1. science
2. medicine
3. surgery
4. cosmetic surgery

Card #1
Template for Letter Recognition (Name) Review
Steps
Explanation/Script
TASK
Letter/name review
PREPARATION
Write the letters from the Lesson Map on the board.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to elicit
unison student responses.
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student
response
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain
the task to students prior
to starting the activity.
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired response to
the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
KNOWLEDGE APPEARS
TO BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
Do
Touch just to
the left of the
letter.
2 seconds
Tap under
letter.
Say
Name?
Say: You’re going to practice saying the names for some
letters. When I touch next to a letter, figure out the name
in your head. Say the name of the letter when I tap under
it.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model how to say the name of the first two letters.
My turn.
Model, using the signaling procedure above, with only teacher
responding.
Say: Your turn.
Use the signaling procedure above with only students responding.
To correct students:
Say: My turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only teacher responding to
correct students on missed item.
Say: Your turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only students responding.
Back up two letters and continue.
When the group is answering all items correctly, provide individual
turns as a check. Call on several students for one letter each. Call
on students in an unpredictable order. Call more frequently on
students who made errors. If a student makes an error on an
individual turn, you may provide the Correction Procedure with all
students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #2
Template for Letter/Sound Review
Steps
Explanation/Script
TASK
Letter/sound review
PREPARATION
Write letters from the Lesson Map on the board.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to elicit
unison student responses.
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student
response
Do
Touch just to
left of letter.
2 seconds
Tap/touch
under letter*.
Say
Sound?
* Tap under stop sounds, touch for two seconds under continuous sounds.
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain
the task to students prior
to starting the activity.
Say: You’re going to practice saying the sounds for some
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired response to
the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model how to say the sound of the first two letters
letters. When I touch next to a letter, figure out the sound
in your head. When I touch under the letter say the sound
as long as I continue to touch under the letter.
when I touch under them. My turn.
Model, using the signaling procedure above, with only teacher
responding.
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
KNOWLEDGE APPEARS
TO BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
Say: Your turn.
Use the signaling procedure above with only students responding.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Say: My turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only teacher responding to
correct students on missed item.
Say: Your turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only students responding.
Back up two letters and continue.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Call on several
students for one sound each. Call on students in an unpredictable
order. Call more frequently on students who made errors.
If a student makes an error on an individual turn, you may provide
the Correction Procedure with all students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #3
Steps
Template for Practicing Word Reading
(regular and irregular words)
TASK
Explanation/Script
Regular and irregular word reading
PREPARATION
Write words from the Lesson Map on the board.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to elicit
unison student responses.
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student
response
Do
Touch just to the
left of word.
2 seconds
Slide hand under
word quickly.
Say
Word?
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain
the task to students prior
to starting the activity.
Say: You’re going to practice reading words. When I touch
just to the left of a word, figure out the word in your head.
When I slide my hand under the word, say the word.
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired response to
the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model how to say the first two words when I slide
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
KNOWLEDGE APPEARS
TO BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
my hand under them. My turn.
Model, using the signaling procedure above, with only teacher
responding.
Say: Your turn.
Use the signaling procedure above with only students responding.
To correct students for regular words:
Say: My turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only teacher responding to
correct students on missed item.
Say: Your turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only students responding. Then
use one of the following routines on the missed word:
1. Sound-by-Sound Blending (Card 8)
2. Continuous Blending (Card 9)
3. Word Reading-Spelling Focused (Card 10)
Back up two words and continue.
To correct students for irregular words:
Say: My turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only teacher responding.
Say: Your turn. Word? ______. Spell ______. Tap under each
letter as students spell the word aloud. Word? ______.
Back up two words and continue.
Continued on next page
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Point to the left of any
word, pause two seconds, say a student’s name, then slide hand
swiftly under word. Call on students in an unpredictable order. Call
more frequently on students who made errors. If a student makes
an error on an individual turn, you may provide the Correction
Procedure with all students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #4
Template for Onset-Rime Blending Instruction
Steps
Explanation/Script
TASK
Onset-Rime Blending
PREPARATION
Have white board marker with green cap and words from Lesson Map
available.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to elicit
unison student responses.
Focus
Wait time
Signal for
student
response
Do
nTap green cap of
whiteboard marker.
oTap white part of marker.
None
Quickly slide finger above
marker from left to right
from student perspective.
Say
n/k/
o/at/
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain the
task to students prior to
starting the activity.
Say: You’re going to put together the first sound(s) and the end
part of a word to make a whole word. I'll tap the marker as I
say the parts. When I slide my finger above the marker, you say
the word.
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired response to
the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model two words for you. I’ll say the first sound(s) and
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
UNDERSTANDING
APPEARS TO BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
the end part, then I’ll say the whole word. My turn.
Model, using the signaling procedure above, with only teacher
responding.
Say: Your turn.
Use the signaling procedure above with only students responding.
To correct students:
Say: My turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only teacher responding to correct
students on missed item.
Say: Your turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only students responding.
Back up two words and continue.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Call on several students for
one word each. Call on students in an unpredictable order. Call more
frequently on students who made errors. If a student makes an error on
an individual turn, you may provide the Correction Procedure with all
students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #5
Template for Phoneme Blending Instruction
Steps
Explanation/Script
TASK
Phoneme blending
PREPRATION
Prepare chains of 2, 3, 4, and 5 cubes prior to lesson. Have words
from Lesson Map available.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to elicit
unison student responses.
Focus
Wait time
Signal for
student
response
Do
Tap one cube as you say each
sound from left to right from
student perspective; one
second between each sound.
None
Quickly slide finger above cubes
from left to right from student
perspective
Say
/k/ /a/ /t/
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain the
task to students prior to
starting the activity.
Say: You’re going to practice blending individual sounds to
make words. I’ll tap a cube as I say each sound in the word.
When I slide my finger above the cubes you’ll say the whole
word.
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired response to
the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model for you how to blend the sounds I say into a
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
UNDERSTANDING
APPEARS TO BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
word. I’ll model two words. My turn.
Model, using the signaling procedure above, with only teacher
responding.
