Menu Print Lesson Name ___________________________________________________ Date _________________ Class _____________ CHAPTER 18 REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEET Stella Star, Ace Reporter Complete this worksheet after reading Chapter 18, Section 1. Stella Star, a reporter for the Back in Times, has spent the entire day interviewing scientists for an article she is writing on the history of astronomy. She interviewed Ptolemy, Kepler, Copernicus, Newton, Galileo, Brahe, and Herschel. When Stella looked over her notes, she discovered that she forgot to indicate which scientist said what. Help Stella get her notes organized by identifying the scientist most likely to have said each statement in an interview. Write your answer in the space provided. 1. “I’ve finally worked out an explanation as to why planets orbit the sun and moons orbit planets. It is gravity that keeps an object in orbit!” 2. “The Earth is the center of the universe, and all of the planets and stars orbit our planet. How do I know? Well, my theory predicts the motion of the planets better than any other theory of my day.” Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 3. “With a telescope I have found many fuzzy patches in the sky. I’m not really sure what they are, but I’m plotting their positions in a catalog. By the way, I hate to brag, but I was the one who discovered Uranus.” 4. “I prefer the theory of the sun-centered universe over other theories. This handy device called a telescope has helped me to discover that the planets are not just dots of light, but physical bodies like the Earth.” 5. “After several years of very precise observations, I conclude that our universe is Earth-centered. Furthermore, the sun and the moon revolve around the Earth, while the other planets revolve around the sun.” 6. “For centuries people have been thinking that the Earth is at the universe’s center, but I’m certain that it is, in fact, the sun at its center. And, though it is not an accepted theory these days, I am certain that the planets orbit the sun.” 7. “I do not agree with my mentor’s theory that the sun revolves around the Earth. I have used his precise data to propose another theory in which all of the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.” REINFORCEMENT & VOCABULARY REVIEW WORKSHEETS 61 Menu Print Lesson Name ___________________________________________________ Date _________________ Class _____________ CHAPTER 18 VOCABULARY REVIEW WORKSHEET Stellar Humor After you finish Chapter 18, give this puzzle a try! In each statement below, the underlined term is incorrect. Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of the statement. The circled letters will spell out the answer to the joke at the bottom of the page. 1. A section of the sky that contains a recognizable star pattern is called a(n) C O N S T E L L A T circumpolar star. 2. Astronomers measure angular ascension eastward from the vernal equinox. R I 3. A(n) month is the time it takes the Earth to orbit the sun once. Y E A R 4. A(n) leap year is a unit of length equal to about 9.46 trillion kilometers. L I 5. A(n) constellation is a system for organizing time. C A L 6. The amount of time it takes for the Earth to rotate once on its axis is a(n) year. D A Y 7. A(n) day is the amount of time it takes for the moon to orbit the Earth once. M O N T H 8. The celestial pole is an imaginary circle created by extending Earth’s equator into space. E Q U A T O R 9. A(n) refracting telescope uses curved mirrors to focus light. R E F L E 10. A(n) altitude is an imaginary point in the sky directly above an observer on Earth. Z E N I T H 11. Astrology is the study of all physical objects beyond Earth. A S T R O N O M Y 12. An object’s declination is the angle between the object and the horizon. A L T 62 H A D H O R HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY I Z O N O N G H T G H T - Y E A R I C T I T U D E I T ! N G Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. E N D A R Joke: How did the astronomer know when the sun came up? S H E I Menu Print Lesson Name ___________________________________________________ Date _________________ Class _____________ CHAPTER 18 REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEET Stella Star, Ace Reporter Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Complete this worksheet after reading Chapter 18, Section 1. Stella Star, a reporter for the Back in Times, has spent the entire day interviewing scientists for an article she is writing on the history of astronomy. She interviewed Ptolemy, Kepler, Copernicus, Newton, Galileo, Brahe, and Herschel. When Stella looked over her notes, she discovered that she forgot to indicate which scientist said what. Help Stella get her notes organized by identifying the scientist most likely to have said each statement in an interview. Write your answer in the space provided. 1. “I’ve finally worked out an explanation as to why planets orbit the sun and moons orbit planets. It is gravity that keeps an object in orbit!” Newton 2. “The Earth is the center of the universe, and all of the planets and stars orbit our planet. How do I know? Well, my theory predicts the motion of the planets better than any other theory of my day.” Ptolemy 3. “With a telescope I have found many fuzzy patches in the sky. I’m not really sure what they are, but I’m plotting their positions in a catalog. By the way, I hate to brag, but I was the one who discovered Uranus.” Herschel 4. “I prefer the theory of the sun-centered universe over other theories. This handy device called a telescope has helped me to discover that the planets are not just dots of light, but physical bodies like the Earth.” Galileo 5. “After several years of very precise observations, I conclude that our universe is Earth-centered. Furthermore, the sun and the moon revolve around the Earth, while the other planets revolve around the sun.” Brahe 6. “For centuries people have been thinking that the Earth is at the universe’s center, but I’m certain that it is, in fact, the sun at its center. And, though it is not an accepted theory these days, I am certain that the planets orbit the sun.” 7. “I do not agree with my mentor’s theory that the sun revolves around the Earth. I have used his precise data to propose another theory in which all of the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.” Copernicus Kepler REINFORCEMENT & VOCABULARY REVIEW WORKSHEETS 61 Menu Print Lesson Name ___________________________________________________ Date _________________ Class _____________ CHAPTER 18 VOCABULARY REVIEW WORKSHEET Stellar Humor After you finish Chapter 18, give this puzzle a try! In each statement below, the underlined term is incorrect. Write the correct term in the boxes to the right of the statement. The circled letters will spell out the answer to the joke at the bottom of the page. 1. A section of the sky that contains a recognizable star pattern is called a(n) C O N S T E L L A T circumpolar star. 2. Astronomers measure angular ascension eastward from the vernal equinox. R I 3. A(n) month is the time it takes the Earth to orbit the sun once. Y E A R 4. A(n) leap year is a unit of length equal to about 9.46 trillion kilometers. L I 5. A(n) constellation is a system for organizing time. C A L 6. The amount of time it takes for the Earth to rotate once on its axis is a(n) year. D A Y 7. A(n) day is the amount of time it takes for the moon to orbit the Earth once. M O N T H 8. The celestial pole is an imaginary circle created by extending Earth’s equator into space. E Q U A T O R 9. A(n) refracting telescope uses curved mirrors to focus light. R E F L E 10. A(n) altitude is an imaginary point in the sky directly above an observer on Earth. Z E N I T H 11. Astrology is the study of all physical objects beyond Earth. A S T R O N O M Y 12. An object’s declination is the angle between the object and the horizon. A L T 62 H A D H O R HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY I Z O N O N G H T G H T - Y E A R I C T I T U D E I T ! N G Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. E N D A R Joke: How did the astronomer know when the sun came up? S H E I