The Australian Economy and Financial Markets Chart Pack October 2014 The Australian Economy and Financial Markets Contents Graphs World Economy Australian GDP Growth and Inflation Household Sector Business Sector Credit and Money Factors of Production and Labour Market Regions and Industry Government Commodity Prices Balance of Payments and External Position Interest Rates Share Markets Bond Issuance Equity Raisings and Business Financing Exchange Rates Banking Indicators 1–3 4 5–6 7–8 9 10–11 12–13 14 15 16–17 18–22 23–24 25 26 27–28 29–30 World Economy GDP Growth – China and India GDP Growth – World Year-ended % % Major trading partners* 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 -2 -2 2002 2006 2010 -4 2014 % China 6 World** -4 Year-ended % 10 10 5 5 India 0 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 0 Sources: CEIC Data; RBA * Weighted using Australian export shares ** PPP-weighted; accounts for 87 per cent of world GDP Sources: ABS; CEIC Data; IMF; RBA; Thomson Reuters GDP Growth – East Asia GDP Growth – Advanced Economies Year-ended % US 4 Euro area % % 4 10 Year-ended % 10 Middle-income* 0 0 5 5 -4 0 0 Japan -4 High-income** -8 -12 2002 Source: 2005 Thomson Reuters 2008 2011 2014 -8 -5 -12 -10 -5 2002 2005 2008 2011 * Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand; PPP-weighted ** Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan; PPP-weighted 2014 -10 Sources: CEIC Data; IMF; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 1 World Economy Inflation – China and India Core Inflation* – Advanced Economies Year-ended % % US** Year-ended % % India** 2 2 1 1 Euro area 0 8 8 4 4 0 Japan -1 -1 -2 2002 * ** 2005 2008 2011 2014 -2 0 -4 Excluding food and energy, and for the euro area also excluding alcohol and tobacco Core price index for personal consumption expenditures Source: 2002 * Consumer price index ** Wholesale price index % % 2014 -4 % Middle-income* 10 10 US 8 8 4 4 6 Japan Source: 2011 Year-ended % Euro area 2002 2008 Inflation – East Asia Unemployment Rate – Advanced Economies 2 2005 Sources: CEIC Data; RBA Thomson Reuters 6 0 China* 2005 2008 High-income** 0 2011 2014 2 -4 2002 Thomson Reuters 2005 0 2008 2011 * Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand; PPP-weighted ** Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan; PPP-weighted 2014 -4 Sources: CEIC Data; IMF; RBA; Thomson Reuters Chart Pack | October 2014 2 World Economy China – Monthly Activity Indicators* Nominal growth Retail sales % 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 -3 -3 2006 2008 2010 2012 M(m²) Log scale 140 120 120 60 100 30 2014 80 2006 RBA estimates prior to February 2011 2010 * RBA estimates ** Trend 2014 2010 2014 15 Sources: CEIC Data; RBA Sources: CEIC Data; RBA China – Output Indicators China – Credit and Money Supply Growth Year-ended % Floor space sold** 2007 average = 100 % Fixed asset investment * Prices % 3 % China – Residential Property Market* index % Log scale, 2005 average = 100 index Industrial production Credit 30 30 index Crude steel 200 200 Rail freight 20 20 100 100 Electricity consumption M2 money supply 10 2006 Source: 2008 CEIC Data 2010 2012 2014 10 50 2004 2009 2014 2004 2009 2014 50 Sources: CEIC Data; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 3 Australian GDP Growth and Inflation GDP Growth % % Year-ended Consumer Price Inflation* % 5 4 4 2 2 0 0 Quarterly -2 1994 Source: 1998 2002 2006 2010 5 Year-ended 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 -2 2014 % (seasonally adjusted) -1 ABS 0 Quarterly 1994 * 1998 2002 2006 2010 -1 2014 Excluding interest charges prior to the September quarter 1998 and adjusted for the tax changes of 1999–2000 Sources: ABS; RBA Underlying Inflation* % % Weighted median 5 5 Trimmed mean 4 Non-tradables and Tradables Inflation % Non-tradables* 3 2 2 CPI excl volatile items 1 * 1998 