Say: Your turn.
Use the signaling procedure above with only students responding.
To correct students:
Say: My turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only teacher responding to
correct students on missed item.
Say: Your turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only students responding.
Back up two words and continue.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Call on several
students for one word each. Call on students in an unpredictable
order. Call more frequently on students who made errors. If a
student makes an error on an individual turn, you may provide the
Correction Procedure with all students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #6
Template for Phoneme Segmentation
Steps
Explanation/Script
IDENTIFY TASK
Phoneme Segmenting
PREPARATION
Have words from Lesson Map available.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to
elicit unison student
responses.
Focus
Wait time
Signal for
student
response
Do
Hold up a closed fist,
fingers facing you.
None
Every second hold up one
finger in a left to right
progression from student
perspective for every
sound in the word.
Pan.
Say
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain
the task to students prior
to starting the activity.
Say: You’re going to practice saying the sounds in words. I’ll
say a word. Each time I hold up a finger, you’ll say a sound in
the word.
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired response
to the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model how to say the sounds in two words. I’ll say a
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
UNDERSTANDING
APPEARS TO BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
Say: Your turn.
Use the signaling procedure above with only students responding.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Say: My turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only teacher responding to correct
students on missed item.
Say: Your turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only students responding. Back up
two words and continue.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
sound each time I hold up a finger. My turn.
Model, using the signaling procedure above, with only teacher
responding.
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Call on several students
for one word each. Call on students in an unpredictable order. Call
more frequently on students who made errors. If a student makes an
error on an individual turn, you may provide the Correction Procedure
with all students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #7
Template for Sound/Spelling Review
Steps
Explanation/Script
TASK
Sound/spelling review
PREPARATION
Write spellings from the Lesson Map on the board.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to elicit
unison student responses.
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student
response
Do
Touch just to
the left of the
spelling.
2 seconds
Tap under
spelling.
Say
Sound?
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain
the task to students prior
to starting the activity.
Say: You’re going to practice saying the sounds for some
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired response to
the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model how to say the sounds of the first two
spellings. When I touch next to a spelling, figure out the
sound in your head. When I tap under the spelling, say the
sound.
spellings. My turn.
Model, using the signaling procedure above, with only teacher
responding.
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
KNOWLEDGE APPEARS
TO BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
Say: Your turn.
Use the signaling procedure above with only students responding.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Say: My turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only teacher responding.
Say: Your turn.
Use signaling procedure above with only students responding.
Back up two spellings and continue.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Call on several
students for one spelling each. Call on students in an unpredictable
order. Call more frequently on students who made errors. If a
student makes an error on an individual turn, you may provide the
Correction Procedure with all students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #8
Template for Sound-by-Sound Blending
Steps
Explanation/Script
TASK
Sound-by-Sound Blending
PREPARATION
Have words from Lesson Map available.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to
elicit unison student
responses.
Sound/Spellings
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student response
Blending**
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student response
Do
Write spelling.
None
Say
Sound?
Tap under
spelling.*
Do
Touch just to the
left of first spelling.
None
Sweep finger under
spellings.
Say
Blend.
Word Reading
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student response
Touch just to the
left of word.
None
Slide hand quickly
under word.
Word?
* If spelling has two letters, point with two fingers together.
**Blend after two spellings have been written. Blend after each additional spelling is
presented.
EXAMPLE
1. Write m on board. Say: Sound? Tap under m.
2. Write a on board: ma. Say: Sound? Tap under a.
3. Touch just to left of ma. Say: Blend. Sweep under m and a.
4. Write s on board: mas. Say: Sound? Tap under s.
5. Touch just to left of mas. Say: Blend. Sweep under m, a, s.
6. Write k on board: mask. Say: Sound? Tap under k.
7. Touch just to left of mask. Say: Blend. Sweep finger under the
letters.
8. Touch just to left of mask. Say: Word? Slide hand swiftly under
the word.
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain
the task to students prior
to starting the activity.
Say: You're going to blend sounds to make words. When I
tap under a spelling say the sound. When I sweep my hand
under the spellings, blend the sounds. After you blend all the
sounds, you'll say the word.
2. MODEL TASK
Model desired response to
the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model how to blend two words. My turn.
Model, using the signaling procedure above, with only teacher
responding.
Continued on next page
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
KNOWLEDGE APPEARS
TO BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
Say: Your turn.
Use the above signaling procedure with only students responding.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Sound Error:
• Say: My turn. Use signaling procedure above (without rewriting
missed spelling) with only teacher responding to correct students
on missed sound.
• Say: Your turn. Use signaling procedure above with only
students responding.
• Erase letters. Say: Let's start over. Re-present word.
Blending or Word Error:
• Say: My turn. Use signaling procedure above with only teacher
responding to correct students on missed item.
• Say: Your turn. Use signaling procedure above with only
students responding.
• Finish word.
• Erase missed word.
• Back up two words and continue.
• Re-present missed word using all steps in signaling procedure
with only students responding.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Call on several students
for one word each. Call on students in an unpredictable order. Call
more frequently on students who made errors. If a student makes an
error on an individual turn, you may provide the Correction
Procedure with all students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Template for Continuous Blending
Card #9
Steps
Explanation/Script
TASK
Continuous Blending
PREPARATION
Write words from Lesson Map on board.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to
elicit unison student
responses.
Blending
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student
response
Word Reading
Focus
Wait time
Signal for student
response
Do
Touch just to the left of word*.
1 second
Loop finger quickly from letter
to letter. Touch under each
letter for 1-2 seconds for
continuous sounds and an
instant for stop sounds.**
Say
Blend.
Touch just to the left of word.
None
Slide hand quickly under word.
Word?
* For words beginning with a stop sound start by pointing under the first letter.
** For words that contain letters that make stop sounds in the middle or at the end of the
word, move quickly off of those letters.
EXAMPLE
1. Write slam on board.
2. Touch just to left of the s.
3. Say: Blend.
4. Loop finger quickly from letter to letter. Touch under each letter for
1-2 seconds. Students should say sound as long as you touch under
each letter.
