the issue, the role of their organizations and others in that process, and other people and groups that are involved. From these data, watershed groups can determine if they have a common vision with the potential partner but are just thinking about how to do it differently—or to confirm that indeed they really don’t have a common vision. This exchange increases understanding among groups and helps them to find partners that share common vision for the watershed. Involving watershed group members in these interviews may also help them see the issue through the eyes of organizations with a different approach to the issue. Also, when group members, rather Ups and downs in organizations are inevitable. There will be times when it seems like the group can’t possibility hold together. Unresolved dissension and apathy are two threats to maintaining the group. These are morale issues that can undermine the group’s effectiveness. Group members must build a level of trust among themselves and create some normative expectations about how members will interact and treat each other. Members must feel they can voice their differences and yet be considered valuable contributors to group discussions and actions. Activities that members can do together, such as river bed clean up, water monitoring, nature mapping and tree and prairie plantings offer opportunities for people to work side-byside and get to know each other. These activities can accomplish the watershed group mission while building trust among members and community residents. The handout, Ways for Residents to Get Involved in Local Watershed Projects, at the end of this section provides a list of some of the activities and partnerships watershed groups can engage in. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 6-11 Displaying Alliances Using a Bubble Chart NATION STATE National Environmental Organizations State Environmental Organizations EPA Dept. of Natural Resources REGION Watershed Group COUNTY County Tourism Committee COMMUNITY Municipal Water Authorities Cities Market U.S. Dept. of Agriculture State Dept. of Agriculture Animal/Bird Orgs (e.g., Ducks Unlimited) County Econ.. Dvlp. Group Chambers of Commerce Civil Society State-level Commodity Organizations County Commodity & Farm Organizations Farmers State Farmer Coops Agribusiness Firms Figure 6.4. Advocacy coalitions around nitrate runoff and water quality A visual way of seeing how alliances might be constructed around a particular issue is by making a “bubble” chart from information gathered by interviewing government, market-oriented, and civilsociety stakeholders on that particular issue. The bubble chart above shows the coming together of various organized groups around two core entities—one a voluntary watershed group and the other a county-level commodity organization, over a hypothetical issue of water quality and nitrate runoff into local streams and then into a recreational lake.1 The diagram is organized to reflect existing ties among state, market, and civil society entities as well as potential ties based on similar desired futures.2 The diagram shows that the various organizations can be part of an actual alliance or an alliance in process of formation (based on common desired futures). Besides defining two coalitions in the making, the diagram also highlights the entities that have ties to both sides or are presently neutral (those that are inside the rectangle in the center of the diagram). That there are several entities in that rectangle is a hopeful sign because these organizations, agencies, and firms have the potential to form a bridge for eventual compromise between those with environmental concerns and the agricultural interests. They might serve as honest brokers or mediators in bringing opposing groups together. By constructing such diagrams, community groups and other stakeholders can better define strategies for either strengthening the alliance of which they are a part, assessing what entity(ies) might best bring about a compromise, or both. Compromise can be more readily brought about if a common desired future can be identified that allows the groups to put away some of their differences in favor of the greater good for the community. 1 The general structure of the diagram is taken from a research project involving a real locally based natural resource issue in Ecuador, but the issue and organizational names are changed to fit a U.S Midwestern situation. 2 The information for constructing it would come from the key informant interviews of stakeholder organizations, agencies, and firms carried out by local residents and collaborating professionals. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 6-12 Stages of Team Development 1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming Cohesion, harmony Balanced influence Open-minded Trust builds Comfortable with relationships Cliques dissolved Focus and energy on tasks Planning how to work as a team Confidence and creativity high Team fully functional Roles clear Interdependent Team able to organize itself Flexible Members function well individually, in subgroups, or as a team Empathy for one another Internal or external forces bring about renewal, change, or dissolution. Momentum slows down Activities mark the ending or renewal of team efforts Team identity emerges Team identity strong Coach/Sponsor Give feedback and support Plan celebrations Allow for less structure Continue to focus on building strong relationships Less involvement Consultant/Sponsor Give positive reinforcement and support Offer consultation Keep channels of communication open Share new information Allow team to organize itself and to test new procedures Keep goals in mind Maintain flexibility Continue consensus process Complete action items Provide information to team Support and verify team norms Keep momentum going Team identity dissolves or renews, transforms Facilitator/Visionary Help team develop options for renewing or disbanding Guide the process Help team design its “rituals” for renewal or ending Offer sincere appreciation for team’s accomplishments Adequate comfort level Struggles over purpose and goals Vying for leadership Differences in points of view and personal style become evident Lack of role clarity Reliance on voting, arbitration, leader-made decisions Team organizing itself and its work Individual identity still strong; team identity begins to build Facilitator/Teacher Acknowledge conflict Guide toward consensus Get members to assume more task responsibility Teach conflict resolution methods Offer support and praise Active involvement Consider all views Initiate ideas Aim for synergy Help team reach consensus on goals, purpose, roles Build solutions from everyone’s needs Accept conflict as natural Respect diversity of team members Lack of conflict resolution skills No one to facilitate conflict resolution Individuals stuck on own agendas “Turf wars” and “tree hugging” Collective “win” “Groupthink” Comfort Focus too much on relationships, ignore tasks Unwilling to take risk External change which may alter team’s purpose Confidence, risk-taking Conflict Low High Low Output Low Low Low—Medium Characteristics Politeness Tentative joining Membership may be unstable Orienting personally and professionally Gathering impressions Avoiding controversy Hidden agendas Cliques may form Need for safety and approval Team Identity Individual identity prevails Leader’s Role Visionary/Director Provide structure and clear task direction Allow get-acquainted time Create atmosphere of confidence, optimism Active involvement Team Members’ Role Ask questions to get clear about team’s initial tasks Avoid cliques Get to know each member Have patience with the process Listen Suspend judgment Pitfalls (ways to get stuck in this stage) Staying too polite Lack of clear direction Bridge to Next Stage Take responsibility to influence how team works Keep a realistic outlook Avoid harmony for sake of harmony Be flexible Support efforts to build “team spirit” Initiate and consider new ideas 4. Performing 5. Transforming Accept need for team to “move on” Participate fully in efforts to end or renew team Help evaluate team’s success Carry forth learning to next team effort “Burnout” Team not evaluating and/or correcting itself Lack of training OK to stay here if productive Failing to renew when it’s time Renewing too soon Unwilling to disband team when its work is done Not honoring the process of transforming Reflection, evaluation A definite ending, change or renewal Low Healthy conflict (team has learned ways to resolve differences High Temporarily tapers off or ends WAYS FOR RESIDENTS TO GET INVOLVED IN LOCAL WATERSHED PROJECTS Photo by E.C. Stanley There are many opportunities for watershed residents to partner with public and private organizations and agencies on watershed projects. Below is a sample list with some potential partners identified. WATER MONITORING STUDENT PROJECTS (school and community service projects) Private wells (county sanitarian) Volunteer water quality monitoring (IOWATER; Izaak Walton League, Stream Doctor) Screeks, main stem, mouth Sabove and below – landfill, towns Stile lines, buffer strip farm, pasture Shigh flow vs. low flow Stream ecology – macroinvertegrates, etc. (Izaak Walton League "Save Our Streams Program") Photographs – historical vs. current (journalism teacher or photo club) Interview residents – fish, wildlife, habitats (4-H, Boy Scouts, FFA project) Fish Iowa Stream flow, concentrations, load (math teacher) Data management, GIS (computer teacher) Report writing (English teacher) Soil testing and stalk NO3 testing (FFA, science teacher) Development of its area and its people (history teacher) Nature mapping program (ISU Dept. of Animal Ecology, Ames, IA 50011) Iowa Envirothon (Conservation Districts of Iowa) http://www.iowater.net http://www.iwla.org/sos/monitoring.html http://www.iwla.org/sos/ http://www.keepersoftheland.org http://www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/aecl/ http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov/Programs/envirothon.htm CONSERVATION PLANNING AND PRACTICES Iowa Dept. of Agriculture & Land Stewardship, Soil Conservation Division (IDALS-SCD) Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD) USDA Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) SPrograms and services to protect natural resources in Iowa (NRCS) SCitizen action to encourage municipal conservation planning (NRCS, SWCD) SStreambank stabilization demonstrations (NRCS, SWCD) STerraces (NRCS, SWCD) SContour buffers (NRCS, SWCD, ISU Forestry, IDALS-SCD) SRiparian buffers (NRCS, SWCD, ISU Forestry) SFilter strips (NRCS, SWCD) SWaterways (NRCS, SWCD) SWetlands (NRCS, SWCD, Ducks Unlimited, Better Wetlands) SPrairie plantings (Pheasants Forever, Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Prairie Network SLandforms and geology (IDNR Geological Survey Bureau) SBackyard Conservation FORESTRY PRACTICES Iowa Department of Natural Resource (IDNR) STimber stand improvement & marketing timber (ISU Master Woodland Program) • Tree planting – seedlings and direct seeding • Urban trees Trees Forever Iowa Community Tree Steward Program • National Arbor Day SAgroforestry (National Agroforestry Center) http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/soilconservation.html http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/soilwatercons.htm http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov/ http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov/programs.htm http://www.buffer.forestry.iastate.edu/ http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/bufferinitiative.htm http://www.buffer.forestry.iastate.edu/ http://www.ducksunlimited.org http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov/Programs/wetlandsreservepr ogram.htm http://www.pheasantsforever.org http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/forest/prairies.htm; http://www.iowaprairienetwork.org/ http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/CCS/Backyard.html http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/ http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/forest/index.htm http://www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/forestry/ext/ mwm.html http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/forest/index.htm http://www.treesforever.org/ http://www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/forestry/ext/icts.html http://www.arborday.org/ http://www.unl.edu/nac/ PASTURE MANAGEMENT SWCD; local farmers; ISU Extension SIntensive grazing management demonstration SStream corridor fencing and off-site watering demonstration SPasture forages renovation demo (seed company) SGrazing for profit (Practical Farmers of Iowa; NRCS) SCattle vs. sheep stream use (field trials) FISH & WILDLIFE HABITAT SURVEYS SBird populations (Audubon Society) SBackyard habitat (county naturalist) SGame birds (Pheasants Forever) SHunting (archery club) STrapping SWildlife habitats (IDNR; ISU Extension; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) SFish populations – Fishing Day (IDNR Fisheries) SConservation easements (Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation) SMaster Conservation SHelp-a-Habitat in Iowa SBackyard Conservation SBackyard Wildlife Habitat Program SWildlife Habitat Council SBat Conservation International NRCS, ISU Extension; DNR SGIS -- land cover (Geological Survey Bureau) land use, land capability, landscape position, soil slope range SSurvey of livestock numbers and production practices SSurvey of producer attitudes SHome*A*Syst (Iowa Farm Bureau EPA 319 Project) SFarm*A*Syst (Iowa Farm Bureau EPA 319 Project) SAsset Mapping (ISU Extension to Community Field Specialists) SData for Decision Makers http://offices.usda.gov/scripts/ndISAPI.dll/oip_public/U SA_map http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Counties/state.html http://www.pfi.iastate.edu/PFIhomenew.htm http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov/Programs/grazeland.htm http://www.audubon.org; http://birdsource.cornell.edu http://www.pheasantsforever.org http://www.fws.gov/r3pao/maps/iowa.htm http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/fwb/fish/fish.htm http://www.inhf.org; email: [email protected] http://www.extension.iastate.edu/wildlife http://www.helpahabitat.org http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/CCS/Backyard.html http://www.nwf.org/backyardwildlifehabitat/ http://www.wildlifehc.org http://www.batcon.org http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/soils/ http://ia.profiles.iastate.edu/agcensus/ http://www.ifbf.org http://www.ifbf.org http://www.extension.iastate.edu/communities) – click on "Faculty and Staff” to find specialist in your area http://www.extension.iastate.edu/communities/communit ydata.html NUTRIENT & MANURE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION & EDUCATION OTHER SNutrient management and correspondence course (ISU Extension) SManure management and nutrient calibrations (ISU Extension, IMMAG) SManure, N, P on-farm field demonstrations (ISU Extension) S ISU Extension, IDNR, SWCD, NRCS, IDALS-DCS SNewsletters, posters, education campaign development (NRCS, RC&D) SIntegrated Pest Management SWater Quality Projects (ISU Extension) SSoil (Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey) SCenter for Energy & Environmental Education (University of Northern Iowa) SAdopt-A-Stream (4-H, Boy Scouts, church youth, school class, environmental club, DNR) SWell closing demonstration (county sanitarian) SToxic Clean-up Day and household hazardous materials (IDNR Waste Management; University of Northern Iowa) SHelp senior citizens and disabled deliver recyclables SRecycle – newspapers, cans, plastic, eyeglasses, glass, phonebooks (IDNR) STires – turn in – may be used for playground equipment (IDNR) STour of watershed STour of landfill SLawn and garden nutrient and pest management (Master Gardener Program, ISU Extension) SIowa Master Conservationist Program (ISU Extension) SEnvironmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Priority Watershed (NRCS; Farm Service Agency (FSA) SGrants and programs for local groups (Farm Bureau, IDALS-DCS – water protection funds) SUrban problems (Center for Watershed Protection) http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/NPKnowledge/ http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/immag http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/waterquality http://icss.agron.iastate.edu/ http://www.uni.edu/ceee/ http://www.state.ia.us/parks/adopt.htm http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/wmad/index.html http://www.iwrc.org/ http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/wmad/wmabureau /recycling/index.htm http://www.state.ia.us/dnr/organiza/wmad/wmabureau /Tires/index.htm http://www.hort.iastate.edu/pages/conshort/c_frame. Html http://www.extension.iastate.edu/wildlife http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov/eqip/97_eqip.html http://www.fsa.usda.gov/dafp/cepd/crpinfo.htm http://www.ifbf.org/govt_action/enviro.asp http://www2.state.ia.us/agriculture/waterprojdev.htm http://www.cwp.org Compiled by John Rodecap, Iowa State University, Maquoketa Watershed Project, Fayette, Iowa, and Lois Wright Morton, Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, March 2001. . . and justice for all The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Many materials can be made available in alternative formats for ADA clients. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work. Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Stanley R. Johnson, director, Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa. Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 7: Local, state, and federal partners Community watershed groups must partner with other agencies, groups, and organizations to effectively solve watershed issues. There are many public and private groups that are concerned about water quality and quantity. Some have a legislative mandate, specific regulations, and guidelines that define their programs. Others are conservation and environmental groups that voluntarily have made water issues a part of their group mission and activities. Still others, such as private firms, are affected by water concerns and its impact on their business. Local, regional, state, and national organizations, agencies, and groups bring unique skills, perspectives and expectations that frame how they view water problems and what solutions they seek. Partnerships are built on the personal relations members of different groups have with each other. Thus, a local citizen watershed council works with other groups and agencies such as SWCD commissioners, DNR, Division of Soil Conservation, NRCS, municipal water authorities, Farm Bureau Federation, and Sierra Club as groups and through personal connections. This means that although partnerships may begin as two to three groups getting together because of water, they can only work together to solve watershed Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities concerns if the people in these groups trust each other. Just as the watershed group members must trust each other for the group to form and effectively undertake action, so members of different agencies and groups must have confidence that they are valued and respected. In partnerships, the expertise of different individuals, professions, and groups can be pooled, allowing a more complete understanding of issues, needs, and resources, improving the capacity to plan and evaluate, and allowing for the development of more comprehensive strategies. Further, division of responsibility allows each partner to specialize—doing what it does best. Because partners share responsibility, they are more likely to be creative as they become involved in new and broader issues. Partnerships also provide access to and permit development of talents, skills, and approaches not possible in any single organization. Further, partnerships bring together larger and more diverse constituencies than single organizations. By including diverse perspectives, partnerships can develop a more comprehensive vision, increase accountability, and achieve a wider base of support for their efforts. By demonstrating widespread support and Revised May 2006 7-1 taking joint action, partnerships can maximize their members’ power and increase access to policy makers, the media and the public. By coordinating services, partnerships can eliminate duplication, link and integrate partners’ activities, and ensure consistency. Thus, partnerships can make better use of limited resources, increase flexibility, and enhance the ability to leverage resources. Many partnerships are initiated through funding mandates or budget imperatives to increase coordination of services. However, joint relationships cannot be sustained by mandates alone. While partnerships can be influenced through incentives, they cannot be coerced. Successful partnerships must work beyond initial mandates of funding sources. Five essential elements form the basic ingredients or building blocks for successful partnerships. These include communication, coordination, cooperation, contribution and commitment. Communication in community partnerships are the conversations that establish common understandings. Communication has to be open and frequent and both formal and informal. Information exchanged needs to be presented in different ways, at different levels of complexity, and more than once, with time for processing to accommodate different cultural and individual styles and capacities. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Coordination is the linking of resources to match needs and limits duplication of services and/or activities. Local watershed management has a history of cooperative relations among government agencies such as Iowa State University Cooperative Extension, Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD), USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship-Division of Soil Conservation (IDALS/DSC). Citizen groups contribute to this local partnership through activities which help citizens learn and put in place practices that support good watershed management. Groups may share a common vision for their watershed but differ greatly on how to get there. Cooperation requires that groups and organizations respect differences in visions and actions. The underlining value on which partnerships are built and strengthened is trust. Trust cannot be infused onto the relationship by merely discussing it. Trust must grow over time by people being and working together. Sometimes partners have to agree to disagree. Contributions by partners will happen only when the talents, skills, and resources they bring to the partnership are appreciated and valued. Commitment is based on congruence with organizational mission and belief that working together is more effective than working as a single organization. Revised May 2006 7-2 Index to Watershed Partners Local, State, and Federal Agencies Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship/Soil Conservation Division ............. 7-5 Iowa Watershed Improvement Review Board .................................................................. 7-7 Soil and Water Conservation District Offices ................................................................. 7-8 Iowa Department of Natural Resources .............................................................................. 7-15 Fisheries Program ......................................................................................................... 7-19 Iowa Geological Survey ................................................................................................ 7-20 Iowa Geological Survey: Water Monitoring Section ..................................................... 7-21 IOWATER ..................................................................................................................... 7-22 Keepers of the Land ...................................................................................................... 7-23 Resources Enhancement and Protection Program (REAP) ........................................... 7-24 Water Quality Bureau .................................................................................................... 7-27 Iowa State University College of Agriculture ................................................................................................. 7-28 Agriculture and Natural Resources [Extension] ............................................................ 7-29 Community and Economic Development [Extension] ................................................... 7-30 Extension Distribution Center ...................................................................................... 7-31 Extension Sociology ..................................................................................................... 7-32 Heartland Water Coordination Initiative........................................................................ 7-33 Iowa NatureMapping ..................................................................................................... 7-35 Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture .................................................................. 7-36 Skunk River Navy .......................................................................................................... 7-37 Water Resources Research Institute (ISWRRI) ............................................................ 7-38 United States Army Corps of Engineers-Rock Island District ............................................ 7-39 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Extension Water Outreach Education ............................................................. 7-40 Natural Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) ....................................................... 7-41 Resource, Conservation and Development (USDA RC&D) .......................................... 7-42 Resource, Conservation and Development (Iowa RC&D) ............................................. 7-44 Iowa RC&D Areas and Contacts .................................................................................... 7-47 United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service .............................................................................................. 7-52 United States Environmental Protection Agency-Region 7 ................................................ 7-53 Watershed Academy ...................................................................................................... 7-54 Voluntary Not-for-Profit Organizations CDI (Conservation Districts of Iowa) ................................................................................. 7-56 Ducks Unlimited ................................................................................................................ 7-57 Iowa Environmental Council ............................................................................................... 7-61 Iowa Farm Bureau Federation ............................................................................................. 7-62 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-3 Iowa Native Plant Society ................................................................................................... 7-64 Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation ...................................................................................... 7-65 Iowa Prairie Network ......................................................................................................... 7-66 Iowa Watersheds, Inc. ......................................................................................................... 7-67 The Izaak Walton League of America .................................................................................. 7-69 Pheasants Forever............................................................................................................... 7-74 Soil and Water Conservation Society ................................................................................. 7-76 The Nature Conservancy ..................................................................................................... 7-77 The Adopt-a-Stream Foundation ......................................................................................... 7-78 Trees Forever ..................................................................................................................... 7-79 Wallace House Foundation ................................................................................................. 7-80 Water Environment Federation ........................................................................................... 