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 Excluding interest charges prior to the September quarter 1998 and adjusted for the tax changes of 1999–2000 Sources: ABS; RBA % Year-ended 4 44 4 2 22 2 00 0 0 Quarterly 1 1994 Tradables** 4 3 0 %% (seasonally adjusted) -2 2004 2009 -2 -2 2014 2004 2009 2014 * Excluding deposit & loan facilities to June 2011 ** Excluding volatile items (fruit, vegetables & automotive fuel) & tobacco -2 Sources: ABS; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 4 Household Sector Retail Sales Growth % Household Saving Ratio* % Per cent of household disposable income % Values % (year-ended*) 8 8 4 4 Volumes 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 (year-ended) % % Volumes (quarterly) 0 0 -5 2002 * 2006 -5 2014 2010 Percentage change over year to latest three months Source: ABS -5 1989 * 2004 2009 -5 2014 ABS Private Residential Building Approvals ’000 1999 Net of depreciation Source: Monthly 1994 Consumer Sentiment ’000 Average since 1980 = 100 index index Total 15 15 120 120 10 10 100 100 5 80 80 0 2014 60 Detached houses 5 Higher-density housing 0 1994 Source: ABS 1999 2004 2009 1994 Source: 1999 2004 2009 60 2014 Westpac and Melbourne Institute Chart Pack | October 2014 5 Household Sector Household Finances* Household Wealth and Liabilities* Per cent of household disposable income % Debt % Interest paid 150 14 125 12 Per cent of annual household disposable income % Net worth 600 600 Dwellings 450 100 10 75 8 50 6 25 1994 * 2004 2014 1994 2004 2014 4 150 0 1998 * $’000 750 750 Sydney 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 Household liabilities exclude the liabilities of unincorporated enterprises; disposable income is after tax and before the deduction of interest payments Melbourne $b Total 20 20 15 15 Owner-occupiers 550 Australia 450 Brisbane Housing Loan Approvals $b 650 Canberra Perth 450 150 Liabilities Sources: ABS; RBA Housing Prices 550 300 Financial assets Sources: ABS; RBA 650 450 300 Household sector excludes unincorporated enterprises; disposable income is after tax and before the deduction of interest payments $’000 % Adelaide 350 10 350 5 250 0 10 5 Investors Regional* 250 2006 * 2010 2014 2010 2014 Excludes apartments; measured as areas outside of capital cities in mainland states 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 0 Sources: ABS; RBA Sources: RBA; RP Data-Rismark Chart Pack | October 2014 6 Business Sector Private Non-financial Corporation Profits* Share of nominal GDP % % Non-mining 12 12 8 8 Mining 4 4 0 1998 * 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 Gross operating profits; inventory valuation adjusted Business Finances Business credit Per cent of nominal GDP % Interest paid* Per cent of profits** 60 17 50 14 40 11 30 2002 2008 2014 2002 2008 * Interest on intermediated debt from Australian-domiciled financial institutions ** Profits are private non-financial gross operating surplus (adjusted for privatisations) and gross mixed income Business conditions* 2014 ppt 15 15 0 0 -15 -15 -30 -30 ppt ppt Business confidence* 15 15 0 0 -15 -15 -30 -30 % Sources: ABS; RBA % NAB Business Survey ppt % Capacity utilisation 84 84 81 81 78 78 75 75 72 1989 * 1994 1999 2004 2009 72 2014 Net balance; deviation from average since 1989 Sources: NAB; RBA 8 Sources: ABS; APRA; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 7 Business Sector Capital Expenditure – Mining and Non-mining* Business Investment* Share of nominal GDP % % 18 18 Nominal, financial year, log scale $b Mining 128 128 64 16 16 14 14 12 12 10 10 2004 2009 2014 Machinery andthe equipment Adjusted for second-hand asset transfers between private 1989 * 1994 1999 64 32 32 16 16 8 8 4 4 2 1995 * and other sectors Source: ABS 2005 2015 1995 2005 2015 2 Sample of firms' spending plans; dots represent the survey's most recent estimates for 