5. Touch just to the left of slam.
6. Say: Word.
7. Slide hand under entire word quickly.
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain
the task to students prior
to starting the activity.
2. MODEL TASK
Model desired response
to the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
Say: You're going to blend sounds to make words. When I touch
under a letter you’ll say the sound for that letter. You'll blend the
sounds into a word. When you blend, don’t stop between the
sounds. After you blend all the sounds, you'll say the whole
word.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model how to blend two words. My turn.
Model for students, using the signaling procedure above, with only
teacher responding.
Continued on next page
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLEGROUP RESPONSES
UNTIL KNOWLEDGE
APPEARS SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
Say: Your turn.
Use the signaling procedure above with only students responding.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Sound/Blending Error:
• Stop and say: My turn. Use signaling procedure above with only
teacher responding to correct students on missed sound.
• Say: Your turn. Use signaling procedure above with only students
responding.
• Say: Let's start over. Re-present word.
Word Error:
• Say: My turn. Use signaling procedure above with only teacher
responding to correct students on missed item.
• Say: Your turn. Use signaling procedure above with only students
responding.
• Back up two words and continue.
• Re-present missed word using all steps in signaling procedure with
only students responding.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Call on several students for
one word each. Call on students in an unpredictable order. Call more
frequently on students who made errors. If a student makes an error on
an individual turn, you may provide the Correction Procedure with all
students responding.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #10
Template for Word Reading―Spelling Focused
Steps
Explanation/Script
TASK
Spelling focused word reading
PREPARATION
Write words from Lesson Map on board.
SIGNALING PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to elicit
unison student responses.
Sound/Spelling
Focus
Wait time
Signal for
student response
Word reading
Focus
Wait time
Signal for
student response
Do
Touch under focus spelling*.
1 second
Tap under spelling.
Say
Sound?
Touch just to the left of
word.
2 seconds
Slide hand swiftly under
word.
Word?
* If spelling has two letters, touch with two fingers together.
EXAMPLE
1. Write join on board.
2. Touch with two fingers together under oi and say: Sound?
3. Tap under oi spelling with two fingers together to prompt
students to say /oy/.
4. Touch just to the left of word and say: Word? Pause two
seconds.
5. Slide hand swiftly under whole word to prompt students to say
join.
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and explain the
task to students prior to
starting the activity.
Say: Today you’ll be reading words. First you’ll say the sound
for a spelling. Then you’ll say the word.
2. MODEL TASK
Model desired response to
the task with several
examples using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll model how to read two words. My turn.
Model for students, using the signaling procedure above, with only
teacher responding.
3. PROVIDE PRACTICE
USING WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES UNTIL
KNOWLEDGE APPEARS TO
BE SOLID
Use effective signaling,
monitoring, and pacing
procedures.
Say: Your turn.
Provide practice using the above signaling procedure with only
students responding.
Continued on next page
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Sound Error:
• Say: My turn. Use signaling procedure above with only teacher
responding to correct students on missed sound.
• Say: Your turn. Use signaling procedure above with only students
responding.
• Say: Let's start over. Re-present word.
Word Error:
• Say: My turn. Use signaling procedure above with only teacher
responding to correct students on missed word.
• Say: Your turn. Use signaling procedure above with only students
responding.
• Back up two words and continue.
• Re-present missed word using all steps in signaling procedure with
only students responding.
5. INDIVIDUAL TURNS
When it appears that the group is consistently answering all items
correctly, provide individual turns as a check. Call on several students
for one word each. Call on students in an unpredictable order. Call
more frequently on students who made errors. If a student makes an
error on an individual turn, you may provide the Correction Procedure
with all students responding.
FOR WORDS WITH MORE
THAN ONE SYLLABLE, SEE
SAMPLES PROVIDED WITH
YOUR TEAMPLATES
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #11
Template for Reading Predecodable and Decodable
Text―Introductory
Steps
TASK
PREPARATION
DESCRIPTION OF
SIGNALING
PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to
elicit unison student
responses.
Explanation/Script
Reading predecodable and decodable text
Recommended time for use: (1) As soon as program introduces
predecodables (grade K) and (2) When students can read CVC words on
board with approximately 80% accuracy (grade 1).
Prepare a copy of the story specified in the Lesson Map for each student.
Do
Focus
Say
1. Touch under the
first/next word
2. Think.
Wait time
3 seconds
Signal for student
response
3. Word?
4. Tap
Example
(Page 1) “My cat!” said Jan. “I can not pat it.”
(Page 2) “Pat the rat,” said a man. Jan ran to pat it. “I can!” said Jan.
• Say: Touch under the first word. Students touch under My.
Teacher monitors.
• Say: Think (pause 3 seconds).
Say: Word? and immediately tap. Students say My.
• After students respond, say: Next word. Students touch under cat.
Teacher monitors.
• Say: Think (pause 3 seconds).
Say: Word? and immediately tap. Students say cat.
• Repeat the same procedure for each word in the sentence.
• When the students have read a sentence correctly, the teacher reads
the sentence naturally to students. Teacher reads, “My cat!” said
Jan.
• Repeat the same procedure for each sentence.
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and
explain the task to
students prior to
starting the activity.
Say: We’re going to read a story together.
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired
response to the task
with several examples
using signaling
procedure above.
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll show you how to read the first sentence. My turn.
Use the signaling procedure above to model reading the first sentence of
text with only teacher responding.
Continued on next page
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
3. PROVIDE
PRACTICE USING
WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES Elicit
whole-group
responses
Say: Your turn.
Using the signaling procedure above, have students read the text with
only students responding.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Say: My turn. Word? ____. Your turn. Word? ____ Go back to
the beginning of the sentence.
See appendix for further explanation of correction procedures.
5. INDIVIDUAL
TURNS TO FOCUS
ON ACCURACY
When the group has read the story correctly, provide individual turns.
Call on individual students to read one sentence at a time, while other
students read along silently. Provide motivation for accurate reading. Call
on all students to read in an unpredictable order. Praise correct
responses. If you have students who make multiple errors, call on them
for sentences that contain easier words. Have these students reread the
decodable text again later in small groups. If a student makes an error
on an individual turn, you may provide the Correction Procedure with all
students responding.