7-81 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-4 http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/soilconservation.html 502 E. 9th Street, Wallace State Office Bldg Des Moines, IA 50319-0050 Phone: 515-281-5851; Fax: 515-281-6170 Kenneth R. Tow, Director [email protected] Mission/goals: The Division of Soil Conservation (DSC) is established within the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (DALS) with the responsibility for state leadership in the protection and management of soil, water and mineral resources; assisting soil and water conservation districts and private landowners to achieve their agricultural and environmental objectives. As authorized in Iowa Code Chapter 161A, the Division is administered in accordance with policies established by the State Soil Conservation Committee. It is operated under the administrative authority of the Secretary of Agriculture. The Division, following approval by the State Soil Conservation Committee, adopts administrative rules. Programs/activities: The Division provides financial assistance and administrative support to Iowa’s 100 soil and water conservation districts, and is responsible to secure the cooperation and assistance of state and federal agencies in the work of districts. Principle partners of the Division in this work include the Conservation Districts of Iowa, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and Iowa State University Cooperative Extension Service. Iowa’s 100 Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs) are responsible for carrying out soil conservation and water quality protection programs at the local level. Each SWCD is governed by a board of five elected commissioners who identify resource protection needs, set priorities, and coordinate and apply the resources of federal, state and local agencies and organizations to address soil conservation and water quality needs. Types of program activities conducted by soil and water conservation districts, with support from the Division of Soil Conservation and other conservation partners, include: • • • • • • • • Implementation of Iowa financial incentive programs Development soil and water resource conservation plans Development and implementation of water quality protection projects Development and implementation of watershed projects Establishing soil loss limits Administering soil loss complaints Carrying out conservation education programs in schools Conducting demonstrations and field days Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-5 Water Quality and Watershed Programs: The Division works to preserve and protect the quality and quantity of surface and groundwater resources of the state. The goal is to encourage the voluntary adoption of agricultural and urban best management practices, through education, demonstration and financial incentives. Cooperation with local, state, and federal agencies, and other groups is essential to effective watershed and water quality protection efforts. • Soil and water conservation districts protect the state’s surface and groundwater resources from point and non-point sources of contamination through water quality projects across the state. The Division provides administrative support and funding for these projects, and interfaces with the Department of Natural Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency to bring EPA Section 319 funding to districts. Authorized in Iowa Code Chapter 161C, projects are developed through a locally-led process initiated by soil and water conservation districts. State funding has been approximately $1 million appropriated annually. Applications for project funding consider the importance of the resource to be protected, the nature and extent of the water quality problem, proposed solutions, landowner interest, and the overall cost-effectiveness of the project. • The Iowa Legislature established the Iowa Watershed Protection Program in 1999 to accelerate watershed protection efforts in the state. Initially funded at $1.25 million, the support level was increased to $2.7 million in fiscal year 2001 which has been maintained at that level since. The program encourages an integrated, multi-objective approach to water quality protection, flood control, erosion control, and protection of other natural resources on a watershed scale. Water quality protection projects commonly use a comprehensive watershed planning approach to address resource conservation concerns. Three specific elements must be balanced in the process: 1) Planning begins with scientific/technical assessments that lead to technical solutions, 2) Informed social-political activism engaged through an efficient information and education campaign, and 3) Regard for funding opportunities and limitations and the understanding that watershed projects require funds from multiple sources. Watershed and water quality projects funded through SWCD and DSC programs combine thorough technical assessments and inventories, develop a high level of landowner and community support while working in the legislatively defined program parameters. Additional funding options usually feature partnerships with federal, state and local agencies and other organizations. Soil and water conservation districts have a respected tradition of coordinating the resources and programs for a variety of organizations to achieve local resource objectives. Citizens and groups interested in learning more about local, state, and federal conservation partners and their role in watershed and water quality protection may do so by visiting the IDALS webpage at: http:// www.agriculture.state.ia.us Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-6 The Board is administered by the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship—Division of Soil Conservation. The Board can be contacted at: Watershed Improvement Review Board Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship Wallace State Office Building 502 E. 9th St. Des Moines, IA 50319 http://www.agricutlure.state.ia.us/IWIRB.htm The Watershed Improvement Review Board (WIRB) was established in 2005 by the Iowa Legislature to provide grants to watershed and water quality projects. The Board is comprised of representatives from agriculture, drinking water and wastewater utilities, environmental organizations, agribusiness, the conservation community along with two state senators and two state representatives. Staff contact for the Board is: Jerry Neppel Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship Division of Soil Conservation Wallace State Office Building 502 E. 9th St. Des Moines, IA 50319 Ph: 515-281-3599 Fax: 515-281-6170 [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-7 Soil and Water Conservation District Offices http://www.agriculture.state.ia.us/swcdnm.asp Adair SWCD 705 NE 6th St., Ste. E, Greenfield, IA 50849-9549; Tel. (641) 743-6124; FAX (641) 743-2017 Adams SWCD 2243 Loomis Ave., Ste. 2, Corning, IA 50841-8008 ; Tel. (641) 322-3116; FAX (641) 322-3593 Allamakee SWCD 635 - 9th St. NW, Waukon, IA 52172-1448; Tel. (563) 568-2246; FAX (563) 568-3322 Appanoose SWCD 12th & Washington, Ag. Bldg., Centerville, IA 52544; Tel. (641) 856-3893; FAX (641) 856-6048 Audubon SWCD 900 Fourth Ave., Ste. 1, Audubon, IA 50025-1481; Tel. (712) 563-4248; FAX (712) 563-4809 Benton SWCD 1705 West D St., Vinton, IA 52349-2505; Tel. (319) 472-2161; FAX (319) 472-4649 Black Hawk SWCD 29590 Southland Dr., Ste. 2, Waterloo, IA 50701; Tel. (319) 296-3262; FAX (319) 296-1557 Boone SWCD 1327 SE Marshall St., Ste. 4, Boone, IA 50036-7519; Tel. (515) 432-2316; FAX (515) 432-6864 Bremer SWCD 1510 - 3rd Street SW, Waverly, IA 50677-0179; Tel. (319) 352-4037; FAX (319) 352-5846 Buchanan SWCD 503 - 17th St. SE, Independence, IA 50644-9874; Tel. (319) 334-4105; FAX (319) 334-6995 Buena Vista SWCD 1617 North Lake Ave., Storm Lake, IA 50588-1913; Tel. (712) 732-3096; FAX (712) 732-6059 Butler SWCD 310 Allan St., Box 324, Allison, IA 50602-0324; Tel. (319) 267-2756; FAX (319) 267-2123 Calhoun SWCD 905 High St., Ste. 1, Rockwell City, IA 50579; Tel. (712) 297-7824; FAX (712) 297-5509 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-8 Carroll SWCD 1917 Hwy. 71 N., Ste. 1, Carroll, IA 51401-3340; Tel. (712) 792-1212; FAX (712) 792-5785 Cass SWCD 503 W. 7th St., Ste. 1, Atlantic, IA 50022; Tel. (712) 243-3180; FAX (712) 243-1688 Cedar SWCD 205 W. South, Ste. 2, Tipton, IA 52772-1658; Tel. (563) 886-6214; FAX (563) 886-2254 Cerro Gordo SWCD 1415 S. Monroe, Suite B, Mason City, IA 50401; Tel. (641) 424-4452; FAX (641) 423-8779 Cherokee SWCD 314 Lake St., Cherokee, IA 51012; Tel. (712) 225-3769; FAX (712) 225-6090 Chickasaw SWCD 420 W. Milwaukee St., New Hampton, IA 50659-1104; Tel. (641) 394-2513; FAX (641) 394-3906 Clarke SWCD 709 Furnas Dr., Suite 3, Box 425, Osceola, IA 50213-0425; Tel. (641) 342-2917; FAX (641) 342-2278 Clay SWCD 306 - 11th St., SW Plaza, Spencer, IA 51301; Tel. (712) 262-3432; FAX (712) 262-7127 Clayton SWCD 500 Gunder Rd. NE, Box 547, Elkader, IA 52043-0547; Tel. (563) 245-1048; FAX (563) 245-2634 Clinton SWCD 1212 - 17th Ave., De Witt, IA 52742-1083; Tel. (563) 659-3456; FAX (563) 659-2288 Crawford SWCD 3707 Timberline Dr., Ste. 1, Denison, IA 51442; Tel. (712) 263-4123; FAX (712) 263-5918 Dallas SWCD 1918 Greene, Suite 2, Adel, IA 50003; Tel. (515) 993-3413; FAX (515) 993-4713 Davis SWCD 106 N. Dodge St., Ste. 3, Bloomfield, IA 52537-1463; Tel. (641) 664-2600; FAX (641) 664-3425 Decatur SWCD 303 SW Lorraine St., Box 27, Leon, IA 50144; Tel. (641) 446-4135; FAX (641) 446-3360 Delaware SWCD 200 S. 12th St., Manchester, IA 52057; Tel. (563) 927-4590; FAX (563) 927-4535 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-9 Des Moines SWCD 3625 Flint Ridge Drive, Burlington, IA 52601-9403; Tel. (319) 753-6221; FAX (319) 752-7397 Dickinson SWCD 2412 - 17th St., Spirit Lake, IA 51360; Tel. (712) 336-3782; FAX (712) 336-4278 Dubuque SWCD 210 Bierman, Epworth, IA 52045-9529; Tel. (563) 876-3418; FAX (563) 876-3653 Emmet SWCD 2109 Murray Rd., Estherville, IA 51334; Tel. (712) 362-2883; FAX (712) 362-7243 Fayette SWCD 120 N. Industrial Parkway #2, West Union, IA 52175-1612; Tel. (563) 422-3868; FAX (563) 422-3961 Floyd SWCD 623 Beck St., Charles City, IA 50616 ; Tel. (641) 228-2725; FAX (641) 228-7378 Franklin SWCD 1019 - 4th St. SE, Hampton, IA 50441; Tel. (641) 456-2157; FAX (641) 456-3762 Fremont SWCD 301 Main St., Box 490, Sidney, IA 51652; Tel. (712) 374-2014; FAX (712) 374-2563 Greene SWCD 1703 N. Elm, Ste. 2, Jefferson, IA 50129; Tel. (515) 386-3817; FAX (515) 386-4328 Grundy SWCD 805 W. 4th St., Ste. 2, Grundy Center, IA 50638-1069; Tel. (319) 824-3634; FAX (319) 824-6333 Guthrie SWCD 1000 School St., Guthrie Center, IA 50115; Tel. (641) 332-2812; FAX (641) 332-2644 Hamilton SWCD 1921 Superior St., Webster City, IA 50595; Tel. (515) 832-2916; FAX (515) 832-1113 Hancock SWCD 255 US Hwy. 69, Ste. 1, Garner, IA 50438; Tel. (641) 923-2837; FAX (641) 923-3660 Hardin SWCD 840 Brooks Rd., Iowa Falls, IA 50126-8008; Tel. (641) 648-3463; FAX (641) 648-9227 Harrison SWCD 2710 Hwy. 127, Logan, IA 51546-0202; Tel. (712) 644-2210; FAX (712) 644-3247 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-10 Henry SWCD 2205 E. Washington St. Ste. 101, Mt. Pleasant, IA 52641; Tel. (319) 385-2824; FAX (319) 385-0173 Howard SWCD 311 - 7th St. SW, Ste. 2, Cresco, IA 52136-1865; Tel. (563) 547-3040; FAX (563) 547-3701 Humboldt SWCD 1301 - 6th Ave., Ste. #2, Humboldt, IA 50548; Tel. (515) 332-3337; FAX (515) 332-3961 Ida SWCD 5973 State Hwy. 175, Box 210, Ida Grove, IA 51445; Tel. (712) 364-2124; FAX (712) 364-4173 Iowa SWCD 435 N. Highland, Williamsburg, IA 52361; Tel. (319) 668-2359; FAX (319) 668-9004 Jackson SWCD 603 1/2 E. Platt, Maquoketa, IA 52060; Tel. (563) 652-2337; FAX (563) 652-4889 Jasper SWCD 709 - 1st Ave. W., Newton, IA 50208; Tel. (641) 792-4116; FAX (641) 792-8252 Jefferson SWCD 605 S. 23rd St., Fairfield, IA 52556-4212; Tel. (641) 472-4356; FAX (641) 469-6264 Johnson SWCD 51 Escort Ln., Iowa City, IA 52240; Tel. (319) 337-2322; FAX (319) 358-9521 Jones SWCD 300 Chamber Dr., Anamosa, IA 52205; Tel. (319) 462-3196; FAX (319) 462-3099 Keokuk SWCD 607 E. Jackson, Sigourney, IA 52591; Tel. (641) 622-3380; FAX (641) 622-2040 Kossuth SWCD 605 E. State St., Ste. 2, Algona, IA 50511-2839; Tel. (515) 295-5156; FAX (515) 295-9059 Lee SWCD 507 Elm St., Box 57, Donnellson, IA 52625; Tel. (319) 835-5313; FAX (319) 835-5310 Linn SWCD 3025 - 7th Ave., Marion, IA 52302; Tel. (319) 377-5960; FAX (319) 377-3117 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-11 Louisa SWCD 514 Isett St., Wapello, IA 52653; Tel. (319) 523-6411; FAX (319) 523-3605 Lucas SWCD 21792 - 490th St., Chariton, IA 50049-8529; Tel. (641) 774-2512; FAX (641) 774-2700 Lyon SWCD 710 N. 2nd Ave. E, Ste. 102, Rock Rapids, IA 51246-0326; Tel. (712) 472-4021; FAX (712) 472-3270 Madison SWCD 815 E. Hwy 92, Box 267, Winterset, IA 50273-0267; Tel. (515) 462-2961; FAX (515) 462-4569 Mahaska SWCD 2503 Todd St., Box 85, Oskaloosa, IA 52577-0085; Tel. (641) 673-3476; FAX (641) 673-9305 Marion SWCD 1445 Lake Dr., Ste. 1, Box 47, Knoxville, IA 50138-0047; Tel. (641) 842-5314; FAX (641) 842-2219 Marshall SWCD 2608 S. 2nd St., Ste. B, Marshalltown, IA 50158-4548; Tel. (641) 753-8677; FAX (641) 753-7946 Mills SWCD 204 W. 5th St., Box 190, Malvern, IA 51551; Tel. (712) 624-8606; FAX (712) 624-8587 Mitchell SWCD 1529 Main St., Osage, I1A 50461-1824; Tel. (641) 732-5504; FAX (641) 732-5518 Monona SWCD 2631 Iowa Ave., Onawa, IA 51040; Tel. (712) 423-2624; FAX (712) 423-3385 Monroe SWCD 1701 S. B Street, Ste. 100, Albia, IA 52531; Tel. (641) 932-5144; FAX (641) 932-2746 Montgomery SWCD 2505 N. Broadway, Ste. 2, Red Oak, IA 51566-1077; Tel. (712) 623-9680; FAX (712) 623-4318 Muscatine SWCD 109 Lake Park Blvd., Muscatine, IA 52761; Tel. (563) 263-7944; FAX (563) 263-9048 O’Brien SWCD 315 S. Rerick Ave., Primghar, IA 51245; Tel. (712) 757-4855; FAX (712) 757-8500 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-12 Osceola SWCD 1672 Hwy. 60 Blvd., Box 155, Sibley, IA 51249-0155; Tel. (712) 754-2111; FAX (712) 754-3995 Page SWCD 1003 S. 8th St., Clarinda, IA 51632-2800; Tel. (712) 542-5484; FAX (712) 542-3612 Palo Alto SWCD 3302 Main, Emmetsburg, IA 50536; Tel. (712) 852-3386; FAX (712) 852-4906 Plymouth SWCD 1100A - 12th St. SW, LeMars, IA 51031; Tel. (712) 546-8858; FAX (712) 546-5187 Pocahontas SWCD 600 W. Elm St., Pocahontas, IA 50574-1858; Tel. (712) 335-4790; FAX (712) 335-3125 Polk SWCD 1513 N. Ankeny Blvd., Suite 3, Ankeny, IA 50021; Tel. (515) 964-1883; FAX (515) 964-8613 East Pottawattamie SWCD 321 Oakland Ave., Box 429, Oakland, IA 51560; Tel. (712) 482-6408; FAX (712) 482-3561 West Pottawattamie SWCD 305 McKenzie Ave., Suite 1, Council Bluffs, IA 51503; Tel. (712) 328-2489; FAX (712) 322-2987 Poweshiek SWCD I80 & Hwy. 63 N., Box 216, Malcom, IA 50157; Tel. (641) 528-2065; FAX (641) 528-2602 Ringgold SWCD 1201 E. South, Box 592, Mount Ayr, IA 50854; Tel. (641) 464-2201; FAX (641) 464-3630 Sac SWCD 404 Morningside Drive, Box 276, Sac City, IA 50583; Tel. (712) 662-7773; FAX (712) 662-4205 Scott SWCD 8370 Hillandale Rd., Davenport, IA 52806; Tel. (563) 391-1403; FAX (563) 388-0682 Shelby SWCD 2519 Southwest Ave., Harlan, IA 51537-2331; Tel. (712) 755-2417; FAX (712) 755-2381 Sioux SWCD 716 - 8th St. SE, Orange City, IA 51041-9673; Tel. (712) 737-2253; FAX (712) 737-4654 Story SWCD 510 - 11th St. S., Nevada, IA 50201; Tel. (515) 382-2217; FAX (515) 382-5708 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-13 Tama SWCD 203 W. High St., Toledo, IA 52342; Tel. (641) 484-2702; FAX (641) 484-5289 Taylor SWCD 1506 Oak St., Bedford, IA 50833-9100; Tel. (712) 523-3631; FAX (712) 523-3591 Union SWCD 904 E. Taylor, Box 326, Creston, IA 50801-2302; Tel. (641) 782-4218; FAX (641) 782-5957 Van Buren SWCD 1016 Franklin St. - East Wing, Keosauqua, IA 52565; Tel. (319) 293-3523; FAX (319) 293-3192 Wapello SWCD 2938 Oak Meadow Dr., Ste. 2, Ottumwa, IA 52501-1952; Tel. (641) 682-0752; FAX (641) 684-2237 Warren SWCD 909 E. 2nd Ave., Ste. B, Indianola, IA 50125-2812; Tel. (515) 961-5264; FAX (515) 961-5738 Washington SWCD 1621 E. Washington St., Washington, IA 52353; Tel. (319) 653-6654; FAX (319) 653-2700 Wayne SWCD 300 S. Lafayette St., Corydon, IA 50060; Tel. (641) 872-1350; FAX (641) 872-1631 Webster SWCD 1200 1/2 - 3rd Ave. NW, Fort Dodge, IA 50501; Tel. (515) 573-4411; FAX (515) 573-5539 Winnebago SWCD 163 First Ave., Box 85, Thompson, IA 50478; Tel. (641) 584-2211; FAX (641) 584-2215 Winneshiek SWCD 2296 Oil Well Rd., Box 228, Decorah, IA 52101; Tel. (563) 382-4352; FAX (563) 382-6382 Woodbury SWCD 206 First St., PO Box 725, Sergeant Bluff, IA 51054-0725; Tel. (712) 943-6727; FAX (712) 943-6729 Worth SWCD 1004 - 10th St. S, Ste. B, Northwood, IA 50459-1600; Tel. (641) 324-1819; FAX (641) 324-3140 Wright SWCD 121 First Ave. NE, Clarion, IA 50525; Tel. (515) 532-2165; FAX (515) 532-3506 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-14 502 E. 9th Street, Wallace State Office Building Des Moines, IA 50319-0034 Phone: (515) 281-IDNR (5918) http://www.iowadnr.com Mission/Goals: The department’s mission is to manage, protect, conserve, and develop Iowa’s natural resources in cooperation with other public and private organizations and individuals, so that the quality of life for Iowans is significantly enhanced by the use, enjoyment and understanding of those resources. Major Programs: The mission of the Department of Natural Resources involves broad and interwoven programs, many of which overlap with the responsibilities of federal and other state agencies, local governments and the private sector. Building and maintaining effective partnerships and coalitions are essential in achieving the appropriate levels of commitment and support to manage, protect, conserve, develop, and understand Iowa’s natural resources. Facility maintenance of existing park and recreation facilties; open spaces acquisition and development; environmental/conservation ethic, energy efficiency and alternative energy resources, waste management, water quality, environmental program funding. On the following pages you will find a list of programs administered by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-15 Abandoned Sites Abandoned Wells Administrative Orders/Administrative Procedures Act/ Administrative Rules Agricultural Drainage Wells Agricultural Energy Efficiency Air Emission Assistance Air Quality Operating Permits and Title V All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) Programs and Trail Grants Alternative Transportation Fuels Animal Feeding Operations/Animal Waste Aquatic Education Aquaculture Unit License Aquifers Asbestos Auto Emissions/Fuel Economy Awards (Big Deer, Big Fish, Energy Awards, Governor’s Waste Reduction Awards) Bait Dealers License Banding or Marking (Birds of other animals) Barge Fleeting Batteries Big Creek Shooting Range Big Creek Demonstration Project Big Tree Program Biomass Biosolids Boating (Laws, General Information, Resistration, Access) Boating Education Bottle Bill, Deposit Brochures Building Energy Management Programs (BEMP) By-product and Waste Search Service (BAWSS) Cabins/Camping Capitol Complex Recycling Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination (CHEEC) Chemical Spills Chickadee Checkoff Chlorinated Fluorocarbons (CFCs) Clean Lakes Program (in conjunction with EPA) Commercial Fishing Composting Conservation Education Conservationist Construction Project Information Deer Hunting Des Moines Recreational River and Greenbelt Committee Dock Management Areas Dredging Duck Fee Earth Day Earth Resources Observation System (EROS) Earthquakes Emergency Response Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Employment: EPD Encroachments Endangered Species Energy Data and Statistics Energy Efficient Lighting Energy Emergency Planning Energy Fund Disbursement Council Energy Planning Engineering Qualifications for Energy Programs Environmental Education Environmental Management Program (EMP) Environmental Protection Commission (EPC) Falconry Feedlots Field Trials Fire Prevention and Protection Firewood from Public Lands Fish Hatcheries Fish Iowa Fish Management Fish Research Stations Fishing Fishing Clinics/News Fishing License Flood Insurance Flood Plain Development and Management Forest and Fruit Tree Reservation Foresters/Forests Forestry Aid to Private Landowners Fossils 401 Water Quality Certification Fur Dealers License Game Breeders License Geographic Information System (GIS) Ginseng Global Climate Change Grants Groundwater Hazard Statement Groundwater Vulnerability Habitat Stamp Handicapped Accessibility Handicapped Permits Hazardous Waste Health Issues (Dept. of Public Health) Hide Holding Highway Plantings Household Hazardous Materials (HHM) Hunter Education Program Hunting Areas Hunting License Hunting Seasons Hydrology Revised May 2006 7-16 Industrial Minerals Industrial Pretreatment Permit Inert Ingredients Infectious Waste Institutional Conservation Program Iowa Energy Bureau Iowa Global Warming Center Iowa Hospital Energy Bank Program Iowa Local Government Energy Bank Program Iowa Private College Energy Bank Program Iowa School Energy Bank Program Iowa Waste Reduction Center (IWRC) Laboratory Certification (EPD) Land Acquisition Land Applied Biosolids (sludge) Land and Water Conservation Fund Grants (LAWCON) Landfill Alternatives Financial Assistance Lead Paint Removal Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Legislative Liaison Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture Licenses Life Cycle Cost Analysis Management Agreements Marine Fuel Tax Fund Grants and Projects Meandered Streams Medical Waste Milldams Minerals Mine Reclamation Mississippi River Topics Missouri River Basin Association Municipal Sludge Land Application Mussel License Natural Areas Inventory Natural Resource Commission (NRC) Newsletters and News Releases (DNR/EPD) Nongame Wildlife Nonpermanent Structures Nonpoint Source Water Nonresident Fishing and Hunting Licenses North American Waterfowl Management Plan National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Oil/Gas and Metallic Minerals Exploration Oil Overcharge Funds Open Burning Operator Certification Parks and Recreation Areas Park Lodges (Enclosed) Permits Pesticides Pipelines Prairie Pothole Joint Venture (PPJV) Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Preserves/Preserves Advisory Board Private School Energy Bank Program Private Water Well Program Project WILD Protected Water Areas Publications (DNR/EPD) Public Land Management Public Service Announcements Radon Radioactive Waste Records Recreational Trails Recycle Iowa (WMAD) Regional Collection Centers Registration (Camping) Remote Sensing Renewable Resources Reservations (Parks) Resource Enhancement and Protection (REAP) Roadside Vegetation Rocks Rules Rural Community Fire Protection Program Grants Sand and Gravel Removal Sanitary Disposal Projects Sanitary Landfills Scientific Collector’s License Septic Tanks Sewage Treatment Shelterbelt Program Shooting Preserve Slough Bill Sludge Snowmobile programs Solid Waste Sovereign Lands Spills Springbrook Conservation Education Center State Energy Conservation Program State Fair State Revolving Fund (SRF) State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) State Forests State of Iowa Facilities Improvement Corporation (SIFIC) Storm Water Superfund Surface Water Monitoring Taxidermy License Toxic Cleanup Days Timber Buyer Bonding Tires Topographic Maps Toxic Waste Revised May 2006 7-17 Trails Transportation Efficiency Trapping Trout Fee Turn in Poachers (TIP) Uncontrolled Sites University Hygienic Laboratory Underground Storage Tanks (UST) Unit-Based Pricing Programs Urban Forestry Used Oil Video Assistance Waste Management Waste Reduction Assistance Program (WRAP) Wastewater Water Allocation and use Water Quality Monitoring and Standards Water Supply Water Testing Water Treatment Plant Operator Certification Water Wells Waterfowl Stamp Weatherization Well Closures and Grants Well Drilling Well Permits Wetlands White Goods Wildlife Wind Energy Yard Waste Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-18 Iowa Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Program Marion Conover, Bureau Chief Wallace Building - 502 E 9th St. Des Moines, IA 50319-0034 Phone: (515) 281-5208; Fax: (515) 281-6794 http://www.iowadnr.com/fish Mission/Goals: Protect and enhance fish environments, habitats, populations and other forms of aquatic life for the benefit, welfare and enjoyment of the citizens of this state and its visitors. Major Programs: • Management—Fifteen management teams conduct lake and stream surveys, angler surveys and fish kill investigations. Other work includes fisheries renovation and population manipulation projects, habitat improvement projects, permit reviews, and watershed issues. • Research—Six research teams help solve fisheries problems identified by resource managers and the public. Findings help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fisheries management efforts. • Fish Culture—One hundred thirty million fish are reared and stocked each year from Iowa’s eight fish hatcheries to restore native populations and improve fishing opportunities. • Aquatic Education—The thrust of this program is providing teacher training in aquatic education dealing with resource stewardship and fishing skill issues. • Aquatic Nuisance Species—Annually this team monitors waters of the state for aquatic nuisance species (ANS) and takes steps to eradicate populations or limit the spread. • Lake and Stream Restoration—The bureau works with intra and inter-agency groups, academia and public to diagnose problems and develop and implement measures for water quality improvement. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-19 Iowa Department of Natural Resources Iowa Geological Survey 109 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1319 Phone: (319) 335-1575; Fax: (319) 335-2754 Email: [email protected] http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu Mission/Goals: The Iowa Geological Survey plans and implements programs that result in the acquisition of comprehensive information on the geologic mineral and water resources of the State of Iowa, with emphasis on water supply developments and monitoring the effects of environmental impacts on water quality. Major Programs: Cooperative agreements are developed with federal and other state agencies to collect geologic and hydrologic data in order to maximize the benefits derived from resource assessments and to expand educational and technology transfer programs. Natural resources information is thoroughly analyzed, interpreted and made available to users through publications, consultant services, and the library of databases that comprise the Department’s Natural Resources Geographic Information System. If you have an interest in Iowa’s geology, if you are a teacher looking for earth-science information for your class, if you are a researcher looking for detailed stratigraphic information on Iowa, if you want to know if that is a geode you found in your back yard, if you’re planning to visit Devonian Fossil Gorge and want to learn more about it, you can find information on these topics and others on the Internet through the Iowa Geological Survey (IGS) World Wide Web site at www.igsb.uiowa.edu. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-20 Iowa Department of Natural Resources Iowa Geological and Land Quality Survey: Water Monitoring Section 109 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1319 Phone: (515) 335-1575; Fax: (319) 335-2754 Email: [email protected] The Water Monitoring Section of the Iowa Department of Natural Resources-Geological Survey Bureau is responsible for the design, implementation and management of Iowa’s Ambient Water Monitoring Program. The purpose of the program is to develop and deliver consistent, unbiased information about the condition of Iowa’s surface and groundwater resources so that decisions regarding the development, management and protection of these resources may be improved. Since 1999, Governor Vilsack and the Iowa Legislature have shown tremendous support, and have appropriated $2.5 million for the program in the 2002 fiscal year. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-21 Iowa Department of Natural Resources IOWATER Brian Soenen, Coordinator Wallace State Office Building 502 E. 9th St., Des Moines, IA 50319 Phone: (515) 281-6640; Fax: (515) 281-8895 [email protected] http://www.iowater.net Mission/Goals: To protect and improve Iowa’s water quality by establishing and supporting a statewide volunteer water monitoring program; to expand citizen volunteer water monitoring in Iowa; to provide a balanced approach for citizens to become involved in protecting and improving water resources; to develop opportunities for citizens to experience and discover the influence of watersheds on water quality; to develop a user-friendly process for data collection and interpretation to increase accurate information on the state’s water resources. Major Programs: • Establish training programs around the state that will improve the quality and quantity of • • • • • • water data collected by providing citizens standard methods of data collection among volunteers. Support existing volunteer water monitoring efforts; establish outreach programs to increase citizen awareness of and responsibility for local water resources. Provide information for citizen groups to use in actively promoting responsible decision making in protecting local water quality. Assist new partnerships and alliances throughout Iowa in designing and implementing water monitoring projects. Facilitate communication among volunteer groups, local landowners, and government agencies, to promote sharing of data and resources. Develop a statewide volunteer database, available to all, for the collection of baseline water quality information and establishing long-term water quality trends. Integrate IOWATER into conservation education programs in Iowa. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-22 Iowa Department of Natural Resources Keepers of the Land Phone: 515-281-0878 Merry Rankin, Coordinator Wallace State Office Building 502 E. 9th Street Des Moines, IA 50319 Fax: 515-281-6794 Mission/Goals: The purpose of the DNR Keepers of the Land program is to provide support for successful natural resource related volunteer programs, and to develop new opportunities for volunteers. Major Programs: Adopt-a-Stream, Adopt-a-Park, Hunter and Recreation Vehicle Safety, IOWATER Citizen Water Quality Monitoring, Trees for Kids/Teens, Springbrook Outdoor Skills Programs, Campground Hosts, State Parks Friends Groups, Fish Iowa, and many more! Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-23 Iowa Department of Natural Resources Resources Enhancement and Protection Program Order a REAP brochure: (515) 281-5918 Ross Harrison, Coordinator Wallace State Office Building 502 E. 9th Street Des Moines, IA 50319 Telephone: 515-281-5973 Fax: 515-281-6795 How to buy . . . Iowa’s most beautiful license plate, the REAP plate, can be purchased several ways. The most direct route is to take your existing plates and vehicle registration to your county treasurer’s office and tell them you want to buy the REAP plate, or the natural resources plate (same plate). The regular REAP plate, right off the stack and not personalized will cost an additional $35, then $10 a year to renew, on your registration renewal date. If you want a personalized REAP plate, you first must fill out an application form, available at any DOT motor vehicle division office and at most county treasurers. It may take several weeks for DOT approval of your personalization. It is limited to 5 characters. The personalized plate is $80 for the initial purchase, then $15 a year thereafter for renewal. You can buy a gift certificate for the $35 or the $80 plate at your county treasurer’s office. The gift receiver will have to follow through with the treasure’s office by bringing in their old plates and registration. You may be able to buy the regular REAP plate by mail, if your county treasurer agrees to do it that way. Call your treasurer’s office to see if this is available in your county. Why to buy..... 100% of the price you pay ($35) for the regular REAP plate, and 100% of the $10 renewal fee is deposited directly into the REAP fund. $35 of the $80 cost of the personalized plate, and $10 of the $15 renewal for the personalized plate goes into the REAP fund. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-24 REAP is Iowa’s most famous conservation funding program — the Resources Enhancement And Protection program. It became law in 1989. In 1990 REAP received the nation’s highest award for the best state conservation program in the nation. Here’s how it works. Since REAP began, nearly $100 million have been devoted to it by the Iowa Legislature and Governor. REAP divides that money into several programs based on a formula: $350,000 Conservation Education 1% DNR for administration of REAP 9% DNR for land management (parks, mostly) 28% DNR for land acquisition and development (open spaces) 20% County conservation boards 20% Soil and water enhancement 15% City parks and open spaces 5% Historical resources 3% Roadside vegetation For the past several years, REAP has been funded at around $10 million a year. About $1 million of that comes from the sale of REAP license plates. The rest is from General Fund appropriations and interest on the balance the REAP funds in the Treasury. For more information on REAP and what it has done in your local area, check with your county conservation board and your city park and recreation department. The REAP “Grants to Counties” program provides funds for well water testing. Check with your county sanitarian for details. You can also call the DNR to order a REAP brochure by calling 515-281-5918. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-25 Water Protection Projects The State of Iowa receives funds from the Resource Enhancement and Protection Account (REAP) to carry out soil and water enhancement programs including reforestation, woodland protection and enhancement, wildlife habitat preservation and enhancement, protection of highly erodible soils, and clean water programs. The Soil and Water Enhancement Account receives 20 percent of the REAP appropriation. Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs) are the only eligible applicants for the Soil and Water Enhancement Project Funds. The districts make application to the State Soil Conservation Committee and the DSC. The DSC works closely with DNR and other state and federal resource agencies in selecting the projects to be funded. Fifty percent of the annual allocation to the Soil and Water Enhancement Account up to a maximum of $1 million is directed to water quality protection projects. In 1989, prior to REAP, the DSC funded eight water quality projects out of 38 applications through the oil overcharge account. These project costs totaled $481,298. Since 1990, funding for Water Protection Projects has been provided through the REAP Program. For state fiscal years 1990-1993, $2.58 million in funding for water protection projects has been provided through the REAP Program. For SFY 1994, REAP funding provided $944,000 for 20 water protection projects, and for SFY 1995 REAP provided $685,000 for 23 projects. The projects are designated to protect both surface and groundwater. Rules for administering the water protection fund projects are found in the administrative rules of the State of Iowa. The balance of the Soil and Water Enhancement Account allocation is directed to water protection practices. The water protection practice allotment is then further divided for forestry and native vegetation practices (25 percent) and land treatment practices (75 percent). Rules for administering the Water Protection Practices Program were adopted by DSC in early 1990. Major provisions of the approved rules include the following: 1. Districts must designate the high priority watersheds or water quality problems that funding will be used for and the State Conservation Committee must approve the districts priority designations. 2. Some practices which have had little or no support in previous cost-share programs will be encouraged. Cost-share at the 75 percent level will be available for critical area planting, grass strips, field borders, filter strips, and pasture and hayland planting. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-26 Iowa Department of Natural Resources Water Quality Bureau Chuck Corell, Bureau Chief Wallace State Office Building; 502 E. 9th Street Des Moines, IA 50319 Phone: (515) 281-4582; Fax 515-281-6794 [email protected] http://www.iowadnr.com Mission/Goals: The Water Quality Bureau is responsible for a diverse group of surface and groundwater programs. Many of the following programs are based upon federal law administered by the US EPA. In these cases the federal government has delegated program responsibility to the DNR. In each case, permits and review of technical proposals are supplemented by assistance from staff to help local governments, businesses and individuals meet the requirements of state and federal law. Major Programs: Water Supply Section · Water Supply Staff Roster · Water Supply Program Links · Drinking Water Annual Compliance Reports · Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Program Wastewater Section · Wastewater Staff Roster · Wastewater Program Links · Wastewater Design Standards · Storm Water Program · Pretreatment Program · Animal Feeding Operations · Onsite Wastewater Treatment (Septic) Water Resources Section · Water Resources Staff Roster · TMDLs/Iowa’s Impaired Waters · 2000 Water Quality in Iowa (305(b) Report) · Nonpoint Source Information Water Monitoring Data (Iowa STORET) Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-27 College of Agriculture 138 Curtiss Hall Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1050 Phone: (515) 294-2518; Fax: (515) 294-6800 http://www.ag.iastate.edu Dean Wendy K. Wintersteen MISSION The college of Agriculture’s mission is to: • • • discover and share science-based knowledge for the development of socially beneficial, economically successful and environmentally sound systems for food and other renewable resources engage communities for enhancing the quality of life and prepare students to become future leaders in agriculture and society FOR Students Alumni Ag Professionals Employers Faculty/Staff News Media Ag Web Surfers ABOUT The College Academic Departments Research Programs Extension & Outreach Centers & Institutes Diversity Global Ag Programs VISION The College of Agriculture will enrich the lives of people in Iowa, the nation and the world thorugh excellence in education, scholarship, service and leadership in food, agricutlural, environmental and social sciences. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-28 Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension 132 Curtiss Hall Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1050 Phone: (515) 294-4333; Fax: (515) 294-5745 http://www.extension.iastate.edu/ag/ Gerald Miller, Director [email protected] Paul Brown, Assistant Director 109 Curtiss Hall Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1050 Phone: (515) 294-7801; Fax: (515) 294-5099 [email protected] Topics Ag Energy - Risk Management, Energy and Grain Issues Agricultural and Homeland Security Animal Agriculture and Air Quality Animal Waste Management Aquaculture Crops and Soils Services and Information Farm Business Management Farm Safety Flood Cleanup Information Food Safety Forestry Grants and Contracts Iowa Nature Mapping Lawn & Garden and Horticulture Livestock Newsletters Orchard/Vineyard GIS/IMS Map Value-Added Agriculture Water Quality and Watersheds Wildlife Extension Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-29 Community and Economic Development Extension 126 College of Design Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3091 Phone: (515) 294-8397; Fax: (515) 294-5156 http://www.extension.iastate.edu/communities/ Tim Borich, Director [email protected] Mission Iowa State University Extension to Communities helps organizations and local governments develop and build their capacity to make Iowa communities better places to live and work. Vision To assist the people of Iowa to search for understanding and answers that will lead to productive, healthy, and sustainable communities. Values • We value our opportunities to educate and inform, to question and facilitate; it is not our role to dictate answers and strategies to the client. • We value ongoing relationships with clients to help them see their way to success. • We value cooperation with others as we carry out our unique educational role in the community. development process. Programs and Resources • Leadership and Training Institutes • Programs for Communities • Community Data • Tools for Developing Communities • Publications Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-30 ISU Extension Distribution Center 119 Printing and Publications Bldg. Ames, IA 50011 Phone: 515-294-5247 Fax: 515-294-2945 E-mail: [email protected] Water Resources and Water Quality Publications http://www.extension.iastate.edu/store/ListItems.aspx?CategoryID=100 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-31 Extension Sociology www.soc.iastate.edu/extension.html & hip al ers on t ad ati Le aniz pmen g Or velo De Agriculture in Transition B Na uildi tur ng Co al R Food mm eso & un urc itie es s Community Vitality Tracking the Pulse of Iowa Communities in Transition Partnerships in Community Building Building the relationships of social life Extension sociology engages the people and communities of Iowa by applying science and scholarship to the issues of public concern and daily life. Our core research, extension, and outreach programs focus on: Ć Ć Ć Ć OHDGHUVKLSDQGRUJDQL]DWLRQDOGHYHORSPHQW EXLOGLQJIRRGDQGQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHFRPPXQLWLHV SDUWQHUVKLSVLQFRPPXQLW\EXLOGLQJDQG WUDFNLQJWKHSXOVHRI,RZD Extension sociology is aligned with ISU Extension to Communities and ISU Extension to Agriculture and Natural Resources. Visit http://www.soc.iastate.edu/extension/publications.html for the following publications: Ć Renewing Local Watersheds Ć Resident-led Watershed Management Ć 3HUIRUPDQFHEDVHG(QYLURQPHQWDO0DQDJHPHQW Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-32 Regional Water Coordination Initiative http://www.heartlandwq.iastate.edu Project Leadership IOWA Gerald Miller 132 Curtiss Hall Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1050 515-294-4333 FAX 515-294-5745 [email protected] REGIONAL LIAISON Susan Brown 132 Curtiss Hall Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1050 515-294-4333 [email protected] Program Assistant: Linda Schultz [email protected] KANSAS John Lawrence 468F Heady Hall Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1070 515-294-6290 FAX 515-294-1700 [email protected] Daniel Devlin 2014 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506-5501 785-532-5776 FAX 785-532-6315 [email protected] Lois Wright Morton 317C East Hall Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1050 515 294-2843 [email protected] Charles Barden 2021 Throckmorton-HFRR Kansas State University Forestry Division Manhattan, KS 66506-5507 785-532-1444 FAX 785-532-5780 [email protected] Program Assistant: Joe Lally 465 Heady Hall Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1070 515-294-1496 [email protected] Amanda Schielke 2014 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center Kansas State University Manhattan, KS 66506-5501 785-532-0124 FAX 785-532-6315 [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-33 MISSOURI Bob Broz 205 Agricultural Engineering Building Columbia, MO 65211 573-882-0085 FAX 573-884-5650 [email protected] Sandra Hodge 230 Gentry Hall University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 573 882-4435 573 882-5127 [email protected] John Tharp 205 Ag Engineering Columbia, MO 65211 Phone: (573) 882-0085 Fax: (573) 884-5650 [email protected] NEBRASKA Richard Koelsch 218 L.W. Chase Hall University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68583-0726 402-472-4051 FAX 402-472-6338 [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Charles S. Wortmann 279 Plant Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln PO Box 830915 Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 402-472-2909 FAX 402-472-7904 [email protected] Jamie Benning 465 Heady Hall Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-1070 515-294-1496 [email protected] EPA REGION 7 Damon Frizzell EPA Region 7 WWPD/GPCB 901 N. 5th Street Kansas City, Kansas 66101 913-551-7560 FAX 913-551-8723 [email protected] Revised May 2006 7-34 Jason P. O’Brien, NatureMapping Coordinator Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management 339 Science II Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3221 Phone: (515) 294-6440; FAX: (515) 294-2995 [email protected] http://www.extension.iastate.edu/naturemapping Dr. James L. Pease, Extension Wildlife Specialist Phone: 515-294-7429 [email protected] NatureMapping is an Iowa State University Extension Wildlife Program that trains people just like you how to monitor and report the wildlife they observe and the habitats they observe them in. This can include wildlife at a backyard feeder, on a woodland or prairie hike, in a school yard, or at your place of employment... anywhere you observe wildlife. The data you collect is reported to us via this website so that it can be used and viewed by you or anyone else that has an interest in Iowa’s wildlife and habitats. Why NatureMapping? People observe wildlife everyday. • • • • Individuals Schools Community organizations Businesses NatureMapping allows humans to learn more about fellow living beings with whom we share this Earth. It helps us find out “who’s out there” and where they live. NatureMapping is a perfect way to use your appreciation of nature and contribute much needed information about Iowa’s common wildlife species. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-35 www.leopold.iastate.edu Iowa State University, 209 Curtiss Hall Ames IA 50011-1050 [email protected] LEOPOLD CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE MISSION AND VISION The Leopold Center is a research and education center with statewide programs to develop sustainable agricultural practices that are both profitable and conserve natural resources. It was established under the Groundwater Protection Act of 1987 with a three-fold mission: (1) to conduct research into the negative impacts of agricultural practices; (2) to assist in developing alternative practices; and (3) to work with ISU Extension to inform the public of Leopold Center findings. The Center is administered through the Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station at Iowa State University. In 2002, a vision statement was adopted: The Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture explores and cultivates alternatives that secure healthier people and landscapes in Iowa and the nation. Three focused research initiatives have replaced the more general competitive grants research program. Each of the three research programs — marketing and food systems, ecology and policy — will be responsible for its own projects and educational events. ORGANIZATION The Center has joint leadership from an interim director, Dr. Jerry DeWitt, and Dr. Frederick Kirschenmann, who became the Center's Distinguished Fellow in November 2005. Staff members include an ecological systems research program leader, a marketing and food systems research program leader, technical editor, communications specialist and a secretary. A 17-member advisory board, established in the 1987 legislation, advises the director on funding of research proposals, policies and procedures, budget development and program review. Members represent Iowa State University, University of Iowa, University of Northern Iowa, private colleges and universities, Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. In 1994, four ex-officio members active in farming and agribusiness communities were added to the board. They received full voting privileges in 1999. State fees on nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides provide an estimated $1,100,000 annually to support research, education, and administration of Center programs. A state appropriation of approximately $450,000 supports many of the Center’s competitive grants. RESEARCH PROGRAMS The Leopold Center has awarded more than 300 competitive grants totaling more than $10 million. Leopold Center competitive grants are available to researchers and educators at all Iowa colleges and universities, and to investigators at private, nonprofit agencies and foundations in the state. These awards often act as seed money to initiate work for which other larger sources of funding then become available. The Center’s mission includes an educational component of informing the agricultural community and the general public about its research findings. The Center collaborates with ISU Extension and other university, state, and local organizations to communicate research findings. It also supports conferences, seminars, and special events related to the three research initiatives. LEOPOLD CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY, 209 CURTISS HALL, AMES, IOWA 50011-1050 WEBSITE: www.leopold.iastate.edu E-MAIL: [email protected] (515) 294-3711 Iowa State University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, sex, marital status, disability, or status as a U.S. Vietnam Era Veteran. Any persons having inquiries concerning this may contact the Director of Affirmative Action, 318 Beardshear Hall, (515) 294-7612. November 2005 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-36 SKUNK RIVER NAVY Jim Colbert Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biol-Las 113 Bessey Hall Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020 Phone: (515) 294-9330 [email protected] http://www.biology.iastate.edu/SRN/SRN.html The “Skunk River Navy” (SRN) was formed as a community service activity for a freshman learning community at Iowa State University. The learning community is designed for students interested in biology and is called “BEST” (Biology Education Success Teams). The SRN activity was initiated by Jim (“Admiral”) Colbert, who is an Associate Professor in the Department of Botany and an instructor in introductory biology courses at ISU. Other people who have helped develop the SRN include: Steve Lekwa, Jerry Keyes, and Carol Williams from Story County Conservation, Dr. John Obrycki (ISU Department of Entomology), Kelly Arbuckle (Iowa Department of Transportation), Audra McBride (ISU Outdoor Recreation Services), Whitney Buchman (the webguy), and Dr. Warren Dolphin, Jim Holtz, and Jennifer Owens of the ISU Biology Program. We also thank Wal-Mart for their generous environmental grant. The goals of the SRN are the following: * Improve the aesthetic quality of the Skunk River in Story County by removal of trash from the river corridor. * Monitor populations of native fresh water mussels as these organisms are thought to be endangered and good indicators of water quality. In addition, the river will be monitored for the presence of the invasive zebra mussel. * Perform IOWATER water quality assessments, including monitoring populations of benthic macroinvertebrates. * Investigate low-input methods of stabilizing stream banks to reduce siltation of the river. * Provide Iowa State students who are interested in biology with the opportunity to learn about the biology of Iowa in a context that also allows the students to make a positive contribution to their local community. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-37 Rick Cruse, Director 1240 NSRIC, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Phone: (515) 294-1880; Fax: (515) 294-9573 http://www.water.iastate.edu/ [email protected] Vision To be the recognized leader in research, education, and information transfer programs on issues related to Iowa’s water resources. Mission The mission of ISWRRI is to: • Develop statewide interinstitutional linkages in bringing together interdisciplinary research teams between faculty and staff from universities and private and public sectors on water quality and quantity research. • Promote research, information transfer, and graduate and undergraduate education on water resources and water quality issues in Iowa. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-38 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Richard T. Engstrom P.E. Water Management Center Clock Tower Building Rock Island, IL 61204 Phone: (309) 794-5408; Fax: (309) 794-5584 [email protected] http://www.RiverGages.com Primarily a civil works district administering federal water resource development programs in large portions of Iowa. Maintain the capability to support the military construction program when necessary. Missions • navigation • environmental preservation • flood control • regulatory functions • recreation • federal real estate management • mobilization for both federal disaster response and national defense and emergency operations At the Rock Island District we pledge to: • Provide our services in times of emergencies. • Plan, design, and construct water resource and infrastructure projects. • Manage and conserve natural resources consistent with ecosystem management principles while providing quality outdoor recreation experiences. • Operate and maintain lands and facilities under our jurisdiction. • Implement regulatory authorities that protect our Nation’s resources. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-39 Elaine Andrews Environmental Resources Center UW-Madison College of Agricultural & Life Sciences Room 210 Hiram Smith Hall 1545 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706-1289 Phone: 608-262-0020 Email: [email protected] Project Background The Water Outreach Education - Facilitating Access to Resources and Best Practices (BEP) Project is a collaborative effort of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) and other public and private clean and safe water partners to: · · · Identify Best Education Practices (BEPs). Promote the use of BEPs for water-management education. Improve access to education resources and strategies. The project is conducted by staff of the University of Wisconsin, Environmental Resources Center (ERC), under the guidance of a project advisory team of natural resource management, outreach, and education professionals from across the country. Project funds were provided by the USDA/CSREES National Program Office for Water Quality. Project Description The Water Outreach Education project works in collaboration with the federal agency clean and safe water partnership and other networks to develop and promote best education practices (BEPs) for water education and to improve access to education resources and strategies. Our goal is to increase public understanding and involvement in community decision-making about water issues through improved education practices and improved access to education resources. Project activities reflect advice provided by federal agency clean and safe water partners and a national network of water education organizations created and supported by the work of several national organizations over the last decade. Project Activities To help natural resource professionals choose appropriate educational techniques and resources, familiar sources must provide access. But, sources must also provide evidence that education is valued. BEP Project activities involve: 1) Building the Case for Value · Best Education Practices: Study of Provider Needs · Model Education Techniques · Synthesis of Significant Research: The BEP Decision Tree · Literature Search for Audience-Specific BEPs 2) Organizing a System for Access: BEP Pilot Web Site Development. · Knowledge Management Theory and Application · BEP Pilot Web Site Content and Design · Symposium, June 2-4, 2004 - Best Education Practices for Water Outreach Professionals Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-40 210 Walnut Street, Room 693 Des Moines, IA 50309-2180 Phone: (515) 284-4769; Fax: (515) 284-4394 http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov Mission/Goals:The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) works through county soil and water conservation districts to protect and improve natural resources across the state. Major Programs: • Conservation Technical Assistance—NRCS staff provide technical assistance to landowners, farmers, communities, groups and other agencies to help them protect and conserve the states natural resources including soil, water and wildlife habitat. Iowa NRCS employs many specialists—from soil scientists to wildlife biologists—to ensure the state’s landowners have access to reliable and proven technical information. Technical assistance includes natural resource inventories and assessments, and assistance in developing and implementing conservation plans for private lands. • Conservation Compliance • CORE 4—Core 4 is a common-sense approach that targets improvements to farm profitability while addressing environmental concerns • Wetlands—The NRCS administers the Wetland Reserve Program aimed at returning wetland areas that have been cropped to wetland conditions • Water Quality • Resource Conservation and Development—Iowa NRCS has 14 RC&D areas. Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) projects are helping communities across the state improve their economic base through training, pilot programs, seed money, and guidance. NRCS funds one or two staff in an RC&D office, and the RC&D council, made up of local representatives • Soil Surveys • Watershed Program Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-41 United States Department of Agriculture www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/rcd USDA Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) Policy Advisory Board Mission Statement Mission Statement The mission of the USDA RC&D Policy Advisory Board (PAB) shall be to provide policy advice for the NRCS Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) Program, and to effectively and appropriately integrate the RC&D Program into all relevant USDA community development activities. In carrying out this mission, the PAB will: • Help ensure that policies are responsive to the needs of local RC&D Councils and USDA field personnel, and in so doing, meet local community development needs • Seek to assure that all relevant USDA Agencies, consistent with their missions and authorities, can help the program add as much value as possible at the local level • Facilitate the interaction among RC&D Councils and Associations, USDA Agencies, and the Secretary • Stimulate interest among USDA Agencies • Support appropriate actions that coordinate and integrate programmatic activities, where appropriate • Provide advice and guidance to the Chief of NRCS as the final decision-maker for the RC&D Program and as the official delegated responsibility for the program by the Secretary Guiding Principles The Policy Advisory Board will be guided by the following principles: • Many of the issues and opportunities faced by the RC&D Program involve both urban and rural communities and the interfaces between communities and rural lands. • It is important to support efforts to achieve sustainable communities, forging productive linkages between environmental interests and development interests. • Our work must be based on the four guiding principles of empowerment: economic opportunity; sustainable community development; community-based partnerships; and a strategic vision for change. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-42 • Our work must support creative and sustainable solutions to the environmental, social and economic issues facing RC & D Councils. • Our work must support comprehensive community development efforts of RC&D Councils. • Our work must encourage appropriate linkages between RC&D Council strategic plans and other natural resource and economic development goals for the State that were established through public processes. • Our work must place real emphasis on using public/private partnerships. • Our work must encourage full local citizen awareness and participation in each RC&D Council. • Our work will help ensure that the RC&D Program will serve all segments of the population in support of environmental justice. USDA RC&D Working Group Role and functions: • Prepares reports and proposals for the Policy Advisory Board, either at the Board’s request or the Working Group’s own initiative. • Works closely with state, regional, and national associations of RC&D Councils and other allied groups to address identified needs and concerns. • Conveys needs and concerns of the councils to the Policy Advisory Board. • Assists NRCS in the analysis and consideration of program implementation issues and details, at their request. • Provides staff support for the RC&D Policy Advisory Board, as appropriate. Assists in integration of relevant USDA programmatic activities (for example, Biomass or Alternative Energy, Sustainable Development Council, others). Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-43 http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov/partnerships/rcandd.html Iowa Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) councils across Iowa are working to create jobs, protect the environment and improve the quality of life in rural communities. They have a great track record of accomplishments, but the challenges are still great. This is particularly true in rural counties that are still experiencing declines in population and economies impacted by low agricultural commodity prices. • Map of Iowa RC&D areas and a staff listing • RC&D Fact Sheets The following is a sample of the work that RC&Ds are doing, along with some of the unmet needs that still remain in rural communities across the state. Local Food Products to Local Market Brokerage System -This system would facilitate the process with several large consumers (hospitals, convention centers, hotels, colleges or food service companies) each year. This would need to be a two to three year pilot program. After that, there should be enough markets established to use as models in the Sioux City Region of Iowa, South Dakota and Nebraska to show the way for others. Project cost of $125,000 to $150,000 for the three-year program. Establish many direct marketing systems from rural areas to the urban ones. Rural Entrepreneurs, include many people who are working to develop a new business while already working full-time on the farm or off-farm. Many of these people receive business development assistance from RC&Ds across Iowa. Projects currently receiving RC&D assistance include an aquaculture and fish processing venture in west central Iowa. They also include work to re-establish the wine grape industry in eastern, southern and western Iowa and a variety of business start-ups statewide. These and many other ventures are focused at helping rural communities maintain a viable business and employment base. Rural Water and other utilities continue to be a focus of RC&D work in southern and eastern Iowa. Sewage treatment is a particular challenge in Iowa’s smallest communities, as conventional technologies are becoming too costly for these communities to maintain. Pathfinders RC&D is helping to develop the Rural Utilities Service System (RUSS) to help fill this gap. $50,000 is needed in the next year to accelerate the development of the RUSS program. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-44 Watershed Project Development – RC&D councils are currently working with local leaders to develop watershed protection and development projects in the Raccoon River, Maquoketa River, Lake Rathbun, Wapsipinicon River, Upper Iowa River, Fox River, Gooseberry Creek, and Whitebreast Creek and other watersheds. RC&D assistance is needed to help local leaders in these and other watersheds organize, coordinate technical assistance, develop funding packages, and plan for long-term project installation and maintenance. Assistance costs for these projects will range from $10,000-300,000. There are currently projects active in all five congressional districts in Iowa. Rural Tourism Development – Tourism based on unique aesthetic, cultural and historic resources is an important opportunity for many Iowa communities. Strengthened RC&D assistance to local rural tourism development work will benefit communities across Iowa. Communities along the Missouri River in Congressional Districts 4 and 5 have a particular need to make us of the unique opportunity presented by the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial in 2003. Communities along the Mississippi River have also been approached about providing assistance to local scenic byway systems along the river. Computer Recycling – These projects recycle computers to go to low income families or other organizations. They work by salvaging 486 speed or higher computers, fixing them up and redistributing them to needy students that can not afford one for general word processing. Other programs in urban areas have recycled thousands per year and can’t keep up. Project cost of $80,000 to $100,000 per year would easily provide assistance to potentially thousands of kids and keep toxic battery/electrical components out of the landfills. These projects also provide the opportunity to employ/teach hundreds of people on computer repair through a hands-on teaching experience to get most computers repaired with volunteer labor. There is an active project in the Iowa Great Lakes area, with another being explored in the Sioux City area. Dry Hydrants, non-pressurized fire hydrants that make raw water from ponds, lakes and streams available for rural fire fighting, are being installed across the state with technical and administrative assistance from RC&Ds. These dry hydrants have already helped save rural buildings from fire, and are lowering fire insurance premiums in some areas. While significant progress has been made, many areas of the state still have not accessed this simple yet effective technology. Continued work will benefit rural residents statewide. Urban Wood Recycling projects convert waste wood to lumber and firewood, and decrease material going to the landfills. Projects are either underway or are being considered in the Des Moines area, north central Iowa, and the Sioux City area. Each project offers the opportunity to create employment and reduce the volume of wood waste going into landfills. Each regional project will require $500,000 to $750,000 to cover start-up costs. Construction Material Recycling. Reduce construction waste going to landfill by an estimated 50%-65%. A small crew could go in ahead of the remodeling contractor and salvage usable items that are typically thrown Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-45 away that would save remodeling contractor demolition time. These items could be warehoused and sold on the secondary market at very reduced prices to people that are doing projects that do not demand high quality, unblemished materials. Items such as ceiling tiles and lights, framing materials doors, office equipment, electrical and plumbing components, leftover inventory and ductwork are usually disposed of in dumpsters headed for the landfill. Program costs would be about $180,000 to $200,000 the first year, eventually employing 5-10 people. Could be self sustaining soon and affect primarily the tri-state area near Sioux City. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-46 Iowa RC&D Areas and Contact Information http://www.ia.nrcs.usda.gov/partnerships/rcanddlist.html Iowa RC&Ds RC&D Contact Information Area Staff Counties M&M Divide RC&D Office Area 1 Rick Tafoya Sac, Crawford, (Coordinator) Carroll, Greene, 1917 N. Hwy 71, Suite 3 Carroll, IA 51401 Fact Sheet (1.2 MB) Audubon, Guthrie Phone: (712) 792-4415 Carolyn Christian FAX: (712) 792-4239 (Office Assistant) Email: [email protected] Iowa Lakes RC&D Office 14 West 21st Street, Suite 1 Area 1 Jeff Kestel Dickinson, Emmet, (Coordinator) Clay, Palo Alto, Post Office Box 265 (1.1 MB) Buena Vista Spencer, Iowa 51301 Bonnie Wichman Phone: (712) 262-2083 (Office Assistant) FAX: (712) 262-2690 Email: [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-47 RC&D Contact Information Area Staff Counties Sioux Rivers RC&D Office Area 1 Darrell Geib Plymouth, Cherokee, Woodbury, (Coordinator) Ida, Monona Linda Appelgate Dallas, Polk, (Coordinator) Jasper, Madison, 206 First Street Fact Sheet (1.3 MB) P.O. Box 874 Sergeant Bluff, IA 51054-0874 Phone: (712) 943-7882 FAX: (712) 943-7884 Email: [email protected] Iowa Heartland RC&D Office Area 2 1513 North Ankeny Blvd., Suite 4 Ankeny, IA 50021 Warren, Marion Phone: (515) 963-8654 Teresa Breuer FAX: (515) 963-0910 Lauterbach Email: [email protected] (Office Assistant) Prairie Rivers of Iowa RC&D Office (1.3 MB) Area 2 510 South 11th Street Jim Cooper Webster, Hardin, (Coordinator) Hamilton, Boone, (1.3 MB) Story, Marshall Post Office Box 572 Nevada, IA 50201 Phone: (515) 382-1512 FAX: (515) 382-5708 Email: [email protected] Prairie Winds RC&D Office Area 2 255 Highway 69, Suite 2 Mark Schutt Worth, Winnebago, (Coordinator) Hancock, Wright, (1.3 MB) Cerro Gordo, Franklin Garner, IA 50438-1120 Phone: (641) 923-3606 FAX: (641) 923-3627 Email: [email protected] Prairie Partners RC&D Office 1301 -6th Avenue North, Suite 2 Area 2 Bob Moser Kossuth, Humboldt, Pocahontas, (Coordinator) Calhoun (2.6 MB) Humboldt, IA 50548-1150 Phone: (515) 332-3337 FAX: (515) 332-3961 Email: [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-48 RC&D Contact Information Area Staff Counties Cedar Valley RC&D Office Area Kurt Hoeft Mitchell, Floyd, 619 Beck Street 3 (Coordinator) Chickasaw, Butler, Fact Sheet (2.6 MB) Bremer, Grundy, Black Hawk Charles City, IA 50616-3722 Phone: (641) 257-1912 Kim Klinkel (Mon- FAX: (641) 228-7378 Wed-Fri) Email: [email protected] (Secretary) Limestone Bluffs RC&D Office Area Warren Johnson Delaware, Jones, 1000 East Platt Street, Suite 4 3 (Coordinator) Jackson, Cedar, (1.4 MB) Clinton, Dubuque Maquoketa, Iowa 52060-2530 Phone: (563) 652-5104 Linda Swanson FAX: (563) 652-5229 (Office Assistant) Email: [email protected] Northeast Iowa RC&D Office Area Lora Friest Howard, Clayton, 101 East Greene Street 3 (Coordinator) Winneshiek, (1.4 MB) Allamakee, Fayette, Buchanan Post Office Box 916 Postville, Iowa 52162-0916 Teresa Steffens Phone: (563) 864-7112 (Office Assistant) FAX: (563) 864-7113 Email: [email protected] Southern Iowa RC&D Area Dennis Hilger Adair, Adams, Union, 500 East Taylor 4 (Coordinator) Clarke, Taylor, (1.7 MB) Ringgold, Decatur Creston, Iowa 50801-4056 Phone: (641) 782-7058 Judy Weese FAX: (641) 782-6483 (Office Assistant) Email: [email protected] Golden Hills RC&D Office Area Shirley Harrison, Cass, 712 South Highway 6 and 59 4 Frederiksen Shelby, Mills, (Coordinator) Page, Fremont, Montgomery, Post Office Box 189 (1.7 MB) Pottawattamie Oakland, Iowa 51560 Phone: (712) 482-3029 Gloria Lyman FAX: (712) 482-5590 (Office Assistant) Email: [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-49 RC&D Contact Information Area Staff Counties Chariton Valley RC&D Office Area 5 Dora Guffey Lucas, Monroe, (Coordinator) Wayne, Appanoose Detra Dettmann Mahaska, Keokuk, (Coordinator) Davis, Wapello, 19229 Highway 5 Fact Sheet (1.3 MB) Centerville, Iowa 52544-8922 Phone: (641) 437-4376 FAX: (641) 437-4638 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Pathfinders RC&D Office Area 5 1805 West Jefferson (1.3 MB) Jefferson, Van Buren Fairfield, Iowa 52556-4235 Phone: (641) 472-6177 Kelly Lewiston FAX: (641) 472-6211 (Office Assistant) Email: [email protected] Iowa Valley RC&D Office Area 5 300 West Welsh Street Christine Taliga Tama, Benton, (Coordinator) Poweshiek, Iowa, Johnson, Linn (1.1 MB) Post Office Box 87 Williamsburg, Iowa 52361 Jean Koenighain Phone: (319) 668-8110 (Office Assistant) FAX: (319) 668-8202 Email: [email protected] Geode RC&D Office 308 N. Third Street Area 5 Christa Perkins Louisa, Henry, (Coordinator) Lee, Des Moines, Washington (1.1 MB) Burlington, Iowa 52601-2060 Phone: (319) 752-6395 Rita Marshall FAX: (319) 752-0106 (Office Assistant) Email: [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-50 RC&D Contact Information Area Staff Counties Interstate RC&D Office Mark Jackson Scott, Muscatine 3020 East 1st Avenue (Coordinator) in Iowa; Fact Sheet (104 k) and Henry, Airport Road Milan, Illinois 61264 Jessica Engstrom Rock Island, Mercer Phone: (309) 764-1486 (Office Assistant) in Illinois Scott Osborn Lyon, Osceola, Sioux, O'Brien FAX: (309) 764-1830 Cell: (309) 368-6813 Email: [email protected] Northwest Prairies RC&D Office (NOT YET APPROVED) Area 1 (104 k) (Lead DC) 315 South Rerick Post Office Box 543 Primghar, Iowa 51245-0543 Phone: (712) 757-3835 FAX: (712) 757-8500 Email: [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-51 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rock Island Ecological Services Field Office Richard C. Nelson, Field Supervisor 4469 48th Avenue Court, Rock Island, IL 61201 Phone: (309) 793-5800; Fax: (309) 793-5804 http://midwest.fws.gov/RockIsland/ [email protected] [email protected] Station Facts • Established in 1972 • The only Field Office in Region 3 that covers two states • 24 Threatened or Endangered Species Station Goals • Preserve, protect, enhance and restore terrestrial and aquatic habitats for Service trust resources • Promote environmental education in the States of Iowa and Illinois Services Provided To • Private citizens • Federal, state and local agencies Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-52 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 901 N. 5th St., Kansas City, KS 66101 Phone: Toll free (800) 223-0425 or (913) 551-7003 http://www.epa.gov/region07/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters Ariel Rios Building, 1200 Pennsylvannia Avenue NW Washington, DC 20460 Phone: (202) 272-0167 The mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is to protect human health and to safeguard the natural environment—air, water, and land—upon which life depends. EPA’s purpose is to ensure that: • All Americans are protected from significant risks to human health and the environment where they live, learn and work. • National efforts to reduce environmental risk are based on the best available scientific information. • Federal laws protecting human health and the environment are enforced fairly and effectively. • Environmental protection is an integral consideration in U.S. policies concerning natural resources, human health, economic growth, energy, transportation, agriculture, industry, and international trade, and these factors are similarly considered in establishing environmental policy. • All parts of society—communities, individuals, business, state and local governments, tribal governments—have access to accurate information sufficient to effectively participate in managing human health and environmental risks. • Environmental protection contributes to making our communities and ecosystems diverse, sustainable and economically productive. • The United States plays a leadership role in working with other nations to protect the global environment. What We Do EPA provides leadership in the nation’s environmental science, research, education and assessment efforts. EPA works closely with other federal agencies, state and local governments, and Indian tribes to develop and enforce regulations under existing environmental laws. EPA is responsible for researching and setting national standards for a variety of environmental programs and delegates to states and tribes responsibility for issuing permits, and monitoring and enforcing compliance. Where national standards are not met, EPA can issue sanctions and take other steps to assist the states and tribes in reaching the desired levels of environmental quality. The Agency also works with industries and all levels of government in a wide variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-53 Watershed Academy U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds (4503T) 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC 20460 Phone: 202-566-1155 http://www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/wacademy The Watershed Academy is a focal point in EPA’s Office of Water for providing training and information on implementing watershed approaches. • Watershed Academy Web offers more than 50 free, self-paced training modules • Watershed Management Training Certificate awarded to those that complete 15 required modules and self-tests • Webcast Seminars sponsored monthly - See schedule for upcoming seminars and listen to audio version of past seminars • Live watershed-related training courses • Information Transfer Series which includes key watershed documents Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-54 Voluntary and Not-for-Profit Organizations Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-55 1711 Osceola Avenue, Suite 251 Chariton, IA 50049-0801 Phone: (641) 774-4461; Fax: (641) 774-5319 http://www.cdiowa.org Deb Ryun, Executive Director [email protected] Mission/Goals: To provide leadership and education through local districts to promote conservation of natural resources. Programs: Conservation Districts of Iowa (CDI) is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization devoted to providing educational programs on the conservation of soil, water, and other natural resources. CDI was founded in 1947 to provide a unified voice for the individual county-based soil and water conservation districts. Since that time, CDI has been working with the 100 soil and water conservation districts in Iowa to promote sustainable agricultural practices for the protection of soil and water resources. Today, work is also being done in urban settings, promoting conservation practices for homeowners, developers, and communities. While each soil and water conservation district maintains its own programs, CDI helps districts combine efforts to address regional, state, and national issues. For a listing of Soil and Water Conservation District offices in Iowa, see pp. 7-8. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-56 Ducks Unlimited Great Plains Region 2525 River Road, Bismarck, ND 58503-9011 Phone: (701) 355-3500; Fax: (701) 355-3575 Land Protection: (701) 355-3500; Administration: (701) 355-3511 Biology: (701) 355-3533; Engineering: (701)355-3556 http://www.prairie.ducks.org http://www.ducks.org/ [email protected] Mission/Goals: To fulfill the annual life cycle needs of North American waterfowl by protecting, enhancing, restoring, and managing important wetlands and associated uplands. Rogert L. Pederson, Ph.D. Manager, Conservation programs Ducks Unlimited, INC 18654 Esquire Way Farmington, MN 55024 Phone: (651) 460-2240 Fax: (651) 460-2240 [email protected] See the following pages for a list of Iowa chapters. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-57 Adel, Kevin Henter 515-987-4989 Cherokee, Ed Otto 712-225-5968 Algona, Brian Duroe 515-295-3106 Clarkville Ladies, Billie Buss 319-267-2147 Ames-Cyclones, Steve Helland 515-685-2842 Clear Lake, Julie Steinberg 641-228-1057 Ames-ISU, Jim Dinsmore 515-292-3152 Clinton, PJ Ledehoff 815-589-2436 Ankeny, Bob Jones 515-685-3249 Corning, Scott Akin 515-322-4713 Atlantic, Dave Frederiksen 712-243-6322 Council Bluffs, Rhonda Kirke 800-452-1523 Bellevue Area, Chris Roling 319-872-5645 Council Bluffs, Gene Dollen 712-488-2033 Belmond, Howard Dorman 515-444-4006 Council Bluffs-Loess Hills, Todd Dinges 712-322-6344 Bettendorf-Buffalo Bill, Shannon Musal 319-359-7020 Council Bluffs-Sponsor, Gene Dollen 712-488-2033 Boone, Dave Phipps 515-275-4236 Creston, Dave Riley 515-782-6832 Burlington-Blackhawk Wild Wings, Paula Moser 319-754-0060 Burlington-Burlington Area, Dave Vanden Boom [email protected] Davenport, Eric James 319Decorah, Phil & Sarah Nowack 563-534-7662 Denver, Mark Widdel 319-279-3535 Camanche, Geraldine Weber 319-259-8695 Carlisle, Brian Keeney 515-989-3098 Des Moines-Arrowhead, Rusty Russell 515-280-8436 Carroll, Leslie Hershberger 712-792-3675 Des Moines-Mid Iowa, John Werner 515-279-0940 Cedar Falls, Chris Harshbarger 800-373-3062 Des Moines-Mystic Mallards, Kim Hawn 515-457-8223 Cedar Rapids, Kathy Rickertsen 319-390-4430 Dubuque, Jim McDonald 319-583-8966 Cedar Rapids-Eastern Iowa, George Durin 319-366-8312 Cedar Rapids-Pin Oaks, Mark Johnson 319-365-6049 Dyersville, Jim Singsank 319-875-2141 Eagle Grove, Kerry Amonson 515-448-4228 El Kader, Tom Paulin 319-245-2764 Center Point-Blue Creek, Lloyd Hilleshiem 319-851-5701 Centerville-Chariton Valley, Ed Shirley 515-437-4906 Chariton, Kim Francisco 515-766-6749 Cedar Valley Blue Wings, Carman White 641-228-2835 Charles City, Steve Knowllton 641-228-1057 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Emmetsburg, Joel Horsley 712-852-3287 Estherville, Bruce Ring 712-362-5425 Evansdale Everly, Todd Meyer 712-834-2153 Fairfield-Cedar Creek, Linda Vorhies rlvorhies @kdsi.net Forest City, David Ludej 641-581-3103 Revised May 2006 7-58 Fort Dodge/Webster Co., Curly Brand 515-573-2554 Fort Madison-Old Fort, Richard Tebbs 319-372-5908 Manson, Brad Hanson 712-297-5716 Maquoketa-Mesquakie, Mark Hansen 319-652-5581 Marshalltown, Brian Sowers 515-752-9674 Garden Grove, Scott Roberts 515-784-6035 Mason City, Matt Armour 641-423-5739 Grimes, John Koester 515-986-0954 Missouri Valley, Dan Hoffman 712-642-3645 Grinnell-Central Iowa, Tom Kriegel 515-236-3260 Grundy Center, Sammy Muller 319-824-3538 Monticello-Anamosa, John Williams 319-465-5212 Guttenberg, Ed Dvorak 319-252-2181 Mount Ayr, Bill Armstrong 515-464-3411 Hamburg, Mike Michel 712-382-2793 Mt. Pleasant-Skunk River Valley, Bryan White 319-865-4621 Hampton, Kreg Menning 515-456-3752 Harlan, Bruce Pfannkuch 712-744-3662 Humboldt, Tom Fuller 515-332-4218 Ida Grove, Jayson Lansink 712-364-2546 Independence-Buchanan County, Robert Hearn 319-334-4936 Muscatine-Cinnamon Teal, Kathy Jones 319-264-3490 Muscatine-Great River Bend, Jeff Weikert 563-264-3910 Nevada, Dave Christy 515-382-4472 New Hampton, Brian Moore 515-394-3361 Indianola, Dave Nydegger 515-961-7567 Newton, Dan House 515-363-3215 Iowa City-Hawkeye Area, Dan Harbit 319- Okoboji, Karen Halber 712-332-9683 Iowa Falls, Keith Haydon 515-859-7801 Okoboji Ladies, Judy Luhrs 712-338-2781 Iowa Falls-Iowa Select, Jim Kutschat 515-648-4479 Onawa, Dave Richardson 712-423-3422 Osage, Brian Beaver 515-736-2424 Jefferson, Dr. Steve Karber 515-386-8216 Osceola, Marilyn Schneck 515-342-4188 Jesup-Jesup Area, Joseph Kopplin 319-827-1794 State Convention, Jon Kruse 712-732-2796 Keokuk Tri-State, Peggy Vigen 319-524-4133 Knoxville, Lowell Vande Norde 515-628-2021 Lake Mills, Lory Slattum 515-592-2772 Lake View, Don Herrig 712-657-2109 Le Mars, Ryan Snell 712-546-9674 Lime Springs, Russell Betsinger 507-346-7888 Manly, Mike Webb 515-696-5785 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Oskaloosa-Mahaska County, Ralph Roberts 641-673-8511 Ottumwa-Wapello County, Scott Jacobson 641-682-4516 Panora, Chad Paup 515-523-2356 Parkersburg, Dave Bonewitz 641-847-3109 Perry, Matt Leber 515-465-2661 Pocahontas, James Roetman 712-335-3501 Polk City, Joe Heintz 515-984-9221 Revised May 2006 7-59 Prairie City, Deb Petersen 515-994-3242 Red Oak, Randy Orme 712-623-2272 Rock Valley, Tom Anderson 712-439-2608 Sabula-Sabula Area, Don Thayer 319-687-2409 Shenandoah, Tim Asner 712-246-1745 Sibley, Jim Monier 712-754-3047 Washington-Iowa River Valley, Brent Kelly 319-653-2313 Waterloo, Jeff Palmer 319-233-0199 Waterloo Ladies, Anita Lange 319-266-4192 Waukon, Dan Otting 319-568-4460 Waverly, Chris Lubben 319-885-6201 Webster City, Troy Sego 515-368-1368 Sigourney-N&S English Kiowa, Sam Shephard 319- West Union, Dave Tamling 319-422-3287 Sioux Center, Bob Rietema 712-722-2479 Williamsburg-Iowa County, Joe Young 319-639-2090 Sioux City, Shawn Larison 712-239-0846 Spencer, Scott Merchant 712-262-8752 Spirit Lake, Brad Jones 712-336-1991 Spring Creek Widgeons, Jan Pacovsky 641-394-4534 Storm Lake, Ray Team 712-732-4703 Story City, Mark Crawford 515-964-1229 Sumner, Darrin Paulus 319-578-3398 Swea City, Philip Albers 515-272-4112 Tama Toledo-Otter Creek, Felix Castillo 641-484-8077 Thompson, Don Olson 515-584-2953 Tipton-Cedar County, Andy Mueller 319-732-3855 Tripoli-Sweet Marsh, Jim Beam http//www.geocities.com/sweetmarshducks/ 319-352-3705 Vinton-Benton County Flyway, Rich Miracle 319-472-4922 Wapello-Lake Odessa, Tom Yakle 319-523-2106 Wapello-Ruffled Wings, Traci McCleary 319-523-6307 Wapello-Southeast Iowa, Phil Hubbard 319-394-9541 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-60 Iowa Environmental Council 711 East Locust Street Des Moines, IA 50309 Phone: (515) 244-1194 Fax: (515) 244-7856 [email protected] http://www.iaenvironment.org Mission/Goals: The Iowa Environmental Council is an alliance of diverse organizations and individuals working with all Iowans to protect our natural environment. We seek a sustainable future through: shaping public policy, research and education, coalition-building, and advocacy. Major Programs: Livestock manure; water quality, human health, pesticides, ag drainage wells; nutrient management; volunteer water monitoring; professional water monitoring; impaired waters The Iowa Environmental Indicators report measures progress in Iowa on habitat preservation, soil conservation, solid waste, water quality, and energy. To obtain a copy, contact the Iowa Environmental Council. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-61 Iowa Farm Bureau Federation 5400 University Ave., West Des Moines, IA 50266 Phone: (515) 225-5400; Fax: (515) 225-5419 http://ifbf.org Mission/Goals: Farm Bureau is a voluntary organization dedicated to helping farm families prosper and improve their quality of life. Major Programs: Farm Bureau is an organization directed by its members. County officers and boards of directors are farm men and women elected by members. They provide leadership at the local level. This is further enhanced by participation of other farmer members on various committees. At the state level, leadership is provided by farm men and women elected by voting delegates as president, vice president, women’s committee chairmen, and district directors (nine). Policy for the organization is developed through grassroots opinion gathering process in which everyone can have input. Policy is finalized by county Farm Bureau voting delegates. IFBF Environmental Program Highlights Wetland Mitigation Banking: Wetland mitigation banking offers an attractive option for the farmer and the environment. In this program, a bank sponsor restores a large wetland complex and is responsible for coordinating with the regulatory agencies, acquiring land, developing the site, managing the wetland and assuring its success. The Iowa Farm Bureau Federation is sponsoring Iowa’s first agricultural wetland mitigation bank, working with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources as a partner and Stanley Consultants, and with significant technical assistance from the USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service. Farm*A*Syst/Home*A*Syst: The goal of Farm*A*Syst in Iowa is to reduce the risk of water pollution, particularly drinking water pollution, by providing a simple, totally confidential assessment for farms and acreages. Farm*A*Syst also alerts rural residents if their current practices violate Iowa law. The material is simple and easy to understand. The evaluation can be completed by the acreage owner in private, or with the help of local technical specialists. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-62 Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, continued Trees Forever Iowa Buffer Initiative: This five-year, $2 million initiative will establish 100 demonstration and project sites throughout the state of Iowa and showcase flexible approaches to establishing and maintaining streamside buffers. Nonpoint Source Pollution Information and Education County Grant Program: This program provides up to 5, $2,500 grants to local projects that seek out and support innovative, local, citizen-initiated projects that provide information and education materials and programs to persons about non-point source (NPS) pollution. These funds can be used for local water quality information projects, Total Maximum Daily Load education efforts, and promotion of Farm*A*Syst materials. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-63 Iowa Native Plant Society Thomas Rosburg Department of Biology Drake University 121 Olin Hall Des Moines, IA 50311 [email protected] http://www.public.iastate.edu/~herbarium/inps/inpshome.htm Purpose: The Iowa Native Plant Society is a forum where plant enthusiasts, gardeners and professional botanists may exchange ideas and information. The INPS sponsors field trips, workshops and restoration of natural areas. The goals are: • to promote conservation and ethical use of Iowa’s plants • to promote education about Iowa’s plants, their habitats and cultural habits, and the preservation of these plants and their environment • to appreciate and enjoy Iowa’s native flora. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-64 505 Fifth Ave., Suite 444 Des Moines, IA 50309-2321 Telephone: (515) 288-1846 Fax: (515) 288-0137 Email: [email protected] http://www.inhf.org/ Mission: The Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation builds partnerships and educates Iowans to protect, preserve and enhance Iowa’s natural resources for future generations. In other words, we protect Iowa’s land, water and wildlife “for those who follow.” Major Programs: Permanent land protection, trail and greenway establishment, promotion of improved land management. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-65 Iowa Prairie Network Region V Contact: Inger Lamb 9188 NW Polk City Drive Polk City, IA 50226 Telephone: (515) 963-7681 [email protected] http://www.iowaprairienetwork.org Mission/Goals: To learn about, teach about, enjoy and protect Iowa’s prairie heritage. Major Programs: Prairie walks, newsletter, web site, landowner assistance, prairie remnant and planting signs, prairie seed exchange, small grant program, links to other prairie related resources. Prairie management: The management of the prairie is critically important for the survival of the prairie ecosystem today. Vast landscape and ecological changes and cessation of natural processes have made it necessary for humans to apply, to the best of their knowledge, management practices that may have occurred naturally. Today, people are trying to preserve the prairie remnants through protection efforts and proper management. People are also trying to grow new prairies via prairie reconstructions. These two are very different things. A remnant is an ecosystem of plants, animals, insects, soil, fungi, and other living things that have formed a web of interdependence. A reconstruction is usually a planting of a small number of prairie plants that once existed in a prairie. While important, reconstructions are not the same as remnants because they most often do not contain the diverse biological components existing in true prairies. They may in time, with the proper management, develop those biological interactions, but initially they must be treated differently. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-66 Iowa Watersheds, Inc. P.O. Box 41518 Des Moines, IA 50311 Telephone: (515) 202-7772 Fax: (866) 869-2842 Email: [email protected] Mission and Structure Iowa Watersheds was formed in December 1995 by organized watershed groups concerned about the environment. These groups realized that economic, environmental, and social problems can best be solved by the people on the land. There are a number of agencies and associations already in place that provide a variety of educational, technical, and financial resources for watershed-related activities. Iowa Watersheds is an “information clearing house” for these existing resources. Our goal is to be able to connect you with the organization best suited to fill your immediate and long-term needs. Iowa Watersheds is a non-profit, non-partisan organization governed by a volunteer Executive Board elected by the membership. Operating expenses are paid with dues and contributions. The Volunteer Board is made up of representatives from Soil and Water District Commissioners, County Board of Supervisors, and “At-Large” members. Iowa Watersheds advocates that effective watershed management principles become imbedded in state and federal programs, policies, and legislation. We offer a strong, unified voice for watershed groups and support the exchange of specific information and assistance to those that can benefit most from it. With your moral and financial support, Iowa Watersheds can be a strong, viable organization that works with you at all life stages of your local watershed organization. We can’t do it without you. Would you like to be involved? If you have an interest in promoting watershed planning and implementation and have concerns about the resources in your community, we invite you to get involved. Your opinions, experience, and ideas are a valuable asset. Your influence counts only if you use it. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-67 QUESTIONS? How does what I do affect my watershed? How can a watershed project benefit me? How can I have a voice in what work is done in my watershed? We want to determine if work needs to be done in our watershed -- who do we call? We have a community-based group that cares about their landscape -- now what do we do? We’ve had an assessment, there’s work to be done, but where do we get the money? How do we form a Watershed Board? How can they be useful? I have technical questions -- who can I call? Several different agencies need to be involved -- who should we call first? Whether your questions are general, technical, organizational, or funding-related, Iowa Watersheds is a good place to start! Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-68 The Izaak Walton League of America Seth Davis, President, Iowa Division 517 N. 1st Street Marshalltown, IA 50158 Telephone: 641-351-9484 http://www.iwla.org Mission/Goals: To conserve, maintain, protect and restore the soil, forest, water and other natural resources of the United States and other lands; to promote means and opportunities for the education of the public with respect to such resources and their enjoyment and wholesome utilization. Major Programs: To accomplish its mission of conserving and properly managing the country’s soil, air, woods, waters and wildlife, the League has a number of national conservation programs. These include: • Legislative Affairs—Track conservation and environmental legislation; propose and support legislation and regulations that support our goals. • Save Our Streams—Begun in 1969, the Save Our Streams (SOS) Program emphasizes practical stream water quality monitoring techniques. In 1996, the League expanded the program to include the American Wetlands Campaign, which informs citizen activists about the importance of wetlands and how these areas can be protected and restored. • Sustainability Education—Activities include researching sustainability issues; identifying how these issues relate to environmental stewardship, social justice, economic security and civic democracy; developing educational materials; and building a constituency to take action on these issues. • Energy Efficiency • Upper Mississippi River—Efforts by the League to protect the river date back to 1924 with passage of the Upper Mississippi River Wild Life and Game Fish Refuge Act championed by the League. The IWLA and its members continue their efforts to ensure the Mississippi is not further compromised by proposals such as plans by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to expand commercial navigation on the river. The League and others fear that unless checked, such expansion could cause the river’s biological collapse. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-69 Izaak Walton League of America, continued • Agricultural Programs—Efforts by the League addressing soil erosion dates to 1937 when the League adopted a resolution calling for a national program to retire fields in mountainous areas from agricultural use. Today, League staff and members continue to be advocates for implementing farming practices that sustain both natural resources and people, in part through farm bill programs with high conservation and wildlife benefits. The League works to protect water quality by reducing non-point source runoff pollution, particularly from confined animal feeding operations. A Fish Kill Alert Network was established in 1999 to track fish kills from farm pollution. • Clean Air Campaigns • Outdoor Ethics Iowa Chapters Ames, Brenda Lee Smith, 3837 Brickman Ave., Ames, IA, 50010-3930; Tel: 515-233-1629; Email: [email protected]; URL: www.amesikes.org Anamosa, Adian Knuth, 103 N. Davis St., Anamosa, IA 52205; Tel: 319-462-2267 B F Carroll, Richard Boone, 209 E. Franklin St., Bloomfield, IA 52537; Tel: 641-664-1613 Email: [email protected] Boone Valley, Ken Tabor, 703 Laura Lane, Webster City, IA 50595-3032; Tel: 515-832-2624 Burlington, Donald Swink, 2319 Sunnyside Ave., Burlington, IA 52601-2537; Tel: 319-752-1540 Chicaqua, Don Kline, 909 S. 12th Ave., Washington, IA 52353; Tel: 319-653-5395 Clinton County, Alan Murphy, 1013 - 23rd Ave., Camanche, IA 52730-1437; Tel: 563-259-8956 Davenport, Mary Crafton, 21800 - 279th Ave., LeClaire, IA 52753; Tel: 563-289-5942 Des Moines, Michael D. Lucas, Sr., 209 SW Linden St., Ankeny, IA 50021-2417 URL: www.desmoinesikes.com Dickinson County, Linda Webber, 1020 28th St., Spirit Lake, IA 51360; Tel: 712-336-2202 Ding Darling, Gwen Ramsell, 4604 Beavercrest Dr., Des Moines, IA 50310; Tel: 515-277-0650 Dragoon Trail, Thomas M. Rodd, 1202 NW Greenwood St., Ankeny, IA 50021-1019; Tel: (515) 9648951; Email: [email protected]; URL: ankenyikes.home.mchsi.com Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-70 Dubuque, Mary Lou Zweibohmer, 282 Central Ave., Dubuque, IA 52001-1949; Tel: 563-582-9157 East Fork, Ben Strattan, 405 Country Club Rd., Algona, IA 50511; Tel: 515-295-5092 Emerson Hough, Dennis Stansbury, 227 Blair St., Kellogg, IA 50135; Tel: 641-526-8090 Emmet County, Clifford G. Roth, 308 N. 16th St., Estherville, IA 51334-1767; Tel: 712-362-2897 Floyd County, Vern Nieland, 910 Cedar St., Charles City, IA 50616-3526; Tel: 641-228-4166 Fort Dodge-Phil Fox, Joyce O’Connell, 2137 Richmill Road, Fort Dodge, IA 50501-8606; Tel: 515-955-3258; Email: [email protected]; URL: www.geocities.com/ike50501/home.html Green Bay, Shrri L. Hartson, 1715 48th St., Fort Madison, IA 52627; Tel: 319-372-1095 Email: [email protected] Grundy-Tama, Jerry Smith, 614 Broad St., Reinbeck, IA 50669-1316; Tel: 319-345-2828; Email: [email protected] Humboldt Ox Bow, Lois Aukland, 111 1st Ave. N, Humboldt, IA 50548-2503; Tel: 515-332-5242 Indian Creek, Ed Fulk, PO Box 502, Slater, IA 50244-0502; Tel: 515-231-3556 Iowa All State, Linda A. Shuff, 1200 Herold Ave., Des Moines, IA 50315-3857; Tel: 641-285-0571 Iowa County, Tim Glotfelty, 305 5th St., Victor, IA 52347; Tel: 319-647-3738; Email: [email protected] Iowa River, Larry Severson, 2721 - 140th St., Belmond, IA 50421; Tel: 641-444-4540 Jefferson County, John Dahl, 308 E. Fillmore Ave., Fairfield, IA 52556-3830; Tel: 641-472-5762 Johnson County, Loren Forbes, 7 Arbury Drvie, Iowa City, IA 52246-4901; Tel: 319-338-5385; Email: [email protected] Jonco Jills, Dorothy Russell, 3185 Dubuque St. N.E., Iowa City, IA 52240; Tel: 319-351-7037 Keokuk County, Randy Weber, 24471 - 210th St., Harper, IA 52231; Tel: 641-622-2623; URL: www-astro.physics.uiowa.edu/~rnw/ikes.html Linn County, Robert Godlove, 4511 Topaz Ave. NW, Cedar Rapids, IA 52405; Tel: 319-378-9857; Email: [email protected]; URL: www.izaak-walton.org Louisa County, Bill Ohde, 9269 S Ave., Columbus Junction, IA 52738-9359; Tel: 319-257-6747 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-71 Mahaska County, Glenn Knox, 2358 Kirby Ave., Oskaloosa, IA 52577-8708; Tel: 641-673-9669 URL: www.mahaskacountyikes.org Maquoketa Valley, Ken Bowman, 25451 81st St., Maquoketa, IA 52060-8868; Tel: 563-652-5406 Marshall County, Robert Backes, 1501 Brentwood Terrace, Marshalltown, IA 50158-3731; Tel: 641-752-1355 Muscatine, Robert Buster, 305 W. 7th St., Muscatine, IA 52761-3244; Tel: 319-263-5201 Oakdale, Rod Oberhelman, 3275 - 110th St., Renwick, IA 50577-8820; Tel: 515-824-3491 Ottumwa, Ann Van Dorin, 1205 E. Main St., Ottumwa, IA 52501-7571; Tel: 641-682-9902 Email: [email protected] Palisades, Steve Matter, 501 Leif Erickson Dr., Decorah, IA 52101-1040; Tel: 563-382-3774 Email: [email protected] Poweshiek County, Kenneth Tedrick, Sr., 4224 Porter Addition, Grinnell, IA 50112-8143; Tel: 641-236-7058 Red Cedar, Irene Lewis, 609 2nd Ave., Vinton, IA 52349-1722; Tel: 319-472-4429 Rice Lake, David Brue, 136 Indian Ave., Forest City, IA 50436-2321; Tel: 641-582-4139 Rock Creek Ikettes, Patricia Drew, 1412 W. 4th Street N, Newton, IA 50208; Tel: 515-791-7634 Sabula, Charles Lane, 43834 - 58th St., Preston, IA 52069-9543; Tel: 319-689-6225 Scenic Waters, Gary Mensinger, 30908 Bellevue Cascade Rd., Bellevue, IA 52031-9414; Tel: 563-872-3157; Email: [email protected] Sioux Ikettes, Cleone Anderson, 2105 Roosevelt St., Sioux City, IA 51109-1247; Tel: 712-233-1513 Three Rivers, Donald Freeman, 106 Maple Circle, Waverly, IA 50677; Tel: 319-352-2435 Email: [email protected]; URL: www.waverlyia.com/Community/Izaaks/izaak_walton.htm United Counties, Patricia Hampton, 411 West 2nd St., Storm Lake, IA 50588; Tel: 712-732-9272 Wapsi Valley, Leo Mullen, 508 5th St., De Witt, IA 52742; Tel: 563-659-8577 Wapsiketa, Phyllis Lerch, 9524 Highway 151, Anamosa, IA 52205; Tel: 319-482-7341 Warren County, Chevyn Howard, 8900 NE 25th St., Lot #115, Carlisle, IA 50047; Tel: 515-989-9056; Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-72 Waterloo, James McCarthy, 1229 Deloris Dr., Waterloo, IA 50701-3222; Tel: 319-234-3200 West Central, Michael Fritz, 408 Main St., Deloit, IA 51441-7542; Tel: 712-263-3740 Woodbury County, LeRoy Anderson, 2105 Roosevelt St., Sioux City, IA 51109-1247; Tel: 712-233-1513 Worth County, Donna Larson, P.O. Box 31, Kensett, IA 50448-0031; Tel: 641-845-2339 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-73 1783 Buerkle Circle St. Paul, MN 55110 Toll Free: 1-877-773-2070 Phone: (651) 773-2000; Fax: (651) 773-5500 http://pheasantsforever.org [email protected] Mission/Goals: Pheasants Forever is a non-profit conservation organization founded in 1982 in response to the decline of the ringneck pheasant population. Pheasants Forever is dedicated to the protection and enhancement of pheasant and other wildlife populations in North America through habitat improvement, land management, public awareness, and education. Major Programs: Protect, restore, and enhance wildlife habitat by establishing and maintaining local and regional projects. Develop, distribute and foster conservation education. Introduce and advance prudent conservation policy. Acquire and preserve critical habitat through public land acquisition open to public hunting. Iowa Pheasants Forever Staff: Tim VandeNoord Regional Biologist, Western Iowa 336 - 120th Street Churdan, IA 50050 515-389-3665 (Telephone and fax) 712-210-4790 (Cell) [email protected] Andrea Evelsizer Regional Biologist, Eastern Iowa 45 Hawthorne Place North Liberty, IA 52317 319-665-3841 (Telephone and fax) 319-325-4222 (Cell) [email protected] Dave VanWaus Regional Biologist, Central Iowa 72408 - 270th Street Colo, IA 50056 641-377-3480 (Telephone and fax) 515-231-2565 (Cell) [email protected] James Wooley Field Operations Director, Quail Forever 1205 Ilion Avenue Chariton, IA 50049 641-774-2238 (Telephone and fax) 641-203-1020 (Cell) [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-74 Matthew O’Connor Habitat Team Coordinator 2880 Thunder Road Hopkinton, IA 52237 563-926-2357 (Telephone and fax) 563-240-4075 (Cell) [email protected] Dave Reuter Habitat Specialist 23092 James Road Holy Cross, IA 52023 563-552-2354 (Telephone) 563-590-1908 (Cell) [email protected] Tony Haupert Habitat Specialist 319-325-2388 (Cell) [email protected] Casey Trine Habitat Specialist 24265 County Road G28 Conesville IA 52739 319-629-4389 (Telephone) 319-325-1676 (Cell) [email protected] Lincoln Utt Habitat Specialist 1045 - 100th Street Derby, IA 50068 641-897-3403 (Telephone) 515-975-0745 (Cell) [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-75 Soil and Water Conservation Society http://swcs.siteviz.com/index.cfm Iowa Chapter http://www.iaswcs.org/ Soil and Water Conservation Society 945 SW Ankeny Road Ankeny IA 50023 Phone: 515-289-2331 Fax: 515-289-1227 President: Jim Frederick [email protected] Iowa State University Student Chapter President: Tess Musil [email protected] Advisor: Richard Cruse [email protected] Advisor: Bradley Miller [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-76 The Nature Conservancy of Iowa 303 Locust St. Suite 402 Des Moines, IA 50309 Phone: (515) 244-5044 O F I O WA Fax: (515) 244-8890 E-mail: [email protected] http://nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/iowa/ Mission/Goals: To preserve the plants, animals and natural communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive. Why We’re Successful: • We work closely with communities, businesses and people like you. Together, we’ve protected more than 92 million acres of valuable lands and waters worldwide. • We practice sound science that achieves tangible results. • Our non-confrontational approach. • Over 86% of all funds are used directly for conservation! Did you know? • Total acres protected by the Conservancy in Iowa: 7,000 • Total acres protected by the Conservancy in the United States: 14,600,000 • Acres protected by the Conservancy outside the United States: 80,181,446 • Current number of Conservancy preserves: 1,400 • Conservancy members in 1952: 554 - Conservancy members in 2001: approximately 1 million Our major landscape scale sights consist of: • Loess Hills in western Iowa • Driftless Area in northeast Iowa • Lower Cedar Valley in southeastern Iowa • Little Sioux Valley in northwestern Iowa • Grand River Grasslands in southcentral Iowa Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-77 THE ADOPT-A-STREAM FOUNDATION at the Northwest Stream Center 600 - 128th Street SE Everett, WA 98208-6353 Phone: 425-316-8592 Fax: 425-338-1423 E-mail: [email protected] Teaching people to become stewards of their watersheds. Each year, in thousands of rivers and streams, the Pacific Northwest witnesses a remarkable natural phenomenon as millions of salmon return to their place of birth to spawn future generations. Each year, however, the migration of salmon to their natal streams is threatened. Damage or destruction of stream and wetland habitats, resulting from industrial pollution, urban development, poor agricultural practices, and over-fishing put salmon at risk. We cannot afford to lose these vital cultural, natural, and economic resources. The Adopt-A-Stream Program was created in 1981 to increase public sensitivity to awareness of the importance of the 3,000 miles of creeks, streams and rivers and the fish that inhabit them in Snohomish County, Washington and to restore to health those waterways damaged by people or nature. By 1985, the program’s success prompted the establishment of The Adopt-A-Stream Foundation (AASF), a non-profit 501(c)(3) environmental education and habitat restoration organization, to assist people in becoming actively involved in stream enhancement and environmental education. AASF offers people the tools to play a vital role in protecting and enhancing the watersheds in which they live. The Foundation helps to ensure that Pacific Northwest streams continue to provide healthy spawning and rearing habitat for wild salmon, steelhead and trout and, at the same time, serve our growing population by providing clean drinking water and places for rest and relaxation. MISSION Our mission is “To teach people to become stewards of their watersheds.” We achieve our mission through two focus areas: Environmental Education and Habitat Restoration. The long term goal of AASF is to ensure the protection and care of every stream by encouraging schools, community groups, sports clubs, civic organizations and individuals to adopt their streams, and to become Streamkeepers. “Adoption” of a stream means that volunteers will provide long-term care of the stream and establish stream monitoring, restoration, and community-wide environmental education activities. By supporting these efforts, The Adopt-A-Stream Foundation provides the building blocks for an improved environment and sustained healthy wild fish production. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-78 Trees Forever 770 7th Avenue, Marion, Iowa 52302 Toll Free: (800) 369-1269 Phone: (319) 373-0650 ; Fax: (319) 373-0528 [email protected] http://www.treesforever.org Mission/Goals: Trees Forever is an environmental nonprofit organization founded by two volunteers in 1989. It is committed to providing support to individuals and groups engaged in locally-led projects involving the planting of and caring for trees. National headquarters are located in Marion, Iowa. Major Programs: Trees Forever Buffer Partnerships show farmers and rural landowners how streamside buffers of trees, shrubs and grasses improve water quality and reduce soil erosion. Trees Forever partnerships establish demonstration and project sites throughout Iowa and Illinois that showcase flexible approaches to establishing and maintaining streamside buffers. In 2001, Trees Forever developed an indepth local watershed planning model called Visual Investments to Enhance Watersheds (VIEW). Trees Forever field coordinators facilitiate local groups through the VIEW watershed planning process which involves an independent landscape design consultant in the assessment and placement of targeted best management practices within the watershed. Buffer Solutions is a program established especially for livestock producers. When combined with other conservation practices, buffers help protect surface and ground water quality, improve airflow and air quality, and enhance the visual appearance of production facilities. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-79 756 16th Street, Des Moines IA 50314-1601 http://www.wallace.org/ The Wallace House The Wallace House is an Italianate Victorian style home built about 1884, one of the oldest properties in the Sherman Hill National Historic District, a residential area about ten blocks from downtown Des Moines. The house has a hybrid Mansard/hip roof, with a flat top and perimeter. There are stacked bay windows and double doors, with a second story balcony, on the south side. The front of the house has a Classical style wraparound porch with Ionic Roman columns. The original homestead - 1890 Henry and Nancy Wallace purchased the property in 1892, and around 1895 altered the third floor from attic space to a full story with the addition of a gambrel roof and dormer windows, adding two bedrooms. There is a complete set of photographs that show every room in the house around 1915-1920, probably taken by Josephine Wallace, a daughter and photographer, who lived in the house until 1923. The house was in the Wallace estate until 1940. The house provides office space for the Wallace House Foundation and the Sherman Hill Association. The first floor is used for exhibits and seminars, and is also available for meetings, special events, and group tours. There is about 1,500 square feet of space on the first floor, including front and middle parlors, library, dining room, kitchen, and bathroom. The house is wheelchair accessible, and there is ample parking available. Exhibits “Uncle Henry’s Des Moines: Photographs 1880 - 1920" A set of 75 copy prints of images of Des Moines from the archives of the State Historical Society. “Good Farming, Clear Thinking, and Right Living: The Wallace Era of Wallaces’ Farmer, 1895 - 1933" An exhibit of pages and excerpts from the paper when it was edited by Henry, Henry C., and Henry A. Wallace, and owned by the Wallace family. “A Multimedia Interactive Timeline of the Life of Henry A. Wallace” Computer based interactive exhibit which combines text, graphics, and audio to bring to life the remarkable life of Henry A. Wallace. For more information contact: Richard Graves, Executive Director [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-80 Water Environment Federation 601 Wythe Street Alexandria, VA 22314-1994 Phone: 800-666-0206 Fax: 703-684-2492 http://www.wef.org/home What We Do About WEF WEF’s vision to “preserve and enhance the global water environment” is the basis for all WEF programs and activities. WEF is governed by a member appointed Board of Trustees acting on behalf of its membership to advance its mission of providing information, education, and resources to water quality professionals and the public. WEF and its Members: • research and publish the latest information on wastewater treatment and water quality protection; • provide technical expertise and training on issues including non-point source pollution, hazardous waste, residuals management and groundwater; • sponsor conferences and other special events around the world; • review, testify, and comment on environmental regulations and legislation. WEF History WEF has guided technological development in water quality since 1928. Previously called the Federation of Sewage Works Associations (1928), the Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Associations (1950), and the Water Pollution Control Federation (1960); the name was changed to the Water Environment Federation in 1991 to reflect an expanded focus of non-point and point sources of pollution. WEF Member Associations WEF’s global network of Member Associations (MAs) provides water quality professionals around the world with education, training, and business opportunities. WEF Committees WEF provides opportunities for its members to participate in committees to develop consensus positions for WEF on key technical and public policy issues; write Manuals of Practice and other technical publications; and develop education and training programs. Public Education As leading source of water quality information, WEF develops programs and materials to help its members communicate with their target audiences about key water quality issues. Its goal is to increase an understanding of the direct role water and wastewater services has in the protection of public health, the economy, and the environment. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 7-81 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 8: Troubleshooting “It is not a single leader that moves the organization to success—it is the shared information distributed throughout the group and the community that can bring order to everything” (Wheatley 1999:101). Watershed group leaders and members must expect challenges and a little chaos to occur on a regular basis. Some crises will be small and easily resolved. Others will take purposive and consistent efforts to overcome. In this section, potential problems the group may encounter are identified and alternative solutions are offered. Some problems can be avoided or fixed by implementing good organization and community development practices. Some problems will happen despite best efforts to avoid them. Understanding the cause and source of the problem will help the group as they search for solutions. The first step in troubleshooting problems is to clearly identify the problem. Is it a conflict between one or two group members? Are confusion, information overload, and unfocused discussions preventing the group from doing anything meaningful? Has a project been undertaken that really does not support the mission and objectives of the group? Do elected officials or government agencies seem not to trust the group? Are rumors about the group circulating that are not true? Are fewer and fewer people showing up at regular meetings? Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities The troubleshooting tables in the next few pages are organized by different group development stages (pre-watershed group formation; group formation; and sustaining the group). Symptoms, problems, and possible causes are first identified. Then, alternative actions and pages in the manual that refer to that stage of group development are offered. The alternative actions column suggests only a few remedies. Discussions with several trusted members of the watershed group and/or outside advisors can lead to additional suggestions that better fit the exact nature of the group problem. Following the troubleshooting table is an Iowa State University bulletin: Purposeful Partnerships in the Community Interest. Page 4 of this section contains a diagnostic tool developed by the University of Wisconsin for evaluating group functioning. If you think the problem is the organization and practices of the group, make copies of this form and ask each member in your group to complete it. Summarize their responses, then use your findings to discuss with the group each item and what actions are needed. 8-1 Table 8.1. Pre-watershed Group Formation. Symptom Lack of attendance by watershed residents at community meetings Lack of participation during the community meeting Possible Causes Alternative Solutions Refer to Section / Page There is a process to letting people know in advance about an upcoming public meeting. Start about 4 weeks in advance. Target your audience. Send press releases to all newspapers and radio stations. Mail notices to those you want to attend. Put brochures in places where your target audience might go, such as banks, elevators, grocery stores, and city hall. Section 2 Section 4 Section 5 Inadequate recruitment Each resident should hear about the upcoming public meeting and participation opportunities 4-5 times – via personal letter, media coverage, and face-to-face invitations. Section 2 Issue is not perceived as being important by local residents Participation is almost entirely dependent upon the problem or issue’s importance. The issue may be important to a specific organization or government agency, but not the community. A solution is to revisit the issue, rank its importance, and then decide whether or not it is worth pursuing. If it is important, you need to find a way to convey that to the community. Section 2 Some projects have had success with activities that include a “pay-off” to residents, like free water testing of rural wells, combined with on-farm visits by person representing project or agency inviting their participation. Section 6 Agenda does not allow time for residents to voice their concerns. Formulating the agenda of the community meeting is critical to achieving good citizen participation. Are the presentations kept short, and to the point? Is the number of presenters kept to a minimum (nothing is worse than listening to a third speaker who is saying basically what the first and second speakers have said)? Section 4 Citizens aren’t convinced they will be listened to or can make a difference. Is there enough opportunity for the residents to speak? Small group discussions allow the quiet participants to speak and everyone to voice what they are thinking. It also is a learning opportunity as people listen to each other and their concerns. Section 3 Not enough public notice Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 2-6; 5-2, 5-3 2-6 2-2, 2-8–2-12 6-14–6-17 4-5, 4-6 3-2 8-2 Table 8.1. Pre-watershed Group Formation, continued. Symptom People don’t volunteer to form a watershed group Possible Causes Purpose of the group needs to be better articulated. Alternative Solutions Refer to Section / Page People usually are quick to volunteer for something if (1) they find the issue to be critically important, and (2) they believe that they can make a difference. The planning team needs to offer compelling reasons for others to get involved. If people haven’t volunteered for a long-term commitment to forming a watershed group, consider offering a study circle that will meet 3 or 4 times to discuss watershed issues. 