2014/15 adjusted for historical realised spending Sources: ABS; RBA Private Non-residential Building Approvals Business Investment Components* Share of nominal GDP % $b Non-mining % Per cent of nominal GDP % % Machinery and equipment 8 8 6 6 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 Buildings 2 2 Engineering 0 1989 * 1994 1999 2004 2009 Adjusted for second-hand asset transfers between the private and other sectors Source: ABS 0 2014 0 1989 Source: 1994 1999 2004 2009 0 2014 ABS Chart Pack | October 2014 8 Credit and Money Credit and Broad Money Growth Year-ended % Credit* Ratio to nominal GDP % ratio 15 15 1.4 1.4 10 10 1.1 1.1 5 5 0.8 0.8 0 2014 0.5 ratio Broad money Credit 0 1998 2002 2006 2010 Sources: APRA; RBA 1994 * 1999 2004 2009 0.5 2014 Not adjusted for breaks Sources: ABS; APRA; RBA Credit Growth by Sector Monetary Aggregates Growth Year-ended Year-ended % % 18 18 20 20 12 12 10 10 6 6 0 % Housing M3 Business Currency 0 1998 Sources: APRA; RBA 2002 2006 % 0 Personal 2010 0 2014 -10 2002 2006 2010 -10 2014 Sources: APRA; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 9 Factors of Production and Labour Market Factors of Production % Private sector % Capital stock* 5 5 5 3 3 % Wage Price Index Growth % Annual growth Working-age population % 2.0 5 4 44 4 3 33 3 2 22 2 11 1 Quarterly 1 1.5 1.0 1.0 12/13 0 82/83 88/89 94/95 00/01 06/07 % Public sector 55 Year-ended 2.0 1.5 %% 2002 Source: 2008 00 2014 2002 2008 2014 0 ABS * Excluding livestock & orchards, dwellings and ownership transfer costs Sources: ABS; RBA Capital Ratios* Unit Labour Costs Growth 1979/80 = 100 index index 200 200 Capital-labour ratio 180 180 160 160 140 140 120 120 Capital-output ratio 100 100 80 82 / 83 * 88 / 89 94 / 95 00 / 01 06 / 07 80 12 / 13 Capital stock excludes livestock & orchards, dwellings and ownership transfer costs Sources: ABS; RBA Non-farm, year-ended % % Unit labour costs 5 5 0 0 % % Average earnings per hour 5 5 0 0 Labour productivity per hour -5 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 -5 2014 Sources: ABS; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 10 Factors of Production and Labour Market Employment and Participation Rates % Employment and Hours Worked* % 2007 average = 100 index Participation rate 64 index Employment 64 110 61 110 61 105 58 Average hours worked 58 100 Employment to working-age population 55 1994 Source: 1998 2002 2006 2010 105 Total hours worked 55 2014 ABS 100 95 2008 * 2010 2012 2014 95 Smoothed lines are 13-period Henderson trends Sources: ABS; RBA Unemployment Rate % % 10 Job Vacancies and Advertisements Per cent of labour force % % Advertisements 10 (ANZ survey) 2.0 8 8 6 6 4 4 1.0 2 2014 0.5 2 1994 Source: 1998 ABS 2002 2006 2010 2.0 1.5 1.5 Vacancies* (ABS survey) 1.0 2002 * 2006 2010 0.5 2014 This survey was suspended between May 2008 and November 2009 Sources: ABS; ANZ Chart Pack | October 2014 11 Regions and Industry State Share of Output* % New South Wales 35 35 30 30 Victoria 25 20 25 20 Queensland 15 15 Western Australia 10 10 South Australia 5 5 Tasmania 0 92 / 93 * 97 / 98 02 / 03 07 / 08 0 12 / 13 Nominal Source: State Final Demand Growth % Year-ended % 10 10 Victoria 5 5 0 New South Wales -5 % 10 10 5 5 0 0 -5 Western Australia % 10 Trend % Tasmania 8 7 South Australia New South Wales 6 5 % 0 0 8 -5 7 -10 Tasmania* 1994 * 1999 -5 2004 2009 -10 2014 Adjusted for the purchase and sale of ferries in 2002 Sources: ABS; RBA 5 Victoria 4 4 Queensland 3 2 10 South Australia 5 6 5 -5 15 Queensland % State Unemployment Rates 0 % 15 -5 ABS % 3 Western Australia 2006 Source: 2010 2014 2006 2010 2014 2 ABS Chart Pack | October 2014 12 Regions and Industry Industry Share of Output* % % Other business services** Manufacturing 14 14 40 Financial and insurance services 30 Retail and wholesale trade 10 Industry Share of Business Investment* % 20 6 6 