6. PRACTICE TO
BUILD FLUENCY
Use one of the following options to have students reread the story at
least two more times:
1. Provide extra choral reading practice using the signaling procedure.
2. Provide extra individual turn reading practice using the signaling
procedure.
3. Partner Read – Students read with a partner following procedure
below.*
*Note: Use option 3 only if students read accurately at this level.
Say: You’re going to practice reading a story with a partner.
When you are the listener, touch under each word your partner
is reading and read along silently to yourself. If the reader
makes a mistake, say the correct word. When you are the reader
and your partner corrects you, repeat the correct word. Then go
back to the beginning of the sentence and read the sentence
again. Take turns reading pages with your partner.
During partner reading, each student should have their own copy of the
book. Teacher moves from pair to pair listening and monitoring.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #12
Template for Reading Decodable Text―Intermediate
Steps
Explanation/Script
Reading decodable text
Recommended time for use:
• When students can read at about 20 words per minute in their
current decodable with at least 90 percent accuracy on the first read.
PREPARATION
Prepare a copy of the story specified in the Lesson Map for each student.
TASK
DESCRIPTION OF
SIGNALING
PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals to
elicit unison student
responses.
Do
Focus
Say
1. Touch under the first
word of the sentence.
2. Think.
Wait time
Signal for
student
response
3 seconds
3. Read.
4. Tap (continue tapping
every 3 seconds for each
word in sentence).
(Say nothing for all other
words in the sentence.)
Example
(Page 1) “My cat!” said Jan. “I can not pat it.”
(Page 2) “Pat the rat,” said a man.
(Page 3) Jan ran to pat it. “I can!” said Jan.
(Page 4) “I can pat the rat.”
• Say: Touch under the first word of the sentence. Students touch
under My.
• Say: Think (pause 3 seconds). Teacher monitors.
Say: Read and immediately tap. Students say My.
• Continue to tap every three seconds to signal students to read the
next word. (Note: In this option, the teacher does not say anything
while students are reading the sentence. The teacher just taps to
signal students to read each word.) “…cat!” said Jan.
• When the students have read a sentence correctly, the teacher reads
the sentence naturally to students. Teacher reads, “My cat!” said
Jan.
• Repeat the same procedure for each sentence.
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and
explain the task to
students prior to
starting the activity.
Say: We’re going to read a story together.
Continued on next page
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
2. MODEL RESPONSE
Model desired
response to the task
with several examples
using signaling
procedure above.
3. PROVIDE
PRACTICE USING
WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES Elicit
whole-group
response.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll show you how to read the first sentence. My turn. Use
the signaling procedure to model reading the first sentence of text with
only teacher responding.
Say: Your turn. Using the signaling procedure above, have students
read the text with only students responding.
To correct students:
Say: My turn. Word? ____. Your turn. Word?_____ Go back to
the beginning of the sentence.
See Appendix for further explanation of correction procedure.
5. INDIVIDUAL
TURNS TO FOCUS
ON ACCURACY
When the group has read the story correctly, provide individual turns.
Call on individual students to read one sentence at a time, while other
students read along silently touching under each word being read. Keep
track of errors. Provide motivation for accurate reading. Call on all
students to read in an unpredictable order.* Praise correct responses. If
a student makes an error on an individual turn, you may provide the
Correction Procedure with all students responding.
*If you have students who make multiple errors, call on them for
sentences that contain easier words. Have these students reread the
decodable text again later in small groups.
6. PRACTICE TO
BUILD FLUENCY
Use one of the following options to have students reread the story at
least two more times:
1. Provide extra choral reading practice using the signaling procedure
above.
2. Provide extra individual turn reading practice using the signaling
procedure above.
3. Partner Read – Students read with a partner following procedure
below.
Say: You’re going to practice reading a story with a partner.
When you are the listener, touch under each word your partner
is reading and read along silently to yourself. If the reader
makes a mistake, say the correct word. When you are the reader
and your partner corrects you, repeat the correct word. Then go
back to the beginning of the sentence and read the sentence
again. Take turns reading pages with your partner.
During partner reading, each student should have their own copy of the
book. Teacher moves from pair to pair listening and monitoring.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #13
Template for Reading Decodable Text ―Advanced 1
(Transitional)
Steps
TASK
Explanation/Script
Reading decodable text
Recommended time for use:
• When students can read at about 30 words per minute with current
decodable text with about 95% accuracy on the first read.
Prepare a copy of the story specified in the Lesson Map for each student.
Do
PREPARATION
DESCRIPTION OF
SIGNALING
PROCEDURE
Use appropriate signals
to elicit unison student
responses.
Focus
Wait time
Say
Touch under the first
word of the page
(pause). Read the
page to yourself.
Monitor and allow
sufficient time for
slightly below grade
level students to read
the page.
Signal for student
response
Stop. Go back to the
top of the page
(pause). Touch under
the first word
(pause).
Read.
Tap every 1-2 seconds
to set the pace.*
*Teacher taps at a rate of about a word each 2 seconds when first introducing this
template. As students become more fluent, teacher increases the rate at which students
read by decreasing the pause between each tap. The teacher can tell what an appropriate
pace is by testing some middle and lower performers individually.
Caution: If one or two students read significantly slower, signal at a pace that is
appropriate for the mid level students and provide extra practice for the low
performers. For medium and low performing students, this is an important and
dangerous time. If you go too fast, they may guess and abandon word attack
skills.
Example
(Page 1) Dad and I walk to the park. We take large steps that lead to
the grass.
(Page 2) We see dogs. These dogs jump and bark. We see them catch
balls and roll over.
(Page 3) A baby wakes up from its nap. Her mother picks her up.
Say: Touch under the first word of the page. Monitor. Read the
page to yourself. Pause for an appropriate length of time.
After students have read to themselves, say: Stop. Go back to the top
of the page. Touch under the first word. Pause. Read (tap).
Repeat the procedure until all text has been read.
Continued on next page
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and
explain the task to
students prior to
starting the
activity.