2-2 Paid staff is perceived as being able to do “it all.” Citizens don’t perceive their input is needed or wanted. Staff needs to share responsibilities and decision-making with residents. If residents perceive that their participation will not make a difference, they will not volunteer. Agency staff can encourage citizens to work with them to learn about the watershed and help plan appropriate actions. Section 5 There may not be widespread public interest or concern. Re-emphasize community awareness education; highlight scientific problems connecting to local quality of life. 2-2 Section 5 Section 1 1-1 The community may not be ready to form a citizen group. Community organizing may need to wait for a crisis or increased interest. Lack of participation in watershed group formation in support of a specific water management project Bringing people in after a project is started; citizens don’t see their contribution as meaningful. Hold public meetings before a watershed group is established and before a project is delineated, and before proposals/ preproposals are written. Build ownership and get buy-in at front end. This will eliminate the need for "selling" to residents later. Section 2 Section 4 However, it is never too late to ask citizens to participate in an ongoing project. The project team will need to spend time helping citizens learn and understand projects in progress. Citizens will also need a meaningful role in the project. Community denies they have watershed problems Community does not understand their watershed and the symptoms that signal water problems Need to share information about the watershed more widely. Tours of the watershed and credible technical experts can be used to share knowledge and extend communication among community members. Public meetings, news articles, one-to-one conversations among neighbors and acquaintances will help identify current and potential issues. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 1-9 Section 6 6-14 8-3 Table 8.2. Watershed Group Formation. Possible Causes Lack of support and participation by citizens once the group has formed or a project is undertaken. Public participation in approved projects doesn’t have flexibility to incorporate citizen’s suggestions. Let residents have ample opportunity for input on projects before they are begun. Build their ownership and commitment to the project. Broad based participation not established from the start Be sure discussions about the mission and activities of the group are inclusive. If the group focuses on only one project or a single sector’s interest (e.g., ag practices or development policies) it will be much more difficult to broaden and include other community sectors. Find common concerns that affect several sectors and involve them in planning activities that address those issues. 5-1 Poor agenda Formulate the agenda so that it creates an efficient meeting. People value their time. Meetings must respect time people commit. Does the agenda allow the group to accomplish what they need to accomplish? Does the agenda allow group members to interact and offer suggestions? Does the agenda allow time for team building, such as coffee and cookies before or after a meeting? Are citizen group members participating in the construction of the agenda? Section 5 5-3 Poor facilitation The steering committee meets with the facilitator and sets ground rules for democratic participation. The facilitator may not be a good match with the group. Get another one. Section 3 Dominating individual or dominating clique Ask facilitator to set ground rules for broad-based participation and be responsible for enforcing mutual respect. Section 3 6-8 Too many “experts” Ask experts not to speak unless asked a question. Facilitator needs to moderate expert participation so citizens are not intimidated or view their contribution as meaningless. Section 3 Lack of participation in watershed group meetings Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Alternative Solutions Refer to Section / Page Symptom Section 5 Section 6 Project must meet needs of residents. Having residents participate in a project design increases likelihood that residents will be willing to participate and will adopt practices they identified to address needs they defined. 6-5 8-4 Table 8.2. Watershed Group Formation, continued. Symptom Possible Causes Alternative Solutions Group gets sidetracked on conversations that lead nowhere; meetings end without anything being accomplished Leader isn’t facilitating the meeting effectively. Set an agenda that supports the group’s mission and goals and stick to it. The group needs a facilitator/leader that is sanctioned by the group to cut off discussions that don’t pertain to the agenda. Members of the group need to agree to limit their comments to the work they plan to accomplish. A project fails. It does not solve the problem expected Refer to Section / Page Use Diagnostic Tool for Evaluation ofGroup Process, p. 3 of “Purposeful Partnerships” 8-11 Group’s mission and objectives aren’t clear. If the mission and objectives of the group aren’t clear, take time to clarify them so everyone knows where the group is going. It may be time to revisit the mission, objectives and activities, and change them to better reflect the group’s expectations. 5-1, 6-5 The group moves to action without adequate knowledge of the ecology of their watershed and how known practices can be applied. Ask a technical expert to be present on a regular basis to offer guidance and advice when the group needs information. Section 7 The group needs to continuously learn more about their watershed. Plan meetings where experts share their information (county sanitarian, district conservationist, naturalists, water resource specialists, fisheries and forestries scientists, water resource scientists). Plan activities that connect the group to the watershed: headwaters tour, river trash pickup days, farm tours, land use and development tours. Section 5 Section 6 6-14 Group has inadequate resources to solve the problem. Find partners who will collaborate on the project. Remind members that changes to the watershed may be long-term rather than short-run. Section 7 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 8-5 Table 8.3. Sustaining the Group. Symptom Group’s activities and projects don’t support mission and goals the group set out Conflicting or misinformation about the watershed Possible Causes Alternative Solutions Refer to Section / Page Technical advisors to the group offer good science of land use practices and measurements to track issues to gather the right information. They can help keep the group in balance. Section 7 The group needs to understand their watershed better, identify sound land and water solutions, and have data to support themselves. If data on the watershed are not available, make plans to gather it. Data can help the group conduct informed dialogues and set priorities. Section 7 Section 9 Pre-meeting discussions with influential leaders and watershed leadership can calm fears and identify points of conflict. The group may have to respectfully disagree with a dominant individual and make it clear that the group as a whole doesn’t support projects that don’t accomplish the mission. Section 6 The mission and goals may not match the group membership interests. The whole group should revisit the mission and goals they set out to determine if those are still the group’s intent. 5-1; 6-5 Poor communication Outside credible experts are needed to provide technical expertise and advice. The group needs to understand their watershed better, sound land and water solutions, and have data to support themselves. If data on the watershed are not available, make plans to gather it. Section 7 Be sure everyone in the group understands the mission and goals. Extend information the group is learning to the whole community. 5-1; 6-5 Group meetings are dominated by economic interests, well-intentioned government employees, or residents with a personal agenda that is not supported by the whole group Consider a regular newspaper column, radio show, and/or monthly newsletter. People don’t know what to do next; lack of clarity of group intent The group mission isn’t clear. Objectives need to be more specific to guide activities. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Refocus on the vision for the watershed and the relationship of the watershed group mission to the community vision. Examine the group processes used to accomplish the group intent. Are they inadequate? How should they be changed? This should be a group discussion. Use Diagnostic Tool for Evaluation of Group Process, p. 3 of “Purposeful Partnerships” 8-11; 6-5; 5-1, 5-16 8-6 Table 8.3. Sustaining the Group, continued. Symptom Interest and participation lags; people stop coming to meetings Refer to Section / Page Possible Causes Alternative Solutions Meetings’ agendas aren’t accomplished; meetings run too long and are unfocused; activities and decisions are made by a few rather than everyone. Organizational process needs to be strengthened. Use Diagnostic Tool for Evaluation of Group Process, p. 3 of “Purposeful Partnerships” Discuss with group how to respond to key problems. Section 3 Plan and execute greater variety of visible projects, events – examples might include tours of land and agriculture management practices. Get involved in activities like IOWATER and nature mapping. Find students who have interests in community service projects and team up with them on a watershed project. Section 7 6-14 People don’t feel the group is doing something meaningful. Cultivate on-going media coverage – at least monthly articles in local newspapers or better yet, a column. Partner with other groups and their activities, like Trees Forever, Ducks Unlimited, etc. Section 7 Build realistic expectations from the beginning of a project with clear and open communication and inclusive processes. Only one sector regularly attends; nonfarmers or town residents don’t participate Not included from the very beginning; discussions too narrowly focused Build their participation from the start – if possible. Include representation in formation and planning stages, community meeting, watershed group, and in planning maintenance activities. Create subcommittees with specific focus that would be relevant to farmers and nonfarmers (e.g., agriculture land use management) and have them develop recommendations for the larger group. Section 2 2-5; 5-10 5-13 Subcommittees and activities that are relevant to non-farmers might include demonstrations of practices in home and lawn care and disposal, septic systems, water monitoring, and nature mapping. Find activities and interests that are common to farm and non-farm sectors. Allow both perspectives to be voiced on a regular basis. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 6-14 8-7 Table 8.3. Sustaining the Group, continued. Symptom Farmers and rural landowners don’t participate Possible Causes Feeling threatened by downstream urban demands Meetings are always held in urban areas Alternative Solutions Create subcommittees of special interest such as urban development and agriculture practices. Ask them to report back to whole group. The group needs to find common mission and objectives between rural and urban residents. Engage in activities that encourage interaction and learning from each other. Refer to Section / Page 5-13 Watershed groups that span rural and urban interests should alternate meeting between urban and rural sites. Conflicts arise People don’t like each other’s opinions/ideas; lack of trust among members. There is a legitimate conflict in perspective. Rules of mutual respect need to be discussed and enforced in group discussions. 6-8 Address conflicts with solid fact-based information when possible. Use participatory data gathering processes – let residents be part of data gathering and discussion of interpretations. Section 6 6-2, 6-13 Facilitator or coordinator(s) seek strategies that allow conflicting parties to work together. Minority perspectives need to be acknowledged, and mutual respect given so they can continue to participate. Sometimes consensus is impossible. Elected officials afraid/unwilling to cooperate with the group Lack of trust; lack of information; prior activities didn’t go well; officials do not see political benefits but do see political risks. The watershed group needs to undertake an activity or two that builds their reputation with the community. Individual members need to use their personal relationships to talk with elected officials to clarify the mission and objectives of the group and defuse perceptions that the group is a threat to elected officials. Invite them to attend regular meetings and encourage them to dialogue with the group about their concerns. Nothing seems to be happening; the group’s efforts don’t seem to make a difference. Short-term expectations from actions that will take longer to show results Patience. Changes in the watershed will occur when people begin to see how their personal behaviors contribute to the whole system. 6-14 Chose a balance of activities that will have visible short-term results and long-run impact. Undertake coalitions that bridge the interests of different organizations so the group has more resources to attack the problem. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Section 7 6-10 8-8 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 9A: Ways of knowing: Strategies for acquiring local knowledge There are many opportunities for members of community watershed groups to become involved in gathering, interpreting, and using data. Standard secondary data on populations, industrial and agricultural uses, climate, soil classifications and land formations, social and economic conditions are available for building multi-layered knowledge of the watershed. Members can participate in water monitoring, land use, and habitat assessments. In addition, community watershed groups can assist in collecting data on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about the watershed as well as economic and social measurements that are not available in standard data sets. There are several ways that watershed groups can expand their knowledge: participatory research, collaboration with established researchers, and funding of research to answer specific questions. Most groups will use more than one strategy. Participatory research is a process whereby some of the group members learn appropriate techniques to gather data on questions the group has about particular aspects of the watershed. The group members formulate the questions, then seek to gather data that can answer those questions. Once data are collected, they work together to make sense of it. Findings often lead to other questions and additional Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities data collection. The group turns their data into information the watershed group can use in planning and collective actions. Members often feel they can “trust” their data because they know and understand the conditions under which it is gathered. Participatory research has the distinct attribute of involving residents in ways that build in-depth understanding and confidence to direct change for the watershed. But there are cautions. Care needs to be taken so that an adversarial relationship is not created with interest groups and perhaps also with those who are in technical and scientific roles. Watershed physics are complex and participant led research can be flawed and vulnerable to criticism if it is not done rigorously or if it does not use reliable methods. Once the group formulates research questions, they should seek advice on accepted methods for collecting different kinds of data. A second or “middle” ground approach is for watershed group members to learn to do certain technical and data gathering activities in collaboration with or under the guidance of credible and established researchers. Water monitoring and nature mapping training offer members standardized methods for increasing local knowledge (see pp. 7-20, 7-29). Thus, the group builds a local and regional database for themselves and others to use. 9-1 A third strategy is to identify the questions that need answering and then commission the research from a credible vender. If the group is well established, interest is high, and the research product is delivered in a timely fashion, then information from the contracted research will likely be used in meaningful ways. If the research questions are highly technical, then this may be an advisable approach. If the interest is less technical, or if the council is at a more exploratory stage, then the other approaches may be quite viable and less costly. Participatory research may be easier to implement for understanding human context issues than hydrologic processes. Applying usable and reliable information must be one cornerstone of citizen led watershed planning. Although essential, information for making decisions is not limited to hydrological and geophysical characteristics and trends of the watershed. Also important are knowing and understanding the social, cultural, economic, and political dynamics of residents and other stakeholders. Fortunately, indicators for certain of these characteristics may already be available and readily assembled. Other data, however, will likely need to be generated from residents and stakeholders themselves. In this section we discuss several alternative ways of knowing. Knowledge is built through listening and learning about what is happening in the watershed. In the context of physical and biological change, this may require sophisticated equipment for measuring baseline conditions and tracking Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities changes. In the social context, much can be learned by “listening” to residents themselves. Several “listening” alternatives build on advantages of the participatory research approach, especially if there is interest in understanding stakeholder knowledge, values, attitudes, motivations, commitments, actions, and behaviors helpful in addressing watershed issues. The watershed planning group should recognize there is a variety of evidence individuals find helpful and acceptable for knowing and understanding, and, subsequently, determining what becomes important factors when they act. Similar to other kinds of problem solving, generating systematic feedback can be broken into parts. The time-tested parts of the lead in newspaper reporting can be helpful, namely addressing “who,” “what,” “when,” “where,” “why” and “how.” These considerations are addressed below, although in a slightly rearranged order. Why listen to watershed residents and stakeholders? “Listening” or generating systematic feedback provides at least two principle functions, both of which are necessary for effective watershed planning. One is, of course, the new information that will be considered in the planning deliberations. The second is residents will more likely follow and be committed to solutions they have helped form. Planning and watershed problem solving are never solely a matter of knowing the physical conditions and processes and then finding engineering 9-2 solutions. While knowing the physical conditions and engineering alternatives are central ingredients to watershed problem solving, policy decisions also involve choices that are tempered by understanding and incorporating human factors. It is rare that an analysis of physical conditions and engineering alternatives will yield an unequivocal single best course of action. Rather, a range of actions is often feasible, and individually many actions can make at least an incremental contribution to maintaining sound stewardship, reducing risks, or ameliorating emerging problems. Although most residents will not possess highly technical information, they often do possess an indigenous understanding and history of the watershed as well as the kinds of solutions that will be accepted from social, economic, and political perspectives. What to listen for? “Why” a watershed group listens to residents and stakeholders will determine to a great extent “what” to listen for. Thus, one of the first decisions in planning for citizen input, is determining for what purpose the information will be used. For example, is the reason to: ? generate ideas for possible solutions and courses of action? ? document land use or profile certain conditions and behaviors? ? assess values and attitudes? Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities ? inform as well as listen? ? generate interest, motivation, and involvement? ? recruit resources and solicit commitment to action? In a stakeholder or citizen-driven initiative to address watershed issues, each of the above interests is a legitimate reason to conduct information gathering activities, but no single technique or approach will yield full information about all. Consequently, the group must focus and prioritize what information will be most strategic for planning. Then they can match what they want to know with the right data collection techniques. Choosing the information and knowledge that will have greatest interest and priority will also help in selecting whom to listen to. For example, survey methodology is not an especially efficient technique to generate new and creative ideas, but is very helpful to document people’s beliefs, attitudes and actions. Town meetings may allow for informing as well as listening and, perhaps, generating ideas for potential and even creative solutions. But, information from town meetings will not provide a statistical basis to profile socio-political factors, let alone current land use or agricultural practices. A pitfall to avoid is trying to gather too much information, or gathering information that covers too wide a spectrum. Although broad-based information is helpful for 9-3 “perspective,” most citizen led groups cannot afford the luxury of time and resources it takes to generate everything that potentially may be useful. Once what information is to be used for is decided upon, then specific information to be generated can be addressed. Groups often find it helpful to differentiate the kind of information they are seeking in order to better frame their questions and information gathering. Again, do not lose sight of what the group wants to know. Beliefs are people’s perceptions about the world and how it works. They are statements about what is regarded as true and not true. Beliefs arise from a number of sources, ranging from scientific fact, systematic (or unsystematic) observation, learned behavior, or unverified assumptions. When a verification technique is attached to beliefs, then beliefs are regarded as knowledge. People are often assumed to act rationally based on their beliefs; therefore, knowing resident and stakeholder perceptions about conditions, causes, and solutions can be strong predictors regarding future behaviors. Assessing beliefs and knowledge can also be useful in determining the information and misinformation that may be present within the watershed setting. Also, a fairly typical technique where substitute courses of action are being considered is to offer “what if” or future alternative courses of action. This is sometimes called projective techniques, and taps respondents’ perceptions of hypothetical situations. Values are deep seated and pervasive ideas or orientations about what is important and right or wrong. In the realm of watershed management the strength of one’s endorsement of such concepts as environmental stewardship, sustainability, natural resource preservation, property rights, and economic development provide a framework from which individuals organize their lives and interpret new ideas, courses of action or social change. Within a watershed, these may be shared among residents or they may differ greatly. Often a person’s values are organized consistently, but, at least externally, sometimes they may appear inherently at odds with one another. Attitudes are usually regarded as an assessment or subjective evaluation about a more concrete or object, idea, or policy. Additionally, an attitude is a sensing or a feeling response of good/bad or positive/negative rather than an analytical objective or factual analysis. For example, one may believe regulation of livestock operations is an effective policy to control pollution in a watershed, but oppose or have a negative attitude about the policy because of one’s values regarding property rights. Figure 9.1. Beliefs, values, and attitudes Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 9-4 Understanding the distinction between beliefs, values, and attitudes is important in how questions are asked as well as interpreting the meaning of answers to those questions. Another arena of inquiry is behavior. Asking residents to report on activities is a typical approach to measure behavior. Often, questions relate to past or current actions. In the world of watershed planning, questions could be about behaviors ranging from what individuals do that contribute to adverse conditions to their level of civic involvement to address water quality issues in the watershed. To whom do you listen? When generating local knowledge about a watershed, deciding whom to listen to is a critical decision. Earlier we referred to residents and stakeholders as reference groups for watershed planning. The meaning and identity of residents is reasonably selfevident as is their interest in the future of the watershed. Identifying other stakeholders may be more involved, but fundamentally we are referring to persons who have a fairly direct and vested interest in the environmental health of the watershed and perhaps to the broader region. Quite obviously, residents are a stakeholder subset. Additionally, there are those who are affected by the health of the watershed such as persons whose drinking water comes from the watershed. Also, persons who own land or businesses within the watershed but do not reside there will be affected by policies affecting the watershed; thus, they are an important stakeholder group as well. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Typically, in agricultural watersheds there are many landowners, farm operators, and other investors who do not reside in the watershed but who could be substantially affected by consequences of new projects and policies. Not surprisingly, their perceptions of problems and assessments of alternative solutions may differ from those who have less economic investment but may be more personally subjected to consequences of poor management practices of the watershed. Identifying and segmenting these stakeholder groups is important. Because their interests are tempered by their connections relative to the watershed, it is instructive to understand local knowledge and how it is similar or different among stakeholder groups. How do you listen? There are a number of useful formats from which to listen and learn from residents and stakeholders and generate information. There is no one best method. Depending upon one’s objectives, resources, and constraints, each of several formats has advantages and disadvantages. Several years ago, the Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service offered “fifty-one” techniques to generate information from citizens (Figure 9.2). Nonetheless, most planning groups rely upon a few that are more popular. Among these are public record, survey, focus group, participant observation, and community forum. 9-5 advisory committee alternative plan assistance arbitration and mediation behavioral observation call-in radio show charette citizen employment citizen honoraria citizen review board citizen training community-sponsored meeting computer-based techniques coordinator day-to-day public contacts delphi demonstration project design-in direct mail display models or drawings drop-in center field trip fishbowl planning focused group interviews game simulation group dynamics hot line interactive cable TV issue ballots in newspaper key contacts mail analysis media analysis neighborhood planning council neighborhood sponsored meetings nominal group process ombudsman open-door policy planning balance sheet priority-setting committee public hearings public information program public meetings referendum representation on boards short conference staff reports surveys task force telephone networks value analysis videotaped meetings workshops Hariett Moyer, University of Wisconsin Extension, unpublished. Figure 9.2. Fifty-one techniques to obtain information and increase citizen knowledge Be aware, people use different ways to know and understand the world around them. Information generated from these different techniques will be more credible and persuasive for some people than for others. In part, but not entirely, believability is influenced by the inherent advantages and disadvantages the different techniques have for the particular knowledge that is being sought. Community forum or town meeting is a hallmark of public policy deliberation. It has the advantage that everyone has the opportunity to “be heard.” This watershed manual uses the community forum at the beginning of the process to involve citizens. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Sections 2 and 4 offer guidance for preparing a community meeting. Community forums have an advantage of being inexpensive and relatively easy to organize and administer. Input comes from a wide range of people if proper planning is conducted. Community forums can elicit positive public relations as well as planning benefits. Conversely, motivating residents to attend can be difficult when there has not been high concern or a “critical” event. Some individuals may choose to use the forum as a “gripe” session or promote “vested” interest if the forum is not planned and executed well. A few individuals can dominate and intimidate the conversation at a community forum and subvert the goals of 9-6 the organizers. The community forum is a quick and relatively inexpensive way to tap the sentiments of the community. However, the generalizability of what is heard is problematic. It does, however, allow the feedback and deliberation to be conducted without the criticism of “back room” dealing. Another model that could be adapted is the widely known “national issues forum” approach developed by the Kettering Foundation. Information is available on the Internet at: http://www.nifi.org/issues.html. Also, in Iowa, a recently developed coalition of individuals and organizations has formed a partnership to assist with public deliberation forums. A contact is David Wilkinson; his email address is: [email protected]. Public records is a technique of searching and assembling information that has been archived by other agencies for other purposes. These may be secondary data such as Census Bureau and soil classification, or newspaper, zoning and planning actions and court records. Because of the public nature of the information, it can be accessed and used to inform the watershed group about a number of social, economic, political, and land use patterns within the watershed. Increasingly this information is electronically stored in readily retrievable formats. However, often these data are gathered and stored for geographical units or political entities other than watersheds. Consequently, approximating watershed boundaries can be problematic, and making Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities the interpolations necessary to approximate the watershed may be at times quite crude. For example, the smallest unit of census information is the census tract, and several tracts may need to be aggregated to construct an approximation of the watershed boundary. Other information may be available at a county boundary level, and thus have major influencing factors, especially if a major population base or point-source pollution is outside the watershed boundary. Although some county based data points may be publicly available at a site-specific level, to convert those indicators to a site within the watershed can be tedious, timeconsuming, expensive, and will often fall short of reasonable cost-benefit considerations. Public record information is largely objective indicators and do not tap such social indicators as beliefs, values, and attitudes. Public records have an advantage in that often the data include the full universe rather than a sample. Additionally, it is unobtrusive as the information has already been collected and stored for other purposes (and at someone else’s expense). There is a flip side to the unobtrusiveness, however. That is, it doesn’t involve citizens in seeking their ideas and assessments. Like other methods of generating new knowledge, there may be a role for volunteers to help assemble and information for the planning group. Survey is a technique that generates new information from residents and stakeholders on a fairly broad range of 9-7 indicators useful to understand dynamics occurring within the watershed as well as assessing courses of action and likely acceptance or rejection of those ideas. If appropriate sampling techniques are used, survey also has the advantage of making generalizations to the larger universe of the watershed within known degrees of error. But conducting a survey can be a major undertaking and could involve tasks requiring some technical assistance. For example, writing questions that elicit answers that reliably measure a person’s behavior or attitude is a skilled craft. Likewise, developing sampling frames from which to select persons to be part of the survey need to be systematic and follow statistical procedures. The tabulation of answers can be tedious and time consuming. Finally, interpreting the meaning of the statistical distribution can be challenging for persons not trained in this empirical research. Several options for collecting survey data are available. Self-administered mail questionnaires are popular and less expensive than telephone or personal interviews, but they yield a less than complete response rate, sometimes making validity of the findings suspect. Web based surveys are becoming more popular. They have a cost advantage both in the data collection and in the automatic tabulations that are usually built-in. However, respondents must have access to and be comfortable with the Internet. Unfortunately, at the present time web based surveys are not appropriate for most household based studies, but are becoming a Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities viable alternative for certain stakeholder groups. If you feel a web survey might work for you, the University of Virginia has a very user-friendly web-based service. For a modest fee ($125), you can easily develop a set of questions, provide your respondents a web address, and get instant tabulations. The contact URL is: http://www.virginia.edu/ insideuva/1999/33/hotlinks.html. If you are contemplating a more conventional survey, the University of Illinois has an extraordinarily helpful website for planning a survey. It includes steps in conducting a survey, help for writing questions, and more technical assistance in determining sample size. The assistance is no cost to the user and may be found at: http://www. communitydevelopment.uiuc.edu/toolbox/. Focus groups have been an increasingly popular means to generate local information. Currently a wide variety of group-based feedback is conducted under the label “focus group.” Unlike survey and experimental methodologies, there are fewer “standards” associated with the focus group technique. Although most focus group procedures lack the statistical base for generalization that surveys offer, if done well focus groups can generate credible and useful information. Focus groups have a special advantage of spontaneity and interaction among participants. In addition, they are more likely to generate new ideas and solutions, whereas survey techniques are stronger in validating what is proposed on the questionnaire form. Focus groups are often arranged with 8-12 participants, and a 9-8 conversation is organized for a period of 45 minutes to 1-½ hours. A small set of prearranged questions are posed by a facilitator who guides the conversation by making sure everyone participates and appropriate probes are asked in order to establish meaning, detail, and clarity in answers. Some guidelines for focus groups stress the importance of sameness in how the questions and probes are asked and how the conversation is conducted. Other guidelines are more relaxed and stress the importance of eliciting ideas for understanding. It is, however, important that the facilitator not have an “agenda,” be neutral, and be regarded as neutral by participants. Further, the facilitator should not naive about watershed and water quality issues. Usually participants from a single stakeholder group are invited to participate in a focus group. Homogeneity rather than heterogeneity among participants is usually but not always recommended. There may be conscious reasons for bringing together stakeholders with different viewpoints into a single focus group. If so, these assemblies potentially require greater facilitation skill. In total, 8 to 12 groups may be arranged over a period of a few days or a few weeks. Sometimes, the focus group session may be recorded and transcribed and detailed content analysis conducted. Other times, a recorder will write ideas as they are offered and this becomes the “data” for summarization. Often there is a convergence of ideas, or at least major themes that emerge among the various focus groups. This pattern gives credibility to the process and provides the watershed group Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities assurance in instituting courses of action consistent with these response patterns. The St. Paul, Minnesota-based Management Assistance Program for Nonprofits gives more details on organizing and conducting focus groups. The website address is: http:// www.mapnp.org/library/evaluatn/ focusgrp.htm. Participant observation is a time-tested methodology in the social sciences. It usually relies upon a single observer, or perhaps an observer and an assistant, who spends large amounts of time interacting on location with those being studied, in this case watershed residents and stakeholders. The researcher conducts in depth observations and conversations with persons in the course of living (and working) within the watershed. That participant observer may also spend time collecting data from public records, archived reports, newspaper articles, etc. Although time consuming, the trained and neutral observer captures a wealth of information, often in convincing detail. Participant observation studies simultaneously have the disadvantage of potential bias because the information is collected and interpreted through the eyes of a single individual, but it has the advantage of its richness of detail unmet by other methods. When to listen Watershed groups need to listen and gather information throughout the watershed group development process. As the group learns about their watershed, they will ask more in- 9-9 depth and detailed questions and become more skilled in generating knowledge that can guide management decisions and actions. The importance of dialogue, both through the more deliberate and structured techniques discussed above as well as ongoing day-to-day conversations, must be open and transparent. This cannot be overemphasized, and it calls to attention a corollary of listening and learning. The watershed group needs to communicate back to residents and stakeholders regarding what is being heard. This takes patience and persistence, but no other activity has a higher cost-benefit ratio for a citizen led watershed planning process. Where to listen “Where to listen” rounds out the six criteria for gathering data and learning about the watershed. The lesson is simply to make sure the feedback opportunities are as convenient as possible. That is, schedule meetings at times of the year, days of the week, hour of the day, and location that will invite the greatest participation. Today, the personal and professional lives of many households are such that civic involvement comes at a sacrifice and premium with other legitimate demands of everyday living. Although completing a questionnaire, attending a town meeting, or participating in a focus group seems minimal, it is out of the routine for many persons and may hold less salience to many residents than to dedicated watershed group members. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 9-10 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 9B: Ways of knowing: Displaying and presenting data to build knowledge and guide decision making Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Watershed Planning “A picture is worth a thousand words.” GIS has emerged as a powerful computer tool for land planning and management. Not only has it become a powerful tool for planning and management professionals, but also over the past few years especially, this tool has begun to show its value in citizen participation. “Draw me a picture.” Put It on the Map For many of us looking at rows and columns of data on spreadsheets, or reading reports with no illustrations only tends to shorten our attention spans and do us eye damage! Images and pictures help us to visualize what the information is and helps us understand what it means. Most of what we talk about is connected to specific location. Such things as where our home is, where we go to work, where our farm is, where our schools are, hat the surrounding cities are, where our grocery store is, where our favorite stores are, the roads we travel, where we recreate, our favorite fishing spot, and the list goes on. Using Computer Power to Visualize Your Watershed If you were told about a place, say Palo Alto County in northwest Iowa, it is much easier to picture it if some sort of visual reference is given as in the following image. If we look closer at Palo Alto County, we find and identify specific places on the map. This helps to get our bearings about the place and its surroundings. The classic quotes above exactly describe the power of Geographic information systems (GIS). Over the last 2 decades Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 9-11 After we locate these places on the map, the computer can take it a step further. It can “attach”, or link, information about the places to the location on the map. So, not only do you have the name of the place and its location, you have information about that place. With most GIS software it is possible to see this attached information by simply “clicking” on the screen on the place of interest, as seen in the image below which shows that by clicking on the city of Emmetsburg we find that it is located in Palo Alto County, that its 1980 population was 4621 and that the 1990 population was 3940. the computer questions about these places and find out much more. Depending on what kind of information we have linked to the places on the map, we can ask the GIS such questions as: ??What is the population of my hometown? ??What kind of pavement does this highway have? ??How many people over 60 years old live in my county? ??How many acres are within the city limits? But it doesn’t stop there. We can begin to ask more analytical questions like: ??Show me which townships in this watershed have the most people under 5 years old. ??How many acres of forest are within 100 feet of a particular stream? ??Show us the most agriculturally productive soils in the watershed area. Ask the Computer GIS takes into account the actual physical location of these places, information about the place, and can help us understand the relationships among them by showing them on a map on the computer. Once we see the “picture” of where these places are we can begin to see how they are related. Once the place on the map is linked to information about it, we can then ask Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 9-12 Five Island Lake, Palo Alto County, Iowa Suppose our area of interest is in the watershed of five Island Lake outside Emmetsburg in Palo Alto County. A Unites States Geological Survey (USGS) map of the area would look like the image below. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities A GIS could identify specific features in that area, such as in the following image. This image shows the various soil types which are identified according to a productivity rating called the “corn suitability rating” or CSR. The CSR ranks soils on a scale of 1-100 based upon their productive potential. In the following image the watershed of Five Mile Lake is shown in relationship to the lake and the different soil types. At this point it is possible to ask the GIS, for example, to determine the number of acres of the different soils. 9-13 This Emmetsburg example simply shows some of the capabilities and usefulness of GIS in considering a physical place such as a watershed area. Putting GIS to Work Some technical skill is usually needed in order to use a GIS. With the guidance of a person familiar with the technology, a group of citizens can identify and investigate the issues and concerns of their watershed in a visual and graphic manner. Much of the data required is readily available from publicly accessible sources (many are listed below under “Data Source”). Hardware and software suggestions are listed on the following page. Some of the initial steps to get started with using a GIS are: ? Start with a base map of your general area. ? Identify the boundaries of the watershed. ? Locate your points of interests. ? Identify issues and interests for targeted data collection. Data Sources http://www.gis.iastate.edu/DataBaseNew.html This document describes a centralized geographic information system (GIS) data base maintained by the Iowa State Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities University (ISU) GIS Support and Research Facility. The data base is a general GIS data base, maintained to support research and education. The philosophy behind the creation of the data base is to gather as much information as possible for the variety of uses of GIS information represented at ISU. These applications include everything from planning to environmental monitoring to sociological studies. The data base contains a variety of types of information developed at a variety of map scales and resolutions. Information is maintained at the national, state, and local level. http://www.gis.iastate.edu/Links.html Links to a large number of data sources are listed here by the GIS Support and Research Facility, which is a public computing facility established to support the use of geographic information system (GIS) technology at Iowa State University. http://igic.gis.iastate.edu This is the website for the Iowa Geographic Information Council (IGIC). The mission of the IGIC is to: • act as a clearinghouse for GIS information and expertise in Iowa • encourage the development of open GIS standards • facilitate the voluntary exchange of data among GIS users in Iowa • encourage the use of telecommunicationsnetworks, like the Iowa Communications Network, for exchange of ideas • improve policy makers’ knowledge of GIS and related technologies • serve as a focal point for intergovernmental efforts to receive additional funds, especially federal funds, for GIS development in Iowa. 9-14 http://www.dot.state.ia.us/transdata/ viewmaps.htm The Iowa Department of Transportation provides access to digital transportation data through this website. Hardware & Software Software: · http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/nrgis/gishome.htm The Natural Resources Geographic Information System (NRGIS) is the geographic information system (GIS) developed and maintained by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). The purpose of the NRGIS is to improve the availability, integration, and analysis of natural resource information and improve decisions regarding the management, development, and protection of Iowa’s natural resources. http://www.geographynetwork.com/ The Geography Network is an online resource for finding and sharing geographic content, including maps and data, from many of the world’s leading providers. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities ArcView GIS from ESRI. This is popular software package used widely thoughout the U.S. and the world. www.esri.com ESRI ArcExplorer Version 2.0.8 Classic GDS, Informatix Software International Limited, Cambridge, England, http:www.informatix.co.uk/ · GeoMedia Pro by Intergraph. Another popular software package. www.intergraph.com Hardware: Many computer configurations are possible and this would depend upon the requirements of the software package which are regularly updated. A computer with processor speeds of over 400mhz, 128 Mb RAM, and 20 Gb hard drive would be suggested with a 17-inch minimum monitor. A color printer will allow you to print maps to share with the watershed group. 9-15 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 10: Resources and Websites Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay http://www.acb-online.org/ David B. Bancroft, Executive Director (410) 377-6270 [email protected] Washington DC 1612 K Street, NW Suite 202 Washington DC 20006 Phone: 202-466-4633 Fax: 202-293-5857 Maryland CBPO 410 Severn Avenue Annapolis, MD 21403 Phone: 410-267-5700 Fax: 410-267-5777 Virginia P.O. Box 1981 Richmond, VA 23218 Phone: 804-775-0951 Fax: 804-775-0954 [email protected] Maryland Baltimore 6600 York Road Suite 100 Baltimore, MD 21212 Phone: 410-377-6270 Fax: 410-377-7144 [email protected] Pennsylvania 3310 Market Street, Suite A Camp Hill, PA 17011 Phone: 717-737-8622 Fax: 717-737-8650 [email protected] The Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay is a regional nonprofit organization that builds and fosters partnerships for the restoration of the Bay and its rivers. Watershed Stewardship: Encourages voluntary partnerships in projects that improve water quality and wildlife habitat, build community involvement, and promote long-term watershed stewardship. We train volunteers, organizations, and businesses with the technical skills they need to monitor water quality and to restore stream and estuarine habitats. We also help businesses learn how to prevent pollution and how to teach watershed groups to build strong organizations. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-1 Center for Watershed Protection 8390 Main Street, 2nd Floor Ellicott City, MD 21043 Phone: 410-461-8323 Fax: 410-461-8324 http://www.cwp.org [email protected] Founded in 1992, the Center for Watershed Protection is a non-profit 501(c)3 corporation that provides local governments, activists, and watershed organizations around the country with the technical tools for protecting some of the nation’s most precious natural resources: our streams, lakes and rivers. The Center has developed and disseminated a multi-disciplinary strategy to watershed protection that encompasses watershed planning, watershed restoration, stormwater management, watershed research, better site design, education and outreach, and watershed training. http://water.usgs.gov/owq/cleanwater/ The Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy and the Interior, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Army Corps of Engineers are adopting a unified Federal policy on watershed management. This policy provides a framework for a watershed approach to Federal land and resource management activities. The final policy has been revised in response to public comments on the proposed policy and was published in the Federal Register on February 22, 2000 (65 FR 8834). Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-2 Clean Water Network 1200 New York Avenue, NW Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20005 Phone: 202-298-2421 Fax: 202-289-1060 http://www.cwn.org/cwn/ [email protected] The Clean Water Network is a coalition of more than 1,000 public interest organizations that endorse our platform paper, the National Agenda for Clean Water. The Agenda outlines the need for strong clean water safeguards in order to protect public health and the environment. The Clean Water Network includes a wide variety of public interest organizations representing environmentalists, commercial fishermen, recreational anglers, surfers, boaters, farmers, faith communities, environmental justice, labor unions, consumer advocates, and others. Any group that endorses our National Agenda can join. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-3 Ecosystem Management Initiative (EMI) http://www.snre.umich.edu/ecomgt// Dr. Steven Yaffee, Director Phone: 734-615-6431 [email protected] Mission: Promoting sustainable natural resource management through ecosystem-based teaching, research, and outreach. Ecosystem management (EM) uses an ecosystem-based approach to resource management in order to address the myriad challenges that arise from fragmented landscapes and diverse management strategies. (The) Great North American Secchi Dip-in http://dipin.kent.edu/ [email protected] The Secchi Dip-In is a demonstration of the potential of volunteer monitors to gather environmentally important information on our lakes, rivers and estuaries. The concept of the Dip-In is simple: individuals in volunteer monitoring programs take a transparency (usually with a Secchi disk) measurement on one day in a period surrounding Canada Day and July Fourth. Individuals may be monitoring lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, rivers, or streams. These Secchi transparency values are used to assess the transparency of volunteer-monitored lakes in the United States and Canada. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-4 Island Press Editorial Office 1718 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 300 Washington DC 20009-1148 Phone: 202-232-7933 Fax: 202-234-1328 http://www.islandpress.org/ [email protected] A mission-oriented, non-profit publisher, Island Press was organized in 1984 to help meet the need for accessible, solutions-oriented information through a unique approach that addresses the multidisciplinary nature of environmental problems. Our program is designed to translate technical information from a range of disciplines into a book format that is accessible and informative to citizen activists, educators, students, and professionals involved in the study or management of environmental programs. Shearwater Books, established in 1992 as an imprint of Island Press, explores through literary nonfiction and autobiography, the relationships of nature, science, and human culture. Island Press publishes 35-40 new titles per year; our multi-channel distribution program ensures broad and targeted access to these practical tools. (The Multi-State Working Group on Environmental Management Systems General MSWG Questions: Marci Carter [email protected] 13912 W Stardust Blvd, Suite 103 Sun City West, AZ 85375 Phone: 623-975-4900 Fax: 623-214-2293 http://www.mswg.org MSWG is an organization that convenes government, non-government, business and academic interests to conduct research, promote dialogue, create networks and establish partnerships that improve the state of the environment, economy and community through systems-based public and private policy innovation. Its quarterly meetings move around the US to accommodate participation. Meetings are open; everyone is welcome. All have a right to speak. Decisions are by consensus. The Council of State Governments (CSG) handles administration and to accommodate gifts has 501(c)(3) status. Voluntary dues support MSWG. NGOs do not pay dues. New members are welcome, especially businesses and NGOs. All 50 states are enrolled in MSWG and linked by e-mail. About 25 states regularly participate at quarterly meetings and 30-40 states attend the annual meeting and workshop. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-5 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Nonpoint Source Control Branch (4503T) Ariel Rios Bldg 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202-566-1155 http://www.epa.gov/owow/info/NewsNotes/ Nonpoint Source News-Notes is an occasional bulletin dealing with the condition of the waterrelated environment, the control of nonpoint sources of water pollution (NPS), and the ecosystem-driven management and restoration of watersheds. NPS pollution comes from many sources and is caused by rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground. As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries away natural pollutants and pollutants resulting from human activity, finally depositing them into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and groundwater. NPS pollution is associated with land management practices involving agriculture, silviculture, mining, and urban runoff. Hydrologic modification is a form of NPS polution that often adversely affects the biological integrity of surface waters. News-Notes was printed and mailed to subscribers free for the first 10 years of its existence. It’s now published electronically. Current and back issues can be accessed at their website in both .pdf and .html formats. NWISWeb Data for the Nation http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis These pages provide access to water-resources data collected at approximately 1.5 million sites in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Online access to this data is organized around the categories listed to the left. The USGS investigates the occurrence, quantity, quality, distribution, and movement of surface and underground waters and disseminates the data to the public, State and local governments, public and private utilities, and other Federal agencies involved with managing our water resources. Riparian Buffer Systems (RiMS) http://www.buffer.forestry.iastate.edu A management approach for environmental enhancement of intensively modified agricultural landscapes. The Agroecology Issue Team is developing a RiMS Model for application in the Midwestern United States. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-6 The River Network http://www.rivernetwork.org/ National Office 520 SW 6th Avenue #1120 Portland, OR 97204 Phone: 503-241-3506 or 1-800-423-6747 Fax: 503-241-9256 [email protected] DC Office 3814 Albemarle Street NW Washington DC 20016 Phone: 202-364-2550 Fax: 202-364-2520 [email protected] Idaho 3920 Twilight Ct Boise, ID 83703 Phone: 208-345-3689 Fax: 208-345-1588 Vermont Office 153 State Street Montpelier, VT 05602 Phone: 802-223-3840 Fax: 802-223-6277 [email protected] River Network was founded in 1988 with the conviction that the solutions to river degradation are primarily local and must be created by citizen action, watershed by watershed. We dedicate ourselves to building citizen groups to speak out for rivers in every watershed across the country. River Network’s Watershed Programs help local communities understand, protect and restore their rivers and watersheds by providing technical assistance, information and seed funding to help local river and conservation groups to flourish. In 1999, River Network merged with a sister organization, River Watch Network, of Montpelier, Vermont. Also, in 1999 our watershed training program provided training to over 2,000 individuals and granted more than $700,000 to grassroots groups. Today, River Network has a $5million budget, with 34 staff working in 4 offices across the United States. River Network continues to provide personalized assistance, training and information to more than 500 partner groups through our watershed programs. River Network’s long-term vision is to establish vigilant and effective citizen organizations in each of the 2000 major watersheds in the United States. In October 2000, River Network received an Environmental Merit Award from EPA for our bridgebuilding work in the Southeastern United States. The River Conservancy is our initiative to directly preserve some of America’s best rivers by acquiring riverlands for long-term protection. Our River Conservancy program purchased strategic riverlands in Montana and the Pacific Northwest. River Network’s River Conservancy Program has acquired and protected more than 40,000 acres of key riverlands to date. River Network is a national organization. Our headquarters is in Portland, Oregon. We also have offices in Washington, DC and Montpelier, Vermont. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-7 Science and Environmental Health Network http://www.sehn.org/ [email protected] Carolyn Raffensperger, Executive Director Science and Environmental Health Network 217 Welch Avenue, Suite 101 Ames, IA 50014 Phone: 515-268-0600 Fax: 515-268-0604 [email protected] Ted Schettler, Science Director Phone: 978-462-4092 [email protected] SEHN advocates the wise application of science to protecting the environment and public health. Founded in 1994, SEHN serves as both network and think tank for the environmental movement, helping environmental organizations use science in their work, guiding scientists to public interest research and public service, informing public policy with science grounded in ethics and logic. WATERSHEDSS http://h2osparc.wq.ncsu.edu/ [email protected] The two primary objectives of WATERSHEDSS are to: · transfer water quality and land treatment information to watershed managers in order to assist them in making appropriate land management and land treatment decisions to achieve water quality goals · assess and evaluate sources, impacts, and potential management options for control of nonpoint source pollution in a watershed based on user-supplied information and decisions. To adequately control nonpoint source pollution of a water resource, water quality managers must focus on minimizing the impacts of individual nonpoint source pollutants. The strategic choice and placement of best management practices (BMPs) in the watershed can successfully reduce the input of individual pollutants and may improve water quality. WATERSHEDSS (WATER, Soil, and Hydro- Environmental Decision Support System) was designed to help watershed managers and land treatment personnel identify their water quality problems and select appropriate best management practices. Mailing Address NCSU Water Quality Group Campus Box 7637 Raleigh NC 27695-7637 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Physical Address 909 Capability Drive Suite 3200 Research Bldg IV, Centennial Campus NCSU Raleigh NC 27606 Phone: 919-515-3723 Fax: 919-515-7448 Revised May 2006 10-8 Publications “Agenda Building and Big Science” John J. Madison in Policy Sciences, 33:31-53, 2000. This paper explores the idea of “agenda building” within two arenas–general social problem solving and “big science”. The authors show how these arenas differ and use examples to show how agenda building occurs within the “big science” arena. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Kluwer Law International, 233 Spring St. Fl. 7, New York, NY 10013-1522, Tel: 212-620-8000; http://www.kluweronline.com/ Beyond Maps: GIS and Decision Making in Local Government John O’Looney, Ed.D., Ph.D. This book is written to help local managers and elected officials use GIS (Geographic Information System) technology in decision making and conflict resolution. It uses a wide variety of examples of effective and innovative uses of GIS including public works, utility management, land-use planning, public health, parks and recreation, and promoting environmental quality. It is 150 pages long and includes some illustrations. Published by International City/County Management Association, 777 N. Capitol St., N.E., Suite 500, Washington DC 20002, Tel: 800-745-8780; http://www.icma.org/ “Choice, complexity, and change: Gendered livelihoods and the management of water.” Frances Cleaver, 1998. Agriculture and Human Values 15:293-299. Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act Committee on Mitigating Wetland Losses, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Water Sciences and Technology Board, National Research Council This 348 page book explores the adequacy of science and technology for replacing wetland function and the effectiveness of the federal program of compensatory mitigation. Using the lessons learned from the mixed results of previous mitigation efforts, this book offers ten suggestions for establishing and monitoring mitigated wetlands and suggestions for institutional reforms within federal, state, and local agencies. National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055, Tel: 888-624-8373 or 202-334-3313; http://www.nap.edu/; http://www.nationalacademies.org/ “Collective action in watershed management -- experiences from the Andean hillsides.” Helle Munk Ravnborg and Maria del Pilar Guerrero, 1999. Agriculture and Human Values 16:257-266. “Creative Problem Solving as a Result of Majority vs. Minority Influence” Charlan Jeanne Nemeth and Joel Wachtler in European Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 13, 45-55, 1983 This research shows that minority influence results in groups finding new solutions to problems that they would not have found without the minority influence. This shows the importance of including minority viewpoints in group problem solving. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue. New York, NY 101580012, Tel: 212-850-6645. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-9 Dams and Rivers: A Primer on the Downstream Effects of Dams By Michael Collier, Robert H. Webb, and John C. Schmidt. U.S. Geological Survey, Circular 1126. Tucson, Arizona, June 1996. (Also paperback, 94pp, ISBN: 0788126989, DIANE Publishing Company, December 1998.) Dams & river regulation have become an integral part of 20th-century landscape & livelihood. Virtually every river in the lower 48 states is now regulated by dams, locks, or diversions. This report illustrates the downstream consequences of dams & explains the basis on which rivers can be scientifically managed. “Dissent, Group Process, and Creativity: the Contribution of Minority Influence” Charlan Jeanne Nemeth in Advances in Group Processes, Volume 2, pages 57-75. This research “shows that the persistence of a minority, even when incorrect, leads to more original thinking, that is, dissent, even when wrong, can foster the detection of truth”. It is helpful in understanding the importance of including dissenting opinions in group discussions. JAI Press, Inc., 55 Old Post Road–No. 2, PO Box 1678, Greenwich, CT 06836-1678, Tel: 203-661-7602. “Economic Development and Community Social Change” Gene F. Summers and Krsiti Branch in Annual Review of Sociology. 1984. 10:141-66. This chapter reviews and summarizes a number of studies of communities coping with rural industrialization and natural resource development. It especially focuses on changes in employment patterns, income, population, agriculture, local businesses, and public sector costs and revenues. The authors find an underlying tension between the free movement of capital and worker welfare and community stability. Annual Reviews, Inc., 4139 El Camino Way, Palo Alto, CA 94306, Tel: 650-493-4400; http:// soc.annualreviews.org/ “Entrepreneurial social infrastructure and growth machine characteristics associated with industrialrecruitment and self-development strategies in nonmetropolitan communities.” Jeff S. Sharp and Jan L. Flora, 1999. Journal of Community Development Society 30:2:131-153. EPA 910-R-98-008 Discussion Paper: “An EPA/USDA Partnership to Support Community-Based Education” This 31 page paper addresses and defines the idea of “community based environmental education” and its connection to the community, relevancy to people’s lives, and the link between local activities and a quality environment. The report finds six goals for EPA and extension professionals working together to expand the community’s capacity to improve environmental quality. This paper, although written specifically for EPA and extension professionals, provides good information on strengthening a community’s capacity for environmental care. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101 Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-10 “Information Exchange and Use in GSS and Verbal Group Decision Making: Effects of Minority Influence.” Alan R. Dennis, Kelly M. Hilmer, and Nolan J. Taylor in Journal of Management Information Systems, Winter 1997-98, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 61-88. This research shows that in group problem solving, when there is a distinct minority/majority divide groups exchange more information, make better decisions, and take no more time than groups with no minority/ majority divide. This is due to the better exchange of information. M.E. Sharp, Inc., 80 Business Park Dr., Armonk, NY 10504; Tel: 800-541-6563 or 914-273-2106; http://rmm-java.stern.nyu.edu/jmis/ Iowa Geology 2001 A 30 page illustrated introduction to major geological features of Iowa with special attention to surface water, ground water, and baseflow. Published by Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bureau, 109 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1319, Tel: 319-335-1575; www.igsb.uiowa.edu Learning from Gal Oya. Norman Uphoff, 1992. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. “Making a Case for Collaborative Problem Solving.” Christopher T. Gates in National Civic Review Spring 1991 This seven page article outlines several “New Realities” that communities must face including: less public money available, increased responsibility for problems, focus on local decision making, and the wide and thin distribution of community power, and increasing diversity within the community population. In order to “work”, a community must approach these “New Realities” using collaborative approaches. National Civil League Press, 1445 Market Street, Suite 300, Denver, CO 80202-1728, Tel: 303-571-4343; www.ncl.org “Nitrate Nitrogen, Iowa’s Unintended Export.” Robert D. Libra, 1998. Iowa Geology 23:4-7. Iowa Department of Natural Resources. “Personality Characteristics of MIS Project Teams: An Empirical Study and Action Research Design” Kate M. Kaiser and Robert P. Bostrom in MIS Quarterly/December 1982 This 17 page paper addresses the communication gap in a group between organization oriented staff and more technical systems staff. Contrary to previous hypotheses, this study finds that the gap is not due to differing personality characteristics of the organization staff and the systems staff, because their personality types were very similar. Rather, the communication gap is due to organizational space between the organization staff and the end-users of the system. MIS Quarterly, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, 321 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455, Tel: 612-624-2035; http:// www.misq.org/ Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-11 Partners in Future Success: Working Together to Build Our Future. Comunity Forum Water Management in the Des Moines and Raccoon River Watersheds, West Des Moines, IA, July 28-30, 1999. Protecting Natural Resources in an Urbanizing World: NEMO and the National NEMO Network. Arnold Chester, 2000. Land Use and Water Quality session in Farm Foundation 2000 National Public Policy Education Conference, Albany, NY, September 17. “Resolving Hidden Differences Among Perspectives on Sustainable Development” William Ascher in Policy Sciences, 32:351-377, 1999. Although the ecological sciences and the policy sciences have important commonalities–they are problem oriented, value-committed, contextual, process-oriented, multi-method, and holistic–there are also important differences. These hidden differences could produce conflicts when specific issues arise. This paper identifies and examines these differences. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Kluwer Law International, 233 Spring St. Fl. 7, New York, NY 10013-1522, Tel: 212-620-8000; http://www.kluweronline.com/ Restoring Streams in Cities. A Guide for Planners, Policy Makers, and Citizens By Ann L. Riley. Washington, DC and Covelo, CA: Island Press. 1998. Ann L. Riley describes an interdisciplinary approach to stream management that does not attempt to “control” streams, but rather considers the stream as a feature in the urban environment. She presents a logical sequence of land-use planning, site design, and watershed restoration measures along with stream channel modifications and floodproofing strategies that can be used in place of destructive and expensive public works projects. She features examples of effective and environmentally sensitive bank stabilization and flood damage reduction projects, with information on both the planning processes and end results. Chapters provide: history of urban stream management and restoration; information on federal programs, technical assistance, and funding opportunities; and in-depth guidance on implementing projects: collecting watershed and stream channel data, installing revegetation projects, protecting buildings from overbank stream flows. Serving Maps on the Internet: Geographic Information on the World Wide Web Christian Harder A very readable 130 page book on how geographic information systems (GIS) can be used on the internet. It is filled with helpful illustrations and each of its thirteen chapters is a case study of different public and private organizations that deliver geographic information via the internet. Especially relevant are chapter 7–a case study of Interrain Pacific, a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting environmentally conscious development in the northeastern costal rainforest that makes biogregional geographic information available on the web, and chapter 12–a case study of how the US Geological Survey has made its information available on the internet. Published by: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 380 New York Street, Redlands, CA 92373-8100, Tel: 800-447-9778, email: [email protected]; http://www.esri.com/ Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-12 Social Influence and Social Change Serge Moscovici, 1976 This 239 page book examines the social psychology of social influence and social change. Chapters four and five discuss minority influence and its relationship to groups norms and conflict. This is relevant to understanding the influence of the majority and the minority within a group. Academic Press, 525 B Street Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, Tel: 619-231-0926; http://www.apnet.com/ “Synthesis: Platforms of collective action in multiple-use common-pool resources.” Nathalie Steins and Victoria M. Edwards, 1999. Agriculture and Human Values 16:309-315. “The Affective and Cognitive Context of Self-Reported Measures of Subjective Well-Being.” By William Pavot and Ed Diener in Social Indicators Research, 28:1-20. 1993. This paper asserts that although moods and social conditions may have some effect on an individual’s response to a question measuring well-being, “the data provide evidence for a significant degree of stability in subjective well-being and life satisfaction”. This is relevant to research measuring individual well-being. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Kluwer Law International, 233 Spring St. Fl. 7, New York, NY 100131522, Tel: 212-620-8000; http://www.kluweronline.com/ Turning the Tide: A Citizen’s Guide to Reducing Runoff Pollution An easy to read, informative, 28 page guide with illustrations that defines runoff (or nonpoint source) pollution, then gives 13 of its most common sources, and also gives suggestions on what a citizen can do about them. Printed by: South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, Bureau of Water, Nonpoint Source Program, 2600 Bull Street, Columbia, SC 29201-1708, Tel: 803-898-4300; http:// www.scdhec.net/water/ Voices of the Watershed: A Guide to Urban Watershed Management Planning Based on Experiences of the North Branch Watershed Project A practical guide to urban watershed management based on the experiences of the North Branch Watershed Project in the Chicago, Illinois area. The guide has 83 pages with eleven chapters ranging from an introduction that defines important terms, advice on getting started, tips on partnerships and funding, and a chapter on how to keep the project going. To obtain copies of the handbook contact: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Bureau of Water, Watershed Management Section, PO Box 19276, Springfield, IL 62794-9276, Tel: 217-782-3362, Fax: 217-785-1225 or Friends of the Chicago River, 407 South Dearborn Street, Suite 1580, Chicago, IL 60605, Tel: 312-939-0490, email: [email protected] Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities Revised May 2006 10-13 Photo by E.C. Stanley Section 11: Glossary of Watershed Terms BMP Best management practices. Tested practices that have been found to be effective and efficient when applied to specific situations. BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) Used as an index of the quantity of oxygen-demanding substances (i.e. organic matter subject to decay) in the water. These substances include septic tank effluents, oil and grease, manure, etc. Biodiversity Refers to the number of species (plants and animals) that exist within a given ecosystem Ecosystem A term referring to all the plants and animals and their interactions with water, land, air, and each other in a given area Groundwater Water that sits or runs under ground, usually in aquifers that are tapped through wells for drinking water and irrigation HUC (Hydrologic Unit Code) A national coding system developed by the United States Geologic Survey (USGS) and extended by USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) to uniquely identify all watersheds. The code divides the country into regions (major river basins such as the Missouri), subregions and progressively smaller units. Larger numbers indicate smaller watersheds. For instance, the South Skunk River Basin is an 8digit HUC no. 07080105. The units referred to as “watersheds” for most water protection projects in Iowa are typically11-digit HUCs (less than 100,000 acres in size or 62.5-390.6 square miles). Sub-watersheds are 14digit HUCs (15-62.5 square miles). Invertebrates An organism without a backbone (e.g. snails, worms, clams, aquatic insects). The number and kinds of invertebrates in a water body are indicators of the degree of pollution present. NPSP (Non point source pollution) Water pollution that originates from multiple sources, which alone can be relatively insignificant, but when added together constitute a significant threat to water quality. Multiple sources include runoff from field crops, construction sites, and parking lots as well as spills from livestock production facilities. PSP (Point source pollution) Water pollution that originates from one particular source (for example, the drainage pipe from a factory or a community’s sewage treatment facility) Sediment Fine particles of soil which are carried into the water when stream banks erode and heavy rains or snowmelts create soil erosion during runoff. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 11-1 Sub-watersheds Watersheds of tributaries that flow into a larger river Surface water Water which is present above the soil surface Tributaries Smaller feeder streams or rivers which flow into a larger mainstem river TSS (Total suspended solids) A measure of the amount of solids found in the water, such as mud, silt or other elements. An excessive amount of these elements may result from soil erosion. Excessive TSS may indicate poor water quality through hindering stream flow and because the solids may carry pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorous, or pesticides. Turbidity A measure of the amount of material suspended in the water. The more transparent or clear a water body is the lower the turbidity level. Vertebrates Organisms with a backbone (e.g. fish, birds, amphibians). The presence or absence of certain vertebrates (such as types of fish) is used as an indicator of water quality. Watershed The geographic region within which water drains into a particular river, stream, or body of water. That area may include wilderness, farms, suburban, urban, commercial, or industrial areas. Wetlands Transitional areas between the land and water systems that have a high water table at or near the surface (or a shallow covering of water) and hydric soils and hydrophytic plants Watershed Government Agencies and Programs CWA (Clean Water Act) Passed in 1974, the Clean Water Act mandates that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in collaboration with state environmental agencies, develop a systematic approach to remediating polluted waterways from point source pollution and the protecting of America waterways from non point source pollution District Conservationist A USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) employee who manages staff and programs of each Soil and Water Conservation District and USDA Service Center to provide information and technical assistance to farmers on conservation of natural resources EPA (The United States Environmental Protection Agency) Responsible for management and regulation of U.S. water quality, air quality, and species protection IDALS/DSC (Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship/Division of Soil Conservation) The Iowa state government department charged with providing technical and financial assistance to farmers and land owners in a variety of areas including watershed management, wetland conservation, and soil and water conservation—specifically through the Division of Soil Conservation Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 11-2 Iowa DNR (Iowa Department of Natural Resources) The Iowa state department charged with management and regulation of water quality, air quality, conservation, and protection of species habitat RC&D (Resources Conservation and Development) Development organization, often a non-profit, with administrative and financial support from NRCS that works in a multi-county area to promote natural resource conservation and development Section 319 Program An Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) program administered by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) that provides funds for a wide variety of non point source pollution water quality and monitoring efforts. SWCD (Soil and Water Conservation District) Coextensive with counties, SWCD provides local leadership on conservation issues through the election of locally elected officials who are mandated to facilitate worthy conservation efforts in the county. The district is the entity that manages expenditure of all conservation and water quality funding allocated through state and federal agencies. TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) An evaluation system for water quality designated under the Clean Water Act to estimate watershed pollution levels. This evaluation involves determining the maximum pollutant load that a water system will tolerate to maintain ecological integrity, the current pollutant load in that watershed, and modeling the causes and impacts of types of remedial actions in that watershed. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is responsible for submitting to EPA a list of impaired waterways. These waterways are required to have TMDL plans to achieve targeted TMDL levels. USDA-NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service) An office of the US Department of Agriculture that works with other governmental and non-governmental agencies to conserve and sustain natural resources. NRCS provides funding for a District Conservationist, as well as support for other conservation efforts in each county, including partial support for the Soil and Water Conservation District and administrative support for RC&Ds. USGS (The United States Geologic Survey) Provides basic information about surface and ground water quality. Each state has a USGS office that is partly responsible for monitoring water quality and flow rates. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 11-3 Federal and State Programs to Support Watershed Management CREP (Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program) Provides $1.5 million in state funds to work with private landowners to restore or construct wetlands where they intercept tile runoff from agricultural lands. Wetlands should be designed to provide maximum water quality benefits through removal of nitrates and other pollutants from runoff water. Additional benefits are expected in habitat protection. The program uses state funds to leverage USDA funds to establish longterm contracts or easements with landowners. CREP (Conservation Reserve Program) This federal program offers annual rental payments, incentive payments for certain activities, and cost-share assistance to establish approved cover on eligible critical areas. The length of the contract is 10 and 15 years. At least 50% of the establishment cost is paid as well as an annual rental rate based on the productivity of the soil. EQIP (Environmental Quality Incentives Program) This federal program applies to lands with significant natural resource problems prioritized by local work groups, and to statewide resource concerns for lands not in Conservation Priority Areas. Up to 75% of the cost of conservation practices may be covered. The program offers 5- to 10-year contracts. FIP (Forestry Incentive Program) This program is administered by USDA-NRCS. It provides financial assistance for up to 65% of the cost of tree planting and timber stand improvement on private forest stands of less than 1,000 acres. Payments are limited to $10,000 per year. The contracts are for 10 to 30 years. Floodplain Easements The goal of this USDA easement program is to protect high-risk lands subject to repeated flood damage. It is a part of the Emergency Watershed Protection program. The easements are permanent. Some harvesting of timber or hay may be allowed. Up to 100% of restoration costs may be paid. Iowa Water Quality Program (IDALS) This $11.2 million dollar state initiative enacted in 2000, matches federal funds for water resource programs including conservation efforts and water quality monitoring. Areas covered include: septic systems, soil conservation, buffer initiatives, water quality monitoring, water quality planning, standards, and assessment, conservation, TMDL, floodplain education, review of NPDES permits, integrated livestock and farm demonstration program, and water monitoring and environmental restoration volunteer activities. The program is also funding efforts by the state to provide watershed data locally through geographic information systems (GIS). NPDES (National Pollution Discharge Elimination System) This initiative provides resources for the review and issuance of permits for all wastewater treatment facilities or effluent in waters of Iowa (such as city sewage plants, industrial effluents, or livestock). The permit program is set in federal law as part of the Clean Water Act. It is administered through the state DNR. The Iowa Water Quality Initiative has allocated funds to enable the DNR to “acquire professional assistance to staff to reduce the backlog of expired NPDES permits.” Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 11-4 REAP (Iowa Resource Enhancement and Protection Account) The result of Iowa legislation passed in 1989, REAP is financed by individuals who purchase a REAP license plate when they register their vehicles. Twenty percent is allocated for soil and water enhancement and made available as grants from IDALS-Division of Soil Conservation to Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD). Another 20 percent is directly allocated to county conservation boards. WHIP (Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program) This wildlife habitat improvement restoration program is administered by USDA-NRCS. The contract is for 5 to 10 years. The Program offers landowners up to 75% cost-sharing for wildlife habitat improvement projects. WPF (Iowa Water Protection Fund) Iowa water quality initiative that funds local SWCS non point source pollution related water quality projects including watershed development grants. Administered by Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS). Financed by the Iowa license plate REAP program. WRP (Wetland Reserve Program) This federal program targets critical wetland areas in need of restoration and protection. The contract can be for permanent or temporary easements. Easement payments are disbursed over 5 to 30 years, and the payment depends on soil type and crop history, location, etc. Permanent easements are included. Restoration costs of up to 100% is possible for permanent easements, with cost sharing of 50%- 75% for 30-year easements. WSPF (Iowa Watershed Protection Fund) Iowa water quality initiative that funds local SWCS natural resource protection projects including water quality and erosion control. Administered by Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS). Financed by the state legislature yearly. Glossary prepared by Stephen Gasteyer, North Central Regional Center for Rural Development and Extension to Communities, Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Renewing Local Watersheds: Community Leaders’ Guide to Building Watershed Communities 11-5 Prepared by Lois Wright Morton, Steve Padgitt, Jan Flora, Beverlyn Lundy Allen, Jeff Zacharakis-Jutz, Sandy Scholl, Alan Jensen, John Rodecap, James West, and Joan Steffen-Baker, Iowa State University Extension to Communities, Department of Sociology, Ames, Iowa. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/communities/ This publication is funded by the U.S. EPA Region VII Water Quality Cooperative Agreement Program Contract No. CP98705301. . . . and justice for all The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Many materials can be made available in alternative formats for ADA clients. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 202509410 or call 202-720-5964. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Stanley R. Johnson, director, Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa.
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