Mining 1993 1998 2003 30 Retail and wholesale trade 20 10 Construction 2 2013 2008 Manufacturing Agriculture 10 Agriculture 2 40 Mining Other business services** 10 Financial and insurance services Construction 0 92 / 93 96 / 97 00 / 01 04 / 05 0 12 / 13 08 / 09 * Nominal gross value added * Nominal ** Includes: information media and telecommunications; rental, hiring and real estate services; professional, scientific and technical services; administrative and support services ** Includes: information media and telecommunications; rental, hiring and real estate services; professional, scientific and technical services; administrative and support services Source: Source: ABS ABS Employment Growth Contributions Employment by Industry* 2000 average = 100 index index Mining (2.0%) 300 300 Financial & insurance services Other business services** (3.6%) (15.0 %) 200 200 Construction (9.0%) 100 Manufacturing (7.9%) 0 2002 100 Retail & wholesale trade (14.3%) 2008 2014 2002 2008 2014 * Figures in parentheses represent share of total employment based on latest quarterly data ** Includes: information media and telecommunications; rental, hiring and real estate services; professional, scientific and technical services; administrative and support services Source: % 0 Year to August 2014, trend Professional, scientific & technical Education & training Other services Health care & social assistance Rental, hiring & real estate Retail trade Agriculture, forestry & fishing Construction Transport, postal & warehousing Media & telecommunications Accommodation & food services Manufacturing Administrative & support Financial & insurance Utilities Arts & recreation Whosale trade Mining Public administration & safety -50 Source: -25 0 000 25 50 ABS ABS Chart Pack | October 2014 13 Government Australian Government Budget Balance* Per cent of nominal GDP % State Budget Balances* % 2 2 1 1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -2 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5 81 / 82 * 87 / 88 93 / 94 99 / 00 05 / 06 11 / 12 -5 17 / 18 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.5 -0.5 -1.0 -1.0 -1.5 82 / 83 * Australian Treasury % 97 / 98 02 / 03 07 / 08 3 % Non-financial public sector 30 30 20 2 20 Australian Government 2 Engineering 1 1 10 10 0 0 Building 0 1989 Source: 1994 ABS 1999 2004 2009 -1.5 12 / 13 ABS Per cent of nominal GDP % Total 3 92 / 93 Non-financial Public Sector Net Debt* Public Construction Work Done % 87 / 88 Underlying cash balance Source: Per cent of nominal GDP % 1.0 Underlying cash balance Source: Per cent of nominal GDP % State and local general governments 0 2014 -10 93 / 94 * 98 / 99 03 / 04 08 / 09 -10 13 / 14 Estimates as at the 2014/15 Budget Source: Australian Treasury Chart Pack | October 2014 14 Commodity Prices Base Metals, Rural and Oil Prices RBA Index of Commodity Prices SDR, 2012/13 average = 100 index index 120 120 Weekly index US$/b Base metals* 220 150 Rural* Brent oil 100 100 190 80 80 160 100 60 60 130 75 40 40 100 50 20 2014 70 20 1989 Source: 1994 1999 2004 2009 RBA 2006 * 2010 2014 2006 2010 125 2014 25 RBA Index of Commodity Prices sub-indices; SDR terms; 2005 average = 100 Sources: Bloomberg; RBA Bulk Commodity Prices Terms of Trade* Free on board basis US$/t Iron ore Thermal coal (LHS) (LHS) Coking coal US$/t (RHS) 170 350 Spot price* 130 2011/12 average = 100 index index 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 250 90 150 50 2010 * Average Australian export price 2012 2014 2012 2014 2012 2014 50 Iron ore fines, Newcastle thermal coal and premium hard coking coal Sources: ABS; AFR; Bloomberg; Citigroup; IHS Energy Publishing; Macquarie Bank; RBA; Thomson Reuters 20 1954 * 1969 1984 1999 20 2014 Annual data are used prior to 1960 Sources: ABS; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 15 Balance of Payments and External Position Export