Say: You’re going to read this story a page at a time.
2. MODEL
RESPONSE
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll show you how to read the first page. My turn. Use the
signaling procedure to model reading the first sentence of text with only
teacher responding. Model reading with expression even though slowly.
3. PROVIDE
PRACTICE
USING WHOLEGROUP
RESPONSES Elicit
whole-group
responses.
Say: Your turn.
Using the signaling procedure above, have students read the decodable
text with only students responding.*
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Say: My turn. Word? ____. Your turn. Word?____ Go back to the
5. INDIVIDUAL
TURNS TO
FOCUS ON
ACCURACY
When the group has read the story correctly, provide individual turns.
Call on individual students to read a sentence or two at a time, while
other students read along silently touching under each word being read.
Establish a group goal for each page of making no more than three
errors per hundred words (97% accuracy). Provide correction procedure
and have students reread any page they read with less than 97%
accuracy (more than 3 per 100 words). Provide motivation for accurate
reading. Call on all students to read in an unpredictable order. Praise
correct responses.
6. PRACTICE TO
BUILD FLUENCY
*Option: After reach paragraph, teacher may read text aloud to
students.
beginning of the sentence.
See Appendix for procedure to use for fluency practice.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #14
Steps
TASK
Briefly name and
explain the task to
students prior to
starting the activity.
PREPARATION
DESCRIPTION OF
SIGNALING
PROCEDURE
Use appropriate
signals to elicit unison
student responses.
Template for Reading Text—Advanced 2
Explanation/Script
Reading text
Recommended time for use:
• Students reading about 60 wpm in previously unseen text with 95%
accuracy (typically by early-to-mid second grade for children who are
progressing at grade level).
• The purpose is to increase fluency while maintaining accuracy.
Prepare a copy of the story specified in the Lesson Map for each student.
Do
Focus
Wait time
Say
Touch under the first
word of the page
(pause). Read the
page to yourself.
Monitor and allow
sufficient time for
slightly below grade
level students to read
the page.
Signal for
student
response
Stop. Go back to the
top of the page
(pause). Touch under
the first word (pause).
Read.
Teacher chorally reads
the text with students,
one word per second.*
*Teacher reads at a rate of about 1 word per second when introducing this template. As
students become more fluent, teacher increases the rate.
1. EXPLAIN TASK
Briefly name and
explain the task to
students prior to
starting the activity.
Say: You’ll read this story a page at a time. First you’ll read the
page to yourself, then we'll read the page together.
2. MODEL
RESPONSE
(Model only the first couple of times you do this template.)
Say: I’ll show you how to read the first paragraph. My turn. Use
the signaling procedure to model reading the first paragraph of text with
only teacher responding.
3. PROVIDE
PRACTICE USING
WHOLE-GROUP
RESPONSES Elicit
whole-group
responses.
Say: Your turn.
Using the signaling procedure above, have students read the decodable
text with teacher and students responding.
Continued on next page
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
4. CORRECTION
PROCEDURE
To correct students:
Say: My turn. Word? ____. Your turn. Word?____ Go back to the
beginning of the sentence.
5. INDIVIDUAL
TURNS TO FOCUS
ON ACCURACY
When the group has read the story correctly, provide individual turns.
Call on individual students to read a sentence or two at a time, while
other students read along silently touching under each word being read.
Establish a group goal for each page of making no more than 3 errors
per hundred words (97% accuracy). Provide correction procedure and
have students reread any page where they read with less than 97%
accuracy (more than 3 errors per 100 words). Provide motivation for
accurate reading. Call on all students to read in an unpredictable order.
Praise correct responses. If a student makes an error on an individual
turn, you may provide the Correction Procedure with all students
responding.
6. PRACTICE TO
BUILD FLUENCY
See Appendix for procedure to use for fluency practice.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card #15 Procedure for Strategy Instruction
Use the outline below to guide your strategy instruction.
Explain/Direct Definition
ƒ
Explain to students or review what the strategy is and its purpose.
ƒ
Refer to list of reading strategies posted in classroom.
Model
ƒ
Demonstrate the strategy for students using a think aloud while interacting with the
text.
ƒ
Clarify for students that you are thinking aloud. Use a transition statement that tells
students you have left the text of the story to provide the think aloud.
ƒ
Don’t ask students questions about strategy use during the modeling step.
ƒ
Provide additional models for students as needed during reading of selection.
Guided Practice
ƒ
Work together with students to help them learn how and when to use the strategy.
ƒ
Use the strategy name while guiding students.
ƒ
Prompt students to use multiple strategies when appropriate.
ƒ
Provide opportunities for active participation for all students; students should work in
partners, small groups, or whole class.
ƒ
Provide many opportunities for guided practice with each strategy.
Feedback
ƒ
As students participate in guided practice, provide feedback regarding correct and
incorrect usage of the strategy (praise students for strategy steps they used and
remind them of steps they left out).
Application
ƒ
Remind students to use the strategy while they continue to read the current text.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card # 17 Side A
Vocabulary―Word-Learning Strategy Instruction
Use the strategies below to guide your word-learning strategy instruction. Remember that not
all strategies are useful in figuring out the meaning of all words. We model their use anyway to
show students how to be flexible with their strategy use. If one strategy doesn’t work, they
should try another. We want to create students who do not skip big words, but attack them
with the confidence that they have multiple ways to figure out their meaning.
1. Word Structure
Morphemes (prefixes, suffixes, base words, and root words) combine to contribute to the
meaning of a word. Recognizing these units of meaning help you figure out what the word
means.
2. Syntactic Clues
How a word is used in a sentence (the part of speech) can give you clues to its meaning.
3. Context Clues
Words, phrases, or sentences surrounding an unknown word can give you hints about its
meaning.
•
Apposition
•
Restatements
•
Examples
•
Definitions
•
Similes
•
Metaphors
•
Clue words or phrases
•
Synonyms
•
Antonyms/negative examples
•
Lists
Note: Always use the procedure for strategy instruction (Card #15) listed below to guide
word-learning strategy instruction.
•
Explain/Direct Definition (Directly define what strategy you are about to use and
why)
•
Model (Model using the strategy without involving the students, simply show them your
thought processes by thinking aloud)
•
Guided practice (After at least two models, ask students to apply the same strategy
with a partner or table group)
•
Feedback (Ask partners to share what they did in their guided practice and provide
feedback that encourages good strategy use)
•
Application (Remind students to use word learning strategies every time they read)
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Card # 17 Side B
Vocabulary―Procedures for Specific Word Instruction
Specific word instruction includes, but is not limited to, the below opportunities for
multiple exposures.
1. Direct Definitions
ƒ
If a thing is fabulous it means it is wonderful or marvelous.
2. Use Synonyms and Antonyms
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Which word is the same as fabulous - o.k. or super? Why does super go with
fabulous?
Is it fabulous if you fall and scrape your knee? What would it be?
The boy had a fabulous time at the park. Did he have a great time or a terrible
time?
The concert was the best he had ever heard. Every note seemed perfect. Am I
talking about fabulous or discover?
3. Make Up a Novel Sentence
Student makes up novel sentence:
ƒ
How could a family have a fabulous time?
ƒ
Why is a diamond necklace fabulous? A diamond necklace is fabulous because…
Teacher makes up novel sentence:
ƒ Maria thought her car was fabulous because it was hot pink.
4. Classify With Other Words
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Name some things that are fabulous. Name some things that are not fabulous.
The boy had a fabulous time at the park. Did he have a great time or a terrible
time?
The concert was the best he had ever heard. Every note seemed perfect. Am I
talking about fabulous or discover?
5. Relate the Definition to One's Own Experiences
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Describe a time that something fabulous happened to you.
I know you had a fabulous time on the fieldtrip. Describe it.
Name a time that your family had a fabulous time.
What could happen that would cause you to have a fabulous time?
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Appendix
For all Templates except 4, 5, and 6:
When prompting individual turns use the focus (Word?, Sound?, etc.) for all students. Then call an
individual student’s name just before you give the signal for student response (tap, slide, etc.). This way,
all students are participating, or figuring out the answer in their heads, instead of only one student.
Card #11 Template for Reading Predecodable and Decodable
Text Instruction—Introductory
Template 11 assumes that students have had sufficient practice reading regular and irregular words in
word list exercises from the Lesson Maps on days prior to introduction of the story so that they will be
able to read all words in the story with no more than 3-4 seconds to figure out the word. If you have
students in your group who have not had sufficient practice, you may have to preteach. Waiting for these
children to figure out a response would cause the majority of the students to wait excessively.
Preteaching consists of presenting the story in a smaller group with those students who need the extra
time prior to presenting the story in the larger group. During the small group session, allow more time to
figure out the words on the first reading of the story, then repeat the story with just a 3-4 second pause
for each word.
Card #12 Template for Reading Decodable Text Instruction—
Intermediate
Template 12 assumes that students have had sufficient practice reading regular and irregular words in
word list exercises from the Lesson Maps on days prior to introduction of the story so that they will be
able to read all words in the story with no more than 3 seconds to figure out the word. If you have
students in your group who have not had sufficient practice, you may have to preteach. Waiting for these
children to figure out a response would cause the majority of the students to wait excessively.
Preteaching consists of presenting the story in a smaller group with those students who need the extra
time prior to presenting the story in the larger group. During the small group session, allow more time to
figure out the words on the first reading of the story, then repeat the story with just a 3 second pause for
each word.
Card #13 Template for Reading Decodable Text —Transitional
Template 13 assumes that students have had sufficient practice reading regular and irregular words in
word list exercises from the Lesson Maps over days prior to introduction of story so that they will be able
to read all words in the story with no more than 2 seconds to figure out the word. If you have students in
your group who have not had sufficient practice, you may have to preteach. Waiting for these children to
figure out a response would cause the majority of the students to wait excessively. Preteaching consists
of presenting the story in a smaller group with those students who need the extra time prior to
presenting the story in the larger group. During the small group, allow more time to figure out the words
on the first reading of the story, then repeat story with just a 2 second pause for each word.
If you have students who make multiple errors, call on them for sentences that contain easier words.
Have these students reread the decodable text again later in small groups.
PRACTICE TO BUILD FLUENCY
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Use one of the following options to have students reread the story at least two more times:
1. Provide extra choral reading practice using the signaling procedure associated with this template.
2. Provide extra individual turn reading practice using the procedure associated with this template.
3. Partner Read – Students read with a partner following the procedure below.
Say: You’re going to practice reading a story with a partner. When you are the listener, touch
under each word your partner is reading and read along silently to yourself. If the reader
makes a mistake, say the correct word. When you are the reader and your partner corrects
you, repeat the correct word. Then go back to the beginning of the sentence and read the
sentence again. Take turns reading pages with your partner.
During partner reading, each student should have their own copy of the decodable book. Teacher moves
from pair to pair listening and monitoring.
Card #14 Template for Reading Text—Advanced
Example
(Page 1) Dad and I walk to the park. We take large steps that lead to the grass.
(Page 2) We see dogs. These dogs jump and bark. We see them catch balls and roll over.
(Page 3) A baby wakes up from its nap. Her mother picks her up.
Say: Touch under the first word of the page. Monitor. Read the page to yourself. Pause for an
appropriate length of time.
After students have read to themselves, say: Stop. Go back to the top of the page. Touch under
the first word. Pause. Read (tap).
Repeat the procedure until all text has been read.
Template 14 assumes that students have had sufficient practice reading regular and irregular words in
word list exercises from the Lesson Maps on days prior to introduction of the story so that they will be
able to read all words in the story with no more than 1 second to figure out the words. If you have
students in your group who have not had sufficient practice, you may have to preteach. Waiting for these
children to figure out a response would cause the majority of the students to wait excessively.
Preteaching consists of presenting the story in a smaller group with those students who need the extra
time prior to presenting the story in the larger group. During the small group, allow more time to figure
out the words on the first reading of the story, then repeat the story with just a 1 second pause for each
word.
If you have students who make multiple errors, call on them for sentences that contain easier words.
Have these students reread the decodable again later in small groups.