Volumes Bulk Commodity Exports Quarterly, 2011/12 prices, log scale $b Resources $b Services 40 12 Rural 20 6 Manufacturing 10 2000 2007 2014 2000 2007 2014 3 Quarterly Mt Iron ore 170 110 150 100 130 90 110 80 90 70 70 60 50 50 30 Sources: ABS; RBA 2004 2009 2014 2004 2009 $b Intermediate Consumption Annual, share of total values % % 30 16 16 30 China 25 20 8 8 Services Capital 4 Japan 15 10 10 South Korea US India Source: ABS 2014 2000 2007 20 15 5 2007 25 EU - 27 4 2000 40 Exports by Destination Import Volumes 2 2014 Sources: ABS; RBA Quarterly, 2011/12 prices, log scale $b Mt Coal 2014 2 0 2001 Source: 2005 2009 5 0 2013 ABS Chart Pack | October 2014 16 Balance of Payments and External Position Current Account Balance Per cent of nominal GDP % Trade balance Net Capital Inflow* % Net income balance 0 -3 -3 -6 -6 Source: 1999 2004 2009 8 Debt 6 4 4 2 2 0 -9 2014 -2 2002 * Net Foreign Liabilities Total 60 45 2006 2010 -4 2014 2014 values are year to June quarter Source: % 0 Equity -4 ABS Per cent of nominal GDP 6 -2 Current account balance 1994 % 8 0 -9 Per cent of nominal GDP % ABS External Position Composition after hedging, quarterly* % $b 60 2 500 45 2 000 30 1 500 1 500 15 1 000 1 000 Gross foreign liabilities $b Gross foreign assets 2 500 Foreign currency Australian dollar 2 000 Debt 30 Equity 15 0 0 -15 1994 Source: ABS 1999 2004 2009 -15 2014 500 500 0 2004 * 2009 2004 2009 0 2014 Hedge ratios inferred from ABS Foreign Currency Exposure surveys Sources: ABS; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 17 Interest Rates Australian Cash Rate and 90-day Bill Yield % 90-day bill yield 8 % 8 5 5 4 4 7 7 6 6 4 3 3 2004 2006 3 5 4 2 2008 2010 2012 2014 2 Euro area 2 2 1 0 Sources: AFMAData; RBA 2004 * Australian Cash Rate 2006 2012 2014 0 central banks 9 % NZ 8 6 2010 Policy Interest Rates – Selected Advanced Economies % Cash rate 2008 Since April 2013, the Bank of Japan's main operating target has been the money base % 9 1 Japan* Source: % % US 3 Cash rate 5 Policy Interest Rates – G3 % 8 6 6 3 6 UK 3 4 0 0 Real cash rate* -3 1994 * 1998 2002 2006 4 Canada 2 2010 Calculated using average of weighted median and trimmed mean inflation Sources: ABS; RBA -3 2014 Sweden 2 Switzerland 0 2004 2006 Source: central banks 2008 2010 2012 2014 0 Chart Pack | October 2014 18 Interest Rates Policy Interest Rates – Asia % Thailand 15 10-year Australian Government Bond Yield % % % 5 7 7 4 6 6 3 5 5 2 4 4 1 3 3 0 2014 2 South Korea Indonesia 12 Malaysia 9 6 India Taiwan 3 0 2006 Source: 2010 2006 2010 Source: central banks Policy Interest Rates – Emerging Markets % % Brazil 20 2002 20 % 15 Russia* Mexico 10 10 10-year Government Bond Yields 6 5 Poland 0 2004 * 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 On 13 September 2013, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation changed its official policy rate to the rate on its one-week open market operations, which was left unchanged at the September 2013 meeting Source: 0 2 2014 % 6 US 5 4 4 3 3 Germany 2 South Africa 5 2010 RBA 5 15 2006 2 1 1 Japan 0 2002 Source: 2006 2010 0 2014 Thomson Reuters central banks Chart Pack | October 2014 19 Interest Rates Spread between Australian 10-year Bond Yield and the Cash Rate % 4 US Bond Yields % 3-5 years % % BBB corporates* 4 9 2 2 0 0 -2 -2 -4 9 AAA corporates* 6 6 3 3 -4 -6 1994 Source: 1999 2004 2009 -6 2014 Swap 0 1998 * RBA 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 Includes financials and non-financials Sources: Bank of America Merrill Lynch; Bloomberg bps Differential between Australian and US 10-year Government Bond Yields US Bond Spreads bps 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 -100 0 1994 1999 Sources: Bloomberg; RBA 2004 2009 -100 2014 To US government bonds, 3-5 years bps bps BBB corporates* 800 800 A corporates* 600 600 AAA corporates* 400 400 Swap 200 200 0 1998 * 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 Includes financials and non-financials Sources: Bank of America Merrill Lynch; Bloomberg Chart Pack | October 2014 20 Interest Rates Emerging Market Bond Yields % % Australian Bond Yields* % % BBB corporates Europe 20 20 8 15 8 AA corporates Latin America 15 6 10 6 10 Asia 5 5 0 1998 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 Sources: Bloomberg; RBA; Thomson Reuters Swap 4 4 Australian Government 2 1998 * 2002 2006 2010 2 2014 Australian Government yields and swap rates are for 3-year maturity. Corporate bond yields are a weighted average of senior bonds with remaining maturities of 1 to 5 years; they include financial and non-financial corporates. Sources: Bloomberg; RBA; UBS AG, Australia Branch Australian Bond Spreads* Emerging Market Bond Spreads To US government bonds, duration-matched bps bps 1 500 500 1 200 400 900 900 300 600 600 200 300 300 100 bps Emerging Europe 1 500 Latin America 1 200 Spread over government yields BBB corporates 1998 2002 2006 Sources: Bloomberg; RBA; Thomson Reuters 2010 0 2014 500 400 300 AA corporates 200 A corporates 100 Swap Asia 0 bps 0 1998 * 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 Swap spreads are for 3-year maturity. Corporate bond spreads are a weighted average of senior bonds with remaining maturities of 1 to 5 years; they include financial and non-financial corporates. Sources: Bloomberg; RBA; UBS AG, Australia Branch Chart Pack | October 2014 21 Interest Rates Australian Housing Lending Rates Average interest rate on variable-rate loans % Australian Fixed Interest Rates % 3-year maturity % % Banks' indicator rate on new loans 10 10 Actual rate on outstanding loans 8 8 6 6 Cash rate 4 2 1994 1998 2002 2006 4 2010 2 2014 12 Small business 10 10 8 8 6 6 Swap rate Housing 4 2 Sources: ABS; APRA; Perpetual; RBA % 12 1994 1998 2002 2006 4 2010 2 2014 Sources: Bloomberg; RBA Australian Small Business Interest Rates Weighted-average outstanding variable rate** 12 % Australian Business Lending Rates Average interest rate on outstanding lending Small business % % 12 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 8 8 4 6 6 4 4 Overdraft other security* % Cash rate 4 Term loan residential security* 2 1994 1998 * Indicator rates ** Including risk margins 2002 2006 2010 2 2014 2 % Large business 1998 2002 2006 2010 2 2014 Sources: APRA; RBA Sources: APRA; Canstar; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 22 Share Markets Major Economies’ Share Price Indices Australian and World Share Price Indices Log scale, end December 1994 = 100 index 400 S&P 500 300 index 400 300 Log scale, end December 1994 = 100 index 400 US Euro area 300 300 200 200 index 400 200 200 UK 100 100 MSCI World ASX 200 100 Japan 100 80 1998 2002 2006 2010 80 2014 40 1998 Australian Share Price Indices Log scale, end December 1994 = 100 Resources 400 300 2006 2010 40 2014 Sources: Bloomberg; RBA Sources: Bloomberg; MSCI; RBA; Thomson Reuters index 600 500 2002 Share Price Indices index 600 500 400 300 Financials 200 index 1 500 Log scale, end December 1994 = 100 Emerging Europe 1 000 1 000 Latin America 500 500 China 200 200 All other sectors 100 100 index 1 500 200 World 100 100 Emerging Asia 60 1998 2002 2006 Sources: Bloomberg; RBA; Thomson Reuters 2010 60 2014 40 1998 2002 2006 2010 40 2014 Sources: Bloomberg; MSCI Chart Pack | October 2014 23 Share Markets Trailing P/E Ratios ratio MSCI World excluding Australia ratio 30 30 20 20 MSCI Australia 10 10 0 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 0 2014 Dividend Yields % % MSCI Australia 6 6 4 4 2 2 MSCI World excluding Australia 0 1989 1994 1999 2004 0 2014 2009 Sources: MSCI; Thomson Reuters Sources: MSCI; Thomson Reuters Forward P/E Ratios ratio ratio MSCI world Forecast Earnings per Share MSCI Australia index index 09/10 20 20 08/09 90 11/12 07/08 