PRACTICE TO BUILD FLUENCY
Use one of the following options to have students reread the story at least two more times:
1. Provide extra choral reading practice using the signaling procedure associated with this template.
2. Provide extra individual turn reading practice using the procedure associated with this template.
3. Partner Read – Students read with a partner following the procedure below.
Say: You’re going to practice reading a story with a partner. When you are the listener, touch
under each word your partner is reading and read along silently to yourself. If the reader
makes a mistake, say the correct word. When you are the reader and your partner corrects
you, repeat the correct word. Then go back to the beginning of the sentence and read the
sentence again. Take turns reading pages with your partner.
During partner reading, each student should have their own copy of the decodable book. Teacher moves
from pair to pair listening and monitoring.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Word Reading―Spelling Focused for Multisyllabic or Affixed
Words
Example 1 – Two syllable words (with no affixes)
char/coal
1.
Cover the second syllable coal.
2.
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling in the
first syllable ar and say, “Sound?”
3.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under char.
4.
Uncover the second syllable and cover the first syllable char.
5.
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling oa and
say, “Sound?”
6.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under coal.
7.
Uncover the first syllable to reveal the whole word.
8.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under each syllable.
9.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Word?” Slide hand under entire word.
10.
If students have a difficult time pronouncing the word, place the word in context for them
and ask them if it sounds like a word they know. Try to get them to adjust the
pronunciation based on context and the structure of the sentence. If they still can’t get
the pronunciation, tell them the word.
Set #1
Set #2
Set #3
1. vol/ume
1. po/lite
1. suc/ceed
2. per/haps
2. cen/ter
2. va/cant
3. rain/coat
3. pea/nut
3. day/dream
Note: For all words, the slashes (/) are included for your syllabication knowledge only. Do not write
them on the board when presenting words to students.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Word Reading―Spelling Focused for Multisyllabic or
Affixed Words (continued)
Example 2 – Two syllable words (with the inflectional ending -ed)
paint/ed
1.
Cover the second syllable ed (inflectional ending).
2.
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling
in the first syllable ai and say, “Sound?”
3.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under paint.
4.
Uncover the second syllable and cover the first syllable paint.
5.
Focus students on the inflectional ending ed and tell students, “Say /ed/.” Slide
finger under ed.
6.
Uncover the first syllable to reveal the whole word.
7.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under each
syllable.
8.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Word?” Slide hand under entire word.
9.
If students have a difficult time pronouncing the word, place the word in context
for them and ask them if it sounds like a word they know. Try to get them to
adjust the pronunciation based on context and the structure of the sentence. If
they still can’t get the pronunciation, tell them the word.
Note on point 5: The teacher tells students to say the correct pronunciation of the ed ending because ed as
an inflectional ending can represent one of three different sounds: /ed/ as in painted, /d/ as in hummed and
/t/ as in stopped. The teacher does not have to tell students to say other endings such as ing and er.
Set #1
Set #2
Set #3
1. nest/ed
1. land/ed
1. start/ed
2. last/ed
2. blast/ed
2. bloat/ed
3. hoard/ed
3. board/ed
3. raid/ed
4. add/ed
4. roast/ed
4. float/ed
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance
(NCRFTA). Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with
Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the
provisions of EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution,
or sale is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Word Reading―Spelling Focused for Multisyllabic or
Affixed Words (continued)
Example 3 – Two syllable words (with a prefix)
dis/like
1.
Cover the second syllable like.
2.
Option #1 - If you have taught dis as a prefix:
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on dis and say, “Prefix?” Slide
finger under dis.
Option #2 - If students have not learned the prefix dis:
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling i
and say, “Sound?”
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under dis.
3.
Uncover the second syllable and cover the first syllable dis.
4.
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling
i_e and say, “Sound?”
5.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under like.
6.
Uncover the first syllable to reveal the whole word.
7.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under each
syllable.
8.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Word?” Slide hand under entire word.
9.
If students have a difficult time pronouncing the word, place the word in context
for them and ask them if it sounds like a word they know. Try to get them to
adjust the pronunciation based on context and the structure of the sentence. If
they still can’t get the pronunciation, tell them the word.
Set #1
Set #2
Set #3
1. dis/trust
1. re/turn
1. un/tie
2. pre/cut
2. pre/heat
2. pre/pay
3. re/fill
3. un/tuck
3. mis/place
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance
(NCRFTA). Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with
Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the
provisions of EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution,
or sale is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Word Reading―Spelling Focused for Multisyllabic or
Affixed Words (continued)
Example 4 – Two syllable words (with a suffix)
weak/ness
1.
Cover the second syllable ness.
2.
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling
ea and say, “Sound?”
3.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under weak.
4.
Uncover the second syllable and cover the first syllable weak.
5.
Option #1 - If you have taught ness as a suffix:
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on ness and say, “Suffix?” and
slide finger under ness.
Option #2 - If students have not learned the suffix ness:
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling
e and say, “Sound?”
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under ness.
6.
Uncover the first syllable to reveal the whole word.
7.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under each
syllable.
8.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Word?” Slide hand under entire word.
9.
If students have a difficult time pronouncing the word, place the word in context
for them and ask them if it sounds like a word they know. Try to get them to
adjust the pronunciation based on context and the structure of the sentence. If
they still can’t get the pronunciation, tell them the word.
Set #1
Set #2
Set #3
1. fear/ful
1. price/less
1. reck/less
2. clean/est
2. cost/ly
2. proud/ly
3. bak/ing (see A last page)
3. hik/ing (see A last page)
3. rid/ing (see A last page)
4. sad/dest (see B last page)
4. hit/ter (see B last page)
4. hot/test (see B last page)
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance
(NCRFTA). Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with
Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the
provisions of EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution,
or sale is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Word Reading―Spelling Focused for Multisyllabic or
Affixed Words (continued)
Example 5 – One syllable words (with the inflectional ending -ed)
hugg(ed)
1.
Cover the inflectional ending ed and the doubled consonant (if there is one) to
show just the base word.
2.
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling
in the base word u and say, “Sound?”
3.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under hug.