MSCI Australia 10 10 90 12/13 14/15 06/07 13/14 70 70 10/11 05/06 0 1989 1994 1999 Sources: MSCI; Thomson Reuters 2004 2009 0 2014 50 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 50 Sources: MSCI; Thomson Reuters Chart Pack | October 2014 24 Bond Issuance Bonds on Issue in Australia $b $b Non-government Bonds on Issue in Australia $b $b Non-government** Financials 400 400 300 300 200 150 150 Asset-backed securities* 100 100 50 50 200 Australian Government* 100 100 State governments 0 1994 1999 2004 2009 0 2014 Non-financial corporates Non-residents 0 1994 * Excludes bonds purchased by the Australian Government * ** Excludes ADIs’ self-securitisations, includes government-guaranteed bonds Sources: ABS; RBA 1999 2004 2009 0 2014 Excludes ADIs’ self-securitisations Sources: ABS; RBA Non-government Bond Issuance $b Domestic issuers* Non-government Bonds on Issue Offshore Gross issuance Australia $b $b Financials Non-resident issuers** 40 All currency denominations $b 40 300 20 300 20 $b $b Offshore 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 * Excludes ADIs’ self-securitisations ** Offshore non-resident issuance includes Australian dollar-denominated bonds only Source: 200 Non-financial corporates Asset-backed securities 100 100 Non-residents* 0 1994 * 1998 200 2002 2006 2010 0 2014 Australian dollar-denominated bonds only Sources: ABS; APRA RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 25 Equity Raisings and Business Financing Australian Equity Raisings* $b 20 15 10 5 $b 20 15 10 5 IPOs $b 28 21 14 7 Other raisings $b Buybacks $b 28 21 14 7 0 -5 -5 2002 * 2005 2008 Non-financial corporates Financials and assetbacked securities** $b 75 75 50 50 25 25 0 0 $b 0 -10 Net Non-intermediated Capital Raisings* $b 2011 2014 -10 All listed companies Sources: ASX; RBA -25 2004 2009 2014 2004 2009 * Includes equity, hybrids, bonds, and short-term debt ** Excludes ADIs’ self-securitisations; financials include banks and non-bank financials 2014 -25 Sources: APRA; ASX; Austraclear; RBA Australian Net Equity Raisings* $b Non-financials corporates $b 30 30 Financials** Business External Funding % Net change as a share of GDP Non-intermediated debt Business credit Equity Total % 25 25 15 20 20 10 10 15 15 10 10 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 -5 -5 -5 2002 2005 2008 * All listed companies ** Includes banks and non-bank financials 2011 2014 -5 -10 1994 1999 2004 15 2009 -10 2014 Sources: ABS; APRA; ASX; RBA Sources: ASX; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 26 Exchange Rates Australian Dollar TWI* index index 80 80 Real Official Reserve Assets A$b 80 80 Gross 60 70 A$b 60 70 40 60 60 Nominal 50 40 1984 * 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 50 40 2014 May 1970 = 100 for nominal; real indexed to equate post-float averages Sources: ABS; RBA; Thomson Reuters; WM/Reuters 20 A$b RBA net purchases of foreign exchange** 4 200 US$, euro 1.60 Yen per A$ (LHS) US$ per A$ Euro per A$* 2 0 0 -2 -2 50 1984 * 1989 1994 1999 1.20 A$b 4 2 2 0 0 -2 -2 -4 1998 2002 2006 2010 -4 2014 Excludes foreign exchange swaps ** Includes market, government and other outright transactions, excludes swap deliveries *** Data up to 30 June 2014; a positive value indicates a purchase of foreign exchange, while a negative value indicates a sale of foreign exchange Source: RBA (RHS) (RHS) 100 A$b 4 2 * 150 20 Net* A$b RBA foreign exchange market intervention transactions*** 4 Australian Dollar against US Dollar, Euro and Yen yen 40 0.80 2004 2009 0.40 2014 ECU per A$ until 31 December 1998 Sources: Thomson Reuters; WM/Reuters Chart Pack | October 2014 27 Exchange Rates US Dollar against Euro and Yen yen US$ Selected Asian Currencies against the US Dollar 31 January 2000 = 100 index 250 0.9 210 1.3 US$ per euro* (RHS, inverted scale) 170 1.7 130 2.1 Yen per US$ (LHS) 90 50 1984 * 2.5 1990 