4.
Uncover the inflectional ending and cover the base word hug and the doubled
consonant (if there is one).
5.
Focus students on the inflectional ending ed and tell students, “Say /d/.” Slide
finger under ed.
6.
Uncover the base word to reveal the whole word.
7.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under the whole
word.
8.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Word?” Slide hand under entire word.
9.
If students have a difficult time pronouncing the word, place the word in context
for them and ask them if it sounds like a word they know. Try to get them to
adjust the pronunciation based on context and the structure of the sentence. If
they still can’t get the pronunciation, tell them the word.
Note on point 5: The teacher tells students to say the correct pronunciation of the ed ending because ed
as an inflectional ending may represent one of three different sounds: /ed/ as in painted, /d/ as in hummed
and /t/ as in stopped.
Set #1
Set #2
Set #3
1. shrugg(ed)
1. tun(ed)
1. plac(ed)
2. pric(ed)
2. pluck(ed)
2. hook(ed)
3. flam(ed)
3. turn(ed)
3. drain(ed)
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance
(NCRFTA). Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with
Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the
provisions of EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution,
or sale is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Word Reading―Spelling Focused for Multisyllabic or
Affixed Words (continued)
Example 6 – Two syllable words (with two inflectional endings or suffixes)
play/er(s)
1.
Cover the second syllable ers.
2.
Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling ay
and say, “Sound?”
3.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under play.
4.
Cover the first syllable play and place a dot between the two inflectional endings.
5.
Focus students on er and say, “Suffix?” and slide finger under er.
6.
Focus students on s and say, “Suffix?” and slide finger under s.
7.
Uncover the first syllable to reveal the whole word.
8.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under each syllable.
9.
Use the signaling procedure and say, “Word?” Slide hand under entire word.
10.
If students have a difficult time pronouncing the word, place the word in context for
them and ask them if it sounds like a word they know. Try to get them to adjust the
pronunciation based on context and the structure of the sentence. If they still can’t
get the pronunciation, tell them the word.
*Practice words found on next page combined with Example 7.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance
(NCRFTA). Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with
Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the
provisions of EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution,
or sale is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Word Reading―Spelling Focused for Multisyllabic or
Affixed Words (continued)
Example 7 – Three syllable words
in/ter/nal
1. Place dots between the syllables (e.g., in·ter·nal).
2. Cover the second and third syllables.
3. Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling i
in the first syllable and say, “Sound?”
4. Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under in.
5. Cover the last syllable nal.
6. Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling
er in the second syllable and say, “Sound?”
7. Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under ter.
8. Uncover all syllables.
9. Use the signaling procedure to focus students on the potentially difficult spelling
a and say, “Sound?”
10. Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under nal.
11. Use the signaling procedure and say, “Blend.” Sweep finger under each
syllable.
12. Use the signaling procedure and say, “Word?” Slide hand under entire word.
13. If students have a difficult time pronouncing the word, place the word in context
for them and ask them if it sounds like a word they know. Try to get them to
adjust the pronunciation based on context and the structure of the sentence. If
they still can’t get the pronunciation, tell them the word.
For all of the words below, see letter C below.
Set #1
Set #2
Set #3
1. fear/ful/ly
1. re/turn/ing
1. im/por/tant
2. re/ap/pear
2. se/lec/tion
2. cor/rec/tion
3. up/sett/ing
3. im/ple/ment
3. per/son/al
4. read/er(s)
4. hik/er(s)
4. help/er(s)
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance
(NCRFTA). Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with
Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the
provisions of EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution,
or sale is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the developer.
Additional Information About Multisyllabic Blending
A. Before blending a word with an e-drop (hike + ing = hiking), you must decide if showing
the e-drop helps or hurts with pronunciation. It usually helps. If it helps, follow this
procedure to show the e-drop to students:
▪ Cover the second syllable with your e-drop index card
▪ Show students there was an e dropped by writing e on the index card that is
covering the second syllable. The e should be on the left hand side of the card so
that it shows students where the e was in the base word, while the rest of the
card works to cover the second syllable. For the word liking, the e card allows the
teacher to prompt students to say the i_e sound. The e card is covering ing.
lik e
If the e-ending word does not have a vowel with a long sound, show students the e-drop
only after you read the word (showing it first would hinder pronunciation, e.g., shelving).
B. When you cover the first syllable in words like saddest, point out to students that the last
consonant has been doubled. When you slide the index card over to cover the first
syllable and uncover the last syllable, only show the suffix.
C. With words of three or more syllables or two syllable words that have an inflectional
ending that do not create a new syllable, it may be helpful to place dots between
meaningful units after the word has been written on the board. An index card can still be
used to help show doubling or e-drop if applicable (play/er·s, in·for·ma·tion).
Important Considerations
1. If students don’t give the correct pronunciation when asked for the word, ask them to
adjust the pronunciation. If they can’t adjust the pronunciation in isolation, give them the
approximation of the word in context. If they still can’t adjust the pronunciation, tell them
the correct way to pronounce the word.
2. If students make an error during any step in the above word reading techniques, use
what you have learned previously on Card 10 regarding how to effectively correct errors
and teach to mastery.
3. Explain to students that you are sliding and not sweeping on word parts that you want
them to recognize as meaningful units (for joyous: sweep under joy, slide under ous).
4. If students are not having difficulty with the vowel sound, you can transition them away
from the “Sound?” step by just asking them to blend a syllable. Make sure students
realize that spotting the vowel spellings is an important part of the strategy on Card 16.
5. If the word has an e-drop, consonant doubling, or a more complex spelling change, help
students notice this after they have read the word.
June 2005 (Revised June 2007) DRAFT Templates, a product of the National Center for Reading First Technical Assistance (NCRFTA).
Developed by the Western Regional Reading First Technical Assistance Center (WRRFTAC) in collaboration with Ashlock Consulting, Inc.
The intellectual property represented in these materials, as well as the materials themselves, are protected by copyright. In addition, the provisions of
EDGAR Section 80.34, apply to these materials. Any use of these materials, including, but not limited to, copying, distribution, or sale is expressly
prohibited without the written consent of the developer.