1996 2002 2008 2.9 2014 March quarter 1999 = 100 index index Yen 120 120 100 100 80 US dollar 60 120 2002 Thailand Malaysia 100 100 India 80 80 60 Indonesia 40 2002 2006 2006 2010 60 2014 2010 60 40 2014 Bloomberg Chinese Renminbi index 120 Nominal effective exchange rate (LHS, 2010 average = 100) 110 yuan 6.0 6.5 100 7.0 90 7.5 80 Euro 140 South Korea 120 Source: Nominal TWI 80 Singapore 140 US$ per ECU until 31 December 1998 Sources: Bloomberg; Eurostat index Yuan per US$ (RHS, inverted scale) 70 60 2002 2006 2010 8.0 8.5 9.0 2014 Sources: BIS; Bloomberg; RBA Sources: BIS; Bloomberg; Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 28 Banking Indicators Bank Profitability* Bank Profits Profits after tax Major banks* $b Bad and doubtful debt charge $b Major banks* 12 12 Institutions operating in Australia Return on shareholders’ equity % % Post-tax and minority interests 20 20 10 6 6 10 Regional banks 0 0 Major banks % $b Regional banks** $b Regional banks** 0.5 0.5 Per cent of average assets 1.5 0.0 1.0 1.0 Regional banks 0.0 1988 * $b Foreign-owned banks*** Foreign-owned banks*** 1.6 $b 1.5 Major banks 0.5 0.0 % Change for bad and doubtful debts 1993 1998 2003 0.5 0.0 2013 2008 From 2006 data are on an IFRS basis; prior years are on an AGAAP basis; includes St. George and, from 2009, Bankwest Sources: Banks’ Annual and Interim Reports; RBA 1.6 na 0.0 -1.6 2007 2011 na 2007 2011 Major Banks’ Net Interest Margin* 0.0 -1.6 2015 Domestic, half-yearly % % 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 Actual Actual Analysts' forecasts Analysts' forecasts ANZ, NAB and Westpac report half yearly to March and September, while CBA reports to June and December ** Suncorp Bank and Bendigo and Adelaide Bank report half yearly to June and December, while Bank of Queensland reports to February and August *** All results are half year to June and December Sources: APRA; Banks’ Annual and Interim Reports; Credit Suisse; Deutsche Bank; Nomura Equity Research; RBA; UBS Securities Australia * 1.5 2002 * 2006 2010 1.5 2014 From 2006 data are on an IFRS basis; prior years are on AGAAP basis; excludes St George Bank and Bankwest prior to the first half of 2009 Sources: Banks’ Financial Reports; RBA Chart Pack | October 2014 29 Banking Indicators Banks’ Non-performing Assets Consolidated global operations, share of on-balance sheet assets % % Total* 6 Banks’ Non-performing Assets Domestic books, share of loans by type % % 5 5 4 4 6 Business and other* 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 Impaired 0 1994 * 1999 2004 2009 0 2014 Capital Ratios* Locally incorporated banks 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 0 Includes lending to financial businesses, bills and debt securities APRA Funding Composition of Banks in Australia* Consolidated global operations % Housing 2004 Source: APRA 1 Total* 0 * Includes assets 90+ days past due that are well secured Source: Personal 1 % Other ADIs Credit unions Share of total funding % % Domestic deposits 50 15 50 15 40 Total 40 Short-term debt** 10 Tier 1 10 Building societies 5 Tier 2 0 1994 * 2004 1994 2004 0 2014 Per cent of risk-weighted assets; break in March 2008 due to the introduction of Basel II for most ADIs; break in March 2013 due to the introduction of Basel III for all ADIs; June 2014 data for Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital ratios have been withheld by APRA to maintain confidentiality Source: 30 20 Common Equity Tier 1 5 30 Long-term debt 20 Equity 10 0 10 Securitisation 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 * Adjusted for movements in foreign exchange rates; tenor of debt is estimated on a residual maturity basis ** Includes deposits and intragroup funding from non-residents 0 Sources: APRA; RBA; Standard & Poor’s APRA Chart Pack | October 2014 30
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